Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Households World Bank Group
Ethiopia High Frequency Phone Monitoring Household Survey
Note: Round 1 to Round 9 Tables are based on completed interviews in each Round, using cross-section weights
List of Tables
Know1: Knowledge of Actions to reduce exposure
Know2: Knowledge of Actions taken by the Government
Beh 1: Wearing masks and handwashing
Beh 2: Worry of failing ill
Testing: Responses to Covid-19 testing
Vaccine: Willigness to get vaccinated
Access1: Household's Ability to Buy Certain Items
Access2: Reasons for Household Inability to Buy Certain Items
Access3: Household Inability to Buy Certain Items
Access 4: Household Inability to Buy Certain Items by Consumption Quintile
Edu1: Education - Learning Activity Before and After the Outbreak
Edu2R3: Learning Activities since the Outbreak
Edu3: Learning Activities by Consumption quintiles
Edu4: Education during the new school year
Health: Access to Health Care Services During the Outbreak
Inc1: Household Income Sources
Inc2: Income Source by Change Status
Inc3: Changes in Household Income since the Outbreak
Inc4: Income Change by Consumption Quintile
Cop1: Coping Strategies- Short List
Cop2: Coping Strategies by Consumption Quintile
Aid1: Assistance by Type- Conditional and Unconditional
Aid2: Assistance by Source - Conditional and Unconditional
E1: Multiple Employment Related Tables: Current and Previous Status
E2: Sectors in Previous and Current Employment
E3: Employment Type in Previous and Current Employment
E4: Multiple Tables - Sectors in Previous Employment and Sectors for COVID Related Job Loss
E5: Work Continuity After the Outbreak and Payment Status
E6: Household Owned Businesses Before the Outbreak
E7: Businesses sectors Before the Outbreak
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Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Households World Bank Group
E8: Changes in Household Businesses After the Outbreak
E9: Reasons for Reduction in Businesses Income After the Outbreak
E10: Household Member Worked on Family Farm
E11: Non-Respondent Household Member Employment Status
E12: Respondent lost the job in the last 4 weeks
Ag1: Farm owning households
Livestock: livestock owning households
Locust: Locust invasion experience
WASH: Households have enough water and soap
Credit during COVID-19
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Table Kn1. Knowledge of Actions to Reduce Exposure, Percent
Round-1
Rural Urban National
Wash hands 99.3 99.9 99.5
Use gloves 60.8 77.0 66.2
Avoid travel 83.3 93.1 86.6
Stay home 86.1 94.5 88.9
Avoid gatherings 85.6 94.6 88.6
Self-distance 92.7 98.2 94.6
Avoid touching face 85.3 97.3 89.3
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Table Kn2. Knowledge of Actions taken by the Government to Reduce Contracting COVID-19, Percent
Round-1
Rural Urban National
Knowledge of any government action 91.9 96.0 93.2
Advised citizens 40.1 45.0 41.7
Restricted travel: domestic 22.3 18.7 21.1
Restricted travel: international 6.1 5.0 5.7
Closed schools, universities 31.1 29.7 30.7
Advised to close everything and stay home 17.7 7.8 14.4
Closed non-essential business 7.7 15.3 10.2
Built more hospitals, facilities 1.3 4.0 2.2
Provided food assistance to the needy 9.8 13.0 10.9
Opened clinics and testing locations 1.4 4.0 2.3
Limited social gatherings 77.6 82.7 79.3
Disseminated knowledge 16.1 40.8 24.3
Setup handwashing kiosks 17.9 43.9 26.6
Note: Actions are based on the respondents' recall.
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Table Beh1a. Changes in Behavior to Reduce Exposure, Percent
Round-1 Round-6
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Wash hands more frequently 98.1 99.1 98.4 87.0 87.6 87.2
Avoid handshaking and physical greetings 95.8 96.6 96.1 71.2 76.1 72.8
Avoid gatherings 81.3 87.1 83.2 44.8 39.7 43.1
Table Beh1 b. Frequency of handwashing, Percent
Round-3 Round-6
All the time Most of the time About half of the time Some of the time None of the time All the time Most of the time About half of the time Some of the time None of the time
Rural 69.2 18.1 5.7 5.6 1.4 46.3 29.5 11.2 12.0 1.0
Urban 83.1 10.7 2.4 3.7 0.2 64.9 16.6 7.0 10.1 1.4
National 73.8 15.7 4.6 5.0 1.0 52.4 25.2 9.8 11.4 1.2
Table Beh1 c. Frequency of facemask wearing, Percent
Round-3 Round-6
All the time Most of the time About half of the time Some of the time None of the time All the time Most of the time About half of the time Some of the time None of the time
Rural 31.5 13.2 5.7 10.4 39.2 38.5 23.3 9.9 14.5 13.8
Urban 60.8 10.6 5.7 8.1 14.8 57.5 14.5 5.7 13.9 8.3
National 41.1 12.3 5.7 9.6 31.2 44.8 20.4 8.5 14.3 12.0
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Table Beh2 a. Respondent is worried of faily or self fall ill with Coronavirus, Percent
Round-3 Round-6
Very worried Somewhat worried Not too worried Not worried at all Very worried Somewhat worried Not too worried Not worried at all
Rural 54.5 14.0 12.9 18.7 35.0 20.3 11.0 33.7
Urban 56.6 18.7 8.2 16.5 38.2 20.7 13.1 28.0
National 55.2 15.5 11.3 17.9 36.0 20.4 11.7 31.8
Table Beh1 b. Respondent perceives Coronavirus a financial threat, Percent
Round-3 Round-6
A substantial threat A moderate threat Not much of a thread Not a threat at all A substantial threat A moderate threat Not much of a thread Not a threat at all
Rural 53.5 25.1 7.0 14.4 40.4 26.5 13.8 19.3
Urban 72.4 12.2 5.2 10.2 51.8 20.4 9.0 18.8
National 59.7 20.9 6.4 13.0 44.2 24.5 12.2 19.1
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Table Testing. Responses to COVID-Testing if offered, Percent
Round-6
Will get tested Maybe will get tested Don't know Maybe will not get tested Will not get tested
Rural 82.7 15.5 0.2 1.4 0.2
Urban 91.8 4.9 0.6 2.2 0.5
National 85.7 12.0 0.4 1.6 0.3
Table Testing. Responses to COVID-Testing if offered by income group, Percent
Round-6
Will get tested Maybe will get tested Don't know Maybe will not get tested Will not get tested
Bottom 40% 82.2 16.2 0.4 1.1
Top 60% 87.9 9.3 0.3 2.0 0.5
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Table Vac_a. Willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19, Percent
Round-6
Rural Urban National
Yes 99.1 95.4 97.9
Table Vac_b. Willigness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 by income group, Percent
Round-6
Bottom 40% Top 60%
Yes 99.2 97.1
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Table Acc1. Households Ability to Buy Certain Items, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Medicine 63.7 81.0 70.8 70.1 83.7 75.0 81.5 90.1 84.7 91.9 94.0 92.7 89.3 93.3 90.6 95.3 95.1 95.2 94.3 93.8 94.1
Teff 60.2 78.8 67.6 52.5 78.8 63.6 46.9 76.4 61.2 52.8 78.7 64.7 50.4 80.8 64.5 53.3 79.0 66.7 56.6 77.9 66.9
Wheat 76.3 88.8 81.5 59.9 86.5 72.2 70.3 86.4 78.0 58.2 85.0 71.0 65.0 88.3 75.9 70.0 87.4 78.2 66.0 85.9 75.2
Maize 86.9 82.7 85.7 81.3 86.6 82.9 79.4 84.1 80.7 76.3 82.7 78.2 70.9 86.3 75.9 77.0 83.6 79.0 72.4 85.9 76.8
Edible Oil 74.4 84.4 77.3 72.9 87.0 77.3 68.9 83.2 73.4 72.3 85.0 76.4 72.4 86.2 76.7 73.5 83.9 76.6 69.6 88.2 75.3
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Acc2. Reasons for Household Inability to Buy Certain Items, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7
Limited/n
o
Shops Local Limited/no Shops Limited/no Shops Local Limited/no Shops Local Limited/no Shops Local Limited/no Limited/no Shops Local transporta
Decrease Local Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease Shops have Decrease Decrease
have markets transportation Increase have transportation Increase have markets transportation Increase have markets transportation Increase have markets transportation Increase Local markets transportation Increase have markets tion Increase
in regular Other markets in regular Other in regular Other in regular Other in regular Other run out of in regular Other in regular Other
run out of not & restriction to go in price run out of & restriction to go in price run out of not & restriction to go in price run out of not & restriction to go in price run out of not & restriction to go in price not operating & restriction to in price run out of not & in price
income not operating income income income income stocks income income
stocks operating outside stocks outside stocks operating outside stocks operating outside stocks operating outside go outside stocks operating restriction
to go
outside
Medicines 5.5 2.0 7.0 14.4 71.1 3.3 1.6 2.9 92.2 5.9 14.3 5.9 73.9 8.5 1.9 5.5 84.2 4.3 2.9 13.2 79.6 5.3 18.9 0.4 75.4 10.5 2.7 86.8
Teff 1.5 5.7 1.3 30.3 59.4 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.5 28.1 66.6 1.0 0.2 0.9 1.7 20.4 76.9 0.8 0.7 22.7 75.8 0.1 0.0 0.2 12.7 87.0 0.0 1.0 3.3 0.2 6.1 89.4 11.8 88.2
Wheat 3.2 8.4 3.9 43.0 39.3 2.2 1.6 1.2 21.5 75.6 0.1 0.5 1.8 14.2 83.5 6.7 0.7 0.4 12.8 79.3 1.1 0.0 7.2 91.7 3.3 3.7 3.3 89.7 0.1 3.4 6.4 90.1
Maize 2.6 10.5 2.9 44.5 39.5 4.1 3.8 27.6 64.5 1.5 3.6 4.6 9.9 80.5 3.6 1.1 16.2 79.1 0.0 0.0 8.8 91.2 1.0 5.1 6.0 87.9 2.0 4.5 6.0 87.6
Oil 6.6 11.2 4.0 45.9 29.7 2.6 6.9 1.6 2.4 35.4 52.9 0.8 7.2 1.9 0.5 24.0 66.4 6.8 1.5 20.9 70.8 11.1 2.0 1.0 16.5 69.5 0.0 11.1 2.1 6.1 80.7 8.0 1.9 7.2 83.0
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Table Acc3. Households Inability to Buy Certain Items, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Shops have run out of stock 5.9 10.9 7.1 7.0 4.8 6.5 6.8 3.8 6.1 6.9 5.3 6.5 8.7 4.6 7.9 10.1 7.7 9.6 6.9 5.7 6.6
Local markets not operating 9.9 3.5 8.4 2.0 1.5 1.9 2.6 1.1 2.3 0.0 1.4 0.3 1.1 2.1 1.3 3.3 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Limited/no transportation & restriction to go outside 4.8 2.9 4.3 2.1 0.3 1.7 3.0 0.0 2.3 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.7 0.7 1.5
Increase in price 41.8 42.2 41.9 33.3 37.1 34.2 22.1 27.2 23.3 22.6 26.8 23.6 16.1 16.5 16.2 7.4 9.6 7.9 8.3 15.5 9.9
Decrease in regular income 34.5 39.0 35.6 55.0 56.0 55.2 65.2 67.0 65.6 69.5 65.7 68.6 72.9 76.8 73.6 79.0 82.8 79.9 82.9 75.3 81.3
Other 2.1 1.3 1.9 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
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Table Acc4. Reason for Household Inability to Buy Certain Items, by Bottom 40%, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7
Bottom 40% Top 60% Bottom 40% Top 60% Bottom 40% Top 60% Bottom 40% Top 60% Bottom 40% Top 60% Bottom 40% Top 60% Bottom 40% Top 60%
Shops have run out of stocks 5.8 8.6 8.0 5.2 9.5 3.4 9.1 4.3 11.7 4.8 15.6 4.9 7.2 6.1
Local markets not operating 10.0 6.6 2.1 1.8 2.6 2.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 1.6 3.7 1.7 0.0 0.0
Limited/no transportation & restriction to go outside 2.0 6.9 2.4 1.2 0.3 3.9 0.2 1.6 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.2 2.9 0.3
Increase in price 47.0 36.2 29.4 38.1 23.6 23.0 24.3 23.0 10.8 20.5 4.3 10.7 11.2 8.8
Decrease in regular income 30.4 41.3 57.0 53.7 63.8 67.1 66.3 70.5 76.6 71.3 76.5 82.4 77.5 84.5
Other 3.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
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Table Edu1a. Children Schooling Status Before the Outbreak, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Households with school aged children 81.8 64.3 76.0 81.5 64.4 75.9
Households with children attending school 92.2 89.0 91.3 92.5 89.3 91.6 76.8 62.2 72.3 75.8 63.8 72.2 76.3 64.2 72.6
Households with at least one attending girl student before the outbreak 72.2 73.2 72.5
Households with at least one attending boy student before the outbreak 86.2 80.4 84.8
Table Edu1b. Learning Activities During School Closures, Percent, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Any education level 12.4 39.0 19.6 24.8 51.9 32.2 57.3 85.4 66.3 51.9 80.2 61.2 41.9 64.0 48.3
Table Edu1c. Children Schooling Status Before the Outbreak by level, Percent
Round-3 Round-4 Round-5
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Households with Primary school attending children 73.5 52.3 67.0 72.9 53.9 67.1 74.1 54.0 68.0
Households with Secondary school attending children 24.0 24.5 24.2 25.4 25.0 25.3 23.9 24.8 24.2
Table Edu1d. Learning Activities During School Closures by level, Percent
Round-3 Round-4 Round-5
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Primary school 23.7 45.7 28.9 19.1 38.8 23.9 15.1 24.7 17.4
Secondary school 30.4 58.1 38.9 23.8 50.3 31.7 20.7 31.8 24.1
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Table Edu2R3-5a. Educational Activities Students Engage During School Closures, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Session/meeting with lesson teacher (tutor) 6.0 15.2 10.9 22.7 26.0 24.2 20.0 16.8 18.7 25.4 17.7 22.1 22.7 34.7 27.3
Used mobile learning apps 7.7 16.6 12.5 2.4 18.8 9.6 9.5 23.5 15.2 10.4 17.8 13.6 6.1 23.6 12.8
Watched educational TV programs 8.6 34.4 22.6 7.3 27.6 16.3 9.4 28.6 17.3 18.6 26.4 21.9 15.2 28.2 20.2
Completed assignments provided by the teacher 6.8 37.6 23.4 24.8 46.3 34.2 32.0 54.0 41.0 25.6 49.5 35.8 35.4 42.3 38.0
Listened to educational programs on radio 85.0 19.1 49.4 52.1 14.2 35.5 48.8 16.3 35.4 51.9 15.1 36.1 37.2 14.2 28.4
Table Edu2R3-5b. Primary Level Educational Activities Students Engage During School Closures, Percent
Round-3 Round-4 Round-5
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Session/meeting with lesson teacher (tutor) 16.2 15.4 15.9 27.2 14.9 22.4 25.7 38.9 30.2
Used mobile learning apps 4.6 17.9 9.6 5.8 12.5 8.4 3.0 13.0 6.4
Watched educational TV programs 9.5 24.6 15.1 12.7 28.1 18.8 15.1 27.1 19.2
Completed assignments provided by the teacher 30.7 59.0 41.4 23.5 51.0 34.4 31.7 45.8 36.5
Listened to educational programs on radio 50.6 14.8 37.2 49.2 13.6 35.1 38.5 15.7 30.7
Table Edu2R3-5c. SecondaryLevel Educational Activities Students Engage During School Closures, Percent
Round-3 Round-4 Round-5
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Session/meeting with lesson teacher (tutor) 28.7 15.8 22.8 15.4 19.8 17.5 15.4 26.3 19.9
Used mobile learning apps 16.2 27.0 21.2 16.7 28.5 22.3 11.9 40.0 23.4
Watched educational TV programs 11.7 28.8 19.6 26.4 25.5 26.0 24.7 32.3 27.8
Completed assignments provided by the teacher 24.7 43.2 33.2 26.4 44.6 35.1 38.7 29.3 34.9
Listened to educational programs on radio 40.3 17.1 29.6 40.8 14.3 28.2 27.0 9.0 19.6
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Table Edu3a. Any Learning Activity, by Consumption Quintile, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5
Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest
Rural 11.5 9.6 13.3 17.4 14.8 20.4 23.3 26.4 30.5 36.7 52.3 60.9 47.3 69.8 79.0 49.5 49.2 37.9 74.6 79.0 45.6 39.2 26.2 55.1 64.6
Urban 34.9 31.9 32.4 37.8 51.1 26.3 49.2 43.3 56.1 64.5 84.5 73.8 89.4 88.9 84.9 88.2 62.3 86.6 79.0 82.8 66.4 47.1 67.3 59.7 74.5
National 13.8 13.2 18.1 27.1 37.5 21.0 27.5 30.6 42.7 53.9 55.2 63.6 59.5 79.6 83.2 54.5 52.4 51.6 76.6 82.1 47.8 40.8 36.6 57.2 71.7
Table Edu3b. Any Learning Activity, by Bottom 40%, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5
Bottom 40% Top 60% Bottom 40% Top 60% Bottom 40% Top 60% Bottom 40% Top 60% Bottom 40% Top 60%
Rural 10.7 14.9 21.7 29.1 55.9 59.4 49.3 55.2 43.3 40.0
Urban 33.1 40.7 39.6 55.5 77.5 87.6 73.5 82.4 55.6 66.7
National 13.5 25.5 23.9 39.9 59.0 72.8 53.6 67.5 45.1 51.3
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Table Edu4a. Continuation of schooling activities during COVID-19, Percent
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Perc. of children who were attending before covid-19 that are attending 58.1 61.4 58.9
Perc. of children who were attending before covid-19 that are not attending 41.9 38.6 41.1
Attendance by gender
Perc. of girls among those attending 51.4 52.5 51.7
Perc. of boys among those attending 48.6 47.5 48.3
Perc. of girls that are attending (among all girls in the sample) 60.7 62.2 61.1
Perc. of boys that are attending (among all boys in the sample) 55.5 60.4 56.7
Perc. of children engaged in learning activities during school closures 14.4 30.7 18.4
Note 1: Children are defined as individuals between ages 3 and 22 (inclusive), unless otherwise specified.
Note 2: In R8 the education module was answered by individual members in contrast to previous rounds where one respondent answered yes/no to account for the whole house
Table Edu4b. School registration during COVID-19, Percent
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Perc. of children registered in school 66.4 68.1 66.8
Perc. of children currently registered in government schools 97.5 76.6 92.6
Perc. of children currently registered in non-government schools 2.5 23.4 7.4
Perc. of children previously registered in government schools 97.5 75.4 92.1
Perc. of children previously registered in non-government schools 2.5 24.6 7.9
Differences in registration in government schools (pre-post) 0.0 -1.2 -0.5
Differences in registration in non-government schools (pre-post) 0.0 1.2 0.5
Registration per school level
Perc. of children age 6-14 registered in primary 76.1 77.3 76.3
Perc. of children age 15-18 registered in secondary 18.9 37.1 23.3
Perc. of children age 6-18 registered in primary or secondary 73.6 76.0 74.1
Main reasons for not being registered
School didn't reopen 23.6 23.3 23.6
Has to contribute to household finances 18.0 19.2 18.2
Married/pregnant 5.4 7.7 5.9
Cannot afford school 1.2 11.8 3.5
Dropped out 12.0 4.1 10.3
Note 1: Children are defined as individuals between ages 3 and 22 (inclusive), unless otherwise specified.
Note 2: In R8 the education module was answered by individual members in contrast to previous rounds where one respondent answered yes/no to account for the whole house
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Table Edu4c. Attendance during the new academic year, Percent
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Table Health. Healthcare Services Access, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Households needing medical treatment in the past 4 weeks 15.3 20.6 17.0 23.3 24.0 23.5 18.9 20.6 19.5 28.8 31.7 29.8 29.0 30.0 29.3 23.5 29.4 25.5 36.9 39.6 37.8 26.7 29.3 27.6
Households needing and accessing medical treatment 81.1 92.6 85.7 86.2 90.4 87.6 85.5 87.1 86.0 93.3 96.9 94.6 94.0 93.1 93.7 90.8 95.7 92.7 88.8 93.0 90.2 90.4 95.2 92.1
Note: In round 1 the timing of the question refers to the period since the outbreak.
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Table Inc1. Household Income Sources, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Farming, Livestock, Fishing 83.0 23.7 63.4 65.7 13.7 48.5 56.5 13.7 42.4 62.8 14.3 46.8 57.5 13.1 42.8 56.5 12.1 41.9
Non-Farm Business 16.4 31.1 21.3 10.4 26.3 15.7 6.1 22.8 11.6 10.1 28.0 16.0 9.5 26.7 15.2 12.5 27.2 17.3
Wage-Employment 12.6 47.1 24.0 11.9 40.9 21.5 10.6 43.6 21.5 11.3 46.3 22.8 14.7 45.7 24.9 11.5 47.1 23.3
Remittances from Within Country 2.7 10.3 5.2 2.6 6.9 4.0 1.8 5.5 3.0 3.8 7.3 4.9 2.1 6.3 3.5 3.5 6.3 4.4
Remittances from Abroad 3.6 6.0 4.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.7 2.2 1.2 0.8 1.6 1.1 0.6 2.3 1.2
Income from Property, Investment and Savings 5.4 11.9 7.5 3.4 10.6 5.8 5.5 10.5 7.1 3.8 10.6 6.1 6.2 10.3 7.6 3.3 10.8 5.8
Pension 0.1 5.3 1.8 0.1 4.0 1.4 0.1 4.2 1.5 0.2 4.1 1.5 0.2 4.7 1.7 0.1 5.0 1.7
Government Assistance 11.9 4.0 9.3 5.4 3.1 4.6 2.3 1.8 2.1 6.7 2.1 5.1 4.4 2.0 3.6 2.4 1.9 2.2
Assistance from NGO or Charitable Organization 4.2 1.1 3.2 1.7 0.6 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.9 1.6 0.7 1.3 1.5 0.8 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.6
Other Sources 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.8
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 18 of 47
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Table Inc2. Income Source, by Change Status, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6
Stayed Stayed Stayed Stayed Stayed Stayed
Increased Reduced Total Loss Increased Reduced Total Loss Increased Reduced Total Loss Increased Reduced Total Loss Increased Reduced Total Loss Increased Reduced Total Loss
the same the same the same the same the same the same
Farming, livestock, fishing 1.9 56.8 39.6 1.8 3.6 66.9 28.0 1.5 4.3 64.1 31.6 0.0 12.1 63.8 23.1 1.0 18.8 57.4 23.8 19.9 61.4 18.7 0.0
Non-farm business 1.2 13.6 57.6 27.5 10.0 23.2 62.1 4.6 9.9 26.9 58.1 5.0 8.5 30.9 59.0 1.7 13.9 36.6 47.7 1.9 21.8 36.3 38.3 3.7
Wage-Employment 0.6 65.0 22.8 11.7 5.2 70.1 23.7 1.0 5.9 73.9 19.7 0.5 16.1 68.0 15.6 0.2 7.3 68.9 21.8 2.0 7.4 72.9 19.6 0.0
Remittances from within Ethiopia 3.1 52.1 33.1 11.7 8.1 49.5 37.6 4.8 25.1 65.8 9.1 30.8 52.2 17.0 22.7 61.6 15.6 25.0 58.9 15.9 0.2
Remittances from abroad 1.0 36.5 23.8 38.7 14.0 45.8 40.2 14.9 67.5 17.6 35.1 46.6 18.3 28.2 55.1 16.7 40.3 55.8 3.9
Income from properties, investments and Savings 2.4 55.9 33.9 7.9 14.2 54.3 24.8 6.7 3.9 73.0 19.0 4.1 5.7 64.2 28.2 1.9 3.7 76.5 17.9 1.9 12.6 73.7 13.2 0.6
Pension 0.6 95.4 3.9 0.1 98.7 1.3 0.1 99.8 0.1 99.7 0.2 0.1 99.9 0.1 1.0 97.9 1.0
Government assistance 12.5 60.2 13.1 14.3 24.5 73.4 1.2 0.9 46.0 49.3 4.7 18.7 69.8 11.5 31.0 57.6 11.4 19.1 43.9 37.0
Assistance from NGO or charitable organization 15.4 42.8 20.2 21.6 61.6 34.5 3.9 12.5 82.7 4.8 14.1 83.5 2.4 47.1 48.4 4.4 43.6 36.8 19.6
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 19 of 47
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Table Inc3. Changes in Total Income in the Last 4 Weeks, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Increased 1.6 0.9 1.3 2.8 5.0 3.5 3.1 5.0 3.7 6.8 10.8 8.1 10.5 9.7 10.2 11.5 11.0 11.4
Stayed the same 46.7 38.6 44.1 52.5 46.4 50.5 60.5 47.8 56.3 60.8 51.4 57.8 55.8 54.3 55.3 62.8 61.5 62.4
Reduced 49.8 52.4 50.7 43.0 40.7 42.2 33.6 39.7 35.6 30.2 32.3 30.9 31.3 31.1 31.2 22.9 23.1 22.9
Total (100%) loss 1.8 8.1 3.9 1.7 7.9 3.8 2.9 7.5 4.4 2.0 5.4 3.2 2.4 4.9 3.2 2.8 4.1 3.2
Note: In round 1 the timing of the question refers to the period since the outbreak.
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 20 of 47
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Table Inc4. Total Household Income Change in the Last 4 Weeks by Consumption Quintile, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6
Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest
Increased 1.2 2.0 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.6 2.4 2.8 5.1 5.9 2.0 3.2 2.0 3.3 8.9 6.6 8.4 4.4 9.1 13.0 11.4 15.4 5.6 11.3 8.1 14.9 11.5 10.6 8.7 11.4
Stayed the same 44.6 44.8 40.2 44.7 46.4 59.2 47.6 48.4 45.4 51.4 59.4 58.0 55.9 55.4 52.3 68.7 58.4 54.5 52.7 53.6 49.1 51.5 61.9 56.1 57.3 58.4 60.5 65.5 62.6 64.6
Reduced 52.8 48.2 54.8 49.8 46.9 37.9 46.0 44.5 45.0 37.4 34.4 36.5 38.3 35.9 32.5 22.7 31.4 36.0 34.6 29.8 34.9 28.5 29.8 31.4 31.6 21.1 26.8 21.1 26.0 19.3
Total (100%) loss 1.2 5.0 3.4 4.5 5.6 1.3 4.0 4.3 4.4 5.1 4.2 2.3 3.9 5.3 6.4 1.9 1.8 5.1 3.2 3.6 4.6 4.6 2.7 1.2 3.0 5.6 1.2 2.7 2.2 4.6
Note: In round 1 the timing of the question refers to the period since the outbreak.
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 21 of 47
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Table Cop1. Coping Strategies, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Sale of assets (Agricultural and Non-agricultural) 5.9 0.7 4.0 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.4 3.0 2.0 1.3 0.6 1.1 2.2 0.6 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.7
Engaged in additional income generating activities 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.8 3.8 3.0 3.5 2.3 3.6 2.8 5.4 6.1 5.6 2.0 4.8 3.0
Received assistance from friends & family 0.9 7.3 3.2 2.1 11.3 5.3 1.0 9.4 4.3 3.5 11.9 6.5 4.1 9.2 5.8 0.2 15.9 5.6
Borrowed from friends & family 4.0 3.7 3.8 6.1 5.2 5.8 3.4 4.7 3.9 8.3 5.9 7.4 10.9 11.4 11.1 6.2 5.4 5.9
Reduced food consumption 11.0 16.0 12.8 16.0 26.0 19.5 19.0 28.6 22.7 13.3 21.3 16.2 10.8 17.0 13.0 8.8 16.3 11.4
Reduced nonfood consumption 9.1 11.5 10.0 14.6 19.6 16.3 16.9 19.2 17.8 9.8 15.6 11.9 7.5 12.1 9.1 10.6 14.8 12.1
Relied on savings 11.3 33.8 19.5 13.8 35.7 21.4 15.4 41.6 25.6 8.4 38.5 19.3 14.2 32.9 20.6 20.0 28.7 23.0
Did nothing 59.1 48.4 55.2 58.2 35.5 50.3 55.3 31.9 46.2 63.1 35.1 52.9 52.3 32.3 45.4 57.7 37.5 50.8
All others 5.9 2.4 4.6 2.8 4.8 3.5 7.1 2.9 5.5 7.0 4.9 6.2 6.8 11.5 8.4 7.4 3.3 6.0
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 22 of 47
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Table Cop2. Coping Strategies by Consumption Quintile, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6
Bottom40% Top60% Bottom40% Top60% Bottom40% Top60% Bottom40% Top60% Bottom40% Top60% Bottom40% Top60%
Sale of assets (Agricultural and Non-agricultural) 5.4 3.0 1.1 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.2 0.5 3.4 0.4 0.6 0.8
Engaged in additional income generating activities 3.5 2.4 3.0 2.6 4.3 2.9 2.5 2.9 6.5 5.0 1.8 3.8
Received assistance from friends & family 2.3 3.8 4.6 5.7 2.2 5.7 4.0 7.8 4.4 6.9 5.5 5.6
Borrowed from friends & family 4.0 3.7 5.6 5.8 2.6 4.8 8.9 6.6 9.6 12.1 3.3 7.8
Reduced food consumption 12.1 13.3 18.4 20.1 24.7 21.4 12.3 18.2 13.2 12.8 11.7 11.1
Reduced nonfood consumption 10.7 9.5 16.1 16.5 19.8 16.5 7.8 14.0 10.5 8.1 17.8 8.1
Relied on savings 12.0 24.7 15.9 25.0 19.9 29.3 14.8 21.7 15.2 24.6 24.3 22.0
Did nothing 60.0 52.0 53.2 48.4 50.1 43.7 61.2 48.7 50.5 41.8 51.2 50.5
All others 4.1 5.0 2.7 4.0 5.3 5.6 5.3 6.7 7.9 8.7 7.9 4.7
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 23 of 47
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Table Aid1a. Assistance Types to Households, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Household received assistance: Any source 10.1 3.1 7.8 6.4 4.4 5.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 8.3 3.9 6.9 4.5 2.8 4.0 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 2.6 3.1 5.6 4.7 5.3
Note: In round 1, the question asks for assistance received since the outbreak. In rounds 2 to 7, the question asks for assistance received in the last month.
Table Aid1b. Assistance type- Unconditional, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Free food 4.4 2.1 3.7 2.5 1.7 2.2 2.3 3.0 2.5 5.0 2.4 4.1 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.0 2.1 4.6 2.8 4.0
Food or cash for work 1.7 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.5
Direct cash transfer 4.0 1.0 3.0 2.6 1.6 2.3 1.4 0.7 1.2 2.5 1.7 2.2 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.3 1.8 0.8
Note: In round 1, the question asks for assistance received since the outbreak. In rounds 2 to 7, the question asks for assistance received in the last month.
Table Aid1c. Assistance Type Conditional on Assistance Received, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Free food 44.1 67.7 47.2 39.4 39.1 39.3 60.0 81.6 66.9 59.8 61.9 60.2 57.3 85.4 64.0 71.3 80.9 74.5 64.4 78.0 68.2 82.5 59.9 75.9
Food or cash for work 16.9 7.9 15.7 19.1 10.3 16.8 2.2 3.0 2.5 9.8 0.1 8.0 28.6 1.7 22.2 8.7 1.8 6.4 0.0 1.8 0.5 12.1 1.8 9.1
Direct cash transfer 39.4 33.5 38.6 40.9 37.2 39.9 37.8 19.1 31.8 30.4 42.0 32.6 17.6 17.6 17.6 20.0 17.7 19.2 38.3 20.2 33.3 5.5 38.3 15.1
Note: In round 1, the question asks for assistance received since the outbreak. In rounds 2 to 7, the question asks for assistance received in the last month.
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 24 of 47
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Table Aid2a. Assistance source (percent)
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Government 7.6 2.7 6.0 4.9 2.6 4.2 3.8 1.7 3.1 6.0 2.4 4.8 3.6 1.9 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.3 0.8 1.8 2.3 2.5 2.3
NGO 1.4 0.0 0.9 1.3 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.9 3.3 1.1 2.6
Religious Organization 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.3
Volunteer/Youth Organization 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Note: In round 1, the question asks for assistance received since the outbreak. In rounds 2 to 7, the question asks for assistance received in the last month.
Table Aid2b. Assistance Source - Conditional on Assistance Received, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Government 76.0 82.6 76.9 77.8 50.9 70.9 84.4 47.0 72.4 72.7 61.7 70.6 80.4 58.8 75.2 59.3 52.6 57.1 69.9 31.3 59.2 40.6 52.8 44.2
NGO 13.6 0.2 11.8 20.5 6.4 16.9 7.4 1.8 5.6 12.9 8.0 12.0 15.3 26.2 17.8 40.7 33.3 38.2 25.9 41.9 30.3 59.4 22.7 48.6
Religious Organization 4.2 4.1 4.2 0.1 22.2 5.7 8.3 14.8 10.4 11.7 17.1 12.7 5.8 7.8 6.3 0.0 4.8 1.6 0.0 22.3 6.2 0.0 19.7 5.8
Volunteer/Youth Organization 6.1 12.4 7.0 1.1 5.3 2.1 0.0 10.7 3.4 0.8 9.3 2.4 1.2 7.2 2.6 0.0 7.4 2.5 1.4 4.5 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.1
Note: In round 1, the question asks for assistance received since the outbreak. In rounds 2 to 7, the question asks for assistance received in the last month.
Table Aid2c. Average Assistance Amount in Birr per Recipient Household, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Assistance Amount 725.5 777.7 734.1 887.6 602.1 820.5 725.4 578.3 683.5 645.2 800.8 678.6 599.9 533.3 579.6 662.3 999.0 777.7 780.2 493.6 702.1 623.9 989.3 737.4
Note: In round 1, the question asks for assistance received since the outbreak. In rounds 2 to 7, the question asks for assistance received in the last month.
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 25 of 47
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Table E1a. Current Employment Status
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Currently Working 87.9 64.5 80.2 91.5 72.6 85.3 92.2 74.0 86.2 90.9 77.2 86.4 94.1 74.7 87.7 94.6 72.1 87.2 93.2 75.6 87.4
Currently Not Working 12.1 35.5 19.8 8.5 27.4 14.7 7.8 26.0 13.8 9.1 22.8 13.6 5.9 25.3 12.3 5.4 27.9 12.8 6.8 24.4 12.6
Table E1b. Previous Employment Status for Currently Not Working, Percent
Round-1 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Previously Working 25.3 45.0 37.0 91.2 73.9 85.5 91.9 76.8 86.9 94.3 75.1 87.9 93.3 74.7 87.2 94.9 76.1 88.7 93.5 73.8 87.0
Previously Not Working 74.7 55.0 63.0 8.8 26.1 14.5 8.1 23.2 13.1 5.7 24.9 12.1 6.7 25.3 12.8 5.1 23.9 11.3 6.5 26.2 13.0
Note: In round 1 the timing of the question refers to the Pre-Covid period. Information from rounds 2 and 3 is not reported since it refers also to the pre-covid period reported in round 1.
Table E1c. Reasons for Stopping Work, Percent
Round-1 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Lost job due to COVID 4.2 9.2 5.8 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.8 0.9 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Seasonal/casual w ork 1.9 1.7 1.8 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.1 1.1 0.4 0.0 1.7 0.6 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2
Temporarily absent 0.6 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.0 1.5 0.5 0.7 1.3 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.2 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8
Other reasons 0.2 1.5 0.6 0.0 0.9 0.3 0.9 2.2 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.3 0.2 5.1 1.8 1.1 0.9 1.0
Note: In round 1 the timing of the question refers to the Pre-Covid period. Information from rounds 2 and 3 is not reported since it refers also to the pre-covid period reported in round 1.
Table E1d. Reasons for Stopping Work Among Those not Working, Percent
Round-1 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Lost job due to COVID 61.2 63.8 62.5 18.1 18.9 18.6 30.6 27.3 28.2 0.0 9.7 5.4 0.0 2.8 1.5 37.8 2.2 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Seasonal/casual w ork 27.4 12.0 19.5 29.0 36.6 33.4 5.1 16.1 12.9 0.0 41.0 23.1 0.2 30.6 16.5 0.0 6.1 5.1 0.0 25.8 8.4
Temporarily absent 9.0 13.6 11.3 50.5 17.1 31.2 0.0 23.3 16.5 42.3 31.3 36.1 28.7 25.4 26.9 30.8 25.8 26.7 46.6 27.8 40.5
Other reasons 2.4 10.6 6.6 2.4 27.3 16.8 64.3 33.3 42.4 57.7 17.9 35.3 71.1 41.1 55.0 31.4 65.5 59.8 53.4 43.5 50.2
Note: In round 1 the timing of the question refers to the Pre-Covid period. Information from rounds 2 and 3 is not reported since it refers also to the pre-covid period reported in round 1.
Table E1e. Reasons for Stopping Work if Previously Working by Consumption Quintile, Percent
Round-1 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-7 Round-7
Bottom40% Top60% All Bottom40% Top60% All Bottom40% Top60% All Bottom40% Top60% All Bottom40%
Top60% Top60%
All Bottom40% All Bottom40% Top60% All
Lost job due to COVID 4.4 6.9 5.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Seasonal/casual w ork 2.0 1.7 1.8 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2
Temporarily absent 0.4 1.5 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.0 1.3 0.8 1.4 0.4 0.8
Other reasons 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.4 0.8 1.7 1.1 1.3 0.6 2.7 1.8 1.7 0.5 1.0
Note: In round 1 the timing of the question refers to the Pre-Covid period. Information from rounds 2 and 3 is not reported since it refers also to the pre-covid period reported in round 1.
Table E1f. Reasons for Stopping Work if Previously Working among those not Working, by Consumption Quintile, Percent
Round-1 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Bottom40% Top60% All Bottom40% Top60% All Bottom40% Top60% All Bottom40% Top60% Top60% All Bottom40%
All Bottom40% Top60% All Bottom40% Top60% All
Lost job due to COVID 62.3 62.6 62.5 34.4 11.8 18.6 3.8 37.8 28.2 1.5 7.5 5.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.0 8.9 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Seasonal/casual w ork 28.0 15.8 19.5 25.0 37.0 33.4 13.3 12.7 12.9 19.1 25.1 23.1 6.4 23.6 16.5 2.9 5.2 5.1 10.9 2.6 8.4
Temporarily absent 5.8 13.8 11.3 32.9 30.4 31.2 16.3 16.6 16.5 6.8 51.7 36.1 25.9 27.7 26.9 4.1 28.7 26.7 40.5 40.5 40.5
Other reasons 3.9 7.8 6.6 7.6 20.7 16.8 66.7 32.9 42.4 72.5 15.6 35.3 66.4 47.0 55.0 93.0 56.8 59.8 48.6 53.8 50.2
Note: In round 1 the timing of the question refers to the Pre-Covid period. Information from rounds 2 and 3 is not reported since it refers also to the pre-covid period reported in round 1.
Table E1g. Job Dynamics betw een pre-covid and R1 and subsequent rounds
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Lost the job betw een pre-covid/previous round and current one 3.4 19.9 8.4 1.4 6.6 2.9 2.0 6.0 3.2 1.3 4.2 2.2 1.4 8.1 3.4 1.6 5.1 2.7 1.7 5.0 2.7 0.8 9.8 3.4 2.2 2.6 2.3
Still out of job this round 42.5 53.7 50.8 28.0 57.2 47.0 95.3 56.3 74.0 47.1 49.6 48.4 97.6 54.1 66.3 9.1 64.4 40.3 60.6 56.7 58.3 20.4 82.1 68.8
Gained job in this round 57.5 46.3 49.2 72.0 42.8 53.0 4.7 43.7 26.0 52.9 50.4 51.6 2.4 45.9 33.7 90.9 35.6 59.7 39.4 43.3 41.7 79.6 17.9 31.2
Table E1h. Sector of new job
Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Indus Whole
Industry Transpo Persona Transpo Public Persona
Wholesale Public try/ sale Education Industry/ Wholesale Public Education Industry/ Wholesale Public Education Industry/ Wholesale Public Education Industry/ Wholesale Public Education Industry/ Wholesale Public Education Industry/ Wholesale Public Education
/ rt l Education rt Admin l Transport Personal Transport Personal Transport Personal Transport Personal Transport Personal Transport Personal
Others Agriculture and retail RestaurantsAdministrati Construction Others AgricultureManu and Restaurants Construction and Others Agriculture Manufact and retail Restaurants Administr Construction and Others Agriculture Manufact and retail Restaurants Administr Construction and Others Agriculture Manufact and retail Restaurants Administr Construction and Others Agriculture Manufact and retail Restaurants Administr Construction and Others Agriculture Manufact and retail Restaurants Administr Construction and Others Agriculture Manufact and retail Restaurants Administr Construction and
Manufa service Service and Health service istrati Service services Services services Services services Services services Services services Services services Services
trade on factu retail Health uring trade ation Health uring trade ation Health uring trade ation Health uring trade ation Health uring trade ation Health uring trade ation Health
cturing s s s on s
ring trade
National 0.8 14.4 4.6 29.0 4.9 8.2 10.6 16.0 8.3 3.2 48.3 8.5 5.2 1.6 2.9 3.9 12.5 15.3 1.6 5.8 11.1 17.0 19.1 2.8 15.6 7.8 11.8 9.1 0.1 30.2 3.9 6.8 1.0 9.5 2.1 5.7 40.8 16.0 6.9 11.5 2.3 13.2 8.3 17.8 23.8 0.1 1.0 64.4 0.0 9.7 1.3 3.4 4.1 2.4 13.6 0.1 40.9 0.7 6.6 9.9 7.8 11.9 22.3 42.9 14.7 13.3 9.7 6.3 3.9 8.2 1.0
Table E1i. Status of new job
Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Empl
Employe Employe Employe Employe Emplo Employe Empl Emplo Employe
Employee Unpaid oyee Unpaid Member Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee Unpaid Member Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee Unpaid Member Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee Unpaid Member Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee Unpaid Member Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee Unpaid Member Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee Unpaid Member
e e Employee e e Member of Casual yee e oyee yee e Casual Employee Casual Employee Casual Employee Casual Employee Casual Employee Casual Employee Casual
(Governme Self-employed Family Employer Others (Gov Self-employed Family Employer of Others (Governm (Parastata (Private (Domestic (Public Self-employed Family Employer of Others (Governm (Parastata (Private (Domestic (Public Self-employed Family Employer of Others (Governm (Parastata (Private (Domestic (Public Self-employed Family Employer of Others (Governm (Parastata (Private (Domestic (Public Self-employed Family Employer of Others (Governm (Parastata (Private (Domestic (Public Self-employed Family Employer of Others (Governm (Parastata (Private (Domestic (Public Self-employed Family Employer of Others
(Parasta (Private (NGO) (Domest (Public Cooperate w orker (Para (Private (NGO (Dom (Public w orker (NGO) w orker (NGO) w orker (NGO) w orker (NGO) w orker (NGO) w orker (NGO) w orker
nt) Worker ernm Worker Cooperate ent) l) sector) ) w orks) Worker Cooperate ent) l) sector) ) w orks) Worker Cooperate ent) l) sector) ) w orks) Worker Cooperate ent) l) sector) ) w orks) Worker Cooperate ent) l) sector) ) w orks) Worker Cooperate ent) l) sector) ) w orks) Worker Cooperate
tal) sector) ic) w orks) statal) sector) ) estic) w orks)
ent)
National 12.8 1.2 6.8 2.8 6.9 0.5 40.4 5.7 0.8 22.1 5.0 15.1 0.6 1.6 57.1 0.6 20.1 4.3 11.0 8.7 35.6 0.7 3.2 30.7 5.8 1.9 16.0 0.3 2.1 30.2 18.9 1.2 29.3 6.9 24.3 3.7 31.9 6.1 27.0 4.4 10.7 4.2 1.0 58.8 9.7 0.7 10.7 0.7 13.5 0.8 57.4 0.3 27.3 18.6 8.3 1.6 71.5
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Table E2a. Sector in Current work, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services
Rural 88.7 1.2 10.0 86.5 1.7 11.8 87.1 1.6 11.3 86.7 1.6 11.8 87.3 2.3 10.5 86.7 1.6 11.8 86.3 1.7 12.0 88.6 1.1 10.3 87.3 1.6 11.1
Urban 21.6 19.0 59.4 22.0 15.2 62.8 20.5 16.5 63.0 19.4 15.5 65.0 19.6 16.5 63.8 17.8 16.9 65.3 17.7 15.6 66.8 17.8 16.3 65.9 17.0 16.8 66.2
National 70.9 6.0 23.1 68.4 5.5 26.1 68.2 5.8 25.9 66.9 5.7 27.4 68.2 6.3 25.5 67.1 5.9 27.0 66.9 5.6 27.5 69.3 5.3 25.4 67.2 6.0 26.8
Table E2b. Sector in Previous Work, Percent, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services
National 22.4 18.6 59.1 25.3 23.1 51.6 42.0 13.8 44.1 67.8 5.5 26.8 67.6 6.4 26.0 66.8 6.4 26.8 67.5 5.7 26.8 68.7 5.6 25.7 68.0 5.8 26.2
Table E2c. Changes in sector, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Change in sectors 29.4 3.7 16.1 1.6 7.0 5.2 2.5 8.3 5.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3
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Table E3a. Employment Status in Current Work, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed,
Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others
Rural 4.8 4.3 90.2 0.7 4.2 3.0 92.3 0.5 4.0 3.3 92.1 0.6 4.2 3.6 91.3 0.9 4.2 3.8 91.1 0.9 4.2 3.3 91.5 0.9 4.5 3.9 90.8 0.8 3.9 3.9 91.7 0.5 4.7 3.2 91.6 0.5
Urban 24.9 16.0 57.0 2.1 23.9 13.8 60.0 2.4 25.0 13.6 58.6 2.8 24.0 13.2 59.8 3.0 23.7 13.2 59.8 3.2 24.2 14.6 58.4 2.8 24.1 14.3 58.9 2.7 24.7 13.2 58.6 3.5 24.7 14.3 57.9 3.1
National 11.6 8.2 79.0 1.2 9.7 6.0 83.2 1.1 10.0 6.2 82.6 1.2 10.1 6.4 82.0 1.5 9.7 6.5 82.3 1.6 9.9 6.5 82.1 1.5 10.0 6.8 81.8 1.3 9.6 6.5 82.7 1.3 10.4 6.4 81.9 1.2
Table E3b. Employment Status in Previous Work, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed, Government Private Sector Self-employed,
Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others Employee Employee Casual, Family Worker Others
Rural 11.0 12.1 74.3 2.6 4.4 9.2 86.4 11.3 1.7 87.0 4.2 3.5 91.6 0.6 4.3 4.0 90.8 1.0 4.2 3.6 91.3 0.9 4.5 3.4 91.1 0.9 3.9 3.9 91.7 0.5 4.4 3.8 91.3 0.5
Urban 11.6 17.9 66.8 3.7 9.0 23.3 65.6 2.1 7.5 12.4 78.8 1.3 25.2 13.5 58.4 2.9 23.7 13.5 59.8 3.0 24.6 14.1 58.2 3.1 23.4 14.3 59.6 2.6 24.7 13.2 58.5 3.6 24.8 14.4 57.6 3.2
National 11.3 15.1 70.4 3.2 7.4 18.4 72.7 1.4 9.2 7.6 82.5 0.7 10.2 6.4 82.2 1.3 10.0 6.7 81.7 1.6 10.0 6.6 81.9 1.5 9.9 6.5 82.1 1.4 9.8 6.5 82.3 1.4 10.1 6.8 81.9 1.3
Table E2c. Changes in employment status, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Change in employment status 0.0 4.5 2.3 4.1 14.5 10.9 0.8 9.1 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2
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Table E4a. Work Status in the Last 4 Weeks, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Same - No change 98.6 97.7 98.3 99.5 97.8 99.0 99.4 98.2 99.1 99.8 98.8 99.5 99.2 99.1 99.2 99.2 99.5 99.3 99.2 99.5 99.3 100.0 98.6 99.6 99.4 99.1 99.3
Different 1.4 2.3 1.7 0.5 2.2 1.0 0.6 1.8 0.9 0.2 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.0 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.7
Note: In round 1, the timing of the question refers to the period before and after the outbreak.
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Table E5a. Work Continuity in the Last 4 Weeks, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Work continued normally 75.9 83.5 81.0 94.2 88.2 90.4 86.7 92.6 90.6 89.8 94.9 92.9 94.7 95.4 95.2 97.8 98.4 98.2 95.2 98.1 97.1 97.0 98.2 97.8
Work didn't continue normally 24.1 16.5 19.0 5.8 11.8 9.6 13.3 7.4 9.4 10.2 5.1 7.1 5.3 4.6 4.8 2.2 1.6 1.8 4.8 1.9 2.9 3.0 1.8 2.2
Note: In round 1, the timing of the question refers to the period after the outbreak.
Table E5b. Payment Status After the Outbreak, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Work not normal but paid 29.9 65.4 50.7 96.6 60.7 68.5 32.9 78.1 56.0 16.4 91.5 50.2 1.0 86.1 53.0 2.6 99.4 55.0 0.0 71.3 29.4 0.0 96.4 50.2
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Table E6. Household Businesses in the Last 4 Weeks, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Household owned businesses in the last 4 weeks 19.5 31.4 23.4 17.6 27.9 21.0 13.6 31.6 19.5 11.4 31.2 17.9 12.4 29.3 18.0 13.8 28.6 18.7 15.6 32.9 21.3 14.3 29.8 19.4 13.0 30.2 18.7
Note: In round 1, the timing of the question refers to the period before the outbreak.
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Table E7. Sector of Non-Farm Household Business in the previous month, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services
Rural 31.7 14.5 53.8 31.2 15.4 53.4 18.0 11.6 70.5 23.2 9.9 66.9 18.4 12.0 69.6 15.0 13.1 71.9 12.8 12.7 74.5 13.9 3.7 82.5 14.1 4.8 81.1
Urban 8.2 13.4 78.4 6.2 12.0 81.8 3.6 11.2 85.2 4.1 14.0 81.9 4.0 13.6 82.4 2.8 13.8 83.4 4.8 13.1 82.1 4.3 13.4 82.3 4.6 14.5 80.9
National 21.3 14.0 64.7 20.2 13.9 65.8 10.3 11.4 78.3 12.3 12.2 75.5 10.7 12.8 76.5 8.8 13.4 77.8 8.7 12.9 78.4 9.0 8.6 82.4 9.0 9.9 81.0
Note: In round 1, the timing of the question refers to the period before the outbreak.
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Table E8. Changes in Household Business Income in the Last 4 Weeks, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Higher Less Higher Less Higher Less
Higher The same Less Higher The same Less Higher The same Less Higher The same Less Higher The same Less Higher The same Less The same The same The same
No income No income No income No income No income No income than than No income than than No income than than No income
than usual as usual than usual than usual as usual than usual than usual as usual than usual than usual as usual than usual than usual as usual than usual than usual as usual than usual as usual as usual as usual
usual usual usual usual usual usual
Rural 2.3 32.9 40.4 24.4 7.4 30.9 54.6 7.1 12.4 31.5 52.8 3.2 2.6 34.6 57.5 5.3 10.1 34.9 41.5 13.5 14.3 36.1 44.2 5.4 26.2 43.6 30.0 0.2 29.0 39.2 30.8 1.0 32.0 45.4 19.2 3.5
Urban 0.7 15.0 65.8 18.4 7.5 30.6 55.8 6.0 6.6 21.4 69.3 2.7 6.7 31.2 56.8 5.3 12.2 34.7 49.7 3.4 22.3 37.4 39.6 0.7 20.7 53.1 25.7 0.5 32.9 40.4 22.1 4.7 36.4 46.6 16.8 0.1
National 1.6 25.0 51.7 21.7 7.5 30.8 55.2 6.6 9.0 25.5 62.5 2.9 5.0 32.6 57.1 5.3 11.3 34.8 46.2 7.7 18.5 36.8 41.7 2.9 23.2 48.8 27.6 0.4 31.2 39.9 25.8 3.1 34.4 46.1 17.9 1.6
Note: In round 1, the timing of the question refers to the period after the outbreak.
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Table E9. Reasons for Lower Business Income in the Last 4 Weeks, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Usual place of business closed because of coronavirus 46.8 44.0 45.2 26.5 36.0 31.0 25.3 40.2 35.0 17.2 43.1 32.5 18.3 29.7 24.8 13.5 33.4 23.0 20.5 12.2 16.2 10.1 6.8 8.3 0.0 5.5 2.6
Usual place of business closed for reason other than coronavirus 14.0 7.4 10.3 1.5 6.4 3.9 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.0 5.0 3.0 5.5 5.6 5.5 13.3 0.2 7.1 0.2 1.2 0.7 3.2 0.2 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Seasonal closure 9.0 11.2 10.2 7.7 9.8 8.7 0.0 10.4 6.7 0.7 6.5 4.1 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.3 4.7 4.0 0.2 1.3 0.7 6.3 7.3 6.9 10.6 0.6 5.8
No customers 30.6 53.7 43.7 66.5 78.1 72.1 78.1 68.9 72.2 84.3 65.5 73.2 59.7 71.8 66.6 74.9 83.3 78.9 84.1 81.5 82.7 68.9 72.2 70.6 66.4 54.5 60.8
Unable to acquire or transport inputs 12.6 11.1 11.7 12.9 17.7 15.2 9.3 19.5 15.9 4.7 19.0 13.2 12.5 25.3 19.8 19.2 14.2 16.8 13.3 17.0 15.2 11.6 14.4 13.1 24.9 26.9 25.9
Unable to sell or transport outputs 30.5 23.4 26.5 12.1 28.9 20.2 18.0 25.9 23.2 35.8 14.5 23.2 50.2 15.6 30.6 26.2 7.5 17.3 16.6 8.2 12.3 38.4 20.4 28.8 17.8 19.5 18.6
Note: In round 1, the timing of the question refers to the period since the start of Covid-19 onset.
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Table E10. Household Member Worked on Family Farm, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Household member worked on family farm 86.2 26.2 66.4 89.8 23.5 67.9 91.4 27.0 70.2 91.1 25.4 69.4 92.1 24.0 69.6 90.7 23.7 68.6 18.8 2.2 5.6 90.8 21.4 67.9 90.2 20.5 67.2
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Table E11. Wage Employment Status for Non-respondent Household Member in the Last 4 Weeks, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Other family member employed in the last 4 weeks 6.8 25.5 12.7 7.1 20.8 11.3 5.1 21.7 10.2 4.9 24.0 10.8 6.5 22.7 11.5 5.0 24.0 10.8 6.4 23.3 11.7 6.4 24.2 11.8 3.4 23.7 9.7
Lost job in the last 4 weeks- all reasons 30.1 21.1 24.4 0.5 6.0 3.6 2.6 5.4 4.4 3.9 2.5 2.9 0.0 3.5 2.2 4.5 3.2 3.6 0.0 2.0 1.3 4.4 5.5 5.1 9.8 2.9 4.6
Lost job for COVID-related reasons 73.7 89.7 82.4 85.6 99.5 98.7 100.0 82.6 86.1 100.0 65.5 79.9 23.5 23.5 7.5 53.6 35.3 16.8 16.8 0.0 7.1 4.4 0.0 8.9 4.2
Notes: Other family member is a household member other than the member who responded to the interview.
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Table E12a. Respondent Job Loss in the Last 4 Weeks by Consumption Quintile, Percent
Round-1 Round-2 Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6 Round-7 Round-8 Round-9
Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest Q1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:RichestQ1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:RichestQ1:Poorest Q2:Poorer Q3:Middle Q4:Richer Q5:Richest
Rural 4.7 13.7 13.8 7.4 10.8 0.0 3.6 1.9 0.8 0.5 2.4 1.4 1.8 1.2 3.8 0.9 2.3 0.4 0.5 4.1 0.3 0.7 1.2 3.6 2.8 1.9 1.4 0.0 2.7 3.9 0.7 3.1 0.0 3.3 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.1 0.3 0.0 7.2 1.3 0.1 0.0
Urban 14.4 13.9 21.4 19.2 23.1 9.1 4.0 6.3 8.6 5.6 9.7 4.5 8.8 4.9 5.2 0.8 2.8 7.3 5.4 2.9 15.9 11.6 10.9 8.2 3.7 10.1 3.6 7.2 5.4 3.6 15.0 4.2 5.3 3.3 4.6 9.4 3.5 9.9 12.0 10.0 12.6 1.3 2.6 0.8 2.6
National 6.0 13.8 16.0 13.2 19.3 0.9 3.7 2.9 4.0 3.5 3.1 2.0 3.5 2.8 4.7 0.9 2.4 2.0 2.6 3.3 1.8 2.9 3.3 5.5 3.3 2.7 1.8 1.6 3.8 3.7 2.0 3.3 1.1 3.3 4.1 0.7 0.6 2.7 7.7 6.7 1.2 6.2 1.6 0.4 1.6
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Table AG1a. Farm owning households , Percent
Round-3 Round-4 Round-5 Round-6
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Household (HH) owns a farm 93.9 30.7 73.1 91.8 27.0 70.6 92.8 26.6 70.9 92.1 25.4 70.1
Of those currently farming- farming normally 92.7 92.6 92.7 94.5 88.8 93.8 93.5 92.9 93.4 95.0 93.4 94.8
Table AG1b. Households receiving agricultural extension services, Percent
Round-3 Round-4 Round-6
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
HHs receiving agricultural extension services 43.3 37.4 42.7 43.5 50.9 44.4 47.2 49.6 47.4
Table AG1c. Migrant labor, Percent
Round-3 Round-4
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
14.0 years
HHs reporting agricultural laborer working elsewhere in normal 5.2 11.1 5.8 6.7 6.1
HHs reporting to work elsewhere this season 5.7 5.4 5.6 3.8 3.7 3.8
Table AG1d. Agricultural activity during the last meher season, Percent
Round-9
Rural Urban National
HHs have grown crops 92.9 23.4 70.0
HHs changed harvesting activities due to COVID-19 3.7 4.2 3.8
Change: couldn't hire labor 64.0 32.1 60.0
Change: hired fewer 43.5 50.5 44.3
Change: abandoned crops in the field 9.1 0.0 8.0
Change: delayed harvesting 0.0 19.4 2.4
Table AG1e. Expected output of main crop, Percent
Round-9
Rural Urban National
Better than normal 32.9 38.2 33.5
Average 21.3 11.7 20.2
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Less than normal 45.9 50.0 46.3
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Table AG2a. Livestock owning households , Percent
Round-5 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Household (HH) owns livestock 62.8 13.7 46.6 80.6 16.5 59.4
Of those currently owning- COVID affected livestock activity 6.8 16.2 7.7 3.8 3.9 3.8
Notes: *R1 refers to the period since COVID-19. R9 refers to the last 12 months
Table AG2b. How COVID-19 has affected livestock activities, Percent
Round-9
Rural Urban National
Reduced access to animal feed 4.5 76.5 11.4
Reduced access to breeding material 7.8 0.0 7.1
Reduced access to animal health services 9.2 0.0 8.3
Reduced access to markets 94.3 23.5 87.5
Compromised storage 4.1 0.0 3.7
Reduced processing capacity 0.0 0.0 0.0
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Table Locust1a. Locust invasion experience in the last production season , Percent
Round-4 Round-7
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Experienced locust 56.6 19.0 44.3 19.8 19.8
Farm has been impacted by locust 51.8 25.0 48.0 52.8 52.8
Crop damage 43.6 51.0 44.1 58.8 58.8
Grazing land damage 38.4 23.8 37.3 62.6 62.6
Tree damage 23.0 23.2 23.0 51.6 51.6
None damage 29.2 41.6 30.1 4.8 4.8
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Table Wash1a. Households had enough water and soap in the last 7 days, Percent
Round-4 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Enough drinking water 83.9 72.9 80.3 81.8 68.0 77.2
Enough water for handwashing 97.6 94.3 96.5 93.9 91.3 93.0
Enough soap for handwashing 82.2 91.8 85.4 85.1 94.3 88.1
Table Wash1b. Reasons for Not Using Water
Round-4 Round-9
Rural Urban National Rural Urban National
Water supply no longer available 49.4 39.5 45.0 66.5 43.2 56.0
Water supply reduced 36.7 56.0 45.3 25.6 54.4 38.6
Unable to access communal sources 9.5 1.9 6.1 5.3 1.9 3.8
Unable to access private sources 1.1 0.8 1.0 2.6 0.0 1.5
Other 3.2 1.9 2.6 0.0 0.4 0.2
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 42 of 47
Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Households World Bank Group
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Table Loan 1a. Households have received loans in the last year, Percent
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Before COVID-19 10.5 12.3 11.1
Since COVID-19 38.5 43.6 40.2
Table Loan 1b. Source of loan received since COVID-19
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Friend 19.8 39.8 26.9
Neighbor 36.0 21.6 30.9
Relative 19.1 18.2 18.8
Grocery/ Local Merchant 11.7 15.0 12.9
Microfinance Institution 10.2 5.8 8.6
SACCOs 6.3 4.6 5.7
Other Sources* 6.4 1.6 4.7
Note:*Five different sources
Table Loan 1c. Purpose of Loan received
Round-8
Since COVID-19
Before COVID-19
Household food and supplies 44.4 62.8
Purchase of agric. inputs (food crops) 17.5 11.3
Hospital visits healthcare 2.8 11.3
Purchase of agric. inputs (other crops) 7.6 8.5
Other reasons 41.9 17.7
Note:*Seven different sources
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 43 of 47
Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Households World Bank Group
Table Mig1. Migration during COVID-19, Percent
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Percentage of HH with someone that migrate 3.7 8.9 5.4
Regions where people migrate
Tigray 14.0 9.5 11.6
Afar 1.4 1.8 1.6
Amhara 0.5 20.5 11.3
Oromia 33.6 26.8 29.9
Somali 7.9 0.0 3.7
Benishangul 3.3 4.2 3.8
SNNP 35.1 19.1 26.4
Gambella 0.3 0.3 0.3
Harari 0.2 1.6 1.0
Addis Ababa 4.0 17.4 11.2
Dire Dawa 0.0 0.1 0.0
Outside Ethiopia 3.0 1.1 2.0
Table Mig2. Reasons to migrate and activity
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Family reasons 18.9 19.3 19.1
Lost job 7.3 19.1 13.6
Security 18.9 5.9 11.9
Domestic work 4.6 11.8 8.5
Health 1.0 3.5 2.4
Search/took job 42.9 34.2 38.2
Current activity of the migrant
Working 44.7 61.1 53.5
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 44 of 47
Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Households World Bank Group
Table Retmig1. Immigrants in the household
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Perc. Households with new members 6.0 10.9 7.6
Households with 1 new member 4.9 9.1 6.3
Households with 2 new members 1.1 1.4 1.2
Households with 3 new members 0.0 0.3 0.1
Households with 4 new members 0.0 0.1 0.0
Reasons to migrate
Family 45.3 19.8 33.3
Loss of job 17.4 20.0 18.7
Security 10.3 2.1 6.4
Domestic work 9.3 21.3 15.0
Health 1.6 16.2 8.5
Search for jobs 4.1 6.3 5.1
Education 4.4 10.9 7.5
Table Retmig2. Regions of origin
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Tigray 0.0 14.5 6.8
Afar 0.4 0.2 0.3
Amhara 22.5 19.1 20.9
Oromia 50.4 26.2 38.9
Somalie 18.9 8.3 13.9
Benshagul Gumuz 2.8 1.2 2.1
SNNP 0.9 19.0 9.4
Gambella 0.4 0.3 0.4
Harari 0.0 0.4 0.2
Addis Ababa 0.0 8.8 4.2
Dire Dawa 1.5 0.4 1.0
Outside Ethiopia 2.1 1.7 1.9
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 45 of 47
Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Households World Bank Group
By area: rural or urban
Rural-urban 22.7
Urban-rural 15.5
Urban-urban 24.5
Rural-rural 37.3
Table Retmig3. Work of new household members
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Previously working 21.9 31.0 26.2
Working in same type 31.0 71.5 52.4
Table Retmig4. Intention to return and reasons for not doing so
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Intention to return 8.8 15.4 12.0
Reasons for not returning
Security 11.7 5.2 8.9
Job opportunities 0.1 20.2 8.9
Lack of money 0.0 2.4 1.1
Hard to find jobs there 8.1 3.8 6.2
Taking care of family members 47.8 41.1 44.9
Family moved from there 6.8 16.2 10.9
Other 25.0 11.1 19.0
Table Retmig5. New household members that already left
Round-8
Rural Urban National
Perc. of new household members that left 12.7 13.3 13.0
Reasons for leaving the household
Return to work 44.5 38.3 41.7
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 46 of 47
Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Households World Bank Group
Joined family 0.6 42.4 19.5
Got married 29.5 8.9 20.2
Return to school 25.4 4.1 15.7
Other 0.0 6.3 2.9
Among those that return to work
Same job as before joining the household 12.1 10.4 11.3
Authors: Alemayehu A. Lina Marcela Cardona, Ambel, Asmelash Haile, Christina Wieser 47 of 47