PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF NINH BINH PROVINCE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IMPROVEMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT OF NINH BINH PROVINCE VIET NAM DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT (WB8) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SUBPROJECT: NINH BINH DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT August 2020 PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF NINH BINH PROVINCE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IMPROVEMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT OF NINH BINH PROVINCE VIET NAM DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT (WB8) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SUBPROJECT: NINH BINH DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT SUBPROJECT OWNER CONSULTANT AGRICULTURE AND RURAL HALCOM VIETNAM DEVELOPMENT IMPROVEMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT OF NINH BINH PROVINCE August 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................... IV ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................6 1.1 Approaches and methodology.............................................................................................................7 1.1.1 Methodology for social impact assessment .................................................................................7 1.1.2 Methodology for environmental impact assessment ....................................................................8 1.2 Preparation of ESIA report .................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................11 2.1 Subproject’s objectives .....................................................................................................................11 2.2 Locations of subproject implementation ...........................................................................................11 2.3 Status of works and construction methods ........................................................................................13 2.4 Material quantity and machinery mobilization .................................................................................20 2.4.1.Raw materials and chemicals to be used .................................................................................. 20 2.4.2. Mobilization of vehicles and machinery for construction........................................................ 20 2.4.3. Material quantity ..................................................................................................................... 21 2.5 Auxiliary works ................................................................................................................................21 2.5.1 Electricity, water for construction and living ........................................................................... 21 2.5.2 Demand for workers’ houses and camps ................................................................................. 21 2.5.3 Disposal sites, soil borrow pits................................................................................................. 22 2.5.4 Construction roads ................................................................................................................... 27 2.6 Pre-construction activities .................................................................................................................27 2.7 Material transportation plan ..............................................................................................................27 2.8. Seepage treatment by grouting drilling technique ...........................................................................27 2.9 Operational and maintenance activities ............................................................................................28 2.10 Dam Safety Plan .............................................................................................................................28 2.11 Construction plan and cost ..............................................................................................................30 CHAPTER III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ..................................31 3.1 Government regulations ....................................................................................................................31 3.2 The World Bank’s safeguard policy .................................................................................................34 3.2.1 Project level .............................................................................................................................. 34 3.2.2 Subproject level ........................................................................................................................ 35 CHAPTER IV. NATURAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................................................42 4.1 Natural conditions ............................................................................................................................42 4.1.1 Geographical locations ............................................................................................................ 42 4.1.2. Topography and soil conditions .............................................................................................. 42 4.1.3. Climate and meteorological conditions ................................................................................... 44 4.1.4. Hydrological conditions .......................................................................................................... 46 4.1.5. Biodiversity .............................................................................................................................. 47 i 4.2 Impacts of climate change in Ninh Binh province ............................................................................48 4.3 Environmental status .........................................................................................................................50 4.3.1. Air environment ....................................................................................................................... 50 4.3.2. Water environment................................................................................................................... 51 4.3.3 Groundwater environment ........................................................................................................ 53 4.3.4 Soil environment ....................................................................................................................... 55 4.4 Socio-economic conditions in the subproject area ............................................................................55 4.5 Sensitive works .................................................................................................................................58 4.6. The management characteristics of the reservoirs ...........................................................................60 CHAPTER V. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ..................................62 5.1 Types and scale of impacts ...............................................................................................................62 5.2 Positive environment and social impacts ..........................................................................................63 5.2.1 Social impacts ........................................................................................................................... 63 5.2.2 Impacts on environment ............................................................................................................ 63 5.3. Potential negative environmental and social impacts ......................................................................64 5.3.1 Impacts in the pre-construction phase ...................................................................................... 64 5.3.2 Impacts during construction ..................................................................................................... 67 5.3.3 Impacts in operation phase ....................................................................................................... 91 5.4 Analysis of impact types............................................................................................................... 93 5.4.1 Cumulative impacts .................................................................................................................. 93 5.4.2 Direct impacts........................................................................................................................... 93 5.4.3 Indirect impacts ........................................................................................................................ 93 5.4.4 Temporary impacts ................................................................................................................... 93 5.4.5 Long term impacts .................................................................................................................... 93 6.1. Without subproject ...........................................................................................................................94 6.2 With subproject .................................................................................................................................94 CHAPTER VII. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................98 7.1 Objectives .........................................................................................................................................98 7.2 Mitigation measures ..........................................................................................................................98 7.2.1. Mitigation measures during the preparation phase ................................................................ 98 7.2.2 Mitigation measures during construction phase .................................................................... 101 7.2.3 Mitigation measures in operation phase ................................................................................ 130 7.3 Organization of implementation .....................................................................................................132 7.3.1. Project management .............................................................................................................. 132 7.3.2 Roles and responsibilities for environmental and social safety management ........................ 133 7.4 The compliance with the Environment framework .........................................................................136 7.4.1. Contractor's environmental duties......................................................................................... 137 7.4.2. The Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officers ............................................... 138 7.4.3. Environmental and social monitoring during construction ................................................... 138 7.4.4 Compliance with contract and legal requirements ................................................................. 139 7.4.5. Reporting organization ......................................................................................................... 139 7.5 Grievance redress mechanism .........................................................................................................140 7.5.1. Procedures for complaints and settlement............................................................................. 140 7.5.2. contractors and Construction Supervision Consultant .......................................................... 141 ii 7.5.3. The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Mechanism................................................................ 142 7.6 ESMP implementation plan ............................................................................................................142 7.6.1. Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan .................................................. 142 7.6.2 The subproject start up and personnel ................................................................................... 143 7.7 Capacity building and training ........................................................................................................143 7.7.1. Training on safeguard policy................................................................................................. 143 7.7.2 Training on occupational safety and health ........................................................................... 144 7.7.3 Orientation of visitors ............................................................................................................. 144 7.7.4. Training contractors and new workers.................................................................................. 144 7.7.5. Basic training on occupational health and safety ................................................................. 144 7.8 Environmental monitoring plan ......................................................................................................145 7.8.1 Monitoring the compliance with mitigation measures ........................................................... 145 7.8.2 Environment quality monitoring ............................................................................................. 145 7.8.3 Dam safety monitoring ........................................................................................................... 148 7.9 Cost estimation................................................................................................................................148 CHAPTER VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ..............170 8. 1 Purpose and method of consultation ..............................................................................................170 8.2 Consultation process .......................................................................................................................171 8.2.1. Summary of consultation process at Commune People’s Committees and mass organizations ......................................................................................................................................................... 172 8.2.2. Summary of consultations with communities directly affected by subproject ....................... 173 8.3 Consultation results .........................................................................................................................174 8.3.1. Comments from commune people's committees and local mass organizations ............................ 174 8.3.2.Opinions of communities ........................................................................................................ 176 8.4 Commitment of the subproject owner .............................................................................................177 8.5 Information disclosure ....................................................................................................................178 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................................................................179 Conclusions ...........................................................................................................................................179 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................179 REFERENCES .....................................................................................................................................180 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. 1. Locations of subproject reservoirs....................................................................... 12 Figure 2. 2. The local road status ............................................................................................ 27 Figure 4. 1. The diversity of vegetation in the subproject area .............................................. 47 Figure 4. 2. Noise observation results ..................................................................................... 50 Figure 4. 3. Vibration monitoring results............................................................................... 51 Figure 4. 4. Results of total dust monitoring .......................................................................... 51 Figure 4. 5: The occupations in the subproject communes ..................................................... 57 Figure 7. 1. The subproject Organization ............................................................................. 133 Figure 7. 2. The subproject’s implementation of Environment Safeguard Policy ............... 134 Figure 8. 1. Some photos of consultation with local authorities and mass organizations in subproject communes ............................................................................................................ 175 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. 1. List of experts ....................................................................................................... 10 Table 2. 1: Locations of 07 reservoirs in the subproject area ................................................. 11 Table 2. 2. Summary of current reservoirs and construction works of the subproject ........... 13 Table 2. 3. Distance: for material transportation .................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2. 4. List of machinery and equipment for construction ............................................... 20 Table 2. 5. Summary of construction material quantity.......................................................... 21 Table 2. 6. Locations of dumping sites, soil pits .................................................................... 23 Table 7. Summary of environmental assessment procedure of WB & Government .............. 37 Table 4. 1. Monthly average temperature in many years in some stations in Ninh Binh province ................................................................................................................................... 45 Table 4. 2. The average relative air humidity per month in many years ................................ 45 Table 4. 3. Monthly average wind speed for many years ....................................................... 45 Table 4. 4. Total sunshine hours in Ninh Binh station ........................................................... 45 Table 4. 5. The average evaporation per month in many years .............................................. 45 Table 4. 6. The ecology in 07 reservoir areas ........................................................................ 48 Table 4. 7. The areas affected by drought in recent years ...................................................... 49 Table 4. 8: Results of analyzing surface water quality ........................................................... 52 Table 4. 9: Results of water quality analysis .......................................................................... 54 Table 4. 10: Results of soil quality analysis ........................................................................... 55 Table 4. 11. Socio-economic characteristics of the subproject communes ............................ 58 iv Table 4. 12. Current status sensitive works ............................................................................ 58 Table 4. 13: Management characteristics of reservoirs in subproject area ............................. 61 Table 5. 1. The criteria for classification of negative impacts ................................................ 62 Table 5. 2. Number of subproject affected households ......................................................... 65 Table 5. 3. Summary of land acquisition by the subproject ................................................... 65 Table 5. 4: Estimated scope of demining UXO ...................................................................... 66 Table 5. 5. Summary of trees, crops affected by the subproject ............................................ 67 Table 5. 6. Potential negative impacts in construction phase ............................................... 68 Table 5. 7. Estimated earthwork quantity during construction phase ..................................... 75 Table 5. 8. Load of diffused dust from soil works .................................................................. 76 Table 5. 9. Loads of dust from construction equipment of internal combustion engines Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 5. 10. Number of trucks for earthwork ......................................................................... 77 Table 5. 11. Load of waste generated by transportation ......................................................... 78 Table 5. 12. Forecasted loads of dust and emissions from trucks .......................................... 78 Table 5. 13. Noise pollution levels of construction machinery .............................................. 80 Table 5. 14. The vibration levels of some construction equipment ........................................ 80 Table 5. 15. Concentration of pollutants in construction wastewater (PL3-02) .............. Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 5. 16. Calculation of rainwater overflowing ................................................................. 82 Table 5. 17. Pollution concentration in rainwater overflowing .............................................. 82 Table 5. 18. Content of pollutants in domestic wastewater .................................................... 83 Table 5. 19. Total solid waste generated during construction ................................................ 84 Table 5. 20. Potential impacts during construction to sensitive works................................... 88 Table 5. 21. General impacts of the subproject during the operation phase ........................... 91 Table 7. 1. Estimated cost of compensation and support of the subproject (Unit: VND) ...... 99 Table 7. 2. Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) for addressing construction impacts 102 Table 7. 3. Mitigation measures for sensitive works ............................................................ 126 Table 7. 4. General mitigation measures for impacts during operation phase...................... 130 Table 7. 5. Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders .......................................................... 134 Table 7. 6. Reporting requirements....................................................................................... 139 Table 7. 7. Environmental monitoring plan during the construction phase ......................... 146 Table 7. 8: Estimated cost of mitigation measures ............................................................... 148 Table 7. 9. Funding source for ESMP monitoring ................................................................ 150 Table 7. 10. Summary of mitigation measures ..................................................................... 151 Table 7. 11: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan ..................................................... 166 v Table 8. 1. List of local consultation communes .................................................................. 172 Table 8. 2. Summary of opinions of local authorities ........................................................... 174 Table 8. 3. Summary of consultation activities which were implemented ........................... 175 vi ABBREVIATIONS BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CPMU Central Project Office (under MARD) CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DO Dissolved Oxygen DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment ECOP Environmental Codes of Practice EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan ES Environmental Supervisor ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework IPM Integrated Pest Management MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development OP Operational Policy of the WB PPMU Provincial Project Management Unit PPMU Ninh Binh Agriculture and Rural Development Improvement Project Management Unit of Ninh Binh Province QCVN Vietnam Technical Standard/Regulation RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework TCVN Vietnam Standard TOR Terms of Reference WB World Bank vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Background. The subproject "Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement" in Ninh Binh province is one of the proposed subprojects under the World Bank's DRSIP. The objectives of the subproject include: (i) rehabilitating and improving safety for 7 reservoirs: Yen Quang 1, Da Lai, Dong Loi, Vuon Dieu, Bai Long, Dam Mo and Nui Va, (ii) ) ensuring the safety and stability of focal works to protect downstream residents and their properties; and (iii) in line with the objectives of the National Dam Safety Program. This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is prepared for the subproject to comply with the World Bank's Environmental Safeguard Policy (OP/BP4.01), the Law on Environmental Protection of Vietnam (LEP-2014), and other relevant laws and regulations. The total estimated cost of the subproject is VND 101,776,873,212. 2. Locations. The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement in Ninh Binh province includes 7 reservoirs, distributed in the communes and districts: Yen Quang 1, Da Lai, Bai Long, Vuon Dieu, Dam Mo, Dong Liem (Nho Quan district) and Nui Va (Tam Diep city) aiming at supporting the implementation of the National Dam Safety Program to ensure the safety of the reservoirs through solidification, repair, upgrading of priority dams and capacity building for dam safety management and operation to protect the population and the socio- economic infrastructure of the downstream areas. 3. Status of the subproject. All reservoirs were built long time ago, in the 1960s and 70s of the last century. After many years of operation, earth dams are now seriously degraded, seepage through dams bodies and dam toes; upstream slopes are slipped; downstream areas are filled with many bushes and absorbent forming swamps; valves of culverts are damaged and leaking; flood discharge spillways have narrow aperture and eroded. The reservoirs are not safe and guarantee the flood drainage. 4. Construction items a) Earth dams: Elevate dam crests, build seawall and antiseepage for dam bodies and dam base; expand dam crests (all 7 dams); fill upstream and downstream slopes; reinforce dam crests; repair; supplement drainage equipment; survey and treat termite in bodies. b) Spillways: Expand spillways (Yen Quang 1, Da Lai); build new spillways (except Yen Quang 1 and Nui Va); supplement spillway bridges (all 7 reservoirs); c) Water-intake culverts: Repair and replace water-intake culverts depending on degrees of damages; build culverts of 5 reservoirs (except Da Lai and Nui Va); d) New management houses: Grade-IV houses with electricity and water supply for living and reservoir management; e) Management roads: Depending on the current situation of each reservoir, build concrete road structure in accordance with the standards of rural roads; f) Monitoring equipment: Set up monitoring devices to measure subsidence, seepage, rainfall and hydrological monitoring posts to measure upstream and downstream water levels. 5. Environmental and social screening: According to the environmental and social screening results, the subproject is classified as Category B in accordance with OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment). The subproject includes large and small dams, so under OP 4.37 (Safety of Dams), dam safety reports (DSR) has been prepared and submitted to the Panel 1 of Experts (PoE) for review and supervision. In addition, other World Bank's safeguard policies are triggered, including Pest Management (OP 4.09), Indigenous peoples (OP/BP 4.10), Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11), Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) and corresponding safeguard tools as resettlement action plan (RAP), social impact assessment (SA), environmental impact assessment (EIA), environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA)/social and environmental management plan (ESMP) have been prepared for the subproject. 6. Policies, legal and institutional framework National laws and regulations applicable to the subproject include: Law on Environmental Protection No.55/2014/QH13 dated June 23, 2014; Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 regarding environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan; Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP dated May 13, 2019 amending and supplementing a number of articles of the decrees that provide details and guidance for the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection; Circular No. 25/2019/TT-BTNMT dated December 31, 2019 detailing the implementation of a number of articles of Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP that amends and supplements a number of articles of the decrees that provide details and guidance for the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection; other regulations that govern monitoring activities; and relevant laws and regulations and standards. The following safeguard policies of the World Bank are applied to implement the subproject: Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01); Pest Management (OP/BP 4.09); Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10); Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11); Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12); and Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37). 7. Environmental impacts and mitigation measures: The subproject impacts are positive and negative. Repairing and upgrading the work-items of 07 reservoirs will creat positive change to certain regional meteorological factors. Stabilizing water surface area will cause a change to the microclimate of each reservoir area. After rehabilitation of the work-items are completed, the stable water supply for agricultural production will increase, the works and the downstream areas are protected from rainy seasons, and development conditions of coastal vegetation communities, landscapes around reservoirs and local transportation are improved, as well. Negative impacts during preparation and construction: Potential negative impacts include: (i) Land acquisition impacts. The survey results show that the subproject items involve 25 households, including 13 vulnerable households (01 near-poor household, 01 policy household, and 11 Muong ethnic households). Among the affected households, 10 households will be permanently affected on agricultural land (production forest land, annual crop land, and other crops on land), none of the households will be severely affected from losing 20% of their arable agricultural land area or more; 15 households are affected on garden land; and 17 households are affected on structures. The permanent acquisition of 1,112m2 of land of 25 households includes: 443.5m2 of garden land of 15 households, 368.5m2 of production forest land of 8 households, and 300m2 of agricultural production land (land for annual crops) of 2 households. The temporary affected land area is 16,300m2 managed by the Commune People Committees (CPCs). The subproject's items will affect trees and crops of 25 households; (ii) Impacts due to the risk of unexploded ordnances: There may be a risk from unexploded ordnances when the excavation and filling of the subproject works are being carried out; (iii) Impacts from clearing sites for the project that may generate waste, causing impacts on the fauna in the subproject area due to loss of habitats and changes in ecological landscape; and (iv) There are also impacts related to the risk of introducing impurities affecting the quality of underground water due to topographic and geological surveys... 2 Negative impacts during construction phase: Because of the requirements of the upstream repair and construction of water-intake culverts and spillways, water in the reservoirs, where water is taken via water-intake culverts, will be lowered to the bottom elevations of the water- intake culverts to build cofferdams at upstream areas to prevent water from penetration and dry foundation pits. During the upstream repair and construction phase, the water supply to the downstream areas is made by pumping without interrupting local agricultural production. Particularly for Yen Quang reservoir, which is an inter-reservoir system, so it is unable to drain water out of the reservoir, the construction method will be building upstream cofferdam to dry foundation pits. After the construction of the spillways and the dams that prevent water from flowing through the spillways, the water-intake culverts will be repaired, therefore, the normal water level in the reservoir is maintained. In addition, there are potential impacts relating to construction like noise and vibration, dust and gas emissions from vehicles and machinery operation during construction, impacts on water and soil quality due to waste, landslide and sedimentation, social conflicts between workers and local people, destruction of vegetation, traffic disturbance, accident risk, etc. Notably, due to the outbreak of Covid-19 disease at the time of the subproject implementation, impacts related to the disease transmission between local people and workers of construction contractors may occur and affect community health. The research and assessment, however, showed that the subproject impacts are not large as the work scale of each reservoir and the mobilization of vehicles, machinery and labor are not in large scale. Therefore, these adverse impacts are considered temporary, localized and low and medium levels. Negative impacts during the operation phase of the subproject will be long-term impacts. For example, emergency flood discharge in rainy seasons without timely notice to downstream areas may cause direct impacts to communities such as flooding, property losses, crop losses, even people's loss of lives and indirect impacts to communities such as environmental pollution, disease outbreak, and loss of income of about 1087 households in 07 downstream areas; cutting off irrigation water supply due to lowering water levels in the reservoirs to repair and maintain the works (at low impact level) will affect production; environmental pollution due to production with more chemical use, as the works are upgraded, stable irrigation water is supplied for production in the areas which were not previously sufficiently irrigated as the degradation of the irrigation structure. The agricultural production area where water is provided will be larger, possibly, increasing agrochemicals becomes the risk of soil and water pollution in this region (at low impact level). Besides, drowning risk may be upsurge due to more convenient accessing to the reservoirs as well as landscape to be improved which will attract more people to visit for sightseeing. Mitigation measures for negative impacts are proposed in the subproject preparation and construction phase. Land acquisition impacts will be minimized as provided in the resettlement plan. Environmental impacts in the construction phase will be mitigated through the application of the Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP, ESMP) and specific mitigation measures. Proposed mitigation measures for negative impacts during operation. An emergency preparedness plan (EPP) will be preliminary prepared during the project preparation phase for risks of emergency flood discharge, including dam safety reports. The EPP will be finalized by the dam management authority during the project implementation and the deadline for completion is at least one year before the completion of the upgraded structures. The final EPP should be submitted to the Dam Safety Team and the WB for review no later than 6 months before the subproject completion. EPP documents will be prepared for local communities to understand the emergency response procedures. 3 Monitoring and supervision should be carried out regularly by construction management units to ensure that damages to the structures are detected and handled in a timely manner. An integrated pest management program will be drafted to provide tools to minimize soil and water pollution due to the use of agrochemicals. 8. Institutional arrangements. The CPMU hired an Independent Monitoring and Technical Assistance Consultant (hereinafter referred to as the Consultant) to conduct external monitoring and provide regular assistances for the project activities. This entity will assess the compliance with the safeguard policies and the implementation of the safeguard tools during construction such as Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)/Environment Codes of Practice (ECOP), Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)/Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP), and Gender Action Plan (GAP) to address environment and social impacts and concerned issues. For this subproject, the PPMU is responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), ensuring that tenders/bidding documents and contracts include environmental covenants for contractors’ compliance. Contractors will carry out construction and comply with environmental covenants agreed in the contracts. Contractors’ Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) are submitted for the PPMU’s review and approval, sent to relevant units and disseminated to the communities in accordance with the law of Vietnam before the commencement of construction activities. The PPMU and the Consultant will monitor the compliance with the mitigation measures agreed with the contractors. In addition, the contractors’ compliance will be closely monitored by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, local authorities and local people in Ninh Binh province. 9. Capacity building. During the subproject implementation, the PPMU has received supports from the CPMU in the World Bank's Environmental Safeguard Policy. CPMU and PPMU staff have been trained by the World Bank safeguard experts on the environmental safeguard policies to address the WB’s safeguard policy requirements for the subproject implementation. The WB’s safeguard polices include OP4.01 (Environmental Assessment), EHS (General Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety) by IFC, OP 4.04 (Natural Habitats), OP4.10 (Indigenous Peoples), OP4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement) etc. During the subproject implementation, the training on the environmental safeguard policies for the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and Contractor's EHS staff is regularly carried out by CPMU to update them on relevant information relating to the safeguard policies. The PPMU, during the subproject implementation, will receive regular supports of the Independent Monitoring and Technical Assistance Consultant relating to the CPMU's Safeguard Policy on the management of dam safety risks and the monitoring of the ESMP implementation. 10. Cost estimation for ESMP implementation. The cost estimated for the ESMP implementation covers monitoring, implementation of mitigation measures, and capacity building. The cost of implementing mitigation measures will be included in the construction cost. No. Activities Cost (VND) 1 Implementing mitigation measures 273,000,000 2 Monitoring ESMP implementation 464,240,000 3 Capacity building 132,500,000 Total 869,740,000 11. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). Complaints relating to the subproject will be addressed through negotiations to reach consensus with locally-affected people. Complaints will be gone through three stages (People's Committees of communes, districts and provinces) 4 before submitted to a legal court, pursuant to the provisions of the Law on Complaints in 2011. The PPMU will be charged with all reasonable administrative and legal fees and levies relating to the receipt of complaints as this cost is included in the subproject budget. 12. Public consultation. Various methods and techniques conducted for community consultations are as follows: a) community meetings; b) household surveys; c) focus group discussions; field monitoring and key informant interviews. The use of these methods and techniques is to improve reliability and effectiveness of feedbacks of the subproject stakeholders, especially locally-affected people and local NGOs to ensure that: (i) affected households receive full subproject information; and (ii) all affected households are involved in the free and informed consultations during the preparation and implementation process of the subproject. The consultative meetings and face-to-face interviews were conducted on 03/06-06/06/2019. The consultations will be conducted regularly during the construction to promptly address environmental impact issues. 13. Information disclosure. In compliance with OP 4.01 and the World Bank (WB) policy on access to information, since the preparation phase of the subproject, the subproject information has been transmitted through mass media to local authorities and communities. The PPMU disseminated information and consulted with the affected communities in 6/2019 and sent consultation information about social and environment impacts caused by the subproject to local authorities and non-government organizations. A draft ESIA in Vietnamese language was sent to the CPCs for dissemination and consultation in 11/2019. It is expected that by 06/2020, the final ESIA will be disclosed posted on the project’s website in Vietnamese and the WB’s website in English, before the subproject appraisal. 14. Conclusion. The subproject: "Rehabilitation and Improvement of Dam Safety" of Ninh Binh province may cause potential negative impacts in the implementation phases, however, due to the small scale of construction works, short-term impacts, limited construction areas, pontetial adverse impacts are negligible. Therefore proposed mitigation measures are considered appropriate to the natural, socio-economic and management and construction conditions in the localities. . An environmental and social management plan has been prepared to manage and monitor the compliance with environmental protection measures and support the local authorities to understand the implementation of the environmental management plan in a continuous and timely manner. The monitoring system prepared by the PPMU and approved by the WB will be applied during the subproject implementation. The Monitoring Consultant will regularly supervise and prepare monthly reports to submit to the PPMU. 5 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION Vietnam owns one of the largest networks of dams and hydraulic infrastructure in the world. This network comprises of over 7,000 dams of different types and sizes. More than 750 dams are able to be classified as large dams (over 15m high or between 5 and 15m wide with the water reservoir storage in excess of 3 million m3). The number of small dams (less than 15m and 3 million m3) is estimated to be over 6,000, which are mainly earth dams. Of the total four million hectares of agricultural land, more than three million hectares are irrigated via 6,648 dams. Many small-medium reservoirs are built in 1960s with limited technical surveys, unreasonable designs and poor-quality construction in addition to limited and delay operation and maintenance. As a consequence, many have been degraded, unsafe and failed to meet the international safety standards. In addition, increasing risks of unstable hydrology due to climate change and massive upstream development make reservoirs at risks of subsidence of major structures, seepage to main dams and/or subsidiary dams/surrounding water-intake works, deformation of upstream/downstream slopes, spillway incidents etc. Awareness of the importance of infrastructure for the country’s sustainable economic growth, the Government launched a multi-sector program in 2003, including the “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project”(DRS IP) financed by the World Bank, which supports dam safety and reservoirs and operational safety to downstream populations and socio-economic infrastructure that are at risk, ensures the downstream integrated development planning and strengthens institutional coordination and future development and safe operation of reservoirs. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) is responsible for the implementation and management of the entire project. The provinces repair and upgrade dams under Component 1 and the MARD will cooperate the coordination with the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) under Component 2. The CPMU (under MARD) is responsible for coordinating and monitoring the entire project. The repair and preparation of dam safety plans, including protection and commissioning, are centered on provincial government. The provincial people's committees (PPCs) and the departments of agriculture and rural development (DARDs) are the managers at the provincial level. The PPMU is responsible for managing and supervising the works with the support from the CPMU. The selection of rehabilitation dams by the Project was based on the unified criteria, probability and severity of incidents and risks to human and socio-economic infrastructure, paying importance of economic benefits in the poverty and inequality framework. The assessment criteria for dam safety include: (i) dam incident probability (structural risk that is based on height and capacity); (ii) impact of dam incident on downstream people; (iii) impact of dam incident on downstream infrastructure; (iv) context of poverty and impact; (v) areas of ethnic minorities; and (vi) the readiness. The Project is implemented in 34 provinces in the North, Central and Highlands. There are about 450 selected dams. The project components are as follows: - Component 1: Dam Safety Rehabilitation (Expected cost is US$ 412 million, of which IDA’s funding is US$ 388.5 million); - Component 2: Dam Safety Management and Planning (Expected cost is US$ 20 million, of which IDA’s funding is US$ 17 million); - Component 3: Project Management Support (Expected cost is US$ 11 million, of 6 which IDA’s funding is US$ 9.5 million). In the second year, the Project will support the repair and solidification of relating infrastructure and irrigation dams. About 90% of the proposed dams are earth dams which are less than 15m high and their design capacity are less than 3 million m3. The Project does not invest in completely changing existing structure or new construction or expansion of main structure but focuses on repairing and re-shaping structure of main dams, secondary dams, strengthening upstream slope by concrete and stones, reinforcing or expanding spillways to increase drainage capacity, repair or rehabilitation of existing intake culverts, replacement of hydraulic system at culverts (water-intake culverts) and spillway gates, drilling for waterproofing of the main dam bodies, upgrading service roads. The Project is planned for implementation for 6 years, 7/2016 - 6/2022. With regard to the environmental protection, the Project’s ESMF was approved by the WB and diclosed in 2015. The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for phase 2 subprojects will follow the project progress, and agreement between the CPMU, the PPMU and the World Bank. In Ninh Binh province, the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Subproject is to ensure the safety of the reservoirs through the repair and upgrading of 07 dams and strengthening management capacity and safe operation of dams to protect inhabitants and socio-economic infrastructure in 06 communes in the subproject area of Nho Quan district and Tam Diep town. 1.1 Approaches and methodology The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is implemented in accordance with the World Bank’s safeguard policies and the Law on Environmental Protection and other laws and regulations of the Government of Vietnam. The purpose of the ESIA is to identify the importance of environmental and social issues in the decision-making process by assessing environmental and social consequences of the proposed research before undertaking the project activities. Early identification and characterization of important environmental and social impacts will help communities and governments assess potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed subproject and apply mitigation measures to minimize the risk of such effects. 1.1.1 Methodology for social impact assessment The objectives of the social assessment (SA), in parallel with the environmental assessment of the subproject, include: First, it examines potential impacts of the subproject–positive and negative–on the basis of planned subproject activities. Second, it finds from the design of measures addressing potential adverse impact and proposing communities development activities that are relevant to the project development objectives. For identified adverse impacts, consultation with local people, governmental agencies, project stakeholders, etc., were carried out to ensure that affected people will be appropriately compensated and supported in a manner that their socioeconomic activities will be promptly and fully restored to the pre-project level, at least, and that their livelihoods will not be worse off, in the long run, as a result of the subprojects. A part of the social assessment is inclusive of ethnic minority (EM) peoples who are living in the subproject area and are confirmed by the EM screening (WB’s OP 4.10). The consultations with them were carried out in a free, prior, and informed manner to confirm supports for affected EM peoples when there is the subproject implementation. The EM screening was conducted based on WB’s OP 4.06 and implemented within the social assessment scope and area corresponding to the scope of the environmental assessment (according to OP 4.01). 7 A gender analysis in the subproject area was also done as part of the SA to understand gender features in the subproject area to enable gender mainstreaming to gender equality improvement and to enhance further development effectiveness of the subprojects and the Project as a whole. Depending on the magnitude of the identified potential project impacts and the project development objectives, a gender action plan and a gender monitoring plan were prepared. To ensure that any potential impacts can be identified during the project preparation, the SA was conducted through series of consultations with the stakeholders. A particular focus was the households which are potentially affected (both positively and adversely) by the subproject. The assessment techniques for this SA include 1) review of secondary data, 2) field observations; 3) focus groups discussions/community meetings, 4) key informant interview, and 5) households survey. 1.1.2 Methodology for environmental impact assessment The ESIA process applies the following methods. (a) Rapid assessment method The Rapid Assessment Method was issued by the World Health Organization in 1993. The basis of this method is based on the nature of material, technology, rules of processes in nature and experience to quantify pollutant discharge load. In Vietnam, it has been introduced and applied in many ESIA studies, which performs relatively accurately the calculation of pollutant discharge under limited conditions of instrumentation and analysis. In this report, the pollutant discharge coefficients are taken from the World Bank’s Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991). (b)Building impact matrix Establishing correlation between impact of each subproject activity on each issue and environmental component as shown on the impact matrix, which is basic for the focus on detailed contents of impact study. (c)Comparison method The comparison method is to evaluate the environmental quality, effluent discharge quality, pollutant discharge load... on the basis of comparison with the relevant environmental standards and regulations of MoNRE and MOH as well as relating research and experiment topics. (d) Description of environmental system Identifying subproject components that affect the environment and identifying in full effluents, relating environmental issues for detailed assessment. (e)Enumerating method It is used extensively (since the establishment of the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) in some countries) and yields positive results thanks to its advantages as mentioned above such as clear approach and systematic supply during system analysis and evaluation. There are two main construction items: A descriptive list of the environmental components to be studied along with measurement, forecasting and evaluation, a simple list of environmental components which are likely affected to be studied. (f)System analysis method This method is quite popular in the environment assessment. The advantage of this approach is the comprehensive assessment of impacts, which is very useful in identifying impacts and 8 sources of waste. It is based on the assessment of waste sources, impacted objects, environmental components, etc., as the elements in a system have close relationship with each other, thereby, we can identify, analyze, and evaluate impacts. (g)Community interviewing method This method is used when we work with local leaders and local people through face-to-face interviews and community consultations in the project area to gather necessary information for the ESIA preparation, introducing benefits and possible negative impacts of the subproject on the environment and livelihoods. Based on that, we can aggregate feedback and aspirations of local people. On the other hand, we can directly interview local officials and local people on socio- economic development, farming practices and environmental sanitation. (h)Method of reference, synthesis and analysis of information and data This method aims at identifying and evaluating natural and socio-economic conditions in the subproject area through data and information collected from different sources like statistical yearbook, socio-economic report, current status of environment and relating research works. (i)Field survey method Field survey is required when carrying out the assessment of social and environmental impacts to determine the current status of the subproject area, relating objects and to select sampling locations, survey of status of water supply, drainage, electricity supply etc. The consulting agency carried out topographical and geological surveys and collected hydro- meteorological data for design in accordance with the current standards of Vietnam. These survey results are used to assess the natural conditions in the subproject area. (j)Expert method Based on the knowledge and experience of environmental science of environmental impact assessment experts of the Consultancy Agency and other scientific research agencies. (k)Sampling and analysis in laboratory Sampling and analysis of environmental components (soil, water, air) is indispensable in identifying and assessing the status of baseline environment quality in the subproject area. After field survey, the sampling and analysis program will be developed with the main contents as sampling locations, measurement and analysis parameters, manpower, equipment and tools in need, implementation time, sample preservation plan, analysis plan etc. For Ninh Binh subproject, the Consultant coordinated with the Environmental Monitoring Agency to monitor, take and analyze samples of air, water and soil in 07 reservoirs to assess the current quality of environment components. The sampling, analysis and preservation are in accordance with the concerned current standards of Vietnam. 1.2 Preparation of ESIA report Subproject management The Agriculture and Rural Development Improvement Project Management Unit of Ninh Binh Province Address: No.179 Truong Han Sieu Street, Phuc Thanh Ward, Ninh Binh City, Ninh Binh Province Tel.: (0229)3.579788 Fax:(0229)3.899815 Consultancy Agency that makes report 9 Company: HALCOM VIET NAM Address: Floor 9, Hoa Binh Building, 106 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam Tel.: 024-35624709 Fax: 024-35624711 E-mail: info@halcom.vn Table 1. 1. List of experts No. Name Speciality Task/position I Main expert Team leader/Environmentalist 1 Vu Chi Cong Master of Environment 2 Le Thi Vinh Master of Environment Environmentalist 3 Mai Van Huyen Master of Sociology Team deputy leader/Sociological Expert 4 Nguyen Duy Khanh Master of Hydrology Hydrographic Expert 5 Le Thanh Long Master of Environment Ecologist 6 Le Sy Loi Master of Agriculture Agricultural Expert 7 Dang Thi Ha Master of Sociology Resettlement Expert 8 Mai Thi Kim Chi Master of Sociology Gender Expert Nguyen Thi Thanh Tam 9 Master of Sociology Ethnic Minority II Support staff 1 Tran Bac My Bachelor of Social Science Social support Officer 2 Vu Thi Thanh Huan Master of Environment Social support Officer 3 Ha Van Bao Bachelor of Social Science Social support Officer 4 Tran Ngoc Tu Environmental engineer Environmental Support Officer 5 Nguyen Thi Ha Master of Environment Officer 6 Cao Hong Van Bachelor of Foreign Assistant/Secretary Languages 10 CHAPTER II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Subproject in Ninh Binh province is carried out in 06 communes in Nho Quan district and Tam Diep town. The infrastructure of 07 reservoirs, which were mostly built more than 30 – 60 years ago, have seriously deteriorated; most dam slopes have been soaked and in landslide, drains, intake-culverts, spillways are broken and service roads are damaged, which are in need of repair and upgrading to ensure the safety and operation of reservoirs. 2.1 Subproject’s objectives i. Ensure the safety of the reservoirs and the key works. ii. Improve irrigation efficiency, effectively exploit the existing irrigation works for intensive cultivation, increase productivity and quality of products, strongly develop specialized areas of high yielding and high economic value, and maximize potential of agricultural land in the region. iii. Reduce water loss, to ensure the water demand for people's life, the development of local industries, and socio-economic development in the subproject area in particular and Ninh Binh province in general. iv. Create natural landscape, improve ecological environment, promote tourism development in the region. 2.2 Locations of subproject implementation The repair and upgrading of 07 reservoirs in Ninh Binh province at the locations mentioned below. Table 2. 1: Locations of 07 reservoirs in the subproject area Level Location of Name of Construction coordinates No. of North latitude East longitude reservoirs sites works Yen Yen Quang, Reservoir bed 1 IV 572,878.69 2,246,416.36 Quang 1 Nho Quan Phu Long, Reservoir bed 2 Da Lai II 585,014.52 2,236,923.57 Nho Quan Dong Quynh Luu, Reservoir bed 3 IV 586,639.95 2,236,950.09 Liem Nho Quan Vuon Gia Son, Reservoir bed 4 IV 579,645.55 2,257,347.94 Dieu Nho Quan Thach Binh, Reservoir bed 5 Bai Long IV 573,864.04 2,256,746.95 Nho Quan Thach Binh, Reservoir bed 6 Dam Mo IV 574,706.37 2,254,416.55 Nho Quan Quang Son, Reservoir bed 7 Nui Va III 586,204,14 2,231,197.31 Tam Diep Source: Feasibility Study Report - WB8 Ninh Binh subproject 11 Figure 2. 1. Locations of subproject reservoirs 12 2.3 Status of works and construction methods Table 2. 2. Summary of current reservoirs and construction works of the subproject Locations Current status of items Poposed Construction items Pictures 1. Yen Quang The reservoir was built in 1969, with a capacity of 0.9 Main dam: stabilize the dam crest elevation at reservoir, Yen million m3, irrigating 234.5 hectares of downstream 18.5m; widen the dam surface downstream; the Quang commune, land and preventing floods. crest width will be 5m; solidify the dam Nho Quan district surface with concrete M25 and 0.2m thick. Main dam: Dam crest is small and narrow; Geographical downstream slopes are rug, settled; in some sections At downstream slope, excavate old soil, fill coordinate: at the seepages from slope appear; there are no drainage organic soil, plant grass to protect the slope, reservoir bed utilities; in some sections mounds like termite nests complete drainage system, and install water- 572.878.69 North appear. level monitoring, displacement and latitude, permeability monitoring equipment. Dam separating reservoir: Water was once spilled 2,246,416.36 East over and damaged the dam; upstream and downstream Dam separating reservoir: maintain the longitude, far from slopes are slipped; dam crest is small and narrow; elevation, widen the dam surface B = 5m, Nho Quan district upstream and downstream slopes are too steep; dam build breakwaters, and reinforce upstream and center about 5.5km surface concrete is damaged. downstream slopes. Spillway: The spillway does not drain effectively Spillway: maintain the status; install (water was once spilled over the dam separating regulating culvert with 3m-wide valve gates reservoir ); spillway inlet is filled; spillway is and free spillway B = 28m; build a bridge seriously seepage; both walls adjacent to dam, which crossing spillway by reinforced concrete, 5m leads to the downstream flood discharge canal, are wide, 96.4m long. heavily damaged with sedimentation and poor It ensures that the flow frequency and drainage; there is no bridge over the spillway. In flood maximum water level are checked according to seasons, water flowing through the spillway the WB's requirements: Qkt(0.01%): endangers people’s traveling between the two sides of 185,265m3/s. the reservoir. Water intake culvert: rebuild 2 broken Regarding the flood drainage capacity, the current culverts. spillway ensures the flood drainage, if we calculate the flood regulation for the current scale of spillway Management house: build 1-storey concrete + taking into account the flood drainage through the brick house, with an area of 76m2. dam surface when big floods come. Water intake culvert: working normally. 13 Locations Current status of items Poposed Construction items Pictures There are no management area and monitoring equipment. 2. Da Lai reservoir, The reservoir was built in 1986; the capacity is 2.5 Main dam:maintain the height of the dam Phu Long commune, million m3, irrigating 253.3 hectares of arable land. crest at 29.4m; extend the dam downstream to Nho Quan district B = 6m; solidify the dam surface with concrete Main dam: The width of the dam surface is not even; M25 and 0.2m thick; repair damaged Geographical the dam surface is not reinforced and is muddy and breakwater. repair damaged upstream slope coordinate: at the bumpy; stone breakwater collapses; the downstream sections; at downstream slope, excavate old reservoir bed: slope is not even with some deep settlements in some soil, fill organic soil, plant grass to protect the 585,014.52 North sections due to the flow of seepage on the dam slope, complete drainage system, and install latitude, downstream slope and impacts of grazing cattle; stone water-level monitoring, displacement and 2,236,923.57 East prisms in some sections are subsided and damaged; permeability monitoring equipment. longitude, far from and in some sections mounds like termite nests Nho Quan district appear. Spillway: build spillway head and energy center about 19km dissipation tank (practical spillway); reinforced Spillway: The spillway does not drain effectively; concrete structure; elevation at spillway weight upstream and downstream canals are filled; there is no is 26.9m, B = 40m, L = 8m; widen spillway bridge; the upstream slope adjacent to the earth dam is slope on hill to drain flood water. partially damaged; the spillway weight at concrete joints is eroded, cracked and grass grows. The Water intake culvert: build new bridge; downstream discharge canal is filled with sediment elevate the valve tower as high as the crest and some sections of the canal slope has not been level; build valve house; build downstream synchronized with stone structure. box culvert. Regarding the flood drainage capacity, the current It ensures that the flow frequency and spillway does not ensure the flood drainage maximum water level are checked according to corresponding to the maximum water level checked, P the WB's requirements: Qkt(0.01%): = 0.01%, according to the calculation results. 460,966m3/s. Water intake culvert: No slope for 2 flat valves Management road: widen and consolidate the upstream. structure with concrete M25, L = 683.1m, B = 3.5 + 0.75x2. Management road: Small, muddy when it rains. There is no monitoring equipment. 14 Locations Current status of items Poposed Construction items Pictures 3. Dong Liem The reservoir was built in 1972; the capacity is 0.45 Main dam: elevate dam crest at 19.8m; fill reservoir, Quynh million m3, irrigating 88.5 hectares of arable land; downstream of B = 5m; solidify the dam Luu commune, Nho flood control and water supply. surface with concrete M25 and 0.2m thick; Quan district build breakwater; reinforce the upstream slope Dam crest: small and narrow; surface structure, with M20 reinforced. concrete panels and filter Geographical upstream and downstream slopes are muddy, settled floor; at downstream slope, excavate old soil, coordinate: at the and deformed; upstream and downstream slopes are fill organic soil, plant grass to protect the reservoir bed: covered with shrubs; there are no drainage utilities; slope, complete drainage system, and install 586,639.95 North and in some sections mounds like termite nests water-level monitoring, displacement and latitude, appear. permeability monitoring equipment. 2,236,950.09 East Spillway: Concrete pipes, D600, small cross-section, longitude, far from Spillway: newly built with reinforced concrete do not drain effectively and overflows making it Nho Quan district box culvert, dimensions of 5x2.6m, length of difficult and dangerous for the transport in the area center about 16km 10.2m, height of culvert bottom of 15.5m. during rainy seasons. The downstream drainage canal is filled with sediment causing obstructions to the It ensures that the flow frequency and water flow. maximum water level are checked according to the WB's requirements: Qkt(0.01%): Regarding the flood drainage capacity, the size and 75,398m3/s. scale of the current spillway does not ensure the flood drainage corresponding to the calculation results as Water intake culvert: build new water-intake regulated. culverts with reinforced concrete pipe structure, dimension D = 0.6m, with Water intake culvert: located on the left bank of the downstream regulating valve. dam and seriously degraded; the cracked concrete exposes steel; the culvert upstream is filled; the Management road: widen and consolidate the downstream is overgrown with trees; the valve gate is structure with concrete M25, L = 1047.6m, B rusty, leaks and causes water loss and difficult to = 3.5 + 0.75x2. operate. Management house: newly built. There are no management area. Management road: small, narrow, and muddy when it rains. There is no monitoring equipment. 15 Locations Current status of items Poposed Construction items Pictures 3 4. Vuon Dieu The capacity is 0.74 million m , irrigating 240 Main dam: elevate dam crest at 8.9m; widen reservoir, Gia Son hectares of arable land and flood control. dam surface B = 5m; fill downstream commune, Nho structure; at downstream slope, excavate old Dam crest: non-heterogeneous widths; some sections Quan district soil, fill organic soil, plant grass to protect the do not meet the requirements; in the upstream slope, slope, complete drainage system, and install Geographical some sections are reinforced with riprap stone and water-level monitoring, displacement and coordinate: at the some sections are not; there are no drainage utilities; permeability monitoring equipment. reservoir bed: and the coefficients of upstream/downstream slopes 579,645.55 North are variable. Spillway: build spillway on existing route with latitude, reinforced concrete structure M25; reinforce Spillway: made of masonry stone, wrapped with 01 2,257,347.94 East downstream with stone masonry of 10m long. layer of 10-15 cm thick of concrete. The spillway has longitude, far from been seriously damaged, is leaking in many sections It ensures that the flow frequency and Nho Quan district and unable to retain water. The drainage canal is maximum water level are checked according to center about 15km flaking but is not filled and ensures the flood the WB's requirements: Qkt(0.1%): 76,848m3/s. drainage. The spillway has no working bridge. The Water intake culvert: build new water-intake calculation shows that the spillway does not guarantee culvert on existing route, reinforced steel pipe the emergency flood drainage. structure, opening/closing with valve in the Water intake culvert: across the regular water level downstream valve-house. (due to the high height of irrigation areas and Management house: newly built. downstream canals), so it is required to pump from the reservoir into the upstream tank of the culvert, when getting water into the culvert, then water flows through the culvert into the irrigation canals; the steel culvert body is damaged. There are no management area. There is no monitoring equipment. 16 Locations Current status of items Poposed Construction items Pictures 5. Bai Long The reservoir was built in 1962; the capacity is 0.45 Main dam: stabilize the dam crest elevation at reservoir, Thach million m3, irrigating 100 hectares of arable land and 30m; build dam crest curb at downstream with Binh commune, Nho flood control; in 1971, the reservoir broken and local concrete M25 with 0.4m high; extend dam B = Quan district people repaired it but it still leaks and lost water. 5m; solidify the dam surface with concrete M25 and 0.2m thick; reinforce upstream slope Geographical Dam crest: small and narrow; the dam surface and with M25 reinforced concrete panels; at coordinate: at the upstream/downstream slopes are not reinforced and downstream slope, excavate old soil, fill reservoir bed: covered with trees (including large timber trees); there organic soil, plant grass to protect the slope, 573,864.04 North are no drainage utilities; upstream/downstream lost complete drainage system, and install water- latitude, 573,864.04 foot; and mounds like termite nests appear. level monitoring, displacement and East longitude, far Spillway: the current spillway is soil spillway and permeability monitoring equipment. from Nho Quan partially encroached for planting trees, affecting the district center about Spillway: widen spillway on the existing old flood drainage and safety for the construction works. 11.5km soil route, with 02 gates, the dimension of each The drainage canal is filled with overgrown trees and gate is 2.25x2.2m, reinforced concrete unable to ensure flood drainage. structure, L = 10m; build energy dissipation Water intake culvert: the current concrete culvert is tank with reinforced concrete M25; reinforce seriously degraded: the culvert inlet is filled with downstream yard. sediment; the culvert body and gate-valve are It ensures that the flow frequency and seriously damaged. maximum water level are checked according to There are no management area. the WB's requirements: Qkt(0.1%): 25,369m3/s. Management road: small, narrow, and muddy when Water intake culvert: build new water-intake it rains. culvert at the current location, reinforced concrete structure M25, diameter D = 0.6m; There is no monitoring equipment. build valve control house. Management road: widen and consolidate the structure with concrete M25, L = 115.52m, B = 3.5 + 0.75x2. 17 Locations Current status of items Poposed Construction items Pictures 6. Dam Mo The reservoir was built in 1960; the capacity is 0.22 Soil dam: stabilize the dam crest elevation at reservoir, Thach million m3, irrigating 50 hectares of arable land and 26.6m; widen the dam surface downstream of Binh commune, Nho flood control. B=5m; solidify the dam surface with concrete Quan district M25 and 0.2m thick; build breakwater; Dam crest: small and narrow; the dam surface is not reinforce upstream slope with M25 reinforced Geographical solid; upstream slope is eroded in many sections. The concrete panels; reinforce downstream slope; coordinate: East dam crest is not reinforced; the downstream slope and complete drainage system, and install longitude, far from trees and grass are overgrown; there are no drainage water-level monitoring, displacement and Nho Quan district utilities; and in some sections mounds like termite permeability monitoring equipment. center about 10km nests appear. Spillway: build new spillway and energy Spillway: the status been damaged, flaked, and unable dissipation tank by reinforced concrete to ensure flood drainage. There is no bridge. The (practical spillway); spillway length is 36m; canal and downstream are all filled with overgrown rebuild spillway slope 1 with reinforced trees. The spillway does not guarantee the emergency concrete structure, L = 15m. flood drainage. It ensures that the flow frequency and Water intake culvert: reinforced concrete D300 has maximum water level are checked according to been seriously damaged, difficult operation, large the WB's requirements: Qkt(0.1%): 27,49m3/s. water losses, very low water supply efficiency. Water intake culvert: build new water-intake Management road: small, narrow, and muddy when culvert at the current route; the structure is it rains. steel pipe covered with reinforced concrete There are no management area. M25, diameter D = 0.6m. There is no monitoring equipment. Management road: widen and consolidate the structure with concrete M25, L = 731m, B = 3.5 + 0.75x2. 18 Locations Current status of items Poposed Construction items Pictures 3 7. Nui Va reservoir, Regulating floods; capacity of 5 million m Soil dam: Stabilize the dam crest of 74.3m; Quang Son extend the dam surface downstream B = 5m; Dam crest: small and narrow; the dam surface and commune, Tam Diep solidify the dam surface with concrete M25 the upstream/downstream slopes are not solid with district and 0.2m thick; reinforce the upstream slope overgrown trees; and in some sections mounds like with M25 reinforced concrete panels; reinforce Geographical termite nests appear. downstream slope; and complete drainage coordinate: at the Spillway: currently, the spillway weight is partly system, and install water-level monitoring, reservoir bed: encroached for husbandry. According to calculations, displacement and permeability monitoring 586,204.14 North the current spillway still ensures the emergency flood equipment. latitude, drainage. 2,231,197.31 East Spillway: handle encroachment of ROW and longitude, far from Management road small, narrow, and muddy when it clean the site. Tam Diep city about rains. It ensures that the flow frequency and 10km. There is no monitoring equipment. maximum water level are checked according to the WB's requirements: Qkt(0.1%): 65,536m3/s. Management road: widen and consolidate the structure with concrete M25, L = 896.82m, B = 3.5 + 0.75x2. 19 2.4 Material quantity and machinery mobilization 2.4.1.Raw materials and chemicals to be used Raw materials and fuel for construction include: - Filling soil: As the Subproject upgrades and repairs works only, the quantity of soil material is not high. In this period, because of lacking surveying soil material mines, the Design Consultant has temporarily used purchased soil for calculation. After approving the subproject, the design stage will start, the subProject Owner are requested to allow surveying soil material mines to serve the construction of works. - Waste disposal sites: Including excess soil, dredging reservoir bed (if any), and construction waste. - Purchased materials: The quantity of sand and stones are not high, the Design Consultant recommends using purchased materials. According to the surveys, there are many companies that provide sand and stones with suitable reserves and quality for the design requirements. - Conditions for supplying materials and equipment: In addition to soil, sand and stones, other materials and equipment are mainly purchased in the centers of Nho Quan and Tam Diep districts. The minutes of disposal site agreement are attached in the Appendix of this report. 2.4.2. Mobilization of vehicles and machinery for construction The number of vehicles and machinery mobilized to the subproject items depends on the schedules of various work-items and construction times on site. In order to meet the construction progress and to complete the volume of works and based on the terrain of the site and the nature of work and the sources of material supply, it is estimated to arrange the main equipment for embankment and dam construction like dump-truck 5T, dump-truck 7T, excavator 0.83-1.25m3, roller, tamper, bulldozer 110CV, 250-500 mobile concrete mixer etc. The details are in the table below. Table 2. 3. List of machinery and equipment for estimated for each work-item Unit Quantity No. Type of equipment Total Use Reserve 1 Excavators, 1.25 m3 Each 2 1 3 2 Dump trucks, 7T Each 6 2 8 3 Bulldozers, 110CV Each 2 1 3 4 Mobile concrete mixers, 250-500 liters Each 2 1 3 5 Concrete compactors of all kinds Each 4 2 6 6 Soil compactors, 9T Each 2 1 3 7 Tampers Each 3 1 4 8 Oil tanker trucks, 5m3 Each 1 0 1 9 Water tanker trucks, 5m3 Each 1 0 1 10 Semi-trailers, 40 tons Each 1 0 1 11 Iron cutting machines Each 1 1 2 12 Iron bending machines Each 1 1 2 20 13 Sawing machines Each 1 1 2 14 Planers Each 1 1 2 21 Concrete mixing trucks 6m3/h Each 4 1 5 Source: Feasibility Study Report - WB8 Ninh Binh subproject 2.4.3. Material quantity The construction quantiy of 07 reservoirs is shown in the table below. Table 2. 4. Summary of construction material quantity Yen Dong Vuon Bai Dam Nui No. Material Unit Quang Da Lai Liem Dieu Long Mo Va Excavation of vegetation and 5,764 4,099. 1,135. 1,538. 1 m3 21,071.8 5,210.0 262.2 weathering .2 2 0 0 soil layer Demolition of 2 m3 1,921.9 1,331.1 26.4 brick - - - - Demolition of 3 m3 1,809.8 1,298.6 56.7 27.3 34.2 concrete - - Excavation of 3,678 2,494. 1,384. 2,369. 4 m3 2,590.9 8,914.0 945.7 soil .0 8 0 0 Stones of all 12,046. 4,117 8,130. 1,497. 1,427. 13,592 5 m3 kinds 9,207 5 ,1 3 9 2 .7 12,210 3,016. 3,838. 6 Backfill soil m3 41,932.1 19.2 - - .4 1 9 Sand of all 3,388. 2,959. 7 m3 3,968.3 4,251.8 539.7 876.2 749.7 kinds 5 1 Steel of all 69,16 24,950 34,850 39,798 8 kg 93,293.1 kinds 423,313 7.7 .1 .9 .1 63,629 1,054 260,59 393,73 509,06 9 Cement of all 2,414,3 1,601, 1,876,278 ,632 9 2 2 kinds kg 84 307 6,311. 10 6,620.0 Bricks unit - - 0 12,622 6,311 6,311 7,839.7 5,764 4,182. 1,162. 1,572. 24,803.4 262.15 Total 3 .16 21 27 18 (Source: Feasibility Study Report - WB8 Ninh Binh subproject, 6/2019) 2.5 Auxiliary works 2.5.1 Electricity, water for construction and living The focal works are built in the areas where grid electricity supply is available, so it is possible to use local power sources to serve the construction and living activities on site. As the use of electricity for operation and management is not much, it is not necessary to connect the electric grid but use diesel generators on site for construction to save costs. Pumps are used to intake water from the reservoirs to contain tanks at construction site. Depending on the quality of the reservoir water, treatment measures will be used by filtering tanks to ensure water quality for domestic use and concrete mixing. 2.5.2 Demand for workers’ houses and camps The largest number of workers mobilized in the working area of each reservoir where there are the subproject's works is expected to be about 50 people divided into groups to do different jobs. However, this number may vary from time to time on site, depending on the construction 21 progress. These workers are mainly managers and skilled workers, and for simple work items local workers are hired. Accordingly, construction activities will require a workforce of about 350 people for 7 work-items, in which the number of local workers accounts for 40% equivalent to 140 people, about local 20 workers per work-item. The construction time of each item is not long, so for some works it is expected to rent local premises or houses in each area to arrange for workers’ staying to ensure environmental sanitation and living conditions. Material sites are arranged near workers’ living areas for convenient protection of properties. Temporary shelters are equipped with toilets according to the requirements of QCVN 01:2011/BYT on standard toilets. Personal activities are in the worker living areas. 2.5.3 Disposal sites, soil borrow pits The disposal sites are located in commune planning areas and permitted by local authorities, households, and PPMU. The locations are suitable and convenient for transportation with least impacts on environment and people. The locations of borrow pits for the subproject are approved and licensed by the People's Committee of Ninh Binh province. Soil materials in the construction items are exploited in the available borrow pits according to the planning of the PPC, meeting the conditions of safety and environmental protection. The specific locations are as follows. 22 Table 2. 5. Locations of dumping sites, soil pits for 07 reservoirs Works Disposal sites Pictures of locations of disposal sites Notes 1. Bai Tien Phong football There is written Long field, about 2.8km from agreement between the reservoir the subproject location. PPMU and local Estimated disposal site authorities and relevant is 2,000m2. units (Appendix 6). Transport route: the reservoir management and operation road and concrete road Cat.4. 2. Da Village 5 stadium, the There is written Lai distance to the agreement between the reservoir subproject is about 7.42 PPMU and local km. authorities and relevant Estimated disposal site units (Appendix 6). is 5,000m2. Transportation route: NH45, reservoir-dam operation management road, and inter- commune road. 23 Works Disposal sites Pictures of locations of disposal sites Notes 3. Dam Thach Binh Commune There is written Mo People's Committee agreement between the reservoir football ground, about PPMU and local 2.3km from the authorities and relevant subproject. units (Appendix 6). Estimated disposal site is estimated at 5,000m2. Transportation route: Inter-village concrete road and the operation management road. 4. Dong The disposal site is in There is written Liem an afforestation area agreement between the reservoir managed by the PPMU and local People's Committee of authorities and relevant Quynh Luu Commune; units (Appendix 6). about 2.15km from the construction site. The site is estimated at 2,000m2 from the Work. Transportation route: NH12B, Inter-commune concrete road Cat.4, and the operation management road. 24 Works Disposal sites Pictures of locations of disposal sites Notes 5. Nui The disposal site is in There is written Va an indigo forest (the ore agreement between the reservoir exploitation mine which PPMU and local has been expired and is authorities and relevant managed by the units (Appendix 6). People's Committee of Quang Son commune), the distance to the site is 8.1 km. The site is estimated at 10,000m2. Transportation route: The inter-commune concrete road and the operation management road. 6. Vuon The disposal site is in There is written Dieu an exploited material agreement between the reservoir mine - Hoang Long PPMU and local brick factory. authorities and relevant The distance to the units (Appendix 6). subproject is 1km. The site is estimated at 2,000m2. Transportation route: PR.479, inter-commune road, and the operation management road. 25 Works Disposal sites Pictures of locations of disposal sites Notes 7. Yen The disposal sites are There is written Quang located in the center of agreement between the reservoir Yen Quang commune PPMU and local sports ground and in authorities and relevant Yen Thinh village. units (Appendix 6). The average transport distance is about 1.2km and 2.5km. The disposal site areas are 8,000m2 and 3,000m2 respectively. Transportation route: NH12B, inter-commune concrete road, and the operation management road. 26 2.5.4 Construction roads The construction conditions of the works are relatively good and convenient for transportation. At all works, there are access roads to the reservoirs, meeting the demand for transporting materials during the construction in the communes. Road to Vuon Dieu reservoir Road to Yen Quang 1 reservoir Road to Da Lai reservoir Figure 2. 2. The local road status 2.6 Pre-construction activities Prior to the construction, there are some works like surveying topography, hydrology, meteorological conditions, geological drilling, land acquisition marking, and demining. Within the framework of the subproject, there will be a small quantity of waste generated from the demolition of some existing structures for new construction like culverts and flood spillways. This quantity will be gathered by the contractors and transported to the disposal sites in accordance with the local permission. The vegetation clearing is carried out by the households that have affected trees and crops. Waste from vegetation clearing will be collected and transported to the communal dump sites by affected households. The repairing and constructing dam works will include the earthwork, thus, to ensure safety and avoid explosive materials (UXO) left from wars, the demining (mine clearance) will be organized by professional units. The designs will provide options that take into account climate change scenarios and risks on the performance of the construction items of the subproject. The study on the climate change factors is presented in the section: The Recent Status of the subproject Area, as a basis for selecting optimal design options. Recent impacts of climate change in the region is mainly relating to the precipitation that results in floods, landslides and droughts. 2.7 Material transportation plan Construction materials will be gathered to site about 01 week before the starting of the construction. Construction materials will be transported at certain periods of time to avoid negative impacts on agricultural activities and the daily lives of local people. Workers, machines and materials are estimated in the sections above. 2.8. Seepage treatment by grouting drilling technique The cement grout drilling method to create waterproofing membrane for dam body, dam base, reinforcing base to improve the bearing capacity and permeability is selected to treat permeability of the dams: Yen Quang 1, Da Lai and Dong Liem. The grouting technical standards applied for the subproject comply with National Standard TCVN 8644:2011 - Irrigation works - Technical requirements of dike reinforcement grouting. The above dams are repaired or upgraded works which should be within the application scope of TCVN8644: 2011 as follows: - It is necessary to arrange ground and space suitable for the grouting drilling technology. If grouting drilling is carried out in underground corridors, such corridors must be high 27 enough for arranging drilling equipment, humus troughs and erosion-erecting equipment to transport drilling mud to gathering places. - Cement grouting must be carried out before water is raised. If grouting drilling is carried out when the water level has been raised, the effect of the water column must be considered on the effectiveness of the grouting drilling and appropriate measures must be taken. - Cement grouting must be completed before the construction of drainage works within the affection scale of boreholes or measures to prevent drainage works from being clogged with the grouting solution must be taken. - When grouting drilling is implemented through concrete joints, measures must be taken to prevent the cement solution from penetrating to harden the joints. 2.9 Operational and maintenance activities Periodic dam safety monitoring: After the reservoirs are filled with water and the dams start working, the dam-owners are responsible for the dam safety monitoring. This assignment is carried out by qualified independent experts who are not engaged in the investigation, survey, design, construction or operation of the dams. After the dams regularly operate, the monitoring stages are kept periodically, including the safety inspections prior and after flood seasons every year in accordance with the Government Decree No.114/2018/ND-CP on the dam and reservoir safety management. Upon completion of the works, the operation of the dams will be the responsibility of the dam owners and the responsibility of the PPMU will end. The reservoir and valve operation process: The dam-owners shall develop reservoir water regulation procedures to regulate the storage and discharge of water in normal and emergency conditions of dams and reservoirs to submit to authorized state management agency for approval and organize the implementation of the approved procedures. The dam-owners shall prepare and submit documents on operational procedures of valves and each work (hereafter referred to as operation of works) to the authorities for promulgation according to their competence. Other operations should be addressed pursuant to the Government's Decree No.114/2018/ND-CP on the dam and reservoir safety management. 2.10 Dam Safety Plan A Dam Safety Report (DSR) will be prepared for the subproject. The objectives of the DSR are to present, analyse and make recommendations on: a) all conditions that may affect the safety of the dams and its associated facilities; b) impacts of the dam or substructure breaking or unable to work due to harsh natural conditions, human errors or structural faults; and c) the institutional framework (at the present time and in the future) necessary to avoid or minimize adverse conditions for the safety of the dams. After the completion of the review at the subproject screening stage, the MARD-CPMU should provide a DSR for each subproject which is identified during the project implementation stage and sent to the International Dam Safety Panel of Experts (PoE) and the World Bank for review. The reports must include findings and recommendations for any relating safety issues and necessary actions to be taken. The dam safety measures should be integrated into the designs, construction and operation of the reservoirs. According to the survey and analysis, in the event of dam failure, about 1087 people and many other structures will be affected as follows: - Yen Quang reservoir: The affected area lies in Yen Quang commune, Nho Quan district with the affected population of about 600 people in 130 households. The infrastructure includes 1 electric station, many level-IV houses and irrigation system. 28 - Da Lai reservoir: The affected area lies in Phu Long commune, Nho Quan district with the affected population of about 2700 people in 650 households. The infrastructure includes 5 electric stations, 1 telecommunications station, 1 office building, 1 hospital, 4 schools, many level-IV houses and irrigation system. - Dong Liem reservoir: Dong Liem downstream is a plain of Quynh Luu commune, where National Highway 12B is running through, so the population is crowded. If dam failure occurs, approximately 300 households and 30 workshops are directly affected. - Vuon Dieu reservoir: Vuon Dieu downstream is a very large field. The population is densely populated on high hills, so it is less affected if dam failure occurs. If dam failure occurs, about 4 households, 6 solidified grade-4 houses near the downstream of the dam will be directly affected. - Bai Long reservoir: The area affected by the dam downstream is located in Thach Binh commune, Nho Quan district. However, because the downstream is a low and vacant terrain and the population is concentrated on high hillsides, it is less directly affected when dam failure occurs in rainy seasons. If a dam failure occurs, only 2 households and 2 solidified grade-4 houses near the downstream are directly affected. - Dam Mo reservoir: Dam Mo downstream is a very large field. The population is sparsely populated on high hills, so they are less affected if dam failure occurs. In particular, the directly affected area has 1 household with 1 solidified grade-4 house near the dam downstream. Nui Va reservoir: The downstream area is a large farm of Dong Giao, with no population living downstream, so it is less affected if dam failure occurs. No household will be directly affected if dam failure occurs.Review and analysis of dam structure safety: The review and evaluation of the dams and relating works will include, but is not limited to, the following: - Review of baseline geological documents and material sources, with the attention to potential adverse effects that may occur due to the predictable geological features. Assessment of unforeseen conditions and counter measures to address the safety and operation of the dams and the works. - Assessment of the suitability of the types of dams and spillways, the response of the dam design. They include the proposed measures for soil treatment, excavation, load characteristics of selected substrate, permeability and pressure exertion control measures. The safety point of view for any abnormalities or omissions and measures to be taken will be paid attention to. - Assessment of the stability, strength analysis and safety factors in normal conditions, abnormal and extreme load conditions for soil dams and concrete dams, spillway structure and drainage works, including the determination of geological impact criteria. - Consideration of the factors of like reservoir stability, landslide formation, waves, and wave effects on dam stability. - Consideration of the hydrological calculation method that determines the design flood of the project, reservoirs and spillway size; review of the designs of the spillways, e.g. the flow conditions and the tilling basins; assessment of the discharge capacity of the spillways corresponding to all design flood indicators that dams will not be damaged. - Considerations for the water intake and discharge works, including hydraulic designs, emergency dewatering capacity and sedimentation process in the reservoirs. - Assessment of the design of the spillways and out-door controls, including the selection of the number and types of outlets and valves, lifting equipment and other controlling 29 mechanisms. Particular attention should be given to back-up systems to operate spillways which have gates and draining facilities in the event of operational and power failure. - Review of the design of the flow diversion works, construction progress, hydrology and the risk factors associated with the flow diversion during the flow construction and filling process at the beginning stage of the reservoir water accumulation. - Consideration of the suitability of the instrumentation, especially those instruments or markers which are required in the prediction of serious hazards or dam breakage. - Consideration of the operation and maintenance procedures and the emergency response plan of the dam owners, including the assessment of subproject operation and maintenance factors relating to dam safety and operators’ capacity assessment to be able to perform the maintenance and inspections of the safety of the dams. Review and assessment of dam safety risks: In addition to ensuring the dam's structure safety, the subproject will assess potential risks of the dams to the population and the environment in downstream areas, including the relating works. Dam breakage may not occur but if it happens consequences will be serious. Regarding this content, during the project preparation, as part of the DSR or environmental and social management plan, the Project Owner of the subproject should conduct assessing potential risks to the downstream population. For large dams with high- risks, it needs to acquire comprehensive data during the preparation process, including topographic survey and downstream land use to simulate a downstream dam and flood breakdown under different conditions/scenarios to serve the preparation of the emergency response plans. Collecting data from upstream dams and/or watershed activities may also be necessary for some dams. Planning and implementing capacity building programs for the subprojects with pilot activities to promote active participation of local communities should be considered. Communities around the dams can participate in day-to-day monitoring to protect the dams from external destructors and they can join simple maintenance tasks. A community participatory model in dam safety activities should be considered. Sedimentation and contamination of upstream water may be a serious problem for some river basins. The dam owners must commit to allocate funds for appropriate dam operation and management and to periodically survey dam safety. 2.11 Construction plan and cost Construction cost: VND 165,139,265,000 Total investment: VND 219,530,000,000 Construction duration: 24 months Signing construction contract and starting construction: 12/2020 Completion of construction: 06/2022. 30 CHAPTER III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 3.1 Government regulations Laws - Law on Environmental Protection No.55/2014/QH13 issued by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 23/06/2014 and effective since July 2015. - Law on Natural Disaster Prevention No.33/2013/QH13 approved by the National Assembly of Vietnam on June 19, 2013. - Law on Water Resources No.17/2012/QH13 by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 21 June 2012. - Law on Biological Diversity No.20/2008/QH12 issued by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 13 November 2008. - Land Law No. 45/2013/QH13 promulgated by the National Assembly on November 29, 2013. - Law on Construction No.50/2014/QH13 by National Assembly, Session VII, on June 18, 2014; - Law on Road Traffic No.23/2008/QH12 issued on 13/11/2008; - Labor Law No. 45/2019/QH14 dated November 20, 2019 by the National Assembly of Vietnam; - Law on Complaint No.02/2007/QH13 issued on 11/11/2011; - Law on Cultural Heritage No.10/VBHN-VPQH issued on 23/07/2013; - Law on Labor Safety and Health No.84/2015/QH13 issued on 25/06/2015; - Law on Dykes No.79/2006/QH07 issued on November 29, 2006; - Law on Irrigation No.08/2017/QH14 was approved by the National Assembly on 19/06/2017; - Forestry Law No. 16/2017/QH14 dated November 15, 2017 by the National Assembly of Vietnam; - Law on Plant Protection and Quarantine No.41/2013/QH13 issued on 25/07/2013; - Gender Equality Law No. 73/2006/QH11, promulgated by the National Assembly of Vietnam on November 29, 2006. Decrees - Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP dated May 13, 2019, amending and supplementing a number of articles of the decrees detailing and guiding the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection. - Decree No.38/2015/ND-CP dated 24/04/2015 by the Government on waste management and waste material. - Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP dated 14/02/2015 by the Government on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan. - Decree No.44/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government on land prices. 31 - Decree No.47/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government providing the regulations on the compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land. - Decree No.155/2016/ND-CP dated 18/11/2016 of the Government, providing for the sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection. - Decree No.25/2013/ND-CP dated March 29, 2013 of the Government on environmental protection charges for wastewater. - Decree No.67/2012/ND-CP of the Government, amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government's Decree No.143/2003/ND-CP of November 28, 2003, detailing the implementation of Article of the Ordinance on the exploitation and protection of irrigation works. - Decree No.112/2008/ND-CP dated October 20, 2008 of the Government on the general management, protection and exploitation of natural resources and the environment of hydroelectric and irrigation reservoirs. - Decree No.113/2010/ND-CP dated December 3, 2010 of the Government stipulating the determination of damage to the environment. - Decree No.120/2008/ND-CP dated 01/12/2008 of the Government on river basin management; - Decree No. 114/2018/ND-CP dated 04/09/2018 of the Government on safety management of dams and reservoirs. Circulars - Circular No. 25/2019/TT-BTNMT dated December 31, 2019 of the Ministry of Natural Resources detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the Government's Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP of May 13, 2019 amending and supplementing a number of articles of decrees detailing and guiding the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection and the regulation on management of environmental monitoring activities. - Circular No.36/2014/TT-BTNMT dated 30/06/2014 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, detailing methods of land valuation; building and adjusting the land price table, specific land prices and land pricing consultancy. - Circular No.37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated 30/06/2014 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, providing detailed regulations on compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land. - Circular No.30/2014/TT-BTNMT on land allocation, land lease, change of land use purpose, land acquisition. - Circular No.36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30/06/2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on the management of hazardous waste. - Circular No. 04/2017/TT-BXD issued by the Ministry of Construction on March 30, 2017. - Circular No.19/2007/BYT-TT dated 06/06/2007 of the Ministry of Health, guiding the management of labor hygiene, health of workers and occupational diseases. - Circular No.13/2007/TT-BXD dated 31/12/2007, guiding a number of articles of Government's Decree No.59/2007/ND-CP dated April 9, 2007 on solid waste management. - Circular No.34/2006/TT-BCT dated 07 October 2006 of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, regulating the dam safety management of hydropower projects. 32 - Circular No. 05/2018/TT-BNNPTNT dated May 15, 2018 detailing a number of articles of the Law on Irrigation (replacing Circular No. 65/2009/TT-BNNPTNT of October 12, 2009 and Circular No. 75/2004)/TT-BNN dated 20/12/2004). Decisions - Decision No.52/2012/QD-TTg dated 16/11/2012 of the Prime Minister on the policy to support job creation and vocational training for laborers whose agricultural land is acquired. - Decision No.3733/2002/QD-BYT dated 10/10/2002, issuing 21 labor sanitation standards, 05 principles and 07 labor sanitation criteria. - Government Directive in Document No.21/CT-TTg dated 14 October 2013 on strengthening the management of reservoir safety. Applicable standards - QCVN 01-1: 2018/BYT: National technical regulation on quality of clean water used for domestic purposes; - - QCVN 01: 2011/BYT - National technical regulation on latrines - Hygienic conditions; - QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality; - QCVN 09-MT 2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on groundwater quality. - QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater. - QCVN 40: 2007/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial wastewater quality. - QCVN 38: 2007/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality to protect aquatic life. - QCVN 03-MT: 2015/BTNTM: National technical regulation on allowable limit of some heavy metals in soil. - QCVN 15: 2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on pesticide residues in the soil. - QCVN 43: 2012/BTNMT: National technical regulation on sediment quality. - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on Ambient Air Quality. - QCVN 06: 2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air. - QCVN 26: 2006/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise. - QCVN 27: 2006/BTNMT: National technical regulation on vibration. - QCVN 07: 2009/BTNM: National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds. - QCVN 18: 2014/BXD: National technical regulation on construction safety. - QCVN 04 - 05:2012/BNNPTNT: National technical regulation on hydraulic structures on the design of irrigation works. - Other relevant technical standards and regulations. The legal documents of the competent authorities about the project - Pursuant to Loan Agreement No.5749-VN – Vietnam Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement, between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the World Bank (WB) on the project implementation financing (WB8). - Pursuant to the World Bank's Guidelines on Selection and Employment of Consultants (January 2011 version). 33 - Pursuant to Decision No.5095/QD-BNN-HTQT dated December 6, 2016 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, approving the amended Project Implementation Manual (PIM) for the "Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement” WB8 financed by the World Bank as attached to Decision No.2793 QD-BNN-HTQT dated 06/7/2016. - Pursuant to Decision No.4638/QD-BNN-HTQT dated 09/11/2015 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, approving the feasibility study report of the project "Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement" (WB8) funded by the World Bank. - Pursuant to Decision No.54/QD-BQL dated March 16, 2019 of the Agriculture and Rural Development Improvement Project Management Unit of Ninh Binh Province (PPMU Ninh Binh) approves the Term of Reference and the cost estimates for the preparation of the environmental and social safeguard policy for the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement subproject in Ninh Binh province. - Pursuant to Decision No.154/QD-BQL dated May 28, 2018 of the Agriculture and Rural Development Improvement Project Management Unit of Ninh Binh Province, for the preparation of the environmental and social safeguard policy for the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement subproject in Ninh Binh province. Compliance with the environmental and social impact assessment The subproject‘s environmental and social impact assessment will be carried out in accordance with the World Bank and the Government‘s environmental assessment procedures. In particular, it will be subject to the environmental and social management framework of the project that the WB reviewed and approved. Social and environmental screening will be conducted for each subproject to determine the appropriate size and type of the environmental assessment. Based on that, TOR will be prepared for environmental and social impact assessments in accordance with the subproject scope and the potential impacts expected from the subproject implementation. Environmental and social screening will be conducted by World Bank safeguard policy experts. The TOR for the environmental and social impact assessments will also be reviewed and approved by the World Bank Safegurd Policy Specialists prior to the implementation of the environmental and social impact assessments. In the process of the environmental and social impact assessment, consultations with affected people and local NGOs should be conducted. ESIA will be publicly available at the place of the subproject implementation in Vietnamese language so that affected people and local NGOs can easily access and the English version will be available on the WB‘s website before the appraisal of the subproject. 3.2 The World Bank’s safeguard policy The objective of these policies is to prevent and minimize impacts to people and natural environment in the development process. The safeguard policies provide basis for stakeholders’ participation in the project designs and act as an important tool for building ownership among local people. The effectiveness and development of the WB’s projects and programs has been increasing significantly as a result of attention to these policies. The World Bank's safeguard policies are available on the website at http://web.worldbank.org, where the environmental protection policies are published. 3.2.1 Project level The Project’s environmental and social screening has been in accordance with OP 4.01 and indicated that the World Bank's Safeguard Policies on Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04), Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10), Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11), Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12), Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37), Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) and Pest Management (OP 4.09) will be applied to this Project. According to the screening, the Project is evaluated under group A. In addition, it 34 needs to comply with the World Bank's requirements for community consultation and dissemination. 3.2.2 Subproject level Environmental safeguard policies: OP/BP 4.01 Environmental assessment OP 4.09 Pest Management OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams Social safeguard policies: OP/BP 4.10 Indigenous peoples OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary resettlement OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment This policy is going throughout the process of identifying, preventing and mitigating environmental and social potential negative impacts associated with the World Bank 's lending activities. In the work of the World Bank, the purpose of the environmental assessment is to improve decision making, ensure that the project options are being reviewed and sustainable and that the communities to be likely affected must be consulted. The Borrower is responsible for environmental assessment (EA) and the World Bank advises the Borrower at their request. The borrowing projects are proposed in four categories, depending on locations, sensitivity, scales of the projects, nature and extent of potential environmental impacts, including A, B, C and FI. This subproject activates OP 4.01 as it relates to the construction and operation that will have social environment potential negative impacts. Based on the results of the environmental screening, the subproject is classified B in terms of environment. As defined in OP 4.01 and the Government’s environmental assessment regulations, this ESIA is prepared for the subproject to meet the requirements of the Government’s regulations and the World Bank’s safeguard policies. Upon appraisal, the ESIA of this subproject will be publicly disclosed to the local people in the subproject area to ensure that affected people and local NGOs can access it easily and it will be disclosed through the World Bank website. OP 4.09 Pest management The purpose of the pest management policy is to minimize and manage environmental and health risks associated with the use of pesticides, to promote and support safe, effective and environmentally-friendly pest management. The purchase of pesticides in a WB-financed project must be assessed for the nature and extent of risks involved, taking into account the proposed and intended use. For pest management affecting one of the two sectors of agriculture or public health, WB supports a strategy to promote the use of biological control methods and reduce reliance synthetic chemical pesticides. In Bank-financed projects, the borrower addresses pest management issues in the context of the project's environmental assessment. In appraising a project that will involve pest management, the Bank will assess the capacity of the country's regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management. This subproject activates the policy because of the use of insecticides in termite treatment in dam bodies. OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams This policy is enabled for the whole project because of the safe operation of dams relating to the socio-economic development and environment. When borrowing from the World Bank for construction of new dams, a borrower must propose a dam safety policy based on opinions of experienced and responsible experts in charge of design and construction supervision and that borrower, by way of the dam safety measures, will implement them throughout the project cycle. 35 This policy also applies to the upgrading and improvement of existing dams, which affect the performance of a project. In this case, the dam safety assessment should be undertaken and additional dam safety measures should be proposed. OP 4.37 recommends that, in an appropriate circumstance, WB staff will discuss necessary measures with clients to strengthen institutional, legal and regulatory framework for dam safety programs of that countries. OP/BP 4.12 InVoluntary Resettlement The Involuntary Resettlement Policy is to address long-term difficulties, poverty and environmental impacts on affected people during a resettlement process. OP 4.12 applies to regardless of whether an affected person is relocated or not. The WB describes all processes and results of "involuntary resettlement" or simply resettlement, even when affected people are not required to relocate. The resettlement is involuntary when the Government has the right to requisition of land or other assets, and when the affected people have no choice to maintain their current livelihood. This policy is applied because this subproject has effects on involuntary or temporary involuntary land acquisition and loss of affected land-relating structures and assets for the construction of the subproject. After appraisal, the subproject prepared and disseminated a resettlement policy framework and a resettlement plan. The Resettlement Policy Framework and the Resettlement Action Plan includes measures to ensure that displaced persons (i) are informed of resettlement options; (ii) consulted and selected alternative resettlement options; and (iii) compensated and supported for livelihood restoration. OP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples This policy definition is that ethnic minorities can be defined in particular geographical areas by the presence of varying degrees of the following characteristics: - Identifying themselves as members of a distinct EM culture group and being recognized for this feature by others. - Living closely in identity geographic or territorial habitats that they were hesitated from their ancestors in the subproject area and close to the nature of such habitats and territories. - Their cultural, economic, social or political institutions are traditionally different from those of the majority of cultures and societies. - EM languages are often different from official languages of such region or country. The obligatory conditions for approving an investment project: OP 4.06 requires a borrower to undertake consultations and disclosures of information with ethnic minorities that are possibly affected and to establish a broad communities support model for its subprojects and objectives. A project financed by WB shall include the calculations to (a) avoid potential negative impacts on ethnic minority communities; or (b) when avoiding is not feasible, measures should be proposed to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for impacts. This policy is applied because there are 11/25 households of Muong ethnic group and other ethnic minority groups benefiting the subproject in Phu Long commune, Thach Binh commune and Gia Son commune in Nho Quan district. WBG EHS Guidelines The Environment, Health and Safety Guideline (EHS) by a World Bank Group (WBG)/International Finance Corporation (IFC) was introduced in 2008. This is an important guideline on environmental, health and safety protection industrial development and other projects. It set out the goals to be achieved and measures to be taken to deliver the best results at reasonable costs. This Guideline can be found at the website http://www.ifc.org. World Bank’s Policy on Access to Information 36 In addition to the environmental safeguard policies, to promote the transparency and the accountability, WB issued the Information Access Policy relating to proposed safeguard measures. It sets out the policy to support borrowers’ decision-making by allowing them accessing information relating to social and environmental aspects of such projects at the website in EM language, which is easy to understand and intuitive. The WB ensures that relevant environmental and social protection documents relating to such projects as well as the preparation procedures relating to subprojects are introduced timely prior to the appraisal. The World Bank’s information access policy requires disclosure of information in both English and Vietnamese languages and meets the World Bank’s standards. Table 2.6. Summary of environmental assessment procedure of WB & Government The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP assessment Assessment) dated May 13, 2019, Decree procedure 18/2015/NĐ-CP dated February 14, 2015) Screening - List of categories (A, B, C, FI) - The list of projects according to - It is not mandatory for each specific columns: 2, 3, 4 and 5, Appendix case to classify, apply safety policy and II of Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP. determine environmental assessment - The list of projects under the tool (EA). responsibility of appraising and - The World Bank will classify a approving EIA reports of the proposed project into one of four Ministry of Natural Resources and categories including A, B, C, or FI Environment is in Appendix III of depending on type, location, sensitivity Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP. and scale of the project and the nature, - The list of projects under the the importance of its potential authority to certify environmental environmental impacts. protection plan of specialized - Type A: Requirement for full provincial environmental environmental impact assessment. In protection agencies is provided in some cases, the social and environment Appendix IV of Decree management framework is required, too. No.40/2019/ND-CP. - Type B: ESIA, social and environment - Generally, the Project Owners management framework or social and classify their projects based on the environment management plan is classification as stated in Decree required. In most cases, social and No.40/2019/ND-CP and consulted environment management framework with the Department of Natural and/or social and environment Resources and Environment management plan are required. (DONRE) or Vietnam - Type C: no EA action. Environment Administration (DONRE). VEA) to categorize and - Type FI: social and environment require EA report such as: management framework is the most commonly tool. In the case of a number • The projects listed in column of subprojects that have been identified 2, described in column 3 of before the appraisal, the FI will prepare Appendix II: SEA/EIA is specific tools based on the frameworks, required. e.g. the ESIA or social and environment • The projects listed in column management plan. 2, described in column 4 of Appendix II: Preparing dossier of request for inspection and certification of completion of environmental protection works • The projects listed in column 37 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP assessment Assessment) dated May 13, 2019, Decree procedure 18/2015/NĐ-CP dated February 14, 2015) 2, described in column 5 of Appendix II: EPP is required. • The project is not listed in Appendix II: EPP is required. Environmental - Depending on the project impacts, a - The EA tools like SEA, EIA or assessment tool range of tools are used to meet the EPP are identified based on World Bank's requirements, including: Appendixes: I, II, III and IV of environmental and social management Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP. framework; specific environmental assessment; environmental and social management plan; regional and sectoral EA; risk or hazard assessment; Environmental audit. The World Bank provides general guidelines for implementing each tool. Scope of - The World Bank helps the borrower to - The structure and content of EA environmental draft the TOR for EA and to determine report are specified in Form No. assessment the EA scope, procedures, timetable 014, Appendix VI of Decree and outline of an EA report. No.40/2019/ND-CP. - A A-type project require ESIA TOR - Normally, after consultation with and the determination of scope and the local DoNRE or the consultation will be necessary to Environmental Department prepare the TOR for environmental (VEA) about the type of EA, assessment report. Project Owner will prepare an EA report. Community - During the EA, the Borrower must - Project owner is responsible for consultation consult with affected groups and local consulting with the People's NGOs on the environmental aspects of Committee of the commune, ward the project and focus their views. or township (hereinafter referred - For a A-type project, the Borrower to as the commune) where project shall consult these groups at least is being implemented, consulting twice: (a) immediately after the with organizations or environmental inspection and before communities directly affected by the EA TOR completion; and (b) once project; Research and receive a draft EA report has been prepared. In objective opinions and requests addition, the Borrower will consult from relevant agencies to with these groups throughout the minimize project negative project implementation process as impacts on the natural needed to address issues relating to EA environment, biodiversity and that affect them. public health. - For a B-type project, there should be at - Commune People's Committees least one community consultation where a project is implemented meeting. and organized and directly affects - For meaningful consultations, the will be consulted. Project owner Borrower provides relevant project is responsible for submitting the documents in a timely manner prior to EIA report to the commune-level the consultation in a form and language people's committees where the that the group can understand and be project is implemented and 38 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP assessment Assessment) dated May 13, 2019, Decree procedure 18/2015/NĐ-CP dated February 14, 2015) accessible to. organized and directly affects, - The minutes of the public meeting are together with a written request for included in the report. comment. Within 15 working days from the date on which an EIA report is received, the commune-level people's committees and organizations under the direct impact of the project are obliged to submit their responses if they do not approve the project. - The community consultation is carried out in the form of meetings co-chaired by the Project Owner and the commune people's committees where the project is implemented together with the participation of the communities like Vietnam Fatherland Front, socio-political organizations, socio-professional organizations, population quarters, villages/hamlets. All opinions of participants in the meetings must be fully and truthfully presented in the minutes of the meeting. - For projects listed in Appendix IIa, it is necessary to consult with independent experts with related subjects. Depending on the project locations, the number of experts to consult may be 3 or 10. If it is necessary to consult 10 experts, the minutes of consultation meeting with experts should be made. Public information - Before the World Bank conducts a - After EIA report is approved, the project appraisal, EA report must be Project Owner is responsible for made public in a way that is easily coordinating with the People's accessible to project-affected groups Committees of the communes and local NGOs. When the World where it has gathered opinions Bank officially receives report, the during the preparation of the World Bank will publish the report in environmental impact assessment English to the public via its website. report to organize the public listing of the decision on approval of environmental impact assessment report at the offices of the Commune People's Committees. 39 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP assessment Assessment) dated May 13, 2019, Decree procedure 18/2015/NĐ-CP dated February 14, 2015) Independent - For a A-type project, the Borrower - This content is not regulated in environmental retains independent EA specialist who Vietnamese policy. specialist have no contact with the project to - The Project Owner shall implement EA. implement or hire a consulting - For a high-risk A-type project or a unit which satisfies the conditions project with multi-dimensional specified in Clause 1, Article 13 environmental concerns, the Borrower of Decree No.40/2019 to make will also hire a consultative group of EIA report. Project Owner or independent environmental specialists consultancy companies must fully with international qualifications to meet the following conditions: (i) advise on the project aspects relating to Staff responsible for EIA must EA. have at least BA degree and EIA - Specialists/consultancy companies will consultancy certificate; (ii) be selected through bidding under the specialized staff involved in the close supervision of the World Bank. project must have university or higher degrees; (iii) have laboratory and testing equipment certified for measuring, sampling, processing and analyzing environmental samples for the environmental impact assessment of the project; In the absence of a laboratory, the calibration equipment must meets the requirements and there must be contract with qualified unit. EA - The WB reviews EA's findings and - The Ministry of Natural review/approval recommendations to determine if it Resources and Environment process provides sufficient grounds for the appraise and approve EIA reports Bank to process the project. When of the projects specified in Borrower has completed all or part of Appendix III to this Decree, the environmental assessment before excluding the projects relating to the Bank participates in a project, the defense and security contents. Bank will consider the environmental - The Ministries or the ministerial- assessment to ensure its consistency level agencies shall appraise and with this policy. The Bank may, where approve EIA reports on projects appropriate, request additional under their competence for environmental assessments, including investment approval, except for public consultation and disclosure. projects listed in Appendix III to this Decree; - The Provincial People's Committees conduct appraisal and approval of EIA reports for projects in their provinces, except the projects mentioned above. - The appraisal will take place at least 45 working days at the MoNRE level and 30 working days at the DoNRE level and 5 working days at the district level 40 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP assessment Assessment) dated May 13, 2019, Decree procedure 18/2015/NĐ-CP dated February 14, 2015) after receipt of full Environmental Impact Assessment or full EPP. The number - Number of copies are not specified. - Project Owner must submit at and language of - Language requirements: English and least 07 environmental impact the EA/EIA to Vietnamese. EA reports in Vietnamese assessment reports (depending on be evaluated are required for domestic disclosure number of appraisal committee and must be in English for publication members) and 01 feasibility study on the World Bank’s website. or technical report of a proposed project. Content of EA - For a A-type project, the content of an - The content of the EA report must report EA report is in line with Appendix B of conform to Form No. 014, OP4.01. Appendix VI of Decree - The EA scope for a B-type project may No.40/2019/ND-CP. vary depending on each project, but the EA's scope is narrower than that of a A-type project. An environmental and social management plan is an integral part of an EA type A (regardless of other tools to be used). EA for a B-type project may also be an environmental and social management plan with the content set out in Appendix C of OP 4.01. Monitoring EA - During the project implementation, the - The local DoNRE is entrusted World Bank will supervise the monitoring the environmental implementation of the environmental compliance of the projects. aspects on the basis of environmental - At the end of the project regulations and the Borrower arranges construction phases, the reports of the agreement in the Loan Environmental Management Agreement and in other project Agency will coordinate with the documents to determine if the Construction Management compliance of the Borrower's Agency to monitor the Environmental Procedures (mainly compliance of the environmental with EMP) is satisfactory. If the management activities stated in compliance is not satisfactory, the the EA. World Bank will discuss with the Borrower to ensure the compliance, if necessary. 41 CHAPTER IV. NATURAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 4.1 Natural conditions 4.1.1 Geographical locations Ninh Binh is located in the Red River Delta. In the province, there are only two coastal districts, Yen Khanh and Kim Son, have flat terrains. The Economic Development Master Plan lists the province in the northern coastal region. The province is a major economic-social center. It was re-established on August 12, 1991 from the separation of Ha Nam Ninh province into three provinces: Ha Nam, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh. Ninh Binh has an important position in the Northern gateway and the Northern key economic region. This is where there are economic and cultural exchanges of the Red River Delta, the North Central region, the Northern Delta region, and the Northwest mountainous region. Ninh Binh's prominent economic strengths are construction materials and tourism industries. The study area covers the whole province of Ninh Binh at the geographical locations: 105o30’ to 106o10’ East longitude and 20o00’ to 20o30’ North latitude. The total natural area of the province is139,679 ha, limited by the following areas: • The North and the East border on Ha Nam and Nam Dinh provinces with the natural boundary of Day River. • The Northwest borders on Hoa Binh province. • The West and Southwest borders on Thanh Hoa province; the boundary is the distributary of Tam Diep mountain range and Can river. • The South is the East Sea. The center study area is Ninh Binh city, about 90km far from Hanoi capital. Both North-South National Road No.1 and the National Railway are running through Ninh Binh province (with the two main intersections of Ninh Binh city and Tam Diep city), making Ninh Binh a bridge for commercial, economic and cultural exchanges of the Red river delta to the whole country. The expected construction sites are located in Nho Quan district and Tam Diep city of Ninh Binh province. The reservoirs: Bai Long, Dam Mo, Vuon Dieu are in Gia Son commune - Nho Quan district; Nui Va reservoir is in Quang Son commune - Tam Diep city; Dong Liem reservoir is in Quynh Luu commune; Da Lai reservoir is in Phu Long commune; and Yen Quang reservoir is in Yen Quang commune. The reservoirs lie down mountain foots; the roads in the areas basically meet the transport of materials and construction machinery. 4.1.2. Topography and soil conditions a) Topography The west of Ninh Binh province lies in the area adjacent to the Red River Delta and the sedimentary range of rocks in the west. The east of Ninh Binh province lies in the low-lying area of the Red River Delta adjacent to the East Sea. For these reasons, Ninh Binh has a topographical diversity of hills, mountains, lowland fields, plains and coastal areas. Generally, Ninh Binh terrain slopes northwest-southeast and north-south, making main drainage direction to Day river, Can river and the sea. With the above-mentioned terrain conditions, the measures of irrigation works are also very diverse involving and binding in water supply, drainage and flood prevention. b) Geology 42 The geological data in the ESIA report are referenced from the geological survey reports of 07 reservoirs of Ninh Binh WB8-subproject prepared by the FS Consultant and submitted to the Project Owner in July 2019. The results of the geological surveys in the reservoirs show that the geological conditions of the reservoirs are ensured for upgrading construction activities (upgrading dam slopes, constructing concrete dam surfaces, spillways, energy dispersion spillways and other auxiliary works), without affecting the geological conditions, the surrounding infrastructure, and the groundwater levels in the design areas. Based on the documents described in the field combined with the results of the geological surveys, the geological conditions in the work-items are as below. 1. Yen Quang 1 reservoir Reservoir bed: On the top is a layer of sandy grit mixed with clay of 0.3m ~ 0.5m thick. The next is a clay layer mixed with gravels; soft plastic state in some sections; hard plastic state in some sections. The limestone surface is more strongly weathered and cracked deep and deep. Spillway: On the top is a layer of 1.2m thick soil. The next is a layer of clay mixed with sandy grit at hard plastic state at the thickness ~ 3.3m. The deeper layer is clay mixed sandy grit at soft plastic state and the thickness is not identified. Road for construction: A road from the main dam. It basically meets the transport of materials and machinery during construction. 2. Da Lai reservoir Reservoir bed: On the top is a mud layer of 0.5m ~ 0.7m thick. The next is a layer of clay mixed with sandy grit at semi-hard state of ~ 9.0m. The below is a clay layer of 0.7m thick, which strongly to completely weathered into clay, and a layer of clay mixed with sandy grit at soft plastic state of 1.5m thick. The gray claystone is strongly weathered. Spillway: On the top is a filling-soil layer of ~10.0m thick. The next is a clay layer mixed with sandy grit at hard plastic state at the thickness ~9.0m. The below is a clay layer of 0.7m thick, which strongly to completely weathered into clay, and a layer of clay mixed with sandy grit at soft plastic state of 1.5m thick. The gray claystone is strongly weathered. 3. Dong Liem reservoir Reservoir bed: On the top is a clay layer mixed with grit at soft plastic state of 0.5 ~ 0.7m thick, mixed with broken stone and brown gray clay, which is strongly weathered and expose rock on the surface. The next is a clay layer which is strongly weathered from broken stone and strongly weathered claystone, at semi-hard state; the weathered rock surface is strongly cracked but the fracture and weathered degree gradually reduce in the deeper layers. Spillway: On the top is a filling-soil layer of 0.8m~1.2m thick, severely eroded and degraded. The next is a clay layer which is strongly weathered from broken stone and strongly weathered claystone, at semi-hard state; the weathered rock surface is strongly cracked but the fracture and weathered degree gradually reduce in the deeper layers. 4. Vuon Dieu reservoir Reservoir bed: On the top is a layer of sandy grit mixed with clay of 0.3m ~ 0.5m thick; some sections having rocks and gravel, the layer composition is complex and heterogeneous of 0.3m ~ 0.5m thick. The below, some sections are yellowish-brown, patchy reddish-brown clay, in hard plastic state, some sections are mixed gray-brown and gray clay, interbedded sand, in soft plastic state. Spillway: On the top is a layer of cement concrete. The next is filling-soil layer, the layer composition is clay mixed with grit, hard plastic state, ~ 3.0m thick. The bottom is yellowish- 43 yellow, patchy reddish-brown clay, hard plastic state, 6.0m thick. The below is limestone layer which is less fractured, medium weathered, hard state, is not identified. As observed, the spillway is in serious landslides and degradation. 5. Bai Long reservoir Reservoir bed: On the top is stone grit with dust, mud, clay and vegetable humus, the layer composition is complex and heterogeneous of 0.3m ~ 0.5m. The below is gray yellow clay mixed with gravel, hard plastic state, some places are brownish gray claystone, strongly weathered and cracked. Spillway: On the top is a filling-soil layer, including clay mixed with grit, hard plastic state, 2.7m thick. The next is a layer of yellow gray clay mixed with sandy grit, hard plastic state, 1.6m thick. The below is the brownish gray claystone layer, strongly weathered and cracked, and the thickness is not identified. 6. Dam Mo reservoir Reservoir bed: On the top is a layer of sandy grit mixed with clay of 0.5m~0.7m. The next is the clay layer mixed with many gravels, in soft plastic state, 2.0m thick. The below is the layer of brown-gray clay mixed with grit, plastic state, and the thickness is not identified. Spillway: Spillway is actually just a small trench covered with clay - grit -gravel, ~ 1.2m thick. The below is the layer of brown-gray clay mixed with grit, plastic state, and the thickness is not identified. 7. Nui Va reservoir Reservoir bed: On the top is a layer of reddish-brown clay, mixed with gravel and grit, soft plastic state, some sections have original rocks of different sizes. This layer is complex and heterogeneous, the thickness is about 0.5m ~ 0.7m. The next is a layer of yellow gray clay mixed with gravel and grit, hard plastic state (6.7m thick) to soft plastic state (3.5m thick) on the clay stone base which is strongly weathered and cracked with low compressive resistance strength. Spillway: On the top is a filling soil layer composing of clay loam, mixed with gravel and grit, hard state (unsaturated soil water) with a thickness of 12.0m. The next is a layer of yellow gray clay mixed with gravel and grit, hard plastic state (6.7m thick) to soft plastic state (3.5m thick) on the clay stone base which is strongly weathered and cracked with low compressive resistance strength. It is observed that the vertical crack appears on the dam surface of 5cm-7cm wide. Based on the survey documents at a depth of ~ 12.5m (at the end of the filling soil layer), water loss occurs during drilling. Water intake culvert: On the top is a filling soil layer composing of clay loam, mixed with gravel and grit, hard state (unsaturated soil water) with a thickness of 12.0m. The next is a layer of yellow gray clay mixed with gravel and grit, hard plastic state (6.7m thick) to soft plastic state (3.5m thick) on the clay stone base which is strongly weathered and cracked with low compressive resistance strength. 4.1.3. Climate and meteorological conditions - The climate of the study area features the sub-climate of the Red River Delta, which is hot and humid, less rain in cold winters and heavy rain in hot summers. In addition to the profound influence of the Northeast monsoon and Southeast monsoon, the province is subject to coastal climate and mountainous and semi-mountainous climate. - Temperature: As located in the Southwest of the plain, the wind directions easily penetrate and make the temperature regime relatively uniform. The average temperature in many years is 23.60C  24.10C. In winter, the average temperature is below 200C. 44 Table 4. 1. Monthly average temperature in many years in some stations in Ninh Binh province Unit: oC No. Stations I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Year 1 Nho Quan 16.9 17.6 20.1 23.9 33.9 28.7 29 28.1 26.9 24.5 21.3 18 24.1 2 Ninh Binh 16.7 17.3 19.8 23.5 27.2 28.8 29 28.2 27.3 24.9 21.8 18.3 23.6 Source: Feasibility Study Report - WB8 Ninh Binh subproject - Relative air humidity: The air humidity in the months of a year is higher than 80%. The air humidity variation among the months is very little, 5%  10%. On dry winter days, the air humidity can drop below 20%, and on drizzle days, the air humidity can rise up 90%. Table 4. 2. The average relative air humidity per month in many years Unit: % No. Stations I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Year 1 Nho Quan 83 86 89 88 83 83 82 86 86 83 81 82 84 2 Ninh Binh 85 87 91 89 85 83 82 85 85 82 81 82 85 Source: Feasibility Study Report - WB8 Ninh Binh subproject - Wind regime: In summer, the main wind direction is Southwest and Southeast. The wind speed in plain is 2m/s. In winters, two main winds, Northeast and Southeast, alternately blow into the basin. The wind speed in Winters is not as strong as in Summer. Maximum wind speeds may occur abnormally in storms. Table 4. 3. Monthly average wind speed for many years Unit: m/s No. Stations I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Years 1 Nho Quan 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 2 Ninh Binh 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 Source: Feasibility Study Report - WB8 Ninh Binh subproject - Number of sunny hours: According to observation documents at Nho Quan station, the total sunshine per year is 1502 hours. The results of calculating the average number of sunny hours in the months are shown in the table below. Table 4. 4. Total sunshine hours in Ninh Binh station Unit: Hours Months I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Year Sh 70.9 51.0 48.1 92.1 172.1 170.4 180.1 158.9 161.1 152.9 130.5 114.0 1502.3 Source: Feasibility Study Report - WB8 Ninh Binh subproject - Evaporation: The average evaporation over many years in the basin is about 835- 880mm. The hot seasons have more evaporation than the cold seasons. In June and July, the evaporation is the highest (90 - 100mm). In March, the evaporation is the lowest (38 - 47mm). Table 4. 5. The average evaporation per month in many years 45 Unit: mm Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Years Z 80.1 65.8 65.9 81.3 106.8 107.1 103.1 89.7 96.6 108.2 99 94.2 1098 Source: Feasibility Study Report - WB8 Ninh Binh subproject 4.1.4. Hydrological conditions a. River network Ninh Binh is a coastal delta province locating on the downstream areas of large rivers. The density of the province’s river networks is relatively high (0.58km/km2). Rivers have plentiful water. The average water flow reaches 30 l/s/km2. The river network is relatively evenly distributed, having dozens of large and small rivers with the total length of about 1000 km. The general slope of the river is very small (2-5 cm/km). The rivers meander. Large rivers usually flow Northwest - Southeast and empty into the Gulf of Tonkin. The main rivers in Ninh Binh are Day river, Hoang Long river, Boi river, Nho Quan river and Vac river, with the following features: - Day River: Day River is a tributary of the Red River, flowing from Thuong Coc (Hoa Binh) through Day estuary to the sea. It is the natural boundary between the two coastal provinces of Nam Dinh (Rang Dong farm) and Ninh Binh (Kim Dong commune). From Thuong Coc to Gian Khau, the river flows North-South. From Gian Khau to Tam Toa, the river flows Northwest- Southeast. After flowing through the above areas, the river flows North-South to the sea. The flow regime of Day river, apart from depending on rainfall in the basin and the flows on the branches of Hoang Long and Dao rivers (from the Red river - Tan De Nam Dinh to Tam Toa – Luc Bo flowing into Day river), depends on the opening and closing of the dam of Day river (in Hanoi city). - Hoang Long river is the largest branch on the right bank of Day river, confluenced by three tributaries: Boi, Dam and Lang rivers. All three tributaries originate from the mountainous areas in the southern part of Hoa Binh province, flowing northwest to southeast. After confluencing in Gia Vien area, the flow turns West-East into Day river in Gian Khau. Hoang Long river basin has an area of 1445 km2. Boi river is the largest branch among the three tributaries, with a basin length of 80 km and width of 13 km, accounting for 55.5% of Hoang Long river basin. Because the basin slope is quite large, especially in the upstream, the floods flush down quickly (in July, August and September and first half of October). In dry season, the middle and lower areas are influenced by strong tides. In addition to these two large rivers, Ninh Binh has a system of small and medium rivers. Notably, Vac reservoir - a tributary of Day river. Day river flow and its tributaries are closely relating. The estuary area is strongly influenced by tides. rivers in the province are fairly evenly distributed. The large and medium rivers often concentrate in the east and south of the province. The western mountainous area has many small streams flowing into Day and Hoang Long rivers. The plains of the North, East and South have intermittent artificial canals connected to major rivers. These canals and ditches were dug up to serve the irrigation of the whole cultivated land of the province. Ninh Binh rivers take the effect of bringing water with fertile alluvium to fields and draining water in fields to rivers when they are flooded by rains. The network of self-flowing irrigation canals is growing and expanding with the system of irrigation pumping stations. In addition, Ninh Binh rivers play an important means of waterways. On large rivers, ships with 50-100 tons can travel for 95 km long and 15-20 tons can travel over 183 km long. The above mentioned natural rivers are not directtly relating to the hydraulic conditions with the upgraded reservoirs in the subproject area. 46 b. Reservoirs and lakes In addition to the river system, Ninh Binh has many natural lakes and lagoons such as Cut Lagoon (Gia Vien), Thuong Sung reservoir, Dong Liem reservoir (Nho Quan), Dong Thai reservoir, Yen Thang reservoir (Yen Mo). These reservoirs have beautiful scenery and locate in the population of limestone mountains, with potential for tourism development. 4.1.5. Biodiversity Ninh Binh is located at the transitional area of the Northwest, Northeast and North Central biological regions, therefore, the flora and the fauna here feature both its own characteristics and a blend characteristics of adjacent areas. On the other hand, with the characteristics of geological structure - complex terrain, Ninh Binh's flora and fauna become richer and more diverse. In particular, Cuc Phuong National Forest is home to many rare and precious species of plants and animals. Among the subproject sites, Yen Quang commune in Nho Quan district, where Yen Quang 1 reservoir is upgraded, is close to the buffer zone of Cuc Phuong National Forest. The location of Yen Quang 1 reservoir is located on the outermost edge of the buffer zone of Cuc Phuong National Forest. The distance from the subproject site to the core area of the national forest is about 10km, therefore the construction and upgrading of the reservoir will not pose a significant risk to endangered precious and rare fauna and flora species living in the forest. Other reservoirs in the subproject area are not near the protected areas and natural conservation areas. Flora The vegetations surrounding the reservoirs are mainly hilly gardens and arable fields. This type of ecosystem is present in all reservoirs in the subproject area. The common plant species are eucalyptus, acacia and broadleaf trees. The vegetation on limestone mountains is also common in Yen Quang 1 reservoir, Dong Liem reservoir, Vuon Dieu reservoir with the types of trees that often grow slowly on dry rock layer. In valleys, rivers and streams there are food crops and vegetables. In addition, there are different types of scrub and regenerated grass after exploitation. In the construction sites are mainly production forest vegetation, limestone vegetation, vegetables and regenerated shrubs such as bamboo, mango, acacia, bamboo, acacia auriculiformis..., fruit trees such as longan, litchi, lemon, jackfruit..., and short-term crops like sugarcane (Nui Va reservoir, Quang Son commune, Tam Diep town). Bai Long reservoir Ho Quang Son Figure 4. 1. The diversity of vegetation in the subproject area Fauna The construction sites are mainly in hills and gardens, so the fauna diversity is not high. The common animals in the area include some species of birds such as flowerpeckers, sparrows, red- whiskered bulbul…, common insects such as coconut beetles, cerambycidae, etc. In addition, 47 water bodies, ponds cultivate a number of fish and reptiles such grass carp, carp, labeo rohita, bihar, frog, water snake ... Particularly in the areas of Yen Quang 1 reservoir and Da Lai reservoir, close to limestone mountains, there are mountain fauna, so there are occasional animals such as squirrels, deer, snakes, ... in the nature, but not often. Table 4. 6. The ecology in 07 reservoir areas No. Reservoirs Fauna Flora Some major bird species such as Mainly fruit trees like longan, dicaeidae; insects; frogs, tree-tod; some litchi, jackfruit..., and timber 1 Yen Quang 1 reptiles, and aquatic fish like grass carp, trees like acacia, eucalyptus and carp, labeo rohita, bihar... shrubs. Some major bird species like dicaeidae, The surrounding area is sparrow, pycnonotidae... and common dominated by chestnut, local insects like coconut beetles, eucalyptus, acacia and 2 Da Lai cerambycidae, etc. In addition, the bamboo… water bodies have some species of fish, reptiles, i.e. grass carp, carp, labeo rohita, bihar, frog... Some major bird species such as Surrounding are mainly 3 Dong Liem dicaeidae, sparrow, pycnonotidae... eucalyptus, chestnut, longan, litchi…. and shrubs Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, longan, lychee, dicaeidae, sparrow, pycnonotidae, … banana, bamboo and scrub and common local insects like coconut 4 Vuon Dieu beetles, cerambycidae, etc. In addition, the water bodies have some species of fish, reptiles, i.e. grass carp, carp, labeo rohita, bihar, frog... Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, longan, litchi, dicaeidae; insects; frogs, tree-tod; some banana, bamboo and shrubs 5 Bai Long reptiles, and aquatic fish like grass carp, carp, labeo rohita, bihar... Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, acacia, senna 6 Dam Mo dicaeidae, sparrow; local poultry and siamea… and shrubs livestock Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus and shrubs 7 Nui Va dicaeidae, sparrow, pycnonotidae... The fauna and flora in the subproject area potentially affected by the subproject's construction activities are also considered as eco-sensitive objects that need specific mitigation measures. 4.2 Impacts of climate change in Ninh Binh province In Ninh Binh province, the manifestations of climate change are increasingly evident with the phenomena of flooding, saline intrusion, biodiversity decline, temperature changes, greenhouse gas emissions ... causing serious impacts on socio-economic life and local people. Specifically, the rainfall is very complicated, increasingly extreme and does not follow the average rule for many years; the temperature has increased in the last 30 years; the saline intrusion and sea level rise are erratic; saline intrusion encroaches on Day river mouth 35 - 40km and Vac river mouth 30 - 35km; salinity level appeared of 1.3% in the New River; the seagrass fields that were the specialty of Ninh Binh province also disappeared. In the recent period from 48 2012 to 2018, the salinity tends to decrease partly due to the impact of floods from upstream hydropower works and reservoirs. The phenomenon of flooding has occurred strongly in Ninh Binh recently. The terrain is a flood drainage corridor and flood diversion area, therefore when in Hanoi city, floods appear on Day river, 11 communes in Nho Quan district and Gia Vien district (Ninh Binh province) are sacrificed and rescued for the whole province and downstream, which is often affected by floods from Hoa Binh province on Hoang Long river. One of the most obvious effects of climate change is the climate abnormal change. Long sunny periods with high temperature affect significantly to people’s health. The typical extreme weather of hot sunshine and drought lasting in June 2015 was the record in the past 40 years in Ninh Binh province. Long-lasting sunshine periods is the cause of weak human health and droughts that affect agriculture and fishery and increases of forest fires. The impact of climate change on the average temperature in dry season and the months in dry season is approximately or higher than the average of many years. The rainfall and water level in the river are low. The total rainfall in dry season is approximately or lower than the annual average rainfall (248.0 mm) so the lack of water and drought on a large scale is possible. Due to the high concentration of water intake, saline intrusion tends to encroach deeply into Day and Vac rivers. The difficult intake of culverts in the estuarine areas also affect the coastal area. Table 4. 7. The areas affected by drought in recent years Winter-spring rice (ha) No. Districts 2010 2011 2012 2014 2015 1 Nho Quan 1,800 249 2,037 332 160 2 Gia Vien 380 560 373 524 72 3 Hoa Lu 250 141 370 233 328 4 Ninh Binh city 70 59 130 68 103 5 Tam Diep city 160 0 369 49 0 6 Yen Mo 2,500 1,445 370 100 1054 7 Yen Khanh 1,500 227 373 154 432 8 Kim Son 3,478 500 60 70 900 Total 10,138 3,181 4,082 1,530 3,049 Source: Ninh Binh Water Resources Department Besides prolonged heat waves, climate change is also causing extremly, prolonged cold weather which seriously affects humans and animals. In the early months of 2008, due to the increasing cold air from the North, in the middle of January to the end of February, there was a severe cold period with low temperature and lasting for nearly 40 days. During this cold period, the temperature dropped at a record. This is the longest damaging cold period in over 40 years, causing huge damages to agricultural production and lives of people in Ninh Binh province. In Ninh Binh province, according to the statistics, landslides occur when heavy rains last for several days in some districts, such as after Typhoon No. 10 in mid-September 2019 in Tan Binh ward, Tam district, early 2019 in Gia Thinh commune, Gia Vien district. In addition, the dyke erosion and river bank erosion have been recorded in some areas of the province such as the right 49 bank of Vac river, which runs through Thuong Kiem commune, Kim Son district, erosion is prolonged, some fissures reach the dike roof. 4.3 Environmental status The status of the baseline environment is reflected by the parameters of soil, water and air quality measured in site and analyzed in laboratory. These are the basis for assessing environment impacts during the construction and operation of the reservoirs. This is the necessary condition for controlling and mitigating effects of dam construction and operation and dam safety. The environmental status in the subproject area is assessed by two main methods: - The environment rapid measurement method using field measuring devices. - The laboratory analytical method (ISO 17025: 2005). The Consultant took samples of environmental quality monitoring to evaluate the current status of the quality of such environmental factors as soil, water, air on... 4-5/6/2019. At each reservoir, ancillary facilities (embankments, access roads), and residential areas near the reservoirs, environmental factors such as air, soil, surface water, groundwater are sampled on site and analyzed in laboratory. For each environmental factor within the subproject scope, 2 samples/factor/reservoir were taken. The detailed locations, comparison tables and sample forms are provided in the appendix. 4.3.1. Air environment The Environmental Assessment Consultant of the project conducted air sampling at 7 reservoirs in the subproject area from June 4-5, 2019. Analysis results are shown in the Table below which were compared with the following standards: • QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality. • QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise. • QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise and vibration. Noise Samples symbol Noise Figure 4. 2. Noise observation results 50 Vibration Samples symbol Vibration Figure 4. 3. Vibration monitoring results Total suspended particles (TSP) Samples symbol TSP Figure 4. 4. Results of total dust monitoring The results show that the air environment quality in the subproject area remains good and meets the standard - QCVN 05: 2013; the noise meets QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise; and the vibration meets QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT on vibration limits. 4.3.2. Water environment The Consultant conducted the surface water sampling at 7 reservoirs in the subproject area on 4- 5 June 2019. The analysis results are shown in the following table that the surface water samples in the subproject area meet the standards of QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality - Column B1, for irrigation or other water similar quality requirements. 51 Table 4. 8: Results of analyzing surface water quality Parameters pH DO TSS COD BOD5 NO2- NO3- NH4+ As* Pb* Cd* Coliform Unit - mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml M1 8.3 6.6 19.520 13.814 6 < 0.004 2.39 0.58 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.8 x 103 M2 8.4 6.9 17.5518 11.712 5 0.005 2.79 0.66 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 3.1 x 103 M3 8.3 6.2 22.523 15.2 9 < 0.004 2.92 0.71 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.9 x 103 M4 8.4 6.1 24 16.4 10 < 0.004 2.61 0.63 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.7 x 103 M5 7.1 6.8 19.520 14.2 9 0.006 2.43 0.77 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.7 x 103 M6 7.4 6.5 20.521 12.813 7 0.009 2.67 0.84 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.8 x 103 M7 8.3 6.1 21.522 16.4 8 0.007 2.86 0.67 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.4 x 103 M8 7.6 5.7 23 21.3 10 < 0.004 2.21 0.52 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.7 x 103 M9 8 6.5 22.523 15.3 8 0.009 3.06 0.81 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 3.2 x 103 M10 7.5 6.8 21 14.1 7 0.005 2.59 0.73 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.7 x 103 M11 6.7 6.2 18.619 13.1 6 < 0.004 1.84 0.43 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.7 x 103 M12 7.1 6.5 16.2 11.912 4 < 0.004 1.62 0.38 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.4 x 103 M13 7.8 6.5 17 12.713 6 < 0.004 0.54 0.26 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.1 x 103 M14 7.4 6.2 22.523 14.2 8 < 0.004 0.78 0.23 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 2.4 x 103 QCVN 08- MT:2015/BTNMT, 5.5-9 ≥4 50 30 15 0.05 10 0.9 0.05 0.05 0.01 7500 Column B1 52 The subproject is implemented in rural area, where industrial production in the basin of the reservoirs is almost absent, therefore, the main source of emissions to the environment is from farming, agricultural production, and animal husbandry. However, this source of waste is insignificant and the surface water quality in the subproject area is quite good which can be used for irrigation or other purposes that require similar water quality. 4.3.3 Groundwater environment The Consultant conducted groundwater sampling in domestic wells of households living nearby 7 reservoirs in the subproject area on 4-5 June 2019. The sampling wells are dug wells, with a depth of 15-20m, water levels fluctuate seasonally, used by households for many years. The analysis results are shown in the following table that the groundwater samples in the subproject area meet the standards of QCVN 09-MT: 2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on underground water quality. 53 Table 4. 9: Results of ground water quality analysis Parameters pH NO2- - N NO3- - N NH4+- N Fe As* Pb* Cd* Pecmanganat Coliform Unit - mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml N1 6.7 0.52 < 0.004 0.37 < 0.20 0.14 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N2 6.9 0.47 < 0.004 0.46 0.27 0.16 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N3 6.9 5.3 < 0.004 0.57 0.3 0.15 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N4 7.2 4.8 < 0.004 0.83 0.34 0.14 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N5 6.8 <0.004 0.85 0.34 0.12 <0.0006 <0.0007 <0.00015 0.46 <1 N6 7.2 <0.004 0.78 0.29 0.16 <0.0006 <0.0007 <0.00015 0.53 <1 N7 7.2 0.51 < 0.004 0.73 0.28 0.08 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N8 6.9 0.63 < 0.004 0.61 < 0.2 0.11 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N9 7.3 0.57 < 0.004 0.53 0.22 0.16 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N10 7.1 0.54 < 0.004 0.64 0.26 0.14 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N11 7.3 0.61 < 0.004 0.49 0.25 0.12 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N12 7.1 0.53 < 0.004 0. 61 0.34 0.14 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N13 7.2 0.54 < 0.004 0.54 0.26 0.13 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 N14 6.9 0.58 < 0.004 0.78 0.23 0.16 < 0.0006 < 0.0007 < 0.00015 <1 QCVN 09- 5.5-8.5 1 15 1 5 0.05 0.01 0.005 3 MT:2015/BTNMT 54 4.3.4 Soil environment The Consultant conducted soil/sediment sampling at 7 reservoirs in the subproject area on 4-5 June 2019. The analysis results are shown in the following table that the soil/sediment samples in the subproject area meet the standards of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on heavy metal limits in agricultural land soil. Table 4. 10: Results of soil quality analysis Total Parameters pHKCl organic Cu Zn As* Pb Cd carbon Unit - % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg Đ1 5.2 0.67 38.4 65.2 < 0.03 17.7 < 0,3 Đ2 6.2 0.58 27.5 59.3 < 0.03 < 15 < 0,3 Đ3 5.6 0.64 29.7 46.3 < 0.03 15.8 0,36 Results Đ4 4.9 0.87 36.2 53.8 < 0.03 16.7 < 0,3 Đ5 5.7 0.46 31.3 49.7 < 0.03 < 15 < 0,3 Đ6 6.2 0.69 34.1 62.7 < 0.03 18.4 0,43 Đ7 5.1 0.73 29.4 58.2 < 0.03 18.8 < 0,3 QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT - - 100 200 15 70 1.5 Notes: (1) Yen Quang 1 reservoir: Đ1; (2) Da Lai: Đ2; (3) Dong Liem reservoir: Đ3; (4) Vuon Dieu reservoir: Đ4; (5) Bai Long reservoir: Đ5; (6) Dam Mo reservoir: Đ6; (7) Nui Va reservoir: Đ7. Thus, the environmental quality in the subproject area has not signs of pollution, in relation to the environmental factors, and the monitoring parameters are within the permitted standards. 4.4 Socio-economic conditions in the subproject area The subproject is implemented in 6 communes of Nho Quan district and Tam Diep city. The two localities are of mountainous and semi-mountainous areas of Ninh Binh province with similar natural and socio-economic conditions. The main agricultural activities are cattle raising and planting fruit trees (pineapple), tea, rice cultivation and other crops, which are divided into two main crops during a year. Transportation infrastructure serving the socio-economic development of Ninh Binh province includes roads, railways and waterways. Currently, in Ninh Binh province, there are nearly 3,000 km of graded and classified roads, including 8 national highways with 221km long, 19 provincial roads with 261,4km long, district roads with 349,5km long, urban roads with 374km long, commune roads with 1.378km long, specialized roads with 118km long, and dike roads with 219km long. Many big bridges, e.g. Nam Binh Bridge (1,637m), Gian Khau Bridge (210m), Hoang Long Bridge (850m) ... are invested. In the province, there are more than 300km of category III roads and nearly 60km of urban category II roads. 100% of national highways and provincial roads have been hardened with cement concrete and asphalt concrete, of which more than 50% have been covered with asphalt concrete. Ninh Binh is the starting point of 3 highways projects: Ninh Binh - Cau Gie highway; Ninh Binh - Thanh Hoa highway; and Ninh Binh - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh highway. Ninh Binh passenger car station is located near the intersection between Highway 1A and Highway 10 in Ninh Binh city. The provincial road network is quite convenient with the intra-bus routes. 55 The railway in Ninh Binh province: Tam Diep - Ninh Binh railway is on the North-South axis. There are Ninh Binh, Cau Yen, Ghenh and Dong Giao railway stations in the province. Ninh Binh has 04 main river ports at the central management level: Ninh Binh port, Ninh Phuc port, ICD Phuc Loc, and Cau Yen port. In additon, K3 port (Ninh Binh Thermal Power Plant) has been upgraded to be a specilized port. Cargo handling berths and anchorage/sheltering areas for ships and boats are on river banks and estuaries. The waterway system consists of 22 rivers, in which the central level manages 04 rivers (Day river, Hoang Long river, Vac river and Nha Le canal) with the total length of about 364.3 km. According to Ninh Binh Urban System Development Master Plan to 2030, with a vision to 2050, the two localities implementing the subproject will be planned as urban area of catergory II - Tam Diep, and urban area of catergory III - Nho Quan ( which are currently type V urban areas). The total area of the communes in the subproject area is 28,863 ha. In particular, the forestry land area is about 9.4 thousand hectares, and the rice farming area is 6.9 thousand hectares. The largest area is in Ky Trinh ward (more than 4.7 thousand hectares), and the smalest areas are in Son Mai commune in Huong Son district and Ky Bac commune in Ky Anh district (about 1.9 thousand hectares). The largest area of rice and forestry land 9 subproject communes is in Ky Trinh ward among (1.6 thousand hectares and 1.4 thousand hectares, respectively). The total population of the communes includes 43,426 people, with 11,715 households. The population in Thach Binh and Nho Quan wards is the largest with 10,637 people, following by Quynh Lu commune with 9,335 people. The population density in the subproject communes is uneven, when the highest population density in Yen Quang commune is the highest (620 people/km2) and in Quang Son commune is the lowest (136 people/km2). Quang Son is also one of the 10 communes with the lowest population density in Ninh Binh province. The average income per capita of the communes in the subproject area is about 31 million/person/year. In particular, the average income per capita in Quang Son commune and Tam Diep town is the highest, with 46.9 million VND/person/year. The main occupation of the households in the subproject area is agriculture (planting rice, maize), forestry (afforestation, acacia, eucalyptus, cajuput, etc.). Quang Son commune is famous for the large pineapple growing area of the whole province of Ninh Binh, and an area of agricultural land is also used for cultivating tea thanks to the advantage of hilly land. Incomes from these two crops in Quang Son commune are higher and more stable than other incomes in the localities. In leisure time of agriculture, people will work as hired labor (women), men work as masons to increase household income. The total number of poor households in the subproject area is 576, accounting for 4.9% of the total popultion of 6 communes, in which Thach Binh commune has the highest poverty rate of 9% (253 households), Quang Son commune has the lowest poverty rate of 1.9% (29 households), and other communes have the poverty rates from 2.4 to 6.1%. There are a total of 715 near poor households in 6 communes, in which Thach Binh commune has 379 households (13.5%) - the highest among 6 communes, and the lowest percentage of near-poor households is in Quang Son commune (1.1%). Ethnic minorities: 5/6 communes in the subproject area are inhabited by ethnic minorities, accounting for 38.2%, and are mostly Muong people. Yen Quang commune has the highest proportion of ethnic minorities living, accounting for 82% of the total population of the communes, the next is Quang Son commune with 57%, and Quynh Luu commune is the only locality where there are no ethnic minorities living. Rural infrastructure In the subproject area, all communes have commune health stations, serving the needs of medical examination and treatment for local people. 56 100% of households use electricity for daily activities. The highest percentage of households using tap water is in Quang Son commune with about 90% of the population. In Phu Long commune, there are three clean water supply stations but only one operates and two stop working because the water from Dong Chuong reservoir is polluted by wastewater from the Gold yard. In Quynh Luu commune, 1/3 of the households use tap water. In Yen Quang commune, the number of households using tap water is 300 households. Many households use two or three different sources of water in parallel for living, for example, rain water and tap water for drinking and well water for bathing and washing. The percentage of households using hygienic toilets is over 75%. Quang Son commune has the highest percentage of hygienic toilets (100%). Thach Binh commune has the lowest percentage of hygienic toilets (75%). The public services in the region have met the needs of daily life in the commune (market, telephone, internet ...). In 6 communes and wards, there are 8 markets under the management of the communes in the subproject area, therefore, people get no difficulty in trading and exchanging goods. All 6 communes in the subproject area already have postal services to facilitate transactions. Occupation and employment The structure of employment and occupation of the people in the subproject area is quite diverse as agriculture, forestry, aquaculture, trade and services, and handicraft. However, agriculture, forestry, aquaculture account for the highest with 60.5%. Figure 4. 5: The occupations in the subproject communes Source: Socio-economic survey in June 2019 The main incomes of the households in the 6 communes are from agriculture and forestry. In addition, there comes from business, services, handicraft production. In recent years, the living standard continues improving and the average income per capita in the communes has increased over years. In 2018, the average income per capita of Ninh Binh province is generally 48.43 million VND/person/year. The above table shows that the commune with the highest average income per capita is Quang Son with 46.9 million/person/year - approximating the average income per capita of the province. The lowest per capita is Thach 57 Binh commune with 15 million/person/year. This is easy to explain because Thach Binh is a poor commune in the mountainous district of Nho Quan with complex terrain and the main occupation is only agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, so people's income is not high. In Quang Son commune, people's income is high because of the industrial production with many industrial parks and factories. People mainly work in these industrial zones and their income is higher than those who are engaged in the agriculture. Table 4. 11. Socio-economic characteristics of the subproject communes Tam Diep Total Nho Quan district town Parameters Yen Phu Thach Quynh Gia Son Quang Son Quang Long Binh Luu Area (ha) 1,125 3,017 2,571 749 1,692 3,732 Population (people) 6,979 7,031 10,637 4,372 9,335 5,072 43,426 Ethnic minorities (%) 82,2 37,6 49 3,3 0 57 38,18 Number of households 1,924 1,833 2,812 1,163 2,464 1,519 11,715 (households) Household size 3.63 3.84 3.78 3.76 3.79 3.34 3.69 (person/household) Population density 620 233 413 583 551 136 337 (people/km2) Average income per capita (million 29.6 27.5 15 35.6 31.5 46.9 31 VND/year) Poor households 95 69 253 71 59 29 576 (households) Poor household rate 4.93 3.76 8.99 6.1 2.39 1.9 4.68 (%) Near-poor households 80 62 379 74 103 17 715 (households) Near-poor household 4.16 3.38 13.48 6.36 4.18 1.12 3.27 rate (%) (Source: socio-economic report in 2018 of 06 communes in the subproject area) 4.5 Sensitive works The subproject covers 10 communes/towns, scattering in 4 districts of Ninh Binh province. During the subproject implementation on a large area, there will be impacts on the environment and people's daily activities. The sensitive works to be noted at 7 reservoir areas during the repairing and upgrading of dams are presented in the table below. Table 4. 12. Current status sensitive works Locations Status of works 1. Yen ❖ Vo Kho Pagoda Quang 1 Located on the reservoir bank that is adjacent to the limestone mountain. reservoir, Yen Quang ❖ Mong La pagoda commune, The road passing through Reservoir 1 and Reservoir 2 to Dinh Muong relics which is 58 Nho Quan classified as a provincial cultural relic. district ❖ Military baseBase Located on the road to the reservoir and about 400m far from the reservoir 2. Da Lai, Phu Long commune, Nho Quan district 3, Bai Long ❖ Residential houses along management road reservoir, Thach Binh commune, Nho Quan district 59 The location is 5m far from the management road ❖ The Research Station for Pig Variety Located along the road to the reservoir and about 600m far from the reservoir. 4, Nui Va reservoir, Quang Son commune, Tam Diep town 4.6. The management characteristics of the reservoirs The People's Committee of Ninh Binh province issued Decision No.05/2013/QD-UBND dated May 4, 2013 together with the regulations on decentralization of management, exploitation and protection of irrigation works in Ninh Binh province as follows: 60 - For canals located within a commune and having irrigated area ≤ 100 ha, they shall be assigned to localities for management. - The canals with irrigation area of more than 100 ha or more of superior canals are managed by the Provincial Irrigation Works One Member Limited Company. Except the above work, fields will be directly managed by users. The Company arranged station clusters and groups of implementers in the subproject components. - Project management unit: Ninh Binh Irrigation One Member Company Limited will arrange training classes for relevant beneficiary groups and population to solve relating issues in operation and maintenance. - The direct beneficiaries are the villages in the areas that get water from the reservoirs and responsible for maintenance of the lower canals in the areas managed by the repective villages. The funding will be from the public labor. The reservoir managers in the subproject area is summarized in the table below. Table 4. 13: Management characteristics of reservoirs in subproject area Reservoirs Locations Construction management unit Management responsibilities Yen Quang, Ninh Binh Irrigation One Management of focal works Yen Quang 1 Member Company Limited and canals Nho Quan Phu Long Nho Ninh Binh Irrigation One Management of focal works Da Lai Member Company Limited and canals Quan Quynh Luu, Management of focal works Dong Liem Commune People’s Committee Nho Quan and canals Gia Son, Nho Ninh Binh Irrigation One Management of focal works Vuon Dieu Member Company Limited and canals Quan Thach Binh, Management of focal works Bai Long Commune People’s Committee Nho Quan and canals Thach Binh, Management of focal works Dam Mo Commune People’s Committee Nho Quan and canals Quang Son, Ninh Binh Irrigation One Management of focal works Nui Va Tam Diep Member Company Limited 61 CHAPTER V. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 5.1 Types and scale of impacts The subproject to be implemented in the area will cause certain impacts during the construction phase, however, the impact level is not high and can be minimized. Upon the completion of construction, the residential areas in the 07 reservoirs will be benefited from the restoration of public services/facilities, which promote economic growth and access to social services. Important flood control structures that are roads and dams to be repaired, reinforced, rehabilitated will increase the safety for people and property in bad weather conditions. Potential negative impacts are identified and screened at each subproject component from the preparation phase to the operational phase and classified according to the nature of the construction works. Most impacts are negative, temporary, local and reversible due to small to medium-sized construction scale of the works. Impacts can be minimized by applying appropriate technologies and specific mitigation measures with the close monitoring of the Consultant, PPMU and local communities. The table below defines the levels of negative impacts based on the levels of waste generation by construction activities1. Table 5. 1. The criteria for classification of negative impacts Impacts/levels Low Medium High Waste water discharge Exceeding the technical Exceeding the technical Exceeding the technical (domestic and industrial waste regulation from waste regulation from waste regulation to wastewater) 1.1 times to less than 1.5 times to less than 03 more than 3 times and 1.5 times and the times and the discharge the discharge volume is discharge volume is less volume is less than 5 - more than 10 m3/day than 5 m3/day 10 m3/day Dust and emissions Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard of 1.1 times to less than of 1.5 times to less than of 3 times with the 1.5 times with the 3 times with the emission level more emission level of less emission level of less than 5000 m3/hour than 500 m3/hour than 500 – 5000 m3/hour Noise Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard of 2 to 5 dB of 5 to 10 dB of 10 dB Vibration Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard of 2 to 5 dB of 5 to 10 dB of 10 dB Domestic solid waste Generating less than Generating from 1,000 Generating more than 1,000 kg/day to 2,000 kg/day 2,000 kg/day Hazardous solid waste Generating less than Generating 100 – 600 Generating 600 kg/ day 100 kg/ day kg/day Explosion-fire, oil Less than 2,000 kg 2,000 to 10,000 kg More than 10,000 kg spillage Potential negative environmental and social impacts are also classified by types as direct, indirect, short-term, long-term and cumulative impacts. 1 Based on Decree No.155/2016/ND-CP on sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection. 62 Direct impacts: The direct impacts occur through the direct interaction of a subproject activity with environmental and social or economic components. Indirect impacts: The indirect impacts on the environment and society that are not direct results of the subproject, which is often created later or as a result of a real complex impact. Indirect effects are also known as secondary effects or even tertiary effects. Cumulative impacts: the impacts that occur as a result of a combination of the subproject with other projects that cause associated impacts. These impacts occur when the incremental impact of the subproject is combined with the cumulative effects of past, present, or future projects that have the potential for predictability. Temporary impacts: the impacts that occur during the construction or within a short period of time after the construction. Long-term impacts: the impacts that arise during the construction but most of the results appear in the operational phase and can last for decades. 5.2 Positive environment and social impacts 5.2.1 Social impacts The subproject will improve the efficiency of 07 reservoirs and bring about positive environmental and socio-economic impacts to the local communities as follows: 1. Improving dam safety: The work-items of repairing and expanding dam surface, upstream slopes, flood spillways will improve dam safety, limit risks of dam breakage, and ensure safety for 1,104 households in 6 communes (Yen Quang , Phu Long, Quynh Luu, Gia Son, Thach Binh (Nho Quan district) and Quang Son (Tam Diep town). 2. The investment in upgrading of 07 dams/reservoir (repairing and constructing new water- intake culverts and upgrading main works) will stabilize the irrigation water supply for 967 hectares of productive land to be active in planning cultivation, crop seasons, seedling structure for the downstream to step by step contribute to improving infrastructure and living conditions in difficult areas. 3. Impacts on management and operation capacity of irrigation systems: The DRSIP project will improve the safety of the reservoirs and help the local authorities in the subproject area to develop long-term rural development strategies and scenarios, taking into account climate change scenarios and realizing activities to implement the national target program on climate change mitigation and adaptation, the Water Resources Development Strategy up to 2020 with a vision to 2050, the National Strategy for Rural Clean Water Supply and Sanitation up to 2020, the Program on Socio-economic Development in Mountainous Areas up to 2020, and the National Target Program for Building New Rural Areas. 5.2.2 Impacts on environment (a) Impacts on air quality and microclimate condition The upgrading of the reservoir construction works will affect the air environment at the construction phase but in small space and impacts are local and intermittent. When the reservoirs are operated, they will have positive impacts on the change of some meteorological factors in the areas. For example, the stabilization of water surface will change the microclimate condition of each reservoir area and the moisture which is relating to the continental dry, nature of the climate in dry seasons. In addition, in the operation phase, the subproject will increase the stability of water resources and safety for the works and the dam downstream. 63 (b) Impacts on landscapes Upgrading and repairing management roads and service roads will contribute to increasing access to works, improving landscape, strengthening flood prevention, improving daily traffic, especially for those who use roads to get to work and social services like schools, health centers or markets. The replacement of earth dams with concrete dams, with a number of auxiliary works solidified and repaired, which have been damaged due to long exploitation (approximately 30 years), in addition to the solidification of public service roads, also contributes a part in improving landscape and environment, making transportation more convenient for households living nearby reservoir areas. (c) Impacts on ecosystems Impacts on ecological environment: Repairing and improving dam safety will contribute to regulating water flows in flood seasons and provide water in dry seasons, and increasing the humidity and the reservation of underground water. Plants and other species living near water or in water will have development conditions. The ecological condition becomes balanced. Moreover, the subproject area is a subject of prolonged drought, the subproject will contribute to improving the regional environment. At the same time, the subproject creates a favorable environment to develop downstream production. Environmental risks or incidents will be minimized because the reservoirs are safe. In the context of climate change with abnormal flooding and other severe weather events, the improvement of the reservoirs will enhance the sustainability to adapt to climate change (improving flood drainage when upgrading spillways, increasing the stability of dams when widening and raising dam face and reinforcing dam slopes, installing monitoring equipment system for early warning...). The increased regulation of flow regime in flood and dry seasons helps maintain air humidity and soil moisture which will have impact on the growth of organisms. The reservoirs continues to be habitats of aquatic organisms. All of these factors have a synergistic impact on the development of the biodiversity. (d) Impacts on groundwater The completion of the construction works in 07 reservoirs will stabilize the water levels and increase the water level in reservoirs and ponds, which is higher than the downstream areas, therefore, after the reservoirs are operated, the downstream water level is always maintained year round to meet the demand for water for daily life and cultivation of local people. 5.3. Potential negative environmental and social impacts 5.3.1 Impacts in the pre-construction phase The subproject consists of 07 scattered components in 6 communes of 2 different districts. The scale of each component is small and medium. The construction phase is not long. The works during this period were mainly geological survey drilling for feasibility study and detailed design, demarcation of land acquisition, demining and site clearance. Therefore, during this period, we only assess impacts from (1) compensation and land acquisition, (2) risks relating to clearance of mines and bombs and (3) surveying geology, hydrology, landmarks for land acquisition. 1. Impacts of land acquisition The inventory of loss results (IOL) in 6/2019 show that the total number of affected households by the subproject is 25 households, among them: (i) 10 households are permanently affected with agricultural land (production forest land, annual crop land, crops on land); (ii) 15 households are permanently affected with garden land; and (iii) 17 households are affected with structures. Namely: • 02 households will be affected on agricultural land (land for annual crops). 64 • 08 households will be affected on production forest land where acacia and eucalyptus are planted. • 15 households will be affected on garden land planted with some fruit trees like jackfruit, bananas, etc. • 17 households will be affected on structures. There are 13 belonged to vulnerable households (including 01 near poor, 01 policy household and 11 Muong ethnic households). No affected commercial households. The number of affected households in each subproject area is shown in the following table. Table 5. 2. Number of subproject affected households Affected land area Number of AHs Number affected of Agricultural land with Number vulnerabl Reservoirs (Annual crop land) trees on of e (Household) land Commune Commune Producti househol Garde managed People’s s on forest ds n land by Committe land2 Number Number (HHs) Commun es affected (HHs) of of partially severely e (HHs) affected affected People’s househol househol Committ ds ds ee (HHs) Yen Quang Yen 9 0 - 0 9 1 1 Quang Da Lai Phu Long 0 0 2 - 0 2 1 Thach Bai Long 2 0 0 - 0 0 1 Binh Vuon Dieu Gia Son 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Thach Dam Mo 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 Binh Quynh Dam Liem 4 7 0 - 0 2 1 Luu Quang Nui Va 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Son Total 15 8 2 0 0 13 63 (Source: RAP report, 12/2019) The implementation of the subproject's items will permanently acquire 1,112 m2 of land belonged to 25 households, including: • Affected agricultural production land (land for annual crops is mainly rice): 300 m2 (02 households) • Affected production forest land: 368.5 m2 (8 households) • Affected garden land: 443.5 m2 (15 households) In addition, the subproject will temporarily affect 16,300 m2 of land managed by the CPCs, which is bare land without any households‘ planting trees on. Temporarily affected land is used for warehouses, storage yards, workers' camps and temporary infrastructure such as parking lots, material stockpiles and transport routes during construction. Table 5. 3. Summary of land acquisition by the subproject 2 This is production forest land the CPCs allocated for households for planting and management (leased land) 3 Bai Long and Dam Mo reservoirs are located in the area of Thach Binh commune 65 Total permanently Permanently affected area affected area Land for Temporarily No. Reservoirs Communes Forest agricultural affected Garden production production area (m2) land land (land for (m2) HHs annual crops) (m2) HHs (m2) HHs (m2) HHs Yen Quang 1 Yen Quang 202.5 9 0 0 0 202.5 9 2,000 1 2 Da Lai Phu Long 0 0 0 0 300 2 300 2 2,350 3 Bai Long Thach Binh 51 2 0 0 0 0 51 2 1,500 4 Vuon Dieu Gia Son 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,500 5 Dam Mo Thach Binh 0 0 36 1 0 0 36 1 3,000 6 Dam Liem Quynh Luu 190 4 332.5 7 0 0 523 11 2,000 7 Nui Va Quang Son 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,950 Total 443.5 15 368.5 8 300 2 1,112 25 16,300 (Source: Inventory of loss, 6/2019) 2. Impacts of unexploded ordnance (UXO) The subproject will repair and upgrade the reservoirs within the construction scope, which are in operation. During the surveys and consultations with the local communities, authorities and leader representatives of the consulted communes/towns, it is confirmed that there are not any accidents relating to the UXO in the reservoir areas to be upgraded. In order to ensure absolutely no risk of unexploded ordnance (UXO) within the safety corridors/right of way of the works and the legal requirement for the safety of construction workers, a specialized military unit will deploy the UXO survey and clearance before starting construction. Therefore, thorough surveys are required to identify and clean UXO before construction. The UXO clearance is expected to be within the construction scope of the works and soil embankments. The total area to be cleared from UXO is shown in the table below. Table 5. 4: Estimated scope of demining UXO Total area No. Reservoirs (ha) 1 Yen Quang 1 3 2 Da Lai 2 3 Dong Liem 1.5 4 Vuon Dieu 2 5 Bai Long 0.3 66 6 Dam Mo 0.5 7 Nui Va 1.5 TOTAL 10.80 (Source: FS report, 6/2019) The project owner will contract with a functional unit to carry out the site clearance to ensure safety. Therefore, there will be no effects or risks caused by the demining in the construction phase. 3. Site clearance The site clearance during this period is mainly carried out by the affected households on the agricultural and forestry land that is temporarily or permanently acquired. As a result, some waste from the site clearance will be generated. These activities will also affect the fauna in the subproject area due to habitat loss and ecological landscapes change. Table 5. 5. Summary of trees, crops affected by the subproject Affected timbers Crop Fruit tree Numbe (trees) s Commun (trees) Reservoirs r of es AHs Bambo Eucalypt Beed Acaci Padd Banan Jackfru Other o us -tree a y a it s Yen Quang Yen 9 1350 0 521 150 0 225 95 - 1 Quang Da Lai Phu Long 2 0 0 0 0 300 0 0 - Thach Bai Long 2 245 0 0 134 0 12 24 - Binh Vuon Dieu Gia Son 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - Thach Dam Mo 1 145 0 0 325 0 0 4 - Binh Quynh Dam Liem 11 1220 1690 213 567 0 150 24 0 Luu Quang Nui Va 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - Son Total 25 2,960 1,690 734 1,176 300 387 147 0 (Source: Inventory of loss, 5/ 2019) 4. Impact due to topographic, geological and hydrological surveying and setting up landmarks for land acquisition Prior to designing and constructing works, it is necessary to conduct geological surveillance, which can potentially lead to impurities affecting the quality of underground water. The process of topographic and hydrological surveys with the presence of surveying staff in the project area, if not reported, working with local authorities can lead to disturbances in the community in the project area. 5.3.2 Impacts during construction The activities that occur during construction have negative impacts on the environment are as follows: - Land acquisition, site clearance, and resettlement; 67 - Exploitation of construction materials for the subproject (backfill soil); - Mobilization of workers and machines; - Transportation, gathering of raw materials and machinery for the subproject; - Treating termite in dam’s bodies; - Construction, reinforcing dams, spillways, and water-intake culverts; - Construction works (management houses, service roads) or installation of equipment (stop- log gates, overflow culverts, monitoring water levels). Types and nature of impacts vary significantly upon nature and scale of each activity, location, environmental and social condition, human habit and time factor. In general, all activities of the work-items are relating to medium-sized construction scale, in which the majority of negative environmental impacts are temporary, local and changeable, which can be mitigated via the application of appropriate construction and technology management measures, and with close supervision of contractor performance and consultation with local communities. Some potential negative environmental impacts of the construction works of WB8 Ninh Binh subproject are summarized in the following table. Table 5. 6. Potential negative impacts in construction phase Affected No. Impact types The construction activities Level, time objects I Impact sources unrelating to waste 1 Impact on human health The subproject does not use toxic No No relating to toxic chemicals chemicals in site clearance and construction preparation 2 Impact on historical, cultural The service routes for Dinh Mong Low and and religious relics transportation of materials will work and Vo mitigable pass some local relics but will not Kho pagoda during affect them. There may be impact on the road to construction of tranquility and traffic safety on Yen Quang 1 people who come to pagodas. 3 Impact on downstream areas Draining at the bed elevation of The arable Low and due to lowering reservoir water-intake culverts; and area and water mitigable water level for construction: building upstream coffer-dams to supply for during - Interrupting irrigation water dry foundation pits during the households construction supply. repair and upgrading at the downstream of - Interrupting domestic water upstream areas, water-intake 07 reservoirs supply. culverts and spillways. 4 Impacts on landscapes, soil Gathering large amounts of Land surface, Low and erosion and sedimentation due construction materials and vegetation, mitigable to levelling and removing equipment; ponds, during topsoil of borrow pits Excavated soil, loose materials, construction construction construction site wastes disturb sitess of 07 areas and are washed away by reservoirs rain water into water bodies. Organic soil due to removing topsoil of borrow pits. 5 Impact on surrounding The construction activities: Around the Small scope, ecosystems cleaning ground, clearing, reservoirs short term in exploiting soil, transporting upgraded by construction materials, constructing works... the subproject phase 6 Impact on infrastructure Gathering materials, waste and Local Average and - Damaging rural roads and construction activities narrow infrastructure, mitigable infrastructure; road surface or reduce visibility houses, - Damaging houses and on roads; structures of structures. Damaging rural roads and other people in 68 Affected No. Impact types The construction activities Level, time objects infrastructure: electricity, water, construction telecommunications, houses. sitess 7 Safety risks for the On-going construction pits, People in the Medium and communities loading and unloading, temporary construction mitigable gathering of materials and fuel on sites during roads, power lines for construction construction, gas cylinders or other materials which maybe inflammable or cause accidents. 8 Safety risks for workers On-going construction pits, Workers Medium and loading and unloading, temporary mitigable gathering of materials; during The construction taking place construction near water bodies; Temporarily storing and/or using materials such as petrol, electricity, gas, specific construction activities as welding and cutting steel. 9 Impact of external labor influx Workers from other places to Workers and Low and to the subproject area construction sites; local people in mitigable - Risk of transmitting diseases The construction activities 06 communes. during from workers to local people obstruct people's life, economy or construction (and vice versa) adversely affects landscape and - Risk of conflicts between environment. construction workers and local people. - The risk of gender violence, sexual abuse and harassment, and child labor. 10 Impact due to risks, incidents: During the construction, there Workers and Medium and Accidents, fire and explosion, may be natural disasters, floods, local people in controllable landslides, natural disasters, accidents, electrical shocks, fire 06 communes during electrical shocks… and explosion ... construction II Impact sources relating to waste 1 Dust and emissions Demolition for site clearance; Workers on 07 Medium/low, Transporting materials; reservoir sites, mitigable Other construction activities. nearby during residential construction areas 2 Noise and vibration Demolition for site clearance; Workers on 07 Low and Transporting materials; reservoir sites, mitigable Other construction activities. nearby during residential construction areas. 3 Pollution due to wastewater: Earthworks: 07 reservoirs Small scope, - Increasing turbidity; Mud from construction sites flows in the mitigable - Increasing concentrations into water bodies; subproject, during of other pollutants; Domestic wastewater from some ponds of construction - Organic pollution; camps; households - Pollution by toxic waste; Drift of petrol and toxic near - Other pollution. substances into rainwater. construction sites. 69 Affected No. Impact types The construction activities Level, time objects 4 Solid waste Demolition of existing structure, Construction Medium, dredging and construction wastes, workers, local controllable treatment of dam body people during water bodies construction in (07 reservoirs in the subproject area, ponds of households) 5 Hazardous waste Generated during construction: Soil Small scope, fuel tanks, bitumen... environment, mitigable water during environment construction 5.3.2.1. Sources of impacts which are not relating to waste The risk of affecting human health relating to toxic chemicals According to the technical report documents, no explosives and toxic chemicals are used during the subproject implementation: - The subproject does not use explosive materials to break rock or excavate foundations. - Main activities in the preparation stage: cleaning ground using excavators or manuals; Therefore, the project does not use toxic chemicals at this phase. Assessment of impact level: Not happening 1. Impact on historical, cultural and religious relics The possible impacts on historical, cultural and belief relics are as follows: - In construction sites in Yen Quang 1 reservoir, there is Mong La pagoda which is classified as a provincial-level historical site and Vo Kho Pagoda which is a small-scale relics of the residential area. However, the subproject activities will not affect the architecture of these works. - On the 1st and the 15th of the lunar calendar every month, people going to Dinh Mong and pagoda increase. Besides impacts of dust, smoke and noise, material transportation may affect the tranquility and traffic safety of people who come to Dinh Mong and pagoda. However, this impact is assessed to be medium. - Excavating soil and constructing new sluices may uncover valuable cultural assets. However, the subproject's activities are repairing and upgrading on the basis of existing and long-exploiting works. The subproject area has been studied and determined not to be archaeological areas, therefore, the probability of archaeological detection is very low. 2. Impacts on downstream areas due to lowering reservoir water levels for construction i) Disrupting irrigation water supply Because of the requirement of the upstream repair and construction of water-intake culverts and spillways, small-sized reservoirs such as Da Lai, Dong Liem, Bai Long , Vuon Dieu, Thach La, Dam Mo and Nui Va will be drained at the bottom elevation of water-intake culverts, and upstream cofferdams will be built to prevent water to foundation pits. During the upstream repair 70 and construction, the water supply to the downstream areas is made by pumping, without interrupting local agricultural production. Yen Quang reservoir is an inter-reservoir system, therefore, it is impossible to drain water in the reservoir, the construction method to be applied is cofferdam at upstream and downstream to dry foundation pits and supply water through water-intake culverts. After the construction of spillway and dam, that block flowing water over spillways, water-intake culverts will be repaired. Therefore, the normal water level in the reservoir is ensured, without affecting the water intake for production. The construction phase for dam toes and water-intake culverts is very short in about 2-3 months only. Also during this period, supply water plans from other supplement sources to the downstream areas are arranged. Besides, July-August is the end period of the Summer-Autumn season, the demand for irrigation water in the downstream areas is low. Therefore, the impact on the water supply to the downstream areas due to construction activities hardly occurs. Impact rating: Low. ii) Impact on domestic water supply Lowering the reservoir water level for construction may affect the water supply for about 300 households in Yen Quang commune that are using water from Yen Quang reservoir. The reservoir water is mainly used for washing and raising livestock; the drinking water is taken from dug wells. However, the reservoirs are not drained but only lowered to the bottom elevations of water-intake culverts, the water supply can still be done by pumping, and the construction phase of the dam toes and water-intake culverts is short, only 2-3 months, thus, the impact is assessed to be low. 3. Affecting landscapes, soil erosion and sedimentation due to leveling and removing topsoil in borrow pits The accumulation of large quantities of construction materials and equipment will cause changes on the land surface, reduce the coverage of vegetation, make protrusions due to excavation of dump sites and borrow pits, affecting the natural landscapes in the areas. Nevertheless, these impacts are low and will be restored after the subproject completion. The auxiliary work areas and borrow pits of the reservoirs are located in the downstream areas so as to not cause the sedimentation in the reservoir beds. In downstream areas, soil and rock are often swept away by rainwater, increasing the erosion in material yards and depositing the canal system. However, this activity takes place in dry seasons, so the impact is assessed to be low. 4. Impacts on surrounding ecosystems The ecosystems around the reservoir areas do not have sensitive vegetations but only have forest trees planted for household and regional economic development, vegetable cultivation and fruit trees. The construction sites of the spillways are separate from plantation areas, therefore the construction activities do not affect any natural vegetation. The digging, filling, dumping will cause loss of habitat, residence, reproduction and death of some animals living in the ground as insects and cave animals (snakes, frogs) etc. However, in the subproject area, there are no valuable species that need special protection, so the impact is assessed to be low. 71 5. Impacts on infrastructure i) Damage to rural roads and infrastructure According to the calculations, 7-ton trucks will be used for the transportation to serve the construction. There will be 19,580 trips of filling soil, 26,519 trips of waste soil to dump sites, and 41,963 trips of construction materials (sand, stones, cement, iron and steel of all types) for all construction sites in the construction phase. In all 07 works, the transportation must go through gravel roads (to the reservoirs) and concrete roads. The road surface is narrow with about 3-5 m wide and has not been reinforced. The transporting materials and wastes concentrates in a short time may cause slumping, subsidence, and damage to pavements, bridges, culverts, canals, etc. However, the impact is assessed to be medium. ii) Damages to houses and structures The construction activities at Yen Quang 1 reservoir, Bai Long reservoir and Dong Liem reservoir will affect (demolishment) houses and structures, including 145m2 of brick walls, 85m2 of trellis fences, and 18 m2 of gates/entrances. In addition, there are a number of affected houses along the transport routes to Bai Long reservoir, Yen Quang 1 reservoir, Dong Liem reservoir, Vuon Dieu reservoir, and the military base on the way to Da Lai reservoir, which may be affected by the transport of material. However, due to the short distance of transport, little passing through densely populated areas, and mainly concentrated in the construction sites, the impact is medium. 6. Risks to traffic safety during construction Materials and wastes may drop along transportation routes to 07 work-sites on national, provincial, inter-village, communes, rural and access roads and in-field roads in the subproject area. The average transport distances is about 0.2 - 30 km. The transportation of soil, rock and rubbish, without cleanup of materials falling onto roads, will cause loss of landscape, endangering to people and means of traffic, and increasing traffic accidents for construction workers and local people. In addition, increasing the number of vehicles transported on local roads may increase the risk of traffic accidents, especially if drivers in construction sites do not comply with the traffic regulations on roads. These impacts are assessed to be medium. 7. Risk of accidents for workers during construction phase The construction activities may pose risks to workers such as construction pits, unloading/loading materials, temporary gathering of materials, crane operation, construction near water, temporarily storing and/or using materials (gasoline, electricity, gas), welding, cutting steel, the use of excavators and bulldozers in excavation and filling, compactors, concrete batching plants, and incidents of electric leakage... Impact rating: Medium. 8. Impacts of external labor influx on the subproject area According to the socio-economic reports of the communes in 2018 in the subproject area, a 72 number of social evils like drugs, prostitution, property theft... appear. The construction activities will require a workforce of about 350 people for 07 construction sites, an average of 50 workers per construction site, of which the local workforce accounts for 40%. Therefore, the number of workers coming and staying in the subproject area (about 220 workers) during the construction phase is not large compared to the area's population. The main potential social impacts relating to the external labor influx may be: (i) the spread of infectious diseases from workers to local communities or vice versa; (ii) conflicts between workers and local communities due to cultural and customary differences; and (iii) more social pressure on local infrastructure; and (iv) sexual abuse and attacks to women by outside external labor influx of the contractors during construction. The acute respiratory disease (COVID-19) starting in early 2020 and without medicines and vaccines at the moment will be a potential danger of disease transmission when workers from other provinces are employed for the project. The possibility of spreading the disease from exteral workers to local communities and from local communities to workers is alike. However, thanks to efforts to prevent and control the disease by public health agencies and there are no construction activities at the present time, on the one hand, and we do not exclude the possibility in the immediate future that there will be such therapeutic methods as medicines and vaccines. On the other hand, the risk of spreading the disease can be controlled. It is estimated that the construction period at each site takes over about 6-12 months (in 2 years). Contractors’ workers concentrate when there are large construction and busy workloads in a short time. In addition, only workers who drive vehicles, construction machines, engineers... stay in the construction sites, that account for very smaller percentage than the local population. Therefore, there will be no pressure on the infrastructure in the subproject area. Based on experiences of the similar projects and local conditions, combined with a short construction period, this impact is assessed to be low and manageable. i. Risk of transmitting diseases from workers to local people (and vice versa) According to the assessment of the health sector, the rate of potentially contagious diseases such as respiratory, diarrhea, skin diseases, HIV, hepatitis ... tends to increase in rural areas. Water pollution and air pollution due to the subproject may increase the aforementioned diseases. In addition, workers moving from other places may be sources of diseases. As the consequence, the risk of spreading diseases from local people to workers or vice versa through water, air or contacts in normal living activities may happen. However, this impact is assessed to be low because the local statistical data show that the affection of these diseases is low and outside workers to local areas are small number, who are mainly technical workers and drivers... Impact rating: Low ii. The risk of conflicts between construction workers and local people The construction activities usually in dry seasons with many simultaneous construction items will lead to the concentration of workers about 50 people/reservoir. The above-mentioned workers with their cultural differences and not knowing local customs and practices will likely cause conflicts with local people if there is no measure to manage them. However, the estimated construction time is short (6 to 12 months/reservoir) and with the manual activities such as earthworks, soil transportation, the contractors will consider using local labor. 73 Impact rating: Low. 9. Impact due to risks and accidents Impacts due to risks and accident is assessed to be medium because it is difficult to control and may cause danger to human health as well as to works and properties. - Accidents: Traffic accidents due to increase in number of vehicles, machinery and equipment operating in construction sites and roads to construction sites, and labor accidents due to holes, low-lying land and bumpy areas in construction sites. - Fire and explosion accident: If accident occur, they will cause serious human, economic and environmental damages. The causes of fire and explosion may be identified as follows: Vehicles containing temporary materials serving construction, machinery, and technical equipment (petrol, oil...); fuel storage areas and carelessness of construction workers at construction sites; and using overload electricity for machines that may cause electric shock or fire. - Landslide: The construction phase may occur landslide and sandslide from the repairs of dams, spillways, water-intake culverts, excavation yards, backfilling yards, and material yards. Especially when there are rains and floods during the construction, there will be increase of the risk of erosion and wastewater runoff in construction sites. These effects may cause reservoir sedimentation and increase turbidity of downstream rivers, streams and canals. - Natural disasters: When the works are not yet completed, their structures are not firm and sustainable enough against storms, floods and traffic activities, which may be broken and cause landslides. The risk of erosion and landslide may occur during the construction phase as well as the later operation phase of the subproject. However, the repairing and upgrading reservoirs will increase resilience to the climate change conditions. - Electrical unsafe accident during construction: There may be electrical accident affecting construction workers and surrounding people during the construction phase: • The temporary power supply for construction machines and equipment possibly causes electric shock, convulsions, fires, etc., as well as economic losses or labor accidents. • During the construction near reservoirs, water-intake culverts and spillways, if electric equipment is not properly managed, there may be serious consequences such as electric shock, electrical leakage..., affecting construction workers and the people around. - Negative impacts due to floods: • The construction process, if facing unusual weather, i.e long heavy rains, will possibly affect the quality of works, disperse pollutants into the surrounding environment, and affect the construction progress. • If there are such natural disasters as tornados, storms, tropical depressions, roofs of campsites and construction materials may be sweep away, affecting the subproject progress. • Heavy rains or flooding may increase the amount of water in foundation pits exceeding the maximum allowable limits of the standards, and cofferdams surrounding foundation pits do not ensure the design techniques. • The above impacts are assessed to be low because the construction activities are only 74 conducted in dry seasons. 5.3.2.2. Sources of impacts which are relating to waste 1. Dust and emissions Dust is generated from leveling, excavating, filling, transporting and gathering materials. Dust is swept up from roads due to vehicles and winds blewing through construction material yards. Cement, soil, sand .... and emission of vehicles, construction machinery, burning bitumen... contain dust and harmful gases like SO2, CO2, CO, NO2, HC... i. Dust from excavation and leveling: The total volume of earthwork of the subproject is shown in the following table: Table 5. 7. Estimated earthwork quantity during construction phase Demolition of Backfill soil No. Reservoirs Excavated soil (m3) the existing Total (m3) structure (m3) 1 Yen Quang 1 2,590.86 41,932.10 3,731.65 48,254.61 2 Da Lai 8,914.00 - 2,629.73 11,543.73 3 Dong Liem 3,678.00 - - 3,678.00 4 Vuon Dieu 2,494.82 12,210.37 83.05 14,788.24 5 Bai Long 1,384.00 3,016.14 27.27 4,427.41 6 Dam Mo 2,369.00 3,838.94 34.18 6,242.12 7 Nui Va 945.69 19.21 - 964.90 Total 22,376.37 61,016.76 6,505.88 89,899.01 Source: Basic design estimates, feasibility study report of WB8 Ninh Binh subproject Refer to the guideline of the US Environmental Protection Agency (Air emission factors and quantification, AP42, Fifth edition, Volume I, Chapter 13: Miscellaneous sources, Section 13.2.4 Aggregate handling and storage piles, United State Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Final section, 11/2006), the level of dust diffusion from earthworks is calculated based on pollution coefficient E as follows: E=k*0.0016*(U/2.2)1.3/(M/2)1.4 (kg/ton) Where: E: Pollution coefficient, kg of dust/ton of soil k: Coefficient, depends on particle size, for PM10, k = 0.35 (Particle size table (k) selected according to AP 42, Fifth Edition Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Table 13.2.3-4); U: Average wind speed of 2m/s, Table 4.3 of the report; M: Average material moisture, (3.4%) selected according to the following guidance: AP 42, Fifth Edition Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Table 13.2.4-1); 75 Thus: E=0.35x0.0016x(2 /2.2)1.3/(0.034/2)1.4 = 0.1485 (kg/ton) The calculation of the dust amount arising from earthworks is based on the following formula: W = E*Q*d Where: W: Average dust amount generated (kg) E: Pollution coefficient (kg dust/ton of soil) Q: Quantity of excavated and filled soil (m3) d: Density of excavated and filled soil (d = 1.4 tons/m3) Table 5. 8. Load of diffused dust from soil works The volume of each reservoir Workload Dong Nui Va Yen Quang Da Lai Vuon Dieu Bai Long Dam Mo Liem 1. Excavated soil Volume of excavated soil (m3) 2,590.86 8,914.00 3,678.00 2,494.82 1,384.00 2,369.00 945.69 Volume of excavated soil (ton) 3,627.20 12,479.60 5,149.20 3,492.75 1,937.60 3,316.60 1,323.97 1,853.22 764.66 518.67 287.73 492.52 196.61 Dust load (kg) 538.64 2. Soil backfill Volume of filling 41,932.10 - - 12,210.37 3,016.14 3,838.94 19.21 (m3) Volume of filling 58,704.94 - - 17,094.52 4,222.60 5,374.52 26.89 (ton) 8,717.68 2,538.54 627.06 798.12 3.99 Dust load (kg) 3. Demolition of the existing structures Demolition 3,731.65 2,629.73 - 83.05 27.27 34.18 - volume (m3) Demolition 5,224.31 3,681.62 - 116.27 38.18 47.85 - volume (ton) Dust load (kg) 775.81 546.72 17.27 5.67 7.11 4. Total diffused dust load 10,032.13 2,399.94 764.66 3.074.48 920.46 1.297.74 200.60 Dust load (kg) Construction 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 period (days) Amount of dust generated per day 55.73 13.33 4.25 17.08 5.11 7.21 1.11 (kg/day) Average 23.22 8.33 3.54 10.68 21.31 18.02 0.93 concentration of 76 1h ((g/m3) QCVN 05:2013/ 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 BTNMT (g/m3) Notes: The density of soil is 1.4 tons/m3, the construction phase is 26 days/month Notes: • Total dust load (kg) = E x total quantity of excavated soil and rock; • Load amount (kg/day) = Total dust load (kg)/Construction time (days); • Surface dust emission coefficient (kg/day/m2) = Load capacity (kg/day)/Area of construction site (m2). The average concentration of 1 hour (mg/m3) = Load capacity (kg/day)/8 hours/Estimated impact volume (m3), in which, the impact volume is estimated by the impact area that can be affected up to a height of 10m. The results of dust concentration calculation indicate that, the average dust concentration in 1 hour in the subproject area when implementing the construction items ranges from 0.93 to 23.22g/m3, which shows that the dust concentration in most reservoirs due to earthwork is many times lower than the permissible limit in QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT. Construction sites are spread over a large area and away from concentrated residential areas, there are thick vegetation and the space is large, which help reduce the dust concentration. The status of the baseline environment in the subproject area is good. There will be no significant changes to the air environment quality due to the earthworks. Therefore, this impact is assessed as low, local and short term. iii. Dust and emissions from transportation: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution –Part 1: Rapid Inventory Techniques in Environmental Pollution, WHO, 1993), with 10 ton- trucks using DO, Diesel, the pollutant discharge load of Dust, CO, SO2 discharging is as follow: Dust:1.6 g/km.1 truck; CO: 3.7 g/km.1 truck; SO2: 1.48 g/km.1 truck; and VOC: 3g/km.1 truck (with S = 0.05%). The subproject uses 7 ton-truck for transportation. The total trips of transport are calculated as follows. Table 5. 9. Number of trucks for earthwork Volume of each reservoir Workload Dong Vuon Bai Nui Va Yen Quang Da Lai Dam Mo Liem Dieu Long Volume of waste dump (tons) 27,394.27 16,753.73 9,442.16 6,677.03 2,546.27 3,941.18 1,207.84 Trucking distance 1.8 7.4 2.2 1 2.8 2.3 8.1 (km) Construction 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 period (months) Vehicle traffic 15.22 9.31 5.25 3.71 1.41 2.19 0.67 (trucks/day) From the calculations of Table 5.9, it can be seen that the daily vehicle traffic at the reservoirs ranges from 0.67 vehicle turns/day (Dam Mo reservoir) to 15.22 vehicle turns/day (Yen Quang reservoir) equivalent to the construction time of 06 months (similar to other reservoirs). The 77 pollution load and concentration from transporting soil and rock of weathering soil and filling soil are shown in the following tables. Thus, the emission loads of the air indicators according to WHO is calculated as follows. Table 5. 10. Load of waste generated by transportation Volume of each reservoir Workload Yen Dong Nui Va Da Lai Vuon Dieu Bai Long Dam Mo Quang Liem Dust load (mg/s) 0.51 1.28 0.21 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.10 CO load (mg/s) 1.17 2.95 0.49 0.16 0.17 0.22 0.23 SO2 load (mg/s) 0.47 1.18 0.20 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.09 VOC load (mg/s) 0.95 2.39 0.40 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.19 iv. Calculation of average load of dust and emissions during soil transport From the loads of the pollutants calculated above, to calculate the average load of emissions generated by transport of soil and rocks, we can use a variety of models and calculation formulas but the most typical and common is the formula from Sutton's modified model as follows:   − (z + h )    − (z − h )2    2 0,8 * E exp   + exp     2 z    2 z   2 2 C=   zu Where: C: The concentration of pollutants in the air (mg/m3) z: The height of the calculation point, z = 1.5  z : The diffusion coefficient in the z direction (m) is the function of the x distance in the wind direction as determined by the Slade formula:  z = 0.53*x0.73 x: The distance (coordinates) of the calculated point against the waste source, according to the wind direction. u: The average wind speed (in Ninh Binh is 2 m/s) h: The vehicle height compared to the surrounding ground (m) E: The pollutant load from the waste source (mg/ms). The forecast results of the pollutant loads caused by dust and exhaust fumes from transportation vehicles for the subproject construction are presented in the following table: Table 5. 11. Forecasted loads of dust and emissions from trucks Volume of each reservoir QCVN Workload Yen Dong Vuon Bai Nui Va 05:2013/B Da Lai Dam Mo TNMT Quang Liem Dieu Long Distance: 10m Load of 1.11 0.56 0.44 0.37 0.18 0.11 1.70 0.3 dust(mg/m3) Load of CO 2.58 0.57 0.45 0.38 0.42 0.27 3.92 30 (mg/m3) Load of SO2 5.18 0.63 0.49 0.42 0.85 0.53 7.88 0.35 (mg/m3) 78 Load of VOC 2.09 0.21 0.17 0.14 0.07 0.22 3.18 0.2 (mg/m3) Distance: 20m Load of 0.50 0.25 0.19 0.17 0.08 0.05 0.75 0.3 dust(mg/m3) Load of CO 1.15 0.57 0.45 0.38 0.19 0.12 1.75 30 (mg/m3) Load of SO2 2.30 1.15 0.90 0.77 0.38 0.24 3.50 0.35 (mg/m3) Load of VOC 0.93 0.47 0.36 0.31 0.03 0.10 1.42 0.2 (mg/m3) Distance: 50m Load of 0.27 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.41 0.3 dust(mg/m3) Load of CO 0.63 0.31 0.25 0.21 0.10 0.06 0.95 30 (mg/m3) Load of SO2 1.26 0.63 0.49 0.42 0.21 0.13 1.92 0.35 (mg/m3) Load of VOC 0.51 0.26 0.20 0.17 0.02 0.05 0.77 0.2 (mg/m3) Distance: 100m Load of 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.15 0.3 dust(mg/m3) Load of CO 0.53 0.26 0.41 0.18 0.04 0.05 0.80 30 (mg/m3) Load of SO2 0.17 0.11 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.11 0.21 0.35 (mg/m3) Load of VOC 0.07 0.08 0.17 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.2 (mg/m3) Dust: In general, the dust concentration generated by transporting excavated, backfilled and purchased soil is estimated not to be large and spreads evenly on transportation routes. According to the calculations, the dust concentration at a distance of 10m does not exceed QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality. However, it should be noticed that the amount of dust generated depends quite large on the mobilization of machinery and vehicles on site. Sometimes construction machinery and facilities are highly concentrated, impact from dust will also be a sudden increase. The main roads for transporting raw materials which are the main transportation axis in the subproject area will be affected by dust. According to the air quality analysis in Chapter 4, the current air quality in these areas remains good and within the standards. Therefore, with the subproject activities, the impact of dust is obvious but not regular and can be mitigable during construction. Affected people are households living along the roads. The dust impact level occurring in levelling, backfilling and transportation is therefore assessed to be at average level. Emissions: The calculation results compared with QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT are still within the allowable limits. Distance: the construction locations to households are quite far (50-100m), thus the impact level is assessed to be low. 79 Impact rating: Low It can be realized that the emissions depends greatly on the mobilization of construction equipment on site. On the other hand, as the construction time is long, emissions are not concentrated at one period of time but spread quickly in the air. The use of machinery with periodic quality registry will also help keep the emissions into the environment within the allowed standards. When well management and environmental protection measures are implemented, this impact can be controled and minimized. 2. Noise and vibration: i. Noise: Noise generated by the operation of machinery and vehicles (excavators, trucks, cement mixers, etc.). The levels of noise pollution from construction and transportation vehicles are as follows. Table 5. 12. Noise pollution levels of construction machinery No. Machines and Noise at Spread the noise (dB) equipment 15.24 m* 50 m 80 m 100 m 120 m 150 m 200 m 1 Buldozers 85 74.68 70.60 68.66 67.08 65.14 62.64 2 Excavators 83 72.68 68.59 66.66 65.08 63.14 60.64 3 Rollers 74 63.68 59.59 57.66 56.08 54.14 51.64 4 Trucks 88 77.68 73.60 71.65 70.08 68.14 65.64 5 Concrete mixers 88 77.68 73.60 71.65 70.08 68.14 65.64 QCVN26–2010/BTNMT 6h – 21h 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 21h – 6h 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 Source: * The US Federal Transit Admistration (FTA). Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. 2006 For all 07 reservoirs within the upgraded scope of the subproject, due to the specific terrain of the rural mountainous areas, the distance from the proposed construction sites to the nearest residential area is from 50-200m. On the other hand, the construction works will be done on daytime and the ground is not unobstructed, the impact of noise during the construction phase on the communities is low. The main objects to the noise impact are construction workers working directly on site. The permissible limits of sound pressure levels at working locations and direct labor are in accordance with QCVN 24:2016/BYT: National Technical Regulation on Noise - Permissible Exposure Levels at Workplace. ii. Vibration: The construction may be the cause of ground vibration due to construction facilities and equipment. This vibration spreads along the soil environment but will be reduced significantly over distances. The vibration levels of some construction equipment is as follows: Table 5. 13. The vibration levels of some construction equipment No. Machines and equipment PPV at 7.62 m Lv at 7.62 m 1 Compactors 0.064 94 2 Drillers 0.027 87 80 No. Machines and equipment PPV at 7.62 m Lv at 7.62 m 3 Heavy trucks 0.023 86 4 Concrete mixers 0.023 88 Source: D.J. Martin. 1980, J.F. Wiss.1974, J.F. Wiss. 1967, David A. Towers. 1995. The subproject's construction equipment is basic as pile driving machines, compactors, heavy trucks, and concrete mixers. Based on the results presented in Table 5.14, the due distance of strong vibration is about 10 meters from source, therefore in the subproject area, subject to strong vibration is mainly the surrounding and nearby areas of the construction works. However, as the construction works are far away from residential areas (50-200m) and wide, the vibration impact assessed to be low. Impact rating: Low 3. Pollution by wastewater During the construction phase, wastewater and rainwater will flow from construction sites, material gathering yards, and workers camps to the surrounding. If not being well managed, wastewater and rainwater will possibly pollute water sources, causing environment unsanitary, and will spread pathogens. The types of wastewater include: - Construction wastewater: Excess water from concrete mixing; water is pumped from foundation pits. - Rainwater runoff: Rainwater runoff may bring surface waste and pollutants into nearby water sources, which are reservoirs and irrigation canals. - Domestic wastewater from worker camps: This amount of water will be discharged into water sources through septic tanks built on site. i. Construction wastewater: The construction on site uses water for concrete mixing, mortar mixing, maintenance, washing of machines and construction equipment. Construction wastewater is mainly from mixing concrete, grouting, washing equipment and vehicles, and other mixing areas of cement mortar, stone sieve and construction materials. The characteristics of this wastewater are that it contains high SS and pH but flows small, so its impact scope on the surrounding environment is low. Also, water used for cleaning tools and equipment contains high levels of oil and grease. However, the construction is done section by section by the successive method and the number of machines used for the construction is not high and scattered, therefore, the volume of water used for washing vehicles is infrequent and negligible. The volume of construction wastewater, equipment and vehicle washing water at each project site is estimated at 1-2m3/day. The total volume of construction wastewater at 07 project sites is 2 x 7 = 14 m3/day. Wastewater from the construction process, concrete maintenance and repairing, and washing equipment and vehicles contains hazardous wastes such as cement, oil, grease which will be very toxic to the aquatic environment. However, the volume of these two types of wastewater is not high, so the impact scope is small. During the construction of spillways and culverts, part of concrete will be submerged, therfore, water will wash away some impurities in concrete which will contaminate reservoir water. If the 81 reservoir water level is low, the concentration of impurities washed away from concrete may affect aquatic animals. Because the construction and repair of main works takes place in the dry season when the reservoir water level is low, in addition to short construction time, wastewater impact on the hydrological regime and reservoir water quality is at low level, therefore, the impact of construction wastewater on soil and water environments is assessed to be low and mitigable. ii. Rainwater runoff: Water flowing through construction sites increases turbidity and concentration of suspended solids, adversely affecting water quality and aquatic life, which may increase in sedimentation as rainwater may bring soil, waste, oil ... from construction sites to existing drainage, river and sea basins or cause inundation. Surface water runoff through campsites, if not well managed, could swept away domestic waste and human waste and result in pollution and diseases. To assess impacts of stormwater runoff from a construction site to surrounding environment, we use the drainage calculation method based on the limit intensity formula (Source: TCVN 7957: 2008 - Drainage - External Networks and Works - Design standards) for a hydraulic system as follows: Q = C * I * A/1000 Where: Q: Volume of rainwater overflowing (m3/day); C: Flow coefficient, which depends on soil surface characteristics. For the construction area to be affected by excavation and filling, C = 0.12; I: Maximum daily rainfall (mm/day), I = 197 mm/day (QCXDVN 02: 2008/BXD); A: Catchment area (m2). Thus, the volumn of rainwater overflowing a day at construction sites can be estimated as follows: Table 5. 14. Calculation of rainwater overflowing Yen Dong Vuon Nui Va Parameters Da Lai Bai Long Dam Mo Quang Liem Dieu Catchment 3.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 area A (m2) Volume of rainwater 49,570.92 3,348.28 3,347.28 3,347.28 16,523.64 16,523.64 3347.28 overflowing Q (m3/day) Based on the measurements in 2009 by the Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology of Ho Chi Minh city, the concentrations of pollutants in rainwater in urban areas in the absence of pollution sources and in the case of construction works are provided in the table below. Table 5. 15. Pollution concentration in rainwater overflowing Rainwater in QCVN Rainwater in Pollutants urban areas with 40:2011/BTNMT Waste (kg/day) urban areas works (Column B) 1. COD (mg/l) 10 - 20 30 – 50 150 0.024-9 82 2. T-N (mg/l) 0.5 - 1.5 1-1.5 40 0.01-2.7 3. T-P (mg/l) 0.004 – 0.03 0.02-0.05 6 0-0.009 4. SS (mg/l) 10 - 20 80-120 100 2.4 -21.6 5. Mineral grease <0.01 3-5 10 0-0.9 (mg/l) Source: Ho Chi Minh City Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 2009 Thus, rainwater runoff in construction sites usually contains suspended solids only that exceed QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (Column B), if the concentration of mineral oil is not well isolated, it will likely exceed the discharging standards. However, the construction activities are estimated to be carried out only in the dry season (November to May), so they are assessed to be low and can be minimized such as shielding material storage and regularly cleaning up surplus materials, waste soil, garbage, workers' daily wastewater or ditch rainwater drainage. iii. Domestic wastewater of workers: It is expected that the number of workers concentrated in each reservoir is 50 people. The average amount of wastewater discharged per person is 50 litters/person/day. Total wastewater of all construction workers in each reservoir is 2.5 m3/day. According to the local survey, the volume of wastewater discharged by one person in rural areas averages 50 l/person/day. For workers on construction sites, the average working time is 8 hours/day, equivalent to 1/3 of the time of 1 day, so the volume of wastewater is equal to 30% of the ordinary person's wastewater. Total wastewater of all construction workers in each reservoir is 750l/day or 2.5 m3/day. Domestic wastewater contains suspended solids, organic matter, nutrients and microorganisms. The concentrations of pollutants in wastewater, without collection and treatment systems, are shown in Table 5.16. Table 5. 16. Content of pollutants in domestic wastewater QCVN 14:2015/BTNMT (Column No. Parameters Average content (mg/l) (*) B) K coefficient = 1.2 1 TSS 220 120 2 BOD5 250 60 (*) Source: Wastewater treatment technique - Tran Van Nhan, Ngo Thi Nga - Science and Technology Publishing House, 1999 From the calculated data in the above table. We can see that the indicators: SS, BOD5 exceed the allowable limits as prescribed by QCVN 14-2015/BTNMT (Column B) for many times. Therefore, this source of domestic wastewater must be treated when discharged into the receiving water. Therefore, on each construction site of the reservoirs, workers' toilets should be hygienic according to QCVN 01: 2011/BYT - National technical regulation on latrines - hygienic conditions, to ensure that there is no environmental pollution. Impact rating: Medium 4. Solid waste a. Construction solid waste: 83 The total amount of waste generated from the demolition of the existing structure and the surplus soil that needs to be transported to dump sites during the construction of each reservoir is listed in the following table. Table 5. 17. Total solid waste generated during construction Yen Dong Vuon Nui Va Da Lai Bai Long Dam Mo Quang Liem Dieu Excess soil (m3) 2,590.86 8,914.00 3,678.00 2,494.82 1,384.00 2,369.00 945.69 Excavation of 21,071.76 5,210.00 5,764.16 4,099.16 1,135.00 1,538.00 262.15 organic soil(m3) Demolition of 3,731.65 2,629.73 - 83.05 27.27 34.18 - structures and stone bricks (m3) Trucking 1.8 7.4 2.2 1 2.8 2.3 8.1 distance (km) Total (m3) 27,394.27 16,753.73 9,442.16 6,677.03 2,546.27 3,941.18 1,207.84 The surplus soil and demolition waste will be transported by trucks to disposal sites with an average distance from 1 km (Vuon Dieu reservoir) to 8.1 km (Nui Va reservoir), from construction sites to licensed disposal sites (please see details of disposal sites in Appendix 6. Minutes of agreed locations of borrow pits and disposal sites). Other types of waste: cement bags, wood, steel, grease, fuel, and vegetable bags generated during the construction. Construction waste from the construction phase includes construction materials as cement bags, iron, excess steel, wood chips, crates, etc., if not being collected and reused for recycling, will be negative impact on the environment and waste of money. This type of waste is composed of inert and non-toxic substances and some of which can be recycled or used for other purposes. Impact rating: Low ii. Domestic waste from worker camps: Domestic waste includes organic waste, cardboards and papers. At the peak construction periods, there will be about 50 workers. 60% of which are external workers staying in the camps, equivalent to 30 people. Thus, each construction site will generate an estimated domestic waste quantity of 15kg/day (0.5kg/person/day). Currently the subproject communes, environmental sanitation groups that collect waste from all neighborhoods daily are established. Waste is then gathered in a communal landfill for burial or incineration. Particularly in Quang Son commune, Tam Diep town, waste is collected and treated by Tam Diep Urban Environment Company at a centralized landfill. The worker camps located in the communes will follow the local waste collection and treatment. With the estimated amount of waste, when collected and treated daily, it will not pollute the surrounding environment. Impact rating: Low 5. Impacts due to hazardous waste 84 Some types of hazardous waste may be generated during the construction phase: waste welding rods, waste asphalt concrete from the demolition, used oil and grease (of construction vehicles), and chemicals for killing termites to protect dam bodies. Hazardous waste generated during the subproject implementation includes waste grease, oily rags and containers. Oil and grease discharged according to the hazardous waste management regulations is classified as hazardous waste. Waste oil and grease from maintenance, repair of vehicles and construction machinery in the subproject area is inevitable. The volume of waste oil and grease generated during the construction depends on the following factors: - Number of vehicles and construction equipment on site. - Volume of oil and grease discharged from transport and construction means. - Period of oil change and maintenance of vehicle and equipment. - Greasy rags from maintenance of vehicle and equipment. According to the experience in the construction projects, the average amount of oil and grease generated from motor vehicles and construction is 7 litters/1 replacement. The largest cycle of oil change and maintenance of machinery and equipment is 3 months/time. The number of vehicles and construction equipment that need replacing oil and grease used mainly in the subproject area is 18 types. Therefore, the average amount of waste grease and oil generated on construction sites is (18 vehicles x 7 litters/time)/3 months = 42 litters of oil and grease/month. In addition, there are generation of waste grease rags, cans, containers estimated at 6kg/month. The volume of these types of waste is not high, but without proper management and treatment, there will be adverse impacts on the soil environment and the water environment: oil and grease can penetrate and pollute soil or surface water. Ninh Binh has many industrial production establishments. Environmental treatment companies, including hazardous waste treatment, have been operating for many years in the province and they manage waste collection, transportation and disposal services. Contractors can sign contracts to collect and treat hazardous wastes such as machine oil on construction sites with these companies, without causing pollution to the environment. Impact rating: Low and manageable 6. Impacts on the ecology i. Aquatic ecosystem The construction activities on site as soil excavation, drainage for construction ... make water reservoir turbid, the water quality changes due to leakage of oil, grease... Soil/stone encroachment losses habitats, spawning areas, kills juvenile offspring, reduction of photosynthesis of algae ... It will disrupt and alter the habitats of fish and other aquatic, affect the life of aquatic ecosystems. However, due to the poor biodiversity and the rapid ecosystem recovery time in the construction area, the impact is assessed to be low. ii. Terrestrial ecosystem The levelling ground will cause loss of habitat, residence, reproduction and death of some species of animals living inland such as insects, animals living in caves like snakes, frogs... Dust, emissions from construction affect the living and the development of the fauna and the flora in the area and the surrounding areas. Dust sticking on leaves reduces photosynthesis of trees and heats leaf. SO2, CO, H2S cause leaf disease and affect the growth of plants. However, this effect 85 does not affect much on the development of the surrounding vegetation. Clearing trees, vegetation and ground excavation causes soil erosion. The impacts are short-term and limit in the construction sites and the native ecosystem fast recovers, the impact level is assessed to be low. 7. Impact on soil environment The exploitation of construction materials: exploitation of filling soil, construction activities, transportation, material gathering...will affect the soil environment, breaking the surface structure, changing the fertility of the topsoil. Construction waste such as cardboards, steel scraps, plastic boxes, soil, waste stones... without collection will mix on land. Non-degradable wastes such as nylon, iron, etc. will affect the soil environment. Domestic wastes from workers on site easily disintegrate and create bad odours. If workers are not equipped with hygienic toilets, they will discharge directly into the environment, which will affect soil environment. However, this type of waste is mostly concentrated in the workers' houses, it is easy for the collectors to treat, therefore the impact is not significant. Solid waste containing grease and oil is hazardous waste but there is small volume. This is a non-degradable type of waste in the soil environment, so if there is no waste treatment method, it will affect the soil environment. Construction wastewater contains cement. Wastewater from repair points, washing equipment, trucks contains toxic oil, grease. These types of wastewater, when seeping into the soil, will make the soil harden but it is little and its impact scope is small. According to the study and the field survey, we found that the temporary occupation area for construction of auxiliary items is not large, wastewater and garbage arising during the construction time at site are collected and thoroughly treated, which does not affect the soil environment. Therefore, the impacts are assessed at low level. 8. Impact due to seepage treatment by grouting drilling technique The waterproofing grouting drilling for foundation and dam body will cause dust due to operation of vehicles and machines and noise when drilling dam body and grouting. However, this work takes place on the main dam surface, the impacts will not affect people in the surrounding area. During the drilling, rock and soil around boreholes are unstable and may collapse or flow. There is a possibility of collapsing and landslide into reservoirs which is dangerous for people and means in the construction sites. High-pressure grouting may fracture bedrock, spill mortar onto the surface, or flow into the loading layer. This results in deterioration of existing structure, hardening of the exposed soil surface due to the spill. In addition, drilling materials such as mortar, machine oil, additives... possibly flow into water sources, arable land in adjacent areas causing pollution. The process of drilling holes on dam body potentially imposes impurities affecting the quality of underground water. However, the subproject works applied with this measure: Yen Quang 1, Da Lai and Dong Liem, are not large structure (Da Lai reservoir is a class-II work, Yen Quang I reservoir and Da Lai reservoir is class-IV works), so the grouting volume and the grouting depth is not much (the dam body of Yen Quang 1 and Dong Loi is 2 m, and Da Lai is 3m), therefore, the possibility of this impacts is low. Moreover, the impact only affects around the boreholes, the rights of ways of irrigation works are within 50m around the boreholes and none of the mentioned objects is affected. In addition, technical requirements for the dam body waterproofing drilling will applied, which will be safe during the subproject implementation. Therefore, the impact is assessed to be low and manageable. 86 9. Specific impacts The construction of the different subproject items may affect some sensitive areas near construction sites and 04/07 construction items of the subproject will have specific impacts. However, the levels of impacts are assessed from low to average, in short time and can be minimized during construction. 87 Table 5. 18. Potential impacts during construction to sensitive works Sensitive works Locations/descriptions Potential impacts Severity 1. Vo Kho Pagoda Located on a reservoir bank of Yen Quang 1, adjacent to Vehicles, machines and construction Low the production forest but not on the management road of activities may obstruct traffic and are the reservoir. This is a place of cultural and religious unsaved for people to the pagoda. activities of people in Yen Ninh village, Yen Quang However, according to the survey, the commune. Villagers often go to the pagoda on the 1st and number of people going to the pagoda is the 15th of the lunar month. not crowded, focusing on the 1st and the Yen Quang 1 reservoir, Yen Quang commune, Nho Quan 15th of the lunar calendar every month. In district addition, the pagoda is about 300m away from the construction site. Construction operations are likely to generate dust, noise, vibration, affecting structure and religious activities in the pagoda. The operations causing loud noise and vibration such as demolishing works to upgrade dam surface and building spillways... are carried out on the main dam, far from the pagoda (about 300m), so the effects of noise and vibration is low. 2. Mong La pagoda The road goes through the dams of the reservoirs of Yen Vehicles, machines and construction Medium Quang 1 and Yen Quang 2 to Mong La pagoda, which has activities may obstruct traffic of people to been classified as a provincial cultural relic. People the pagoda, causing noise and affecting the everywhere come here on the 1st and 15th of the lunar tranquillity of the pagoda. months. However, according to the survey, the Yen Quang 1 reservoir, Yen Quang commune, Nho Quan number of people going to the pagoda is district. not crowded, focusing on the 1st and the 15th of the lunar calendar every month. In addition, the pagoda is about 200m away from the construction site. Construction operations are likely to 88 Sensitive works Locations/descriptions Potential impacts Severity generate dust, noise, vibration, affecting structure and religious activities in the pagoda. The operations causing loud noise and vibration such as demolishing works to upgrade dam surface and building spillways... are carried out on the main dam, far from the pagoda (about 200m), so the effects of noise and vibration is low 3. Military baseBase The military base and training areas are located along the The construction activities may affect Low road to the dam face, about 400m from the dam. training plans, safety of military equipment, traffic accidents, dust, noise Da Lai, Phu Long commune, Nho Quan district. and vibration. The road leading to the dam face goes through the barracks, but from the wall surrounding the barracks to soldiers’ houses is quite far away, about 100m, so the impact of vibration and noise will not affect soldiers and people entering and leaving the barracks. 4. Residential houses along The location is 5m far from the management road The transportation of construction vehicles Low management road passing may affect the wall structure, Bai Long reservoir, Thach Binh commune, Nho Quan causing house cracks. district. Causing dust and noise to daily life of households, increasing the risk of traffic accidents. Restrictions on the weight and speed of construction vehicles traveling through residential areas will reduce the risk of cracking, breaking house wall and limiting the risk of traffic accidents. 89 Sensitive works Locations/descriptions Potential impacts Severity 5. The Research Station for The head office and the breeding facilities of the pig The construction activities may crack walls Low Pig Variety breeding station are located about 7m from the road to the and structures reservoir. Causing dust and noise to daily activities Nui Va reservoir, Quang Son commune, Tam Diep town of officials, workers and production activities of the center; increasing the risk of traffic accidents. Restrictions on the weight and speed of construction vehicles traveling through residential areas will reduce the risk of cracking, breaking house wall and limiting the risk of traffic accidents. 90 5.3.3 Impacts in operation phase During the operation phase of the reservoirs, some major negative impacts are identified and assessed. Table 5. 19. General impacts of the subproject during the operation phase Description of No. Impact types Affected objects Level, time activities 1 Changes of living conditions Local communities Positive, long- and public health thanks to the tem impact improved water supply 2 Changes of local people’s Local communities Positive, long- accessing to services thanks to tem impact building roads to the facilities 3 Impacts due to waste from Generating wastes Water in 06 Negative, agriculture and aquaculture. (bottles, containers of reservoirs in the medium, long- pesticides, fertilizer subproject area tem impact bags...), hazardous chemicals (pesticides) and aquaculture feeds because the irrigation area is stabilized according to the original design thanks to the upgraded reservoirs, reducing water loss, increasing the area of arable land in the subproject area. 4 Impact due to domestic waste Indiscriminate Water in 06 Low, long discharge of waste by reservoirs in the people entering subproject area production areas or reservoir operators. 5 Drowning accidents Local community, Negative, low, especially children long term impact 6 Impact on production and daily Works maintenance Residential and Low, local, life due to temporary water cut and operation production areas short time downstream areas of 07 reservoirs 7 Incidents of losing houses, Emergency flood Residential and Medium, long properties, affecting human life discharge and dam production areas break downstream areas of 07 reservoirs 1. Changes of living conditions and public health thanks to the improved water supply The living conditions improved in combination with the economic development going up make contribution to not only people’s additional income of agricultural products but also living stabilization. Regional landscapes and ecological environments: the reservoirs, after the repair and upgrading completes, will contribute to improving landscapes of reservoir areas, convenient transportation and freshwater fish to live. 91 Local socio-economy: the stable agricultural production, people's lives, income increase from agriculture and aquaculture will be improved. Community health: During this period, reservoir water is taken to high fields which help reduce people’s labor force. Impact rating: high, positive and long-term. 2. Changes of local people’s accessing to services thanks to building roads - The management roads along the works will be built connecting with the existing road system, which will increase local people’s access to such services as markets, trade and exchange areas of agricultural products. - Contribute to promoting the development of the rural transport network. The impact is assessed at a moderate level; the impact scale is small, positive and long. 3. Impacts due to waste from agriculture and aquaculture Along with the stability of the reservoir water sources, the exploitation of water for agricultural and production increases and there would be waste (bottles and packages of protection drugs and fertilizers, harmful chemicals (pesticides), and aquacultural feeding). These are long-term waste sources that need to be controlled because the reservoir water supply is multi-purposed (irrigation, domestic use). Without control measures, there will be significant affection to the quality of the reservoir water. Impact rating: Medium, long-term. 4. Impact due to domestic waste Waste may be indiscriminately generated by people in production and living near the reservoir areas or reservoir operators. However, this is a small problem and easy to control. Impact rating: Low. 5. Drowning accidents The operational management road will connect local roads, resulting an increase in the number of traffic participants through the reservoirs. The reservoirs will be renovated with beautiful landscape which will attract people to visit for sightseeing. When there are activities around the reservoirs, drowning may happen when people fall into water. However, the occurrence of accidents is low as the reservoir management units will install warning signboards around the reservoir but if drowning accidents happened, they would cause serious consequences and damages to human lives. The impact is assessed as low. 6. Repair and maintenance These activities may result in short cut of water. This will have direct impacts on agriculture and other activities of downstream people, and indirect impacts, i.e. income reduced due to non- farming time, environmental pollution and water-borne diseases. However these impacts are assessed to be low because the repair and maintenance time is not long (about a few weeks). 7. Emergency flood discharge and dam failure 92 As the particular nature of the subproject is improving dam safety, the probability of dam failure/breakage appears to be very low. The emergency flood discharge may affect downstream communities with a total of about 1087 households if there are no prior notices, causing direct impacts such as downstream flooding, damage to property, crops and lives, and indirect impacts such as environmental pollution and disease outbreaks and loss of income. However these impacts are assessed to be medium and long. 5.4 Analysis of impact types 5.4.1 Cumulative impacts The subproject consists of many dams; however, the dams are scattered and independent in the province. Moreover, the size and nature of the subproject activities are small and simple, so that the implementation of the subproject activities is not likely to cause cumulative effects. According to the surveys and exchanges with the concerned agencies, at present, in the construction sites of the WB8 subproject in Ninh Binh province, there are no other major projects being implemented on the same spatial scale and time, so the cumulative effects created by other projects are considered to be non-existent. 5.4.2 Direct impacts The subproject implementation will have direct impacts on the environmental and social conditions in the subproject area. Subproject activities will result in temporary or permanent land loss. The construction activities will have direct impacts on the quality of the surrounding environment such as the air, the soil and the water due to the generation of waste like emissions and wastewater and the removal of vegetation. 5.4.3 Indirect impacts The temporary or permanent loss of land will affect the livelihoods of affected people like reducing or losing income, occupation change and possible social contradictions. Indirect impacts are also identified through the risk of deterioration of water quality due to soil erosion caused by vegetation clearing from the construction. Water pollution due to waste generated from the construction may lead to a decline in the composition and decline in number of individuals of aquatic species. Soil compaction due to the use of heavy equipment on farmland possibly leads to a decline in the number of useful soil microorganisms due to changes in soil structure. Loss of vegetation will also lead to loss of habitat for many animal species in the subproject area and increase of the risk of erosion and flooding. 5.4.4 Temporary impacts In general, most impacts associated with construction activities within the subproject area such as noise, vibration, dust and emissions, and the generation of solid waste and wastewater are short. They will no longer exist when construction activities are completed. 5.4.5 Long term impacts The permanent loss of productive land will be a lasting impact on the affected people as some households are perceived as losing productive material and leading to a change in their occupation. Also, environmental incidents such as oil spills or hazardous chemicals will create long-term effects on the environment and human health as these chemicals get long decomposition, which penetrate into the soil, the water and the food chains. In addition, the risks of occupational accidents will be addressed with long-term effects when workers' health is diminished or lost. CHAPTER VI. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS 93 Aiming at improving investment efficiency, ensuring safety and minimizing environmental and social impacts on the downstream areas of the reservoirs, we propose the scenarios to select a design alternative which is suitable for the objectives and the actual socio-economic, natural conditions in the areas of 07 reservoirs. The main construction activities are the solidification and the repair of the existing works. Because the design options, selection of technical solutions, technology in the construction of construction items of the subproject are not different, therefore the focus of the alternative analysis makes differences in the environmental and social impacts in the deployed and undeployed scenarios of the subproject and the optimal construction solution option will be selected. 6.1. Without subproject The works were built for long time and have been seriously degraded. The current status of the works are as follows: Earth dams: All dams in 07 reservoirs on the list are earth dams that have been built and exploiting for a long time without significant investment in upgrading and repairing. Currently, the dams are all seriously degraded, their crests are convex, and the dam cross-sections do not meet the technical requirements according to current standards. Spillways: The current concrete spillways are mostly degraded. Some earth spillwaya have been designed, built and exploiting according to the old standards, and the previous design data are no longer suitable for the current situation, therefore the spillways are no longer capable of draining. Water intake culverts: Most culverts are small, long-time used, damaged and degraded. Management roads: Most reservoirs have management roads but are earth, small and narrow roads, sharp bends, difficulties in management, operation and response to natural disasters in reservoirs and residential areas and especially in emergencies (one of the main categories at risk of insecurity). Management houses: Some reservoirs have management houses but are degraded and cramped, and some reservoirs have no management houses. There is no monitoring system, which is not effective in warning of natural disasters. Roads for management and operation and rescue are rural roads, which are difficult to drive and only rudimentary vehicles can circulate. There are no operation and management bridges, causing difficulties in reservoir operation and management. The current status of the reservoirs is the constraint to the agricultural development, productivity and economic efficiency as the irrigation water is not proactive. This affects the selection and rotation of plants and animals and is unable to exploit economic values of land resources. When the subproject is not deployed, the ecosystem of the area around the reservoirs will remain stable. However, due to the current status of the degraded reservoirs, the potential for damming will cause catastrophe, facilities and disruption of indigenous ecosystems in areas, particularly downstream reservoirs. In recent years due to abnormal weather changes, floods appear a lot with intense intensity, in addition to small size reservoirs, the risk of high unsafety increases. Therefore, synchronous construction solution like investment in construction, repair and upgrading of reservoirs is extremely urgent, ensuring the safety of life and property of the households in downstream areas and serving the local people’s demand for economic development. 6.2 With subproject 07 reservoirs in the subproject area are important works for flood prevention and irrigation for 06 communes in Nho Quan district and Tam Diep town of Ninh Binh province. This is a significant 94 contribution to the improvement of living conditions in the mountainous communes and stabilize the life of people in the area. The completion of the subproject will bring benefits to communities and local authorities. Repairing, reinforcing dam slopes, dam bodies will save the downstream during flood seasons, limit leakage water, ensure irrigation water for agricultural production according to the local government's regulation of production, increase agricultural productivity and yields, and develop aquaculture by increasing the irrigated areas. The completion of the works will ensure stable water supply for more than 967 ha of rice areas and vegetables throughout the year in 06 downstream communes. People can be initiative in the planning of cultivation and change of plant and animal breeds, which help increase economic efficiency on the local agricultural land. The subproject will provide water for aquaculture and recover adverse impacts on the environment and the landscapes of the reservoirs and the downstream areas. Once the reservoirs are repaired, the volume of nearly 10 million m3 of water will facilitate the aquaculture with large values. It will stabilize the water surface for aquaculture, non-agricultural production and business, increase income and living standard. It will create more jobs, income, and improve living conditions for people, especially for unskilled labour, seasonal labour. The construction, repair and upgrading of reservoirs will cause potential negative environmental and social impacts as analyzed above, but the construction phase is short, scale of activities is not large and implemented within a narrow space, therefore, the negative impacts are assessed as not large, temporary, local and likely to be mitigated. Compared with the environmental, economic and social effectiveness after the subproject is completed and operational with the potential environmental and social adverse impacts, the subproject implementation is acceptable. The repairing and upgrading reservoirs will affect the air environment at the construction phase in a small space and the effects are local and intermittent. The completion and operation of the reservoirs will have positive impact on the change of some meteorological elements in the areas. The stabilization of water surface will improve the microclimate of each reservoir area. The moisture change is relating to the dry, continental nature of the climate during dry seasons. During the operation phase, the subproject will increase the stability of water resources, ensure the safety of the works and the downstream of the dams. 07 reservoirs being exploited have some leaked spillways and culverts. There are not slope concrete and management roads. As proposed by the Design Consultant, to save the dam bodies, culverts, the reinforcement, replacement and concretion should be to ensure water storage, avoid water loss and convenience in the process of regulating the production water, operation of reservoirs. It also ensures development conditions for vegetation communities, landscapes around reservoirs and local transport, opening opportunities for visitors, especially in Yen Quang 1 reservoir, Yen Quang commune, Nho Quan district. After completion of construction works in 07 reservoirs, the stable water flow and irrigation will develop plant and animal ecosystems in reservoir areas, coastal areas and downstream areas. The ecosystem for a long time will be continuously, positively affected in diversifying, enriching fauna and flora. The completion of the works of the subproject will stabilize the water table in 07 reservoirs. The water level of the reservoirs will be higher than the water level in the downstream areas, thereby after the reservoirs operate, the downstream underground water level maintains year-round to be able to meet the demand for water for daily life and cultivation of local people. During the implementation, the subproject will affect the ecosystems around the reservoirs, however, the impacts are small and can recover in a short time. Impacts and mitigation measures are analysed and detailed in the next section in the report. 95 The investment and upgrading plans of the subproject Earth dams: Calculate and check dam crest elevations; expand and fill structures toward downstream (in upstream areas, slopes in some reservoirs were reinforced, and in some reservoirs, it is not able to lower water levels for construction, etc.) to ensure the design requirements according to the current standards; and complete the drainage systems of dam body and surface water and seepage treatment through dam body (injection drilling, bentonite wall, ...). Spillways: Calculate flood control indicators to check the drainage capacity of the existing spillways for each reservoir corresponding to the design and inspection frequency, and the most negative case is the inspection frequency required by the World Bank. For the reservoirs where spillways ensure draining floods, upgrading and repairing the current spillways will be implemented. For the reservoirs where spillways do not ensure draining floods, in addition to upgrading and repairing the current spillways, there must be solutions (expanding existing spillways, adding new spillways or elevating dams) to ensure safety for downstream works and other areas. Water intake culverts: Implement detail surveys of current damages of each culvert. For culverts whose culverts are damaged, repair and upgrade them. For heavily damaged culverts that culvert bodies are deep in dam bodies and their diameters are small, consider removing them and build new ones instead. Management roads: Expand and upgrade management roads to ensure widths, curbs and other parameters in accordance with the design requirements of the current standards. Management houses: Investing in construction management of each reservoir area as follows: - Upgrade the current management house at Da Lai reservoir to serve the management and operation of the complex of Da Lai, Dong Liem and Nui Va reservoirs; - Build a new management area at Yen Quang 1 reservoir to serve the management and operation of the remaining reservoirs. Monitoring equipment: For 02 reservoirs with large dams (Da Lai reservoir and Yen Quang reservoir), observation equipment for focal works and basin monitoring will be supplemented for the operation and management. As the remaining reservoirs are small and have small basins, water measurement equipment will be added to measure the water levels on the dams, spillways and water-intake culverts. Selection of construction methods In addition to the socio-economic and environmental benefits provided for the comparison in the case of non-implementation and implementation of the subproject, the construction option for the items requested in the bidding documents should be selected to minimize impacts on the natural and social environment during implementation as follows: The excavation will be conducted top to bottom. Due to large volume of excavated soil, it is necessary to reuse soil to fill roads and temporary works (ground, construction roads, dykes). Before backfilling, it is necessary to treat the humidity of soil. The main method of digging is using 1.6m3 excavators and 10-ton trucks to transport soil to temporary filling sites, and surplus soil will be transported to dumping sites at the prescribed locations to ensure noise reduction, dust generated and limited traffic accidents, damage to local roads. Where excavators cannot be constructed, excavation by hand will be used. Soil excavation and transportation: Using a combination of 1.25m3 excavator, trucks 5-7 tons to transport soil to dump sites at the prescribed locations. The dam filling complies with the regulations in TCVN 8297: 2009: "Hydraulics structurers – Earth dam Technical requirements for constrution by compaction method". The main 96 construction method is using 1.25m3 excavators, trucks of 5T to buy and transport filling material from mines to construction sites of 15km; using 110cv bulldozers to level the soil layers; using compactors to compact soil; in tight locations where compactors can not reach, tampers are instead; within 1 meter of a soil filling work, rich soil or clay without gravel or other impurities is compacted by tampers or by hand to minimize noise and dust generation. Concrete work: Mix concrete by 250-500 liter mixers, pouring concrete by hand. Upstream dam sloping paving: cast-in-place concrete slabs are used to limit vehicle traffic and traffic safety issues in transportation. Downstream sobbing: Grass to be planted to protect slopes is harvested in the vicinity of the works. Grass with solid roots must be chosen, which can live strongly and suffer drought and have low body. Grass is hedged to the planting sites and is firmly attached to the slopes. The position and size of each grass plot must comply with the provisions in the design documents, will help to restore the indigenous ecosystem, protect the surface of the dam against erosion when it rains when the construction phase has just completed. Paving construction: Mainly use manual method to limit the impact of machinery to the surrounding environment and to be suitable with the local construction conditions. Formwork: Formwork installation is manual. Most steel formworks can be used for convinient installation and dismantling to ensure labor safety and saving construction cost. Reinforcement work: Reinforcement steel is assembled and processed mainly in warehouses in construction sites and transported to the site for installation. At the site, small parts are mainly processed by steel and auxiliary works in order to save time, cost and minimize impact on the surrounding environment due to the construction conditions in the area. The dam site is not wide. Other works: Mainly are manual to reduce the impact of mobilizing vehicle and machinery to the site and suitable for each construction item in the condition of each area of the reservoirs. 97 CHAPTER VII. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 Objectives - Comply with the World Bank’s regulations as well as Vietnam’s legal system, standards and guidelines applied at the provincial and national levels. - Ensure that sufficient resources are allocated based on the subproject budget to carry out the activities relating to the ESMP. - Ensure that the environmental and social risks of the subproject are adequately predicted and managed. - Ensure specific and feasible response plan with unforeseen environmental issues in the subproject's environmental impact assessment. - Create an effective feedback mechanism for further improving environmental protection results. - The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) outlines mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures that will be implemented during the development and operation of the subproject to avoid or control adverse impacts on the environment, society and outlines the actions required to implement mitigation measures. The ESMP creates a useful link between adverse impact and mitigation measures and ensures that such measures are implemented. - The ESMP imposes responsibilities for the implementation, monitoring, time and cost for the proposed mitigation measures. The summary of the subproject’s environmental and social management plans is presented in the following sections. 7.2 Mitigation measures 7.2.1. Mitigation measures during the preparation phase 1. Measures to minimize impacts due to land acquisition The main issue in this period is the compensation, assistance and resettlement for affected people whose land, houses, income and assets are affected. The compensation for site clearance will follow the updated resettlement plan of the subproject. The estimated cost of for implementing the Resettlement Action Plan for the subproject works is VND 1,764,389,025, which includes the cost of compensation/assistance for land, works, assets affected by the subproject, income restoration program, transitional support, monitoring and evaluation, management and contingency costs. Implementation of compensation and assistance for affected households - The Project Owner contracts and coordinates with the District Centers for Land-fund Development, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, the District People's Committees, the Divisions of Natural Resources and Environment, the Commune People's Committee, the concerned organizations, households and individuals whose land and assets attached to land are located in the acquired area to inform and guide the accuracy, public measurement, determination of ownership, asset declaration in order that the compensation, support and resettlement plans are approved the most exactly. - Disseminate the compensation, support and resettlement policy of the subproject. - Disseminate the due implementation of the State's legal obligations and interests. 98 - Publicize detailed compensation prices of each type of damage to affected households. - Payment of compensation to the right subjects and on schedule. - Coordinate with local authorities if any disputes occur to ensure the smooth site clearance. The cost of compensation, support and other management costs for affected land/property (land, houses, structures and trees) for the subproject are shown in the table below (for more details, please refer to the RAP report). Table 7. 1. Estimated cost of compensation and support of the subproject (Unit: VND) Unit price No. Reservoirs Unit Quantity Subtotal (VND) A Compensation 1,499,040,238 1 Land 54,794,500 Affected garden land m2 443.5 70,000 31,045,000 Affected production forest land m2 368.5 27,000 9,949,500 Affected agricultural land (annual crop m2 300 46,000 13,800,000 land) 2 Plants, crops 1,263,810,000 Paddy m2 300 5,000 1,500,000 Jackfruit, Dia. 5m to 6m trees 146 360,000 52,560,000 Banana with bunch trees 387 50,000 19,350,000 Bamboo, Dia. > 80mm and 6m high trees 2,960 15,000 44,400,000 Eucalyptus, Dia. > 200mm - < 300mm trees 1,690 400,000 676,000,000 Acacia Dia. 80mm - < 100mm trees 1,176 150,000 176,400,000 Bead-tree, Dia. > 200mm - < 300mm trees 734 400,000 293,600,000 3 Structure 180,435,738 Slag bricks wall (m) m 145 1,061,940 153,981,300 Concrete road/concrete culvert (m2) m2 18 1,037,551 18,675,918 Mesh trellis B40 (m) m 85 91,512 7,778,520 Supporting amounts (pursuant to B Decision No.26/2014/QD-UBND and 73,499,000 the subproject's entitlement matrix) Support for job change and job creation for the recovery of agricultural land m2 300 92,000 27,600,000 (annual crop land) Support for job change and job creation m2 368.5 54,000 19,899,000 for production forest land acquisition Support for vulnerable households (near-poor households, policy HHs 13 2,000,000 26,000,000 households, ethnic minority households) Total 1 1,572,539,238 C Management cost 31,450,785 Cost for site clearance 2% x Total (1) 31,450,785 Total 2 1,603,990,023 Contingency cost 06% 10%* Total (2) 160,399,002 99 TOTAL 1,764,389,025 USD exchange 77,385 (Source: RAP report, 6/2019) 2. Mitigation measures for impacts of UXO clearance The subproject will hire a functional and capable unit like an army unit to clear mines and explosives before the construction of all sites of the subproject components, ensuring safe distance and warnings for people during the implementation in accordance with QCVN 01: 2012/BQP - National technical regulations on clearance of explosive ordnance and QCVN 02: 2008/BCT-National technical standards on safety in transportation, preservation, use and destruction of industrial explosive materials. 3. Mitigation measures for impact of tree clearance The subproject works will affect 268.5 m2 of production forest land of 08 households planting acacia, eucalyptus, melaleuca... According to the IOL results, the percentage of affected land is small compared to the total land area owned by the households. Production forest land is a type of production land allocated to households by the Commune People’s Committees for farming and management (leased land). The average area of production forest land affected per household is not large (about 45m2/household), therefore no alternative afforestation plan is required for the subproject. Measures to minimize impacts related to tree cutting will be implemented as shown in the RAP report: - Affected households will be notified at least 90 days before the subproject land acquisition. - Land owners will hand over land within 20 days (in accordance with the applicable law at the time of the subproject implementation) since the dates that the district compensation committees pay full land compensation for affected households. - Compensation of affected forest land is implemented in compliance with the RAP. Affected households whose trees are lodged down will be informed of the site clearance plans at least 90 days before the subproject land acquisition. Affected households will cut down trees by themselves and collect firewood for fuel or other purposes. Waste from site clearance such as organic waste, plant matter, tree branches, etc. will be collected, transported and treated by the Project Owner. The felling of trees must be complied with the following requirements to minimize impacts on the environment in general and the biological environment in particular: - Clearly identify land acquisition areas; - Site clearance areas should be kept to the minimum; - It is strictly forbidden to use chemicals to devaste trees and grass; - Prohibit cutting trees without permission in accordance with the plans; - The contractors ensure no hunting, trapping or poisoning of animals in the areas. 4. Measures to minimize impacts due to geological survey 100 After drilling for geological surveillance, the surveying and designing units shall immediately fill in boreholes and restore the sites in order to minimize the impact of washing away dirt from boreholes which may affect the quality of underground water. 7.2.2 Mitigation measures during construction phase 7.2.2.1 Mitigation measures for construction impacts Mitigation measures are developed based on the World Bank Group's environment, health and safety guidelines and national regulations and standards to minimize construction impacts, in general, which are presented in the ECOP. The ECOP describe the typical requirements implemented by the Project Owner and supervised by the Construction Supervision Consultant during the construction phase. The ECOP will be incorporated in the appendices of bidding documents and contract documents. The mitigation measures are identified for the following issues: - Dust and emissions; - Vibration and noise; - Waste management; - Biological impact management; - Traffic safety management; - Drainage and sediment management; - Hazardous material and chemical management; - Chance find procedures; - Erosion and sedimentation control; - Workers’ camp management; - Occupational health and safety; - Community health and safety; - Management of stockpile and borrow pits; - Interruption of provision of public services; - Communication with the local communities; - Management of labor influx; 101 Table 7. 2. Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) for addressing construction impacts Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring 1) Dust and emissions - Contractors are responsible for complying with the - TCVN 6438-2005: Contractors PPMU, CSC, requirements corresponding to Vietnam's regulations on Road vehicles - IEMC, Local ambient air quality; Maximum communities, - Contractors must ensure that dust generation is minimal and allowable emission; DONRE not to make people feel it is an annoyance. Contractors must - Decision implement dust management programs to maintain clean No.35/2005/QD- working environment and minimize disturbance to the BGTVT on quality surrounding residential areas; control, technical - Contractors are responsible for implementing measures to safety and minimize dust (for example: using trucks to water roads, environmental covering vehicles transporting materials ...); protection; - Construction materials such as cement, sand and gravel must - QCVN be properly and properly covered during transportation to 05:2013/BTNMT - prevent the drop of soil, sand, other materials or dust; QCVN 05: - Excavated soil and material stockpiles must be protected 2013/BTNMT: against wind and checked prevailing wind directions and National technical sensitive sources; regulation on - Dust masks should be used when the dust content is too high; ambient air quality; - All means of transportation and construction must comply with - World Bank Vietnam's regulations on controlling allowable emission limits; Group’s EHS - All vehicles must undergo a regular emissions and receive: guidelines. "Certificate of quality, technical safety and environmental protection" according to Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; - Be sure not to incinerate solid waste or construction materials (e.g. wood, rubber, oiled towels, cement packages, paper, plastic, bitumen, etc.). 2) Impacts by noise - Contractors are responsible for compliance with Vietnamese - QCVN 26:2010 Contractors PPMU, CSC , and vibration laws and regulations related to noise and vibration; /BTNMT: National PPMU, CSC , - All vehicles and machines must be certified with "certificates Technical IEMC, Local of quality, technical safety and environmental protection Regulation on communities, inspection" according to Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT to noise; DONRE. 102 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring prevent excessive noise from less maintenance; - QCVN - Measures to minimize noise: 27:2010/BTNMT: + Select equipment with less noise; Technical + Install mufflers for fans; regulation on + Install silencers for exhaust and compression engine parts; vibration; + Install soundproof chambers for the equipment enclosure that - World Bank causes noise; Group’s EHS + Install adjacent soundproof barriers, and the minimum guidelines. continuous surface density is 10kg/m2 to minimize sound transmission; + Soundproofing barriers should be placed near sound sources or transmission places to ensure effectiveness; - Install anti-vibration parts for mechanical machines; - Limite operating time for a number of specific equipment or activities, especially mobile sources in residential areas; - Move noise sources to other areas to take advantage of distances and barriers; - Install fixed equipment as far from residential areas as possible; - Take advantage of natural terrain during the design process to prevent noise; - Limit the use of means of transport through residential areas; - Develop mechanisms for receiving and feedbacking. 3) Waste management I. General waste - QCVN Contractors PPMU, CSC , (a) Wastewater 14:2008/BTNMT: IEMC, Local - Contractors are responsible for compliance with Vietnamese National Technical communities, regulations regarding the discharge of wastewater into the Regulation on DONRE surrounding environment; domestic - Consider recruiting local labor to reduce the amount of wastewater; wastewater on site; - QCVN 40: 2011/ - Wastewater treatment system must be provided to treat BTNMT: National sanitary wastewater in areas without sewage collection technical regulation networks. Wastewater treatment systems should only be used on industrial 103 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring for sanitary sewage treatment. When a wastewater treatment wastewater; system is the selected, it is necessary to: - Decision + Design and install in accordance with local regulations and No.59/2007/ND-CP guidelines to prevent any public health problems or soil, water on solid waste or groundwater contamination; management; + Maintain effective operation; - Decree + Install in areas with enough soil to absorb the designed No.38/2015/ND-CP wastewater percentage; dated April 24, + Install in stable land of the same level, well drained and 2015 on waste and permeable, with the separation between culvert and scrap management; groundwater surface or other receiving waters. - Circular - Wastewater from washing vehicles and construction equipment No.36/2015/TT- must be collected into settling ponds before being discharged BTNMT on into local drainage systems; hazardous waste - Upon completion of construction works, wastewater tanks and management; septic tanks must be safely treated or sealed. - World Bank (b) Rain water Group’s EHS - Rainwater should be separated in the treatment process and guidelines. sanitary sewage must be treated before discharge; - Prevent surface runoff from potential sources of contamination; - In case this approach is not practical, wastewater from the treatment and storage areas must be separated from the polluted water flows which are likely to be less polluted; - Minimize flows from areas without potential sources of pollution (for example by minimizing impermeable surface area) and minimize discharge (e.g. by using ponds); - When rainwater treatment is needed to protect the quality of receiving water, the management and treatment should be given to the first discharge of storm water flows, where the majority of potential pollutants tend to be discharged; - When water quality meet the permitted criteria, rainwater must be managed as a natural resource, either for supplying 104 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring groundwater or meeting the water demand; - It needs to install and maintain oil-water separators and lubricant traps at refueling facilities, workshops, parking areas, fuel storage areas and other storage areas; - Sludge from rainwater tanks or collection and treatment systems may contain high levels of pollutants and must be treated in accordance with local regulatory requirements. Without treatment, it must be suitable for public health and safety and the long-term conservation of water and land resources. (c) Solid waste - Before construction, contractors must prepare solid waste control procedures (storage, supply of bins, cleaning schedules, etc.) and must be given careful attention throughout the construction process; - Before construction, there must be necessary permits or waste disposal permits; - Measures must be taken to minimize the likelihood of waste generation and negligence in the disposal of waste at all workplaces. Contractors must provide dustbins and waste collection facilities; - Solid waste must be temporarily stored at the site in the designated area approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and local authorities before collection and disposal by licensed collectors; - Packages containing waste must be protected against corrosion; - No fire occurs, burial at site or solid waste dumping; - Reusable materials such as wooden boards for grooves, steel, scaffolding materials, packaging materials... will be collected and separated from other waste sources for reuse as fillers or for sale; - If not dismantled on site, solid waste or construction debris 105 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring will only be disposed in the areas identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. In any case, contractors shall not handle any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as those in natural habitats or in water; II. Hazardous waste (a) Storage of hazardous waste - Hazardous waste must be stored to prevent or control accidental release into the air, soil, and water sources where: + Waste is stored in a way that prevents tampering or contact between incompatible wastes and allows inspection between containers to monitor for leaks or spills. Examples there are compatible spaces or physical isolation such as walls or containment barriers; + Store in sealed containers away from direct sunlight, wind and rain; + Storage must be on a waterproof surface that is easily cleaned, and properly packaged to accommodate any spill or leak. Storage areas should be covered to prevent rainwater from accumulating; - Secondary containment systems must be constructed of materials suitable for the storage of waste and sufficient to prevent any loss to the environment; - Secondary storage includes wherever liquid waste is stored in volumes greater than 220 liters. The available volume of secondary containment must be at least 110% of the largest storage or 25% of the total storage capacity (depending which monetary amount is higher) at that particular locations; - Provide adequate ventilation where storage of volatile substances. (b) Transportation of hazardous waste - On-site and offsite waste transportation must be conducted to prevent or minimize spills, releases, and exposures to 106 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring employees and the public; - All waste containers are designated for field transport must be protected and labeled with the content and associated hazards, properly loaded on the means of transport before leaving the site enclosed with transport documents (e.g. manifest) that describe the load and associated hazards, in accordance with the instructions. (c) Burying hazardous waste - Chemical waste in any form must be disposed of at an approved burial site and in compliance with local law. Contractors must have necessary treatment certificates; - The removal of hazardous waste must be performed and treated by specially trained and certified workers; - The use of oil, lubricant, detergent, etc. from the maintenance of vehicles and machinery must be collected in storage tanks and must be recycled by the waste oil recycling company at disposal sites; - Unused asphalt or bitumen products must be returned to the suppliers manufacturing plants. 4) Soil erosion - Limit construction activities on rainy days; - World Bank Contractors PPMU, CSC , - Use geotextile to temporarily cover areas prone to erosion; Group’s EHS IEMC, Local - Cover a surface layer of soil to help absorb water gradually; guidelines. communities, - Construction of retaining walls around eroded areas to stop DONRE running water; - Stabilize soil surface easily by planting or concreting method. 5) Drainage and - Contractors shall follow detailed designs on wastewater - TCVN 4447:1987: Contractors PPMU, CSC , sediment systems in construction plans to prevent overflow or erosion of Regulation for the IEMC, Local management hillsides and unprotected areas due to floods, resulting in construction and communities, industry waste affection to local water sources; acceptance; DONRE - Ensure that sewage systems are free of sludge and other - Circular No. obstacles; 04/2017/TT-BXD - Ensure the status quo of areas where construction is not taking of the Ministry of place; Construction on 107 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - Reasonably conduct the earthworks, sawing and filling, labor safety in complying with construction standards, including such construction works. measures as installing wastewater systems, planting trees; - Circular No. - To avoid deposited waste, causing negative impacts on water 03/2019/TT-BXD resources, it is necessary to install sediment waste management of the Ministry of system to slow or divert waste and sediment until planting Construction, trees. Sediment management systems may include cleaning up amending and waste from canals, waste collection tanks, the use of straw, supplementing a protection systems for storm water intake or fences; number of articles - Draining and conveying water: In case the construction works of Circular No. need to be conducted at the water sources (for example, 04/2017/TT- building bridges, retaining walls, preventing erosion), the areas BXDQCVN 08- must be drained and ensure dry conditions to proceed MT: 2015/BTNMT construction. Water after settling is pumped from construction – National technical sites must be discharged into sediment management systems to regulation on be treated before flowing into the water sources; surface water - It is necessary to implement mitigation measures for each quality. specific locality under ESMP when changing water flows or constructing rotating dykes. 6) Management of - Use hazardous materials and chemicals within the subproject - Decree Contractors PPMU, CSC , hazardous framework and strictly follow manufacturers’ instructions; No.38/2015/ND-CP IEMC, Local materials and - Use chemicals on the permission list of competent agencies; dated April 24, communities, chemicals - Users of hazardous materials and chemicals need intensive 2015 on waste and DONRE training in measures to prevent risks caused by exposure to scrap management; hazardous materials and chemicals; - Decision No. - People who are exposure to hazardous materials and chemicals 23/2006/QD- need to be periodically checked for health (not less than every BTNMT: 6 months) and need appropriate rest regime; Promulgating the - Transporting hazardous materials and chemicals: list of hazardous + Use specialized fittings, pipes and hoses for tank materials (for wastes; example, all acids use one type of connection, all caustics use - Circular other equipment) and maintain procedures to prevent the No.36/2015/TT- addition of toxic substances into tanks; BTNMT on 108 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring + Use transfer devices that are compatible and compliant with hazardous waste characteristics of transfer materials and designs to ensure management; safety; - Circular + Regularly check, maintain and repair accessories, pipes and No.10/2019/TT- tubes; BNNPTNT on the + Provide secondary containment, drip or other spill and drip list of plant containment measures, for hazardous material containers at protection drugs connection points or other possible spill points. allowed to be used - Overload control: and banned for use + Prepare written procedures for transport activities including in Vietnam. checklists of measures to be taken during the filling; employ - Circular people who are trained about this process; No.21/2015/TT- + Install measuring devices on tanks to measure internal weight; BNNPTNT on Plant + Use drip hose connections for tank trucks and fixed Protection connections for tanks; Medicine; + Provide automatic closing valves on tanks to avoid - World Bank overloading; Group’s EHS + Use water tanks around discharging pipes to collect spilled guidelines . material; + Use pipe connections with automatic overload valves (float valves); + Pump less than the permitted capacity into tanks by ordering less material than its available capacity; + In case of overload or overpressure of discharge nozzle, it is necessary to control to reduce overload or overpressure. - Reaction and prevention of fire and explosion: + Store incompatible materials (acids, bases, flammables, oxidizing agents, reaction chemicals) in separate areas and separating facilities of material storage areas; + Provide specific material storage for extremely hazardous or reactive materials; + Use flame-blocking devices on vents from flammable containers; 109 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring + Provide lightning protection equipment for tanks, transfer stations and other equipment used to handle combustible materials; + Select building materials compatible with stored products for all parts of the storage and distribution system and avoid reusing containers for different products without checking for compatibility of materials; + Store toxic materials in areas of establishments isolated from main works. If proximity cannot be avoided, physical separation should be done by using structures designed to prevent fire, explosion, overflow, and other emergency situations affecting establishment operations; + Storage area must be on waterproof surface and easily cleaned, appropriately packaged to avoid any spills or leaks. Storage areas should be covered to avoid rainwater accumulation; + Prohibit all sources of ignition from areas near flammable tanks. - Secondary compartment (liquid): + Transfer dangerous substances from vehicle tanks to storage places in areas with enough water-permeable surfaces to avoid loss of environment and to slope down into collection places or containment structures not connected to wastewater/rain water collection systems; + Without permanent and exclusive containment structure for transfer operations, one or more other forms of spill prevention, such as removable covers (may be provided during the operating phase), pressure relief valves on rainwater tanks, or closing valves in drainage equipment or sewers, in combination with oil-water separators should be installed; + Store toxic materials by tanks with total capacity of equal to or greater than 1,000 liters in areas without impervious surface will be covered or braided to hold at least 25% of the total storage; 110 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring + Provide secondary containment capacity for parts (tanks, pipes) of the system of storage of hazardous materials, within the feasible scope; + Conduct periodic inspections of tank trucks (e.g. daily or weekly), and inspect visible parts of tank trucks and piping to avoid leaks; + Use storage systems and dual, composite, or special piping systems, especially in the use of underground storage tanks (USTs) and underground pipelines. If dual wall systems are used, we should provide means to detect leakage between the two walls. - Training: Employees/workers should be trained in hazardous waste management. Training programs include: + List of trained staff; + Specific training objectives; + Mechanisms to achieve goals (practice workshops, videos, etc.); + Means of determining whether training programs are effective or not; + Training procedures for new workers and new courses for existing employees. - Community participation and awareness + There is general information for potentially affected communities about the scope and extent of subproject activities and on-site preventive and control measures to ensure that there is no impact on human health; + Potential impacts on human health or the environment due to incidents or existing hazardous wastes; + Timely and specific information on appropriate behavior and safety measures to be adopted in the event of an accident including practice drills at high-risk locations; + Access to information needed to understand the nature of the likely impacts of accidents to contribute effectively to relevant 111 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring decisions and develop community emergency preparedness plans; + The Department of Natural Resources and Environment and the Department of Health will be promptly notified of any environmental incidents; + Prepare and take remedial measures after the oil spill. For each case, contractor must provide a report explaining reasons for the spill, remedial actions, consequences/damage and remedial measures. 7) Biological impacts - Contractors shall make plans for site clearance, restoration and - Biodiversity Law Contractors PPMU, CSC , reforestation of vegetations according to the relevant No. 20/2008/QH12; IEMC, Local regulations with prior approvals of the Construction Engineers. - Decree communities, The site clearance plans must be approved by the Construction No.65/2010/ND-CP DONRE Supervision Consultant and the contractors need to adhere guiding the Law on strictly to these plans. Minimize areas that require site Biodiversity clearance at the minimum as possible; - The site clearance in mountainous areas requires the permission of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; - Contractors should clear the topsoil of all areas where the topsoil will be affected by the restoration, including temporary measures such as storage and piling up, etc.; excavation of topsoil will be concentrated in the areas agreed with the Construction Supervision Consultant to use for subsequent vegetation replanting and should be protected; - Prohibit the use of chemicals in clearing vegetation; - Prohibit cutting trees unless allowed in the plans for clearing vegetation; - Arrange temporary protective fences to protect trees that need to be retained if necessary, before starting work at that location; - Do not encroach on important ecological resources unless permitted by the Construction Supervision Consultant, who 112 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring should consult with PPMU, IEMC and relevant authorities. These include areas for breeding birds, animals, fish farms, or areas that are protected as green spaces; - Contractors must ensure that no hunting, trapping, poisoning of animals occurs. 8) Traffic - Contractors must strictly comply with the provisions of the - Road Traffic Law Contractors PPMU, CSC , management Road Traffic Law; No. 23/2008/QH12; IEMC, Local - Adopt best traffic safety measures on all operational aspects - Decree communities, for preventing traffic accidents and injuries suffered by No.100/2019/ND- DONRE subproject staff and the public. Measures should include: CP on + Emphasize the safety aspect between drivers; administrative + Improve driving skills and require driving licenses; sanctions in the + Adopt time limits on travel and control panel arrangement to field of road and rail avoid overloading; transport. + Avoid dangerous roads and day times to reduce the risk of - Construction Law accidents; No. 50/2014/QH13; + Use speed control device on trucks and monitor remote actions - Circular No. of drivers; 04/2017/TT-BXD + Keep regular maintenance of vehicles and use of parts of the Ministry of permitted by manufacturers to minimize serious accidents that Construction, may occur due to equipment malfunction or premature providing for labor damage; safety in + Minimize interactions of pedestrians with construction construction works. vehicles. - Circular No. - Collaborate with local communities and authorities to improve 03/2019/TT-BXD sign boards, visibility and overall safety of roads, especially of the Ministry of along strips near schools or other locations where there are Construction on children. Collaborate with local communities on traffic amending and education and pedestrian safety (e.g. school education supplementing a campaign); number of articles - Coordinate with emergency response agencies to ensure that of Circular No. appropriate first aid measures are provided in the event of 04/2017/TT-BXD accidents; - World Bank 113 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - Use locally sourced materials, whenever possible, to minimize Group’s EHS transportation distances. Locating associated facilities such as guidelines. labor camps in the subproject area and arranging worker transportation by buses to minimize outside traffic; - Use safe traffic control measures, including sign boards and flags to warn of hazardous conditions. 9) Disruption of - Discontinuity supply of water, gas, electricity, internet - Decree No. Contractors PPMU, CSC , provision of public services: Contractors must conduct prior consultations and 167/2013/ND-CP IEMC, Local services make backup plans with local authorities on the consequences Regulations on communities, of discontinuing service or disconnection; administrative DONRE - Coordinate with relevant service providers to set up sanctions in the reasonable construction schedules; field of security, - Provide information to affected households on working social order and schedules as well as plans to stop providing utility services (at safety; Prevention least 5 days previously); of social evils. - Contractors must ensure water supply alternatives for affected residents in the event of an interruption lasting more than one day; - Any damages to the existing utility system, i.e. cables, will be reported to the authorities and repaired as soon as possible. 10) Managing - Contractors' camps and workers are temporarily built on the - Labor Law Contractors PPMU, CSC workers' camps land of the subproject; No.10/2012/QH13; - These areas are built far enough from the area used to arrange - World Bank construction materials, containing oil, garbage, discharge Group’s EHS canals, sensitive places such as schools, hospitals, churches, guidelines. pagodas and temples and other hazardous areas such as landslides, subsidence or erosion areas; - The camps must ensure good conditions such as ventilation, sunlight, clean water, garbage collection, septic toilets, mosquito nets, fire extinguishers, medical first aid kits, and other means. Other health protection facilities for workers. 11) Managing social - Use local labor for simple jobs to limit the increase of workers - Decree No. Contractors PPMU, CSC , issues related to in the construction area; 167/2013/ND-CP IEMC, Local 114 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring the labor flows - Explain workers to local customs and practices to avoid Regulations on communities, conflicts with local people; administrative DONRE - The Project Owner and contractors need to cooperate with sanctions in the local agencies to prevent social evils; field of security, - Strengthen propaganda campaigns to eliminate social evils; social order and - Communicate with local organizations to ensure effective safety; Prevention management and GRM so that the affected people can trust; of social evils; - Workers temporarily living in camps and houses for rent must - World Bank register temporary residence with local agencies; Group’s EHS - Workers are strictly forbidden to commit the following acts: guidelines. + Use of alcoholic beverages during construction; + Arguing, fighting; + Participate in gambling, social evils such as drug use, prostitution; + Discard rubbish indiscriminately. 12) Chance finds - If contractors discover archaeological sites, historical sites, - Law on amending Contractors PPMU, CSC , remains and artifacts, including graveyards and/or individual and supplementing IEMC, Local graves during excavation, construction, contractors are a number of articles communities, responsible: of the Law on DONRE + Suspend construction in finding areas; Cultural Heritage + Delineate locations or areas of detection; No. 28/2001/QH10; + Secure locations to prevent any damage or loss of removable - Additional and objects. In case artifacts are removable or still sensitive, amended law on arrange night guards until responsible authorities that are cultural heritage responsible to protect local heritages or the Department of No. 32/2009/QH12; Culture, Sports and Tourism take over; - Decree No. - Notify the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC). The 98/2010/ND-CP . CSC will notify the local or national heritage protection agencies (within 24 hours or less); - Local or national heritage protection authorities will be responsible for protecting and preserving these sites before deciding further procedures. A preliminary evaluation report of the detection process is made for each case. The significance 115 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring and importance of the findings are assessed according to various criteria related to cultural heritage such as aesthetic, historical, scientific, research, social and economic values; - Decisions on how to handle the search will be made by local heritage protection agencies. This may include changes in layout (such as when a relic cannot be movable) for the purpose of conservation, preservation, restoration and retrieval; - If construction sites and/or cultural relics are of high value and the preservation of relic sites is recommended by experts and local heritage protection agencies, the Project Owner should change designs to adapt to the requirements and preservation of these locations; - Decisions related to the search management will be notified in writing by the competent authorities; - Construction works may continue only after obtaining permissions from local heritage protection agencies. 13) Occupational - Overloading working - Directive No. Contractors PPMU, CSC , health and safety + Train workers on lifting, handling materials and finishing 02/2008/CT-BXD IEMC, Local during construction, including setting weight limits on which on reorganizing and communities, mechanical assistance or two person lifting are needed; strengthening DONRE + Plan to minimize the need for manual transportation of heavy measures to ensure objects; labor safety and + Select tools and design work places to reduce force and labor hygiene in holding time requirements, and improve human poses, construction units; including work stations that are user-adjustable; - Circular No. + Implement administrative control on work processes, such as 04/2017/TT-BXD work rotation and rest or breaks. of the Ministry of + Slipping and falling. Construction, + Organize good hygiene practices, such as arranging and providing for labor placing loose construction materials or demolition debris in safety in areas away from walkways; construction works; + Keep regular cleaning of excess waste and liquid; - Circular No. + Locate electrical wires and joints in common areas and marked 03/2019/TT-BXD 116 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring corridors; of the Ministry of + Use non-slip shoes. Construction on - Working on height amending and + Train and temporarily use falling prevention devices such as supplementing a rails or other fences that can support a weight of 200 pounds, number of articles when workers work at an altitude equal to or greater than two of Circular No. meters or at any height if the risk includes falling into working 04/2017/TT-BXD; machinery, water or other liquids, hazardous substances, or - QCVN 18: open areas on working surface; 2014/BXD: + Train and use personal falling protection systems such as National technical seat belts and energy-absorbing ropes which are capable of regulation on supporting 2,268 kg (as described in this section on height construction safety; working as mentioned above), as well as procedures to aid - World Bank people who have fallen. The connection point of the falling Group’s EHS protection system can also support 2,268 kg; guidelines. + Use control areas and safety monitoring systems to warn workers about locations near dangerous areas as well as tighten, mark, label, covers gaps on floors, roofs, or walking surfaces. - Collision by objects + Use specified and limited release or discharge areas, and/or water troughs to safely move waste from top to bottom; + Perform sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, splitting or chiseling with appropriate protection and anchoring when applicable; + Maintain how to move clearly to avoid controlling heavy equipment across loose scraps; + Use protective measures when workers or material are dropped from scaffolding and the edges of high work surfaces, such as handrails and planks to prevent material from being shot; + Move working-areas during blasting and use blasting mats or deflection methods to minimize flying rocks or the eruption of demolition debris if it is done in close proximity to people or 117 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring workers; + Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as safety goggles, side shields, masks, hard hats, and safety shoes. - Moving machinery + Plan and separate traffic locations; operate machinery and walking, and controlling vehicle traffic through one-way traffic, setting speed limits, and workers are equipped with onsite observable vests or specialized clothing to regulate traffic; + Ensure the visibility through the use of easily recognizable coats when working in or on foot through heavy equipment operating areas and training workers to check eye contact with operators equipment before they approach vehicles; + Ensure that there is alarm system when moving equipment; + Use well-tested and well-maintained lifting equipment, i.e. cranes, and ensure the loads when lifting them above the required heights. - Dust + Techniques to minimize dust such as using water or non-toxic chemicals to minimize dust and dirt from vehicle movements must be applied; + Personal protective equipment such as masks will be used in places where dust levels are too high. - Excavation and filling at limited space + Control specific factors on sites that may cause instability of slopes due to earthworks, such as the use of water removal techniques in earthworks, supporting retaining walls and adjustments of slopes to eliminate or minimize the risk of collapse, trap formation, or drowning; + Provide safeguard means to access and exit excavation areas, such as ramps, access roads, or stairs and ladders; + Avoid operating long-term combustion equipment in excavation areas where other workers have to enter unless the 118 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring area is ventilated. + Other construction site hazards. + Arrange specially trained staff to identify and remove waste from contaminated containers, pots, jars, processing equipment or soil as the first step in excavation, construction, dismantling or safely demolishing; + Arrange specially trained workers to identify and select the removal of potentially hazardous materials in construction prior to dismantlement or demolition, for example, electrical insulators or structures containing asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls, electrical components containing mercury; + Use appropriate protective equipment based on occupational health and safety assessment, including respirators, protective clothing, gloves and eye protection equipment. 14) Community health A. Public site hazards - Road Traffic Law Contractors PPMU, CSC , and safety - The risk management strategies to protect communities from No.23/2008/QH12; Local physical, chemical or other hazards related to the construction - Circular No. communities, areas should be made for the subprojects. 04/2017/TT-BXD DONRE - Limit access to construction sites, through a combination of of the Ministry of regulatory control and administrative measures, for structures Construction, or areas at high risk depending on the specific circumstances providing for labor established: barriers, sign boards and propaganda of risks to safety in local communities. construction works - Eliminate hazards on construction sites that cannot be - Circular No. effectively controlled by restricting access to the sites such as 03/2019/TT-BXD covering open areas into small, shielded spaces, secure access of the Ministry of to larger open areas such as ditches or holes or store around Construction on hazardous materials. amending and B. Prevention of diseases supplementing a - Communicable disease number of articles - It is necessary to monitor, screen and give treatment to of Circular No. workers. 04/2017/TT-BXD 119 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - Prevent disease spread in workers and local communities by: - QCVN 18: + Take initiatives to raise health awareness and education, for 2014/BXD: example: implementing information strategies to strengthen Technical individual awareness to address systemic factors that may regulation on affect individual behaviors as well as promoting personal construction safety; protection and protecting others from infection by encouraging - World Bank condoms. Group’s EHS + Training disease treatment for medical staff. guidelines. + Conduct immunization programs for workers living in local communities to improve health and prevent infections. + Provide medical services. + Provide treatment through typical case management at local or community health care facilities; ensure access to appropriate medical treatment, confidentiality and care, especially for migrant workers. + Promote cooperation with local authorities to increase the access of workers' families and communities to public health services and promote immunization. Control COVID-19 disease Preparation of contingency plan: - Contingency plans developed for each construction site that outline COVID-19 control procedures will be applied in the event that COVID-19 epidemic spreads there. Contingency plans should be developed after consultation with central and local health agencies to ensure effective arrangements for the prevention, care and treatment of workers infected with COVID-19. How to deal with a large number of sick workers, which may limit access to the sites to avoid spreading deaseses should be included in the contingency plans. - Contingency plans should be formulated and disseminated to employees including: 120 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring + Isolation and testing procedures for workers (and those they have been in contact with) that show symptoms; + Care and treatment for workers, including where and how this care and treatment will be provided; + Receive sufficient supplies of clean water, food, medical supplies and cleaning equipment in case of an outbreak of disease at a construction site, especially when the access to the construction sites or transport of supplies is restricted. - Such plans should outline specific actions if someone would become infected with COVID-19 at the construction site, including: + Identify arrangements to bring such affected person into a room or an area where they will be isolated from others at the construction site, limit the number of people in contact with that person and contact local health authorities; + Consider how to identify people who are at high risk (for example, due to underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, heart-attack and lung diseases, or due to age), and support them, without stigma and discrimination at the construction sites; and + Consider contingency plans and organize continuous operations if the epidemic outbreaks in a nearby residential area. - Contingency plans should consider arrangements for storing and disposing of medical waste, which may increase in volume and remain contagious for several days (depending on material). It is necessary to discuss and agree on the support that site health workers may need as well as to arrange transportation (without the risk of cross-contamination) of sick workers to intensive care facilities or special treatment at national health facilities. - In contingency plans, it needs to consider how to maintain the safety of workers and communities at construction sites in the 121 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring event of a suspension of works or a disease affecting a large number of workers at sites at any time. It is important that site safety measures are reviewed by a safeguard specialist and implemented prior to a construction site is suspended. - When we make contingency plans for the subprojects, we should discuss with other project managers/labor groups in the region to respond and share knowledge. It is important that local health agencies are involved in this coordination process to minimize changes to local facilities that are overloaded when outbreak occur that they are unable to serve communities. - Coordinate with local health agencies to periodically check health for employees/workers on sites, disinfect spraying of tools, labor protection equipment and work camps on site. - At the time of epidemic occurrence, regularly check body temperature and make personal medical report every working day, arrange construction suspension or alternative workplans, unfocused at construction sites more than 10 people. employees/workers often wear masks, wash their hands with bactericidal solution before and after finishing work. The diseases spread by vectors: - Prevent the spread of larvae and pathogens through sanitary measures and eliminate habitats and breeding grounds of pathogens in human settlement areas. - Eliminate unusable stagnant water. - Increase water flows in natural and artificial canals. - Consider fencing areas with pesticide residues. - Implement integrated vector control programs. - Promote the use of repellents, clothing, nets, and other precautions to prevent insect biting. - Provide preventive treatment with non-immune drugs and coordinate with health officials to destroy disease reservoirs. - Monitor and treat circulating and migrating populations to 122 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring prevent the spread of diseases. - Cooperate and exchange tools and machines with other control programs in the subproject areas to maximize benefits. - Train subproject officers and local people on risks, prevention, and treatment. - Monitor communities in high-risk seasons to detect and treat disease cases. - Distribute appropriate educational materials. - Follow safeguard guidelines regarding the storage, transportation, and use of pesticides to minimize the potential risk of accidental abuse, spill, and human exposure. 15) Stockpile and soil - Large-scale mines or storage sites will need specific measures Contractors PPMU, CSC , borrow pits beyond the scope of mitigation measures in this ECOP; IEMC, Local management - All locations used must be pre-determined in the approved communities, construction technical requirements; DONRE - An open ditch will be built around each storage area to stop wastewater; - For borrow pits that are opened for the first time, it is necessary to reserve the topsoil so that it will be reused later to backfill the mines to their original natural conditions; - The use of new areas for storing, gathering or exploiting materials necessary for the construction process must be approved previously by construction engineers; - When landowners are affected by the use of their land for material stockpiling or mining, they must be included in the resettlement plan of the subprojects; - If access roads are required, they should be considered in the environmental assessment. 16) Communications - Maintain communications with local authorities and interested - Decree No. Contractors PPMU, CSC , with local communities. Contractors should cooperate with local 167/2013/ND-CP IEMC, Local communities authorities (commune, village heads) on agreed construction on sanctioning communities, plans in sensitive areas or at sensitive times (such as religious administrative DONRE festivals); violations in the 123 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - Make Vietnamese copies of ECOP and related environmental field of security, protection documents for local agencies and workers; social order and - Narrowing playing spaces and parking lots: Loss of public safety. infrastructure during construction is often an inconvenience for people in sensitive areas. However, the consultation with affected people will be an opportunity for research and implementation of alternatives; - Disseminate subproject information to affected parties (local authorities, businesses and affected household etc.) in community meetings before construction; - Provide contact list of the public relation agencies to help the interested parties collect information on site activities, subproject status and results; - Provide all information, especially technical data, understandably to the public and useful to interested parties as well as authorities through tables, newsletters, when there are significant results during the subproject implementation; - Manage community involvement and requests for information during the subproject implementation; - Respond promptly and accurately to people’s requests via telephones and texts; - Inform local people about construction plans, service interruptions, detour road and bus routes, in case of necessary explosion or demolishment; - Limit construction in the evening, if it is necessary to ensure the work is well prepared and everyone is well informed so that necessary measures can be taken; - Notify at least 15 days ahead of the service interruption (including electricity, water, telephone, bus, etc.) to residents by posting notices at the subproject implementation sites, bus stations and at businesses/households affected; - Provide documents and technical drawings to local authorities and residents, especially outlining construction and 124 Environmental and National code, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring environmental and social management plans (ESMP) of the construction sites; - Notice boards should be placed at all construction sites to provide information as well as contact information of the PMU, environmental staff, safeguard and health staff, telephones and other contact information so that all affected individuals can present the issue of interest as well as make recommendations. 125 7.2.2.2 Mitigation measures for specific impacts In addition to the general mitigation measures mentioned above, during the implementation of the 04/07 reservoirs in Ninh Binh province, there are specific impacts on sensitive areas scattered on construction sites. After consultation with local authorities and communities, specific solutions and implementation are presented in the following table. Table 7. 3. Mitigation measures for sensitive works Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibi Responsibili lity for ty for implement monitoring ation 1. Vo Kho Pagoda Located on a reservoir bank of Yen Vehicles, machines -Regularly consult with the pagoda contractors PMU, CSC, Quang 1, adjacent to the production and construction managers about the organization community, forest but not on the management road activities may schedule of religious ceremonies DONRE of the reservoir. This is a place of obstruct traffic of for proper construction planning. cultural and religious activities of people coming to the DRAFT - There is an appropriate people in Yen Ninh village, Yen pagoda. construction plan on the 1st and Quang commune. Villagers often go to Construction 15th of every lunar month to avoid the pagoda on the 1st and the 15th of activities may affecting traffic and travel of people the lunar months. generate dust, noise, in these days, as well as not Yen Quang 1 reservoir, Yen Quang vibration, affecting affecting the tranquillity of the commune, Nho Quan district. religious structure pagoda. and activities. - Strictly control the load and speed of transportation vehicle of raw materials, especially when traveling through concentrated residential areas. - Arrange traffic signs, traffic safety plans, ensuring circulation through construction areas. - Manage construction materials so as not to obstruct people and 126 Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibi Responsibili lity for ty for implement monitoring ation vehicles from reaching the pagoda. 2. Mong La pagoda Vehicles, machines The road goes through the dams of the -Regularly consult with the pagoda contractors PMU, CSC, reservoirs of Yen Quang 1 and Yenand construction managers about the organization community, Quang 2 to Mong La pagoda, which activities may schedule of religious ceremonies DONRE obstruct traffic of has been classified as a provincial for proper construction planning. people to the pagoda, cultural relic. People everywhere come - There is an appropriate causing noise and here on the 1st and 15th of the lunar construction plan on the 1st and months. affecting the 15th of every lunar month to avoid tranquillity of the Yen Quang 1 reservoir, Yen Quang affecting traffic and travel of people pagoda. commune, Nho Quan district. in these days, as well as not Construction affecting the tranquillity of the activitiesDRAFT may pagoda. generate dust, noise, - Strictly control the load and speed vibration, affecting of transportation vehicle of raw religious structure materials, especially when traveling and activities. through concentrated residential areas. - Arrange traffic signs, traffic safety plans, ensuring circulation through construction areas. - Manage construction materials so as not to obstruct people and vehicles from reaching the pagoda. 127 Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibi Responsibili lity for ty for implement monitoring ation 3. Military baseBase The military base and training areas The construction - Propagate environmental safety contractors PMU, CSC, are located along the road to the dam activities may affect policies to prevent damage defence IEMC, face, about 400m from the dam. the training plan, assets. community, safety of military DONRE Da Lai, Phu Long commune, Nho -Regularly consult the commanders equipment, traffic Quan district to plan the mobilization of vehicles accident and dust, and machinery and construction noise and vibration. accordingly. -Consult local authorities and people about construction plan and schedule of the work-items. DRAFT -Strictly control the load and speed of transportation vehicle of raw materials, especially when traveling through concentrated residential areas. -Commit to repair and return the status quo of infrastructure works in case of damage. 4. Residential houses along Residential houses are located at a The construction - Notify the construction plan to the contractors PMU, CSC, distance of 5 m from the management activities may crack household 6 months for IEMC, road. wall and structure organization of household community, activities. DONRE Bai Long reservoir, Thach Binh Dust and noise affect commune, Nho Quan district. daily activities of the - Consult local authorities and households, people about construction plan and increasing risk of schedule of the work-items traffic accidents. - Strictly control the load and speed 128 Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibi Responsibili lity for ty for implement monitoring ation management road of transportation vehicle of raw materials, especially when traveling through concentrated residential areas. - Commit to repair and return the status quo of infrastructure works in case of damage. 5. The Research Station for The office and the breeding facilities The construction - Consult local authorities and contractors PMU, CSC, Pig Variety of the Pig Variety Research Station are activities may crack people about construction plan and IEMC, located about 7m from the road to the wall and structure. schedule of the work-items. community, reservoir. DONRE Dust and noise affect - Strictly control the load and speed Nui Va reservoir, Quang Son daily activities of DRAFT of transportation vehicle of raw commune, Tam Diep town. officers, workers and materials, especially when traveling production activities through concentrated residential of the Station, areas. increasing risk of - Commit to repair and return the traffic accidents. status quo of infrastructure works in case of damage. 129 7.2.2.3 Measures to mitigate impacts due to cutting off water for construction Impact on water use activities for agricultural production mainly takes place when the construction of culverts, flood spillways, and upstream slope of dams is implemented. Therefore, the following mitigation measures are proposed: - Before the construction, the subProject Owner informs the local authorities and people about the construction schedule of the work-items, especially the construction of culverts, flood spillways, dam upstream slopes. - The construction is implemented in end of the summer-autumn season, when the reservoir water is lowest and water is no longer used for agricultural activities. - Construction diversion for water flows through culverts, and build cofferdams when the construction is implemented. - Arrange water pumping to serve agricultural production when necessary to ensure uninterrupted production. - Apply the quick and successive construction method (complete the construction section by section), to ensure the shortest construction time for the above work-items. - Do not let materialnspill on the water flows, affecting the water quality and the water supply for production activities. 1. Measures to minimize impact of grout drilling activities - Measures to minimize negative impacts caused by waterproofing drilling such as spillage from drilling mortar to surrounding environment, which will be controlled by fully complying with TCVN 8644: 2011. - Equipment and tools to prepare the drilling mortar will be properly managed and cleaned to avoid the penetration of the mortar into soil, surface water and groundwater environment. - Temporary standard sediment pits will be built to collect mortar emanating from the drilling during the treatment of the dam body. - Based on the levels of hazard, sediment in collection pits will be collected, dried, and further treated or transported to authorized waste disposal sites after the end of the drilling process according to the Government's waste treatment regulations. 7.2.3 Mitigation measures in operation phase After the completion of the construction works, the reservoirs will ensure the water capacity according to the designs and ensure irrigation planning for downstream agricultural cultivation. The solutions relating to the safety and operation of reservoirs are discussed further in the "Dam Safety Report" of the same subproject. Table 7. 4. General mitigation measures for impacts during operation phase Implementa Impacts Mitigation measures Monitoring tion Domestic waste - Limiting the activities that generate solid waste and Reservoir DARD from reservoir wastewater. owners operators and - No littering. 130 Implementa Impacts Mitigation measures Monitoring tion tourists - Waste must be collected and transported to the local landfill. - Waste water must be collected into the settling pits before being discharged into the environment. - If the reservoir operators are regularly present on reservoirs, the septic tanks should be built. - Inform downstream people about annual repair and Reservoir DARD Affect maintenance plans. owners production and daily life due to - Perform regular repair and maintenance in a short cutting water period of time and at a time when the water demand temporarily for is the lowest. repairing and - Implement measures to maintain water supply maintaining during the repair period to ensure there is no works interruption in water supply. - Prepare emergency response plans as part of the dam Reservoir DARD safety reports. owners - The Management and Operation Unit should timely and accurately inform the flood discharge plan for Regulation of the communities to actively get informed and reservoirs and respond. flood discharges in case of big - At risky times like in rainy season, it is necessary to floods affecting appoint persons to regularly monitor, to ensure downstream proper regulation of water sources. - Building safety corridors for flood discharge on the basis of impact scenarios. The specific solutions are detailed in the dam safety reports and emergency response plans. - The reservoir management units keep checking Reservoir DARD reservoir safety. owners - Comply with the operation procedures to ensure the safety of the reservoirs. - The reservoir management units of closely coordinates with the Commune People's Committees and the local people to promptly report the risks associated with dam safety in order to take timely Disaster risk corrective measures. causes unsafety - Local people and local authorities take initiative in communities-based coping strategies. - Develop scenarios for predicting the extent of dam breakage effects, options for human evacuation, solutions for life and community property in emergency situations, etc. Details are included in the Dam Safety Report and the Emergency Preparedness Plan of the subproject. 131 Implementa Impacts Mitigation measures Monitoring tion - Reservoir managers shall install warning signs and Reservoir Department ban swimming in reservoirs. managers of Agricultural Risk of - Install lighting equipment around reservoirs to and Rural drowning ensure safety for people traveling. Development Local authorities Local - Training, raising awareness for farmers to apply the Department Integrated Pest Management (IPM), System of Rice government, of Intensification (SRI), and biological measures to Plant Agricultural Impact on the Protection develop the terrestrial ecosystem and limit pesticides and Rural environment due and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Department, Development to increased District - Organize training courses for stakeholders on irrigation area Extension regulations on pesticide management and risks of Center pesticides and implement labor protection measures when in contact with pesticides and collecting pesticide bags after use. 7.3 Organization of implementation 7.3.1. Project management Central level The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) is responsible for implementing and managing the entire project. The provinces carrying out the upgrading and improvement of the dam safety under Component 1. MARD will coordinate the activities with the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) under Component 2. The Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) under MARD is responsible for coordinating and monitoring the overall project. The improvement and preparation of dam safety plans, including protection and authorization, are focused on the provincial governments. The Provincial People's Committees and the Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) are the provincial chairmen. The Provincial Project Management Units (PPMU) are responsible for managing and supervising the works with the support from the CPMU. The CPMU will hire an Environmental and Social Technical Assistance Agency to assist in the project implementation. In addition, the CPMU will hire an independent monitoring consultant to evaluate the implementation of the Environmental Safeguard Policy for the entire subproject with the frequency of once every 6 months through a competitive process to provide support and quality assurance for the central level during the project implementation. This includes the support to the CPMU in reviewing and revising as necessary and re-implementing the development framework during the project implementation, which can provide a general framework for the national programs. This process will be considered in accordance with the context of Decree No.114/2018-ND-CP to assist the MARD in establishing necessary systems for the implementation of the National Dam Safety Program. Provincial level The People's Committee of Ninh Binh province assigned the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) to carry out the subproject in the area, set up the WB8 Project Management Unit (PPMU) to implement the bidding, supervision of construction, resettlement 132 action plan, environmental and social action plan, and these actions must be in line with the overall framework of the overall project. The PPMU will be supported by the CPMU in term of technical assistance, environmental and social consultation. The project implementation organization is outlined in the following diagram. Figure 7. 1. The project implementation organization (Source: Environment Social Management Framework of DRSIP project, 2015) 7.3.2 Roles and responsibilities for environmental and social safety management In terms of the regular investment monitoring activities, the CPMU will carry out the monitoring in coordination with the local environmental authority to determine whether the subproject implementation meets all requirements of the local environmental and social management framework, socio-environmental impact assessment reports and environmental management plans or not. The agency will also visit the site at various stages of the subproject to confirm that the Environment and Social Management Plans and the environmental and social monitoring plans are being implemented adequately. A monitoring report including environmental and social management issues will be included in the overall field report. The designated environmental and social experts are responsible for preparing quarterly and annual reports on major subproject implementation steps, outputs and results of environmental management actions to be made for all investments throughout the subproject cycle. The CPMU requests the PPMU to include their corresponding environmental component in their investments, which include important mitigation activities and environmental incidents. The PPMU must integrate the environmental component in all reports prepared for the World Bank. The stakeholders should be fully aware of the ESMP implementation mechanism in the subproject investments. This will be very important in supporting and evaluating their roles in the environmental monitoring and the monitoring and evaluation of the subproject activities. The organization diagram during the ESMP implementation is outlined in the Figure below. WB MARD/CPMU (Environment safeguard staff, Independent Consultant) 133 Natural Resources PMU DONRE and Environment (Environmental and Social Officer) of DPC Figure 7. 2. The subproject’s implementation of Environment Safeguard Policy The details of the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in the environmental and social management during the subproject implementation are presented in Table below. Table 7. 5. Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders Responsibilities Unit - The CPMU, on behalf of the Project Owner, MARD will be responsible for monitoring the overall implementation of the subproject, including the compliance with the subproject's environmental and social safeguard policy. - Responsible for reporting the implementation of the subproject environmental protection policy to the MONRE and the World Bank. - The CPMU will be assisted in the overall implementation of the project by the Central Project Technical Assistance Consultant (TA), which will develop a system to Management Unit properly monitor the social and safety aspects during the subproject (CPMU) implementation. - The independent monitoring of the third party will carry out regular independent evaluation of the subproject activities. This agency will also assess the compliance with the policy application and the implementation of safety instruments, including environmental management plans/environment code of practices, resettlement policy framework/resettlement action plan, ethnic minority development plan and gender action plan. - The PPMU will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of the subproject, including the compliance with the subproject's environmental policy. The PPMU will be the final agency responsible for the CESMP implementation and the implementation of the environmental activities of the subproject during the construction and operation phases. Provincial Project Management Unit - Specifically, the PPMU will: (i) work closely with the local authorities on the (PPMU) community consultation during the project preparation and implementation phases; (ii) oversee the implementation of the ESMP, including the incorporation of ESMP into detailed engineering designs, tender documents and contract documents; (iii) ensure that the environmental management system is well established and functions; (iv) responsible for reporting on the implementation of the ESMP to the CPMU, the DoNRE and the World Bank. PPMU environmental - The PPMU’s ES is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the and social staff (ES) World Bank's social and environmental safeguard policies at all subproject 134 stages and during the subproject implementation. Specifically, the environmental staff will be responsible for: (i) assisting the PPMU to integrate ESMP into detailed engineering designs, civil engineering tender documents and contracts; (ii) assisting the PPMU to oversee ESMP and Resettlement Action Plan in accordance with the Terms of Reference, bidding documents and contract documents for Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC), if needed; iii) providing relevant inputs for the consultancy selection process; (iv) reviewing reports submitted by the CSC and the safeguard consultant; (v) conducting periodic field surveys; (vi) supporting the PPMU with the measures to address the social and resettlement issues of the subproject; and vii) developing social and environmental implementation contents in line with the progress and the DD reports to submit to the CPMU and the World Bank. - The Construction Supervision Consultant will entrust the Environmental and Social Officers to maintain regular monitoring of all construction activities and ensure that the contractors comply with the contract requirements and the ECOPs. The Construction Supervision Consultant will arrange sufficient Construction number of qualified staff (e.g. Environmental Engineers) with full knowledge Supervision of environmental protection and construction project management to perform Consultant (CSC) the required tasks and supervise the contractors' activities. - The Construction Supervision Consultant will also assist the PPMU in (i) reporting and maintaining close coordination with local communities, and (ii) strengthening the capacity of civil protection for the construction contractors. Bidders will submit the following additional documents to the bidding documents: Code of Conduct (ESHS) • The Contractor will submit a Code of Conduct that will be applied to employees and subcontractors to ensure the compliance with the contractual environmental, social, health and safety obligations (ESHS). • In addition, the Contractor will make details on how this Code will be implemented. This will include: how it will be incorporated into the conditions of employment/participation, training to be provided, how it will be monitored and how the Contractor proposes to deal with any violation. Bidders Management Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIP) for Risk Management (ESHS) • The Contractor shall submit Management Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIPs) to manage the following major Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) risks: + Traffic management plan to ensure the safety of local communities from construction traffic; + Water resources protection plan to prevent drinking water pollution; + Strategic marking and boundary protection for mobilization and construction to prevent adverse externalities; + Strategies to obtain consent/permits prior to commencement of relating work such as opening a quarry or borrow pits. - The contractors will appoint Environment Safeguard Monitoring Officer to implement the proposed environmental and social mitigation measures in the contractors CESMP. - The contractors shall submit to the PPMU/CSC for approval, and then to implement, the Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (C- 135 ESMP) 4 must be in accordance with the Specific Conditions of the Terms of Contract 16.2, including the agreed Management Strategy and Implementation Plan. - The contractors are required to appoint competent individuals who are Site Environmental Safeguard Officers (SEO), who will be responsible for monitoring the compliance with the Code of Conduct and Management Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIP) for Risk Management (ESHS). - Take action to minimize any potential negative impact that is consistent with the objective described in the CESMP. - Actively discuss with local people and propose actions to prevent disturbance during construction. - Ensure that all employees and workers to understand their procedures and tasks in the environmental management program. - Report to the PPMU and the Construction Supervision Consultant about any problems and solutions. - Report to local authorities and PPMU and Construction Supervision Consultant in the event of environmental incidents and coordinate with the agencies and the stakeholders to address these issues. - The local communities monitoring boards are set up under the Prime Minister's Decision No.80/2005/QD-CP dated 18 April 2005 on the “Regulation on Community Investment Supervision Mechanism”. The commune community supervision committees have the power and Local government, responsibility to supervise construction activities, environment negative local communities impacts caused by construction activities, and the potential negative impact mitigation measures. Ensure that the potential negative mitigation measures are effectively implemented by the contractors. In case of environmental problems affecting the communities, they will inform the CSC and/or the PPMU. Provincial People’s - Supervise the implementation of the environmental protection of the Committee, subproject's construction components, ensuring the compliance with the Department of Government's policies and regulations. The DoNRE and MONRE in the Natural Resources districts monitor the compliance with the Government's environmental and Environment requirements. 7.4 The compliance with the Environment framework The duties of the contractors, Social and Environment Safety Officer (SSEO) and CSC here which are not mentioned in the SPD are required to be included in the Subproject Owner Request (Section 7 of the SPD). 4 The Contractor shall not be commenced any works, including mobilization and/or pre-construction proceeds (e.g., restricted site clearance for roads, service roads and construction site, geotechnical investigations or investigations to select ancillary features such as quarries and coal mines unless the PPMU is satisfied that appropriate measures are taken to address the risks and environmental, social, health and safety impacts. At least, the Contractor will apply Management Strategies and Implementation Plans and Code of Conduct, submitted as part of the bid and agreed as part of the Contract. The Contractor shall, on a continuing basis, submit to the Subproject Manager for approval of additional Management Strategies and additional Implementation Plans as needed to manage the risks and impacts of the ESHS on the ongoing works. These management strategies and implementation plans cover the entire Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP). The C-ESMP will be approved prior to the commencement of the construction activities (e.g. exhumation, earthworks, bridges and structures, streams and roads, exploitation or extraction of materials, mixing concrete and production of asphalt). The approved C-ESMP will be reviewed periodically (but no less frequently than every six months), and updated promptly, as required by the Contractor, to ensure that it is in conformity with the activities to be implemented. The C-ESMP update will require prior approval of the Subproject Manager. 136 7.4.1. Contractor's environmental duties5 Firstly, the contractors must comply to mitigate potential impacts of construction activities of the subproject. Secondly, the Contractor must apply the mitigation measures within the framework of the environment and Social Management Plan to prevent damage and disturbance for local communities and the environment due to impacts during the construction and operation phases. The contractors are required to submit for approval and then implement the Contractor's Environmental Management and Social Management Plan in accordance with the Specific Conditions of Contract Clause 16.2, including the Management Strategies and Plan Implementation. The remedial actions that cannot be carried out during the construction phase must be carried out at the completion of the construction (and before the acceptance of the completion of a work). The tasks of the Contractor include, but are not limited to: - The compliance with the legal requirements relating to the environment, safety and public health. - Working within the scope of contract requirements and other bidding conditions. - Establishment of representatives of construction teams that participate in the joint inspections conducted by the Environmental Safety Officers of the PPMU and the CSC. - Coordinating with the functional units which are responsible for conducting periodic environmental monitoring according to the ESIA. - Coordinating with the PPMU to conduct training and dissemination of social and environmental safety policies for officials and workers on site. - Carrying out any corrective actions as directed by the Environmental Officers of the PPMU and the CSC. - If there is a case of non-compliance or falsification, the investigation and submission of options on mitigating measures should be carried out and measures are taken to minimize environment impacts. - Stopping obstructing construction activities when receiving instructions from the Environmental Safety Officers of the PPMU and the CSC; proposing and implementing remedial measures and alternative construction methods to minimize environment impacts. If the Contractor fails to comply with the above requirements, the Contractor will be suspended from work or receive penalties until the matter is resolved and the PPMU and CSC’s approvals are obtained. 5 If the Contractor is not performing or does not perform any of the ESHS obligations or works under the Contract, the values of the obligations or works determined by the Project Manager may be withheld until they are implemented and/or repaired or replace. The cost as determined by the Project Manager may be withheld until the repair or replacement is completed. Failure to implement includes, but not limited to, the following: • Failing to comply with any of the ESHS obligations or works described in the Building Requirement, including: working beyond the boundaries of the site, excessive dust, failing to keep public roads in condition safe use, damage to vegetation, water or sediment contamination, soil contamination e.g. from oil, human waste, archaeological damage or cultural heritage characteristics, air pollution due to fire is not allowed and/or is ineffective; • Unregularly reviewing the C-ESMP and/or updating it in a timely manner to address emerging ESHS issues or anticipate risks or impacts; • Not implementing C-ESMP; • Having no prior consent/permission before commencing work or related activities; • Not submitting ESHS reports (as described in Appendix C of the SPD), or failing to submit reports timely; • Not taking remedies under the Engineer's direction for the specified period of time (e.g., correcting non-compliance). 137 7.4.2. The Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officers The Contractor is required appointing competent staff, including the Safety, Social and Environmental Officers (SSEOs). The SSEOs must be adequately trained in environmental management and provided with necessary skills to transfer environmental management knowledge to all staff involved into the contract. The SSEOs will be responsible for monitoring the Contractor’s compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental requirements. The assignments of the SSEOs will include but is not limited to the following: - Organizing the inspection of the environment current state to assess and inspect the status of the Contractor’s construction site, Contractor’s equipment and construction methods relating to pollution control and mitigation measures to environmental impacts, which is fully realized or not; - Monitoring the compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contract requirements; - Assisting the functional units to periodically monitor the environment according to the ESIA content; - Monitoring the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; - Preparing audit reports on environmental conditions at site; - Investigating complaints and proposing corrective measures; - Advising the Contractor on environmental improvement, awareness and measures to prevent immediate pollution; - Proposing appropriate mitigation measures for the Contractor in case of non-compliance; Implementing additional monitoring of non-compliance under the instructions of the PPMU environmental officers and the CSC; - Notifying the Contractor and environmental staff (PPMU and CSC staff) of environmental issues; submitting the Contractor’s ESMP to the environmental staff of PPMU and CSC, and other concerned agencies, if necessary; - Maintaining detailed records of all site activities relating to the environment. 7.4.3. Environmental and social monitoring during construction During the construction phase, the CSC who are able to report to the PPMU will carry out the environmental and social monitoring. The CSC will assign environmental and social staff who will be responsible for monitoring and supervising all construction activities to ensure that the mitigation measures selected in the CESMP are properly implemented and the negative environmental and social impacts caused by the subproject are minimized. The CSC will hire environmental and social monitoring engineers with knowledge of project management, construction and environmental and social management to perform the required responsibilities and supervise the implementation of the Contractor. In particular, the CSC’s environmental and social staff will: - On behalf of the PPMU, review and evaluate if the construction design meets the CESMP's requirements for mitigation and management measures; - Supervise the Contractor's environmental and social management at the site including the implementation, experience and ability to address environmental and social issues on site and providing guidance on correction; 138 - Review the Contractor's CESMP, verifying and confirming the environmental and social monitoring procedures, parameters, monitoring sites, equipment and results; - Report on the implementation of the CESMP to the PPMU and preparation of environmental and social monitoring reports during construction phase. 7.4.4 Compliance with contract and legal requirements The construction activities not only comply with the environmental protection and pollution control requirements of the contracts but also comply with the Law on Environmental Protection and Pollution Control of the Vietnamese Government. All contractors’ reports on construction methods submitted to the CSC and the PPMU for approval must provide with adequate measures to control pollution and protect the environment. The CSC and the PPMU will also review the progress and program of the works to verify that the relevant environmental laws are violated and to possibly prevent any one who manage to break the law. The contractors must copy the documents relating to the SSEO and the ES of the CSC and the PPMU. The documents must at least include updated work progress reports, updated construction methods, and other licensing applications under the Environmental Protection Law and all valid permits/licenses. The Environmental and social staff of the CSC and the PPMU will also have right to access to the website logbook upon request. After reviewing the documents, the environmental and social staff of the CSC and the PPMU will advise the PPMU and the Contractor on any non-compliance with the contractual and legal requirements relating to the environmental protection and pollution control so that they can continue the next actions. If the environmental and social staff of the CSC and the PPMU conclude that the status of the permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control activities may not be consistent with the works or may lead to violations of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they will promptly notify the Contractor and the PPMU. 7.4.5. Reporting organization In addition to the progress reports, the contractors shall provide reports on the Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) data set out in Appendix B to the Standard Bidding Document (SPD). In addition to the reports in Appendix B, the Contractor shall immediately notify the PPMU of any incidents in the following groups. Full details of these incidents will be provided to the PPMU within the time agreed upon with the PPMU. - Confirmation or any act which is likely to violate law or any international agreement; - Any death or serious injury (time damage); - Significant adverse effects or damage to personal property (e.g. car accidents, damage caused by flying stones, working outside the boundaries); - Severe pollution of groundwater or damage to or destruction of habitats or endangering rare species (including protected areas); or - Any allegations of sexual harassment or sex offenses, child abuse, defamation, or other violations relating to the child. Table 7. 6. Reporting requirements 139 No. Reported by Submitted by Report frequency 1 contractors CSC Immediately incidents that potentially and seriously affect the environment, communities or workers. Monthly with common monitoring issues. 2 CSC PPMU Immediately incidents that potentially and seriously affect the environment, communities or workers. Monthly with common monitoring issues. 4 Community monitoring PPMU When the community has complaints about boards the implementation of the subproject's safeguard policy. 5 PPMU Provincial DONRE Immediately incidents that potentially and and Central Project seriously affect the environment, Management Unit communities or workers. Once every 03 months in compliance with the Government's environmental regulatory requirements. 6 CPMU WB Immediately incidents that potentially and seriously affect the environment, communities or workers. Once every six months in compliance with Section II of the Loan Agreement. 7.5 Grievance redress mechanism All complaints relating to any subproject aspects will be resolved through negotiations to reach consensus. The complaints will go through three stages before appealing to the courts. The agencies in charge of complaint settlement (PPMU) will pay all administrative and legal fees relating to the acceptance of complaints. This cost is included in the subproject budget. 7.5.1. Procedures for complaints and settlement (i) People's Committees at commune levels (CPCs): The affected people can bring their complaints to any members of the CPCs through the village heads or directly to the CPCs in writing or orally. The members of the CPCs or the village heads will inform the CPCs of the complaints. The CPCs will work directly with the affected people who complains and decide on the reconciliation/settlement within 5 days of receiving the complaints (about 15 days for the mountains and remote areas). The secretaries of the CPCs are responsible for filing and archiving documentation of all complaints that the CPCs handle. After decisions are made by the CPCs, the concerned households can make complaints against within 30 days. In the case of the second decisions made by the CPCs, if the households are still unsatisfied with the decisions, they can appeal to the superior people's committees. (ii) District People's Committees (DPCs): When there are complaints, the DPCs will have a period of 15 days (or 30 days for mountains and remote areas) to resolve them. The DPCs are responsible for filing and archiving documentation of all complaints that they handle. 140 When the DPCs issued decisions, the complainants can appeal again within 30 days. In the case of the second decisions made by the DPCs, if the households are still unsatisfied with the decisions, they can appeal to the provincial people's committee in accordance with the complaint procedure stipulated in the Law on Complaint in 2007 and relating documents. (iii) Provincial People's Committee (PPC): The PPC has a period of 30 days (or 45 days for mountains and remote areas) from the date of receipt of the complaints to settle. The PPC is responsible for filing and archiving documentation of all complaints that it handles. After the PPC issued decisions, the complainants can appeal again within 45 days. In the case of the second decisions made by the PPC, if the households are still unsatisfied with the decisions, they can appeal to the court within 45 days. The PPC will have to pay compensation costs to an account. (iv) The Provincial Court. When the complainants take their cases to the provincial court and the rules of the court are favourable to the complainants, the provincial authorities will increase the compensation to a level that the court can approve. In the case that the court judgments are favourable to the PPC, the complainants will be reimbursed the charges they paid to the court. The complaint decisions must be sent to the complainants and the involved parties and publicly posted up at the offices of the people's committees of the competent levels. The complainants will receive the judgments three days at the commune level and seven days at the district or provincial levels after there are decisions on the settlement of their complaints. To minimize the number of complaints at the provincial level, the PPMU will coordinate with the District Compensation Committees to organize the consultations on the complaint settlement. Its role and capacity are to provide compensation, assistance and resettlement to affected households and displaced persons. Personnel: The environmental and resettlement staff selected by the PPMU will design and maintain a database on the subproject complaints from affected households, including information like the nature of the complaints, the sources and dates of receipt of the complaints, the names and addresses of the complainants, the action plans, and the current status. For verbal complaints, the agency that settle complaints will record these requests in a complaint form at the first meeting with the affected households. 7.5.2. contractors and Construction Supervision Consultant During the construction phase, the grievance redress mechanism will be managed by the contractors under the supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform affected communities the availability of the grievance redress mechanism to resolve grievances and concerns regarding to the subproject. This will be done through a community consultation and disclosure process whereby the contractors will regularly communicate with affected communities and relevant agencies. The meetings will be held quarterly, monthly at least. The subproject information flyers will be announced. The announcements will be made on the local media and announcements that the upcoming activities will be posted... All complaints and actions taken by the contractors will be recorded in the subproject monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages may be made in the following forms: - By word of mouth: directly to the CSC and/or the Contractor's security guards or regional office representatives. - In writing: by hand or by posts to specific addresses. - By telephone, fax, e-mail: to CSC, security guards or Contractor's representative. 141 When a complaint is received, the CSC and Contractor's safeguard officers or representatives will file the complaint and record incidents subsequent to the complaint until it is settled. Immediately after receiving complaint, it is necessary to make 04 copies. The original will be kept in the file, 01 copy will be kept by the Contractor's safeguard officer, 01 copy will be sent to the CSC and 01 copy will be sent to the PPMU within 24 hours of receipt of the complaint. The complaint information recorded will include: - Dates and hours of complaints. - Names, addresses and contact details of complainants. - Brief descriptions of complaints. - The actions taken to resolve complaints, including contact persons and findings at each stage of complaint settlement process. - Dates and hours when complainants are contacted during the resolution process. - Final decisions about complaints. - Dates, times and how complainants were informed. - Signatures of complainants when making decisions. Small-scale claims will be resolved within a week. Within two weeks (and every week thereafter), the written response will be sent to the complainants (manual, post, fax, e-mail) which states the procedures to be followed and the process by date. The main objective is to solve the problem as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few persons as possible and at the lowest possible level. Only if the problem cannot be solved at the simplest level and/or within 15 days, other functional agencies will participate. Such situations may arise, for example, where damages are claimed, the volume of claims cannot be resolved, or the causes of damages are determined. 7.5.3. The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Mechanism The World Bank Grievance Redress Mechanism: Individuals and communities can believe that if a subproject funded by the World Bank adversely affects their lives, they may file complaints to that subproject grievance mechanism or the World Bank's grievance redress committee. The World Bank's grievance redress committee ensures that complaints are addressed in a timely manner relating to the subproject. Individuals or organizations affected by the subproject may file complaints with the World Bank Inspectorate to determine if any damage occurs or may occur, as a result of failing to complying with the World Bank policies and procedures. Complaints may be made at any time. When the matter is of concern to the World Bank, the PPMU will have responsibility to answer. For more information on how to file a complaint with the WB’s grievance redress committee, please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For more information on how to file a complaint with the World Bank Inspectorate, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org. 7.6 ESMP implementation plan 7.6.1. Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan As soon as the construction contracts are signed, based on the ESIA report, the subproject construction methodology, the construction plans which are approved by the CSC and the PPMU, the contractors prepare the ESMP for their packages and submit to the PPMU for review and approval. 142 Once the ESMPs are approved, the contractors will implement measures to minimize environmental and social impacts on site. The ESMP information will be posted at the workers’ camps and workplaces to disseminate information about mitigation measures for workers and local people. The contractors post information of mitigation measures at the entrances of the sites, including the addresses, representatives, phone numbers of the parties involved for the local communities to follow and contact as necessary. Assign staff responsible for environment safety; train knowledge on environment safety and workers’ health. Survey, check the environmental status at site, report to CSC/PPMU if there are significant differences compared to the environment. Sign contracts with authorized units for treatment of daily-life wastes, hazardous wastes, and supply of clean water. Manage workers and construction equipment and issue new certificates in case of expiration. Implement the CESMP and update, submit to the CSC/PPMU for approval if changes are made prior to application. Collaborate with the CSC/PPMU to resolve complaints from people about environmental issues and the safety of the packages in a timely manner. Monthly report on the implementation of CESMP. 7.6.2 The subproject start up and personnel The Contractor's Environmental Safety Officers must be trained in the relevant regulations, have certificates of occupational health and safety, and are full-time employees on site. The provision of training on occupational health and safety for workers and the regular inspection of the health and safety service on site must be implemented. 7.7 Capacity building and training 7.7.1. Training on safeguard policy Since the PPMU have implemented projects funded by the World Bank, some PPMU staff may have a clear understanding of the World Bank’s safeguard policy requirements. The PPMU has appointed an officer to be responsible for the environmental safeguard of the subproject. This environmental officer has participated in some safeguard training courses organized by the World Bank and the CPMU at the early stage of the subproject implementation. Training and capacity development, however, is required annually through technical assistance of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policy Officers to update new safeguard policy requirements. Given that the new environmental, social, health and safety (ESHS) requirements are set out in the standard Procurement documents, the training in the ESHS requirements will be provided by the World Bank’s Safeguard Policy Officers to the environmental and social staff of the PPMU, the CSC and the environmental and social staff of the contractors as soon as they are mobilized. The PPMU will be responsible for organizing the training in coordination with the World Bank’s Safeguard Policy Officers. Such training courses will be held at the beginning of the subproject to ensure that the ESMP is properly integrated into the bidding documents (subsequently are the contracts). Technical assistance should be provided by experienced staff and the skills of construction supervision consultants in accordance with the terms of reference which encompass specific references to the 143 development of the items of the request of the subproject owner on the standard procurement documents. 7.7.2 Training on occupational safety and health The provisions will be made to provide occupational safety and health training for all new employees to ensure that they are informed of the site's basic workplace conditions and work practices to protect personal and prevent injuries to their colleagues. The training will include perceptions on basic hazards, specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disasters, which must be practice properly. Any specific hazards or colour codes to be used will be considered thoroughly as part of the training orientation. 7.7.3 Orientation of visitors If visitors are allowed accessing to the areas with hazardous conditions or substance presence, visitor orientation and control program will be established to ensure that they do not enter dangerous areas without the accompanying persons. 7.7.4. Training contractors and new workers The PPMU will ensure that workers and contractors, before undertaking new jobs, receive adequate training and information so that they can understand the hazards at work and protect themselves from the hazards which may occur. The training will fully include: - Understanding about materials, equipment and tools - Understanding about the hazards of operation and how to control them - Potential risks to health - Alerts to prevent exposure - Sanitary requirements - Wearing and using protective clothing and equipment - Actions to severe operating conditions, incidents and accidents. 7.7.5. Basic training on occupational health and safety A basic training program and intensive courses will be deployed as needed to ensure that workers are oriented towards the specific hazards of individual work tasks. The training will generally be provided to managers, supervisors, workers, and occasional visitors to risk and hazardous areas. Workers with first aid and rescue obligations receive special training not to exacerbate the exposure and health hazards to themselves and their colleagues. Training will include the risk of transmitting diseases through blood due to contact with body tissues and body fluids. Through appropriate contractual terms and monitoring, the PPMU will ensure that service providers as well as contractual workers and sub-contractual workers are adequately trained before commencement of their works. The PPMU will be responsible for coordinating with the construction supervision consultants and the contractor's social environment officers to organize the training courses mentioned above. 144 7.8 Environmental monitoring plan 7.8.1 Monitoring the compliance with mitigation measures The PPMU and the CSC will monitor the compliance of the standards. The PPMU and the CSC will monitor the contractors’ activities in accordance with the agreed mitigation measures. The results are summarized in the monthly reports. Local authorities and communities in 06 communes in 07 reservoir areas will perform monitoring tasks in accordance with the Government’s regulations, the Law on Environmental Protection 2014 and Decree No.80/2005/ND-CP regarding the regulations on investment communities monitoring. In addition, the contractors’ environmental safety staff will be responsible for day-to-day monitoring of labor safety and environmental sanitation and reporting to the CSC. The detailed monitoring plans will be prepared during the detailed design phase. Expenditures for the monitoring program will be included in the cost of the ESMP implementation. 7.8.2 Environment quality monitoring (a) Periodic monitoring An environmental monitoring program for the air quality, soil and water supply information can be used to assess the effectiveness of pollution management strategies. A systematic planning process is recommended to ensure that the collected data is appropriate to their intended purpose (and to avoid unnecessary data collection). This process, sometimes referred to as the process of data quality objectives, determines the purpose of data collection, decisions based on data and consequences of making wrong decisions, time and place boundaries, quality and data required to make a correct decision. The environmental monitoring program will consider the following factors: • Monitoring parameters: The selected monitoring parameters should reflect disturbing pollutants relating to the subproject processes. • Basic calculations: Prior to the construction of the subproject, monitoring the environment quality in the ambient and in the subproject area should be carried out to assess the contamination level of the main pollutants to distinguish between the conditions of the current surrounding environment and impacts relating to the subproject. • Type and frequency of monitoring: The ambient environmental quality data generated through monitoring program should represent contaminated pollutants caused by the subproject by time. The time and monitoring frequency can also be arranged from continuous to infrequent, monthly, quarterly or yearly occurrence. • Monitoring locations: Monitoring the ambient environmental quality may be external or within the subproject area by the subproject Owner, DONRE, or by the cooperation among the parties. The locations of the monitoring stations should be established based on the results of scientific methods and mathematical models to estimate potential impacts on the receptors from emission sources, taking into account such aspects as the locations of the communities which are likely affected. • Sampling and analysis methods: The monitoring programs should use national or international methods for sample collection and analysis, such as those published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The sampling must be conducted by or under the supervision of the trained staff. The analysis will be by authorized or certified entities for this purpose. The quality control plans (QA/QC) should be documented to ensure 145 that the quality of data is consistent with the intended use of the data (for example, the method limits detection to less than the level of interest). The monitoring reports should include QA/QC documents. The noise monitoring programs can be useful for the purpose of setting the ambient noise level, which is present in the proposed subproject area or useful for checking the noise level at the operation phase. The noise monitoring programs should be designed and implemented by trained professionals. Typical monitoring cycles should be sufficient for statistical analysis and may last up 48 hours in parallel with the noise monitoring devices to able to record continuous data during this time period, or by hour, or more often, if appropriate (or include different time periods for several days, including weekdays and weekends). Sound indicator types are recorded depending on the types of noise which is being tracked and are determined by the noise specialists. The equipment should be placed about 1.5m from the ground and not closer than 3m to any reflective surfaces (e.g. walls). In general, the noise level is limited by the level of ambient noise or the level of baseline noise in the absence of the noise source which is being investigated. The details are shown in the table below. Table 7. 7. Environmental monitoring plan during the construction phase No. Monitoring parameters Monitoring contents Construction phase I Noise monitoring 1. Monitoring parameters Noise, vibration 2. Monitoring frequency Once every 3 months, 2 locations/reservoir Each reservoir, 2 locations: (i) Dam construction sites; (ii) 3. Monitoring locations Construction areas of water-intake culverts and spillways QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 24:2016/BYT, 4. Standards for comparison: QCVN27:2016/BYT 5. Responsibility for EMC employed by the Project Owner monitoring II Air quality monitoring 1. Monitoring parameters TSP, CO, NO2, SO2, microclimate 2. Monitoring frequency Once every 3 months, 2 locations/reservoir QCVN 05 :2013/BTNMT, QCVN 26:2016/BYT, QD 3. Standards for comparison 3733/2002/QD-BYT Each reservoir, 2 locations: (i) Dam construction sites; (ii) 4. Monitoring locations Construction areas of water-intake culverts and spillways 5. Responsibility for EMC employed by the Project Owner monitoring Surface water quality III monitoring pH, temperature, DO, TSS, BOD5, COD, DO, grease, 1. Monitoring parameters Coliform 2. Monitoring frequency Once every 3 months, 2 locations/reservoir 146 No. Monitoring parameters Monitoring contents 3. Standards for comparison QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column A 2 locations/reservoir: Surface water tại reservoir, surface 4. Monitoring locations water at outlets/downstream areas 5. Responsibility for EMC employed by the Project Owner monitoring Groundwater quality VI monitoring pH, NO2, NO3, Fe, NH4, As, Cd, Pb, Coliform, 1. Monitoring parameters Permanganate 2. Monitoring frequency Once every 3 months, 2 locations/reservoir 3. Standards for comparison QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT 4. Monitoring locations At worker camps on construction sites 5. Responsibility for EMC employed by the Project Owner monitoring During construction of 07 reservoirs IV Erosion monitoring Responsibility for observation: PPMU Operation phase Observation of surface water Content quality pH, temperature, DO, TSS, BOD5, COD, DO, grease, 1. Monitoring parameters Coliform Once every 06 months in the first year of operation, 2 2. Monitoring frequency locations/reservoir 3. Standards of comparison QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, Column A 2 locations/reservoir: Surface water in reservoir, surface 4. Monitoring locations water at outlet/downstream Environmental Monitoring Consultant of the Project 5. Monitoring responsibility Owner The first year in operation phase 6. Time (b) Incident monitoring The purpose of this monitoring is to assess the soil and water pollution levels caused by sudden discharge like discharge of wastewater and oil into nearby water and soil sources and to make timely pollution control decisions to reduce environmental risk. An incident monitoring plan will be developed by the CSC in the initial stage of the subproject implementation and submitted to the PPMU for approval. This plan identifies the potential environmental risks associated with the discharge of waste, like waste oil and wastewater, into nearby water bodies. The plan also identifies resources to monitor this issue, such as personnel, 147 equipment, location and monitoring parameters, analytical methods, dedicated laboratories, and cost estimates. 7.8.3 Dam safety monitoring Once the water is accumulated and the dams start operating, the dam owners shall monitor the dam safety. This task is done by qualified independent specialists who are not involved in the investigation, design, construction or operation of the dams. After the dams are in normal operation, the regular inspection stages take place, including safety inspection of the dams before and after annual flood season in accordance with Government Decree No.114/2018/ND-CP on dam and reservoir safety management. 7.9 Cost estimation The number of monitoring samples is calculated in the following table. Table 7. 8: Total number of monitoring samples Total Total Total Total number Total number number of Monitoring number of number of Total time of monitoring of samples of surface frequency groundwate mud stage air, noise water r samples samples samples Construction 3 months/time 8 112 112 112 14 phase: 24 months Operation period: 6 months/time 2 28 12 months Total 10 112 140 112 14 Estimated budget for the Environmental Monitoring Program Table 7. 9: Funding for environmental monitoring (USD 1 = VND 23,160) Analytical Unit price Number Amount No. criteria (VND) (Samples) (VND) (USD) I Air samples 1 TSP 300,000 112 33,600,000 1,450.78 2 CO 300,000 112 33,600,000 1,450.78 3 NO2 300,000 112 33,600,000 1,450.78 4 SO2 300,000 112 33,600,000 1,450.78 5 Vibration 300,000 112 33,600,000 1,450.78 6 Noisy 100,000 112 11,200,000 483.59 7 Microclimate 300,000 112 33,600,000 1,450.78 II Surface water sample 1 Temperature 70,000 140 9,800,000 423.14 2 pH 40,000 140 5,600,000 241.80 3 DO 70,000 140 9,800,000 423.14 4 TSS 70,000 140 9,800,000 423.14 5 BOD5 120,000 140 16,800,000 725.39 6 COD 120,000 140 16,800,000 725.39 7 Grease 350,000 140 49,000,000 2,115.72 148 8 Coliform 120,000 140 16,800,000 725.39 III Groundwater samples pH 40,000 112 4,480,000 193.44 NO2 70,000 112 7,840,000 338.51 NO3 70,000 112 7,840,000 338.51 NH4 70,000 112 7,840,000 338.51 Fe 120,000 112 13,440,000 580.31 As 120,000 112 13,440,000 580.31 Pb 120,000 112 13,440,000 580.31 Cd 120,000 112 13,440,000 580.31 Pemanganat 120,000 112 13,440,000 580.31 Coliform 120,000 112 13,440,000 580.31 IV Mud/soil samples 1 As 120,000 14 1,680,000 72.54 2 Cd 120,000 14 1,680,000 72.54 3 Cu 120,000 14 1,680,000 72.54 4 Pb 120,000 14 1,680,000 72.54 5 Zn 120,000 14 1,680,000 72.54 Total 464.240.000 20,044,91 The estimated budget for environmental monitoring in the construction phase is VND 464,240,000 (In words: four hundred and sixty four thousand, two hundred and forty thousand dong even). The proposed budget for ESMP implementation, including monitoring and capacity building, is summarized in Table 7.10 below. Table 7. 10: Estimated cost of mitigation measures No. Reservoirs Amount (VND) I. Estimated cost for impact mitigation measures 273,000,000 1.1 - Procurement of canvas for transportation vehicles: 7 works x 20 canvas sheets x VND 300,000 = VND 42 million; 42,000,000 - Building vehicle washing stations before vehicle going to the national highways: 7 works x 2 washing areas x 5 million VND = VND 70 million. 70,000,000 1.2 Treating solid waste generated during construction phase: - Procurement of waste bins: 7 works x 5 organic compost bins x 500,000 17,500,000 VND = VND17.5 million; - Hiring transportation of waste to treatment areas: 7 works x 1 month x 3,500,000 500,000 VND/month = VND 3.5 million; - Solid waste collection and treatment: 7 works x 8 month x 500,000 28,000,000 VND/month = VND 28 million. 1.3 Impact mitigation measures to the water environment due to domestic wastewater: 42,000,000 - Building toilets at construction sites: 7 works x 2 toilets x 3 million VND = VND 42 million; 70,000,000 - Building water tanks to treat domestic wastewater: 7 settling tanks + 149 filtration yards for planting trees x 10 million VND = VND 70 million. II Environmental monitoring 464,240,000 III Capacity building: training program to improve environmental and 132,500,000 social management Total 869,740,000 The costs for the Resettlement Action Plan implementation (VND 1,764,389,025) are calculated in detail in the RAP report. The costs for the IPM implementation lie in the cost of environment training and organizing training courses, which are calculated by the cost per commune multiplied by the number of communes in the subproject area. Depending on the number of administrative units in the subproject area, the DARD will organize training courses to ensure that the content is appropriate, economical and effective. The following table shows the funding flows for the environmental quality monitoring and capacity building during the implementation of Ninh Binh subproject. Table 7. 11. Funding source for ESMP monitoring Funding Content Costs sources (a) Mitigation measures during Part of the cost of construction contracts WB construction phase (b) Control safeguard policies during Part of the cost of Construction construction phase Supervision Consultant (CSC) WB (c) PPMU manages the environmental Part of the cost of the PPMU Counter-part safeguard policies funding (d) Environmental quality monitoring Cost for hiring environmental monitoring WB (e) Capacity building program on Cost for hiring training. safeguard policies. WB 150 Table 7. 12. Summary of mitigation measures Locations Applied Standards Environment Responsible al and Social Mitigation Measures Costs organizations Issues Implementi Monitoring ng Agency Agency Pre-construction phase Impact due to - Prepare and implement the Resettlement Action Land acquisition Law on Land 1,764,389,000 PPMU; RAP land Plan according to the Resettlement Policy area of subproject No.45/2013/QH1;3 VND, details in the Compensati Monitoring acquisition for Framework for the whole project; Disseminate Law on Complaint RAP report on and Site Consultant; construction compensation policies to the communities. No.02/2011/QH13; Clearance Ninh Binh - Fully implement the inventory of loss (IOL). Involuntary Resettlement Committees DONRE - Organize community consultations with the (OP/BP 4.12) of the Ninh Binh PPC affected people at village meetings on the districts ; payment method and time; Strictly supervise Commune the compensation process. People’s - Strictly comply with the RAP to address Committee potential impacts relating to land acquisition. subproject - Promptly resolve complaints. Impact due to - Hiring specialized military units for UXO Scope of QCVN 01: 2012/BQP Calculated in the Project PPMU, PPC UXO clearance. construction works, National technical cost of construction Owner; - Establishing safe distance and sign boards for soil filling storage, regulation on clearance of works expertised people in the process of UXO clearance. total area of 10.8ha boms, mines and military Unexploded Ordnance (U unit XO) QCVN 02: 2008/BCT on safety in preserving, transporting, using and disposing industrial explosive materials Circular No.146/2007/TT-BQP guiding Decision No.96/2006/QD-TTg on management and implementation of UXO clearance. Impacts on - Clearly delineate land acquisition scope. The areas of tree - Biodiversity Law Contractors PPMU, CSC the biological - Do not use chemicals to clear trees. clearing, excavation No.20/2008/QH12 environment - Do not cut trees outside the land acquisition of weathering soil, - Decree No.65/2010/ND- scope. and 368.5 m2 of CP on biodiversity - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details afforestation forest. protection are in Table 7.2. Impacts on - Zoning and defining specific locations where Scope of QCVN 09-MT: 2015 Calculated in the Design unit, PPMU underground drilling and demarcation is required, construction National technical feasibility study Project water due to - Avoiding sensitive areas such as water sources, regulation on costs Local authorities Owner geological conservation areas... groundwater quality survey, - Informing local authorities previously and landmarking ensuring the participation of the authorities in the for land process of surveying and setting landmarks. acquisition - After conducting geological survey, the Design Consultant needs to fill in the boreholes immediately to avoid rainwater flowing into the pit. Construction phase Dust and Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details are - At 07 - TCVN 6438-2005: Road The cost estimate contractors; PPMU, CSC; emissions in Table 7.2. construction sites, vehicles - Maximum is calculated for Materials felling trees, allowable limits of the construction Ninh Binh and waste levelling ground, emissions; phase DONRE transportin dismantling works - Decision g units are carried out; No.35/2005/QD-BGTVT – - Along the roads Inspection of quality, of transporting technical safety and materials and environmental protection waste. for motor vehicles imported into Vietnam; - QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality; - World Bank EHS guidelines Noise and Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details are - At 07 - QCVN 26: contractors; PPMU, CSC; vibration in Table 7.2. construction sites, 2010/BTNMT: National felling trees, technical regulation on Materials Ninh Binh levelling ground, noise; and waste DONRE dismantling works - QCVN 27: transporting are carried out; 2010/BTNMT: National units. - Along the roads technical regulation on of transporting vibration; materials and - World Bank EHS waste. guidelines. - At 07 - TCVN 6438-2005: Road 07 works x 20 PE Dust and - Cover vehicle trunks when carrying materials and contractors PPMU, CSC; construction sites, vehicles - Maximum canvas sheets x emissions ensure the safety of vehicles when participating dump sites, and allowable limits of 300,000 Ninh Binh in traffic to prevent soil, sand, other construction construction emissions; VND/sheet = VND DONRE materials and dust from being released into the materials yards; - Decision 42 million; air. - Along the roads No.35/2005/QD-BGTVT – - Arranging vehicle washing stations at each of transporting Inspection of quality, 07 works x 2 construction site to clean vehicles before they materials and technical safety and vehicle washing circulate on local roads or in the areas where households living environmental protection stations x 5 million people live. near transportation for motor vehicles VND = VND 70 - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details roads. imported into Vietnam; million. are in Table 7.2. - QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality; - World Bank EHS guidelines. - At 07 construction - QCVN 26: Impacts of - Unify plans with the communities to carry out the contractors PPMU, CSC; sites, dump sites, 2010/BTNMT: National noise and works to ensure that the most likely noisy and construction technical regulation on Ninh Binh vibration activities are arranged within the certain time materials yards; noise; DONRE frame which cause the least impacts. - Along the roads - QCVN 27: - Vehicles should be regularly maintained of transporting 2010/BTNMT: National according to the required technical specifications. materials and technical regulation on - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details households living vibration; are in Table 7.2. near transportation - World Bank EHS roads. guidelines. Waste I. Waste - At 07 - QCVN 14: 2015- 7 works x 2 toilets x contractors PPMU, CSC; management (a) Wastewater construction sites, MT/BTNMT: National 3 million VND = dump sites, and technical regulation on VND 42 million; Ninh Binh For human waste (manure, urine): Each construction domestic wastewater; 7 settling tanks + DONRE construction site needs 2-3 hygienic toilets (10-15 materials yards, - QCVN 40: filtration yards for workers/1 toilet); campsites; 2011/BTNMT: National planting trees x 10 Wastewater from kitchens, bathrooms, sinks, etc. - Along the roads technical regulation on million VND = must be discharged into a tank to move out of the of transporting industrial wastewater; VND 70 million; subproject area or treat in accordance with QCVN materials - Decree No.38/2015/ND- 14: 2008/BTNMT before being discharged into the CP dated 24/04/2015 on 7 works x 5 organic environment by settling tanks and tree filtering waste and scrap compost bins x yards. management; 500,000 VND = (b) Rainwater runoff: Apply the regulations in the - Circular No.36/2015/TT- VND17.5 million; ECOP; the details are in Table 7.2. BTNMT on hazardous Transportation of waste management; waste to treatment (c) For biodegradable organic solid waste, each - Decision areas: 7 works x 1 site shall prepare 3-5 compost dustbins with a No.59/2007/ND-CP on month x 500,000 capacity of 240 liters. solid waste management; VND/month = For inorganic waste, sign contracts with the - World Bank EHS VND 3.5 million; communal waste collection teams to collect and guidelines. Solid waste treat according to local regulations. collection and treatment: 7 works II. Hazardous waste is stored, transported and x 8 month x disposed of pursuant to the provisions of the 500,000 ECOP, the details are in Table 7.2. VND/month = VND 28 million. Disruption of - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details - At 07 - Biodiversity Law Contractors PPMU, CSC vegetation are in Table 7.2. construction sites, No.20/2008/QH12; coverage and dump sites, and - Decree No.65/2010/ND- ecological construction CP on biodiversity sources materials yards, protection. campsites; - Along the roads of transporting materials, there are felling trees and heavy machines or compactors working - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details At 07 construction - Road Traffic Law Included in the Contractors PPMU, CSC Traffic are in Table 7.2. sites, dump sites, No.23/2008/QH12; construction costs management and construction - Decree No.100/2019/ND- materials yards, CP on sanctioning campsites; administrative violations Along the roads of of traffic safety; transporting - Circular No.04/2017/TT- materials BXD on the regulations on labor safety in construction; Circular No. 03/2019/TT- BXD of the Ministry of Construction, amending and supplementing a number of articles of Circular No. 04/2017/TT- BXD. - World Bank EHS guidelines Managing - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details Campsites of 7 Included in the - Labor Law Contractors PPMU, CSC worker camps are in Table 7.2. construction sites construction costs No.10/2012/QH13; - Worker residence: procedure and standards (IFC and EBRD). Chance finds The construction Actual costs When risks and verification are determined that Contractors PPMU, CSC sites where there is - Law on Cultural Heritage there are likely impacts on cultural heritages, the excavation such as No.28/2001/QH10; contractors will notify competent experts to assist repairing foot dams, - Additions and in the identification and protection of such cultural constructing amendments. heritages. spillways, water- If contractors discover archaeological sites, intake culverts, historical sites, monuments and relics, including borrow pits. graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, they must follow the steps described in the ECOP and the details are in table 7. - Train and require the use of labor protection - All 7 construction Directive No.02/2008/CT- Included in contractors PPMU, CSC Occupational equipment; sites and auxiliary BXD on occupational training costs health and - Make site plans to ensure safety conditions for works; safety and sanitation in safety workers; - Transportion construction agencies; - Install control areas and safeguard monitoring roads. - Circular No.04/2017/TT- systems and danger sign boards to warn BXD regulating labor workers. safety in construction; - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details Circular No. 03/2019/TT- are in Table 7.2. BXD of the Ministry of Construction, amending and supplementing a number of articles of Circular No. 04/2017/TT- BXD. - QCVN 18: 2014/BXD: Technical safety standards in construction; - World Bank EHS guidelines. 7 construction sites, Road Traffic Law Included in A. General risks at construction site contractors PPMU, CSC Community camps, and No.23/2008/QH12; training costs - The subproject should carry out risk health and subproject - Directive management strategies to protect the safety communes No.02/2008/CT-BXD on communities from physical, chemical or other occupational safety and risks relating to construction sites. sanitation in construction - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details agencies; are in Table 7.2. - Circular No.04/2017/TT- B. Prevention of disease BXD by the Ministry of Infectious diseases Construction regulating - Arrange monitoring, screening and active labor safety in construction treatment for workers; of works; - Prevent infectious diseases for workers in local - Circular No. 03/2019/TT- communities. BXD of the Ministry of The diseases transmitted by vectors Construction on amending - Implement integrated programs for control of and supplementing a disease vectors number of articles of Circular No. 04/2017/TT- - Distribute appropriate educational materials BXD. - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details - QCVN 18: 2014/BXD: are in Table 7.2. Technical safety standards in construction; - World Bank EHS guidelines. Management - All areas used for construction must be Stockpile of Included in the contractors PPMU, CSC of stockpile previously identified in the approved construction construction costs and borrow construction technical specifications; materials, borrow pits - Control water flows through construction sites pits, dumping sites or disturbed areas by digging ditches to collect of 7 works. water, inspecting works, lawn and stone barriers; - Environmental mitigation measures: Plant drought-resistant trees, and legume trees that are capable of soil improvement (wild peanuts, senna siamea, sesbania) mixed with forestry trees like acacia, cajuput; - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details are in Table 7.2. Communicatio - Keep open dialogues with local authorities and Communes, villages Decree No.167/2013/ND- contractors PPMU, CSC ns with the relevant communities. The contractors will in subproject CP on sanctioning local coordinate with local authorities (leaders of implementation administrative violations communities wards or communes, village leaders) to agree for violations of social construction plans in sensitive locations or at security, order and safety. sensitive times. - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details are in Table 7.2. Included in the Management A) Minimize conflicts of workers with local contractors PPMU, CSC construction costs of workers people: - Develop regulations on worker management and disseminate for compliance; - Propagate and mobilize people to support workers in the construction time; B) Minimize the impact of social evils: - Inform workers of local security and social evils; - Organize workers to sign their commitment not to commit social evils; - Collaborate with the police in managing social evils. - Apply the regulations in the ECOP; the details are in Table 7.2. Operation phase subproject The impact of - Encourage the application of scientific Circular Reservoir Commune communes production cultivation methods and integrated pest No.05/2015/TTLT - BNN managemen People’s development management and management of pesticides - BTNMT t units Committee and on the harmful to the environment and communities. districts in the environment subproject area, - Collect pesticide packages as prescribed in Circular No.05/2015/TTLT - BNN - BTNMT Ninh Binh guiding the collection of pesticide packages. DARD - Keep checking to prevent and sanction violations relating to appropriation of reservoir land area for private purposes; - Application of IPM, the details are in Appendix 3. - Inform the communities and authorities before Community and Included in Impacts of Decree No.114/2018/ND- Reservoir Commune discharging floods, water levels and possible downstream training costs and emergency CP on dam safety managemen People’s impacts. communes separate dam flood management. t units Committee and - Prepare plans to evacuate and protect assets of safety plans discharge districts in the people living downstream when necessary. subproject area, - Preapre plans to support people during the flood discharge (support for drinking water, Ninh Binh sanitation, disease control). DARD - Dam safety assessment and preparation of Community and Included in Impacts of Decree No.114/2018/ND- Reservoir Commune emergency response plans during the operation downstream training costs and dam unsafe CP on dam safety managemen People’s of the works. communes in separate dam risks management t units Committee and - Comply with the operating procedure to ensure safety plans. districts in the safe reservoir storage. subproject area; - The reservoir management units shall work with Ninh Binh DONRE, People's Committees Ninh Binh of districts and communes to establish reservoir DARD. safety corridors and submit to the Provincial People's Committee for approval. Total estimated cost: VND 273 million Table 7. 13: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan Where are How are When and how often Which parameters are monitored? Phases parameters parameters are parameters Responsible organizations monitored? monitored? monitored? The monitoring PPMU, District Pre- Temporary or permanent acquisition plans presented in Prior to the Compensation Committee, construction of residential or agricultural land Land acquisition areas the RAP report is construction, land People's Committees of phase prepared acquisition takes place subproject communes. individually. Monitoring the management of waste sources Potential waste sources: 3 months/time, for Environmental - Quantity of solid waste; EMC Worker camps Field inspection and Monitoring Consultant, - Number of toilets, campsites and PPMU Dump sites observation Periodically or wastewater treatment systems; Ninh Binh DONRE - Quantity of hazardous waste; unexpectedly for - Composition of waste. DONRE 3 months/time, for Construction Environmental phase Waste management measures: Monitoring Consultant, EMC Construction sites Field inspection and CSC - Number of dustbins; Worker camps Daily for CSC observation PPMU - Invoices, receipts of waste Dump sites Periodically or Ninh Binh DONRE collection and transport. unexpectedly for DONRE Monitor impacts on the natural environment EMC Noise observation: 2 locations/reservoir: Measurements in the 3 months/time CSC field - Noise - Dam construction 2 locations/reservoir, for PPMU - Vibration sites; environmental Ninh Binh DONRE monitoring consultant Air environment: - Construction areas of water-intake culverts Daily visual monitoring - TSP, CO, NO2, SO2, microclimate and spillways. for CSC 3 months/time 2 locations/reservoir: 2 locations/reservoir, for EMC Surface water: pH, temperature, DO, - Surface water tại Sampling and environmental CSC TSS, BOD5, COD, DO, grease, reservoir; laboratory analysis monitoring consultant PPMU Coliform - Surface water at Ninh Binh DONRE outlets/downstream Daily visual monitoring areas. for CSC 2 locations/reservoir, 3 months/time, EMC Groundwater: pH, NO2, NO3, Fe, in dug wells of some Sampling and 2 locations/reservoir, for CSC NH4, As, Cd, Pb, Coliform, households near laboratory analysis environmental PPMU Pecmanganat. construction sites monitoring consultants Ninh Binh DONRE Daily for CSC Soil erosion, landslide CSC Construction sites of Field inspection and periodically or PPMU Level and scale of erosion, spillways observation unexpectedly for Ninh Ninh Binh DONRE Binh DONRE Monitoring social impacts Social impacts: 6 months/time Field inspection and IEMC; - Income, employment, number of observation Every day, CSC PPMU Downstream inspects, acquires and crops, average yield, water supply Interview and CSC communes processes the calendar; community - Community feedbacks or consultations community's feedback complaints. (if any). Environmental sanitation Environmental sanitation: Field inspection and - Number and status of toilets; Construction sites 3 months/time for ESC observation - Number and status of sanitary EMC Worker camps Interview Daily for CSC equipment; CSC Check construction - First aid cabinets. Material gathering Periodically or PPMU diaries of - Health care; areas unexpectedly for Ninh Ninh Binh DONRE construction - Number of infectious disease cases; Binh DONRE Dump sites supervisors - Communication plan on public health. Field inspection and Occupational safety: Construction sites 3 months/time for ESC observation; EMC - Labor protection equipment Worker camps Interview; Daily for CSC CSC Check construction - Safety signs Material gathering Periodically or PPMU diaries of areas unexpectedly for Ninh Ninh Binh DONRE - Number of accidents construction Binh DONRE Dump sites supervisors 02 locations in each reservoir: Reservoir EMC Surface water: pH, DO, TSS, COD, water in regulating Sampling and 6 months/time CSC BOD5, Coliform culverts and canals laboratory analysis (02 times in total) PPMU behind water-intake Ninh Binh DONRE Operation culverts phase Before flood season Soil erosion, landslide Field inspection and comes; Downstream spillways observation Reservoir management units Level and scale of erosion, 02 years after the Interview operation Dam safety: Location of earth Field inspection and Regularly Reservoir management units - Current status of dam body and dams and auxiliary observation; auxiliary structures; structures Interview - Detecting abnormal phenomena of works. CHAPTER VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 8. 1 Objective and method of consultation In the process of environmental and social impact assessment, the community consultation and environmental information disclosure is required to ensure consensus among local authorities, local NGOs and affected communities in the subproject area. The community participation is one of the basic conditions to ensure the support of local authorities and communities to the subproject and to put forward views and opinions in the report. Through community consultation, undesirable environmental impacts are identified and mitigation measures can be documented and included in the environmental and social impact assessment. In fact, if the communities commented early in the project preparation process, the relationship between the communities and the project staff became more intimate. Based on that, the communities can contribute valuable opinions to the subproject. Purpose of public consultation The consultation with local authorities and affected people in the subproject area at the preparation and implementation phase of the environmental management plan and environment and social impact assessment reports will provide necessary information to better understand the subproject, impacts of the implementation, and possible preventive and mitigation measures to the communities and the surrounding environment, specifically: - Clarify the issues discussed at the beginning stage of the subproject; - Notify benefits to be gained when the subproject is implemented; - Point out responsibilities and awareness of the parties, beneficiary people in the subproject area during the implementation; - Encourage the community participation in identifying environmental impacts of the subproject. - Gather information about the needs and responses of local people and local authorities regarding the subproject construction and proposals to mitigate its environmental impacts or to consider adjustments during the technical engineering design. - The World Bank's policy (OP/BP 4.01) on Environmental Impact Assessment requires that affected groups and local governments must receive notification and consultation during the preparation of the social and environmental impact assessment. The community consultation during the preparation of the ESIA report of Ninh Binh Dam Rehabilittion and Safety Improvement subproject meets the World Bank's safeguard requirements and the requirements of Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP dated 13/05/2019 of the Government and Circular No.25/2019/TT-BTNMT dated 31/12/2019 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental assessment, environment impact assessmentand environmental protection plan. The community consultation provides opportunities for affected people to participate in all project implementation stages. Feedback from the consultations will be considered and incorporated into the design of construction measures and mitigation measures of the subproject. The consultation will be conducted during the implementation process as a necessary condition to address arising issues in the subproject implementation such as environmental and social impacts. The community consultation includes the following groups: • Representatives of villages/villages which may be affected; 170 • Representatives of affected households, communities living near construction sites which may be affected; • Representatives of People's Committees at all levels; • Representatives of mass organizations, Women's Unions, Farmers’ Unions ... Principles of community consultation Facilitate the participation of affected people and local authorities in the subproject area as soon as possible. The community consultations for Ninh Binh Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement subproject are consulted twice: - First time: Soon after the environmental screening is completed and before the TOR for the ESIA report is completed. - Second time: After the first draft of the ESIA report is prepared. Different methods and techniques are applied in the consultations with affected people in the subproject area, including: - Community meetings; - Household surveys; - Focus group discussions, field monitoring and interviews with key informants: The use of these methods and techniques is intended to increase the reliability and validity of feedbacks from the stakeholders, particularly affected people and ensure that (i) affected people get full information about the subproject; and (ii) all affected people are involved in the process of free consultation, prior notification and full information during the preparation and implementation process. 8.2 Consultation process Ninh Binh Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement subproject, according to the World Bank’s policy (OP/BP 4.01) on environmental impact assessment, requires 02 times of community consultations. The Environmental Consultant Unit has worked closely with the PPMU, local authorities and communities in the affected area to conduct community consultations to meet the WB requirements. According to the preliminary design report of the subproject, there are 07 reservoirs scattered in Nho Quan district and Tam Diep town. Prior to the consultation in each commune and residential area, the PPMU organized joint meetings in the province and districts to introduce and collect comments from DARD, DOC, DONRE, DPI, ... and the specialized departments of Nho Quan district and Tam Diep town for the subproject. At the consultation meeting in each commune, the Consultant introduced an overview of the subproject, identified residential areas/groups in the subproject area, collected information on local environmental sanitation, discussed potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures, developed and coordinated with the local authorities in the consultation in the subproject area. At the same time, the Consultant send written requests for consultations with concerned agencies. The effective participatory plan of consultation process was developed and implemented with the participation of all affected people and stakeholders, which is an important part of the subproject. This process identified beneficiary and affected people. The Consultant applied professional works and directly participated at site to collect information about community feedback on the proposed subproject components during the implementation and monitoring. During this period, community consultation meetings were held in 06 communes (Yen Quang commune, Phu Long, 171 Thach Binh, Quynh Luu, Gia Son Nho Quan district và Quang Son commune Tam Diep town) with the participation of the following stakeholders: - Representatives of local authorities from 06 communes in the subproject area; - Departments and unions: Father Front, Women's Union, Youth’s Union, Farmer's Union... - Representatives of households in the subproject area, including those whose land is possibly acquired and beneficiaries. The contents to be consulted and exchanged: (i) Introduction about the subproject items and components; (ii) Review of local socio-economic status; (iii) Current status of technical and social infrastructure in residential areas: electricity, roads, schools, health stations; irrigation canal system, ... (iv) Screening/evaluating potential impacts which likely occur in the subproject preparation, construction and operation phases which may affect the environment, society, culture of local people; (v) Community consultation on mitigation measures. The direct consultation process at the communities and in the Commune People’s Committees was held on 3/6/2019 – 6/6/2019. The letters issued by Ninh Binh PPMU were sent for local authorities regarding the community consultation for the preparation of the social and environmental impact assessment report. During the completion of the subproject’s the social and environmental impact assessment report (ESIA), the PPMU sent letters to the CPCs to consult with the local authorities, the Fatherland Front, other mass organizations and local communities on the content of the ESIA. 8.2.1. Summary of consultation process at Commune People’s Committees and mass organizations In the implementation of the WB's Environmental Safeguard Policy, the Government’s Law on Environmental Protection in 2014 and Circular No.27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29 May 2015, the representatives of Ninh Binh PPMU sent letters about the public consultations during the preparation and appraisal of the subproject's social and environmental impact assessment report. The direct consultation meetings were conducted on 3/6/2019 – 6/6/2019 with the participation of local people and local authorities. Table 8. 1. List of local consultation communes No. Communes Districts Reservoirs 1 Communes Yen Quang Yen Quang 1 2 Communes Gia Son Vuon Dieu 3 Communes Quynh Luu Nho Quan Dong Liem 4 Communes Thach Binh Bai Long, Dam Mo 5 Communes Phu Long Da Lai 6 Communes Quang Son Tam Diep Nui Va Participating in the consultations were representatives of local government and mass organizations (Farmers' Union, Women's Union, Father Front, Youth’s Union), PPMU and environmental and technical consultants. 172 The main contents of the consultation are: Introduction about the subproject such as objectives, locations, scale and plan of subproject implementation, technical design plans, and policies relating to environmental protection, compensation, assistance and land acquisition/resettlement by the Government of Viet Nam, the World Bank and the subproject. Ninh Binh PPMU with the support of the Environmental, Resettlement Consultant consulted on mitigation measures to the environment, the compensation and resettlement with the stakeholders, including staff from the commune/town people's committees, leaders of the population groups and local people in the affected area. After the survey and consultations, the Consultant Team had meeting with local authorities to report all survey results. At the same time, the Consultant’s experts collected relevant information, advantages and disadvantages, lessons learned and proposed measures for the resettlement plan and set up monitoring indicators and continued implementation at the next stage. The follow-up consultation was conducted during the completion of the subproject’s Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report. The PPMU sent letters to the People's Committees of the communes/towns to ask for opinions of local authorities, mass organizations and local communities on the ESIA content. The report includes the designs of the works, the construction items, the scale, possible social and environmental impacts as well as mitigation measures during the preparation, construction and operation phases of 07 reservoir areas. After reading the ESIA report, the representatives of local governments sent written response to the PPMU, highlighting the opinions of the local authorities, unions and communities about the impacts and measures relating to the environment and society. 8.2.2. Summary of consultations with communities directly affected by subproject After working with the People's Committees and the mass organizations at the commune/town level relating to the community consultation, the People's Committees co-ordinated to convene communities-based consultation meetings for the people who are directly affected by the subproject. The participants to the meetings were as follows: + Representatives of local authorities + Representative of local Fatherland Front. + Representatives of communities, households affected by the subproject + The representative of the Project Owner or consultancy agencies. The community consultation meetings were conducted in the following order: the Project Owner read the contents of the letters which were sent; present brief description of the subproject and its environmental and social impacts, including activities and proposed mitigation measures during implementation; then the participants discussed and responded to questions and comments from representatives of local authorities and local communities on the issues relating to the subproject; the communities is consulted and actively participates in discussions about the need for development as well as the sense and responsibility for the subproject objectives, they are advised on negative impacts and measures to mitigate negative impacts and improve benefits; also local authorities and riverside residents are advised on the agreement and commitment to the implementation of the resettlement policy. In addition to the consultation meetings, the Consultant undertook field surveys and exchanged directly with people living around the reservoirs to collect information and consult their comments on the issues relating to environmental and social aspects during the subproject implementation. 173 8.3 Consultation results 8.3.1. Comments from commune people's committees and local mass organizations a. Consultation and introduction about the subproject, impacts on natural and socio-economic environment, proposed mitigation measures during subproject implementation The outcomes of the consultation meetings are summarized below (the details are presented in the consultation minutes in the appendix): Table 8. 2. Summary of opinions of local authorities Opinions of Commune People's Committees Answers by PPMU and Consultant - Unanimously support the implementation of the - The PPMU agrees and absorbs the opinions of subproject to increase the irrigation storage, ensure the People's Committees. reservoir safety for downstream areas, contribute to - The reservoirs and dams in the upgraded scope the flood control, and reduce the risk of flooding. are mostly small reservoirs built 30 years ago and - Reasonable and adequate compensation policies for embanked with soil. Currently, the earth dams are affected people are required. degraded causing seepage, and the storage of - When implementing the subproject, local unskilled water for production is limited. labor should be used. - The subproject will only upgrade and repair - There should be measures to ensure traffic safety existing focal works and add some auxiliary items during construction. if necessary (reinforcing management roads, build operating houses, stop-logs, overflow culverts...) - Before construction, contractors and Project Owner which do not increase the size and storage capacity must conduct meetings and notify people and relevant of the reservoirs and irrigation spillways. local authorities about construction plans. - The subproject will consider and assess in detail - If the construction damages people’s houses, it is locations/areas that are sensitive to the neccessary to repair and compensate for affected environment and take measures to prevent and people. If public works like roads are damaged, the mitigate impacts in a scientific, feasible and repairing is required, too. suitable manner to specific local conditions. - The contractors are responsible for cleaning the sites - During implementation process, the subproject after construction. will closely coordinate with local authorities to - Local authorities are willing to provide locations of implement measures to minimize social - borrow pits/disposal sites (surplus soil and environmental impacts to ensure social order and construction wastes do not contain hazardous wastes) security. in the permitted conditions. 174 At the People’s Committees of Yen Quang At the People’s Committees of Gia Son commune commune At the People’s Committees of Quang Son At the People’s Committees of Phu Long commune commune At the People’s Committees of Quynh Luu At the People’s Committees of Thach Binh commune Figure 8. 1. Some photos of consultation with local authorities and mass organizations in subproject communes Table 8. 3. Summary of consultation activities which were implemented No. Communes Participants EM Female Locations Organizations participants participants 1 Communes Office of Representatives of Yen Quang, Commune Commune People’s 13 9 8 Nho Quan People’s Committee, mass 175 Committee organizations, affected households Office of Representatives of Communes Commune Commune People’s Phu Long, People’s Committee, mass 2 12 8 6 Nho Quan Committee organizations, affected district households, non- affected households 3 Communes Office of Representatives of Thach Binh, Commune Commune People’s 21 13 9 Nho Quan People’s Committee, mass district Committee organizations 4 Communes Office of Representatives of Gia Son, Nho Commune Commune People’s Quan district People’s Committee, mass 14 0 5 Committee organizations, affected households 5 Communes Office of Representatives of Thach Binh, Commune Commune People’s Nho Quan People’s Committee, mass 14 2 5 district Committee organizations, affected households 6 Communes Office of Representatives of Quynh Luu, Commune Commune People’s Nho Quan People’s Committee, mass 15 0 9 district Committee organizations, affected households 7 Communes Office of Representatives of Quang Son, Commune Commune People’s TP Tam Diep People’s Committee, mass 16 0 15 Committee organizations, affected households b. Consultations with local organizations via dispatches The PPMU sent official letters to the Commune People's Committees in the subproject area, attached to the drafts of the Environment and Social Impact Assessment Report. The report clarifies what impacts might happen during the subproject construction to the communities and the natural conditions in the subproject area. The feedback from local authorities has been sent, with the majority agreeing on the content of the report on existing social and environmental impacts, which may arise during the subproject implementation, from the preparation, the construction to the operational phases as well as the solutions and measures to minimize environmental and social impacts. 8.3.2.Opinions of communities At the community consultation meetings, the representatives of the Project Owner read the contents of the dispatches/letters, briefly introduced the subproject and its environmental impacts, the subproject activities, forecasted impacts and proposed mitigation measures, then 176 listened to the opinions of the farmers, the households who are directly affected, discussed and responded to the comments, suggestions as well as questions of the communities participating in the meetings about the relating issues. The results of the community consultation meetings in the subproject area show that people actively participated in the expression of ideas and suggestions relating to the implementation of the subproject items of works, its environmental and social issues which may happen, and feasible mitigation measures which should be applied. The results of the community consultation meetings in communes/towns in the subproject area are summarized below. - Local people desired to participate in the construction scheduling because all construction items are relating to their irrigation water, therefore during the construction, the contractors should pay attention to the crop seasons, harvest times to minimize losses of farmers. - Affected people want to receive full information on compensation and support policies in order that they know the compensation options and have the opportunity to choose. - The communities strongly supports the subproject and expects it to be implemented soon. - The construction companies should set up and announce construction plans, signage, lighting at construction sites, store material to ensure traffic safety. Most of the roads to the dam are the only local roads of each area. Therefore, the contractors are required to regularly inspect the traffic safety, especially the time of students. - Local residents want the contractors to announce the construction plan before 6 months in order that they can arrange trees and livestock suitably. - The PPMU and the contractors should regularly update information on the local construction progress for people in order to arrange their work and daily life to minimize inconvenience during the construction. An appropriate method of construction in section by section should be introduced to avoid rampant construction on the entire sites to reduce influence radius. - Provide the Community Supervision Boards with the training programs to help them accurately understand their functions and tasks. At the same time, it is of necessity give them funding to maintain and support the members of the Community Monitoring Boards in carrying out their tasks. - Provide necessary support to households doing business, persons directly or indirectly affected by the construction phase. - Minimize any delays in construction progress to avoid direct impacts on household income and daily living. - Minimize dust and noise when transporting materials collected from construction sites, especially vehicle speed and load when driving in village roads. - The Project Owner must assign representatives at construction sites to closely manage the activities of the Construction contractors and ensure the contact points in order that people can contact them in case of emergency. The summary of the comments and opinions hereafter is based on the minutes of the local community consultation meetings that took place on the same days with the local government consultation meeting. These are what people are most concerned about when the subproject implements. 8.4 Commitment of the subproject owner After two times of consultations, the opinions of the representatives of the People's Committees, the mass organizations, the local communities and Ninh Binh PPMU, the Environment Consultant incorporated the opinions in the CESMP report as follows. 177 - Regarding the environmental sanitation and public health, the PPMU and the construction contractors shall fully implement the mitigation measures stated in the Environment and Social Impact Assessment Report. Also, the subproject representatives will collaborate with the local authorities to disseminate the activities, impacts and mitigation measures of the subproject to local people. - The sanction in accordance with the terms of contracts and payment for the contractors that fail to comply with the CESMP commitment to environment and social protection will be fully implemented. - Relating to the compensation and resettlement and social impacts, the PPMU committed to cooperate with the relevant authorities and agencies at all levels to comply with the laws of Vietnam and the World Bank’s policies during the subproject implementation. The PPMU, the communities and the local authorities regularly supervise the implementation and disclosure of information on the mitigation measures implemented by the construction companies. - Regarding the traffic safety, aiming at minimizing impact of traffic congestion, poor traffic safety, damage to community facilities caused by the construction and transportation of raw materials, the Contractor shall apply mitigation measures in accordance with the CESMP. - During the construction, the means of material transport that serve construction must comply with the prescribed load and speeds on each transport route. Material must be covered during transportation. - Coordinate closely with local authorities in the subproject area during the construction to solve problems arising and ensure regional security. - The PPMU requests all contractors to take suitable construction solutions so as not to affect the water supply for agriculture and living of people in the downstream area of the reservoirs. - Regarding the construction progress: The construction items are conformed to the construction schedule. - The PPMU requests the design consultant to make sure the convenience of the local people in access to the community’s facilities. - The PPMU and the construction contractors will restore the environment after construction such as ensuring the water flows and restoring the environment of the ditches, canals around the dam construction sites, drainage culverts, management roads and embankments. - The PPMU will direct and supervise the construction contractors to implement all measures to mitigate adverse environmenta and social impacts. 8.5 Information disclosure Ninh Binh Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement subproject complies with the World Bank's policy on access to information and the GoV’s regulations. Specifically, the subproject information is widely made available on the local mass media as follows: a) The draft reports on the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and the Resettlement Action Plan were sent to affected people and local NGOs for review and comment before conducting face-to-face consultation meetings. b) The Final Report on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in Vietnamese language shall be disclosed on the project’s website and at the commune’s offices accessible to locally-affected people and local NGOs, and the English version shall be disclosed on the Bank’s external website prior to appraisal. 178 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions - The subproject is classified as Category-B in accordance with the WB’s Environment Safeguard Policy. The subproject is not located in environmentally and socially sensitive areas and does not fall in the exlusion criteria of the WB. - The report has adequately identified and assessed significant impacts in all three phases of preparation, construction and operation. Also, it has pointed out the mitigation measures in close consultation with local authorities and affected people including the vulnerable groups. - The implementation of Ninh Binh Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement subproject may cause negative impacts during the preparation, construction and operation phases. However, as the scale of construction works is small, the impacts are considered termporary, localized and small to medium. Mitigation measures are considerded feasible and appropriate to the natural and socio-economic conditions and local management and construction conditions. - The Environmental and Social Management Plan was prepared to manage impacts and update the local authorities on the implementation of the construction activities of the subproject. The monitoring plan as part of the ESMP shall be followed during the subproject implementation. The CSC will regularly monitor and preapre monthly reports to submit to PPMU. Contractors also prepare the compliance reports by themsevels to sumit to PPMU. Recommendations - Based on the findings of the environmental and social impact assessment, it is recommended that the mitigation measures mentioned in the Environment and Social Management Plan shall be developed as an integral part of the Construction Bidding Documents. The contractors shall do breakdown the workload and submit the total cost for the implementation of the mitigation measures. The cost is considered as the implementation cost of the ESMP and will be paid when the contractors were evaluated that they have effectively implemented the mitigation measures. - Based on the Environment and Social Impact Assessment Report, PPMU recommends the local competent authorities and the World Bank to review and approve the Environment and Social Impact Assessment of Ninh Binh subproject to make a basis for implementing the next steps of the subproject progress. 179 REFERENCES 1. Project Social and Environment Management Framework (DRSIP, 2015); 2. Feasibility Study (FS) of Ninh Binh Dam Rehabilitation and Safety subproject, 06/2019; 3. Reports on Resettlement Action Plan and Social Impact Assessment of Ninh Binh Dam Rehabilitation and Safety subproject, 06/2019; 4. Report on socio-economic situation in 06 communes in 2018; 5. Report on socio-economic situation in 2018 of Nho Quan district and Tam Diep town; 6. Google Earth Photo Source; 7. Ninh Binh Statistical Yearbook, 2018; 8. Report on the Environment Status of Ninh Binh province, period 2011-2015; 9. Types of maps: 10. Map of the subproject area. 11. Map of current status and land use planning of the subproject area. 12. Planning for exploitation of common minerals (filling soil) for the projects in Ninh Binh province, 2016. 180