-~~l k Lja CHINA INLAND WATERWAYS PROJECT (LN. 39106-CHA) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY PART A SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT of the GUIGANG MULTI-PURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT GUANGXI, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Prepared Under the Supervision of the Guangxi Communications Department and Compiled in English by Environomics Consultants Co. Ltd. Beijing February 1994 Revised April 1994 Final Revision to Include Socio-Economic Data: May 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. INTRODUCTION 1 A. I Regulatory Framework 1 A.2 EIA Report Preparation 1 B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 B. 1 Objectives 2 B.2 Description 2 (i) Infrastructure 3 (ii) Population and Output 7 C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 7 C. 1 Natural Environment 7 (i) Meteorology 7 (ii) Terrain and Geology 7 (iii) Surface and Groundwater 7 (iv) Flora and Fauna 8 C.2 Socio-economic Setting 8 (i) Local Economy 8 (ii) Population and Indigenous Peoples 8 (iii) Cultural and Historical Properties 9 (iv) Public Health 9 D. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 9 D. 1 Location Issues 9 (i) Inundation Management and Prevention 9 (ii) Socio-economic Impacts 10 a. Agricultural Development Program 10 b. Aquaculture and Forestry 11 c. Employment and Training 11 (iii) Flora and Fauna 15 (iv) Impact on Cultural and Historical Properties 16 (v) Coal Handling Terminals 16 a. Principal Environmental Impacts 17 b. Dust Prevention 17 c. Wastewater Treatment 17 D.2 Construction Issues 17 (i) Noise (ii) Soil Erosion and Dust 17 (iii) Atmospheric Pollution 18 (iv) Surface Water Pollution 18 (v) Economic Impacts of Construction 19 (vi) Public Health 19 (vii) Dredging and Widening of the Channel 20 E. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 20 F. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 21 F. I Institutional Arrangements 21 F.2 Environmental Monitoring 21 F.3 Environmental Capacity Building and Training 24 G. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN BUDGET 25 I. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND COMPENSATION 27 J. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 30 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP/EMP FOR THE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT 32 LIST OF DOCUMENTS 37 A. INTRODUCTION The original Chinese EIA for the Guigang Multi-Purpose Navigation Project (GMPN) was prepared by the Guangxi Electric Industry Design Institute (GEIDI) between 1990 and 1991 as part of the Feasibility and Preliminary Design Report. The EIA was reviewed and conditionally approved by the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) in December 1991. A supplemental report was produced in early 1992 to meet the additional NEPA conditions, thus meeting all the Chinese EIA requirements. The Guangxi Communications Department (GCD) engaged the services of Environomics in mid-1993 to assist in the preparation of the project English language EIA report for submission to the World Bank. The Environomics scope of work included review of the Chinese EIA documents, compilation and re-assessment of available background data and information, and drafting of the English EIA report. Due to time and resource constraints, the English EIA is based only on data collected during the original EIA and Feasibility Study. Environomics has attempted to validate available information with the original field data when feasible, and has sought clarification and amplification of material from GEIDI to meet as closely as possible Bank EIA requirements. In addition to the main EIA report, Environomics has prepared an Environmental Action Plan (EAP) and an Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) under the direction of the Guangxi Communications Department. The latter two documents provide a rational program and schedule for mitigating and monitoring potential project environmental impacts within the technical and resource constraints of the project proponents. A full socio-economic impact study was completed by the Guangxi Electric Industry Design Institute and included in the original feasibility study for the project. It contains information and statistics on socio-economic impacts and implementation of economic reallocation measures. A.1. Regulatory Framework In August 1987, Guangxi Autonomous Region Construction Committee submitted Document No. 85 to the Ministry of Communications proposing the GMPN project. The Ministry approved the location for the project and authorized the expedited completion of the preliminary project design. In January 1990, Guangxi Communications Department Document No. 008 assigned the responsibility for performing the EIA to GEIDI which completed the report in 1991. A.2. EIA Report Preparation The Chinese EIA was prepared with reference to the following regulations and standards: a. Environmental Protection of Law of P.R.C. b. Water Pollution Prevention Law of P.R.C. c. Fishing Law of P.R.C. d. Water Law of P.R.C. 1 e. Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard. f. Air-Environmental Quality Standard. g. Urban Environmental Noise Standard. h. EIA Standard of Hydropower from Ministry of Electricity and Hydrology. The English language EIA was prepared to meet as closely as possible the requirements of the World Bank "Environmental Assessment Source Book". B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION B.1. Objectives The primary objective of the proposed GMPN project is to improve the navigability of the Yujiang river between the Xijin dam and Guigang city. The project will ensure a minimum navigable water depth during dry seasons, thus guaranteeing an uninterrupted flow of shipping and the reclassification of the river to a 3rd Class waterway accessible to 1000 ton barges. The upgrading will make the Yujiang river the backbone of the Xijiang river system transportation strategy and thus facilitate economic development in Guangxi and the adjacent provinces. Additional benefits of the proposed GMPN project include hydropower generation and increased availability of irrigation water. Guigang city and to a lesser extent the upstream Hengxian county are currently constrained in their development due to a shortage of electric power. The project will have the capacity to generate 120 MW of hydro- electric power to supplement area supplies. A minimum capacity of approximately 36 MW A is guaranteed during the dry season which amounts to an average 590 GW.h annual power h generation. It is also anticipated that several thousand hectares of medium productivity land / will be brought under cultivation following project completion due to the increased availability of high quality irrigation water. 7 'l': B.2. Description The proposed GMPN project is an integral part of the Guangxi Autonomous Region's economic development strategy which includes improvement of its railway, highway and waterway transportation infrastructure. Guangxi is located in central south western China and is bordered by Vietnam to the south; and Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces to the south east, east, north and west respectively. By virtue of its location, Guangxi is a transit route for goods and commerce within south western China, and an important link for the region's international trade. The Guangxi road and rail network is currently poorly developed and lacks the capacity to efficiently transport goods to potential markets. Traditionally, waterways have been a major mode of transportation in Guangxi and are currently used for shipment of bulk commodities and raw materials between the interior and coastal areas. The proposed GMPN project is designed to increase the transportation capacity of the Yujiang river which flows approximately west to east in southern Guangxi and is a major transportation route for the entire region. 2 The Yujiang river is part of the Xijiang river system which drains an approximate area of 90,800 km2 and discharges into the Pearl river delta in the east. The river system is a major route for the transportation of raw materials and manufactured goods from as far inland as Sichuan, and thus occupies a vital position in the economy of the region. The improvement of this waterway, combined with other proposed infrastructure projects shall provide the transportation network required to meet the anticipated demands of increasing trade between Guangxi, adjacent provinces, Vietnam and the ports of Hong Kong and Macau. The proposed GMPN project consists of a low head concrete impoundment and lock system planned for the mid to lower reaches of the Yujiang river, approximately six kilometers upstream of Guigang City (Figure la). The area is in the historic flood plain of the meandering Yujiang river, characterized by flat topography with occasional limestone outcrops, and deep, fertile fluvial soils. The project site is located in a straight length of the river which follows a wide turn and continues along the same course through Guigang city. (Figure lb) The Yujiang river is approximately 400 meters wide at this location and is confined within an eroded channel by unstable earth banks which are marked with drainage gullies and show evidence of erosion and slumping. The Yujiang river is presently regulated by the low head concrete Xijin dam, approximately 104 kilometers upstream of the project site, and at 110 kilometers downstream by the Guiping dam. The dams were constructed in the 1960's and the 1980's respectively to enhance the navigability of the river, provide hydro-power and to improve irrigation and fisheries. The river is currently designated a 6th Class waterway (Table 1), navigable for 100 ton barges. While there is capacity for larger barge traffic during the wet season, the river flow between Xijin dam and the proposed project site is reduced significantly during the dry season, exposing some 22 shallow and rocky areas which hinder navigation and increase the hazard to shipping. (i) Infrastructure The land transportation system in the project area consists of a network of dirt and gravel roads interlacing the countryside and connecting with paved two lane Class II or Class III highways. National Road 209 located on the northern plane of the Yujiang river is the major trunk road in the project vicinity. This road which is poorly maintained and very congested carries the bulk of the highway passenger and goods traffic in the region. The railway system in the Yujiang river area is relatively undeveloped; its main function is for hauling bulk materials to small loading facilities along the river which transfer the materials to barges for transportation to downstream locations. The Xijin dam is the major source of electric power for Hengxian County. Several low-head dams along the tributaries of the Yujiang river also provide power to isolated communities or commercial operations. Guigang City receives its power from the regional electricity grid which is networked to both thermal and hydro-power plants. Currently, the Yujiang river area is constrained in its development due to a lack of electricity. This is particularly true of Guigang City, which suffers from acute power shortages, requiring major industries to generate electricity on site. 3 f A 0 " C - i n g 0Gj rVNll, Hengxian Counly * .' Xijin Resrvon Henxi Hlengxian County a Baihe ~~~~~~~~~~~Guigang City C CHIN'A t LEGEND |- GUIGANG MULTI-PURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT - Figure I a XI ETNANt I -d R.d ENVIRO.N dICS GMPN PROJECT SITE - Figure lb M- V/ -14~~~~~~~~~~~~~- '4 ~ ~ ~ p THE GEEA AOT / A\ . 1AVGAIN POJC TABLE 1 STANDARD SCALE OF WATERWAY NAVIGATION Effective Scale of Navigation Navigable Clear Height of Crowsing River Structure (mn) Fleet Scale (m) Wavigable Pis Scale (m) Lock (m) Ship Model & (ength'Width W & Caliged R Natural & Camli River Restrict_d Chwnne Lane Barge Scale (Length' Draft) River Channel Cuoiaturc ClassTonnage Width' Radius - (t) Designing Draft Depth Single Double Depth Width OLngth Width Threshold Net Net Upper- Side Net Net Upper. Side Lane lane (Lk) (BK) Depth Height Width bottom Height Height width bottom Height width width (1k) (Hm) (Bih) width (b) (h) (IHm) (B1t) width (b) (h) (1)350'64.8*3.5 - 120 1050 24 160 120 7.0 245 (2)27148.6'3.S 10( 190 810 125 95 7.0 1 3000 75'16.203.5 (327524.. 7 3 o 300Q 7-16.28 (3)2O67¢32.4-35 3.4C75 145 _ - 800 280 34 5.S 95 70 7.0 _ _ _ _ (4)_19232,4'3.5 70 130 5.5 130 580 _-18 85 65 8.0 18 130 100 7.0 (1)316-32.4-3.5 80 150 950 _os go 6.0 67.5 10.8'3.4 (2)4532.43.4 3.4-3.8 75 145 740 280 34 5.5 18 90 70 8.0 75'1412.6 (3)1Q0'14*2.6 2.6-3.0 35 70 4.0 65 540 190 16 4.0 10 50 40 6.0 10 65 50 6.0 (1)270 32.4 2.0 80 ISO 730 (2)238-21.6*2.0 55 110 720 260 23 3.0-3.5 70 55 6.0 _11 1000 67.51O.8'2.0 (3)167-21.682.0 2.0-2.4 9 0 3.2 85 480 180 23 3.0-3.5 60 45 6.0 85 65 6.0 (4)160110.8*2.0 30 60 3.2 s0 480 180 12 3.0-3.5 40 3 6.0 1 0 4 . (1)16021.6-1.6 45 90 480 180 23 2.5-3 0 60 50 4.0 IV 500 4510.811.6 (2)112021.601.6 40 80 2.5 80 340 120 23 2.503.0 8 50 41 4.0 - 80 66 3.5 t16-1.9- -- - - - a (3)109;10.81.6 30 50 2.5 45 330 120 12 2.5-3.0 35 29 5.0 S 45 37 4.0 (1)125018.4-1.3 40 75 380 140 23 2.0-2.5 48 38 4.0 V 300 3519.211.3 8 (2)89'18.4-1.3 35 70 2.0 75 270 100 23 2.0-2.5 38 31 4.5 8 75-77 62 3.5 (3)87-9.2'1.3 1.3-1.6 22 40 2.5 40 260 100 12 2.5-3.0 5 28-30 25 3.5 5 38 32 3.5 2.0 2.0-2.5 8 5.5 8 5 0 _6-5.21.8 (1)36l5.5-20_ 2.5 18-22 105 190 12 2.5-3.0 4.5 18-22 14-17 3.4 3217'1.0 (2)154-14.6-i.0 25 45 130 160 16 1.5 4.5 22 17 3.4 _ VI 100 32-6.2r1.0 (3)6'656.51.0 15 30 1.5 25 200 80 8 1.5 25-30 19 3.6 3006.4(7.5) 1.0 (4)74'6.4-(7.5)11.0 15 30 1.5 28 220 80 8 1.5 6 I8 14 4.0 6 28-30 21 3.4 2114.5'1.75 (1)273'4.8X1.75 2.2 18 85 140 12 2.5 18 14 2.8 VI) S0 23'5.4'0 8 (2)20005.400.8 7-1.( 10 20 1.2 20 90 110 12 1.2 3.5 14 _ 2.8 3 18 14 2.8 3006.200.7 (3)60'6.500.7 13 25 1.2 26 180 70 8 1.2 4.5 18 14 2.8 4.5 25-30 19 Navigabl char Weigit of bridges: (l) When there a-e cptirl probium durin te irltnnirn of bridgte, tandsvss h: djbe td .-tncooieg to the risotos. (2) Whn there ie tsobrt s the bwrg t (re pila, t width bera,oo bridge pier (or pilloars) of the inviption ptS shaM ineba the svidth of she *ableorc arsa (3) Whet bridge hsvo to be Wll in wLAding areas of poor nvigability, ret Wsh stud be in arrdasre sit thb reqsir r of asf evigation. (ii) Population and Output The zone of influence (ZOI) for the project is approximately 76,300 Km2 which amounts to 32 percent of the area of Guangxi province. The area includes 12.33 million mu (790,000 ha) of cultivated land and has a population of 11.4 million, which is equivalent to 26.3 percent of the Guangxi population. The gross output value of agriculture and industry in 1992 was 20.6 billion yuan (RMB) with a 10.8 percent average annual increase (calculated over the period 1981-90). Before 1988, agricultural and industrial output were approximately equal. In 1990 the value of industrial output increased to double that of agriculture and in 1992 it reached 16 times agricultural output. C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT C.1. Natural Enviromnent (i) Meteorology The GMPN project area lies in Southwest China and has a subtropical monsoon climate with distinct rainy and dry seasons. The rainy season, which is marked by heavy monsoon precipitation, lasts from April to the end of August, while the dry season extends from September to March. Rainfall ranges from 2020.7mm to 975.0mm, with an average annual precipitation of 1450mm. Temperatures range from 39.50C in summer to -3.4°C in winter, with an average temperature of 21.50C. (ii) Terrain and Geology Terrain in the project area is generally mountainous in the north, with low lying plains in the south. The Yujiang river flows through the Xijin step area and into the reservoir from southwest to northeast, forming a U-shaped river valley. Some sections of the Yujiang river contain navigational hazards including shallows and rock outcrops, but most of the river is wide and has a natural flow. The step tableland bordering the river is heavily developed. Exposed strata at the dam site consists of Cambrian, Triassic, Cretaceous, Devonian and Carboniferous formations, of which the latter two are the most widely distributed. Igneous rocks appear in the Xijin dam and impoundment area. Most of the bed rock is covered by Quatemary period strata. Fault activity in the region is considered low and earthquakes above magnitude 5.0 on the Richter scale do not commonly occur. (iii) Surface and Groundwater The proposed GMPN project site is located on the Yujiang river approximately 104 kilometers downstream of the Xijin hydroelectric station. The catchment area between the two locations is 4400 km2, 5.4 percent of the total river basin. There are seven major tributaries and some small reservoirs within this section of the Yujiang river. The Yujiang river is the main source of industrial water supplies in the project 7 area, as well as a supplementary source of domestic and irrigation water. Groundwater is plentiful, and many residents obtain their drinking water from domestic wells. (iv) Flora and Fauna The region surrounding Guigang city, including the proposed project area, has been heavily developed, and high population density has put tremendous strain on the terrestrial environment. Deforestation and intensive agricultural land practices have decimated regional riparian biota. Diversity of plant species is low and forest cover which originally dominated the area has been destroyed and replaced by cash crops, shrubs and grassland for cattle grazing. Seasonal flood inundation has also greatly reduced the diversity of flora and fauna. Birds and reptile species are the predominant wildlife species found within the extremely poor habitat of the project site. The rare species in the region such as pangolin, masked civet, silver-ring snake, and white crane inhabit mountainous and densely forested areas at a distance from the site, and hence are unlikely to be affected by the project. The Yujiang river has an abundance of aquatic organisms including a variety of fish species and hydrophytes, some of which will experience impacts from the project. C-2. Socio-economic Setting (i) Local Economy The project area is within a major agricultural region which produces approximately 27 percent of Guangxi's agricultural output. Cultivated crops include cereals such as rice, wheat and corn, and also peanuts, sesame, mushrooms, sugarcane, fruits, tea and tobacco. Farming activities have historically been constrained due to poor transportation, inadequate power availability, and cycles of drought and flooding. A secondary benefit of the project therefore will be the greater availability of quality irrigation water and the bringing into production of dry uncultivated lands. Currently, the full potential for industrial output and commerce in the project area has not been realized. The major light industries process or produce sugar, paper, fertilizer, food products, textiles and leather. Heavy industries include manufacture of steel, concrete, and machinery as well as mining of coal and other minerals. (ii) Population and Indigenous Peoples The project area has a population of 11.4 million, approximately 90 percent of which is rural and depends on farming or fishing for subsistence. Some 40 percent of the population is made up of non-Han nationalities, with a large majority being Zhuang. The various nationalities in the reservoir area are relatively well integrated with the exception of some isolated inland and highland villages which are predominantly Zhuang. The latter communities are not within the direct area of reservoir impact. 8 (iii) Cultural and Historical Properties Various surveys were performed during the feasibility study to inventory cultural and historic sites in the reservoir area and identify potential impacts of the proposed project on these sites. The District Traffic Planning, Prospecting and Design Academy (DTPPDA) in collaboration with provincial historical relics authorities prepared a report in accordance with "The Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China," which identified approximately 17 sites within the reservoir area. The DTPPDA performed a comprehensive survey of the reservoir area over a one year period and compiled sufficient information to characterize the historic sites and provide suggestions for mitigation alternatives where required. The DTPPDA survey was performed on both banks of the Yujiang river from Watang town in Guigang city to Hengzhou in Hengxian county. Historical and cultural sites in the project area include: twelve Neo-lithic period relic sites containing artifacts such as pottery and stone implements; one ancient city site; one ancient kiln site; a group of ancient tombs and burial mounds from the Nan Dynasty; and three historic structures: the Mother Dragon Temple, Fubo Temple, and Haitang Bridge. (iv) Public Health Diseases which have previously affected the reservoir area include viral hepatitis, dysentery, typhoid fever, encephalitis B and malaria. Viral hepatitis and dysentery currently pose the most widespread problems in the region. Incidence of encephalitis B has greatly decreased in recent years. Blood fluke and schistosomiasis were eradicated in 1983, and filariasis was eliminated in 1990. In the last five years, the incidence of malaria has dropped to below 1/10,000. While the enlarged area of stagnant water resulting from the project is a potential breeding ground for mosquitoes, based on the experience of the nearby Xijin dam, this is unlikely to increase the incidence of malaria in the reservoir area. D. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES D.1. Location Issues (i) Inundation Management and Prevention Following completion of the GMPN project, the water levels in the reservoir will rise approximately six meters above pre-construction levels. The total inundated area is estimated at approximately 6,735 mu (450 ha), including 2,537 mu (169 ha) of paddy fields and 1,498 mu (100 ha) of dry cultivated land. The area affected by inundation covers 12 counties of Guigang city and Hengxian county. During the primary stages of the GMPN project, engineering measures will be taken to minimize loss of land and other economic assets due to inundation. These include reinforcement of existing dikes and construction of additional ones in key areas. As a result of these measures, it appears that the GMPN project will not increase flood water levels during the rainy season and that any inundation will be in low-lying areas, below the 9 design reservoir operating water level and primarily in the tributaries of the main channel. Approximately 716 ha of land will be protected from inundation in 46 different areas. Cultivated lands account for 576 ha of the protected area and the remaining 140 ha includes residential areas and economic installations. The total area to be inundated after prevention measures are taken is 448 ha, of which cultivated land accounts for 268 ha. There are currently 111 dikes and embankments with an area of 7,000 ha in the reservoir vicinity. Of these, 78 embankments will be affected by inundation, approximately 46 of which will be rebuilt as part of the inundation prevention program. Embankment locations are shown in Figure 2. (ii) Socio-economic impacts The provincial government has taken considerable care to design the project in a manner which will minimize disruption to area communities, economy, environment and historical sites. Where possible the project design has optimized use of protection measures and suggested alternatives to minimize economic dislocation of farming communities. As a result, it appears that no physical resettlement of communities is necessary since the project reservoir area will be within the 10-year flood plane which currently has only ten houses. The occupants of these houses have required that a dike be built to protect their property and the government has agreed to do this. The compensation program which has been formulated to assist farmers who will lose their land still requires more detailed planning. The local governments which are responsible for this aspect of the project have already mobilized teams which will assist in the project implementation at the grass roots level. The lands of 12,696 people are potentially subject to inundation, however following protective measures which will be taken as part of the construction project, the official estimate is reduced to 4743. All efforts will be made by the city and local governments to ensure economic relocation will take place within the same vicinity. a) Agricultural Development Program In order to offset the losses of land caused by inundation, the fullest possible use will be made of local natural resources. Farmlands that now provide only low or medium yields will be upgraded through introduction of irrigation and intensive agricultural techniques. Wasteland and barren hills are to be reclaimed and irrigated for growing grain crops and planting trees and orchards. Aquaculture will also be expanded in the reservoir. Moreover, emphasis will be placed on agro-technical training to help the local population improve the agricultural productivity of their lands. Irrigation schemes are being developed for the project area by local governments and as such no details are currently available. Economic mitigation measures are contained in Table 2 and Figure 3. An estimated 1,849 mu (117 ha) of wasteland will be reclaimed to plant grain, oil-yielding crops, fruit trees and tea shrubs at an investment of 1475 yuan per mu. Another 13,389 mu (893 ha) of farmland that currently provides only low or medium yields will be upgraded by improving farming methods, irrigation and drainage conditions, increasing fertilizer applications and introducing better seed varieties. An investment of 5.69 million 10 yuan will be made which is expected to increase grain yields by 1,339 tons annually. The combined measures of reclaiming wasteland and upgrading marginal farmlands are expected to re-employ an estimated 915 people. In order to take advantage of the ideal local conditions for fruit production, an investment of 13.8 million yuan will be made to reclaim 4662.5 mu (311 ha) of wasteland to plant fruit trees. This is expected to generate an annual net income of 7.6 million yuan, enough tar're-employ an estimated 3,779 people. Naturally, there will be a recovery period for agricultural production in the reservoir area after inundation occurs. Based on the measures described above, however, it is estimated that production levels and living standards of the relocated population will be regained by 1995. b) Aquaculture and Forestry Aquaculture investment will be concentrated in Guigang city. It will involve improving existing fish ponds, investing in fish species and fry input. Some 252.8 ha of fish ponds with yields of less than 50 kg per mu will be upgraded. With a planned investment of 2.51 million yuan, 200 more fish fry are to be bred on every mu of fish pond. Lingmeng reservoir in Xingtang township will also be developed for fishing. Measures to develop forestry resources include planting trees on 67 ha of reclaimed land in Baihe town, Henghe county. c) Employment and Training Plans for re-employing those displaced from their lands includes both short- term and long-term components. In the short-term, displaced farmers will be given employment in the GMPN construction project and in township and village enterprises to be set up using development funds paid to local governments. A total of 5 million yuan will be invested in setting up a cannery, a starch mill and a brick and tile yard. It is estimated that these enterprises will yield an annual net income of 2 million yuan, sufficient to employ 300 people. In the longer-term, funds will be provided to reclaim wastelands, upgrade low- yielding fields and plant orchards as described in the above section. Villagers wishing to continue farming will be assigned new lands. Those not satisfied with the quality of their new plots will be given financial incentives to move. It appears that some farmers, particularly the younger ones, would prefer direct cash compensation for their land so that they can undertake non-agrarian activities. It is also recommended that the provincial government, Guigang municipality and the Hengxian county government give priority to the relocated population in recruiting workers, cadres, and students, as well as in the provision of loans and tax breaks. 11 S > Jt;44 Y.ni.o 02i 0 j7--_ KiE l / I'n_ City .~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '. Ma Hengxiaa a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~illg ~~~ -'a~~~N 0 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ) a-"' ~~~~~ aDS \~~m N-"'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~sh,eP LEGEND .....OLONMIS UYSLA050 RT' ~~ ~~~MF'm LOCATIONS~~~~~EWR NO IC - F' "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' B ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 © l' < ( / \ fM']in\ \ \: 1'"r dAtW<. ' $\ Hengxian C/it -' Ls,---EGEND ,/ i -,Z z"\< 1o- --CT If L7§TfZ i : t / V ,---- GUrGANG MULTI-PURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJE ! k . ( u . < < 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ENVIlRONVO,MICS, ul SOI-EoNoN:2C| ___ '- \> ] - \ - . .. ?S 9q; 9-4 swl s (,§}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' TABLE 2 ECONOMIC MITIGATION MEASURES Itemn Unit Grnd Guigang City Hengxian County Total Total Qitaoyu Xintang Watang Sibuai Shika Daling Total Baihe Yunbiao Fanmland To Population People 4994 4138 2108 44 701 1097 30 158 856 560 296 Be UpgiwJed To Be Affected, In 1995 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Area Mu 38815 10392.5 3392.5 154 2453.5 3839.5 553 2996 1960 1036 Ilveatment x I RMB 5.6900 4.4167 1.4418 0.0654 1.0427 1.6318 _ 0.2350 1.2733 0.S33 0.4403 Grain Ton 1338.85 1039.25 339.25 15.4 245.35 383.95 . 55.3 299.6 196.0 103.6 lncre Output Value x06 RMB 0.9372 0.7275 0.2375 0.0108 0.1717 0.2688 - 0.0387 0.2097 0.1372 0.0725 Nct income xlO'R RMB 0.6696 0.5197 0.1696 0.00077 0.1227 0.1920 - 0.0277 0.1499 0.0981 0.0518 New luAd To Area Mu 1849 1733 1502 . 45 186 116 30 86 Be R1eclaimed Investment x1O' RMB 2.7274 2.5562 2.2155 _ _ . 0.0664 0.2743 0.1712 0.0443 0.1269 Grain Yield Ton 924.5 866.5 751.0 . . 22.5 93.0 58 15.0 43.0 Output Value xlO' R1MB 0.6471 0.6065 0.5257 _ 0.0157 0.0651 0.0406 0.0105 0.0301 Net Income xIO' R1MB 0.2959 0.2773 0.2403 _ 0.0062 0.0298 0.0186 0.0048 0.0138 Re-employed People 915 857 751 . 13 93 58 15 43 Population Fruit Tree Area Mu 4662.5 3459 1117 66 1051.5 1097 30 97.5 1203.5 817.5 286 Platngr _ __ Planting Investment x10' RbMB 13.8711 10.2906 3.3231 0.1964 3.1282 3.2635 0.0893 0.2901 3.5805 2.4321 1.1484 Output Vatilue xO' 1M 10.4773 7.6815 2.5133 0.1485 2.3659 2.3695 0.0649 21.94 2.7958 1.9620 0.8338 Net Income xlO' 11MB 7.5961 5.7442 1.8877 0.1115 1.7770 1.7552 0.0480 0.1648 1.8520 1.2344 0.6176 Re-employed People 3779 3041 1117 44 701 1097 17 65 738 545 193 Population _~~Pplto __ ___ __ __ ___ ____ __ ________ _____ Township And Investmeat xO11 RMB 5.00 3.00 3.00 . . . 2.00 . 2.00 V i l l a g e - -.__............................. ... V Output Value xlO'R11MB 10.00 8.00 8.00 . . 2.00 2.00 Enterprisca ________ Net Income xlOaRMB 2.00 1.60 1.60 _ _ _ 0.40 0.40 _ Rc-employed People 300 240 240 - - 60 - 60 Population _ _ _ _ ____ P plt n _______ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _ _ ._______ _______ __ _ _ ____ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ ___ __ __ __ ___ Social Development xlO'RMB 0.9988 0.8276 0.4216 0.00S 0.1402 0.2194 0.006 0.0316 0.1712 0.112 0.0592 Development Inveatment (iii) Flora and Fauna The project ZOI is a major agricultural zone of Guangxi province. Substantial wetland reclamation and cultivation has occurred in this area and currently no undisturbed wetlands have been identified within the proposed project area. Due to the generally poor quality of natural vegetative cover in the project area and dominance of cultivated land, it is anticipated that construction of the Guigang anchorage will not affect a large area of natural vegetative cover. The flooding of mud-flats and grass beds, however, will impact many bird species and reptiles which inhabit these areas. A major impact to wildlife resulting from this project will be the disruption of tortoise and soft-shelled turtle habitat. The current existence of reservoirs in the lower and upper sections of the river combined with the proposed new impoundment will create a closed river system which may be unfavorable to the tortoise and soft-shelled turtle. Due to their importance in the region, the following measures will be considered to assure their survival. A mitigation alternative for potential impacts to tortoise and soft-shell turtle habitat is to allow surrounding fields which will be inundated to revert to wetlands. Captured tortoise and soft-shell turtle species could then be relocated to these shallow wetland areas as well as to tributaries which will be enlarged after submergence. Furthermore, these wetland areas would provide valuable habitat for wading and aquatic birds displaced by submergence in the immediate project vicinity. Secondly, a system of spawning plants may be set up to provide tortoise and soft-shelled turtle to the local population in order to decrease pressure on the wild populations once they are relocated. The schedule for project construction should be carefully planned in order to accommodate the tortoise and turtle breeding season and thus assure a population size that will be amenable to relocation. Prior to construction initiation, further surveys to locate endangered animal species in the project area may be necessary. In particular, care should be taken to ensure that no China-autumn ducks, pangolin, masked civet, silver-ring snake, or white crane are nesting at or near the site. If any of these species are located, special mitigation plans will have to be detailed. However, creation of new wetland areas surrounding the site will reduce the impacts on wading and aquatic bird species and possibly make relocation unnecessary. In the case of the silver-ring snake, relocation will be the only option. Changes in the river ecosystem will effect aquatic plants in the reservoir and downstream areas. Fish and hydrophyte species will have to adapt to direct and indirect man-made changes in environmental conditions. Some species will adapt while others will not, experiencing reductions in population. To mitigate losses of commercially valuable fish stock, four spawning facilities will be constructed and hatchery efforts will be focused on commercial species. An alternative is to thoroughly utilize all remaining water bodies for aquaculture, including river bends. Employment opportunities from these mitigation measures will contribute to the 'i"" economic development of migrants. 15 Wherever aquaculture would be developed in the project area, comprehensive water quality monitoring will be conducted. If water quality assessments indicate the presence of contaminants, including heavy metals, mitigation measures will be adopted. Measures will be taken both during and after construction in order to minimize impacts to hydrophyte populations. Dunrng construction, special measures such as the use of sand bags and hay bails to control erosion and reduce sediment flow into the river course will be employed. Oil slick booms and clearnup equipment will be employed to assure that oil and petroleum products from equipment used during construction will not contaminate the river. A major impact of the project on the aquatic environment is that of altering river flow velocity. Although the retention time in the reservoir is short, in order to sustain hydrophyte populations, it is important to limit stagnation in the water body by maintaining proper flow rates in the dry season. Continual monitoring of hydrophyte populations will be carried out upstream and downstream of all the impoundments within the Yujiang river and its major tributaries. (iv) Impact on Cultural and Historical Properties Several of the cultural and historical sites mentioned earlier, including the ancient kiln site, :;he Nan dynasty burial mounds, the Mother Dragon Temple, Fubo Temple and the Haitang bridge, are either well removed from the reservoir or are elevated above the maximum design storage water level and as such will not be impacted by the project. In some eases such as Fubo Temple, the river banks below the site may be de-stabilized due to tie elevated water level. Therefore slope protection and reinforcement measures may be necessary to ensure site stability and shall be performed as needed. Thirteen cultural and historic sites will be affected by inundation. One of them is the ruins of an ancient city from between the Nan and Qing dynasties, while the other twelve are Neolithic age relics. Since the water level will rise and the passing of large vessels will cause bank erosion, bank collapse will be aggravated and may encroach on some of the more important sites. Thierefore protection measures ae --tses excavation and removal of r.iics have been not ssaryv and shall be imiplemented. L 4 . ii; I (v) Coal Handling Terminals Since the Nanniing coal handling terminal is still in the planning stages, the pre-feasibility report and the terminal siting will not be done until the beginning of the second-stage engineering. The coal handlirng terminal in Guigang has already been built and includes conveyer and terminal protection devices including water sprinklers for dust control, and waste water collection and sedimentation facilities. The general environmental impacts ide tified, and mitigation measures adopted by the Guangxi Communications Depart-ment are as follows: 16 a) Principal Environmental Impacts Loading and unloading operations at the coal dock will contribute to atmospheric pollution in the area, particularly during the fall and winter due to dry, windy conditions. Heavy summer precipitation will mix with the exposed coal in the yard, forming contaminated runoff. Mitigation measures to control dust and prevent pollution of the harbor and river course are needed. b) Dust Prevention Sprinklers will be used to control dust generated by loading and unloading of coal at the dock, and in the conveyer belt area. In each of the four coal storage areas, two water pumps will be installed with 15 automatic sprinklers. Spraying will be conducted as often as necessary in the coal yard, and along the harbor roadway. C) Wastewater Treatment A special drainage system will be constructed to handle runoff from the coal yard. Runoff will be drained into a sedimentation pond at a rate of 0.37 m3/s, where it will undergo a 20 minute sedimentation process. Discharged water should be able to meet national discharge standards. Sludge from the pond will be collected and recycled. D.2. Construction Issues (i) Noise Much of the construction equipment and activities including blasting and pile driving at the proposed project site will emit noise above 90 dB. This is above regulated standards in China (65 dB) and will cause hearing damage to construction workers in the event of prolonged exposure. Therefore hearing protection is recommended for construction workers. The noise sources are approximately 900 meters away from the closest residential units and as such will not cause significant impacts. The major noise in the residential units is anticipated to be from the existing highway. Noise levels are anticipated to reach approximately 57 dB during the peak construction times when 60 trucks will pass through the site each hour. The post construction activities are not anticipated to result in noise levels above regulated standards. (ii) Soil Erosion and Dust One major environmental impact of construction is atmospheric degradation due to fugitive dust and increased erosion resulting from removal of surface vegetation. To minimize fugitive dust impacts, excavation and construction areas will be sprayed regularly. The existing road connecting the construction area to the quarry is in poor condition, and will be upgraded and covered with gravel in order to control dust. In general, dust resulting from traffic during project construction are not expected to seriously affect the local population, because the road to the quarry site is situated far away from the nearest village. This road will be managed and monitored by the Highway Bureau. Dirt roads will 17 be sprayed regularly to minimize dust, and traffic control measures will be instituted for safety. The construction unit will be responsible for environmental monitoring. Erosion control may be achieved by minimizing vegetation removal and exposed surfaces until necessary, and by installing silt traps and other erosion prevention measures. After construction is completed, the site and its surrounding areas will be restored as closely as possible to their original state. (iii) Atmospheric Pollution During construction, air quality in the project area will be impacted by construction machinery, emissions from blasting, excavation and earth moving operations. Pollutants include NO,, S CO, CO2 and hydrocarbons, while CO and NO,, are the primary emissions released by blasting activities. The extent of air quality degradation during construction is dependent on the intensity of site activities. It is anticipated that serious air quality degradation will occur on calm days (wind speed below 3 mWs) when site activities are at a peak and an atmospheric inversion occurs. Air pollution can only be controlled by reducing the number of construction vehicles working in one area at a given time. (iv) Surface Water Pollution ' i f l Water quality impacts due to biodegradable materials are anticipated to improve slightly and deteriorate slightly in terms of metals and COD. Downstream water flow will remain relatively stable with the exception of certain periods of the dry season, when water will be retained in the reservoir for electricity generating purposes, resulting in downstream water quality degradation. Water quality will deteriorate downstream of the project due to the increased concentration of industrial effluent from the Liyujiang river, which discharges into the Yujiang river in Guigang. Moreover, the significant increase in river traffic will increase the scale of oil contamination in the project area, necessitating prevention and remediation measures. Contributions of different types of wastewater should be analyzed before determining priority prevention measures. It is necessary to carry out a comprehensive water pollution control program for the area, for which the Guigang EPB will take a leading role. o Greater attention will also be paid to the control of contaminants from sugar and paper manufacturing, as well as to waste water collection and treatment both upstream and downstream of the reservoir area. Although the direct impact of project activities on water quality is limited, Guangxi Communications Department has agreed to assist in the program. A detailed water pollution control program will be carried out at a later time. To control barge waste oil discharges, all motorized ships will be equipped with oil-water separators to ensure that oil content in the discharged bilge water does not exceed 15 mg/I. Where installation of such devices is not feasible, then a waste oil container will be kept on hand. The navigation administration and navigation monitoring departments 18 will equip special ships to collect waste oil at regular intervals or by patrolling the river. In the inland river area, an oil transport registration system has been implemented for 150 ton oil tankers and for common ships exceeding 400 tons. At present, however, waterway facilities in the project region do not have the capacity to dispose of ,, waste oil and other shipping wastes. In order to remedy these deficiencies, investments need - to be made in waste disposal equipment. The potential for accidental spills will rise as a result of the significant increase in river traffic. Spill prevention strategy centers on enforcing shipping and lock management. To prevent accidental spills of materials, a safety check will be enforced on all river vessels by navigation administration agencies at downstream and upstream handling terminals and shipping sluice gates. A special check will be performed for vessels which are carrying ecologically sensitive materials such as oil and coal. An accident mitigation plan will be formulated at a later time with input and advice from the Bank. The GMPN project will create a free-flowing reservoir, whose hydraulic ih t retention time is very short. Therefore, no temperature gradations will occur at different, water depths, eutrophication is not anticipated and sedimentation will not vary significantly)7 from present conditions. (v) Economic Impacts of Construction Construction of the dam is anticipated to last approximately five years. During the peak period of construction in the second year, an estimated 3300 workers will be employed on site. It is anticipated that infrastructure for the workers may encroach on adjacent economic activities such as agricultural production and cause some degree of interruption. River traffic will be at least temporarily disrupted, and local roads will become congested as large amounts of materials are transported back and forth in the construction process. However, local residents will benefit economically from the opportunity to sell construction materials, food and other goods to the workers. (vi) Public Health Project construction will potentially exacerbate existing public health problems in the region, particularly the incidence of water-borne diseases such as dysentery and viral hepatitis as well as vector borne diseases such as malaria. The high concentration of people in the reservoir area and resulting increase in the volume of sewage will potentially promote disease transmission. Based on the experience of other hydro-electric power stations, it can be anticipated that the incidence of epidemic diseases will increase, necessitating effective countermeasures. In particular, the threat of epidemic diseases brought in by the floating population in the area will need to be dealt with. Diseases transmitted by rats are likely to increase as they are driven from their original habitats by rising water levels. In order to protect public health during construction, strict hygienic requirements will be placed on the living quarters of workers in the construction area, particularly the controlled disposal of solid waste (i.e. landfilling) and domestic sewage. Efforts will be made to avoid potential breeding grounds for rats, mosquitoes and flies, and 19 a disease prevention unit will be put in place to detect the spread of epidemic diseases. Drinking water supplies will be placed a sufficient distance away from solid waste disposal areas and septic tanks. In order to safeguard water quality in the reservoir after construction, the bottom of the reservoir will be cleaned six months prior to water storage. (vii) Dredging and Widening of the Channel The dredging component of this project is minimal. The purpose of dredging in the GMPN project is to eliminate shoals and widen the shipping channel in order to increase navigation capacity and safety. According to Class III navigation standards, channel width should no less than 50 meters. Shoals and submerged rocks should be dealt with based on this standard. The dredging will be limited in time and location and as such will have a minimal environmental impact. The navigation department will conduct annual dredging work on the channel. Dredged sludge will be tested for hazardous substances such as Hg and Cr. Where tests indicate the presence of hazardous substances, the sludge will be disposed of in approved, secure landfills. Because the river course is generally 300-500 meters wide, dre&'ing will not affect bank stability. T Underwater blasting will cause significant noise and vibration, killing fish and other aquatic organisms. Impacts on the local populace will be minimal, since the nearest villages are located at a distance from potential blasting sites. Dredging will cause disruption of benthos in the shallow water areas, and impact tortoise and soft-shelled turtle species. The latter inhabit and nest in the mud-flats and shallows of the main channel of the Yujiang river as well as its larger tributaries. , Disappearance of these shallow areas will disrupt the nesting grounds and burrows of thes t 2 v species. However, these impacts are limited to certain areas of the main river channel. The duration and impact of turbidity during dredging is minimal. There are currently no regulations controlling short term impacts of turbidity and sediment loading in a waterway, although construction projects are required to control and minimize it. The major impact of sediment loading in the GMPN project is on the water inlet of Guigang city and the water department will be responsible for monitoring and protecting water quality. E. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES The Guangxi Communications Department has investigated various methods for ensuring unimpeded river traffic in this segment of the Yujiang river. Dredging and blasting of shallow rocky areas has been investigated, yet neither will provide unrestricted access during the dry season. As such, the project feasibility report identified the GMPN project as the only means to insure access to 1000 ton barges by raising the water level permanently to high flow season levels. The additional benefits accrued from electrical power generation and improved irrigation also adds to the economic feasibility of the project with relatively minimal impacts to the reservoir area. 20 F. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND TRAINING PROGRAM F.1. Institutional Arrangements The reservoir area traverses Hengxian County and Guigang City and passes through a total of twelve villages and towns within the river valley. The major administrative authorities within the reservoir are the Office of the Mayor of Guigang City and the Director of Hengxian County. The population and resource management authority pertaining to the proposed project is within these local offices. The reservoir and lock construction and management however occurs at the provincial level by the Xijiang River Second Stage Project Headquarters (XRSSPH) which is under the Guangxi Communications Department (Figure 4). F.2 Environmental Monitoring In order to evaluate environmental impacts during and after the reservoir construction, a monitoring plan has been formulated which meets regulatory requirements, and includes parameters, locations and frequency of monitoring. Short and long term environmental monitoring shall be performed to evaluate project impacts and trends so that both retroactive and pro-active measures may be taken. The scope for monitoring includes air, noise and water quality, ecology, bank failure and inundation. The monitored data will be used to upgrade the project Environmental Action Plan (EAP) and formulate effective mitigation measures. AIR QUALITY MONITORING PLAN Monitoring Place Item Frequency Sampling Responsible Agencies Hours 5 monitoring stations: one at the SO2 Once a month for 8:00 Yulin Environmental base of the dam, two in the NOI two successive 14:00 Monitoring Station residential area, one in the cement CO days 20:00 mixing area and one near the Dust 2:00 construction materials factory ECOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN Monitoring Place Item Frequency Responsible Agency Hengzhou, Guigang dam, Wusijiang phytoplankton Once per quarter Guigang EPB, river (3km from its confluence with zooplankton Hengxian EPB the Yujiang river) benthon __________ __________ _______ _ aquatic plants 21 WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN Monitoring Place Item Frequency Sampling Hours Responsible (Each location with 3 Agencies sampling points and sampling at 3 depths) Construction Stage pH, SS, COD, BOD, Cr6+, Once per quarter Yulin Monitoring Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg, As Station 200 meters downstream water temperature, fluoride, 10:00 of construction site transparency, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, 500 meters upstream of chromaticity, ammonia 16:00 Guigang water intake nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus, phenol, total bacteria, E. coli Operation Stage pH, SS, COD, BOD, Cr', Once per quarter Yulin Monitoring Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg, As Station 200 meters downstream water temperature, fluoride, from Hengxian Sugar transparency, total hardness, 10:00 Operation Unit Factory wastewater dissolved oxygen, turbidity, discharge outlet chromaticity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, 16:00 Immediately upstream of nitrite nitrogen, total dam phosphorus, phenol, total bacteria, E. coli stVA 4 t;4¢'f NOISE MONITORING PLAN Monitoring Place Item Frequency Sampling Responsible Agency Hours Construction Stage Machinery noise Three times 8:00 Yulin Environmental per month, 16:00 Monitoring Station Three stations: at the edge Construction vehicle noise and on ad 24:00 of the construction site, by hoc basis as the road side, and outside needed the residential area BANK FAILURE AND INUNDATION MONITORING PLAN Monitoring Place Item Frequency Responsible Agency Bank failure: areas where Water levels (including As needed Guangxi Electrical Industry bank coUapse may occur groundwater levels and Design Institute which have not been rock variation) reinforced during Guangxi Communications construction Planning Design Institute Inundation: potentially inundated areas (including residential areas and agricultural land) 22 Figure 4 Implementation organs of Xijiang River second stage project and working relations Bank1 Communications Department of Guangxi (entrustment) Personneltrainmanagement management p a other business related I (etrusmen)Lersoneltraiingofplansipre-stage affairs o n to foreign funds Designing Unit Guangxi Water __ I_f__ ! . Transportation , Xijiang River second stage project headquarters international (entrustment) Consulting Company | (entrustment) bidding company o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0L 0 -B l o0 =r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 ||Yulin Monitorngll Station p- - _ 1 L and Guigang EPB _ construction units, equipment manufacturing plants and material supplier- construction u "ts, equipment manufacturing plants and material supplier's _-irtXuu An environmental management and monitoring station will be established in the project area during the construction phase under joint supervision of the project proponents and Guigang EPB. Following construction completion, the environmental management and monitoring of the project will be undertaken in support of the waterway management unit. It is anticipated that two technical personnel will be required to oversee the GMPN project environmental activities. Monitoring reports and mitigation recommendations will be issued on a quarterly basis, within 45 days following completion of quarterly field monitoring activities. Atmospheric, noise and water quality monitoring shall be performed by the Yulin Environmental Monitoring Station during construction. Meteorological observation shall be conducted by the construction unit during construction and by the GMPN project management authority during the operation phase. Bank failure and inundation observation shall be conducted by survey and design institutes. Copies of all data and other relevant information will be submitted to the project environmental office for compilation, analysis and report preparation. F.3. Environmental Capacity Building and Training Construction phase and post-construction operations environmental impacts shall be monitored by a team of two full-time environmental managers. The training program will be designed to improve the capability of personnel to conduct environmental monitoring, evaluate impacts and implement mitigation measures. The environmental management personnel need training in the environmental aspects of the project and how to perform monitoring and environmental assessments. Local training capabilities in environmental monitoring and assessment are limited. Therefore training needs to be in the form of coursework, study tours and on-site practice with a qualified national or international specialist. Training will increase capabilities in: air, water and biological sampling, monitoring and supervision; preparation of periodic environmental reports; and assisting regulatory agencies with enforcing environmental regulations and standards. The training will also include identification of environmental impacts and implementation of mitigation measures for items such as: sedimentation due to dredging and blasting of the channel, reductions in vegetative cover, conditions of aquatic species, oil spills, etc. The program will be implemented in two stages: Phase I - at the beginning of construction (3 months) g e '> Phase II - at the beginning of operation (9 months) XA- r,AD The total budget for the training program is US$ 80,000-O00,000. International funding will cover costs for tuition, living allowances, travel expenses and administration. 24 G. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN BUDGET A total of 109.19 million RMB will be provided for the EAP, including protection engineering expenses of 58.01 million RMB, reconstruction of specialized facilities totaling 7.6 million RMB, resettlement and economic development expenses of 38.8 million RMB, reservoir bottom cleaning expenses of 0.26 million RMB, hydrological station construction expenses of 0.05 million RMB, and environmental compensation expenses of 4.4 million RMB. A detailed cost estimation is given in Table 3. Environmental equipment expenditures are listed in Table 4. TABLE 3 ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN BUDGET Item Cost (Thousands Guigang Hengxian of Yuan) City County I. Engineering Measures 58095 1) 46 Engineering Facilities 36513 33926 2587 2) Flood Gates 2480 1320 1160 3) Inundation and Bank Collapse 16600 Prevention 4) Design 2502 II. Reconstruction of Specialized 7633 Facilities 1) Transportation 5912 3304 2608 2) 10KV Electricity 10 5 5 Transmission Line Reconstruction 3) Rebuilding Tele- 0.6 0.6 communication lines 4) Excavation of Historical 1147 Relics 5) Design 267 . 6) Contingency 296 III. Resettlement 38791 27184 11606 1) Land Requisition and 25594 18514 7080 Resettlement Compensation 2) Home Reconstruction 16 13 3 Compensation 25 3) Water Conservancy Facility 4628 2322 2306 Compensation 4) Administration 605 417 188 5) Survey and Design 605 417 188 6) Preparation 1512 1042 470 7) Land Upgrading 5831 4459 1372 IV. Reservoir Bottom Cleaning 261 1) Cleaning Engineering 250 2) Design 11 V. Hydrological Station 50 Construction VI. Environmental 4359 Compensation Fund _ 1) Spawning Ground 1000 Reconstruction 2) Bank Protection Reforestation 750 3) Epidemic Prevention 158 4) Noise, Emissions and 300 Garbage Control 5) Wastewater Treatment 200 Facilities 6) Monitoring Instruments 327 7) Construction Monitoring 250 8) Environmental Monitoring 333 9) Afforestation 100 10) Environmental Training' 870 10) Other 71 _ Total 109189 The equivalent of US$100,000 is allocated only for training 26 TABLE 4 ENVIRONMENITAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT AND COSTS Equipment Number Price (thousands Cost (thousands I I. __________________________________ _________ of Yuan) of Yuan) Atomic absorption 1 75 75 spectrophotometer Gas chromatography 1 29 29 721 spectrophotometer 1 15 15 Microscope 1 8 8 Automatic water quality sampler 2 8 16 Dust sampler 1 15 15 I Sonar meter 2 8 16 SO, analyzer 1 14 14 NO, analyzer { 1 14 14 Air sampler 2 9 18 Automatic aerovane 2 8 16 Thermometer 4 8 32 Medical glass matter 15 Other 29 | Installation 15 Total 327 J L. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND COMPENSATION When the GMPN project inundation area was estimated, the GCD transferred the information to the Hengxian and Guigang local authorities. Teams drawn from the local population were then organized to delineate impacted properties and determine the affected population size. Once information was compiled, the leaders at the city and county level with assistance from GCD established working groups to discuss the impact that the project would have on the local population and to determine a compensation system for those displaced from their land. Implementation and monitoning responsibility rests with local governments. 'rhe compensation scheme was formulated in accordance with these regulations and addresses 'both individual and community requirements. The compensation scheme is two-fold: 60 percent of funds distributed would be provided directly to individual farmers to ensure their 27 livelihood for up to one year until new land is assigned; the other 40 percent would go to local governments to address infrastructure needs including establishment of township and village enterprises, and the social costs of re-employment. Village leaders were consulted to determine the compensation to be awarded to each farmer, based on the quantity and quality of land as well as annual income. The level was established at approximately 10,000 yuan per mu. In September 1993, a committee was formed under GCD which with input from local authorities will hold public meetings in impacted areas within the next two years to announce the compensation scheme and sign contracts with farmers willing to relinquish their lands. Based on initial surveys the participants can be categorized into three groups: a. Those willing to relinquish their land and accept financial compensation and a new plot of land. b. Those wishing to receive higher compensation to leave farming and either begin their own enterprise or be retrained. c. Those unwilling to leave their land and requiring protection measures to be taken. It appears that the majority of affected farmers fall into these categories and can be accommodated by the government. The one requirement voiced by all concerned however is that relocation to another area is not acceptable. The compensation scheme for different types of land is as follows: 1. Rice paddy fields (including sugarcane) = six times the annual product value per mu. 2. Dry land = four times the annual product value per mu. 3. Sugarcane land = four times the annual product value per mu. 4. Fish ponds = five times the annual product value per mu. 5. Grassland = two times the annual product value per mu for Guigang city and Hengxian. 6. Forest land = seven times the annual product value per mu. Economic reallocation compensation fees are calculated as follows: resettlement factor x average cultivated land per person x 1.1, for which the resettlement factor = 3 per person, and 1.1 = the rate of population increase. A reservoir inundation compensation budget for the GMPN project is presented in Table 5. Table 6 contains an annual compensation schedule for reservoir inundation management. 28 TABLE 5 RESERVOIR INUNDATION COMPENSATION BUDGET FOR THE GMPN PROJECT Item Amount (thousands of Notes yuan) I. Economic Reallocation 40720 1) Land Acquisition 32054 2) Residence Reconstruction 24 3) Water Conservancy and 5921 Hydro-electric Equipment 4) Design, Administration 2721 and Contingency Costs II. Rebuilding of Special 8790 Items III. Excavation of Relics 1319 VI. Protection Works 55594 V. Reservoir Bottom 270 Cleaning VI. Survey and Design 2909 4.5% sum of II, IV, V VII. Contingency Cost 440 5% of III Total Investment 1100042 TABLE 6 ANNUAL COMPENSATION SCHEDULE FOR RESERVOIR INUNDATION MANAGEMENT Year Amount (thousands Percentage Usage of Funds of yuan) of Total 1 4050 3.7 production development, project design and setting up economic rnitigation organs 2 32253 29.3 production development, protection engineering, excavation of cultural relics, rebuilding of special facilities 3 27830 25.3 production development, protection engineering, excavation of cultural relics, rebuilding of special facilities 4 20303 18.5 production development, protection engineering, excavation of cultural relics, rebuilding of special facilities 5 14118 12.8 production development, protection engineering, rebuilding of special facilities, cleaning of reservoir bottom 6 11598 10.4 production development, rebuilding of special facilities Total 110042 100 29 The total estimated compensation for the reservoir region is reportedly 110,041,700 yuan. This amount is deemed the minimum necessary to restore and develop the economic productivity of the impacted areas. Compensation measures are based on the following laws and regulations: Land Regulations of P.R.C.; Land Regulations of Guangxi Autonomous Region; Design Standards for the Management of Reservoir Inundation in Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Projects of Guangxi Autonomous Region; and Decree No. 74 of the National People's Congress on Compensation for Land Acquisition and Resettlement in the Construction of Large and Medium-Size Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Projects. According to national regulations governing construction projects, local governments, in this case the Guigang municipal government and Hengxian county government, are responsible for overseeing land acquisition, mitigation measures for the affected population, and inundation management. Land acquisition and agricultural development measures will be carried out by a special committee organized by the Land Administration Bureaus of the local governments, together with village officers and village representatives. Mitigation measures for the local population will be carried out by the Land Administration Bureau and the Civil Administration Bureau of the local governments. Highway and water conservancy works will be administered by the Communications Department and the Hydroelectric Bureau of the local governments. In addition, the Guangxi Communications Department will dispatch engineers to supervise project implementation. J. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The likely negative impacts of the GMPN project are considered acceptable and are offset by its positive economic and social ramifications. By improving the navigability of the Xijiang river system, which is a vital route for the transportation of raw materials and manufactured goods, the project will spur economic development in Guangxi and adjacent provinces. Additional benefits include hydropower generation and increased availability of irrigation water. The principle impacts on the environment include disruption of areas adjacent to the project site, soil erosion, temporary water quality decline, and air quality degradation resulting from the construction process. Impacts to terrestrial and aquatic resources appears to be minimal since the proposed project will be located on a highly regulated waterway and will not create significantly new conditions. Potential impacts may occur due to the large labor population which the project will attract. Health and sanitation impacts will have to be managed by placing strict hygienic requirements on workers' living quarters, controlling solid waste disposal and disposing of sewage in septic tanks. Thirteen cultural and historic sites will be affected by inundation, necessitating protection measures and excavation in some cases. The overall project impacts are minimized due to relatively good planning and implementation strategies on the part of the project proponents. Despite inundation caused by increased water levels in the reservoir, engineering measures preclude the need for 30 physical resettlement of the affected population. For those whose lands are inundated, compensation will be provided and a comprehensive program to upgrade marginal fields, reclaim wastelands, and expand aquaculture will be implemented. 31 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP/EMP FOR THE GUIGANG MULTIPURPOSE NAVIGATION PROJECT Environmental Issue Action Taken/To be taken Responsible Entity Remarks A. Construction Phase 1. Air pollution Road surfaces, excavation areas and construction areas will be sprayed Construction unit and kept moist for dust control. The numnber of construction vehicles working in one area at a given Construction unit time will be restricted. 2. Noise l]nnecessary noise from blasting, pile driving and other construction Construction unit activities will be controlled and minimized. t19-A, r0o-k"h- a2L(& 3. Surface water pollution The reservoir bottom will be cleaned before water storage begins, Construction unit including removal of vegetation, construction debris and other wastes. ,' of S1a4-' g,ffisX~12 ,,,>, w rv vof !Z'? 5t bS,7 4. Soil erosion eroslon control will be achieved by~ rmntzng vegetation removal and X Construction unit exposed surfaces until required by construction, and by installing silt traps and other erosion prevention measures. 5. Ecology The project construction schedule will be planned in order to Guigang EPB, Hengxian EPB accomodate the tortoise and turtle breeding season and thus assure a Construction unit population size that will be amenable to relocation. Further surveys will be undertaken where necessary to locate d Guigang EPB Hengxian EPB endangered animal species in the project area. - sliuV a i 6. inundation During the primary stages of the project, engineering measures will be Construction unit taken to minimize losses of land and other economic assets due to inundation, including reinforcement of existing dikes, construction of additional ones in key areas and building of drainage stations. Environmental Issue Action Taken/To be Taken Responsible Entity Remarks 7. Public health In order to prevent the outbreak of epidemics, strict hygienic Construction unit requirements will be placed on the construction area and workers' Guigang Health Department living quarters, particularly through the controlled disposal of solid waste (i.e. landfilling) and the use of septic tanks to dispose of domestic sewage. Efforts will be made to avoid potential breeding grounds for rats, Construction unit mosquitoes and flies, and a disease prevention unit will be set up to Guigang Health Department detect the spread of epidemic diseases. Drinking water supplies will be placed at a sufficient distance away Water Supply Company from solid waste disposal areas and septic tanks. Guigang Health Department 8. Cultural and historic sites Slope protection and reinforcement measures will be undertaken where Construction unit necessary to ensure the stability of cultural and historic sites. Guangxi Province Cultural Relics 1 ES f4/1uvv / 'd L& cr,0( e Department rExcavation and removal or iIybe-e in-some eased( such Construction unit as the Neolithic age relics located near the dam, as well as the Guangxi Province Cultural Relics Shangjiangkou and Jiaoyiechong relics. Department 9. Relocation management and economic A dike built to protect the ten houses in danger of inundation will Guigang and Hengxian counties development preclude the need for physical resettlement of communities. Farmers who lose their lands due to construction will be compensated. Guigang and Hengxian counties B. Post-Construction Phase 1. Surface water pollution Comprehensive control of discharges from existing contamination Guigang EPB sources will be implemented by the local EPB. Greater attention will be paid to the control of contaminants from sugar Guigang EPB, Hengxian EPB and paper manufacturing, as well as waste water collection and treatment both upstream and downstream of the reservoir area. 'A -OZ- -V714 i ,A , hi4 o p't.iLa4' /v~oacAs ef bs;*s/v¢ Environmental Issue Action Taken/To Be Taken Responsible Entity Remaarks To control barge waste oil discharges, all motorized ships will be Navigation administration and equipped with oil-water separators to ensure that oil content in the navigation monitoring departments discharged bilge water does not exceed 15 mg/I. Where installation of such devices is not feasible, a waste oil container will be kept on hand. Special ships will be equipped to collect waste oil at regular intervals or by patro11lipg the *ver.~ ( ' ~~t,af viA ,Xv 7/B oe4 +ara?/ZR24tfX 4' rr"t"' "w-,'/ A-'1 e4,~ WVrtrx ,- - Y 2. Soil erosion The construction site and surrounding areas wilI be restored as closely Construction unit as possible to their original state. 3. Ecology Surrounding fields subject to inundation can be allowed to revert to Guigang EPB, Hengxian EPB wetlands in order to mitigate potential impacts to tortoise and soft-shell turtle populations. Captured tortoise and soft-shell turtle species could then be relocated to these shallow wetland areas as well as to tributaries which will be enlarged after submergence. These wetlands areas will also provide valuable habitat for wading and Guigang EPB, Hengxian EPB aquatic birds displaced by submergence in the immediate project vicinity. A system of spawning grounds will be set up to provide tortoises and Guigang EPB, Hengxian EPB soft-shell turtles to the local population in order to decrease pressure on the wild populations once they are relocated. In order to maintain hydrophyte populations, stagnation in the water Guigang EPB, Hengxian EPB body will be prevented by sustaining proper flow rates in the dry season. To mitigate losses of economically valuable fish stock, hatchery efforts Guigang EPB, Hengxian EPB will be focused on commercial species. 'nvi roeniFsta Action Taken/To B3e Tae Ribes il Ren i;ais 4. Cultural and historic Slope protection and reinforcement will be undertaken where necessary Operation unit sites to ensure the stability of cultural and historic sites. Guangxi Province Cultural Relics Deparlment I S. Relocation management The fullest possible use will be made of local natural resources in order Guigang and Hengxian counties and economic to offset losses of land caused by inundation, including upgrading development marginal lands, reclaiming wastelands, planting orchards, expanding aquaculture in the reservoir, and giving agro-technical training to the local population to help them improve the productivity of their lands. Farmers who lose their lands due to inundation will be compensated. Guigang and Hengxian counties 6. Bank collapse Surface p