QUANG NAM PROVINCE PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE QUANG NAM PROVINCE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT FOR AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT PROJECT --------------o0o-------------- ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) THE DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (WB8) THE DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT SUB-PROJECT (WB8) QUANG NAM PROVINCE QUANG NAM, JULY 2021 QUANG NAM PROVINCE QUANG NAM PROVINCE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT FOR AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT PROJECT --------------o0o-------------- ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) THE DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (WB8) THE DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT SUB-PROJECT (WB8) QUANG NAM PROVINCE PROJECT OWNER CONSULTING AGENCY QUANG NAM PROVINCE PROJECT CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT UNIT FOR RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT PROJECT QUANG NAM, JULY 2021 TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. 7 ABBREVIATION ..................................................................................................................... 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 14 1.1. Approaches and methodology ......................................................................................... 15 1.1.1. Methodology for social impact assessment ........................................................ 15 1.1.2. Methodology for environmental impact assessment .......................................... 16 1.2. Implementation of ESIA................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 2. SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................ 19 2.1. Sub-project objectives ....................................................................................................... 19 2.2. Location of the sub-project .............................................................................................. 19 2.3. Status of works and constructions items of the sub-project ....................................... 22 2.4. The excavating quantity and machinery mobilization ................................................ 41 2.4.1. Sources of materials............................................................................................ 41 2.4.2. Mobilization of vehicles and machinery for construction .................................. 44 2.4.3. Input materials for the sub-project...................................................................... 45 2.5. Auxiliary works .................................................................................................................. 46 2.5.1. Energy supply ..................................................................................................... 46 2.5.2. Infrastructure condition ...................................................................................... 46 2.5.3. Human resources needs ...................................................................................... 46 2.5.4. Disposal and materials gathering site ................................................................. 47 2.5.5. Construction roads .............................................................................................. 47 2.6. Pre-construction activities ................................................................................................ 50 2.7. Materials transportation plans ........................................................................................ 50 2.8. Operational and maintenance activities......................................................................... 51 2.9. Dam Safety Plan................................................................................................................. 51 2.10. Schedule and funding of the sub-project ....................................................................... 52 2.10.1. Sub-project schedule ....................................................................................... 52 2.10.2. Investment fund .............................................................................................. 53 CHAPTER 3. POLCY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............... 54 3.1. Vietnam legal documents.................................................................................................. 54 3.2. The World Bank Policies .................................................................................................. 57 3.2.1. Project level ........................................................................................................ 57 3.2.2. Sub-project level ................................................................................................. 57 Page | 1 CHAPTER 4. NATURAL CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ................................................................................................ 64 4.1. Natural conditions ............................................................................................................. 64 4.1.1. Geographical location ......................................................................................... 64 4.1.2. Geological characteristic .................................................................................... 64 4.1.3. Topography ......................................................................................................... 74 4.1.4. Meteorological and climatic conditions ............................................................. 75 4.1.5. Hydrological condition ....................................................................................... 75 4.1.6. Biological resources ........................................................................................... 77 4.2. Natural disaster and climate change in Quang Nam Province .................................. 78 4.3. Environmental Quality Status ......................................................................................... 80 4.4. Socio - economic conditions.............................................................................................. 89 4.4.1. Socio-economic conditions of the sub-project area ............................................ 89 4.4.2. Transportation infrastructure condition .............................................................. 91 4.4.3. Status of irrigation structures .............................................................................. 92 4.4.4. Socio economic conditions of affected households ............................................ 92 4.5. Description of sensitive infrastructure ........................................................................... 98 CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ..................... 101 5.1. Impact type and scale ...................................................................................................... 101 5.2. Positive environmental and social impacts .................................................................. 102 5.2.1. Social impacts ................................................................................................... 102 5.2.2. Environmental impacts ..................................................................................... 102 5.3. Potential negative envioronmental and social impacts .............................................. 103 5.3.1. Impacts and risks during preparation phase ..................................................... 103 5.3.2. Impacts and risks in construction phase ........................................................... 112 5.3.3. Impacts and risks in operation phase ................................................................ 141 5.4. Analysis of impact type ................................................................................................... 142 5.4.1. Accumulated impact ......................................................................................... 142 5.4.2. Direct impacts ................................................................................................... 143 5.4.3. Indirect impacts ................................................................................................ 143 5.4.4. Short-term impacts ........................................................................................... 143 5.4.5. Long-term impacts ............................................................................................ 143 CHAPTER 6. ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS .................................................................. 144 6.1. Without subproject.......................................................................................................... 144 6.2. With subproject................................................................................................................ 145 CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) 147 Page | 2 7.1. Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 147 7.2. Mitigation measures ........................................................................................................ 147 7.2.1. Mitigation measures during project preparation phase..................................... 147 7.2.2. Mitigation measures during construction phase ............................................... 148 7.2.3. Mitigation measures in operation phase ........................................................... 181 7.3. Organization of implementation ................................................................................... 182 7.3.1. Project management ......................................................................................... 182 7.3.2. Roles and responsibilities for environmental and social safety management .. 183 7.4. Environmental Compliance Framework ..................................................................... 186 7.4.1. Contractor's environmental duties .................................................................... 186 7.4.2. The Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officers .......................... 188 7.4.3. Environmental and social supervision during construction .............................. 188 7.4.4. Compliance with contractual and legal requirements....................................... 189 7.4.5. Reporting organization ..................................................................................... 189 7.5. Grievance redress mechanism ....................................................................................... 190 7.5.1. Procedures for complaints and settlement ........................................................ 190 7.5.2. Contractors and Construction Supervision Consultant ..................................... 191 7.5.3. The World Bank Grievance Redress Mechanism............................................. 192 7.6. ESMP Implementation Plan .......................................................................................... 192 7.6.1. Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan................................. 192 7.6.2. Subproject commencement and human resources ............................................ 193 7.6.3. Training on safeguard policy ............................................................................ 193 7.6.4. Training on occupational safety and health ...................................................... 193 7.6.5. Visitor orientation ............................................................................................. 193 7.6.6. Training for new workers and contractors ........................................................ 193 7.6.7. Basic occupational health and safety training .................................................. 194 7.7. Environmental monitoring plan.................................................................................... 194 7.7.1. Monitoring the compliance with mitigation measures ..................................... 194 7.7.2. Monitoring of environment quality .................................................................. 194 7.7.3. Dam safety monitoring ..................................................................................... 196 7.8. Estimated cost................................................................................................................... 196 CHAPTER 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE .. 209 8.1. Objective and method ..................................................................................................... 209 8.2. Consultation process ....................................................................................................... 210 8.2.1. Brief description of consultation process at commune/town level and mass organization .................................................................................................................... 211 8.3. Public consultation result ............................................................................................... 216 Page | 3 8.3.1. Comment of commune People’s Committee and organizations under direct impact of subproject ....................................................................................................... 216 8.3.2. Opinions from local community under direct impacts of subproject ............... 217 8.4. Responses and commitments of the Subproject owner ............................................. 220 8.5. Information dissemination ............................................................................................. 221 CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND COMMITMENT .................................. 222 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 225 Page | 4 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The members of ESIA preparation team .................................................................... 18 Table 2: Location of the reservoirs in the sub-project .............................................................. 19 Table 3: Summary of current status of the reservoir and investment scope of the sub-project 22 Table 4: Sources of construction material and transporting distance ....................................... 41 Table 5: Demand for vehicles and construction machinery for 1 construction site ................. 44 Table 6: Summary of material quantity for main construction items of the DRSIP Quang Nam Province .................................................................................................................................... 45 Table 7: Information about expected disposal sites of the works ............................................ 47 Table 8: Characteristics of materials transportation routes ...................................................... 47 Table 9: Total investment of the sub-project ............................................................................ 53 Table 10: Summary of environmental assessment process of WB & Government of Vietnam .................................................................................................................................................. 59 Table 11: Results of air environment monitoring in sub-project sites ..................................... 81 Table 12: Results of surface water quality monitoring in sub-project sites ............................. 83 Table 13: Results of groundwater quality monitoring in sub-project sites............................... 85 Table 14: Results of soil quality monitoring in sub-project sites ............................................. 87 Table 15: The situation of people, economy and society ......................................................... 89 Table 16: Agricultural production ............................................................................................ 89 Table 17: Poverty ratio ............................................................................................................. 90 Table 18: Demographic characteristics in the communes in the project area .......................... 93 Table 19: Description of sensitive structure near subproject area ............................................ 98 Table 20: Criteria for classification of negative impacts ........................................................ 101 Table 21: Sources and scales of impacts ................................................................................ 103 Table 22: Number of households affected by the implementation of the subproject ............. 106 Table 23: Allocation of permanently acquired land area of subproject ................................. 107 Table 24: Impacts on trees ...................................................................................................... 109 Table 25: Biomass of 1ha vegetation ..................................................................................... 111 Table 26: Biomass generated from vegetation clearing process in each construction ........... 112 Table 27: Sources and scale of impacts during construction phase ....................................... 113 Table 28: Total amount of excavated and embanked soil ...................................................... 115 Table 29: Dust concentration from excavation and embankment activities ........................... 116 Table 30: Emission factor ....................................................................................................... 117 Table 31: Estimated emissions generated from construction equipment ............................... 117 Table 32: Forecast results of dust and emissions generated during the transport of materials ................................................................................................................................................ 119 Page | 5 Table 33: Amount of pollutants in the welding process ......................................................... 120 Table 34: Amount of toxic gas emitted in the welding process ............................................. 120 Table 35: Noise level from construction equipment used in construction ............................. 121 Table 36: Maximum noise level by distance .......................................................................... 121 Table 37: Additional noise when many activities occur at the same location ........................ 122 Table 38: Typical vibration level of some construction equipment ....................................... 123 Table 39: The decrease of vibration level with distance in construction ............................... 123 Table 40: Amount of pollutants (for one site) ........................................................................ 124 Table 41: Pre-treated concentration of pollutants in domestic waste water ........................... 124 Table 42: Storm water runoff in each construction site.......................................................... 126 Table 43: Volume of solid waste during the construction process ......................................... 127 Table 44: Impacts to sensitive works ..................................................................................... 137 Table 45: Estimated cost of compensation and support of the subproject ............................. 148 Table 46: Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) to mitigate impacts during construction phase ....................................................................................................................................... 150 Table 47: Mitigation measures for impacts to sensitive works .............................................. 176 Table 48: Mitigation measures during operation phase.......................................................... 181 Table 49: Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders.............................................................. 184 Table 50: Reporting requirements .......................................................................................... 189 Table 51: Environmental monitoring plan during construction phase ................................... 195 Table 52: Estimated cost for monitoring the implementation of ESMP and capacity building ................................................................................................................................................ 196 Table 53: Funding sources for monitoring the ESMP ............................................................ 197 Table 54. Summary of mitigation measure ............................................................................ 198 Table 55: Organize consultations with the local community affected by the subproject ....... 213 Table 56: Community consultation results by reservoir......................................................... 218 Page | 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of construction items in the sub-project ..................................................... 21 Figure 2: Current conditions of transportation route in some areas of the sub-project ............ 50 Figure 3: Quang Nam Province administrative map ................................................................ 64 Figure 5: Literacy level of the respondents .............................................................................. 94 Figure 6: Living standards of people in the subproject area..................................................... 96 Figure 7: Illustrative image for unexploded ordnance search and demolition ....................... 111 Figure 8: The Subproject Organization .................................................................................. 183 Figure 9: The Subproject’s diagram for implementation of Environment Safeguard Policy . 184 Page | 7 ABBREVIATION Ahs/BAH Affected household CC Climate change AC/BTN Asphalt concrete CeC/BTXM Cement concrete CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DRSIP The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) DED Detail Engineering Design DOC Department of Construction DOF Department of Finance DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOT Department of Transport DPI Department of Planning and Investment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESIA Social and Environmental Impact Assessment ECOP Environmental Code of Practice IEMC Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant ESMP Environmental Social Management Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring System FS Feasibility Study MOC Ministry of Construction MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment ODA Official Development Aid PPMU Provincial Project Management Unit PPU Project Preparation Unit PSC Project Steering Committee RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework P/CPC People Committee (province, city ) URENCO Urban Environment Company WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization Page | 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project is funded by the loan of the World Bank to the Government in order to invest in improving safety for dams and related projects nationwide to ensure safety for people and socio-economic infrastructure of the downstream community in accordance with the Decree 114/2018 on Dam Safety Management in Vietnam The reservoirs in Quang Nam Province have been built for a long time, the service life is nearly 40 years. The ones with medium storage capacity, high dam, small crest, made of earth with outdated technology, will easily be eroded, collapsed, and create leakages to downstream face under impacts of strong wind and rainfall. Gravity spillway made of earth or be strengthened by stone is reaching its rotten days. Water intake conduits are mostly degraded with many cracks, subsidence points. The slope of both up and downstream faces of the dams are quite high, eroded, and not reinforced; water drainage works are insufficient; in some dams, only the dam faces are constructed by compaction; dams’ foot and crest are seepages; the dams’ spillway are narrow and not reinforced which are not qualified for flood drainage; spillway and conduits are damaged, eroded. Some reservoirs are operated by gate valve which the top of the valve is heavily damaged; there are no management roads as well as management houses to take shifts, operate and regulate the reservoirs. No monitoring, warning devices, rainfall measurement devices, flood warning systems. During rainy season, these reservoirs are at risks threatening lives of local people, properties of the people in downstream area and the state as well. With the said reasons “The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Sub Project (WB8) in Quang Nam Province” is of necessary and urgent. This is only measure to create balance between water and production land for the people to safely carry out production activities, create jobs in order to reduce poverty and prevent flooding which happens every year. Subproject description The Sub project is implemented in 14 reservoirs in the communes of Tam Dan, Tien Canh, Tien Son, Binh Lanh, Que Xuan 2, Que Phu, Que Long, Tam Nghia, Tam My Tay, Tam Hiep Duy Thu, Duy Phu, Dai Tan, Dai Chanh and Tam Anh Nam aiming at support the Dam Safety Program via rehabilitation, reinforcement and upgrade prioritized dams, strengthen management and safe operation capacity to protect the local community and socio-economic infrastructure in downstream areas. ❖Specific objectives -Rehabilitate and ensure safety of dams by fixing, upgrading degraded reservoirs and dams, or ones that are incapable of draining flood. -Improve institutional arrangement, policy on management and monitoring dam safety at national level; strengthen management and operation capacity, and information sharing within the basin. -Enhance capacity on project management and implementation, social and environmental management ❖Construction items -Rehabilitate, upgrade earth dams; reinforce dam crest; repair up and downstream faces; reconstruct water drainage systems on dam’s faces; and treat the leakage; -Repair, replace water intake conduits based on damage levels: -Reinforce, renew to increase flood drainage capacity; spillway may be widen and Page | 9 repaired if damaged, degraded; -Management road: Depending on conditions of each reservoir, concrete road will be built in accordance with regulations on rural road; -Reconstruct reservoir management house: depending on conditions of each reservoirs, Category 4 houses with electrical system, water supply will be built for reservoir operation and management; -Monitoring instruments: Construct water level measuring gauge in both up and downstream of the reservoirs. Environmental Social Impacts Assessment Report Preparation The Sub-project is designed and implemented in accordance with Environmental Social Management Framework (ESMF) of the WB’s DRSIP, and in compliance with current Vietnam regulations. The objective of the ESIA is to identify the importance of environmental and social issues in the decision-making process by assessing environmental and social impacts of the proposed subproject before undertaking the subproject activities. Early identification and characterization of important environmental and social impacts will help communities and government assess potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed subproject and apply mitigation measures to minimize the potential negative effects. The activities during the preparation, construction and operation of the Subproject are analyzed, evaluated and mitigation measures are proposed to prevent and minimize impacts on environment and human health. The result from screening process showed that 14/14 reservoirs meet the ssubproject criteria and the Subproject is classified as Category B. It also triggers 05 safeguard policies, including OP/BP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment), OP 4.09 (Pest Management), OP 4.11 (Physical Cultural Resources), OP/BP 4.37 (Safety of Dams), and OP/BP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement). Environmental impacts and mitigation measures The rehabilitation and upgrading activities of 14 reservoirs will positively change some meteorological factors in the subproject area. Stable water area will change microclimatic condition of each area in the reservoir. The subproject will increase stability on water supply for agricultural production, ensure safety for the constructions and downstream area in rain season; ensure development conditions for lakeside flora populations; create landscapes around reservoirs and local traffic. Negative impacts during subproject preparation and construction: the subproject implementation will acquire permanently 29,544 m2 belonged to 104 households (HH) in 15 communes and national defense land manage by the 885 Regiment under Quang Nam Province Military Headquarter, production forests under management of Que Long and Duy Thu Commune People’s Committee (CPC). Of which, production forest is taken the most (92.98%), agricultural and residential area has small acquisition ratio (<10%). Total affected households (AH) of this Sub-project is 104; Among them; (i) 02 AHs are permanently affected (01 needs to relocate and resettle); (ii) 01 HH is permanently affected regarding land for perennial trees; (iii) production forests of 84 HHs are permanently affected (acacia, cajuput); (iv) graves of 02 HHs are affected; (v) 07 HHs are temporarily affected on their aquaculture activities; and (v) 08 HHs are temporarily affected on production forest. Besides, of 104 AHs, there are: (i) 18 HHs are in vulnerable group; (ii) 01 HH is affected on land for business activities; and (iii) 07 HHs are seriously affected on land. Details on area, number of AHs are presented in the Resettlement Action Plan of the sub-project Besides, potential impacts related to construction activities such as noise, vibration; dust and exhaust from vehicle and machineries during construction phase; impacts on water quality and soil because of waste, land slide, deposition, social dispute between workers and local people, traffic disorder, accident risk, etc. The assessment results show that impacts of the Page | 10 sub-project are not significant due to scale of each construction is rather small; the mobilized vehicle and machineries, and workers also show a small figure. The impacts are also in small, localized and temporary. The E&S risks are considered from low to medium levels. The mitigation measures for negative impacts are proposed during the subproject preparation and construction: The impacts of land acquisition will be minimized through the resettlement plan and environmental impacts during the construction phase and will be mitigated through the application of ECOP and specific mitigation measures. Potential impacts during the sub-project operation such as domestic solid waste and waste water from daily activities of staffs operating reservoirs; toxic waste from maintaining and operating water intake conduits, subsidence monitoring for dam body; fertilizer and pesticide packaging from crop production; risk of being drowned or dam break. The impacts are assessed to be Low and can be mitigated through mitigation measures, propaganda to raise awareness of local people, as well as constructional measures. The mitigation measures for negative impacts are proposed during operation: The analysis of meteorological and hydrological conditions and sedimentation rates before and after construction were analyzed in detail at the technical design stage to ensure that the Subproject will not negatively affect the reservoir volume, dam size and auxiliary structures, irrigation planning and local living habits. The PPMU regularly monitors the damage to the structures to be repaired or rehabilitated in a timely manner according to the approved documents. Implementation Arrangements The CPMU recruits and hires independent monitoring consultants and project support consultants to conduct independent monitoring and regular supports of project activities. They will assess the compliance with the safeguard policies and the implementation of the tools in practice. There are Environmental Management Plan/Environment Codes of Practice (ECOP), Resettlement Policy Framework/Resettlement Action Plan, Ethnic Minority Development Plan, and Gender Action Plan. For this Sub-project, the PPMU is responsible for the implementation and monitoring of implementation of recommendations from the Contractor's environmental and social management plan (CESMP), ensuring that tenders and contracts include environmental covenants for Contractors’ compliance. The Contractors will carry out construction activities and comply with environmental covenants in the contracts. The CESMP is prepared and submitted for the PPMU’s review and approval and sent to relevant units and disseminated to the community in accordance with the law of Vietnam before the Contractor commence the construction activities. The PPMU and its Consultants will monitor the compliance with the mitigation measures agreed with the Contractors. In addition, the Contractors’ compliance will be closely monitored by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Quang Nam Province, local authorities and local people. Capacity building During the implementation, the PPMU has received supports from the CPMU on the World Bank's environmental safeguard policy. CPMU and PPMU staff has been trained by the World Bank safeguard specialists on environmental safeguard policies to address the WB’s operational policy requirements for the Subproject implementation such as OP4.01 (Environmental Assessment), General Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) by IFC, OP 4.04 (Natural Habitats), OP 4.10 (Indigenous Peoples) and OP4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement) etc. During the subproject implementation, the training on the environmental safeguard policy by the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and Contractor's EHS staff is regularly organized to update the relevant information. The PPMU, during the subproject implementation, receives regular supports from the Independent Monitoring Consultant and Technical Assistance Consultant on the CPMU's safeguard policy Page | 11 relating on the management of dam safety risks, monitoring the implementation of the ESMP. Cost estimation for ESMP implementation The costs estimated for the ESMP implementation include monitoring, implementation of mitigation measures and capacity building. The cost of implementing mitigation measures will be included in the construction cost No. Activity Cost (VNĐ) 1 Monitoring the ESMP implementation 256,449,600 2 Capacity building 672,000,000 Total 928,449,600 The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) Complaints related to the Subproject will be resolved by negotiations to reach consensus with locally-affected people. Complaints will be resolved through three stages before submission to court pursuant to the provisions of the Law on Complaints in 2011. The PPMU will pay all administrative and legal fees related to the receipt of complaints as it is included in the Sub- project budget. Public consultation and Information disclosure Public consultation: The subproject has applied different methods and techniques to conduct community consultations, including a) community meetings, b) household surveys, c) focus group discussions, field monitoring and key informant interviews. The use of these methods and techniques is to improve the reliability and effectiveness of feedbacks from the subproject stakeholders, especially the locally-affected people and to ensure that (i) the affected households receive full information about the Subproject; and (ii) all affected households are involved in the free and informed consultation process during the preparation and implementation process. Face-to-face consultation meetings with affected people (426 people from 15 communes), local NGOs (2 representatives of NGOs were invited) were conducted on April and May 2018. In August 2018, the draft ESIA was sent to consult the local authorities in the subproject area (Chairman or Vice Chairman of CPCs, Fatherland Front Committee, Farmer Union, Women Union, Youth Union, Cadastral officer). The further consultation will be conducted regularly during construction to promptly address issues related to environmental impact assessment. Information disclosure: In compliance with OP 4.01 policy and the World Bank's policy on access to information, during subproject preparation, the subproject information has been disclosed to the local communities and authorities through mass media. The PPMU conducted the first public consultation in April and May 2018. The draft ESIA in Vietnamese was sent to the CPCs for information dissemination purpose, and to consult local authorities, Fatherland Front Committees in August 2018. The final ESIA report is planned to be disclosed on the project’s website and subproject sites on December 2018 accessible to locally-affected people and local NGOs in Vietnamese language and the WB’s external website in English prior to subproject appraisal. Conclusion he Subproject: "Rehabilitation and Improvement of Dam Safety" of Quang Nam Province may cause negative impacts during implementation, however, due to the small scale of proposed construction works, the impacts are considered short-term, localized, and negligible. Thus, proposed mitigation measures are considered appropriate to the context of the subproject. Page | 12 An environmental and social management plan has been prepared as part of the ESIA to monitor and supervise subproject’s impacts in order to regularly update PPMU, and the local people and authorities on the subproject implementation progress regarding environmental and social aspects. The supervision consultant shall supervise and monthly report the subproject’s safeguard compliance to the PPMU. Page | 13 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Vietnam is one of the nations that own large networks of dams and hydraulic infrastructure in the world, including 7,000 dams of different types and sizes. More than 750 dams are able to be classified as large dams (the height is over 15m high or between 5 and 15m with the water reservoir storage in excess of 3,000,000 m3). The number of small dams (the height is less than 15m with the water reservoir storage lower than 3,000,000 m3) is estimated to be over 6,000, which are mainly earth dams. Of the total 4,000,000 ha of agricultural land, more than 3,000,000 ha are irrigated by 6,648 dams. Many small-medium reservoirs were built since 1960s with limited technical surveys, designs and construction in addition to limited and slow operation and maintenance. As a consequence, many have been degraded, unsafe and failed to meet the international safety standards. In addition, increasing risks of unstable hydrology due to climate change and massive upstream development make reservoirs at risks of subsidence of major structures, seepage to main dams and/or subsidiary dams/surrounding water-intake works, deformation of upstream/downstream slopes, spillway incidents etc. Recognizing of the importance of infrastructure for the country’s sustainable economic growth, the Government launched a multi-sector program in 2003, including the “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project”(DRSIP) financed by the World Bank, which supports dam safety and reservoirs and operational safety to downstream populations and socio-economic infrastructure that are at risk, ensures the downstream integrated development planning and strengthens institutional coordination and future development and safe operation of reservoirs. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) is responsible for the implementation and management of the entire project. The Provinces repair and upgrade dams under Component 1 and MARD will coordinate activities with the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) and MONRE under Component 2. The CPMU (under MARD) is responsible for coordinating and monitoring the entire project. The repair and preparation of dam safety plans, including protection and commissioning, are centered on provincial government. The Provincial People's Committee (PPC), the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) are the managers at the provincial level. The PPMU is responsible for managing and supervising the works with the support from the CPO. The selection of rehabilitation dams by the Project was based on unified criteria, probability and severity of incidents and risks to human and socio-economic infrastructure, paying importance of economic benefits in the poverty and inequality framework. The assessment criteria for dam safety include: (i) dam incident probability (structural risk that is based on height and capacity); (ii) impact of dam incident on downstream people; (iii) impact of dam incident on downstream infrastructure, (iv) context of poverty and impact, (v) areas of ethnic minorities; and (vi) the readiness. The Project is implemented in 34 provinces in the North, Central and Highlands. There are about 450 selected dams. The project components include: -Component 1: Dam Safety Rehabilitation (US$ 412 million, of which IDA’s funding is US$ 388.5 million) -Component 2: Dam Safety Management (US$ 20 million, of which IDA’s funding is US$ 17 million) -Component 3: Subproject Management Support (US$ 11 million, of which IDA’s funding is US$ 9.5 million) In the second year, the Project will support the repair and solidification of related Page | 14 infrastructure and dams. About 90% of the proposed dams are earth dams which are less than 15m high and their design capacity are less than 3 million m3. The Project does not invest in completely changing existing structure or new construction or expansion of main structure but focuses on repairing and re-shaping structure of main dams, secondary dams, strengthening upstream slope by concrete and stones, reinforcing or expanding spillways to increase drainage capacity, repair or rehabilitation of existing intake culverts, replacement of hydraulic system at sluice gates (intake culverts) and spillway gate, drilling for waterproofing of the main dam bodies, upgrading service roads. The Project is expected for 6 years, 08/7/2016 - 30/6/2022. With regard to the environmental protection, the ESMF of the first year of the Project was approved in 2015. The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the next years of the subprojects will follow the project progress the CPMU, the PPMU and the World Bank agreed. In Quang Nam Province, the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Subproject is to ensure the safety of the reservoirs through the repair and rehabilitation of 14 dams and strengthening related infrastructures; to actively manage irrigation water, to strengthen management and operation capacity to protect inhabitants and socio-economic infrastructure in 15 communes in 7 districts of Quang Nam Province (including Nui Thanh, Phu Ninh, Tien Phuoc, Que Son, Thang Binh, Dai Loc and Duy Xuyen). 1.1. Approaches and methodology The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is implemented in accordance with the World Bank’s regulations and the Law on Environmental Protection and other laws and regulations of the Government of Vietnam. The purpose of the ESIA is to identify the importance of environmental and social issues in the decision-making process by assessing environmental and social consequences of the proposed research before undertaking the project activities. Early identification and characterization of important environmental and social impacts will help communities and governments assess potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed subproject and apply mitigation measures to minimize the risk of such effects. 1.1.1.Methodology for social impact assessment The objectives of the social assessment (SA), in parallel with the environmental assessment of the Subproject, include: First, it examines potential impacts of the subproject–positive and negative–on the basis of planned subproject activities. Second, it finds from the design of measures addressing potential adverse impact and proposing community development activities that are relevant to the project development objectives. For identified adverse impacts, consultation with local people, governmental agencies, project stakeholders, etc., were carried out to ensure that affected people will be appropriately compensated and supported in a manner that their socioeconomic activities will be promptly and fully restored to the pre- project level, at least, and that their livelihoods will not be worse off, in the long run, as a result of the subprojects. A part of the social assessment is ethnic minority (EM) peoples who are living in the subproject area and are confirmed by the EM screening (WB’s OP 4.10). The consultations with them were carried out in a free, prior, and informed manner to confirm supports for affected EM peoples when there is the subproject implementation. The EM screening was conducted based on WB’s OP 4.10 and implemented within the social assessment scope and area corresponding to the scope of the environmental assessment (according to OP 4.01). A gender analysis in the subproject area was also done as part of the SA to understand gender Page | 15 features in the subproject area to enable gender mainstreaming to gender equality improvement and to enhance further development effectiveness of the subprojects and the Project as a whole. Depending on the magnitude of the identified potential project impacts and the project development objectives, a gender action plan and a gender monitoring plan were prepared. To ensure that any potential impacts can be identified during the project preparation, the SA was conducted through series of consultations with the stakeholders. A particular focus was the households which are potentially affected (both positively and adversely) by the Subproject. The assessment techniques for this SA include 1) review of secondary data, 2) field observations; 3) focus groups discussions/community meetings, 4) key informant interview, and 5) households survey. 1.1.2.Methodology for environmental impact assessment During the ESIA survey and report preparation, the Consultant Agency used a combination of the following methods. (a) Rapid assessment method The Rapid Assessment Method was issued by the World Health Organization in 1993. The basis of this method is based on the nature of material, technology, rules of processes in nature and experience to quantify pollutant discharge load. In Vietnam, it has been introduced and applied in many CESMP studies, which performs relatively accurately the calculation of pollutant discharge under limited conditions of instrumentation and analysis. In this report, the pollutant discharge coefficients are taken from the World Bank’s Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991). (b) Impact matrix method Establishing correlation between impact of each project activity on each issue and environmental component as shown on the impact matrix, which is basic for the focus on detailed contents of impact study. (c) Comparative method The comparison method is to evaluate the environmental quality, effluent discharge quality, pollutant discharge load... on the basis of comparison with the relevant environmental standards and regulations of MONRE and MOH as well as related research and experiment topics. (d) Description of environmental system Identifying subproject components that affect the environment and identifying in full effluents, related environmental issues for detailed assessment. (e) Enumerating method It is used extensively (since the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) has been established in some countries) and yields positive results thank to its advantages as mentioned above such as clear approach and systematic supply during system analysis and evaluation. There are two main construction items: A descriptive list of the environmental components to be studied along with measurement, forecasting and evaluation, a simple list of environmental components which are likely affected to be studied. (f) System analysis method This method is quite popular in the environment assessment. The advantage of this approach is the comprehensive assessment of impacts, which is very useful in identifying impacts and sources of waste. It is based on the assessment of waste sources, impacted objects, Page | 16 environmental components, etc., as the elements in a system have close relationship with each other, thereby, we can identify, analyze, and evaluate impacts. (g) Community consultation method This method is used during interviews with local leaders and local people to gather necessary information for the Subproject's ESIA preparation, introduction of benefits and possible negative impacts of the Subproject on the environment and the life. Based on that, we can aggregate feedback and aspirations of local people. On the other hand, we can directly interview local officials and local people on socio- economic development, farming practices and environmental sanitation. (h) Data collection and analysis method This method aims at identifying and evaluating natural and socio-economic conditions in the subproject area through data and information collected from different sources like statistical yearbook, socio-economic report, current status of environment and related research works. (i) Field survey method Field survey is required when carrying out the assessment of social and environmental impacts to determine the current status of the subproject area, related objects and to select sampling locations, survey of status of water supply, drainage, electricity supply etc. The consulting agency carried out topographical and geological surveys and collected hydro meteorological data for design in accordance with the current standards of Vietnam. These survey results are used to assess the natural conditions in the subproject area. (j) Expert panel method Based on the knowledge and experience of environmental science of environmental impact assessment experts of the Consultancy Agency and other scientific research agencies. (k) Sampling and laboratory analysis method Sampling and analysis of environmental components (soil, water, and air) is indispensable in identifying and assessing the status of baseline environment quality in the subproject area. After field survey, the sampling and analysis program will be developed with the main contents as sampling locations, measurement and analysis parameters, manpower, equipment and tools in need, implementation time, sample preservation plan, analysis plan etc. For the subproject in Quang Nam Province, the Consultant coordinated with the Quang Nam PMU to monitor, take and analyze samples of air, water and soil in 11 reservoirs to assess the current quality of environment components. The sampling, analysis and preservation are in accordance with the concerned current standards of Vietnam. 1.2. Implementation of ESIA The Management Unit for Agricultural and Rural Development Investment Construction Project of Quang Nam Province (Quang Nam PMU) is the sub-project owner. It has signed contract with Center for Environmental Research (CENRE) regarding preparation of the ESIA for this sub-project. Sub-project owner: The Management Unit for Agricultural and Rural Development Investment Construction Project of Quang Nam Province -Representative: Mr. Do Thanh Lam Position: Deputy Director -Address: No. 28 Tran Phu, Tam Ky City, Quang Nam Province -Phone: 02353.811.706; Fax: 02353.859.177 Page | 17 Consultant: Center for Environmental Research - Vietnam Institute of Meteorology Hydrology and Climate Change -Representative: Mr. Le Ngoc Cau Position: Director -Address: No. 23/62, Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da, Ha Noi -Phone: (024) 3.7733.159; Fax: (024) 37733159 The members of ESIA preparation team are presented in Table 1. Table 1: The members of ESIA preparation team No. Name Major Duty I Project owner Water Resources 1. Do Thanh Lam Deputy Director of Quang Nam PMU Engineering Water Resources 2. Le Van Luc Technical Staff Engineering II Consultant 1. Le Ngoc Cau PhD. Environment Team leader/In charge of preparing the report MSc. Environment Community consultation; Preparing 2. Doan Manh Hung Environmental impact assessment report BSc. Environment Community consultation; Social impact 3. Nguyen Hang Nga assessment 4. Le Cong Binh Civil Engineer Field survey; environmental impact assessment 5. Le Thi Huong MSc. Environment Field survey; environmental impact assessment BSc. Environment Preparing Environmental impact assessment 6. Do Thi Thanh Binh report MSc. Environment Preparing Environmental impact assessment 7. Ngo Thi Van Anh report MSc. Environment Community consultation; Social impact 8. Tran Thi Dieu Hang assessment; preparing Resettlement Action Plan BSc. Samples analyzing. 9. Nguyen Thi Kim Anh Environmental Preparing Environmental impact assessment Chemistry report Page | 18 CHAPTER 2. SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION “Dam rehabilitation and safety improvement (WB8) - Quang Nam Province Sub-project” is going to be implemented in 15 communes of 7 districts in Quang Nam Province. Reservoirs in Quang Nam Province were built long time ago, with most of them having 40 years of service life. These dams are small and made of earth, with eroded faces and leakage. Most of dam’s spillway are deteriorated leading to frequent repair, especially with the ones on natural land which are not satisfied for flood prevention duty. Water intake culverts have been damaged and have to manually operate. Seepage and subsidence monitoring systems have not yet been constructed. 2.1. Sub-project objectives Rehabilitating and ensuring the safety of the works through repairing, upgrade the deteriorated or unable to perform flood discharge operation. Improving institutional arrangement, policies on management and monitoring of dams at national level, strengthening management and operation capacity together with information sharing mechanism in river basin. Improving project management and implementation capacity for social and environmental projects. 2.2. Location of the sub-project Dam rehabilitation and safety improvement (WB8) - Quang Nam Province Sub-project aims at repair the dams that are deteriorated or unable to perform flood discharge operation. 14 reservoirs in this sub-project are situated in 15 communes of 7 districts (Nui Thanh, Phu Ninh, Tien Phuoc, Que Son, Thang Binh, Dai Loc, and Duy Xuyen) of Quang Nam Province. Map showing locations of these 14 reservoirs are presented in Figure 1 and Table 2. Table 2: Location of the reservoirs in the sub-project Constr Coordinate Reservoir (VN2000) No. uction Location name level X (m) Y (m) 1 Ho May III Tam Nghia commune, Nui Thanh district 598,940 1,701,467 2 Dap Da III Tam Dan commune, Phu Ninh district 570,402 1,714,299 3 Da Vach III Tien Canh commune, Tien Phuoc district 557,699 1,709,730 Village 1, Tien Son commune, Tien Phuoc 4 Thang Loi III district 558,977 1,722,819 5 Dong Nhon III Tam My commune, Nui Thanh district 591,208 1,702,427 Loc Thuong 2 village, Que Long commune, Que 6 Ho Giang II Son district 546,173 1,734,024 La Nga village, Binh Lanh commune, Thang 7 Cao Ngan II Binh district 554,196 1,727,376 Ngoc Giap village, Tam Dan commune, Phu 8 Ho Lau III Ninh district 568,743 1,714,237 9 Ho Trau III Tam Hiep commune, Nui Thanh district 591,654 1,705,822 10 Hoc Ket III Duy Thu commune, Duy Xuyen district 531,767 1,744,111 Nam Phuoc village, Dai Tan commune, Dai Loc 11 Ho Chinh III district 528,281 1,750,063 12 Huong Mao III Phu Tho commune, Que Son district 557,558 1,742,177 Page | 19 Constr Coordinate Reservoir (VN2000) No. uction Location name level X (m) Y (m) 13 Hoc Bau IV Duy Phu commune, Duy Xuyen district 538,234 1,745,274 14 Thai Xuan II Tam Anh Nam commune, Nui Thanh district 589,481 1,707,283 Page | 20 Figure 1: Location of construction items in the sub-project Page | 21 2.3. Status of works and constructions items of the sub-project Table 3: Summary of current status of the reservoir and investment scope of the sub-project Current status Scope of investment Pictures 1. Ho May -Location: An Thien village, Tam Nghia commune, Nui a. Main and secondary dam Thanh district. -Dam crest: reinforced by concrete M250 with 2x4 -Reservoirs specification: gravel 20cm of thickness, constructed by • Sub-catchment area: 2.87 km2. compaction method which extends dam crest to downstream area • Spillway elevation: +17.9 m. • Main dam: B = 6.0m, L = 127.8m, H = 12.3m, Z = • Dead water level: +9.1 m. 21.5m • Storage capacity (Wh): 1,878*106 m3. • Secondary dam: B = 6.0m, L = 221.14m, H = • Regulating scheme: Yearly. 10.3m, Z = 21.5m Main dam -Duty: Ho May reservoir was built from 1982 and finished -Upstream face: reinforced by dry masonry in on 1984. The reservoir is responsible for supplying water to 10x10m concrete M260 frame; each frame is irrigate 300 ha crop land of An Thien village, Tam Nghia divided into 4.7 x 4.7 square with height of 0.6m commune, Nui Thanh district, and also stop peak flood for and width of 0.2m. the downstream area. -Downstream face: newly constructed; grass is -Headworks planted in M200 concrete box with bottom width of • Main dam: Earth dam, L = 117m, B = 3.0m, H = 14m. 30cm. Water draining on dowstream face of dam • Secondary dam: Earth dam, L = 100m, B = 3.25m, H = abuttment with dimension of BxH = 0.5x0.4. 12m. -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam -Weir: reinforced concrete, broad crested weir, gravitional foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of Downstream face of main dam flow. Weir’s width is 11m; water slide and energy cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the dissipation tank are made of reinforced concrete. In dam body. general, the weir is in good condition, except for some b. Weir small damages needed to repair. -Upgrade by reinforced concrete M300. Strengthen -Water intake culvert: Broken downstream side of the weir and dredge upstream -Management road: made of earth, average width 2-3m; side to ensure flood relief. some parts are muddy making it difficult to travel c. Water intake culverts in main and secondary especially in rain season. dam Page | 22 - Manegement house + subsidence and seepage monitoring -Repair by putting steel pipes with diameter of systems + electricity for management and operation: not 400mm and thickness of 10mm into old ones; available. adding butterfly valve at dowstream side for operation d. Management house -Not invest e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 5.0m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness Water intake culvert in secondary dam level K = 0.95 -Management road: Newly constructed; rural road category B; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 530m, Bfoudation = 5.0 m, Bsurface = 3.5m. f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations. 2. Dap Da -Location: Tam Dan commune, Phu Ninh district. a. Main dam -Reservoirs specification: -Dam crest: strengthened by reinforced concrete • Sub-catchment area: 1,285 km2. M250 with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed by compaction method which extends • Spillway elevation: +48.8 m. dam crest to downstream area. Main dam: B = • Dead water level: +43.0 m. 6.0m, L = 115m, H = 12.7m, Z = 53.3m • Storage capacity (Wh): 796* 103 m3. -Upstream face: newly contruct by dry masonry in • Regulating scheme: Yearly. 10x10m concrete M260 frame; each frame is -Duty: The construction of Dap Da Reservoir commenced in divided into 4.7 x 4.7 square with height of 0.6m and width of 0.2m. Earth dam 1985 and completed in 1986. It has function of supplying water to irrigate 35ha of crop land, reserving water for -Downstream face: newly constructed; grass is forest fire prevention, aquaculture development, and planted in M200 concrete box with bottom width of improving humidity for ambient environment. 30cm. Water draining on dowstream face of dam -Headworks: Main dam: Earth dam, L = 110m, B = 3.0m, H abuttment with dimension of BxH = 0.5x0.4. Page | 23 = 12m. -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam -Weir: damaged and unsafe to operate foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the -Water intake culvert: damaged dam body. -Management road: inter village road connecting to right side of b. Weir the dam with length of 495m, width of 2m; it needs to be expanded to transport construction materials, and for operation -Upgrading by reinforced concrete M300. Strengthen and management later on. downstream side of the weir and dredge upstream side to ensure flood relief. -Manegement house + subsidence and seepage monitoring systems + electricity for management and operation: not -Newly construct an over-weir bridge, B = 6.0m Water intake culvert available. c. Water intake culvert -Newly construct with steel pipe wrapped with concrete; diameter: 400mm, 10mm thick steel pipe, reinforced concrete M250 with thickness of 30cm d. Management house -Not invest e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 5.0m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness Path to dam level K = 0.95 -Management road: Newly constructed; rural road category B; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 495.50m, Bfoudation = 5.0 m, Bsurface = 3.5m f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations. 3. Da Vach Page | 24 -Location: Tien Canh Commune, Tien Phuoc District a. Main dam -Reservoirs specification: -Strengthened by reinforced concrete M250 with 2x4 • Sub-catchment area: 5.21 km2. gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed by compaction method which extends dam crest to • Average water level: +88.12 m. downstream area. Main dam dimension: B = 5.0m, • Dead water level: +83.0 m. L = 171.1m, H = 14.7m, Z = 92.15m • Storage capacity (Wh): 800*103 m3. -Upstream face: newly construct by dry masonry in • Regulating scheme: Yearly. 10x10m concrete M260 frame; each frame is -Duty: The construction of Da Vach reservoir commenced divided into 4.7 x 4.7 square with height of 0.6m and width of 0.2m. Earth dam on 1978 and completed on 1980. It is responsible for providing water for 31 ha crop land of Tien Canh commune -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted -Headworks: Main dam: Earth dam, L = 170m, B = 3.5m, H in M200 concrete box with bottom width of 30cm. = 14.7m. Water draining on dowstream face of dam -Weir: free spillway with elevation of +88.12. The one end abuttment with dimension of BxH = 0.5x0.4. has trapezoidal crossection with dimention of 40m length, -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam 14.8m wide. It has currently been damaged and unsafe to foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of operate. cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the -Water intake culvert: the operating device is corroded dam body. creating gaps when closed causing water loss. Therefore, an b. Weir Weir inlet and over-weir bridge upgrade is needed. -Newly construct by reinforced concrete M300. -Local road from TL 616 to main dam has length of 650m, Strengthen downstream side of the weir and dredge average width of 3.5m, with 2.5 concrete surface, which is upstream side to ensure flood relief. appropriate for management and operation of the reservoir. -Newly construct an overweir bridge with length of However, it needs to be widen to transport construction 23,4m, consisting of 2 broad spans with width of materials. 7m, designed load H13. - Manegement house + subsidence and seepage monitoring c. Water intake culvert systems + electricity for management and operation: not -Repair by putting steel pipes with diameter of available 400mm and thickness of 10mm into old ones; Valve tower for water intake culvert adding butterfly valve at dowstream side for operation. d. Management house -The management house is Category IV type, S = Page | 25 16m2, with equipement for management and operation. e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 5.0m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness level K = 0.95 -Management road: Newly construct; rural road category B; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 495.50m, Bfoudation = 5.0 m, Bsurface = 3.5m. f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations 4. Thang Loi -Location: Tien Son commune, Tien Phuoc District a. Main dam -Reservoir specification: -Dam crest: Strengthened by reinforced concrete • Catchment area: 0.6 km2. M250 with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed by compaction method which extends • Weir level: +231.5 m. dam crest to downstream area. Main dam • Storage capacity (Wh): 0.3*106 m3. dimension: B = 5.0m, L = 88.0m, H = 8.96m, Z = • Regulating scheme: Yearly 234m -Duty: irrigating for about 20ha crop land and supplying -Upstream face: newly construct by dry masonry in Dam body water for domestic use to local people. 10x10m concrete M260 frame; each frame is -Headworks divided into 4.7 x 4.7 square with height of 0.6m • Current elevation is +234.00m, which is still in safe range, and width of 0.2m. thus there is no need to increase the elevation. -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted • Current width of dam crest: B ~ 3.3m. in M200 concrete box with bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on dowstream face of dam • Dam height: H~9.00m Weir body abuttment with dimension of BxH = 0.5x0.4. -Construction road: Asphalt road and blistered. -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam -Water intake culvert: Irrigated area: about 20ha, diameter of foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of the culver: 50. cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the -Management house: Not available dam body. Page | 26 b. Weir -Newly construct by reinforced concrete M300. Strengthen downstream side of the weir and dredge upstream side to ensure flood relief.Newly construct over weir bridge with M300 reinforced concrete, bridge width of 5.0m Water intake culvert c. Water intake culvert -Newly construct with steel pipe wrapped with concrete; diameter: 400mm, 10mm thick steel pipe, reinforced concrete M300 with thickness of 30cm. d. Management house -Not invest e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 6.0m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness level K = 0.95 -Management road: rural road category A; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 237.35m, Bfoudation = 6.0 m, Bsurface = 3.5m f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations. 5. Dong Nhon -Location: At KM No.7, TL617, Tam My Tay commune, a. Main and secondary dam Nui Thanh District. -Dam crest: Strengthened by reinforced concrete -Reservoir specification: M250 with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, • Catchment area: 2.050 km2. constructed by compaction method which extends dam crest to downstream area. • Weir elevation: +20.45 m. • Main dam: B = 6.0m, L = 282.9m, H = 12.8m, Z = • Dead water level:+15.2 m. 22.95m • Storage capacity (Wh): 2.93* 106 m3. • Secondary dam 1: B = 6.0m, L = 276.75m, H = Page | 27 • Regulating scheme: yearly 7.6m, Z = 22.95m Main dam -Duty: The construction of Dong Nhon reservoir • Secondary dam 2: B = 6.0m, L = 307.93m, H = commenced on 1988. It is responsible for providing water 7.5m, Z = 22.95m for 200ha crop land, domestic uses, and also stop flood -Upstream face: newly construct by dry masonry in discharge for the downstream area 10x10m concrete M260 frame; each frame is -Headworks: divided into 4.7 x 4.7 square with height of 0.6m • Main dam: earth dam, L = 279m, B = 4.5m, H = 12.3m. and width of 0.2m. • Secondary dam 1, earth dam: L = 300m, B = 4.2m, H = -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted 7.6m. in M200 concrete box with bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on dowstream face of dam • Secondary dam 2: earth dam, L = 250m, B = 3.6m, H = Northern water intake culvert +Secondary abuttment with dimension of BxH = 0.5x0.4. 7.5m. dam no.2 -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam -Weir: Broad crested free weir with width of 12.9m, overflow foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of weir elevation: +20.45. After overflow weir is water slope, cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the which is damaged and unsafe to operate. dam body. -Water intake culvert: northern and southern culverts are b. Weir deteriorated and difficult to operate. -Upgrade and repair by reinforced concrete M300. -Management road: There are 2 paths to the dam. Path 1 has Strengthen downstream side of the weir and dredge length of 86m connecting TL 617 to main dam left upstream side to ensure flood relief shoulder. Path 2 links TL 617 to the right shoulder of secondary dam no.2. These are earth road with average c. Water intake culver in main and secondary dam width of 3m, and need to be widen to transport -Repair by putting steel pipes with diameter of Water intake culvert in main dam construction materials and for management and operation 600mm and thickness of 10mm into old ones; later on. adding butterfly valve at dowstream side for - Manegement house + subsidence and seepage monitoring operation. systems + electricity for management and operation: not d. Management house available -Not invest e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 5.0m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness level K = 0.95 -Management road: rural road category B; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 606m, Bfoundation = Page | 28 5.0m, Bsurface= 3.5m. f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations. 6. Ho Giang -Location: Que Long commune, Que Son District a. Main and secondary dam -Reservoir specification: -Dam crest: Strengthened by reinforced concrete • Catchment area: 8.05 km2. M250 with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed by compaction method which extends • Overflow weir level: +63.3 m. dam crest to downstream area. Dam crest • Storage capacity (Wh): 5.05*106 m3. • Main dam: B = 5.0m, L = 358m, H = 17.48m, Z = • Regulating scheme: Yearly. 68m -Duty: The construction of the reservoir commenced on • Secondary dam: B = 5.0m, L = 102.0m, H = 15.0m, 1982 and completed on 1985. It irrigates 500ha crop land in Z = 58m Que Long commune, supplies domestic water for local -Upstream face: newly construct by dry masonry in people, and contributes to prevent flood for downstream 10x10m concrete M260 frame; each frame is Weir area. divided into 4.7 x 4.7 square with height of 0.6m -Headworks and width of 0.2m. • Current crest level is +68.00m, which is still safe and does -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted not need to increase. in M200 concrete frame with ridge depth of 30cm • Crest width is ~ 5.0m. with bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on • Dam height ~17.50m dowstream face of dam abuttment with dimension -Construction road: Is earth road leading to dam foot, and is of BxH = 0.5x0.4. difficult to travel on. -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of Water intake culvert -Water intake culvert: Dimension 0.8x1.2m. It is degraded, the concrete cover is falling down, there are signs of leakage. cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the dam body. -Management house: not available b. Weir -The structure is remained, only weir surface is reinforced. -Newly construct an over weir bridge with B = 5.0m. Page | 29 c. Water intake culver in main and secondary dam -Repair by putting steel pipes with diameter of 600mm and thickness of 10mm into old ones; adding butterfly valve at dowstream side for operation. d. Management house -One storey, category IV house is built with S = 76m2, Equioment for management and operation are to be installed. e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 6.0m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness level K = 0.95 -Management road: rural road category A; concrete road of thickness 18cm, -, L = 468m, Bfoundatio = 5.0m, Bsurface = 3.5m. f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations. Page | 30 7. Cao Ngan -Location: Binh Lanh commune, Thang Binh district. a. Main and secondary dam -Reservoir specification: -Dam crest: Strengthened by reinforced concrete • Catchment area: 4.87 km2. M250 with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed by compaction method which extends • Overflow weir level: +61.45 m. dam crest to downstream area. • Storage capacity (Wh): 3.8*106 m3. • Main dam: B = 5.0m, L = 220m, H = 20.38m, Z = • Regulating scheme: yearly. 64.4m -Duty: The construction of the reservoir commenced on • Secondary dam: B = 5.0m, L = 252m, H = 13.4m, Z Dam crest 1985 and completed on 1986. It provides water for 300ha = 64.4m cropland of Binh Lanh and Binh Tri commune, and -Upstream face: Unchanged domestic water for local people, contribute to prevent flood to downstream area.. -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted in M200 concrete frame with ridge depth of 30cm -Headworks with bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on • Dam elevation is +64.40m, which is still safe, and does not dowstream face of dam abuttment with dimension need to increase. of BxH = 0.5x0.4. Weir • Current dam crest width Bht ~ 3.10m. -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam • Dam height H~20.40m foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of -Construction road: is concrete road leading to dam foot with cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the average width of 3.0-3.5m. dam body. -Water intake culvert: Irrigated area is 200 ha. Current b. Weir dimension is 0.8x1.0 m -Upgrade and repair by reinforced concrete M300. -Management house: Has been used for more than 30 years, Strengthen downstream side of the weir and dredge and been degraded recently upstream side to ensure flood relief function. c. Water intake culvert in main and secondary dam -Repair by putting steel pipes with diameter of 400mm and thickness of 10mm into old ones; Water intake culvert adding butterfly valve at dowstream side for operation. d. Management house -One storey, category IV house is built with S = Page | 31 76m2, Equioment for management and operation are to be installed. e. Management road -Not invest f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations. 8. Ho Lau -Location: Tam Dan commune, Phu Ninh district a. Main dam and sub dam -Reservoir specification: -Crest: Strengthened by reinforced concrete M250 • Catchment area: 1.4 km2. with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed by compaction method which extends dam crest to • Crest level: +96.2 m. downstream area. • Storage capacity (Wh): 1.04*106 m3. • Main dam: B = 7.0m, L = 133.5m, H = 13.76m, Z = • Regulating scheme: Yearly 99.0m -Duty: irrigates for 85ha crop land of Tam Dan commune, Dam crest • Secondary dam: B = 5.0m, L = 197.5m, H = 14.0m, Phu Ninh district, supplies domestic water for local people, Z = 99.0m and contributes to prevent flood for downstream area -Upstream face: newly construct by dry masonry in -Headworks 10x10m concrete M260 frame; each frame is • Current crest level is +99.0m, which is still safe and does divided into 4.7 x 4.7 square with height of 0.6m not need to increase. and width of 0.2m. • Current crest width ~ 7.00m. -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted Weir • Current crest width of secondary dam B ~ 4.0÷5.0m in M200 concrete frame with ridge depth of 30cm • Dam height H~13.60m with bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on dowstream face of dam abuttment with dimension -Management road: is the road along the cannal taking water of BxH = 0.5x0.4. from the reservoir It connects to dam foot with 3-4m being muddy. -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of -Water intake culvert: At the moment, the culvert is nearly Water intake culvert cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the collapsed with ist foundation exposed dam body. -Management house: not presence b. Weir Page | 32 -Newly construct by reinforced concrete M300. Strengthen downstream side of the weir and dredge upstream side to ensure flood relief function. -Construct an over weir bridge by reinforced concrete M250, with width of 5.0m c. Water intake culvert in main and secondary dam -The culvert is newly constructed with 10mm thick, 400mm of diameter steel pipes covered by 30cm reinforced concrete M250. d. Management house -Not invest e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 6.0m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness level K = 0.95 -Management road: rural road category A; concrete road of thickness 18cm,, L = 394.2m, Bfoundation = 6.0m, Bsurface = 3.5m. f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations. 9. Ho Trau -Location: Tam Hiep commune, Nui Thanh district a. Main dam -Rerervoir specification: -Crest: Strengthened by reinforced concrete M250 • Catchment area: 0.75 km .2 with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed by compaction method which extends dam crest to • Crest level: +21.2 m. downstream area. Main dam: B = 6.0m, L = • Dead water level: +15.2 m. 127.8m, H = 12.3m, Z = 24.0m • Storage capacity (Wh): 472* 103 m3. -Upstream face: newly construct by dry masonry in • Regulating scheme: yearly. 10x10m concrete M260 frame; each frame is -Duty: The construction of Ho Trau reservoir commenced on divided into 4.7 x 4.7 square with height of 0.6m Main dam Page | 33 1985 and completed on 1986. It irrigates for 85ha crop and width of 0.2m. land, plays as reserved water for forest fire prevention, -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted aquaculture, and generates humidity to improve ambient in M200 concrete frame with ridge depth of 30cm environment. with bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on -Headworks: Earth dam, L = 445m, B = 4.0m, H = 8.8m. dowstream face of dam abuttment with dimension -Weir: Is freeflow, broad crested type. It sas reinforced of BxH = 0.5x0.4. concrete structure with crest width of 8m. It is now -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam dammaged and unsafe to operate foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of -Water intake culvert: It has reinforced concrete structure and is cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the dam body. Water intake culvert seriously degraded at the moment. -Management road: The road has not been reinforced, many b. Weir positions are deformed which makes it muddy during rain -Upgrade and repair by reinforced concrete M300. season. Road width is about 3-5m, difficult to travel. Strengthen downstream side of the weir and dredge -Manegement house + subsidence and seepage monitoring upstream side to ensure flood relief function. systems + electricity for management and operation: not -An over weir bridge with B = 6.0m is newly available constructed. c. Water intake culvert -Repair by putting steel pipes with diameter of 400mm and thickness of 10mm into old ones; Erosive hole after dam adding butterfly valve at dowstream side for operation. d. Management house -Not invest e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 6.0m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness level K = 0.95 -Management road: rural road category A; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 654.67m, Bfoundation= 5.0m, Bsurface = 3.5m. f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring Page | 34 system in accordance with current regulations. 10. Hoc Ket -Location: Duy Thu commune, Duy Xuyen District a. Main dam -Rerervoir specification: -Crest: Strengthened by reinforced concrete M250 • Catchment area: 0.365 km2. with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed by compaction method which extends dam crest to • Crest level:+20.0 m. downstream area. Main dam: B = 6.0m, L = 380m, • Dead water level: +13.0 m. H = 11.0m, Z = 22.0m • Storage capacity (Wh): 0.35* 103 m3. -Upstream face: newly construct by dry masonry in • Regulating scheme: yearly. 10x10m concrete M260 frame; each frame is -Duty: irrigates for 51ha crop land, supplies domestic water divided into 4.7 x 4.7 square with height of 0.6m and width of 0.2m. Earth dam for local people, and contributes to prevent flood for downstream area. -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted -Headworks: earth dam, L = 370m, B = 3.0m, H = 11.m. in M200 concrete frame with ridge depth of 30cm -Weir: It is a stone made weir. There are signs of being with bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on seríously eroded; plant roots penetrates inside the weir. The dowstream face of dam abuttment with dimension weir is damaged and unsafe to operate. of BxH = 0.5x0.4. -Water intake culvert: the culver body is degraded. Gate -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam valve is coroded resulting in gaps when closed. It needs to foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of be rebuilt cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the dam body. Water intake culvert -Management road: 650m long, 2m wide village connecting road that leading to middle of the dam needs to be widen to b. Weir transport construction materials and for management and -Upgrade and repair by reinforced concrete M300. operation later.. Strengthen downstream side of the weir and dredge - Manegement house + subsidence and seepage monitoring upstream side to ensure flood relief function. systems + electricity for management and operation: not -An over weir bridge with B = 5.0m is newly available. constructed. c. Water intake culvert -The culvert is newly constructed with 10mm thick, 400mm of diameter steel pipes covered by 30cm Road to the dam reinforced concrete M250. Page | 35 d. Management house -Not invest e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 5.0m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness level K = 0.95 -Management road: rural road category A; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 650m, Bfoundation= 5.0m, Bsurface = 3.5m. f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations 11. Ho Chinh -Location: Dai Tan and Dai Chanh commune, Dai Loc Dist. a. Main dam -Rerervoir specification: -Crest: Strengthened by reinforced concrete M250 • Catchment area: 3.5 km2. with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed by compaction method which extends dam crest to • Crest level: +30.4 m. downstream area. Main dam: B = 5.0m, L = Dam crest • Storage capacity (Wh): 2.5*106 m3. 440.2m, H = 8.3m, Z = 32.8m • Regulating scheme: yearly. -Upstream face: Unchanged. -Headworks -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted • Current crest level is +32.8m, which is still safe and does in M200 concrete frame with ridge depth of 30cm not need to increase. with bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on • Current crest width B ~ 4.50m. dowstream face of dam abuttment with dimension • Dam height H~8.3m of BxH = 0.5x0.4. -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam Weir -Construction road: Small and muddy foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of -Water intake culvert: In good condition cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the -Management house: not presence dam body Weir -Upgrade and repair by reinforced concrete M300. Strengthen downstream side of the weir and dredge Page | 36 upstream side to ensure flood relief function. b. Water intake culvert -Unchanged c. Management house -Not invest d. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 4.5m; road Water intake culvert way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness level K = 0.95 -Management road: rural road category A; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 910.6m, Bfoundation= 4.5m, Bface = 3.5m. e. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations. 12. Huong Mao -Location: Que Xuan 2 and Que Phu communes, Que Son a. Main dam district -Crest: Strengthened by reinforced concrete M250 -Rerervoir specification: with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed • Catchment area: 6.8 km2. by compaction method which extends dam crest to downstream area. Main dam: B = 5.0m, L = • Crest level: +29.45 m. 111.2m, H = 12.01m, Z = 33.0m • Storage capacity (Wh): 1.14*106 m3. -Upstream face: Unchanged. • Regulating scheme: yearly. -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted -Duty: The construction of Huong Mao Reservoir commenced in M200 concrete frame with ridge depth of 30cm Dam crest on 1970 and completed on 1980. It irrigates for 190ha crop with bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on land in Que Phu commune, Que Son district, supplies dowstream face of dam abuttment with dimension domestic water for local people, and contributes to prevent of BxH = 0.5x0.4. flood for downstream area -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam -Headworks foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of • Current crest level is +33m, which is still safe and does not cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the Page | 37 need to increase. dam body. Weir • Current crest width B ~ 3.5m. b. Weir • Dam height H~12.0m -Unchanged. -Construction road: There is no Management road at the c. Water intake culvert moment, to access the dam, it needs to follow a 300m local -The culvert is newly constructed with 10mm thick, pathway from main roand. Vehicles cannot pass through 400mm of diameter steel pipes covered by 30cm this road. reinforced concrete M250. Water intake culvert -Water intake culvert: it has reìnforced concrete structure d. Management house with aperture of 0.6 x 0.8m. Regulating valve at upstream -One storey, category IV house is built with S = side is flat valve. The valve is operated by screw, which is 76m2, Equioment for management and operation coroded leading to gaps when closed, hence increase water are to be installed. loss. There are signs of erosion and falling conrete inside the culvert. e. Management road -Management house: There is a management house -Construction road: Levelling with B = 6 m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness level K = 0.95 -Management road: rural road category A; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 245m, Bfoundation = 6.0m, Bsurface = 3.5m. f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations. 13. Hoc Bau -Location: Duy Phu commune, Duy Xuyen district a. Main dam -Rerervoir specification: -Crest: Strengthened by reinforced concrete M250 • Catchment area: 0.3 km . 2 with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed by compaction method which extends dam crest to • Crest level: +26.7 m. downstream area. Main dam: B = 5.0m, L = • Dead water level:+23.5 m. 129.3m, H = 7.2m, Z = 27.8m • Storage capacity (Wh): 350* 103 m3. -Upstream face: newly construct by dry masonry in • Regulating scheme: yearly. 10x10m concrete M260 frame; each frame is -Duty: It irrigates for 16ha crop land, plays as reserved water divided into 4.7 x 4.7 square with height of 0.6m Page | 38 for forest fire prevention, aquaculture, and generates and width of 0.2m. Upstream face humidity to improve ambient environment. -Downstream face: newly construct; grass is planted -Headworks: Earth dam, L = 116,2m, B = 3.5 - 4.0m, H = in M200 concrete frame with ridge depth of 30cm 6.0m. with bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on -Weir: It is now dammaged and unsafe to operate. dowstream face of dam abuttment with dimension of BxH = 0.5x0.4. -Water intake culvert: Consists of 2 culverts with one on main dam and the other on left side of upstream face. The -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam culverts are cast - iron with diameter of 250mm, round foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of shape, operated by cut-off valve. Culverts’ body and the cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the valves are in good condition. Pipe cleaning, however, is dam body. needed for better operation. b. Weir Weir crest -Management road: There is no road to the dam. It needs to -Newly contruct by reinforced concrete M300. open a road from My Son Sanctuary to the dam for Strengthen downstream side of the weir and dredge transporting construction materials and for management upstream side to ensure flood relief function. and operation later. -An over weir bridge with B = 5.0m is newly - Manegement house + subsidence and seepage monitoring constructed. systems + electricity for management and operation: not c. Water intake culvert available -The culvert is newly constructed with 10mm thick, 400mm of diameter steel pipes covered by 30cm reinforced concrete M300. Water intake culvert d. Management house -Not invest e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 6 m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness level K = 0.95 -Management road: rural road category A; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 164m, Bfoundation = 5.0m, Bsurface = 3.5m. f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring Page | 39 system in accordance with current regulations. 14. Thai Xuan -Location: Tam Anh Nam and Tam Hiep communes, Nui a. Main and secondary dam Thanh district -Crest: : Strengthened by reinforced concrete M250 -Rerervoir specification: with 2x4 gravel and thickness of 20cm, constructed • Catchment area: 18 km2. by compaction method which extends dam crest to downstream area. • Crest level: +25.3 m. • Main dam: B = 6.0m, L = 220m, H = 25m, Z = • Dead water level:+1.0 m. 29.3m • Storage capacity (Wh): 12 * 106 m3. • Secondary dam 1: B = 6.0m, L = 20m, H = 2.84, Z • Regulating scheme: yearly. = 29.3m Upstream face -Duty: It irrigates for 1030ha crop land, plays as reserved • Secondary dam 2: B = 6.0m, L = 34.2m, H = 4.04, water for forest fire prevention, aquaculture, and generates Z = 29.3m humidity to improve ambient environment. -Upstream face: unchanged -Headworks: -Downstream face : grass is planted in M200 • Main dam: earth dam, L = 220m, B = 6.0m, H = 25m. concrete frame with ridge depth of 30cm with • Secondary dam 1: Earth dam, L = 20m, B = 4.0m, H = bottom width of 30cm. Water draining on 2.84m. dowstream face of dam abuttment with dimension • Secondary dam 2: Earth dam, L = 34.2m, B = 5.0m, H = of BxH = 0.5x0.4. 4.04m. -Seepage treatment of the dam body and dam -Weir: Broad crested, free flow weir with width of 31.0m, foundation at the seepage sites by injecting of Secondary dam crest level of +25.5. The weir has reinforced concrete cement mortar; implementing anti-termite for the structure. Discharging channel is placed after weir. The dam body. weir is in good condition in general. There are, however, b. Weir some parts having falling concrete which expose the steel -Upgrade and repair by reinforced concrete M300. frame. Strengthen downstream side of the weir and dredge -Water intake culvert: Located in main dam with aperture of upstream side to ensure flood relief function. 1.2x1.6m and length of 110m. It is operated by valve tower -An over weir bridge with B = 5.0m is newly at the upstream side. Culvert’s body is heavily eroded. constructed. -Management road: There is a 550 long path from Chu Lai c. Water intake culvert in main and secondary dam industrial park to dowsntream of main dam. Due to its -Repair by putting steel pipes with diameter of Weir small width, no vehicle can access the dam via this road. Page | 40 - Manegement house + subsidence and seepage monitoring 1000mm and thickness of 10mm into old ones; systems + electricity for management and operation: There adding butterfly valve at dowstream side for is a management house at the downstream of main dam, operation. making it difficult to operate and manage. There is no d. Management house subsidence and seepage monitoring system -One storey, category IV house is built with S = 76m2, Equioment for management and operation are to be installed. e. Management road -Construction road: Levelling with B = 5.0 m; road way filled with 20cm of red gravel, compactness Water intake culvert level K = 0.95 -Management road: rural road category A; concrete road of thickness 18cm, L = 2000m, Bfoundation = 5.0m, Bsurface = 3.5m. f. Subsidence and seepage monitoring system -Installing seepage and subsidence monitoring system in accordance with current regulations. 2.4. The excavating quantity and machinery mobilization 2.4.1.Sources of materials The construction materials are mainly taken from local sources. Main materials includes soil, gravel, stone, cement and steel. The materials are readily available, easily to exploit and purchase in the sub-project area. Major construction materials, equipment such as cement, steel, asphalt, gravel, paint… are all taken from the districts of the constructions. Small size equipment such as: electrical wires, pipe etc. are taken from towns near the constructions. Table 4: Sources of construction material and transporting distance Transport No. Name Material Source Route range (km) 1 Ho May Cement, iron, steel, wood, Nui Thanh town; Tam Ky city, Chu Lai stone mine, reservoir QL1A 2.0 – 35.0 Page | 41 Transport No. Name Material Source Route range (km) planks, sand, stones, area embankment soil Cement, iron, steel, wood, Phu Thinh town; Tam Ky city; Chu Lai stone mine, PN37 mine QL1A, ĐT616 3.0 – 55.0 2 Dap Da planks, sand, stones, embankment soil Cement, iron, steel, wood, Tam Ky City, Chu Lai Stone Mine, Village 1 Mine QL1A, ĐT 616 4.0 – 55.0 3 Da Vach planks, sand, stones, embankment soil Cement, iron, steel, wood, Tien Phuoc town; Tam Ky city; Duy Trung stone mine, Duy QL1A, ĐT 614, QL 14E, 6.7 - 41.9 4 Thang Loi planks, sand, stones, Xuyen district; TP43 Cam Tay Village, Tien Cam Commune ĐT 615 embankment soil Cement, iron, steel, wood, Nui Thanh town; Tam Ky city; Chu Lai stone mine; Dong Nhon QL1A, ĐT 617, Concrete 1.0 – 32.0 5 Dong Nhon planks, sand, stones, reservoir mine road to the construction embankment soil Cement, iron, steel, wood, Ha Lam town; Tam Ky city; Duy Trung stone mine, Duy Xuyen QL1A, QL 14E, ĐT611, 2.0 - 46.5 6 Ho Giang planks, sand, stones, district; Qs150 Hon Quanh and Qs149 Nong Nhai, Que Long Ho Chi Minh road, ĐH embankment soil commune 1QS, ĐH 611, Cement, iron, steel, wood, Ha Lam town; Tam Ky city; Duy Trung stone mine, Duy Xuyen QL1A, QL 14E, ĐH1QS, 11.5 – 36.2 7 Cao Ngan planks, sand, stones, district; TB72 Group 4, Binh An and Binh Dinh Nam villages; ĐH 07QS, ĐH 08QS, Vinh embankment soil Thang Binh district Huy, Dong Tien reseroir Cement, iron, steel, wood, Tam Ky city; Chu Lai stone mine; PN37 Black Rock Hill, QL1A, ĐT 616, ĐT 614 7.2 – 41.8 8 Ho Lau planks, sand, stones, Khanh An and Tam Dan villages embankment soil Cement, iron, steel, wood, Nui Thanh town; Tam Ky city, Chu Lai stone mine and Dong QL1A, ĐT617, Concrete 5.0 – 28.0 9 Ho Trau planks, sand, stones, Nhon reservoir mine road to the construction embankment soil Cement, iron, steel, wood, Nam Phuoc, Da Nang, Cau Lau, Duy Son, MTH Mine QL1A, ĐT 610, đ Concrete 10.0 – 60.0 10 Hoc Ket planks, sand, stones, road to the construction embankment soil Page | 42 Transport No. Name Material Source Route range (km) Cement, iron, steel, wood, Ai Nghia town; Hoi An city; Dai Hiep stone mine, Dai Loc Đi đại An - TT Ai Nghia, 5.2 – 44.0 11 Ho Chinh planks, sand, stones, district; Dai Loc mine, Dai Khuong and Dai Chanh villages ĐT 608, ĐT 609, QL14B. embankment soil Cement, iron, steel, wood, Ha Lam town; Tam Ky city; Duy Trung stone mine, Duy Xuyen QL1A, ĐT611, ĐH 1QS 4.4 – 34.0 12 Huong Mao planks, sand, stones, district; Que Son Qs114 Nui Dang, Village 2 Phu Tho embankment soil Cement, iron, steel, wood, Nam Phuoc, Da Nang, Cau Lau, Duy Hoa, Duy Son, MTH Mine QL1A, ĐT 610 3.0 – 60.0 13 Hoc Bau planks, sand, stones, embankment soil Cement, iron, steel, wood, Nui Thanh town; Tam Ky city, Chu Lai stone mine and Dong QL1A, ĐT617, Concrete 5.0 – 28.0 14 Thai Xuan planks, sand, stones, Nhon reservoir mine road to the construction embankment soil Materials for the construction of works items of the sub-project (soil, stone, sand…) are being purchased from approved mines or suppliers by the Quang Nam Province PC (all the mines are planned and exploited according to Decision No 2691/QĐ -UBND of Quang Nam Province PC dated 04//09/2014 on Approval of Exploration, exploitation, and utilization of natural minerals for normal construction materials in Quang Nam Province until 2020 with vision to 2030. The materials will be purchased and transported to the construction sites by the sub-project. These materials are not exploited by the sub-project. With a plentiful and diversified supply of materials and relatively short transport distance, the supply of materials for construction is relatively easy. Page | 43 2.4.2. Mobilization of vehicles and machinery for construction The number of vehicles and machinery mobilized to serve the subproject items depends on the construction progress of different items and the construction time on site. In order to meet the construction progress and to complete the volume of works, based on the terrain of the site, the nature of work and the sources of material supply, it is estimated to arrange the main equipment for embankment and dam construction like dump-truck 5T, dump-truck 7T, excavator 0.83- 1.25m3, roller, tamper, diesel compressor 600m3/h, bulldozer 110CV, grader 110CV and excavator 1.6 m3 and equipment, machinery for road construction, management house and installation of monitoring systems including: material trucks, watering trucks 5m3, roller, tamper, bulldozer 110CV and spreader 130-140CV, concrete mixer (electrically operating 11kWh, battery), boat (if any). The details are in the table below. Table 5: Demand for vehicles and construction machinery for 1 construction site Country of No. Name of machinery Unit Quantity Condition origin 1 250 L concrete mixer unit 6 85% China 2 Needle vibrator 1.5KW unit 6 95% Korea 3 Platform vibrator 1.0KW unit 8 85% Korea 4 Automatic flat-wheel roller unit 2 85% Korea 5 Misaka jumping jack compactor unit 6 90% Korea 6 Steel cutter unit 5 80% China 7 Steel bender unit 5 80% China 8 AC welding machine unit 5 80% Italy 9 Hand driller unit 5 90% Italy 10 Pump 20 m3/h unit 4 80% Vietnam Reserved bucket excavator unit Sweden 11 5 0,2÷0,8m3 90% 12 Levelling machine unit 3 80% Sweden 13 Bulldozer 110CV unit 7 85% Sweden 14 Dump truck 5-7T unit 15 90% Vietnam 15 Watering car 5m3 unit 5 95% Vietnam 16 Fuel tank truck unit 3 80% Vietnam 17 Gravel distributor 60m3/h unit 2 80% Korea 18 Auto crane unit 3 95% Korea 19 Elevator 0.8T unit 2 80% Korea 20 Air compressor 360 m3/h unit 2 90% Korea Source: Preliminary design of sub-project Page | 44 2.4.3.Input materials for the sub-project Expected demand for input materials for construction items the DRSIP Quang Nam Province is summarized as follows: Table 6: Summary of material quantity for main construction items of the DRSIP Quang Nam Province Coarse Excavated Excavate Leveling Excessive soil Concrete Steel Gravel Backfilling soil No. Reservoir rock soil d stone material site m³ ton m³ m³ m³ m³ m³ m³ m³ 1 Ho May 2,036 71 1,545 1,088 16,105 0 23,531 0 230,04 2 Dap Da 1,565 60 1,060 575 14,225 0 18,464 0 207,00 3 Da Vach 2,371 66 1,297 822 9,091 0 4,996 0 256,65 4 Thang Loi 5,718 521 12,164 3,007 43,956 0 63,664 17,100 130,35 5 Dong Nhon 4,199 81 3,080 1,393 19,714 0 16,069 0 507,60 6 Ho Giang 793 40 207 689 6,749 0 2,902 1,500 537,00 7 Cao Ngan 1,166 38 2,414 724 11,779 0 7,561 1,800 330,00 8 Ho Lau 1,940 65 1,995 1,435 12,863 0 13,065 3,000 280,35 9 Ho Trau 1,943 54 1,769 942 13,497 0 7,483 0 230,04 10 Hoc Ket 1,674 82 2,805 1,629 18,776 0 16,956 0 684,00 11 Ho Chinh 910 5 1,859 807 10,224 0 5,882 0 660,30 12 Huong Mao 1,071 28 636 1,160 4,977 1,219 6,408 3,000 166,80 13 Hoc Bau 918 30 564 345 4,945 0 4,512 0 193,95 14 Thai Xuan 1,500 85 0 150 4,000 0 4,000 0 493,56 Total 27,804 1.226 31,395 14,766 190,901 1,219 195,493 26,400 4.907,64 Source: Feasibility Study Report of the sub-project Page | 45 2.5. Auxiliary works 2.5.1.Energy supply Fuel: Supplied by fuel supplying company in the center of districts under the sub-project. Electricity: It is needed mostly for lighting during construction of dam, making of frame, reinforced core…Electrical sources and network used the electricity distributed to communes in the sub-project areas. Fuel based power generator is a backup source when cut-of the power from the grid. Water: Water is used for construction, domestic use and for fire and explosion prevention... Water for domestic use is pumped directly from the reservoir to filtering tank to ensure hygiene. Besides, clean water from nearby household can be used. Water for construction, especially for concrete mixing is pumped from the reservoir to a storage tank. 2.5.2.Infrastructure condition The construction sites in sub-project are located quite near national highway and provincial road such as QL1A, QL14E, QL14B, TL608, 609, 610, 614, 616…. From the national highway, there are inter-districts and inter-commune roads, so the material and machine transport is relatively easy. The materials, equipment and human resources transport to the sites are carried out on road. At the moment, the roads from district’s center to commune’s center are asphalt road. Travelling via roads within a commune is not difficult. Communication: The construction area is now covered by mobile phones and wired telecommunication networks, very convenient to ensure smooth communication during construction process and operation management. 2.5.3. Human resources needs Workers needed for one day of construction for each reservoir are 50 - 100 persons. To reduce cost and create jobs for local community and avoid social environmental impacts due to gathering of workers, the Project Owner will give priority to recruit local labor (expected to be 60 - 70% of the workers), in which: (i) working ages are from 18 - 35; (ii) 5% of workers from 35 - 50 (highly skilled workers or managers). There are about 25% female worker, and 75% male worker in each site. -Maximum labor intensity a day: 100 persons/ day -Maximum concrete pouring intensity: 200 m3/day. -Maximum earth excavation intensity: 1000 m3/ day. -Maximum earth filling intensity: 200 m3/ day. -Maximum building intensity: 50 m3/ day. Working regime: Workers and machines shall take maximum 2 shifts/day (8 hours/shift). One works will be constructed for a year (except national holidays). The highest number of workers in a day in a construction site is 100 persons. After finishing tasks for one day, workers shall go home for resting. There are 10 workers staying in the sites to protect construction activities. Worker's camp will be built according to the guidelines of Ministry of Construction on construction site camps. Because the number of workers at each site is not much and the supply of local labor force is Page | 46 high, so the project can easily recruit local workers to serve the construction activities of the project. 2.5.4.Disposal and materials gathering site Excessive materials (mainly excavated soil from main and secondary dams, weirs…) will be reused to fill low-lying areas downstream of the main dam. The number of surplus materials is not high and easy to transport because the distance from the construction to the disposal sites ranges from 100m - 1,000m. Information on disposal sites is shown in the table below. Table 7: Information about expected disposal sites of the works Distance from the Storage No. Reservoir construction site to Area (m2) capacity (m3) dumping site (m) 1 Ho May 200 300 900 2 Dap Da 250 300 900 3 Da Vach 300 400 1200 4 Thang Loi 150 400 1200 5 Dong Nhon 500 700 2100 6 Ho Giang 300 800 2400 7 Cao Ngan 200 700 2100 8 Ho Lau 1000 900 2700 9 Ho Trau 100 500 1500 10 Hoc Ket 150 600 1800 11 Ho Chinh 450 800 2400 12 Huong Mao 500 900 2700 13 Hoc Bau 150 400 1200 14 Thai Xuan 1000 800 2400 The location of the disposal sites will be agreed by the Project Owner with the commune authorities and local management agencies at the next stage of the subproject. The discussion and agreement on disposal sites, storage capacity and disposal plans with commune authorities or management agencies will be carried out by PPMU before construction. Suitable location should be convenient for transportation, minimizing the impact on the environment and people’s life. Material gathering site: In all 14 construction sites, material gathering sites will be arranged for construction, with an area of about 200-400 m2. These sites are within the scope of the project or in the protection corridors of the construction sites. The distance from material gathering site to the construction sites ranges from 200m - 500m. 2.5.5.Construction roads The construction conditions of the works are relatively good and convenient. At all works, there are access roads to the reservoirs, meeting the demand for transporting materials during the construction in the communes. Table 8: Characteristics of materials transportation routes Reserv TT Materials transportation routes oir 1 Ho May -Construction materials are mainly transported from the center of Nui Thanh district through the QL1A, then through the residential road into the construction area.. Page | 47 Reserv TT Materials transportation routes oir -There are many households along the residential road into the construction area,. Roads with good quality are made of concrete with a width of 3.5m, ensuring that 7 ton vehicles can travel on this road. One section near the construction site is earth road with a width of about 5.0m. -Backfilling soil is taken near the reservoirs’ area so it will be transported on the road for construction and operation management of the project. The road passes through the productive land of local people (acacia plantation), there are no households in the area. 2 Dap Da -Construction materials are mainly transported from Tam Ky City via TL616, then to inter-commune roads, then through construction and management road to the dam foot. -There are many inhabitants living along the inter-commune road. However, the road is of good quality, paved with asphalt, width of 5.0 - 7.0 m, ensuring that 7 ton vehicles can travel on this route. -Materials are transported through construction and management road into the construction area. The road is currently a narrow earth road that passes through the productive land of people (acacia plantation), with no inhabitants living along. 3 Da -Construction materials are mainly transported from Tam Ky City or Tien Ky Town Vach via the TL616, then through the construction and management road to the dam foot. -Materials are transported through construction and management road into the construction area. The route is currently concrete road with a width of about 3.0 - 5.0m. Residents live along this route 4 Thang -Construction materials are mainly transported from Tam Ky City or Tien Phuoc Loi Town via the TL614 route, then go through the inter-commune road, then through the construction and management road to the dam foot. -Along the inter-commune road to the construction site, local residents live dispersedly at the beginning of the road connecting to TL614. There are no inhabitants at the end of the access road to the construction site. The road is of good quality, graded with macadam, the width of the road surface is about 5.0 - 7.0m, ensuring that the vehicles with a tonnage of 7 tons can travel on this road. -Raw materials are transported through construction and management road into the construction area. There are no roads and no inhabitants living along this road. 5 Dong -Construction materials are mainly transported from the center of Nui Thanh district Nhon or Tam Ky city through QL1A, then TL617, and finally through the construction and management road into the constrution site -Residents live in certain areas along TL617. However, the area near the construction site has few inhabitants, mainly the in the road to secondary dam -Backfilling soil is taken near the reservoir area so it will be transported on construction and management road of the works. This road passes through the productive land of the people (acacia plantation), there are no households along this road. 6 Ho -Construction materials are mainly transported from the district center, Ha Lam Giang Town or Tam Ky City through the QL1A, then through the TL611 route, finally through the construction and management road to the construction site. -Residents live in certain areas along TL617. However, the area near the construction site has few inhabitants -Materials are transported through construction and management road to the construction area. The route is narrow earth road that passes through the productive land of people (acacia plantation), with no inhabitants living along. Page | 48 Reserv TT Materials transportation routes oir 7 Cao -Construction materials are mainly transported from the district center, Ha Lam Ngan Town or Tam Ky City through the QL14B, and then through construction and management road to the construction site -Materials are transported through construction and management road to the construction area. The route is concrete road with a width of about 3.0 - 5.0m. The quality of roads ensures good service for materials transportation activities. However, number people living along this road is relatively high. 8 Ho Lau -Materials for construction are mainly transported from Tam Ky City via TL616, then to inter-commune roads, then through construction and management road to the dam foot -Along the inter-commune road, there are many inhabitants. However, the road is of good quality, paved with asphalt and with the width of 5.0 - 7.0 m, ensuring that vehicles with a tonnage of 7 tons can travel on this route. -Materials are transported through construction routes in combination with management into the construction area. The road is a earth road with the width of 2-3m, there are a few households living along this route. 9 Ho Trau -Construction material are mainly transported from the center of Nui Thanh district or Tam Ky city through QL1A, then through the TL617, finally through the construction and management road to construction site -Residents live in certain areas along TL617. However, there are a few households in the area connected to the construction and management road. -Materials will be transported on the construction and management road of the works. The current route is narrow, earthen road with a width of about 1.0 - 2.0m. The area of this road passes through the productive land of the people (acacia plantation) where there are no households. 10 Hoc Ket -Construction materials are mainly transported from the center of Duy Xuyen district, Nam Phuoc or Da Nang city through the QL1A, then through the TL610 route, local roads, and finally through construction and management road to the construction site. -A local road with width of about 3.0m, made of concrete, with good quality, ensuring the transportation of materials. However, many people live along this route. -Next, materials will be transported on the construction and management road of the works. The current road is a narrow earthern road with a width of about 3.0 - 5.0m. It is however difficult to move when it rains. It passes through the productive land of the people (acacia plantation), where there are no households. 11 Ho -Construction materials are mainly transported from the center of Dai Loc district Chinh (Ai Nghia town) or Da Nang city via the QL1A, then through the TL608 and 609, inter-commune road. and finally the construction and management road to the works -Inter-commune road is 3.0 - 5.0m wide, made of concrete, with good quality, ensuring the transportation of materials. However, many people live along this route. -Next, materials will be transported on the construction and management road of the works. The current road is a earthern road with a width of about 2.0 - 3.0m. It is however difficult to move when it rains. It passes through the productive land of the people (acacia plantation), where there are no households 12 Huong -Construction materials are mainly transported from the district center, Ha Lam Mao Town or Tam Ky City through the QL 1A, and then through the TL611 route, local road, and finally the onstruction and management road to the works -A local road is a macadam road with a width of about 5.0m. There are only a few Page | 49 Reserv TT Materials transportation routes oir households living at the beginning of the road.. -Materials are transported through construction and management road into the construction area, which is currently not presence. The route is planned to pass through the productive land of the people (acacia plantation), with no inhabitants living along. 13 Hoc -Construction materials are mainly transported from the center of Duy Xuyen Bau district, Nam Phuoc or Da Nang city through the QL1A, then through TL610 and the road to My Son Sanctuary, and finally through the construction and management road to the construction site -The route to My Son Sanctuary is asphalt road with the width of 7.0m, good qualit, ensuring the transportation of materials. However, many people live along this route -Next, materials will be transported on the construction and management road of the works. The current road is a earthern road with a width of about 2.0m. It is however difficult to move when it rains. It passes through the productive land of the people (acacia plantation), where there are no households 14 Thai -Construction materials are mainly transported from the center of Nui Thanh district Xuan or Tam Ky city through the QL1A, and the construction and management road to the construction site -Materials will be transported on the construction and management road to the construction site. The current road is a earthern road with a width of about 1.0 - 2.0m. It is however difficult to move when it rains. It passes through the productive land of the people (acacia plantation), where there are no households. Road to Thang Loi reservoir Road to Hoc Ket reservoir Road to Ho Giang reservoir Figure 2: Current conditions of transportation route in some areas of the sub-project 2.6. Pre-construction activities Prior to the construction, there are some works like surveying topography, hydrology, meteorological conditions, geological drilling, land acquisition marking, UXO clearance. In the subproject scope there is no demolition of structure but there is the vegetation clearing carried out by the households that have affected trees and crops. Waste from vegetation clearing will be collected and transported to the communal dump sites by affected households. Designing the Subproject to provide the options that take into account scenarios, risks of climate change on the performance of the construction items of the Subproject. The study on the climate factor change is presented in the section: the recent status of the subproject area, as a basis for selecting optimal design options. The recent impact of climate change in the region is mainly relating to the precipitation that results in floods, landslides and droughts. 2.7. Materials transportation plans Construction materials will be transported to site about 1 week before the starting of the construction. Construction materials will be transported to construction sites at certain periods of time to avoid negative impacts on agricultural activities and the daily life of local people. Workers, machines and materials are estimated in the sections above. Page | 50 2.8. Operational and maintenance activities Periodic dam safety monitoring: Once the reservoirs have been filled with water and the dams started working, the dam-owners are responsible for the dam safety monitoring. This assignment is carried out by qualified independent experts who did not participate in the investigation, survey, design, construction or operation of the dams. After the dams regularly operate, the monitoring stages are kept periodically, including the safety inspections prior and after flood seasons every year in accordance with the Government Decree No. 114/2018/ND- CP on dam safety management. Upon completion of the works, the operation of the dams will be the responsibility of the dam owners and the responsibility of the PPMU will end. The reservoir and valve operation procedure: A dam-owner must develop a reservoir water regulation procedure to regulate the storage and discharge of water in normal and emergency conditions of dam and reservoir to submit to authorized state management agency for approval and organize the implementation of the procedure. The dam owners must prepare and submit documents on operational procedure of valves and each work (hereafter referred to as operation of works) to the authorities for promulgation according to their competence. Other operations should be addressed pursuant to the Government's Decree No.114/2018/ND- CP on dam safety management. 2.9. Dam Safety Plan A dam safety report (DSR) will be prepared for the Subproject. The objectives of the DSR are to present, analyze and make recommendations on: a) all conditions that may affect the safety of the dams and its associated facilities; b) impacts of the dam or substructure breaking or unable to work due to harsh natural conditions, human errors or structural faults; and c) the institutional framework (at the present time and in the future) necessary to avoid or minimize adverse conditions for the safety of the dams. After the completion of the review at the subproject screening stage, the CPMU of MARD should provide a DSR for each subproject which is identified during the project implementation stage and sent to the international dam safety (PoE) and the World Bank for review. The report must include findings and recommendations for any related safety issues and necessary actions to be taken. The dam safety measures should be integrated into the design, construction and operation of the reservoirs. Review and analysis of the dam structure: The review and evaluation of the dams and related works will include, but is not limited to, the following: -Review of the geological documents and material sources, with the attention to potential adverse effects that may occur by the predictable geological features. Assessment of unforeseen conditions and counter measures to address the safety and operation of the dams and the works. -Assessment of the suitability of the types of dams and spillways, the response of the dam design. They include the proposed measures for soil treatment, excavation, load characteristics of selected substrate, permeability and pressure exertion control measures. The safety point of view for any abnormalities or omissions and measures to be taken will be paid attention to. -Assessment of the stability, strength analysis and safety factors in normal conditions, abnormal and extreme load conditions for soil dams and concrete dams, spillway structure and drainage works, including the determination of geological impact criteria. -Consideration of the factors of like reservoir stability, landslide formation, waves, and wave effects on dam stability; Page | 51 -Consideration of the hydrological calculation method that determines the design flood of the project, reservoirs and spillway size; review of the designs of the spillways, e.g. the flow conditions and the tilling basins; assessment of the discharge capacity of the spillways corresponding to all design flood indicators that dams will not be damaged. -Considerations for the water intake and discharge works, including hydraulic designs, emergency dewatering capacity and sedimentation process in the reservoirs. -Assessment of the design of the spillways and out-door controls, including the selection of the number and types of outlets and valves, lifting equipment and other controlling mechanisms. Particular attention should be given to back-up systems to operate spillways which have gates and draining facilities in the event of operational and power failure. -Review of the design of the flow diversion works, construction progress, hydrology and the risk factors associated with the flow diversion during the flow construction and filling process at the beginning stage of the reservoir water accumulation. -Consideration of the suitability of the instrumentation, especially those instruments or markers which are required in the prediction of serious hazards or dam breakage. -Consideration of the operation and maintenance procedures and the emergency response plan of the dam owners, including the assessment of sub-project operation and maintenance factors relating to dam safety and operators’ capacity assessment to be able to perform the maintenance and inspections of the safety of the dams. Review and assessment of dam safety risks: In addition to ensuring the dam's structure safety, the project will assess potential risks of the dams to the population and the environment in downstream, including the related works. Dam breakage may not occur but if it happens consequences will be serious. Regarding this content, during the project preparation, as part of the DSR or environmental and social management plan, the subproject Owners should conduct assessing potential risks to the downstream population. For large dams with high-risks, it need to acquire comprehensive data during the preparation process, including topographic survey and downstream land use to simulate a downstream dam and flood breakdown under different conditions/scenarios to serve the preparation of the emergency response plans. Collecting data from upstream dams and/or watershed activities may also be necessary for some dams. Planning and implementing capacity building programs for the subprojects with pilot activities to promote active participation of local communities should be considered. Communities around the dams can participate in day-to-day monitoring to protect the dams from external destructors and they can join in simple maintenance tasks. A community participatory model in dam safety activities should be considered. Sedimentation and contamination of upstream water may be a serious problem for some river basins. The dam owners must commit to allocate funds for appropriate dam operation and management and to periodically examine dam safety. 2.10. Schedule and funding of the sub-project 2.10.1.Sub-project schedule The sub-project is expected to be implemented in 5 years (including preparation time) starting from 2017 and ending in 2020. However, the construction time in each location will be one year (depending on budget allocation for each construction). The Sub-project will be implemented from 1st quarter of 2019. To ensure the project validity, implementation plan is made based on following rules: -Ensure the connection between components; -Ensure the supports between activities in each component; Page | 52 -Ensure consistency between construction and non-construction activities, and activities to enhance project management capacity and work construction activities. 2.10.2.Investment fund Total investment of the DRSIP Quang Nam Province is presented in the table below: Table 9: Total investment of the sub-project Total investment (VND) No. Expenses Pre-tax VAT After tax I Construction cost 195,008,369,340 19,491,822,334 214,500,192,674 1 Ho May 11,236,361,743 1,123,636,174 12,359,997,917 2 Dap Da 10,680,535,235 1,068,053,523 11,748,588,758 3 Da Vach 15,465,228,371 1,546,522,837 17,011,751,208 4 Thang Loi 8,268,090,000 826,809,000 9,094,899,000 5 Dong Nhon 25,713,604,552 2,571,360,455 28,284,965,007 6 Ho Giang 10,190,693,636 1,019,069,364 11,209,763,000 7 Cao Ngao 27,570,537,273 2,757,053,727 30,327,591,000 8 Ho Lau 14,893,593,636 1,489,359,364 16,382,953,000 9 Ho Trau 11,021,212,767 1,102,121,277 12,123,334,043 10 Hoc Ket 17,145,306,994 1,714,530,699 18,859,837,694 11 Ho Chinh 10,457,077,273 1,045,707,727 11,502,785,000 12 Huong Mao 16,410,749,091 1,641,074,909 18,051,824,000 13 Hoc Bau 4,129,002,770 412,900,277 4,541,903,047 14 Thai Xuan 11,826,376,000 1,173,623,000 13,000,000,000 II Project management cost 3,152,562,105 3,152,562,105 Construction investment 26,229,817,455 2,609,768,023 28,839,585,478 III consulting cost IV Other cost 13,559,082,007 1,142,312,947 14,701,394,954 VI Compensation, land clearance 8,264,921,472 75,946,500 8,340,867,972 VII Contingency 27,449,734,198 2,535,663,250 29,985,396,448 Total 273,673,887,000 25,846,113,000 299,520,000,000 Source: Feasibility Study Report Page | 53 CHAPTER 3. POLCY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 3.1. Vietnam legal documents ➢ Laws -Law on Environmental Protection dated 23/6/2014; -Law on Water Resources dated 21/6/2012; -Land Law dated 29/11/2013; -Law On Construction dated 18/06/2014; -Law On Natural Disaster Prevention no 33/2013/QH13; -Law on biodiversity 20/2008/QH12; -Law on Road Traffic 23/2008/QH12; -Law on Complaint 02/2011/QH13; -Law on Cultural Heritage No10/VBHN-VPQH dated 23/07/2013; -Law on Labor Safety and Health No. 84/2015/QH13; -Law on Dykes No. 79/2006/QH11; -Law on Irrigation No. 08/2017/QH14; -Law on Plant Protection and Quarantine No.41/2013/QH13; -Law on Hydraulics Works No. 08/2017/QH14 dated 01/07/2018 ➢ Decrees -Decree No.18/2015/ND-CP dated 14/02/2015 by the Government on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan; -Decree No. 19/2015/NĐ-CP dated14/02/2015 of the government on detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the law on environmental protection; -Decree No. 155/2016/NĐ-CP dated 18/11/2016 of the Government penalties for administrative violations against regulations on environmental protection; -Decree No. 43/2014/NĐ-CP dated 15/5/2014 of the Government on detailing implementation of some articles on Land Law; -Decree No. 140/2006/NĐ-CP of the Government dated 22/11/2006 providing for the environmental protection at stages of elaboration, evaluation, approval and implementation of development strategies, planning, plans, programs and projects; -Decree No. 201/2013/NĐ-CP dated 27/11/2013 of the Government on detailing implementation of some articles of Law on Water Resources; -Decree No. 38/2015/NĐ-CP dated 24/04/2015 of the Government on detailing implementation of some articles of Law on Waste Management; -Decree No. 59/2015/NĐ-CP dated 18/06/2015 of the Government on Management of Construction Investment Project; -Decree No. 42/2017/NĐ-CP dated 05/4/2017 of the Government on amendment and supplementation of some articles of Decree No. 59/2015/NĐ-CP dated 18/06/2015 of the Government on Management of Construction Investment Project. -Decree No. 46/2015/NĐ-CP dated 12/05/2015 of the Government on management of construction quality and maintenance; -Decree No. 104/2017/NĐ-CP dated 14/9/2017 of the Government on penalties for administrative violations against regulations on disaster preparedness, operation and Page | 54 protection of hydraulic structures and flood control systems. ➢ Circular -Circular No. 18/2016/TT-BXD dated 30/6/2016 of Ministry of Construction on specifying and providing guidance on certain contents of evaluation and approval of projects, construction designs and cost estimates. -Circular No. 24/2016/TT-BXD dated 01/9/2016 of Ministry of Construction on amendment to a number of articles of circulars regarding construction project management. -Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29/05/2015 of MONRE on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plans; -Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30/6/2015 management of hazardous wastes; -Circular No. 19/2011/TT - BYT dated 06 tháng 6 năm 2011 of MOH on guiding the management of labor hygiene, laborers’ health and occupational diseases; -Circular No. 19/2013/TT-BTNMT on groundwater monitoring techniques; -Circular No. 64/2015/TT-BTNMT on issuance of national technical regulation on environment - Allowable limits of some heavy metals in soil ; -Circular No. 65/2015/TT-BTNMT on issuance of national technical regulation on environment - National technical regulation on surface water quality; -Circular No. 66/2015/TT-BTNMT on issuance of national technical regulation on environment - National technical regulation on groundwater quality ; -Circular No. 32/2013/TT-BTNMT dated 25/10/2013 of MONRE on issuance of national technical regulation on environment; -Circular No. 21/2012/TT-BTNMT dated 19/12/2012 of MONRE on ensuring quality and quality assurance on environmental monitoring; -Circular No. 65/2009/TT-BNNPTNT dated 12/10/2009 of MARD on guiding the organization, management gradation and exploitation of hydraulics works. ➢ National technical regulations and standards applied During the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), following compulsory National technical regulations were applied: -Water quality: +QCVN 01: 2009/BYT: National technical regulation on drinking water quality.. +QCVN 02:2009/BYT - National technical regulation on domestic water quality. +QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality. +QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on groundwater quality. +QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewate. +QCVN 38:2011/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality for protection of aquatic lives. -Air quality: +QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National technical regulation on Ambient Air Quality. +QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air. -Solid waste management: Page | 55 +QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds. -Soil and sediment: +QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils +QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on excessive plant protection products in the soils +QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT - National technical regulation on sediment quality. -Vibration and noise +QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise. +QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on vibration. -Labor safety and health: +QCVN 22:2016/BYT- National Technical Regulation on Lighting - Permissible Levels of Lighting in the Workplace. +QCVN 24:2016/BYT National Technical Regulation on Noise - Permissible Exposure Levels of Noise in the Workplace +QCVN 26:2016/BYT National Technical Regulation on Microclimate - Permissible Value of Microclimate in the Workplace +QCVN 27:2016/BYT National Technical Regulation on Vibration - Permissible Levels of Vibration in the Workplace +QCXDVN 01:2008/BXD of Ministry of Construction on Vietnam Building Code. +QCVN 18:2014/BXD - National technical regulation on construction safety. ➢ Project related legal documents -Decision no 4638/QĐ-BNN-HTQT, date 09/11/2015 of MARD, on “Approval of Feasibility Study Report of The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) funded by the World Bank”. -Pursuant to Decision No.7404/BNN-TCTL dated 01/9/2016 of MARD on agreement on list of reservoirs under the Dam Safety Improvement Sub-Project of Quang Nam Province. -Pursuant to Document No. 510/CPO-WB8 dated 20/4/2018 of the Central Project Office on approval of Feasibility Study Report of Sub-project “The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8)” of Quang Nam Province. -Consulting contract No. 35A/2017/HĐ-TV-WB8 dated 11/12/2017 between Quang Nam Province PMU and Center for Environmental Research on implementation of contract package on Preparation of Environmental Social Impact Assessment. ➢ Compliance to the environmental and social impact assessment The Subproject’s environmental and social impact assessment is carried out in accordance with the World Bank and the Government’s environmental assessment procedures. In particular, it will be subject to the environmental and social management framework (ESMF) of the project that the WB reviewed and approved. Social and environmental screening will be conducted for each subproject to determine the appropriate size and type of the environmental assessment. Based on that, TOR will be prepared for environmental and social impact assessments in accordance with the subproject scope and the potential impacts anticipated arising from the subproject implementation. Environmental and social screening will be conducted by World Bank safeguard policy experts. The TOR for the environmental and social impact assessments is also reviewed and approved by the World Bank Safeguard Policy Page | 56 Specialists prior to the implementation of the environmental and social impact assessments. In the process of the environmental and social impact assessment, consultations with affected people and local NGOs should be conducted. ESIA will be publicly disclosed at the subproject sites accessible to locally- affected peoples and local NGOs in Vietnamese language the English version will be disclosed on the WB’s external website before subproject appraisal. 3.2. The World Bank Policies The objective of these policies is to prevent and minimize impacts to people and natural environment in the development process. The safeguard policies provide basis for stakeholders’ participation in the project designs and act as an important tool for building ownership among local people. The effectiveness and development of the WB’s projects and programs has been increasing significantly as a result of attention to these policies. The World Bank's safeguard policies are available on the website at http://web.worldbank.org, where the environmental protection policies are published. 3.2.1. Project level The Project’s environmental and social screening has been implemented in accordance with OP 4.01 and indicated that the World Bank's Safeguard Policies on Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04), Indigenous Peoples (OP/BOP 4.10), Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12), Safety of Dams (4.37), Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50), Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) and Pest Management (OP 4.09) will be applied to this Project. According to the screening, the Project is classified as Category A. In addition, it needs to comply with the World Bank's requirements for community consultation and dissemination. 3.2.2.Sub-project level Environmental policies +OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment +OP 4.09 Pest Management +OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams +OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources. Social Policies +OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment This policy is going throughout the process of identifying, preventing and mitigating environmental and social potential negative impacts associated with the World Bank’s lending activities. In the work of the World Bank, the purpose of the environmental assessment is to improve decision making, ensure that the project options are being reviewed and sustainable and that the community to be likely affected must be consulted. The Borrower is responsible for environmental assessment (EA) and the World Bank advises the Borrower at their request. The borrowing projects are proposed in four categories, depending on locations, sensitivity, scales of the projects, nature and extent of potential environmental impacts, including A, B, C and FI. This Subproject activates OP 4.01 as it relates to the construction and operation that will have social environment potential negative impacts. Based on the results of the environmental screening, the Subproject is classified B in terms of environment. As defined in OP 4.01 and Page | 57 the Government’s environmental assessment regulations, this ESIA is prepared for the Subproject to meet the requirements of the Government’s regulations and the World Bank’s safeguard policies. Upon appraisal, the ESIA of this Subproject will be publicly disclosed to the local people in the project area to ensure that affected people and local NGOs can access it easily and it will be disclosed through the World Bank website. OP 4.09 Pest Management The purpose of the pest management policy is to minimize and manage environmental and health risks associated with the use of pesticides, to promote and support safe, effective and environmentally-friendly pest management. The purchase of pesticides in a WB-financed project must be assessed for the nature and extent of risks involved, taking into account the proposed and intended use. For pest management affecting one of the two sectors of agriculture or public health, WB supports a strategy to promote the use of biological control methods and reduce reliance synthetic chemical pesticides. In Bank-financed projects, the borrower addresses pest management issues in the context of the project's environmental assessment. In appraising a project that will involve pest management, the Bank will assess the capacity of the country's regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management. This subproject triggers the policy because of the use of pesticides in termite treatment in dam bodies or the increase in using plant protection chemicals during crop season of local people in project operation phase (some areas at the end of irrigation system will be stable in terms of water for 2 crops/year). OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams This policy is triggered for the whole project because of the safe operation of dams related to the socio-economic development and environment. When borrowing from the World Bank for construction of new dams, a borrower must propose a dam safety policy based on opinions of experienced and responsible experts in charge of design and construction supervision and that borrower, by way of the dam safety measures, will implement them throughout the project cycle. This policy also applies to the rehabilitation and improvement of existing dams, which affect the performance of a project. In this case, the dam safety assessment should be undertaken and additional dam safety measures should be proposed. OP 4.37 recommends that, in an appropriate circumstance, WB staff will discuss necessary measures with clients to strengthen institutional, legal and regulatory framework for dam safety programs. OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement The Involuntary Resettlement Policy is to address long-term difficulties, poverty and environmental impacts on affected people during a resettlement process. OP 4.12 applies to regardless of whether an affected person is relocated or not. The WB describes all processes and results of "involuntary resettlement" or simply resettlement, even when affected people are not required to relocate. The resettlement is involuntary when the Government has the right to requisition of land or other assets, and when the affected people have no choice to maintain their current livelihood. This policy is applied because this Subproject has effects on involuntary or temporary involuntary land acquisition and loss of affected land-related structures and assets for the construction of the Subproject. After appraisal, the Subproject prepared and disseminated a resettlement policy framework and a resettlement plan. The Resettlement Policy Framework and the Resettlement Plan includes measures to ensure that displaced persons (i) are informed of resettlement options; (ii) consulted and selected alternative resettlement options; and (iii) compensated and supported for livelihood restoration. WBG EHS Guidelines The Environment, Health and Safety Guideline (EHS) by a World Bank Group Page | 58 (WBG)/International Finance Corporation (IFC) was introduced in 2008. This is an important guideline on environmental, health and safety protection in industrial development and other projects. It set out the goals to be achieved and measures to be taken to deliver the best results at reasonable costs. This Guideline can be found at the website http://www.ifc.org. World Bank’s policy on Access to Information In addition to the environmental safeguard policies to promote the transparency and the accountability, WB issued the Information Access Policy relating to proposed safeguard measures. It sets out the policy to support borrowers’ decision-making by allowing them accessing information relating to social and environmental aspects of such projects at the website in native language, which is easy to understand and intuitive. The WB ensures that relevant environmental and social protection documents related to such projects as well as the preparation procedures related to subprojects are introduced timely prior to the appraisal. The World Bank’s information access policy requires disclosure of information in both English and Vietnamese languages and meets the World Bank’s standards. Table 10: Summary of environmental assessment process of WB & Government of Vietnam The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No. 40/2019/NĐ-CP, assessment process Assessment) Circular No 25/2019/TT-BTNMT) Screening - List of categories (A, B, C, FI) • Appendices I and II of - It is not mandatory for each Decree 40/2019: List of projects specific case to classify, apply that must submit Strategic safety policy and determine Environmental Assessment environmental assessment tool (SEA) and Environmental (EA). Impact Assessment (EIA) reports - The World Bank will classify a for appraisal and approval. The proposed project into one of four project owner self-screens the categories including A, B, C, or FI project according to the depending on type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project appendices I, II and consults with and the nature, the importance of the provincial Department of its potential environmental impacts. Natural Resources and - Category A: Requirement for full Environment (DONRE) or the environmental impact assessment. Vietnam Environment In some cases, the social and Administration (VEA) to know environment management how to classify appropriate EA framework is required, too. report of the project: (i) Project - Category B: ESIA, social and on the list in Appendix I: SEA; environment management (ii) Projects listed in Appendix 2: framework or social and EIA or Environmental Protection environment management plan is Plan (EPP). required. In most cases, social and environment management framework and/or social and environment management plan are required. - Category C: no EA action. - Category FI: social and environment management framework is the most commonly tool. In the case of a number of sub- Page | 59 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No. 40/2019/NĐ-CP, assessment process Assessment) Circular No 25/2019/TT-BTNMT) projects that have been identified before the appraisal, the FI will prepare specific tools based on the frameworks, e.g. the ESIA or social and environment management plan. Environmental - Depending on the project impacts, a - The EA tools like SEA, EIA or assessment tool range of tools are used to meet the EPP are identified based on World Bank's requirements, Appendixes: I, II, III and IV of including: environmental and Decree No.18/2015/ND-CP. social management framework; specific environmental assessment; environmental and social Scope of - The World Bank helps the borrower - TOR for EA is not required. environmental to draft the TOR for EA and to - Normally, after consultation with assessment determine the EA scope, the local DONRE or the procedures, timetable and outline of EnvironmentalDepartment (VEA) a EA report. about the type of EA, Project - A Category A project require ESIA Owner will prepare an EA report. TOR and the determination of scope and consultation will be necessary to prepare the TOR for environmental assessment report. Community - During the EA, the Borrower must - Project owner is responsible for consultation consult with affected groups and consulting with the People's local NGOs on the environmental Committee of the commune, ward aspects of the project and focus their or township (hereinafter referred views. to as the commune) where project - For a C a t e g o r y A project, the is being implemented, consulting Borrower shall consult these groups with organizations or at least twice: (a) immediately after communities directly affected by the environmental inspection and project; Research and receive before the EA TOR completion; objective opinions and requests and (b) once a draft EA report has from relevant agencies to been prepared. In addition, the minimize project negative Borrower will consult with these impacts on the natural groups throughout the project environment, biodiversity and implementation process as needed public health. to address issues related to EA that Commune People's Committees affect them. where a project is implemented - For a category B project, there and organized and directly affects should be at least one community will be consulted. Project owner consultation meeting. is responsible for submitting the EIA report to the commune-level - For meaningful consultations, the Borrower provides relevant project people's committees where the documents in a timely manner prior project is implemented and to the consultation in a form and organized and directly affects, language that the group can together with a written request for understand and be accessible to. comment. Within 15 working days from the date on which a - The minutes of the public meeting EIA report is received, the Page | 60 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No. 40/2019/NĐ-CP, assessment process Assessment) Circular No 25/2019/TT-BTNMT) are included in the report. commune-level people's committees and organizations under the direct impact of the project are obliged to submit their responses if they do not approve the project. - The community consultation is carried out in the form of community meetings co-chaired by the Project Owner and the commune people's committees where the project is implemented together with the participation of the community like Vietnam Fatherland Front, socio-political organizations, socio-professional organizations,population quarters, villages/hamlets. All opinions of participants in the meetings must be fully and truthfully presented in the minutes of the meeting. Public information - Before the World Bank conducts a - After EIA report is approved, the project appraisal, EA report must be Project Owner is responsible for made public in a way that is easily preparing, approving and publicly accessible to project-affected displaying EMP at the local groups and local NGOs. When the Commune People's Committee World Bank officially receives office, in consultation with the report, the World Bank will community for people’s publish the report in English to the information,inspection, public via its website. monitoring. (Article 16, Decree 40/2019/NĐ-CP) Independent -For a Category A project, the -This content is not regulated in environmental Borrower retains independent EA Vietnamese policy. specialist specialist who have no contact with -The Project Owner shall the project to implement EA. implement or hire a consulting -For a high-risk Categroy A project or unit which satisfies the conditions a project with multi-dimensional specified in Clause 1, Article 13 environmental concerns, the of Decree No.18/2015 to make Borrower will also hire a EIA report. Project Owner or consultative group of independent consultancy companies must fully environmental specialists with meet the following conditions: (i) international qualifications to advise Staff responsible for EIA must on the project aspects relating to have at least BA degree and EIA EA. consultancy certificate; (ii) - Specialists/consultancy companies specialized staff involved in the will be selected through bidding project must have university or under the close supervision of the higher degrees; (iii) have Page | 61 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No. 40/2019/NĐ-CP, assessment process Assessment) Circular No 25/2019/TT-BTNMT) World Bank. laboratory and testing equipment certified for measuring, sampling, processing and analyzing environmental samples for the environmental impact assessment of the project; In the absence of a laboratory, the calibration equipment must meets the requirements and there must be contract with qualified unit. EA - The WB reviews EA's findings and - The Ministry of Natural review/approval recommendations to determine if Resources and Environment process it provides sufficient grounds for appraise and approve EIA reports the Bank to process the project. of the projects specified in When Borrower has completed all Appendix III to this Decree, excluding the projects relating to or part of the environmental defense and security contents. assessment before the Bank - The Ministries or the ministerial- participates in a project, the Bank level agencies shall appraise and will consider the environmental approve EIA reports on projects assessment to ensure its under their competence for consistency with this policy. The investment approval, except for Bank may, where appropriate, projects listed in Appendix III to request additional environmental this Decree; assessments, including public - The Provincial People's consultation and disclosure. Committees conduct appraisal and approval of EIA reports for projects in their provinces, except the projects mentioned above. - The appraisal will take place at least 45 working days at the MONRE level and 30 working days at the DONRE level and 5 working days at the district level after receipt of full Environmental Impact Assessment or full EPP. The number - Number of copies are not specified. - Project Owner must submit at and language of - Language requirements: English least 07 environmental impact the EA/EIA to and Vietnamese. EA reports in assessment reports (depending on be evaluated Vietnamese are required for number of appraisal committee domestic disclosure and must be in members) and 01 feasibility study English for publication on the or technical report of a proposed World Bank’s website. project. Content of EA - For a Category A project, the - The content of a n EIA report report content of a EA report is in line with must be in line with Circular Appendix B of OP4.01. 25/2019/TT-BTNMT. - The EA scope for a Category B project may vary depending on each Page | 62 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No. 40/2019/NĐ-CP, assessment process Assessment) Circular No 25/2019/TT-BTNMT) project, but the EA's scope is narrower than that of a A-type project. An environmental and social management plan is an integral part of an EA type A (regardless of other tools to be used). EA for a B-type project may also be an environmental and social management plan with the content set out in Appendix C of OP 4.01. Monitoring EA - During the project implementation, - The local DONRE is entrusted the World Bank will supervise the monitoring the environmental implementation of the compliance of the projects. environmental aspects on the basis - At the end of the project of environmental regulations and construction phases, the the Borrower arranges reports of the Environmental Management agreement in the Loan Agreement Agency will coordinate with the and in other project documents to ConstructionManagement Agency determine if the compliance of the to monitor the compliance of the Borrower's Environmental environmental management Procedures (mainly with EMP) is activities stated in the EAs. satisfactory. If the compliance is not satisfactory, the World Bank will discuss with the Borrower to ensure the compliance, if necessary. Page | 63 CHAPTER 4. NATURAL CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 4.1. Natural conditions 4.1.1.Geographical location Quang Nam Province is located in Central Vietnam, 883km to the South from Hanoi Capital, 68km to the South from Da Nang City and 887km to the North from Ho Ch Minh City. It borders on Thua Thien - Hue province and Da Nang city to the North, Quang Ngai and Kon Tum provinces to the South, Sekong province (Lao People's Democratic Republic) to the West, the East Sea to the East. Quang Nam has 18 district-level administrative units, including 2 cities, 1 town and 15 districts with 247 communes / wards / towns. Quang Nam's provincial capital is Tam Ky city. The total natural land area of the province is 10,438 km2. Quang Nam has a 125 km coastline, many beautiful and famous beaches along the coast, such as: Ha My (Dien Ban), Cua Dai (Hoi An), Binh Minh (Thang Binh), Tam Thanh (Tam Ky), Bai Rang (Nui Thanh) ... In general, Quang Nam's natural conditions have many advantages and potentials for developing a diverse and unique cultural career (developing cultural sub-regions), developing tourism (cultural tourism, Ecotourism). The 14 reservoirs of the project are located in Nui Thanh, Phu Ninh, Tien Phuoc, Que Son, Thang Binh, Dai Loc and Duy Xuyen districts of Quang Nam province. Figure 3: Quang Nam Province administrative map 4.1.2. Geological characteristic This ESIA report cited the geological survey results from the Geological Condition Survey Page | 64 reports for each construction. The Geological Condition Survey Report is one of the subproject's products. For detailed geological conditions please refer to the Geological Survey Report of the subproject. a) Ho May Reservoir - Nui Thanh District ❖Main Dam Main dam has relatively uniform strata and is distributed by following layers: -Layer 1: Embankment soil: Includes a mixture of mixed clay, clay mixed with gravel, red brown, light yellow, half solid to solid. The origin of this layer is the diluvium (edQ). Average water permeability, K = 3.10 x 10-5cm/s -Layer 2: Consists of mixed clay and red brown, yellowish clay; The state changes from soft to half solid. The origin is the weathered remains from the original rock (edQ). Average water permeability is K = 7,0 x 10-5 cm/s -Layer 3: Complete weathering zone (IA1): Composed of gravel and mixed clay; white gray, brown gray. The natural state of the soil is soft to half solid. The average water permeability is K = 1,16 x 10-3 cm/s -Layer 4: Strong weathering zone (IA2): Composed of macadam and rock pieces sandwiched by soil, white gray, blue gray, yellow brown. The natural state of the soil changes from soft to half solid. Drill core ratio varies from 5 to 25% -Layer 5: Medium weathering zone (IB): Including macadam and white gray, blue gray un-weathered rock fragments; drill core from 20 to 45%; natural state of hard soil, compact structure. Origin is granite Chu Lai complex (γPR3cl) -Layer 6: Light weathering zone (IIA): Stone has not been destroyed and still maintains the shape and structure of the original gray white, blue gray stone; The drill core varies from 40 to 75%. The origin is intrusive magma of Chu Lai complex (γPR3cl) From above analysis, some conclusions drawn out as follows: -The stratum of the dam is relatively homogeneous in terms of area and depth, physical properties of rock and soil are stable, dam body is stable and does not have cracks. -The permeability of the layers varies. The embankment layer has a low water permeability that conforms to the requirements of the standard. ❖Secondary dam and weir Strata of area in secondary dam and weir are as follows (at center of the weir, there are exposed stone of class IB and IIA): -Layer 1: Embankment soil: Includes a mixture of mixed clay, clay mixed with gravel, red brown, light yellow, half solid to solid. The origin of this layer is the residual soil (edQ). -Layer 2: Consists of mixed clay and red brown, yellowish clay; The state changes from flexible soft to half solid. The origin is the weathered remains from the original rock (edQ). It has a low to average water permeability. -Layer 3: Complete weathering zone (IA1): Composed of gravel and mixed clay; white gray, brown gray. The natural state of the soil is soft to half solid. It has an average water permeability. -Layer 4: Strong weathering zone (IA2): Composed of macadam and rock pieces sandwiched by soil, white gray, blue gray, yellow brown. The natural state of the soil changes from soft to half solid. Drill core ratio varies from 5 to 25%. -Layer 5: Medium weathering zone (IB): Including macadam and white gray, blue gray un-weathered rock fragments; drill core from 20 to 45%; natural state of hard soil, Page | 65 compact structure. Origin is granite Chu Lai complex (γPR3cl). -Layer 6: Light weathering zone (IIA): Stone has not been destroyed and still maintains the shape and structure of the original gray white, blue gray stone; The drill core varies from 40 to 75%. The origin is intrusive magma of Chu Lai complex (γPR3cl). b)Dap Da Reservoir - Phu Ninh District ❖Main dam Main dam has relatively uniform strata and is distributed by following layers: -Layer 1: Embankment soil: Includes a mixture of mixed clay, clay mixed with gravel, red brown, light yellow, half solid to solid. The origin of this layer is the residual soil (edQ). Average water permeability, K = 3.10 x 10-5cm/s -Layer 2: Consists of mixed clay and red brown, yellowish clay; The state changes from soft to half solid. The origin is the weathered remains from the original rock (edQ). Average water permeability is K = 7.0 x 10-5 cm/s -Layer 3: Complete weathering zone (IA1): Composed of gravel and mixed clay; white gray, brown gray. The natural state of the soil is soft to half solid. The average water permeability is K = 1,16 x 10-3 cm/s -Layer 4: Strong weathering zone (IA2): Composed of macadam and rock pieces sandwiched by soil, white gray, blue gray, yellow brown. The natural state of the soil changes from soft to half solid. Drill core ratio varies from 5 to 25% -Layer 5: Medium weathering zone (IB): Including macadam and white gray, blue gray un-weathered rock fragments; drill core from 20 to 45%; natural state of hard soil, compact structure. Origin is granite Chu Lai complex (γPR3cl) -Layer 6: Light weathering zone (IIA): Stone has not been destroyed and still maintains the shape and structure of the original gray white, blue gray stone; The drill core varies from 40 to 75%. The origin is intrusive magma of Chu Lai complex (γPR3cl) From above analysis, some conclusions drawn out as follows: -The stratum of the dam is relatively homogeneous in terms of area and depth, physical properties of rock and soil are stable, dam body is stable and does not have cracks. -The permeability of the layers varies. The embankment layer has a low water permeability that conforms to the requirements of the standard. ❖Secondary dam and weir Strata of area in secondary dam and weir are as follows (at center of the weir, there are exposed stone of class IB and IIA): -Layer 1: Embankment soil: Includes a mixture of mixed clay, clay mixed with gravel, red brown, light yellow, half solid to solid. The origin of this layer is the residual soil (edQ) -Layer 2: Consists of mixed clay and red brown, yellowish clay; The state changes from flexible soft to half solid. The origin is the weathered remains from the original rock (edQ). It has a low to average water permeability -Layer 3: Complete weathering zone (IA1): Composed of gravel and mixed clay; white gray, brown gray. The natural state of the soil is soft to half solid. It has an average water permeability -Layer 4: Strong weathering zone (IA2): Composed of macadam and rock pieces sandwiched by soil, white gray, blue gray, yellow brown. The natural state of the soil changes from soft to half solid. Drill core ratio varies from 5 to 25% -Layer 5: Medium weathering zone (IB): Including macadam and white gray, blue gray Page | 66 un-weathered rock fragments; drill core from 20 to 45%; natural state of hard soil, compact structure. Origin is granite Chu Lai complex (γPR3cl). -Layer 6: Light weathering zone (IIA): Stone has not been destroyed and still maintains the shape and structure of the original gray white, blue gray stone; The drill core varies from 40 to 75%. The origin is intrusive magma of Chu Lai complex (γPR3cl) c)Da Vach Reservoir - Tien Phuoc District ❖Weir and culvert -The old dam embankment layer (eQ) covered on the dam foundation includes clay and clay in reddish-brown-brown color, with state from flexible solid to hard, compact structure, the soil is completely consolidated. It has weak water permeability varying from K = 3.54 x 105 cm / s to 3.67 x 10-5 cm / s. -Mixture of eluvium (eQ) and diluvium (deQ) composed of clay, clay mixed with gravel, gray brown, reddish brown; The state changes from half solid to solid. Compact structure. It has low water permeability K = 7 x 10^-5 cm/s. -Complete weathering zone (IA1), consisting of macadam and gravel mixed with clay, the color is gray-brown and grey; The macadam has sharp cylindrical edges. The natural state is from flexible soft to flexible solid. When contacting with water, it becomes porous. -Strong weathering zone (IA2), composed of macadam and rock fragments, sandwiched with soil. The natural state of the soil changes from flexible to half solid; RQD <15% -Medium weathered zone (IB) consists of macadam and pieces of stone that have not been fully weathered, filled with soil; it is gray brown, blue gray; natural state of solid soil, compact structure; it also retains the shape of gneis granite - gedrit - kyanite schist of Kham Duc formation. The stone cracked strongly, the cracks were filled with clay and iron oxide, the intensity of the stone ingot decreases sharply; RQD varies from 10% to 30%. -Light weathering zone (IIA); Mostly maintains the color and structure of the original stone; Natural state from solid to highly solid; The composition includes the lower part of biotite gneis schist, biotite plagiogneis, mica schist with graphite, which appears in thin layer. The rocks of Kham Duc formations are crumpled, strongly curving leading to plication, creating the texture of west - northwest, east - southeast, with a gentle slope angle of 30° - 40°; RQD = (30-50)%. The surface of zone IIA is unstable, serrated. From above analysis, some conclusions can be drawn out as follows: -Stratum of left side of the dam is relatively homogeneous in terms of area and depth, physical properties of rock and soil are stable, dam body is stable and does not have cracks. -The permeability of the rock layer varies. The embankment layer has a low permeability that conforms to the requirements of the standard. However, at the time of surveying the downstream of the dam, groundwater appeared on the surface of the dam from the elevation of +85.20m to +87.0m (the current water level of the reservoir is +88.20 m ) ❖Weir Strata of weir area are as follows: -Construction stone with mortar grade 100 and concrete grade 200 of the old weir is solid; there are some positions having cracks and subsided in different directions.. -Mixture of eluvium (eQ) and diluvium (edQ) composed of mixed clay, clay with gravel; brownish grey, reddish brown; state changes from half solid to solid; compact Page | 67 structure. Low water permeability -Complete weathering zone (IA1), consisting of macadam and gravel mixed with clay, the color is gray-brown and grey; The macadam has sharp cylindrical edges. The natural state is from flexible soft to flexible solid. When contacting with water, it becomes porous. -Strong weathering zone (IA2), composed of macadam and rock fragments, sandwiched with soil. The natural state of the soil changes from flexible to half solid; RQD <20% -Medium weathered zone (IB) consists of macadam and pieces of stone that have not been fully weathered, filled with soil; it is gray brown, blue gray; natural state of solid soil, compact structure; it also retains the shape of gneis granite - gedrit - kyanite schist of Kham Duc formation. The stone cracked strongly, the cracks were filled with clay and iron oxide, the intensity of the stone ingot decreases sharply; RQD varies from 20% to 50% -Light weathering zone (IIA); Mostly maintains the color and structure of the original stone; Natural state from solid to highly solid; The composition includes the lower part of biotite gneis schist, biotite plagiogneis, mica schist with graphite, which appears in thin layer. The rocks of Kham Duc formations are crumpled, strongly curving leading to plication, creating the texture of west - northwest, east - southeast, with a gentle slope angle of 30° - 40°; RQD = (50-70)%. The surface of zone IIA is unstable, serrated d) Thang Loi Reservoir - Tien Phuoc District -Layer 1a: Dam face embankment layer - Sand mixed with dusty clay; the color is brown, gray-brown, red brown, blue gray. Medium tight structure. This layer is only found in the TL1 hole with a thickness of 0.2m.. -Layer 3: Embankment soil for dam body - Clay sand mixed with colors of golden brown, yellow gray, blue gray. Flexible soft - flexible solid texture. Thickness varies from 0.8 - 7.1m; This layer is found in all drilled hole. It is the main embankment material of the dam body. -Layer 3a: Sand mixed with little clay dust of yellow gray, yellowish brown, light green color. Tight medium-tight texture. This layer has a thickness ranging from 0.2 to 4.0 m and is found in the TL1 drill hole. At TL2 hole in the dam body, its has the form of embankment soil lens.. -Layer CW: Granodiorit porphyr stone is completely weathered into clay - sand with some macadam from original stone; colors of yellow brown, blue gray, white gray. Thickness varies from 0.7m (TL2) to 8.2m (TL3); In the drilling hole TL1, drilled from 0.8m - 1.8m, has not passed this layer. -Layer MW: Granodiorit porphyr stone with gray, white, light pink, black colors; Moderate - cracked weathered stone, crushed rock, 10 cm long; RQD of 80%; Hardness level 7-8. This layer is found in borehole TL2 and TL3; the thickness is not defined; at TL2 12.0 m deep into 4m rock, it has not drilled pass this layer e) Dong Nhon Reservoir - Nui Thanh district ❖Main and secondary dams Main dam has relatively uniform strata and is distributed by following layers: -Layer 1: Embankment soil (edQ): Includes a mixture of mixed clay, clay mixed with gravel, red brown, light yellow, half solid to solid. The origin of this layer is the residual soil. Average water permeability, K =2.57x10-5 cm/s. -Layer 2: Consists of mixed clay and red brown, yellowish clay; The state changes from flexible soft to half solid. The origin is the weathered remains from the original granie Page | 68 rock (edQ). It has low water permeability K = 4,30x10-5 cm/s -Layer 3:The completely weathered zone (IA1) has components of macadam and mixed clay with white gray, blue gray, reddish brown colors. The natural state of the soil is soft to half solid. K = 5.90x10-4 cm/s. -Layer 4: Strong weathered zone (IA2)) with composition of macadam and pieces of stone sandwiched in mixed clay, soil ratio is from 40 - 60%; the drill core rate <25%. Natural state of the soil is solid - haft solid with medium tight texture. When contacting with water, it becomes porous.. -Layer 5: Medium weathering zone (IB) consists of macadam and pieces of stone that have not been fully weathered, covered by clayey soil. The soil accounts for about 30-40%; macadam and rock pieces account for 30-20%; The drill core ratio is from (25 to 55)%, the natural state is of hard, compacted soil; the shape of Chu Lai Complex granite original stone is still remained. The rock is strongly cracked; the Lugeon value from water pressure experiment is (Lu = 22,49) -Layer 6: Light weathering zone (IIA) with less, tight cracks; the state of medium-solid to solid with white-gray to blue-gray colors; RQD = 50-75%; it has origin of two mica granite, biotite granite of Chu Lai complex From above analysis, some conclusions can be drawn out as follows -The stratum of the dam is relatively homogeneous in terms of area and depth, physical properties of rock and soil are stable, dam body is stable and does not have cracks. - The permeability of the layers varies. The embankment layer has a low water permeability that conforms to the requirements of the standard ❖Weir Stratum of the weir area as follows (at center of the weir, there are some original stone of zone IB and IIA exposed): -Layer 1: edQ zone consists of a mixed clay with gravel with yellowish brown, dark gray colors, the state changes from soft to half solid. It is the product of granite original weathered crust. It has low water permeability -Layer 2: The completely weathered zone (IA1) has components of macadam and mixed clay, with white gray, blue gray, reddish brown colors. The natural state of the soil is soft to half solid -Layer 3: The strong weathering zone (IA2) contains macadam and rock fragments sandwiched by clay, the soil content accounts for 40-60%; drill core ratio is <25%. The natural state of the soil is hard - half hard, medium-tight texture. When exposed to water, it becomes porous. -Layer 4: Medium weathered zone (IB) consists of macadam and pieces of stone that have not been fully weathered, filled with clayey soil. The soil function accounts for about 30-40%; macadam and rock pieces account for 30-20%; drill core ratio is from (25 to 55)%, natural state of hard soil, compact structure, the shape of granite of Chu Lai Complex remains. -Layer 5: Light weathering zone (IIA) with little, tight cracks; the state is medium solid to solid with gray-white to gray-blue color; RQD = 50-75%; it has origin of two mica granite, biotite granite of Chu Lai complex. f) Ho Giang Reservoir - Que Son District -Layer 1: Silty clay mixed with sand; brown, yellow brown, red brown colors; half solid - solid state. The thickness varies from 2.3 to 4.0m, this layer occurs in all boreholes along the dam. -Layer 2a: Sand with little gravel mixed with silty clay; grayish brown, red brown, dark Page | 69 gray, blue gray colors; medium-compact to compact texture. Thickness varies from 3.5 to 5.2 meters, and is found in HG1 and HG2 boreholes; in HG3, this layer does not exist. -Layer 2: Sand mixed with silty clay; grayish brown, red brown, dark gray, blue gray colors; Medium-compact to compact texture. The thickness changes from 3.5 to 5.2 meters and is found in HG1 and HG2 boreholes; in HG3, this layer does not exist -Layer 3: silty clay mixed with sand; brown, blue gray, dark gray, red brown, white gray colors; half solid to solid state. The thickness varies from 2.7 - 1.3m. In HG1, this layer does not appear. -Layer CW: the basalt rock is completely weathered into light-medium clayey with little pieces of original stone; the colors are yellow brown, blue gray, white gray. This layer is encountered in HG3 with thickness of 6.5m; the HG1 has not passed this layer; this layer does not appear in HG2.. -Layer HW: White gray, light pink gray, black basalt stone N2-Q1. It is strong weathered stone - strong cracking, is crushed into small pieces. Drill core ratio is 40-50%. Hardness level is 7-8. This layer is encountered in HG2; the HG3 does not pass this layer; the HG1 has not reached this layer yet. g) Cao Ngan Reservoir - Thang Binh district -Layer 1: Dam - weir faces is made of concrete with navy, blue-grey, white-grey colors. The thickness is from 0.2 - 0.6m. It is encountered in all boreholes. -Layer 2a: Embankment soil - sand mixed with silty clay with colors of brown, yellowish brown grey, brown red, blue grey. The state is half solid. It is encountered in CN1 and CN3 with thickness varying from 0.5 - 6.3m. In CN4 on Layer 3b, this layer does not appear. -Layer 3a: Sand mixed with silty clay with colors of yellow - grey, brown-grey, light blue. The texture is medium compact - compact. It is encountered in CN1 - CN3 with thickness varying from 1.0 - 3.0m. In CN4, this layer does not appear -Layer 3b: Sand mixed with silty clay with colors of yellow-brown, yellow-grey, blue- grey. The texture is flexible soft - flexible solid. It is encountered in all layers with thickness varying from 2.2 - 18m -Layer 3: Sand mixed with silty clay with colors of yellow-brown, yellow-grey, blue-grey. The texture is flexible solid with lens form scattered in Layer 3b -Layer HW: Granodiorit horblend stone with colors of white-grey, light pink grey, black. It is strongly weathered - seriously cracked, crushed into pieces. Drill core ratio is 40 - 50%. The hardness level is 6. This layer is encountered in CN4 with thickness of 2.2m; CN3 does not pass this layer; CN1 and CN2 does not have this layer. -Layer SW: Đá Granodiorit horblend stone with colors of white-grey, light pink grey, black. It is slightly weathered - cracked. Drill core is 20 - 30cm crane with ratio of 80 - 90%. Stone hardness level is 7-8. This layer is encountered in CN1, CN2 and CN4. However, these boreholes have not passed this layers; the thickness to stone in CN2 is 12m.. h) Ho Lau Reservoir - Phu Ninh District -Layer 2: Sand mixed with silty clay; grayish brown, red brown, dark gray, blue gray colors; Medium-compact to compact texture. This layer is found in HL1, HL2 and HL3 with the depth varying from 2.3 to 8.3 meters and boreholes; in HL4 and HL5, this layer does not exist. -Layer 2b: Dust mixed with clay in colors of grey, brown grey, dark grey, yellowish grey with brown grey, brown red. It has medium compact texture. This layer is encountered in all boreholes with depth from 1.1 to 9.6m. Page | 70 -Layer 3a: Sand mixed with clay dust in colors of grey, yellowish grey, brown grey and light grey. This layer is encountered in HL1 - HL4 with the depth changing from 2.3 to 4.6m. In HL5, this layer does not exist. -Layer 3: Dusty clay mixed with sand in colors of brown, blue grey, dark grey, brown red and white grey. The state is half solid - solid. This layer is encountered in HL1 - HL3 with depth of 0.9 - 3.8m. The HL1, which reaches depth of 15m, does not pass this layer. HL4 and HL5 does not have this layer. -Layer CW: Bionit quarzt with colors of white grey, light pink grey, black. It is completely weathered to medium - light clay with some pieces of original stones in colors of yellow brown, blue grey, white grey. This layer is encountered in HL3 and HL4. HL3 reaches this layer for about 0.6m. In HL4, this layer has thickness of 5.1m -Layer MW: Biotit quarzt with colors of white grey, light pink grey, black. It is medium weathered, strongly cracked. The stone is broken for 10cm. Drill core is 80%. The stone is medium solid. This layer is encountered in HL2, HL4, HL5, which do not drill pass this layer. i) Ho Trau Reservoir - Nui Thanh District. ❖Main dam and water intake culvert. Main dam has relatively uniform strata and is distributed by following layers: -Layer 1: Embankment soil: composed of mixed clay - clay with macadam in colors of light yellow, brown red. The state is half solid to solid, and originated from old remains (edQ). Average water permeability is K = 4.67x10-5 cm/s. -Layer 2: Diluvium (edQ) composed of sandy clay with macadam in colors of white grey, brown red, pinky violet. The state changes from flexible soft to half solid. Average water permeability is K = 7.19x10-5cm/s. -Layer 3: Completely weathered (IA1) composed of crushed gravel with mixed clay - mixed sand in colors of white grey, dark white. Natural state of this layer is flexible soft to half solid. Average water permeability K = 3.49x10-4cm/s -Layer 4: Strongly weathered (IA2) composed of grit and pieces of stone sandwiched by soil in colors of white grey, blue grey; drill core (RQD) <25%. Natural state of this layer is flexible soft to half solid. -Layer 5: Medium weathered (IB) composed of grits and pieces of stone that have not weathered fully yet, filled by soil, with colors of white grey, blue grey; drill core from 25 to 50%. Natural state is solid, compacted, and still have the form of granite of Chu Lai complex (PR3 cl) including gneisogranit biotit, granitmigmatit, gneisogranit 2 mica. Lugeon value after water pressure experiment is Lu = 16,32; From those above analysis, there are some assessment as follows: -The stratum of the dam is relatively homogeneous in terms of area and depth, physical properties of rock and soil are stable, dam body is stable and does not have cracks. - The permeability of the layers varies. The embankment layer has a low water permeability that conforms to the requirements of the standard. ❖Weir Stratum of weir and secondary dam area is as follows: -Layer 1: Diluvium (edQ) composed of sandy clay and macadam, with colors of white grey, brown red, pinky violet with state changing from flexible soft to half solid. It has average water permeability -Layer 2: Completely weathered zone (IA1) composed of macadam and mixed clay, with Page | 71 white grey, dark grey. The natural state of the soil is soft to half solid. It has average water permeability -Layer 3: Strongly weathered zone (IA2) composed of gravels and pieces of stone sandwiched by soil, with colors of white grey, blue grey; drill core (RQD) <25%. The natural state of the soil is soft to half solid. -Layer 4: Medium weathered zone (IB) composed of macadam and not-fully weathered stone, filled by soil, with colors of white grey, blue grey. Drill core ratio from 25 - 50%. Natural state is solid, compacted, and still have the form of granite of Chu Lai complex (PR3 cl) including gneisogranit biotit, granitmigmatit, gneisogranit 2 mica. j) Hoc Ket Reservoir - Duy Xuyen District -Layer 1: Old embankment soil (edQ) composed of mixed clay - clay with macadam, in colors of yellowish brown, brown red. The natural state is from flexible solid to solid; low water permeability K = 2.84 x 10-5 cm/s, the bottom of layer is fully saturated. . -Layer 2: Diluvium (edQ) composed of mixed clay, clay with gravel, in colors of brown red grey, white grey. The natural state is from flexible to flexible soft; low water permeability K=3.14x10-5cm/s. -Layer 3: Fully weathered zone (IA1) composed of clay mixed with gravel; dark grey, yellowish grey; flexible soft to flexible solid. K = 4.01 x 10^-4 cm/s -Layer 4: Strongly weathered zone (IA2) from sericite quarzt; dark white, grey white; the stone still present clear green from A Vuon formation; flexible soft to half solid; drill core ratio RQD < 15%. -Layer 5: Medium weathered zone (IB) from quartz sericite schist in siltstone and clay stone of A Vuong formation; blue gray, white gray; the natural state of the medium hard rock; RQD ratio varies from 25 to 45%. -Layer 6: Light weathered zone (IIA) from siltstone and clay stone schist of A Vuong formation; blue-gray, white-gray, the natural state of the rock is from solid to solid; rate of RQD from 30 to 65% From those above analysis, there are some assessment as follows: -Strata of main dam and secondary dam are relatively homogeneous in terms of area and depth, stable physical and rock properties, stable main dam body without cracks. Particularly for the secondary dam, there are signs of upstream face being collapsed, and water leakage at the downstream face. The downstream face of the dam is cracked in some locations that are mainly concentrated at dam foot. -The water permeability of soil layers is different. Embankment soil layer and diluvium (edQ) have low water permeability meeting standards. IA1, and IA2 with medium to strong water permeability are mainly in area of secondary dam and weir -One borehole is place in center of the weir to determine strata and take samples to assess stability of concrete and soil foundation at the weir. Downstream of the weir has, however, not been assessed yet. k) Ho Chinh Reservoir - Dai Loc District -Layer 1a: Clay mixed with sand, low plasticity; yellow-brown gray, reddish-brown, blue gray; half solid to solid state. This layer is found in all boreholes with thickness varying from 4.0-5.3 m -Layer 2b: Clayey sand with colors of gray, brownish gray, dark gray, yellow gray, gray, green, gray, brown, reddish-brown brown; Medium compact structure; This layer is encountered in the HC1 and HC2 with a thickness of 2.4-4.1m; This layer does not occur in HC3 -Layer 2a: Sand with silty clay with colors of grey, yellowish grey, brownish grey, blue Page | 72 grey; medium compact to high compact structure. This layer is encountered in HC3 with depth of 5.2m, but HC1, HC2. -Layer 3: Silty clay mixed with sand with colors of yellowish brown, blue grey. The state is flexible soft - flexible solid. This layer is encountered in HC2 with depth of 2.1m, but HC1 and HC3 -Layer MW1: Sandy power stone with colors of brownish purple, blue grey, and dark grey; medium weathered and cracked. Drill core is crushed. Drill core ratio is 80 - 90%. This layer is encountered in all boreholes, but the depth has not been defined since the drill cannot pass this layer. l) Huong Mao Reservoir - Que Son district -Layer 2: Sand mixed with silty cay; brownish grey, yellowish brown grey, white grey; Medium compact texture. This layer is encountered in all boreholes with depth changing from 12 - 14.2m. -Layer 3: Silty clay with less sand; brown, light yellow brown, blue grey; half solid - solid. This layer is encountered in HM3 with depth of 1.0m. It does not appear in HM1 and HM2 -Layer 3b: Sand mixed with clay sandwiched with thin clay; grey, dark grey, blue grey, yellowish grey; flexible soft - flexible solid; Less compact - medium compact structure. This layer is found in HM2 with depth of 2.8m -Layer CW: Biotit granite is completely weathered into medium - light clay with a little macadam; blue grey, white grey. This layer is found in HM1 and HM2 with depth of 0.6 - 3.3m; It does not appear in HM3. -Layer HW: Biotit granite; white grey, light pink grey, black. Medium weathered - strongly cracked, and crushed into 10cm long pieces. Drill core ratio is 80%. Hardness level 7-8. This layer is found in all boreholes with undefined depth since it has not drilled pass this layer. m) Hoc Bau Reservoir - Duy Xuyen District -Layer 1: Old embankment layer (edQ) composed of mixed clay - clay with gravel; yellowish brown, brown red; flexible solid - solid; low water permeability K = 2.16 x 10^-5 cm/s, the bottom of this layer is fully saturated. -Layer 2: Diluvium compounds (edQ) composed of mixed clay, clay with gravel; reddish brown grey, white grey; flexible - flexible soft; low water permeability K = 6,28 x 10^-5 cm/s -Layer 3: Completely weathered zone (IA1) composed of mixed clay with gravel; dark grey, yellowish grey; flexible soft to flexible solid. K = 1,19 x 10^-4 cm/s -Layer 4: Strongly weathered zone ( IA2) from sericite quarzt; milky white, grey white; the stone still presents clear green color of A Vuong formation; flexible solid to half solid; drill core <15%. K = 2,75 x 10^-4 cm/s -Layer 5: Medium weathered zone (IB) from sericite quarzt in form of powder and clay of A Vuong formation; blue grey, white grey; medium solid state; drill core ratio RQD changes from 15 - 40% -Layer 6: Light weathered zone (IIA) from quarzt in form of powder and clay of A Vuong formation; white grey; medium solid state; drill core ratio RQD changes from 40% to 65% From above analysis, some assessment can be presented as follows: -Strata of the dam’s left shoulder is relatively homogeneous in terms of area and depth, physical properties of stone and soil are stable without cracks. However, upstream face of the dam is subsided on parts under average water level. Page | 73 -There are differences between permeability of layers. Embankment layer and diluvium layer (edQ) have low water permeability which meets standards. IA1 and IA2 zone have medium water permeability -One borehole is place in center of the weir to determine strata and take samples to assess stability of concrete and soil foundation at the weir. Downstream of the weir has, however, not been assessed yet. n) Thai Xuan Reservoir - Nui Thanh District ❖Main dam, secondary dam and water intake culvert Main dam has relatively uniform strata and is distributed by following layers: -Layer 1: embankment soil: mixed clay - clay with gravel; light yellow, brownish red; half solid to solid, diluvium origin (edQ). Average water permeability K = 4.67x10-5 cm/s. -Layer 2: diluvium (edQ) including mixture of sandy clay with gravel; white grey; reddish brown; pinky purple; state changes from flexible soft to half solid. Average water permeability K = 7.19x10-5 cm/s. -Layer 3: Completely weathered zone (IA1) composed of gravel with mixed clay - mixed sand; white grey; milky white. Natural state is flexible soft to half solid. Average water permeability is K = 3,49x10-4 cm/s -Layer 4: Strongly weathered zone (IA2) composed of gravel and pieces of rock sandwiched by soil; white grey, blue grey; drill core ratio (RQD) < 25% Natural state is flexible soft to half solid -Layer 5: Medium weathered zone (IB) composed of gravel and not fully weathered rock, filled by soil; whity grey, blue grey; drill core ratio is from 25 - 50%; natural state is solid soil, compacted structure, and maintains shape of original granite of Chu Lai complex (PR3 cl) including gneisogranit biotit, granitmigmatit, gneisogranit 2 mica. Lugeon value from water pressure test is Lu = 16.32. -The IIA zone is located below but it has not reached this layer yet. From above analysis, it can be assessed as follows: -Strata of the dam’s left shoulder is relatively homogeneous in terms of area and depth, physical properties of stone and soil are stable without cracks. -There are differences between permeability of layers. Embankment layer has low water permeability which meets standards. ❖Weir Strata of weir’s area are as follows: -Layer 1: diluvium (edQ) composed of sandy clay with gravel; white grey; reddish brown; pinky purple; state changes from flexible soft to half solid. Average water permeability. -Layer 2: Completely weathered zone (IA1) composed of gravel with mixed clay - mixed sand, white grey; milky white; state changes from flexible soft to half solid. Average water permeability. -Layer 3: Strongly weathered zone (IA2) composed of gravel and pieces of rock sandwiched by soil; white grey, blue grey; drill core ratio (RQD) < 25%. Natural state is flexible soft to half solid. -Layer 4: Medium weathered zone (IB) composed of gravel and not fully weathered rock, filled by soil; white grey, blue grey; drill core ratio is from 25 - 50%; natural state is solid soil, compacted structure, and maintains shape of original granite of Chu Lai complex (PR3 cl) including gneisogranit biotit, granitmigmatit, gneisogranit 2 mica. 4.1.3.Topography Page | 74 The topography of Quang Nam leans from the West to the East, forming 3 types of clear ecological landscape, the Western high mountain type, the midland type in the middle and the coastal plain strip. The hilly and mountainous area accounted for 72% of the natural area with many tops higher than 2,000m, such as Lum Heo Mountain with a height of 2,045m, Tion mountain with a height of 2,032m, Gole - Lang mountain with a height of 1,855m (Phuoc Son District). [2] Mount Ngoc Linh 2,598m high, located between Quang Nam and Kon Tum boundaries, is the highest peak of Truong Son range [3] In addition, the Eastern sea area of Truong Giang river is a long sand dune stretching from Dien Ngoc, Dien Ban to Tam Quang, Mount Thanh. The surface of the terrain is divided by a rather developed river system including Thu Bon, Tam Ky and Truong Giang rivers. 4.1.4.Meteorological and climatic conditions The climatic characteristics of reservoirs are in line with the general climatic characteristics of Quang Nam - Da Nang provinces, which is the tropical monsoon climate of the inland and strongly influenced by the Truong Son range/ every year, there are 2 seasons with distinctly different climate characteristics. In winter, the North and Northeast winds prevail; the summer season is dominated by West, Southwest and Southeast winds The annual average temperature varies quite large in the range of 19-30oC. The average temperature for many years is Tbq = 25.7oC. The humidity characteristics in the project’s area: -Annual mean humidity: Ubq = 84.9%. -Most humid month is XII, with average humidity of 90.4%. -Driest month is VI, with average humidity of 77.6%. -Minimum absolute humidity: Umin tđ = 32%, occurs in V/2006 The average sunshine hours is 2101 hours / year. In the sunny year, from April to August, the number of sunshine hours in these months is usually over 200 hours; Most sunny months are in the V and VI with average sunshine hours up to 250 hours / month. Less sunny months are from September to March, during which the least sunny month is December (less than 100 hours) There are 2 wind seasons in a year -Summer wind: Active from V to IX. Predominant direction is West and Southwest. Average wind speed is 1.46m/s. Maximum wind speed is usually in this season. -Winter wind: Active in the other months (IX to IV).Predominant direction is South East. Average wind speed is 1.47m/s. Evaporation is strongest in dry months, especially in the months of June and July, which have high temperature and low humidity. In rainy season, evaporation is significantly reduced, especially in the months of November and December, when there is heavy rain and high air humidity. -Average evaporation for many years is: Ebq = 892mm/year (Piche measurement). -The month with the highest evaporation is VI: 118.9mm. -The month with the lowest evaporation is XII: 37.6mm. -The absolute maximum daily evaporation is 13.1 mm (VIII/1990) 4.1.5.Hydrological condition For natural basins as the ones being considered, the only source of flow in the basin is annual rainfall. Depending on the evolution of the rain and other climatic factors, the flow distribution is also strongly differentiated over time of the year, forming significantly contrast Page | 75 seasons of flood - dry. Normally, the flood season occurs and ends one month later than the rainy season. From the actual measured data from gauging stations in the area and neighboring ones, the main characteristics of the annual flow can be raised as follows: The annual flow depends on the rainfall regime and divided into 2 seasons: -Flood season: from the end of September to the beginning of October to December or early January, the water volume is abundant, accounting for about 65-70% of the total annual flow. However, this ratio varies greatly: the rainy year can be up to 75%, but the year with less rain is only about 50%. This season, floods often occur. -Dry season: from January to August of the following year, the flow is only the basic flow due to the regulation of the basin after the rainy season, the flows in the months of April, May and June are usually very small, only about 3.5% of the total year-round flow, making it difficult to irrigate crops and to supply for domestic uses In addition, the subproject area is also under the control of Vu Gia - Thu Bon river system and Tam Ky river system: ➢ Vu Gia - Thu Bon Rivers Characteristics -Vu Gia - Thu Bon River originates from the high mountains in the Eastern slopes of the Truong Son range, with a short river length and a large river slope. The mountain area is narrow, the river bank is steep, the river has many rapids, the curvature is from 1 ÷ 2 times. The section adjacent to the middle and lower reaches of the river bed is relatively wide and shallow, there are many dunes in the middle of the stream, downstream of the river bed are often changed. The river banks are low, so in the flood season every year the water flows into the fields and villages causing flood. Vu Gia - Thu Bon River consists of 2 main branches: -Vu Gia River consists of many river branches, notably the Dak Mi (Cai), Bung, A Vuong and Con rivers. Vu Gia River has a length of 204 km to Da Nang, 189 km to Cam Le, and 166 km to Ai Nghia. The catchment area to Ai Nghia is 5,180 km2. -Thu Bon river is originated from the border areas of Quang Nam, Kon Tum and Quang Ngai provinces at a height of more than 2,000 m, flowing in the South - North direction, to Phuoc Hoi river flowing in the Southwest - Northeast direction. When coming to Giao Thuy, the river flows in the West-East direction and flows into the sea at Cua Dai. The catchment area from upstream to Nong Son: 3,150 km2, 126 km long, the catchment area to Giao Thuy is 3,825 km2, 152 km long. ➢ Tam Ky river Tam Ky River is a confluence of 10 small rivers and streams, originating from the Western mountain ranges, flowing in the West - East direction to the main stream in Xuan Binh - Phu Tho, Tam Tra commune, Nui Thanh district, then in the West. North - Southeast flows to An Hoa estuary (Nui Thanh). Basin area is about 800km2. Due to being in a rainy area, watershed forest is less devastated so the flow is relatively regulated by season. The highest flow of Tam Ky River is 20.7m3/s. ➢ Flooding characteristics Due to the general circulation conditions and the typical weather conditions in the area, there have heavy rainfall events, spreading over a large area. Due to steep mountain terrain conditions, short and steep rivers have created large and high-intensity flood events with heavy inundation, affecting people's daily life and causing serious damage to local economy. In Quang Nam province, there are 2 hydrological stations on Thu Bon and Vu Gia rivers. The monitoring data for many years on these two rivers (and neighboring rivers) show the Page | 76 characteristics of the flood situation in the basins as follows. -According to the flow classification criteria in hydrology, every year the flood season is from October to December; The dry season is from January to September. January and September are transitional months between flood season and dry season and vice versa -Big flood events are in X, XI - especially XI. -The biggest monitored flood event in Vu Gia (Thanh My hydrological station) has Qmax=7,270m3/s (2009), maximum peak flow module Mmax=3.93 m3/s.km2. Qmax 3 3 2 3 3 2 1%=9,643m /s (Mmax 1%=5.21 m /s.km ); Qmax 2%=8,629 m /s (Mmax 2%=4.66m /s.km ). -The biggest monitored flood event in Thu Bon (Nong Son hydrological station) has Qmax=10,600m3/s (năm 1998, 1999 và 2007), maximum peak flow module Mmax=3,36 m3/s.km2. Qmax 1%=13,710 m3/s (Mmax 1%=4.35 m3/s.km2); Qmax 2%=12,564 m3/s (Mmax 3 2 2%= 3.98 m /s.km ). 4.1.6.Biological resources According to the report on current environment status of Quang Nam province, the biodiversity in the province has shown signs of serious decline in the monitored time. Causes affecting biodiversity include: Economic development (mining, hydropower, transport, agriculture); plants and animals trade; urbanization process Protected areas have been established in the province: Thanh River Nature Reserve, an area of over 79 hectares; Cu Lao Cham marine reserve, an area of 235 km2; Cu Lao Cham biosphere reserve - Hoi An, area of 280 km2. Protected areas expanded to Quang Nam: Bach Ma National Park was expanded to Quang Nam province in 2008 with an area of 3,107 ha in A Ting commune, Kon River, Dong Giang district; Ba Na - Nui Chua nature reserve was expanded to Quang Nam with an area of 2,573 ha located in Quang Nam and Da Nang provinces. Quang Nam is among the provinces with high biodiversity. Quang Nam has 1,129 species of vascular plant; 50 species of large mammals, 22 species of bats, 270 species of birds ...; populations of gray-shanked douc langurs and saola are of global importance. In addition, aquatic flora and fauna are also plentiful in the diversity of species in inland, wetland ecosystems, coastal wetland ecosystems, Cu Lao Cham marine protected area ecosystem.. According to scientists, the diversity and richness not only present rare and precious wild fauna and flora species with endemic gene sources, but also show gene sources of traditional and highly valued plants and animals, and traditional knowledge on medical plants. In the mountainous areas, the Provincial People's Committee made the development plan for medicinal plants, considering it a breakthrough in poverty reduction. At present, Nam Tra My district local government is forming a larger-scale medicinal nursery of 1ha including boerhavia diffusa, red ginseng, Giao Co Lam and Kim Cuong (orchid spread). Associating with enterprises to develop precious medicinal plants, according to the plan, about 1,910 hectares of 6-10 kinds of indigenous medicinal plants will be planted. Meanwhile, the science and technology and agriculture sectors are applying technical advances to restore plant and animal gene sources. Many areas have formed areas specializing in Ngoc Linh ginseng cultivation, Tra My cinnamon, Ba kich Tay Giang, and Tien Phuoc pepper. Surveys and consultations with authorities, local people and functional units in Quang Nam province indicate that in 14 reservoir, there are no aquatic and plant species that need to be protected or in prohibited list. The current ecosystems of the downstream section of 14 reservoirs can be described as not being biologically important. Downstream of the reservoirs works are agricultural land areas (paddy rice cultivation). The vegetation around the reservoir is mostly production forest of the local people (acacia, melaleuca). On the other hand, the subproject reservoirs are habitat to many species, especially Page | 77 commercially valued and edible fishes. Species found in reservoirs as well as in downstream canals include freshwater fishes such as bream, grass carp, tilapia and crustaceans like shrimp and small crabs. There are no endemic, rare fish species, or species listed as endangered. The vegetation at the construction areas of the 14 reservoirs of the subproject is divided into two separate areas. -In the construction area: the vegetation along the reservoirs bed has shrub species that live seasonally and are mainly timber trees of local people (Acacia and Melaleuca).. -In the irrigation area: the vegetation is the agricultural cultivation area (paddy rice) of the local people However, the reservoir’s area is not close to protected areas or high ecological value areas. Reservoir areas are more or less affected by people, around the reservoir area are mainly production forest areas of people. In general, ecosystems in the construction area of the lake do not have endemic flora and fauna that need protection. Ecosystems are mainly animals and crops of the local community in the subproject area. Cao Ngan Reservoir Ho May Reservoir Figure: Biodiversity in the subproject area 4.2. Natural disaster and climate change in Quang Nam Province The natural disasters situation in Quang Nam province is very complicated and tends to increase in terms of quantity and severity. Types of natural disasters that often occur in Quang Nam are tropical depressions, tropical storms, floods, thunderstorms, cyclones, lightning, drought, saline intrusion, landslides. Storm and tropical depressions Storms and tropical depression in Quang Nam usually occur from May to November, concentrating mainly in October and November. Tropical storms and tropical depression often come with heavy rain, so in addition to whirlwinds, the inland is also affected by floods and inundation. According to statistics, from 2010 to 2018, there were 105 storms and tropical depression in the East Sea, of which 02 storms affected Quang Nam province, causing serious damage to people and property of the State and the people. However, these two storms did not cause damage to the sub-project communes. Flood and inundation September to November each year is a period of flooding in Quang Nam Province. There are 3 types of weather patterns causing flooding in Quang Nam province: (i) Storms and tropical depressions; (ii) Northeast monsoon strongly increases in combination with storms and tropical depressions: (iii) When the southern convergence range combines Northeast monsoon Page | 78 From 2010 to 2018, there were 13 floods, including 06 category III floods and 07 ones under category III. However, the sub-project communes were not affected by the above mentioned flood events. Flash flood Every year, flash floods cause landslides and land erosion along rivers and streams which are quite complicated, especially in mountainous and midland districts with high slopes of rivers and streams. In recent years, due to the effects of high-intensity rain, flash floods appear more frequently with different levels. Flash floods often arises unexpectedly, occurs within a narrow range and great devastation causing serious damages to people and property, affecting the lives of people in areas along rivers and streams. No communes in the subproject area are affected by flash floods. Coastal and river banks erosion River banks erosion: the Thu Bon - Vu Gia river system has a short length and winding, the meandering is from 1.3 to 2 times. Due to the characteristics, every year during the flood season, the recesses along the river banks are often erode about 10 - 20m towards the banks, or more, causing productive land loss and damages, collapsing many houses and infrastructure works, irrigation works, in which Dien Ban, Dai Loc, Duy Xuyen, Hoi An city ... are the places affected the most. Coastal erosion: Quang Nam has a coastline of 125km, many coastal locations are eroded annually, affecting production land and residential areas and coastal tourism. Through monitoring survey from 2010 to present, in Cua Dai area (in Cua Dai ward, Hoi An city), the phenomenon of estuarine sedimentation and coastal erosion are complicated. Tam Hai commune - Nui Thanh districts; Duy Hai commune - Duy Xuyen district; Tam Thanh commune - Tam Ky city ... are the locations suffered from severe landslide due to storms and tropical depression. None of the communes in the subproject area have experienced river bank and coastal erosion. Mountain landslide The mountainous area of Quang Nam province has a complex geomorphology and geology, and the slope of the mountains is quite high. When heavy rains appear for many days, along with human impacts such as reclaiming, opening roads, deforestation, illegal mining ... it has caused landslides in many mountains, concentrated mainly in the midland and mountainous areas. According to the report of the Institute of Geology, through preliminary survey on 850km cross-section, along the main areas in some mountainous districts of Quang Nam province, there have been 42 locations with frequent landslides and 17 locations with route landslides, and 68 locations with point landslide The mountain landslides has not been recorded in any reservoir in the subproject area.. Thunderstorms, cyclone, lightning Thunderstorms, cyclone, lightning appear most from April to September, each month has 6 to 10 storms, the region with the most thunderstorms includes districts in midland and mountainous areas. Thunderstorms, cyclone, lightning are almost unpredictable types of disasters, it often happens unexpectedly, in small range but with great destructive power. The situation of the development of thunderstorms, cyclones, lightning tends to appear abnormal, increasing in quantity and intensity. Most thunderstorms, cyclone and lightning phenomena occur in communes in the subproject area in the rainy season, however, they do not cause damage to people and property in these communes. Disaster induced damages in last 7 years Page | 79 According to Steering Office of Quang Nam Province Natural Disaster Prevention, Search and Rescue Committee, from 2010 till present, there are 111 casualties, 423 injured and 94,000 households damaged...because of natural disasters. Total damage is approximately 4,200 billion VNDs 4.3. Environmental Quality Status The environment status is shown through soil parameters, water and air quality, measured in the field, analyzed in the laboratory. As a basis for assessing environmental impacts during construction and operation of reservoirs. This is necessary to control and minimize the impacts of construction and operation of reservoirs and dam safety. The environmental status of the subproject area is evaluated by two main methods as follows: -Rapid measurement method by on-site measuring devices -Laboratory analysis in accordance with Villas standard (ISO 17025:2005). In order to assess the current status of the quality of environmental components in the subproject area in March, April and May 2018, the project owner has collaborated with the Center for Environmental Research - Vietnam Institute of Meteorology Hydrology and Climate Change (VIMCERTS 168) conducted environmental surveys, measurements and sampling in accordance with Vietnamese standards and regulations on environment and laboratory analysis, while collecting related information and data. The Consultant conducted Surface water quality monitoring in 30 locations, Groundwater quality in 30 locations, Ambient air quality in 30 locations and Soil quality in 30 locations. Detailed results of each sample analyzed, sampling location graph, samples’ coordinates are shown in the Appendix Page | 80 1.Air Quality Monitoring parameters include: Micro-climatic parameters (temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric pressure), dust (TSP, PM10, PM2,5), concentration of pollutants in the air Pb, CO, NO2, NH3, SO2, H2S, O3, noise (mean and max). Table 11: Results of air environment monitoring in sub-project sites Hu Wi Atmosp Tem Wind mi nd heric Mean Max Reserv perat directi TSP PM10 PM2.5 Pb CO NO2 NH3 SO2 H 2S O3 Sym. dit spe pressur noise noise oir ure on y ed e oC % m/s - Atm mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 dBA dBA KK1 29.8 84 1.4 SW 1 0.055 0.027 0.007 <0.001 0.545 0.013 0.058 0.022 0.007 < 0.01 48 57 Ho KK2 29.5 83 1.5 SW 1 0.057 0.032 0.019 <0.001 0.55 0.015 0.072 0.022 < 0.006 < 0.01 45 56 May KK3 29.5 84 1.5 SW 1 0.057 0.033 0.019 <0.001 0.525 0.015 0.056 0.025 0.006 < 0.01 45 55 KK4 28.9 82 1.7 SW 1 0.043 0.03 0.018 <0.001 0.6 0.014 0.059 0.022 < 0.006 < 0.01 47 54 Dong KK5 29.2 82 1.5 SW 1 0.046 0.032 0.018 <0.001 0.595 0.014 0.062 0.02 < 0.006 < 0.01 50 58 Nhon KK6 29 80 1.5 SW 1 0.045 0.029 0.022 <0.001 0.62 0.018 0.07 0.023 < 0.006 < 0.01 48 57 Ho KK7 28.7 79 1.3 SW 1 0.051 0.037 0.024 <0.001 0.615 0.011 0.054 0.025 < 0.006 < 0.01 42 50 Trau KK8 28.7 81 1.3 SW 1 0.054 0.037 0.021 <0.001 0.535 0.01 0.063 0.028 < 0.006 < 0.01 41 50 Hoc KK9 29.3 84 1.5 SW 1 0.057 0.033 0.018 <0.001 0.55 0.01 0.062 0.027 < 0.006 < 0.01 45 53 Bau KK10 29.1 83 1.6 SW 1 0.052 0.031 0.013 <0.001 0.575 0.012 0.068 0.022 < 0.006 < 0.01 47 55 Hoc KK11 28.6 84 1.5 SW 1 0.061 0.028 0.014 <0.001 0.605 0.015 0.054 0.025 < 0.006 < 0.01 44 52 Ket KK12 28.4 82 1.5 SW 1 0.064 0.029 0.014 <0.001 0.525 0.014 0.063 0.022 < 0.006 < 0.01 48 55 Da KK13 29.2 82 1.8 SW 1 0.049 0.033 0.017 <0.001 0.63 0.014 0.059 0.02 < 0.006 < 0.01 41 48 Vach KK14 28.7 80 1.7 SW 1 0.047 0.031 0.02 <0.001 0.615 0.012 0.071 0.028 < 0.006 < 0.01 40 48 Dap KK15 28.8 82 1.5 SW 1 0.052 0.033 0.025 <0.001 0.535 0.02 0.055 0.026 0.007 < 0.01 42 52 Da KK16 29.2 78 1.3 SW 1 0.055 0.034 0.025 <0.001 0.55 0.019 0.06 0.026 < 0.006 < 0.01 45 55 Thang KK17 29.5 78 1.5 SW 1 0.058 0.031 0.022 <0.001 0.6 0.019 0.068 0.027 < 0.006 < 0.01 50 58 Page | 81 Hu Wi Atmosp Tem Wind mi nd heric Mean Max Reserv perat directi TSP PM10 PM2.5 Pb CO NO2 NH3 SO2 H 2S O3 Sym. dit spe pressur noise noise oir ure on y ed e oC % m/s - Atm mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 dBA dBA Loi KK18 28.9 81 1.6 SW 1 0.058 0.029 0.02 <0.001 0.595 0.015 0.064 0.025 < 0.006 < 0.01 48 55 Ho KK19 27.9 85 1.2 SW 1 0.06 0.03 0.016 <0.001 0.62 0.015 0.072 0.022 < 0.006 < 0.01 44 52 Giang KK20 28.4 84 1.2 SW 1 0.052 0.033 0.015 <0.001 0.615 0.017 0.076 0.024 < 0.006 < 0.01 48 55 Cao KK21 29.4 80 1.5 SW 1 0.055 0.028 0.015 <0.001 0.525 0.018 0.051 0.023 < 0.006 < 0.01 41 48 Ngan KK22 28.6 82 1.6 SW 1 0.048 0.028 0.014 <0.001 0.6 0.018 0.049 0.023 < 0.006 < 0.01 40 48 KK23 27.5 79 1.6 SW 1 0.051 0.03 0.022 <0.001 0.615 0.015 0.06 0.024 < 0.006 < 0.01 42 50 Ho Lau KK24 28 77 1.6 SW 1 0.044 0.035 0.022 <0.001 0.535 0.015 0.053 0.025 0.006 < 0.01 41 50 Ho KK25 29.1 85 1.4 SW 1 0.047 0.034 0.018 <0.001 0.615 0.018 0.065 0.025 < 0.006 < 0.01 45 53 Chinh KK26 29.4 82 1.4 SW 1 0.045 0.033 0.023 <0.001 0.535 0.014 0.068 0.023 < 0.006 < 0.01 45 55 Huong KK27 29 80 1.5 SW 1 0.053 0.033 0.023 <0.001 0.63 0.014 0.074 0.025 < 0.006 < 0.01 47 54 Mao KK28 28.8 81 1.5 SW 1 0.051 0.037 0.022 <0.001 0.615 0.018 0.06 0.028 < 0.006 < 0.01 50 58 Thai KK29 28.5 77 1.6 SW 1 0.048 0.029 0.017 <0.001 0.545 0.016 0.055 0.025 < 0.006 < 0.01 48 54 Xuan KK30 29.1 78 1.5 SW 1 0.047 0.031 0.016 <0.001 0.53 0.017 0.059 0.022 < 0.006 < 0.01 43 45 QCVN - - - - - 0.3 - - - 30 0.2 0.007 0.35 0.2 05:2013/BTNMT QCVN 0.2 0.042 06:2009/BTNMT QCVN 70 70 26:2010/BTNMT Note. -(-): Not regulated; -QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulations on ambient air quality; -QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulations on some hazardous substances in ambient air; Page | 82 -QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise (Common area, from 6:00 to 21:00). Evaluation: The above results showed that the air environment in all reservoir works is quite clean, all parameters are much lower than QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - Hourly average, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT and QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. 2.Surface water environment Monitoring parameters: Temperature (To), pH, DO, TDS, TSS, EC, BOD5, COD, Nitrite, Nitrate, Pb, Cd, Se, As, Hg, Phosphate, Coliform. Table 12: Results of surface water quality monitoring in sub-project sites NO2- NO3- Temp. pH DO TDS TSS EC BOD5 COD Pb Cd Se As Hg PO43- Coliform Reservoir Sym. _N _N oC - mg/l mg/l mg/l µS/cm mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100mL NM1 25.6 7.5 6.3 44 8 55.5 2.6 8.3 0.004 1.618 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.022 22 Ho May NM2 25.7 7.2 6.5 42 10 58.6 2.3 7.8 0.003 1.612 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.018 25 NM3 25.7 7.3 6.2 42 10 57.2 2.4 8.2 0.003 1.436 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.018 33 NM4 25.2 7.4 6.7 50 5 66.4 3.2 9.4 0.006 1.125 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.032 26 Dong NM5 25.1 7.4 6.1 48 7 68.2 3.6 9.7 0.006 1.359 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.028 22 Nhon NM6 25.2 7.5 6.8 51 5 65.9 3.8 9.1 0.009 1.385 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.029 18 NM7 25.7 7.6 6.5 31 4 47.6 2.5 7.9 0.005 2.015 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.018 10 Ho Trau NM8 25.6 7.5 6.2 33 6 48.5 2.8 8.2 0.006 2.165 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.018 12 NM9 25.6 7.5 6.2 45 9 70.3 4.2 13.5 0.005 1.814 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.016 18 Hoc Bau NM10 25.7 7.6 6 47 8 68.7 4.5 14.1 0.008 1.728 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.011 15 NM11 24.7 7.2 6.4 31 4 48.4 5.5 16.8 0.009 2.209 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.013 15 Hoc Ket NM12 24.8 7.1 6.6 29 5 47.2 5.8 15.7 0.009 2.019 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.021 17 NM13 24.8 7.3 5.9 34 7 55.4 3.7 10.4 0.005 1.352 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.02 21 Da Vach NM14 24.9 7.3 6.5 35 5 55.6 3.6 10.5 0.006 1.124 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.045 20 NM15 25.2 7.2 6.4 44 4 62.4 4.1 12.2 0.005 1.536 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.042 28 Dap Da NM16 25.3 7.3 6.1 42 6 67.3 4.3 13.2 0.007 1.415 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.034 26 Page | 83 NO2- NO3- Temp. pH DO TDS TSS EC BOD5 COD Pb Cd Se As Hg PO43- Coliform Reservoir Sym. _N _N oC - mg/l mg/l mg/l µS/cm mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100mL NM17 25.1 7.4 6.4 33 8 65.8 2.8 8.6 0.007 1.429 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.037 14 Thang Loi NM18 25.4 7.1 6.8 36 7 64.9 3.3 9.5 0.008 1.628 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.024 16 NM19 25.8 7.5 6.7 45 10 72.6 2.2 7.8 0.003 1.223 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.026 23 Ho Giang NM20 25.8 7.4 6.2 42 9 69.4 2.8 7.4 0.004 1.248 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.038 22 NM21 25.7 7.3 6.8 38 12 52.5 3.9 12.4 0.003 1.752 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.036 18 Cao Ngan NM22 25.6 7.3 6.7 34 12 54.3 4.5 13.7 0.005 1.924 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.04 14 NM23 25.4 7.5 6.2 40 8 44.7 3.6 9.8 0.006 2.106 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.039 15 Ho Lau NM24 25.3 7.5 6.3 42 6 46.8 3.8 10.5 0.004 2.162 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.041 23 NM25 25.3 7.3 6.3 46 9 60.3 2.5 7.5 0.009 1.648 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.035 15 Ho Chinh NM26 24.9 7.4 6.2 43 7 58.7 2.7 8.2 0.009 1.753 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.03 19 Huong NM27 24.8 7.3 6.8 36 4 56.2 3.2 9.6 0.008 1.422 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.023 26 Mao NM28 24.8 7.2 6.5 38 6 59.1 3.8 10.4 0.005 1.559 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.022 18 NM29 25.1 7.3 6.2 47 8 54.7 3.9 9.5 0.006 1.875 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.031 16 Thai Xuan NM30 24.9 7.2 5.9 45 9 55.9 3.8 9.3 0.007 1.842 <0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 <0.0024 <0.0004 0.032 17 QCVN 08- 5.5- - - 50 - 15 30 0.05 10 0.05 0.01 - 0.05 0.001 0.3 7500 MT:2015/BTNMT 9 4 Note: -(-): Not regulated; -QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality. The above results showed that the surface water environment in the reservoirs of the subproject has no signs of contamination, the indicators are within the allowable limits of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT (B1 column). Thus, the water source in the reservoirs of the project ensures water quality to for irrigation needs in the area. Page | 84 3. Groundwater environment Monitoring locations: The sampling points for groundwater are at wells of the households, surrounded by trees and quite airy. The extraction and analysis of groundwater samples were carried out at 30 locations with a depth of 20-30m at bored wells or drilled wells of the people in the area. Monitoring parameter: Temperature, pH, TDS, CaCO3, Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, Pb, Cd, Se, As, Hg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, Ni, Mg, Sn, Coliform. Analysis results of groundwater samples: Table 13: Results of groundwater quality monitoring in sub-project sites NO2- NO3- Temp. pH TDS CaCO3 Ammonia Pb Cd Se As Hg Fe Cu Zn Cr Mn Ni Mg Sn Coliform _N _N Reservoir Symbol oC - mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100mL NN1 22.8 7.23 56 42 0.085 0.025 2.215 0.0022 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0042 <0.0004 0.25 0.05 0.54 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.226 <0.009 0 Ho NN2 22.7 7.34 58 48 0.092 0.052 2.418 0.0032 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0045 <0.0004 0.32 0.048 0.57 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.352 <0.009 0 May NN3 23 7.14 72 39 0.088 0.048 2.163 0.0024 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0043 <0.0004 0.28 0.052 0.55 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.245 <0.009 0 NN4 23.4 6.62 70 36 0.074 0.098 1.756 0.0024 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0036 <0.0004 0.18 0.043 0.62 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.159 <0.009 0 Dong NN5 23.2 6.84 64 41 0.071 0.076 1.553 0.0027 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0038 <0.0004 0.14 0.042 0.63 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.239 <0.009 0 Nhon NN6 23.5 6.72 62 42 0.077 0.082 1.852 0.0025 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0035 <0.0004 0.14 0.045 0.6 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.402 <0.009 0 Ho NN7 22.7 6.56 98 98 0.067 0.106 1.469 0.0034 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0028 <0.0004 0.32 0.037 0.71 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.256 <0.009 0 Trau NN8 22.9 6.94 86 84 0.072 0.11 1.505 0.0038 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0031 <0.0004 0.3 0.033 0.69 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.305 <0.009 0 Hoc NN9 23.1 6.88 73 112 0.058 0.134 2.019 0.0032 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0042 <0.0004 0.16 0.028 0.54 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.258 <0.009 0 Bau NN10 23.3 6.83 75 102 0.054 0.138 2.215 0.003 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0045 <0.0004 0.16 0.031 0.57 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.195 <0.009 0 Hoc NN11 24.2 6.69 58 169 0.088 0.112 1.985 0.0029 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0079 <0.0004 0.15 0.032 0.54 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.455 <0.009 0 Ket NN12 24.1 6.75 52 145 0.085 0.116 2.501 0.0028 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0068 <0.0004 0.17 0.038 0.52 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.258 <0.009 0 Da NN13 22.7 7.15 57 120 0.076 0.115 2.412 0.0015 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0033 <0.0004 0.22 0.034 0.66 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.108 <0.009 0 Vach NN14 22.7 7.22 61 124 0.079 0.098 2.805 0.0017 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0035 <0.0004 0.24 0.037 0.62 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.268 <0.009 0 Dap NN15 23.2 7.32 76 88 0.068 0.088 2.019 0.0021 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0064 <0.0004 0.28 0.043 0.64 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.402 <0.009 0 Da NN16 23.8 7.15 72 94 0.072 0.092 1.712 0.0025 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0062 <0.0004 0.27 0.046 0.68 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.869 <0.009 0 Thang NN17 24.3 7.22 84 114 0.084 0.086 1.325 0.0034 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0058 <0.0004 0.21 0.052 0.71 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.019 <0.009 0 Page | 85 NO2- NO3- Temp. pH TDS CaCO3 Ammonia Pb Cd Se As Hg Fe Cu Zn Cr Mn Ni Mg Sn Coliform _N _N Reservoir Symbol oC - mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100mL Loi NN18 24.2 7.18 75 120 0.088 0.084 1.429 0.0032 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0054 <0.0004 0.25 0.053 0.69 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.162 <0.009 0 Ho NN19 23.5 7.38 63 134 0.058 0.114 2.118 0.0025 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0058 <0.0004 0.16 0.049 0.55 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.263 <0.009 0 Giang NN20 23.1 7.35 68 138 0.063 0.117 2.509 0.0022 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0061 <0.0004 0.15 0.051 0.58 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.308 <0.009 0 Cao NN21 23.7 6.84 58 98 0.074 0.122 2.018 0.0027 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0045 <0.0004 0.18 0.043 0.52 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.106 <0.009 0 Ngan NN22 23.6 6.96 55 90 0.075 0.124 1.836 0.0024 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0048 <0.0004 0.19 0.045 0.51 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.116 <0.009 0 Ho NN23 23.6 6.72 84 102 0.067 0.098 2.701 0.003 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0052 <0.0004 0.26 0.045 0.44 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.015 <0.009 0 Lau NN24 22.9 6.68 92 104 0.072 0.104 2.619 0.0028 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0042 <0.0004 0.28 0.04 0.49 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.139 <0.009 0 Ho NN25 22.6 7.14 96 86 0.068 0.106 2.185 0.0032 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0046 <0.0004 0.31 0.032 0.54 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 2.018 <0.009 0 Chinh NN26 22.6 7.22 78 82 0.072 0.11 1.932 0.0031 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0042 <0.0004 0.27 0.038 0.55 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.686 <0.009 0 Huong NN27 24.2 7.28 82 66 0.077 0.122 1.489 0.0017 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0044 <0.0004 0.34 0.034 0.61 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.589 <0.009 0 Mao NN28 24.1 7.17 80 72 0.067 0.118 1.636 0.0018 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0047 <0.0004 0.31 0.035 0.64 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.458 <0.009 0 Thai NN29 23.5 7.21 77 82 0.071 0.098 1.982 0.025 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0047 <0.0004 0.19 0.041 0.52 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.972 <0.009 0 Xuan NN30 23.7 7.14 79 83 0.068 0.094 1.894 0.022 <0.0015 <0.009 0.0047 <0.0004 0.21 0.039 0.54 <0.0005 <0.002 <0.003 1.864 <0.009 0 QCVN 09- - 5.5-8.5 1500 500 1 1 15 0.01 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.001 5 1 3 0.05 0.5 0.02 0.5 - 3 MT:2015/BTNMT Note: -(-): Not regulated; -QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation for underground water quality. Assessment: The values of groundwater monitoring in the construction areas or the downstream areas of the reservoir are within the allowable limits. Of the QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT. 4.Soil environment The sample were taken at depth of 25cm with weight of 01kg. They were then divided in 04 portions. The samples were selected on the basis of antapex rule, and preserved in nonreactive bottle and transported to the laboratory for further analysis. Page | 86 The soil samples were collected in the gardens of the people in the residential area or the river bank where the soil is soft and porous, easy to take. Analyzed parameters include: As, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr. The analytical results are shown in the following table Table 14: Results of soil quality monitoring in sub-project sites As Cu Cd Pb Zn Cr Reservoir Symbol mg/Kg mg/Kg mg/Kg mg/Kg mg/Kg mg/Kg D1 2.108 27.25 0.986 25.52 32.16 22.17 Ho May D2 2.22 25.87 0.898 24.98 30.22 21.88 D3 2.187 25.98 0.924 25.34 30.89 22.04 D4 2.767 18.72 0.734 23.34 37.44 17.88 Dong Nhon D5 2.586 17.94 0.785 23.87 37.02 18.02 D6 2.672 19.06 0.722 23.78 36.88 17.45 D7 1.906 17.42 0.688 19.89 26.98 24.22 Ho Trau D8 1.873 16.98 0.702 19.46 27.33 24.87 D9 2.105 22.43 0.943 18.98 29.44 23.98 Hoc Bau D10 1.894 23.58 0.984 19.04 30.06 24.04 D11 2.234 24.32 0.622 20.22 27.38 20.43 Hoc Ket D12 2.158 24.45 0.654 20.76 28.01 20.87 D13 2.458 21.22 0.598 23.67 34.28 19.8 Da Vach D14 2.578 20.78 0.612 23.98 35.12 20.04 D15 1.586 24.68 0.619 24.1 33.86 18.84 Dap Da D16 1.472 25.32 0.643 24.65 33.65 17.59 D17 1.398 18.97 0.785 25.12 28.88 23.22 Thang Loi D18 1.489 19.23 0.792 24.86 29.64 22.89 D19 1.829 22.59 0.711 22.54 33.95 22.87 Ho Giang D20 1.783 21.94 0.734 22.67 34.15 21.58 D21 1.934 23.44 0.754 21.97 35.78 22.69 Cao Ngan D22 1.989 24.98 0.763 22.28 36.04 23.01 Page | 87 As Cu Cd Pb Zn Cr Reservoir Symbol mg/Kg mg/Kg mg/Kg mg/Kg mg/Kg mg/Kg D23 2.236 28.33 0.899 19.45 30.27 19.86 Ho Lau D24 2.413 27.67 0.873 20.47 31.87 18.94 D25 2.243 19.88 0.814 19.78 28.49 18.76 Ho Chinh D26 2.398 20.03 0.875 19.66 28.95 19.02 D27 2.198 17.84 0.904 23.44 34.33 22.68 Huong Mao D28 2.207 18.28 0.914 23.89 34.87 23.14 D29 2.076 22.25 0.834 21.45 32.68 21.66 Thai Xuan D30 1.988 22.86 0.877 20.76 31.75 22.12 QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT 15 100 1.5 70 200 150 Note: -(-): Not regulated; -QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulations on allowable limits of some heavy metals in soil (agricultural land). Assessment: The values of soil quality monitoring head works or downstream areas under the subproject irrigation areas are within the allowable limits of QCVN 03-MT: 2015 / BTNMT (for agricultural land). Therefore, the amount of excess excavated soil and soil of the construction items can be utilized to fill the low-lying areas and the subproject's disposal area. Page | 88 4.4. Socio - economic conditions 4.4.1.Socio-economic conditions of the sub-project area The socio-economic conditions of Quang Nam Province in 2017 were still under lots of difficulties, and suffered from many factors that significantly influenced to the economic growth. Gross domestic product (GRDP) in 2017 (compared to 2010) was VND 63,003 billion approximately, up 5.09% compared to 2016. Specifically: agriculture, forestry and fishery increased by 3.5%; industry and construction increased by nearly 3%, of which the industrial sector increased by 2.5% compared to 2016; service sector increased by 7.5%. The economic structure continued to shift but the pace was slow, in which the agriculture, forestry and fishery accounted for 11.6%; construction industry accounted for 35.8%; service sector accounted for 33.7%; product tax minus product subsidy is 18.9% (corresponding structure of 2016: 12.4%; 36.6%; 32.5%, tax is 18.5%) In 2017, the socio-economic situation had positive changes, making the lives of people significantly improved. Per capita income reached more than 2.7 million VND / person / month (an increase of nearly 500 thousand VND compared to 2016), urban areas reached more than 3.6 million VND / person / month; rural areas reached more than 2.3 million VND / person / month. GDP per capita was estimated at 56 million VND / person / year; increased by 4 million compared to 2016. According to preliminary survey results of poor and near poor households: in 2017, the total number of poor households in the province was 38,112 households, accounting for 9.28% (reducing 1.85% compared to 2016); the total number of near poor households: 18,590 households, accounting for 4.53%.. Table 15: The situation of people, economy and society Area Average population (capita) District (Km²) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dai Loc district 579.06 148,212 149,524 150,773 151,776 152,538 Duy Xuyen district 308.75 122,843 123,816 124,844 125,601 126,155 Que Son district 257.46 8,298 8,358 84,084 84,348 84,504 Thang Binh district 412.45 179,032 180292 181385 181601 181,611 Tien Phuoc district 454.55 69,844 70,035 70,494 71,126 71,565 Nui Thanh district 555.83 140,086 141009 14215 143195 144,053 Phu Ninh district 255.65 78,309 78,888 79,521 80,091 80,468 Table 16: Agricultural production Paddy rice area (Ha) District 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dai Loc district 8,739 8,707 8,724 8,735 8,617 Duy Xuyen district 7,761 7,735 7,801 7,752 7,546 Que Son district 6,976 6,800 6,833 6,913 6,794 Thang Binh district 15,570 15,910 16,022 16,178 15,938 Tien Phuoc district 4,323 4,228 3,714 4,196 3,768 Nui Thanh district 7,768 7,515 7,844 8,029 7,715 Phu Ninh district 6,858 6,767 6,796 6,745 6,646 Page | 89 Table 17: Poverty ratio Poverty ratio % District 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dai Loc district 12.00 9.24 7.09 5.82 7.17 Duy Xuyen district 15.71 11.43 7.93 4.74 6.85 Que Son district 17.98 15.32 12.39 9.51 10.31 Thang Binh district 15.79 11.22 8.46 6.85 7.37 Tien Phuoc district 22.13 16.87 13.02 9.80 12.06 Nui Thanh district 10.69 9.05 6.97 5.96 6.13 Phu Ninh district 9.95 7.44 4.40 3.55 3.16 The situation of agricultural development in the subproject area: In addition to the production of two crops of rice (winter-spring and summer-autumn crops) with the total rice production in 2016 in the 7 districts of the subproject area, there are 22,091 tons. In addition, in the districts of the subproject area, the production area of maize, sweet potato and cassava in 2016 was 4,662 ha, 1,467 ha and 6,905 ha respectively; with a total production of 27,461 tons, 9,682 tons and 142,095 tons respectively. The Integrated Pest Management Program (IPM) is the program that disseminates the most significant pest management knowledge and techniques that the Department of Crop Production and Plant Protection has implemented in the province. Hundreds of training classes have been organized, thousands of farmers have been trained, not only about pests and diseases but also many other knowledge about agriculture has been transferred. If in the 80s, 90 per hectare of paddy fields had to use an average of 3 kg of pesticides in liquid and 10 kg in powder/grain form, now on average, only about 1/3 of this amount is used, It is really a great achievement of the plant protection sector for production and the environment. Not only IPM on rice, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development is also creative and innovative to implement on many other crops, in addition many other programs such as BUAP, ICM, SRI ... are also applied in the province. Through programs and models, tens of thousands of farmers have been trained, thereby improving scientific and technological knowledge for farmers and creating more solidarity and mutual assistance in production. Through the BUCAP program, farmer households together with officials of the Plant Protection Department have created many new rice varieties, including the recognized Q.Nam 1 rice variety which has been included in the provincial production structure. In addition, officials of the Department have successfully transferred many models such as: Red-eyed bee to fight ammonium borer on maize ; Integrated management model of pests and diseases on pepper trees ... and many research and cooperation programs with foreign organizations such as Australia, Japan, Netherlands, China ... have brought about high efficiency in production and crop pest management. Fertilizer ratings for some large trees: -For transplanted rice: The amount of fertilizer for 1 ha: 4-5 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg of urea, 6-12 kg of potassium fertilizer, 15-25 kg of Lam Thao superphosphate -Hybrid corn: The amount of seed for 1 ha is 15 kg; The organic fertilizer in the delta is at least 4-5 tons, highland areas 3-4 tons or more; Urea 300 kg; Phosphate 400-500 kg; 150 kg potassium fertilize -Pure corn: The amount of seed for 1 ha is 25 kg; The organic fertilizer in the delta reaches at least 4-5 tons, highland areas 3 tons or more; Urea 200-250 kg; Phosphate Page | 90 350 - 400 kg; potassium fertilizer 100-120 kg. The current irrigation area in the subproject area is 2,753 ha, including: (1) Ho May 300 ha; (2) Dong Nhon 200ha; (3) Ho Trau 85ha; (4) Hoc Bau 16ha; (5) Hoc Ket 51ha; (6) Da Vach 31ha; (7) Dap Da 35ha; (8) Thang Loi 20ha; (9) Ho Giang 330ha; (10) Cao Ngan 300ha; (11) Ho Lau 85ha; (12) Ho Chinh 80ha; (13) Huong Mao 190ha; (14) Thai Xuan 1,030ha From the beginning of 2017 until now, the impact of natural disasters has caused significant damages to people's lives such as: natural disasters caused by hail, tornadoes and thunderstorms, causing 02 deaths (in Phu Ninh and Nam Giang districts). In addition, in November in the province, there was heavy rain to a large extent, causing damage to people, crops and infrastructure, and some places were flooded locally. According to a preliminary summary, there were 36 deaths, 01 missing people and 113 injuries, more than 1,500 houses were flooded; more than 4,000 hectares of rice, vegetables and fruit trees were damaged; 204 hectares of aquaculture were seriously damaged, more than 2,500 thousand cubic meters of land used for irrigation and transportation were eroded, obstructing local traffic, and some damages to livestock and other plants ... Total losses were about 1,600 billion VND approximately. According to the report of the Steering Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Rescue, Quang Nam province has flooded from November 3 to November 8, causing significant losses in agricultural, forestry and fishery production. Specifically: (1) About 2,074 ha of agricultural crops were damaged; nearly 415 thousand bonsai pots were flooded and damaged; nearly 3,000 hectares of crops, more than 2 thousand shady trees were fallen. (2) Regarding animal husbandry: over 3.7 thousand cattle died; over 257 thousand of poultry were washed away with flood. (3) About aquatic products, 204 ha of fishponds were eroded; 02 boats were completely damaged. (4) Regarding the irrigation canal system, there were about 54km of ditches eroded; 1,100m of Cua Dai beach (Hoi An); 500m of Cua Lo beach (Nui Thanh); 6,630m of river bank were seriously disturbed; 46 solid dams were washed away ... Estimated losses of agriculture, forestry and fisheries and irrigation amounted to VND 1,031 billion, of which irrigation and dykes damaged over VND 562 billion, seriously affecting the production of Winter-Spring crop Security situation in the subproject area: In the communes under subproject, the security situation is always maintained and ensured. Social evils and domestic violence have not been recorded. The construction sites of camps are carried out near the main dam site, in the protection corridor of the project, the construction camp areas are far away from the population. At the same time, the Contractor declares provisional stay, temporary absence for workers to ensure that the social impacts arising during the construction process are minimized. 4.4.2.Transportation infrastructure condition Quang Nam has a fairly developed transport system with many types such as roads, railways, waterway, airports and seaports. The QL1A also passes Quang Nam. -Roads: The system of national highways and provincial roads in the province are built in the direction of North - South and East - West. The QL1A passes through districts and cities of: Nui Thanh, Tam Ky, Phu Ninh, Thang Binh, Que Son, Duy Xuyen and Dien Ban. The QL14 passes through the districts of Phuoc Son, Nam Giang, Dong Giang and Tay Giang. The QL14B goes through Dai Loc and Nam Giang districts. The QL14E goes through districts: Thang Binh, Hiep Duc and Phuoc Son. In addition, the province also has a road system consisting of provincial roads such as 604, 607, 609, 610, 611, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618 (new and old), 620 and many roadways and communal road. -Railway: North-South railway goes through Quang Nam province. In addition to the main station in Tam Ky, there are also Nong Son station, Phu Cang station (Binh Quy, Page | 91 Thang Binh), Nui Thanh station (Nui Thanh) and Tra Kieu station (Duy Xuyen). -Airway: In 1965, the Americans built Chu Lai airport, aimed at serving military activities in Central and Central Highlands. Forty years later, March 2, 2005, Chu Lai Airport welcomed the first commercial flight from Ho Chi Minh City, marking a historic event of the province. In 2010, Vietnam Airlines has Chu Lai - Hanoi route. The commercial operation of Chu Lai airport will strongly promote not only Quang Nam's development (with Chu Lai industrial park) but also Quang Ngai province (with Dung Quat industrial park). Further, Chu Lai airport will be developed into an international airport to serve the transfer of passengers and goods in the region. In addition, bringing Chu Lai airport into operation will help visitors to the two world cultural heritages of Hoi An and My Son easier. -Waterway: Quang Nam has 941 km of natural rivers, managing and exploiting 307 km of rivers (accounting for 32.62%), including 11 main rivers. The main river system consists of two systems: Thu Bon River and Truong Giang River, both of which flow into the East Sea by three estuaries: Han, Cua Dai and Ky Ha rivers. -Quang Nam has 125 km long coastline, many beautiful and famous beaches along the coast, such as: Ha My (Dien Ban), Cua Dai (Hoi An), Binh Minh (Thang Binh), Tam Thanh (Tam Ky) ), Bai Rang (Nui Thanh) ... Cu Lao Cham is a group of coastal islands with a rich ecosystem recognized as a biosphere reserve of the world.. 4.4.3.Status of irrigation structures In the 2011-2015 period, localities have built, upgraded and repaired 176 small irrigation works with investment costs of nearly VND 168 billion, of which approximately VND 85 billion was allocated to the province. In the province, there are 3,157 ha more of land for rice production which is actively irrigated. The whole province has also implemented 89 irrigation works to ensure irrigation for 2,157ha specializing in cultivation and intercropping of vegetables and upland crops. At the same time, it solidified 370km of category 3 canals to stabilize more than 11,200ha of cultivated land. With the centralized budget of the province and ODA sources, in the past 5 years, the relevant units have also consolidated 69km of category 3 canals to serve irrigation and drainage in the subproject area. Currently, the demand for construction of small irrigation systems, canal reinforcement and irrigating vegetable land is still very large. According to the latest statistics, of 3,500km of category 2 and category 3 canals in the whole province, only 1,500km have been reinforced so far. Not only that, more than 150 small irrigation works and 30 irrigation works for soil fertility have not been able to implement investment due to limited capital. 4.4.4.Socio economic conditions of affected households ➢ Information on demographics and ethnic composition of the surveyed households In the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) - Quang Nam Province Sub-Project, 14 reservoirs will be repaired and upgraded in 15 communes of districts: Nui Thanh, Phu Ninh, Tien Phuoc, Que Son, Thang Binh, Dai Loc and Duy Xuyen of Quang Nam province. Upon completion, the project will provide stable irrigation water for 15 communes in the downstream area, the total number of households located in the project area is 29,994 households (equivalent to 121,129 persons) of which the number of households expected to benefit directly from the subproject is 6,891 (equivalent to 27,338 persons). The number of people in each commune in the project area is shown in the table below: Page | 92 Table 18: Demographic characteristics in the communes in the project area Household No. of No. of scale TT Reservoir Location househo person (person/ho lds usehold) 1 Dap Da Tam Dan commune, Phu Ninh district 2,100 12,149 5.8 2 Ho Lau Tien Canh commune, Tien Phuoc 3 Da Vach 2,451 10,694 4.4 district 4 Thang Loi Tien Son commune, Tien Phuoc district 952 4,279 4.5 Binh Lanh commune, Thang Binh 5 Cao Ngan 1,986 7,133 3.6 district Que Phu Commune, Que Son District 3,100 12,000 3.9 6 Huong Mao Que Xuan 2 commune, Que Son district 1,504 6,340 4.2 7 Ho Giang Que Long Commune, Que Son District 1,246 4,500 3.6 Tam Nghia commune, Nui Thanh 8 Ho May 3,227 12,315 3.8 district 9 Dong Nhon Tam My Tay commune, Nui Thanh 1,600 5,800 3.6 district 10 Ho Trau Tam Hiep commune, Nui Thanh district 3,545 13,162 3.7 11 Hoc Ket Duy Thu commune, Duy Xuyen district 1,272 4,064 3.2 12 Hoc Bau Duy Phu commune, Duy Xuyen district 1,200 5,000 4.2 Dai Tan commune, Dai Loc district 1,663 6,369 3.8 13 Ho Chinh Dai Chanh commune, Dai Loc district 1,552 6,350 4.1 Tam Hiep commune, Nui Thanh district 3,545 13,162 3.7 14 Thai Xuan Tam Anh Nam commune, Nui Thanh 2,596 10,974 4.2 district Total 29,994 121,129 4.0 (Source: Information collection form, 05/2018) Survey results showed that the household size in the project area is relatively big, with an average of 4.0 persons / household, of which Tam Dan and Phu Ninh districts (in the area of Dap Da and Ho Lau Reservoir) are the communes with the highest household size in 15 communes with an average household size of 5.8 persons/household. Ethnic composition: Survey results showed that 100% of respondents are Kinh people. The results of consultation with local authorities and communities in the project area also showed that there is no presence of EM people in the subproject’s implementation area. ➢ Literacy level The survey results show that in the project area, the literacy level of surveyed people is still low, up to 69.2% of the respondents answered that they have just graduated from primary and secondary schools; the number of household owners with high school education level is only 27.1% (of which only 2.9% of respondents had College - University degrees), up to 3.7% of respondents were illiterate, so during the survey the enumerators had to directly write information to help respondents in the survey - those who were illiterate / never attended school are old people (over 65 years). Page | 93 Figure 4: Literacy level of the respondents The subproject’s area is mainly in rural and mountainous communes, therefore, the proportion of people who are public servants, pensioners and service providers accounts for only a small proportion, the economic activities of local people are mainly agricultural production (paddy rice cultivation, industrial crops and animal breeding). If comparing the literacy level of the respondents in the communes in the subproject area, their educational level is quite similar and there is no significant difference between communes. In the 15 communes located in the subproject area, Tam Hiep commune, Nui Thanh district (Ho Trau Reservoir) is the commune with the highest educational level (40.1% of the respondents have finished high school or higher) - this is the commune with Chu Lai Open Economic Zone, so the working conditions and income of the people are also improved, so they can afford for and able to invest in education for children. Tien Son commune, Tien Phuoc district (Thang Loi Reservoir area), has the highest rate of illiterate respondents (accounting for 6.5%); 46.8% of respondents only finished primary level. This is a mountainous commune, the main occupation of the people is cultivation, family economic conditions are still difficult, so people have less opportunity to study at higher levels. ➢ Occupation The life of households depends very much on the profession and the stability of the main family labor forces, especially the household owner. Most of the families receiving the State’s wage (including civil servants and retired officials) are those with relatively stable incomes and stable lives. The poor and middle-income households are often the ones without or unstable jobs, unstable income and unstable life. Therefore, the identification of household’s owner’s occupation here is very important in assessing the stability of people's daily life. The survey results show that, out of 972 households participating in the interview, the number of farmers is the highest with 73.9%; followed by Workers - Free workers accounted for 13.4%; Traders - Services Providers accounted for 7.3%; Officials / Employees accounted for 2.3%; 3.3% of respondents are unemployed or have lost their ability to work. The survey results on occupation show that in the main occupation of the people in the sub project area is farmer, their main source of income is mainly from agricultural production, which play a decisive role to stability and living standards of households. Other occupations such as workers, service traders are only in communes near industrial zones, export processing zones, for example, Chu Lai Open Economic Zone in the Nui Thanh district. Page | 94 ➢ Income and living standards of households Household income is one of the most important criteria for assessing the living standards of each household. Vietnamese people often do not like to reveal exactly their income, most people would express their "income range" instead. This is also the information that enumerators often find the most difficult to obtain in the study area, however, through observation and detailed interview on living conditions of households, enumerators were able to collect basic information about income and living standards of households in the project area. In the project area, the proportion of households doing agriculture is the majority, the main crops are food crops (such as rice, corn ...), and some vegetables (such as soybeans, beans, and peanuts) and some industrial plants (mainly Acacia), thus the main source of income for households depends on agricultural production. Agricultural production and intensive farming depend on many factors, in which ensuring irrigation water is one of the decisive ones for crop productivity. The reservoirs in the project area currently only provide enough water for the Winter-Spring crop, in the Summer-Autumn season the water level in the reservoirs is often low so there is often not enough water to irrigate downstream areas, which greatly affects agricultural production as well as income of households. Survey results from 972 households in the project area show that average income of people is about 1.97 million VND / person / month (equivalent to 7.96 million VND / household / month). . Of the 15 communes in the project area, Dai Tan and Dai Chanh communes of Dai Loc district (Ho Chinh reservoir area) are the 02 communes with the lowest average income / person / month with 1.28 million VND / person / month and 1.24 million VND / person / month respectively, These are the 2 communes with 90% of households participating in agricultural production. The commune with the highest average income / person / month is Tam Hiep commune (Ho Trau reservoir area) with an average income of 2.58 million VND / person / month - the Chu Lai open economic zone is located in this commune, so in addition to agricultural production, locals also work in factories and participate in other service industries. Stability of income sources plays a decisive role in stabilizing the living conditions of the whole family. The assessment of household income stability is considered one of the necessary criteria. The survey results also showed that 61.4% of the interviewed households said that their family's income is quite stable, which is quite high compared to the number of is declared that their income is unstable (38.6%). The household’s income determines its level of expenditure, usually the rich households often have higher spending levels than poor/medium households generally in all expenses: study and medical examination, electricity, water, travel, etc. Accordingly, in order to assess the living standards of households, the consulting unit divided households into 4 groups of households: poor, near poor, medium and good - rich for the community to self-assess household economy. Specifically: Page | 95 Figure 5: Living standards of people in the subproject area According to the assessment of the households interviewed about the their living standards, the percentage of medium income households in the subproject area accounts for the majority (62.0%), the figure for upper medium income - rich households is 20.4%. In the project area, the percentage of poor and near-poor households still accounts for a relatively high proportion, with average poverty rate of 7.8% and near-poor rate of 9.8%. Of the 15 communes, Dai Tan and Dai Chanh communes of Dai Loc district (Ho Chinh Reservoir) are the two communes with the highest poverty rate with 18.9% and 18% of interviewed households, respectively. The above survey results show that the percentage of poor and near poor households in the project area accounts for a relatively high proportion. This group of households is under high risk of being vulnerable because they do not have enough money to cover life expenses, their income depends heavily on agriculture and the risk factor of the market when they have to do unstable jobs for living... Thus in the process of implementing the project items, the poor and vulnerable households need to be given due attention because if they have to relocate and relocate to a new place, the opportunity to recover income and to maintain life for these households is very difficult. ➢ Water supply, drainage, and inundation ❖Water supply situation Clean water is one of the criteria to assess the development and civilization of the people, which is one of the important criteria in the implementation of new rural areas. Referring to detailed of water sources used in household activities in the project area, the survey results showed that: the main source of water used by households in the project area is dug well (50%); water from drilled wells (35.8%), the percentage of households using tap water accounts for only a small percentage of 12.7%, while 1.5% of households still use water from the ravine; No household uses rainwater for daily life. When comparing the current status of water supply in communes in the project area, survey results showed that only households in Tam Hiep commune (Ho Trau Reservoir), Tam My Tay commune (Dong Nhon Reservoir) and Tam Nghia commune (Ho May Reservoir) are currently using tap water, which is provided by Nui Thanh District Water Supply Plant - this plant has a capacity of 5000m3/day, and is currently supplying water for Chu Lai Open Page | 96 Economic Zone and communes in Nui Thanh district. Households in Ho Lau, Dap Da and Da Vach Reservoirs mainly use bored wells; The households living in the area of Hoc Ket and Hoc Bau Reservoirs are mainly using water from drilled wells, some households in the area of Thang Loi and Da Vach Reservoir still use water from the ravine for living. ❖Water drainage During the survey, the enumerators also combined in-depth interviews and field observations for the most general assessments of drainage status in residential areas. The survey results showed that only 18% of the total households answered there are sewers in their area. In general, the drainage system in the subproject area is still very weak, not synchronized; the sewer is only made in some main roads of the commune, rain water and domestic waste of the family is mainly discharging into lakes, ponds, gardens .... Therefore, untreated wastewater discharging freely into the environment will pollute the water source, affect the living environment of households. This will be a potential risk of disease outbreaks. ❖Inundation The results of consultation with local authorities and survey of households showed that in the 15 communes, only Que Phu commune (Huong Mao Reservoir) is inundated frequently. 6 out of 12 villages in the commune have been suffering from inundation. This situation is mainly in the rainy season. The cause of flooding is because of relatively low terrain, and located in the downstream of Thu Bon river, so in the rainy season, the water upstream will cause flooding to houses and crops of people. According to the results of consultations with local authorities in Que Phu commune, in order to limit the above flooding situation, the CPC proposed to Que Son District People's Committee to request funding to embank Thu Bon river dyke to prevent water from overflowing into the residential area. ➢ Environmental hygiene Survey results showed that 68.5% of households interviewed have their garbage collected and the garbage collection activities are carried out by the village's sanitation team and the Quang Nam environmental company once every 2 days - 3 days. In the subproject area, only garbage from households in the areas of Huong Mao, Ho Giang and Hoc Bau Reservoirs have been collected 100%; Thang Loi and Dap Da areas have the lowest rate of collected garbage, with the rates of 37.6% and 43.5%, respectively. Specifically, in Tien Son, Tien Canh and Tam Dan communes, garbage collection activities are only collected at households living near the roads, those in deep alleys and unpaved roads are not provided with this service because of the access difficulty. Therefore, these households must dispose of their garbage by burying or dumping it into ponds and lakes… ➢ Power supply and usage According to the survey results, all households in the subproject area now have access to national grid. The quality of electricity supplied to households is relatively good, the survey results show that up to 78.7% of households think that the quality of the electricity network is good; 16.8% of households commented that electricity quality is only average; only 4.5% of the surveyed households said that the electricity network is still poor. In general, the demand for electricity at the moment is not a pressing need. But along with the economic growth, accompanied by an increase in the demand for electricity, it is time to consider the upgrading of the power network infrastructure, especially in the communes of the Ho Trau, Dong Nhon and Ho May reservoir because growth rate and demand are often proportional to the urbanization rate. ➢ Security situation Page | 97 According to the socio-economic report of 15 communes in the subproject area, the security situation in the communes is maintained and stable. There are no disturbing phenomena, or security disorder, mainly some small conflicts in households. Social evils: The results of community consultation and focus group discussions with people show that in 4 communes located in the areas of Da Vach, Thang Loi , Ho Giang and Ho May reservoirs, there are some problems related to social evils such as drug addiction, HIV infection and domestic violence. According to statistics from the local socio-economic reports, in the subproject area, there are currently 350 drug addicts, 10 HIV-infected subjects and 02 cases of domestic violence. The drug addicts and HIV infection people are mainly in Tien Canh commune of Tien Phuoc district. When investigating the causes of this situation, according to the in-depth interview results with leaders of Tien Canh Commune People's Committee, the subjects who are addicted to drugs and infected with HIV are mainly those who go to work in the big cities, then got infected and brought back to the local community. 4.5. Description of sensitive infrastructure Table 19: Description of sensitive structure near subproject area Sensitive structure Specification 1. Ho May Reservoir: There are 03 sensitive works Ancestral temple • 30m from construction and management road, 300m from the main dam • The project does not acquire land area of this works • Worship and other relevant activities usually take place on the 1st or 15th day of the lunar month Aquatic production area • 100m to the secondary dam of Ho May reservoir • Theproject does not acquire land area of this works • Mainly fish farming High voltage line • Located 30m to the right of the secondary dam of Ho May • The project does not acquire land area of this works 2. Dap Da Reservoir: No sensitive works 3. Da Vach Reservoir: No sensitive works 4. Thang Loi Reservoir: There are 02 sensitive works Military camp • Right next to the reservoir. It is training ground of border troop • 300 - 500m to the main dam Page | 98 Sensitive structure Specification Village 1 cultural house • Close to the reservoir’s access road, where cultural activities of Village 1, Tien Son commune take place 5. Dong Nhon Reservoir: No sensitive works 6. Ho Giang Reservoir: No sensitive works 7. Cao Ngan Reservoir: There is 01 sensitive works Cao Ngan village’s clean water • On the right of main dam’s downstream. system • Supply water for 260 households of 02 villages: Cao Ngan and Cam Son. • In parallel with the road to secondary dam of the reservoir • The water supply plant started its operation since 2016, it is however not effective. It is now not in operation 8. Ho Lau Reservoir: No sensitive works 9. Ho Trau Reservoir: No sensitive works 10. Hoc Ket Reservoir: There is 01 sensitive works Cremated • Rightnext to reservoirs edge, • 150m to main dam. It is the grave yard of local residents area 11. Ho Chinh Reservoir: There are 02 sensitive works Cremated area • Next to construction and management road, • About 250m from the main dam downstream, It is the grave yard of local residents Aquatic production area • Located downstream of the main dam of Ho Chinh Reservoir, about 150m from the main dam. Page | 99 Sensitive structure Specification • The project does not acquire land area of this works • Mainly fish farming 12. Huong Mao Reservoir: No sensitive works 13. Hoc Bau Reservoir: There are 02 sensitive works Aquatic production area • Located downstream of the main dam of Hoc Bau Reservoir, about 100m from the main dam. • The project does not acquire land area of this works • Mainly fish farming. Road to My Son Sanctuary • The route of transporting construction materials is the one leading to My Son Sanctuary.. 14. Thai Xuan Reservoir: No sensitive works Page | 100 CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 5.1. Impact type and scale The subproject implemented in the area of 15 communes in 7 districts of Quang Nam province will have some positive and negative impacts during the construction period. However, the level of negative impacts is not high and can be mitigated. After completion of construction, the area of 14 reservoirs will benefit from the restoration of public services / facilities, thereby promoting economic growth and access to social services. Important flood control structures / structures repaired, reinforced, rehabilitated roads and dam surfaces will increase the safety of people and property in unfavorable weather conditions. Potential negative impacts are identified and screened at each project of the subproject from the preparation phase to the operational phase. These negative impacts are categorized according to the nature of the construction work. Most negative impacts are temporary, local and reversible due to small to medium scale construction works. Impacts can be mitigated by adopting appropriate technologies and specific mitigation measures with close supervision by the Monitoring Consultant, PMU and local community. The table below defines the levels of negative impacts based on the levels of waste generation related to construction activities1. Table 20: Criteria for classification of the magnitude of negative impacts Impact/Level Small Moderate Large Waste water Exceeding the technical Exceeding the technical Exceeding the technical discharge (domestic regulation on waste regulation on waste from regulation on waste to and industrial from 1.1 times to less 1.1 times to less than 1.5 more than 3 times and wastewater) than 1.5 times and the times and the discharge the discharge volume is discharge volume is less volume is less than 5 - more than 10 m3/day than 5 m3/day 10 m3/day Dust and Emissions Exceeding the Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard standard of 1.1 times of 1.5 times to less than of 3 times with the to less than 3 times with the emission level more 1.5 times with the emission level of less than 5000 m3/hour emission level of less than 500 – 5000 m3/hour than 500 m3/hour Noise Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard of 2 to 5 dB of 5 to 10 dB of 10 dB Vibration Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard Exceeding the standard of 2 to 5 dB of 5 to 10 dB of 10 dB Domestic solid Generating less than Generating from 1,000 Generating more than waste 1,000 kg/day to 2,000 kg/day 2,000 kg/day Hazardous solid Generating less than Generating 100 – 600 Generating 600 kg/ day waste 100 kg/ day kg/day Explosion-fire,oil Less than 2,000 kg 2,000 to 10,000 kg More than 10,000 kg spillage Potential negative environmental and social impacts are also divided into types such as direct, indirect, short-term, long-term and cumulative impacts. -Direct impacts: The direct impacts occur through the direct interaction of a subproject 1 Based on Decree No.155/2016 / ND-CP on sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection. Page | 101 activity with environmental and social or economic components. -Indirect impacts: The indirect impacts on the environment and society that are not direct results of the Subproject, which is often produced away from or as a result of a complex impact pathway. Indirect impacts are also known as secondary or even third level impacts. -Cumulative impacts: the impacts that occur as a result of a combination of the Subproject with other projects that cause related impacts. These impacts occur when the incremental impact of the Subproject is combined with the cumulative effects of other past, present, or reasonably foreseeable future projects. -Temporary impacts: the impacts that occur during the construction or within a short period of time after the construction. -Long-term impacts: the impacts that arise during the construction but most of the results appear in the operational phase and can last for decades. 5.2. Positive environmental and social impacts 5.2.1.Social impacts The implementation of the subproject will have positive impacts on living conditions, environmental conditions and infrastructure services in the subproject area. The main positive impacts of the project are as follows: -Ensuring safety of reservoirs in unusual weather conditions and climate change in the future; -Improve rural infrastructure, ensure water sources for production to increase agricultural productivity and income of farmers, gradually develop socio-economic conditions; -Development of irrigation on the basis of integrated use, which will create a premise for the development of rural transport, infrastructure construction, thereby improving living conditions and environmental sanitation, creating jobs to improve living standards of workers in the subproject area; -Increase the active irrigated area: Investment in rehabilitating and reinforcing construction items in 14 dams will stabilize the active irrigation water for 2753 ha, help make active cultivation plans, planting seasons , seedling structure for downstream areas -Improve environmental landscape, creating positive changes to micro-climate conditions in the region; -Improve transport infrastructure, create favorable conditions for goods transportation, production, service and trade development for the communes in the project area and neighboring localities; -Improve water management, strengthen operation and maintenance (O&M), improve water saving capacity and minimize impacts and step by step adapt to climate change, in which focus on drought; -The subproject also contributes to the overall objectives of the Vietnam Irrigation Development Strategy according to Decision No. 1590 / QD-TTg dated October 9, 2009 of the Prime Minister. 5.2.2.Environmental impacts a. Impact on air quality and micro-climate condition The rehabilitation of the reservoir construction works will affect the air environment at the construction phase but in small space and impacts are local and intermittent. When the reservoirs are operated, they will have positive impacts on the change of some meteorological factors in the areas. For example, the stabilization of water surface will change the Page | 102 microclimate condition of each reservoir area and the moisture which is related to the continental dry, nature of the climate in dry seasons. In addition, in the operation phase, the Subproject will increase the stability of water resources and safety for the works and the dam downstream. b. Impacts on the landscape At present, 14 reservoirs being exploited have spillways but some draining culverts are leaked, the slopes are not made of concrete and there are not roads for management and operation of the works. As proposed by the Design Consultant, to ensure the safety of the dam body, draining culverts, it needs reinforcement, replacement and concretion of the works to ensure water storage, avoid water loss and create convenience for regulating water for production and operation of the reservoirs, which will ensure the development conditions for coastal vegetation communities, creating landscapes around reservoirs and local traffic. Upon completion of rehabilitation and reinforcement of the management roads of 14 reservoirs, a new look for the reservoir landscape and the surrounding area will be created. The reservoir area will be beautiful, modern and safe. c. Impact on ecosystem After completion of construction works in 14 reservoirs, stable water storage and irrigation will contribute to the development of flora and fauna ecosystems in reservoirs, coastal areas and downstream areas. The positive impacts on ecosystems in a long time will diversify and enrich flora and fauna in the subproject area. d. Impacts on groundwater The completion of the construction works in 14 reservoirs will stabilize the water levels and increase the water level in reservoirs and ponds, which is higher than the downstream areas, therefore, after the reservoirs are operated, the downstream water level is always maintained year round to meet the demand for water for daily life and cultivation of local people 5.3. Potential negative envioronmental and social impacts 5.3.1.Impacts and risks during preparation phase Since the subproject objectives are to repair and upgrade the construction items such as the main dam, the secondary dam, the spillway, the water intake culvert, management and construction road or to repair the canal and the bridge, management house together with supporting works, during preparation phase, the main impacts include following activities: (1) Land acquisition, (2) Safety risks from unexploded ordnances (UXO); (3) Geological survey activities; (4) Vegetation clearance activities (the process of preparing ground for construction, site layout, camps for construction). Table 21: Sources and scales of impacts Sources of Subject of No. Impact Scale of impact impact impact - Conflict on compensation Medium, long -term, policies, support with affected manageable Residents of the households and their ability to subproject area, recover income; especially 104 Land households are 1 - Disruption of daily life, affecting Low, short-term, acquisition affected by land households in the area manageable and property - Conflict between people in Low, short-term, acquisition on construction areas and manageable the land construction contractors Page | 103 Sources of Subject of No. Impact Scale of impact impact impact High, short-term, Natural UXO search - Potential risk of impact on air manageable environment; 2 and environment, soil environment Residents and demolition workers Geological Low, short-term, Solid and liquid waste from survey Groundwater 3 survey manageable process environment activities Low, short-term, Vegetation cover Vegetation Solid waste from the clearance 4 manageable in construction clearance process areas 1. Land acquisition impacts The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) in Quang Nam is expected to affect land, on land property and trees of 104 households in 15 communes with construction (including 87 affected households on land, 08 households are affected on trees, 07 households are affected on aquaculture activities, 02 households are affected on relocation of graves). Specifically: ➢ Impacts on land The implementation of the subproject's works will permanently acquire 29,544 m² of 87 households and national defense land managed by the 885th Regiment of Quang Nam Provincial Military Command, and production forest land managed by People's Committees of Que Long and Duy Thu Communes In addition, the subproject will temporarily acquire about 19,775 m2 of public land under management of 15 People's Committees or land within the subproject’s protection corridors to make camps, material gathering yards, disposal sites and work items of the subproject. Temporarily acquired area will be determined during the development design & Construction documents phase. The area of temporary land acquisition is located in the vacant public land areas managed by the commune’s People's Committees or the land area within subproject’s protection corridor, which have not been assigned to any households for cultivation or general uses. After the subproject is completed, these land areas will be restored to their original state. Information on land acquisition and the number of affected households in each locality are presented in Table 22 and Table 23. The impact of land acquisition and on-land assets of the project will affect households. -The acquisition of residential land: Only 02 households in the construction area of Da Vach and Ho Trau reservoirs belong to this group. Daily life and land use plan of the households which are partly affected on residential land, will be directly influenced. However, these impacts will be mitigated when there is concern of the community and authorities, and households will receive compensation and support from the Project. -The impact on livelihoods and loss of cultivated land: At the beginning, households affected by the implementation of the subproject will face difficulties regarding income due to the reduction of arable land, may even lose cultivated land. However, this impact is not significant because the affected households will be supported by the project to ensure that households can immediately participate on production and seek a new job that is suitable, ensuring economic stability and quality of life of households. Land acquisition in this subproject is considered to have a negative impact on affected households. However, in order to optimize the objectives of DRSIP Quang Nam, the subproject must comply with the resettlement policies of the Government of Vietnam, Quang Page | 104 Nam Province and the World Bank (WB). The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) report was prepared for DRSIP Quang Nam and approved by WB and Quang Nam Provincial People's Committee. Page | 105 Table 22: Number of households affected by the implementation of the subproject Temporarily Permanently affected Heavily affected on land affected No of No of No of No of HHs Heavily No. of No. of No. of No of AHs on AHs Total No. of No of No. of AHs under Heavily affected on No. Reservoir Location AHs on AHs on affecte AHs on architec on No. of AHs AHs on AHs on on vulne perenni produc d graves tural busin affected on residential AHs on aquacu producti crops rable al crop tion organiz items ess agricultura land and land lture on forest group l land need to land forest ations relocate 1 Dap Da Tam Dan commune - - 9 - - - - - 9 - - - - 9 2 Ho Lau Tam Dan commune - 1 5 - - - 1 1 6 - - - - 7 Tien Canh 3 Da Vach 1 - 3 - - - 1 1 4 2 1 - - 5 Commune 4 Thang Loi Tien Son Commune - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - Binh Lanh 5 Cao Ngan - - - - 7 1 - - 1 2 - - - 8 commune Huong Que Xuan 6 - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 Mao Commune 2 Que Long 7 Ho Giang - - - 1 - 5 - - 5 - - - - 5 Commune Tam Nghia 8 Ho May - - 2 - - - - - 2 - - - - 2 commune Dong Tam My Tay 9 - - 3 - - - - - 3 - - - - 3 Nhon commune Tam Hiep - - 4 - - - - - 4 2 - - - 4 Commune 10 Ho Trau Tam My Tay 1 - 6 - - - - - 6 - - - 1 7 commune 11 Hoc Ket Duy Thu Commune - - - 1 - 2 - - 2 - - - - 2 12 Hoc Bau Duy Phu commune - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 13 Ho Chinh Dai Tan Commune - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page | 106 Dai Chanh - - 19 - - - - - 19 5 - 3 - 19 Commune Tam Hiep - - 16 - - - - - 16 4 - 1 - 16 Commune 14 Thai Xuan Tam Anh Nam - - 15 - - - - - 15 3 - 2 - 15 Commune Total 2 1 84 3 7 8 2 2 94 18 1 6 1 104 (Source: Resettlement Action Plan Report of the subproject, 2018) Note: -A household may suffer from many types of effects -Total number of household = Permanently AHs + Temporary AHs + AHs on graves, excluding organizations, agencies. -The heavily affected households on agricultural land are those who lose 20% or more of the total agricultural production land area (or 10% or more for vulnerable households). Table 23: Allocation of permanently acquired land area of subproject Affected area Forest Forest Residential Perennial crop production production land Others Total land land land of the managed by No. Reservoir Location locals CPCs No. No. No. No. No. No. Area No. Area Area Area orga Area affected affec Affected HH organiz HHs (m2) HHs (m2) (m2) (m2) nizati (m2) organizati ted area (m2) s ation on on HHs 1 Dap Da Tam Dan commune - - - - 9 600 - - - - - 9 600 2 Ho Lau Tam Dan commune - - 1 100 5 1,500 - - - - - 6 1,600 3 Da Vach Tien Canh Commune 1 25 - - 3 400 - - - - - 4 425 4 Thang Loi Tien Son Commune - - - - - - - - 1 1,700 1 - 1,700 5 Cao Ngan Binh Lanh commune - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page | 107 Affected area Forest Forest Residential Perennial crop production production land Others Total land land land of the managed by No. Reservoir Location locals CPCs No. No. No. No. No. No. Area No. Area Area Area orga Area affected affec Affected HH organiz HHs (m2) HHs (m2) (m2) (m2) nizati (m2) organizati ted area (m2) s ation on on HHs 6 Huong Mao Que Xuan Commune 2 - - - - 1 2,000 - - - - - 1 2,000 7 Ho Giang Que Long Commune - - - - - - 1 2,800 - - 1 - 2,800 8 Ho May Tam Nghia commune - - - - 2 1,300 - - - - - 2 1,300 9 Dong Nhon Tam My Tay commune - - - - 3 400 - - - - - 3 400 Tam Hiep Commune - - - - 4 2,000 - - - - - 4 2,000 10 Ho Trau Tam My Tay commune 1 250 - - 6 1,000 - - - - - 7 1,250 11 Hoc Ket Duy Thu Commune - - - - - - 1 3,500 - - 1 - 3,500 12 Hoc Bau Duy Phu commune - - - - 1 800 - - - - - 1 800 Dai Tan Commune - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 Ho Chinh Dai Chanh Commune - - - - 19 5,100 - - - - - 19 5,100 Tam Hiep Commune - - - - 16 2,314 - - - - - 16 2,314 14 Thai Xuan Tam Anh Nam Commune - - - - 15 3,755 - - - - - 15 3,755 Total 2 275 1 100 84 21,169 2 6,300 1 1,700 3 87 29,544 Source: Resettlement Action Plan Report of the subproject, 2018 Page | 108 ➢ Impacts on trees 117 fruit trees of all kinds (including: longan, pomelo, banana ...) and 16,799 timber trees (mainly Acacia) are affected; paddy rice or vegetable are not affected by the subproject. Below is a summary of the amount of affected trees by the subproject Table 24: Impacts on trees Fruit tree Timber tree No Reservoir Location AHs (number (number of trees) of trees) 1 Dap Da Tam Dan commune, Phu Ninh district 9 - 400 2 Ho Lau Tam Dan commune, Phu Ninh district 6 31 700 3 Da Vach Tien Canh commune, Tien Phuoc district 4 39 100 4 Thang Loi Tien Son commune, Tien Phuoc district - - - 5 Cao Ngan Binh Lanh commune, Thang Binh district 1 47 84 6 Huong Mao Que Xuan 2 commune, Que Son district 1 - 2.000 7 Ho Giang Que Long Commune, Que Son District 5 - 1.500 8 Ho May Tam Nghia commune, Nui Thanh district 2 - 400 9 Dong Nhon Tam My Tay commune, Nui Thanh district 3 - 200 Ho Trau Tam Hiep commune, Nui Thanh district 4 - 1.700 10 Tam My Tay commune, Nui Thanh district 6 - 1.250 11 Hoc Ket Duy Thu commune, Duy Xuyen district 2 - 680 12 Hoc Bau Duy Phu commune, Duy Xuyen district 1 - 700 Ho Chinh Dai Tan commune, Dai Loc district - - - 13 Dai Chanh commune, Dai Loc district 19 - 3.600 Thai Xuan Tam Hiep commune, Nui Thanh district 16 - 1.580 14 Tam Anh Nam commune, Nui Thanh 15 - 1.905 district Total 94 117 16.799 Source Resettlement Action Plan Report of the subproject According to the survey results, income of 94 households, that have their crops affected, is mainly from agricultural production, therefore, land acquisition will cause certain impacts on their livelihoods and income sources. In the beginning, households affected by the implementation of the subproject will face difficulties regarding income because the area of cultivated land is narrowed, or they even lose the cultivated land. Therefore, in addition to compensation and support to meet the requirements of the Resettlement Policy Framework and the Resettlement Action Plan, life recovery programs such as vocational training and orientation are needed. Loans for production will be provided to assist households to adapt to new living conditions and improve their income. Impact on livelihoods, loss of cultivated land: In the beginning, households affected will face difficulties regarding income because the area of cultivated land is narrowed, or they even lose the cultivated land. However, the affected households will be supported by the subproject in terms of capital and technology to be able to immediately start production and find a suitable job, ensuring economic stability and life quality. Besides, the clearance and compensation, support for affected households is also a sensitive Page | 109 and complicated issue. If compensation is inconsistent with the policy, it will be easy for disputes, litigation between households and between households and the Subproject owner, thus there is a possibility of conflict, loss of people's confidence during the temple compensation and clearance. In order to ensure the rights of affected households, the Subproject owner will follow the compensation and support policies for resettlement according to the Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject, the Government and current regulations. Quang Nam People's Committee (details are presented in Chapter 4 of the report) Besides, the clearance, compensation, and support for affected households are also a sensitive and complicated issue. If compensation is inconsistent with the policy, disputes and litigation will easily occur among households and between households and the Project Owner. As a consequence, conflicts and loss of people's trust during the compensation and land clearance may happen. In order to ensure the rights of affected households, the Project Owner will follow the compensation and support policies for resettlement according to the Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject, the Government and current regulations of Quang Nam People's Committee (details are presented in Chapter 4 of the report) According to the results of social impact assessment, the subproject does not affect cultural structures and historical relics. However, the subproject has an impact on 04 graves of 02 households in Dap Da Reservoir area, Tam Dan commune. 01 household will have to relocate because of land acquisition for construction and management road (Ho Trau reservoir). Impact level: Medium and long-term because the main source of income of these households are from agriculture and perennial crops. 01 household has to relocate, 01 household is affected on business activities, and 18 vulnerable households. However, the subproject does not affect cultural facilities, historical sites or natural and biodiversity conservation areas. 2.Unexploded ordnance related risks ➢ Risks if unexploded ordnance are not searched or cleared If the subproject does not conduct search and clearance of unexploded ordnances, the risks that may occur during the construction phase are unexploded landmines and explosives from the war. Individuals directly affected are construction workers, local people and surrounding infrastructure. This impact is considered as HIGH and long-term one, affecting the psychology, health, property and lives of workers and people nearby the incident area. At the same time, the landmines and explosives materials will have large scale impact affecting the air and soil quality degradation. However, this impact can be mitigated through clearance of unexploded ordnance by functional units. ➢ Risks from unexploded ordnance search and clearance activity In the case of unexploded ordnance search and clearance are taken place (including Thang Loi, Ho Giang, Cao Ngan, Ho Lau, Ho Chuong, Huong Mao reservoirs with a total clearance area) 21.89 ha), the risk can happen to those who directly involves in this process The clearance process may trigger mines and explosives due to improper clearance techniques, which are dangerous to the lives of deminers. This impact is assessed as high, however it can be minimized because the clearance unit is a military unit, with full functions, technical equipment, qualifications and experience in clearance mines and explosives Page | 110 Figure 6: Illustrative image for unexploded ordnance search and demolition Thus, demining is important to avoid possible threats to the surrounding infrastructure and the safety of people and construction workers. For subprojects, unexploded ordnances should be carefully reviewed and cleared before commencement of construction activities. The impact of residual explosives has a significant negative impact without mitigation measures, with high risks to health, life and infrastructure. Unexploded ordnances clearance must be completed before commencement of construction works. 3.Geological survey impacts Prior to the plan of design and construction of works, it is necessary to conduct geological survey, this process has the potential to bring impurities affecting the quality of underground water. This impact is assessed as Low because drilling activities are local, short-term and controllable. 4.Vegetation clearance Vegetation clearing activities in the construction areas of the subproject takes place in the main dam, secondary dam, spillway, and construction and management road. Plant biomass arising from vegetation clearing activities includes all types of planting in the subproject area (mainly shrubs and acacia trees). Refer to the calculation of biomass generated by vegetation clearing activities in the EIA Report of Trung Son Hydropower (approved by WB in 2009), the generated biomass is calculated based on the coefficient of investigation data (field data) about the biomass of 1 ha of vegetation according to the calculation of Ogawa and Kato as shown in the table below.. Table 25: Biomass of 1ha vegetation Biomass (ton/ha) Biomass type trunk Branch Leaf Root Grass under foliage Total Restored forest 9.685 2.716 0.474 0.134 2.000 15.009 Plantation forest 30.000 5.000 1.000 5.000 - 41.000 Medium forest 60.000 8.040 1.150 5.360 2.000 76.550 Poor forest 31.444 9.971 1.647 5.227 1.000 49.289 Medium bamboo 12.000 - - 2.400 - 14.400 forest Annual tree - - 6.000 1.500 - 7.500 Total 143.129 25.727 10.271 19.621 5.000 203.748 Source: Ogawa and Kato method Thus, the amount of biomass arising from vegetation clearing activities in the construction areas is estimated at 7.5 tons / ha. According to the Resettlement Action Plan report, the Page | 111 permanent occupation area of the subproject is 2.95 ha. So the estimated biomass is: 7.5 tons / ha × 2.95 ha ≈ 22.16 tons. The amount of biomass generated in all subproject areas is small and mainly consists of shrubs and crops that will be collected and transported and a few timber trees which will be sold for raw materials and be used as firewood. Details on biomass generated from vegetation clearing process in each construction area are as follows: Table 26: Biomass generated from vegetation clearing process in each construction Permanent occupation area Vegetation biomass (kg) No Reservoir (ha) 1 Dap Da 0.06 450 2 Ho Lau 0.16 1,200 3 Da Vach 0.0425 319 4 Thang Loi 0.17 1,275 5 Cao Ngan - - 6 Huong Mao 0.2 1,500 7 Ho Giang 0.28 2,100 8 Ho May 0.13 975 9 Dong Nhon 0.04 300 10 Ho Trau 0.325 2,438 11 Hoc Ket 0.35 2,625 12 Hoc Bau 0.08 600 13 Ho Chinh 0.51 3,825 14 Thai Xuan 0.6069 4,552 Total 2.9544 22,158 Vegetation clearing activities in each project area is in small scale, the vegetation cleared are mainly shrubs and a few acacia trees. Ecosystems in the construction areas are the production forests of the people. Furthermore, there are no endangered and rare fauna and flora in the subproject area, and no conservation areas are nearby the construction sites. Therefore, vegetation clearing activities do not affect the ecosystems in the subproject area. The amount of biomass from vegetation clearing activities at each project’s area is assessed as Low due to: (i) the amount generated in each area is not large; (ii) easy to collect and transport to landfill areas; (iii) can be used as firewood. This impact can be easily mitigated. 5.3.2.Impacts and risks in construction phase Activities are to be conducted during construction phase of the subproject are: -Levelling construction and management road -Rehabilitating, upgrading main dam, secondary dam (removal of weathered layers, using compaction method, waterproofing, reinforcement of upstream face, construction of subsidence monitoring); -Rehabilitating, upgrading weirs, constructing over weir bridge; -Rehabilitating, upgrading water intake culvert, and after-culvert canal; -Constructing construction and management road; -Rehabilitating, upgrading management house. -Machinery and workers’ activities; -Transporting and collecting construction materials, fuels for the construction; Page | 112 -Transporting waste to dumping sites. Table 27: Sources and scale of impacts during construction phase No Sources of impact Impact/Waste Level of impact Subjects of impact I General impacts Construction activities: Dust from -Levelling construction and excavating, levelling Medium, short-term, management road foundation, and controllable -Rehabilitating, upgrading removing weathered main dam, secondary layers dam (removal of Dust, exhaust from Low, short-term, weathered layers, using transportation of controllable compaction method, materials waterproofing, Dust, exhaust from Low, short-term, reinforcement of construction controllable Residents in 15 upstream face, machineries communes in construction of subproject areas 1 subsidence Waste water from Low, short-term, Surface water quality monitoring); construction activities controllable in 14 reservoirs -Rehabilitating, upgrading under subproject weirs, constructing over weir bridge; -Rehabilitating, upgrading water intake culvert, Solid waste from Low, short-term, and after-culvert canal; construction activities controllable -Constructing construction and management road; -Rehabilitating, upgrading management house. Low, temporary, can Residents in Noise and vibration be minimized through subproject areas 2 Machineries, vehicles from machineries, good execution and vehicles Construction workers management Medium, temporary, can be minimized Waste water through serious Residents in implementation of subproject areas mitigation measures Workers’ activities 3 Low, temporary, can Surface water quality be minimized through in 14 reservoirs Solid waste serious under subproject implementation of mitigation measures Construction workers Maintenance of Low, temporary, 4 Waste oil Surface and machineries and vehicles controllable groundwater quality Impact on regional Low, short-term, socio-economic Residents in controllable 5 Workers at the project site conditions. subproject areas Possibility of some Low, short-term, diseases and social controllable Page | 113 No Sources of impact Impact/Waste Level of impact Subjects of impact evils due to the workers’ activities Disturbing local Medium, short term, people, affecting can be mitigated Residents in Social impact due to subproject areas 6 sensitive points and through coordination construction activities neighboring cultural and management works measures Medium, short term, Residents in Obstruction and subproject areas can be controlled 7 Traffic interruption due to through traffic Traffic participants construction activities management plans in the subproject area II Risks Residents, Risk of fire, construction workers Low, short-term, 1 explosion and fuel controllable Air, soil and water leakage environment Risks from working Low, short-term, 2 Construction workers on water controllable Electric shock and Low, short-term, 3 Construction workers electrical malfunction controllable Residents, Safety and health Low, short-term, construction workers 4 risks controllable Construction activities Risks and safety Construction workers during construction Low, short-term, 5 Ecological near production controllable forests environment Residents, Risk of broken dyke Low, short-term, construction workers 6 during construction controllable Air, soil and water environment Low, short-term, Residents in 7 Detect artifacts controllable subproject areas 5.3.2.1. General impacts during construction 1.Dust and air pollutants a. Dust from excavation and leveling activities The excavation and leveling, removal of weathered layers are considered the most significant sources of dust generation during the construction phase for all construction works. In case of the construction is implemented in dry season, the dust pollution will be at highest level. Dust concentration can be 10 - 15 times higher than the allowable limits. Dust concentration will gradually decrease after the construction. According to the Feasibility Study Report of the subproject, the total volume of excavation and leveling of subproject areas is presented in the table below: Page | 114 Table 28: Total amount of excavated and embanked soil Excavate Excavated Emban Leveling No Reservoir Total (m³) Total (ton) d soil rock ked soil volume 1 Ho May 16.105 0 23.531 0 39.636 59.454 2 Dap Da 14.225 0 18.464 0 32.689 49.034 3 Da Vach 9.091 0 4.996 0 14.087 21.131 4 Thang Loi 43.956 0 63.664 17.100 124.720 187.080 5 Dong Nhon 19.714 0 16.069 0 35.783 53.675 6 Ho Giang 6.749 0 2.902 1.500 11.151 16.727 7 Cao Ngan 11.779 0 7.561 1.800 21.140 31.710 8 Ho Lau 12.863 0 13.065 3.000 28.928 43.392 9 Ho Trau 13.497 0 7.483 0 20.980 31.470 10 Hoc Ket 18.776 0 16.956 0 35.732 53.598 11 Ho Chinh 10.224 0 5.882 0 16.107 24.160 12 Huong Mao 4.977 1,219 6.408 3.000 15.604 23.406 13 Hoc Bau 4.945 0 4.512 0 9.457 14.186 14 Thai Xuan 4.000 0 4.000 0 8.000 12.000 Note: 1m3 = 1.5 tons The level of dust dispersion during ground leveling depends on the volume of excavation, leveling and embankment. The amount of diffused dust is calculated based on pollution coefficient and volume of excavated and embanked soil. According to the World Bank's EIA guide (Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991), the pollution coefficient E is calculated as follows. 1,4  u    E = k  0,0016   2,2  1,3 M     2  (1) Where: -E - Pollution coefficient (kg/ton). -k - particle structure, mean value of 0.35. - u - Average wind speed at subproject area (1.5 m/s). -M - Average moisture content of materials (2.0%). From the average particle structure, average wind speed, moisture content of the materials ... pollution coefficient has been determined as E = 0.00654 (kg/ton). Thus, the total amount of dust generated in the period of excavation and leveling, removal of weathered layers ... within 12 months (312 days) is presented in the table below. Page | 115 Table 29: Dust concentration from excavation and embankment activities Total Dust 1h mean QCVN amount Construction Load emission No Reservoir concentration 05:2013/BTNMT of dust time (day) (kg/day) coefficient (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (kg) (g/m2/day) 1 Ho May 389 312 1.25 0.32 1.35 0.30 2 Dap Da 320 312 1.03 0.30 1.24 0.30 3 Da Vach 138 312 0.44 0.10 0.43 0.30 4 Thang Loi 1223 312 3.92 1.80 7.52 0.30 5 Dong Nhon 351 312 1.12 0.13 0.55 0.30 6 Ho Giang 109 312 0.35 0.04 0.16 0.30 7 Cao Ngan 207 312 0.66 0.12 0.50 0.30 8 Ho Lau 284 312 0.91 0.19 0.81 0.30 9 Ho Trau 206 312 0.66 0.17 0.72 0.30 10 Hoc Ket 350 312 1.12 0.10 0.41 0.30 11 Ho Chinh 158 312 0.51 0.05 0.19 0.30 12 Huong Mao 153 312 0.49 0.18 0.73 0.30 13 Hoc Bau 93 312 0.30 0.09 0.38 0.30 14 Thai Xuan 78 312 0.25 0.03 0.13 0.30 Note: -Total dust load (kg) = E x total excavated and embanked soil (Table 27); -Load (kg/day) = Total dust load (kg)/Construction duration (day). -Surface dust emission = Dust load (kg/day)/Area of construction site (m2). -1h average concentration (mg/m3) = Total load (kg/day)/24h/Expected affected volume (m3). In which, affected volume is estimated by potentially affected area to elevation of 10m. Results of dust concentration calculation indicated that the total 1hr average dust concentration of in the subproject area when implementing the work items ranges from 0.13 to 7.52 mg / m3, this shows that -During construction phase of some reservoirs, dust concentration due to earthwork is lower than the allowable limit in QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (Ho Giang, Ho Chinh, and Thai Xuan Reservoirs). -In most of remaining reservoirs, the dust concentration due to earthwork exceeds allowable limit in QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT from 1.28 to 4.51 times (especially in Thang Loi Reservoir, the dust concentration is 25 times higher than the limit). In fact, the amount of dust dispersed is not high compared to the calculation due to: (i) construction time of each item is different; (ii) Activities do not take place simultaneously (mainly focus on the first 1-2 months of construction phase); (iii) The concentration of dispersed dust reduces quickly compared to the distance to the source; (iv) The level of dispersion of local dust at the excavation and backfilling site is not high because the source of emission is the point source and the construction areas are of open and surrounded by trees Dust due to excavation and backfill if applying mitigation measures will: -Affect daily activities and travel of people nearby the project area. -Potentially affects public health: eye and lung diseases due to higher levels of suspended Page | 116 particles in the air. b. Dust and exhaust from operation of construction machineries To calculate exhaust (CO, NO2, SO2) from operation of construction machineries during construction phase such as excavators, leveling machines, mixer, (1 ton of oil for combustion engine), this EIA report bases on document of Natz Transport, Shun Dar Lin, 2005. Emission factor of exhaust is presented in below table Table 30: Emission factor Exhaust factor (kg/ton of oil) Used oil factor (kg/ton of soil, rock) SO2 NO2 CO 0.1 2.8 12.3 0.05 Source: Natz Transport and Shun Dar Lin 2005 Therefore, the exhaust arising during excavation and backfilling is estimated in detail in below table: Table 31: Estimated emissions generated from construction equipment Total volume of Fuel demand 1h average concentration (mg/m3) No. Reservoir earthwork (m3) (ton of oil) SO2 NO2 CO 1 Ho May 59,454 5.95 0.0580 0.2547 0.00104 2 Dap Da 49,034 4.90 0.0531 0.2335 0.00095 3 Da Vach 21,131 2.11 0.0185 0.0811 0.00033 4 Thang Loi 187,080 18.71 0.3220 1.4145 0.00575 5 Dong Nhon 53,675 5.37 0.0237 0.1042 0.00042 6 Ho Giang 16,727 1.67 0.0070 0.0307 0.00012 7 Cao Ngan 31,710 3.17 0.0216 0.0947 0.00038 8 Ho Lau 43,392 4.34 0.0347 0.1525 0.00062 9 Ho Trau 31,470 3.15 0.0307 0.1348 0.00055 10 Hoc Ket 53,598 5.36 0.0176 0.0772 0.00031 11 Ho Chinh 24,160 2.42 0.0082 0.0361 0.00015 12 Huong Mao 23,406 2.34 0.0315 0.1383 0.00056 13 Hoc Bau 14,186 1.42 0.0164 0.0721 0.00029 14 Thai Xuan 12,000 1.20 0.0055 0.0240 0.00010 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (1h) 0.3500 0.2000 30.00000 In general, the concentration of emissions generated by construction vehicles on the site is not high and within allowable limits of QCVN 05: 2013 / BTNMT. Subjects of impact are mainly construction workers on construction sites and residential areas nearby such as: downstream of Ho Giang Reservoir, downstream of Cao Ngan Reservoir, downstream of Hoc Bau Reservoir, and at the beginning of the transportation road to Ho Lau, Ho May Reservoirs. The impacts are local at the construction site with a radius of about 50-100m from the construction site. Time of impact is throughout construction phase, about 8-10 hours of the day. The impact is assessed as Low and can be mitigated through ECOPs. c. Dust and emissions due to transportation of materials and waste disposal The process of transporting raw materials and fuel from the supply areas to the works or the process of transporting solid waste to the disposal area will create dust and emissions from vehicles (emissions mainly from engines including CO, SO2, NO2). Dust and emissions will Page | 117 directly affect transport workers and residents living along transportation routes. Impacts due to transportation of materials and waste disposal include -Dust and emissions will obstruct the vision; affect the health of workers and people involved in traffic and people living along the transportation routes. -The transport process may cause traffic congestion, traffic safety, affecting people's travel activities. -Affecting business activities and lives of people along transportation routes. -Uncovered materials spilled during transportation will have negative impacts to urban landscape and environmental sanitation conditions along the transportation route The degree of impact of dust and emissions depends on many factors such as transport distance, engine type, engine capacity, type and amount of fuel used, the operation of air and road quality… In order to estimate the amount of dust and emissions generated, this report uses the "Pollution Factor" method of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) applicable to transport vehicles using diesel with a load of 7 tons running on urban roads as follows: (i) Dust 0.9 (g / km); SO2 4.15S (g / km, with S = 0.05% -% sulfur content in fuel; CO 2.9 (g / km); NOx 1.44 (g / km). From the dust load and the generated emissions, apply the SUTTON model to determine the average concentration of pollutants at any time with the waste source as follows:    − ( z + h) 2   − ( z − h) 2    0,8 E exp   + exp     2 z  2 z  2 2    C=  z u Where: -C - Concentration of pollutants in the air (mg/m3) -E - Pollutant load from waste sources (mg/ms) -z - Elevation of calculation points (1.5 m) -h - Elevation of the road surface compared to the surrounding ground (m) -u - Average wind speed in the area (m/s) Pollutant diffusion coefficient  z in vertical direction (z) with type B atmospheric stability in the study area, is determined by the following formula:  z = 0.53.x 0.73 (m) Where: x is the distance from the calculation point against the waste source according to the wind direction, the calculation method is to divide the point coordinates by horizontal axis (x) and vertical axis (z). For the project area, the average wind speed of the area is 1.5 m / s. The stability of the atmosphere is type B. Diffusion coefficient  z depends on level of diffusion level of the atmosphere, the value of  z in vertical direction calculated by Slade with type B atmospheric stability and distance of x = 20m from the calculated road to the sides. According to Feasibility Study Report, total material load (soil, sand, cement, steel,..) needs to be transported for the construction of the project is presented in table below. Page | 118 Table 32: Forecast results of dust and emissions generated during the transport of materials 1hr average concentration (mg/m3) No Reservoir Dust SO2 NO2 CO VOC 1 Ho May 0.00240 0.00055 0.00385 0.00775 0.00214 2 Dap Da 0.00203 0.00047 0.00325 0.00654 0.00180 3 Da Vach 0.00107 0.00025 0.00171 0.00344 0.00095 4 Thang Loi 0.00705 0.00163 0.01129 0.02273 0.00627 5 Dong Nhon 0.00251 0.00058 0.00402 0.00809 0.00223 6 Ho Giang 0.00064 0.00015 0.00103 0.00207 0.00057 7 Cao Ngan 0.00128 0.00030 0.00205 0.00413 0.00114 8 Ho Lau 0.00176 0.00041 0.00282 0.00568 0.00157 9 Ho Trau 0.00144 0.00033 0.00231 0.00465 0.00128 10 Hoc Ket 0.00235 0.00054 0.00376 0.00758 0.00209 11 Ho Chinh 0.00112 0.00026 0.00180 0.00362 0.00100 12 Huong Mao 0.00091 0.00021 0.00145 0.00293 0.00081 13 Hoc Bau 0.00064 0.00015 0.00103 0.00207 0.00057 14 Thai Xuan 0.00059 0.00014 0.00094 0.00189 0.00052 QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (1h) 0.3 0.35 0.2 30 - According to the calculation results in the above table, the concentration of dust and emissions from the materials transportation activities for construction is lower than the allowable limit of QCVN 05: 2013 / BTNMT for 1 hour. However, in combination with dust and emissions of daily transport and under hot weather, these can affect health and daily activities of people living along the roads such as: routes in Hoc Bau, Ho Chinh, Cao Ngan, Da Vach, Dong Nhon and Ho May reservoirs (distance from the road to people's houses ranges from 5 to 50m). In addition, there are some good quality roads in some reservoirs, so dust from the transportation vehicles will be significantly limited (such as in Dong Nhon, Da Vach, Thang Loi, Cao Ngan, Ho Giang, Hoc Bau, Hoc Ket reservoirs). The level of dispersion of dust and emissions is: local, small scale because along the transportation route there are quite a lot of acacias. The impacts occurring during the construction phase will gradually decrease until the project operation phase. The impact is mainly in 8-10 hours / day. Therefore, this impact is rated as Low. d. Dust pollution during construction materials mixing During construction phase, sand, concrete and cement mixing, etc. also generate local dust pollution in the construction area and surrounding residential areas (especially on hot days). Referring to the measurement results at a number of positions from the construction site at a distance of 50-100m, the end of the wind direction shows that the dust concentration in the surrounding air environment is at 20 - 30 mg/m3, 60-100 times higher than QCVN 05: 2013 / BTNMT. Meanwhile, since the subproject area is located in a sparsely populated area, the distance from the construction of Hoc Bau Reservoir to the nearest residential area is about 300m or more; the construction site is wide and covered by acacia trees. The impact of this process is assessed as low level. For other construction works, the distance to residential areas is greater than 300m. However, this impact is assessed as low due to the scope of impacts is Page | 119 local at each site, the impacts occur throughout the construction period, about 10 non- continuous hours of the day. This impact can be mitigated through appropriate technical measures. e. Dust and emissions from welding activities During the construction phase, welding is needed in rehabilitation and upgrade of water intake culvert and over Weir Bridge. Chemicals in the melting welding electrode will generate smoke containing toxic substances contaminating the surrounding environment and affecting workers' health. Table 33: Amount of pollutants in the welding process Diameter of the welding rod (mm) Pollutants 2.5 3.25 4 5 6 Welding smoke (consisting of other 285 508 706 1,100 1,578 pollutants) (mg/1 welding rod) CO (mg/1 welding rod) 10 15 25 35 50 NOx (mg/1 welding rod) 12 20 30 45 70 Source: Phạm Ngọc Đăng, Ô nhiễm môi trường không khí, NXB Khoa học kỹ thuật, 2004 According to the Feasibility Study Report, the total amount of welding electrodes used for a construction site is estimated at 100-150kg. In this report, it will be calculated in the case that the volume of welding rods used the most for a construction sites at 150k. Assuming the use of welding electrodes with an average diameter of 4 mm and 25 rods / kg, the toxic gas emitted from the welding process during construction is as follows: Table 34: Amount of toxic gas emitted in the welding process Load for one construction Load for 14 No Air pollutants site (kg) construction site (kg) 1 Welding smoke 2.65 37.07 2 CO 0.09 1.31 3 NOx 0.11 1.58 The load of polluted gases from this activity during the construction period was assessed as low level due to the short duration of operation, intermittent, wide and open space. However, they directly affect welders (workers). Without proper personal protective equipment, welders who come in contact with toxic gases can suffer long-term health effects, and at high concentrations, it can even lead to acute poisoning. 2.Noise During the construction, noise normally comes from: -Transportation of construction materials; -Construction, rehabilitation, upgrade of construction items; -Earth excavation, backfilling; -Construction machineries at construction sites. Noise affects mainly construction workers and people living nearby the project area and along the transportation route. High noise intensity will affect human health in terms of insomnia, fatigue, psychological discomfort. Noise also reduces the labor productivity of the workers on the construction site, making them less focused and easily lead to labor accidents. According to QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT, the maximum allowable limit for noise is 70dBA in Page | 120 the production area and the lowest noise level is 45dBA at medical centers, libraries, nursing homes, schools from 9pm to 6am. For residential areas, the maximum noise level must not exceed 70dBA. Apart from dust and exhaust fumes caused by earthworks and transportation activities, the operation of construction vehicles and equipment such as bulldozers, compactors, cranes, drills, concrete mixers cardboard, excavators, trucks ... also cause significant noise and vibration. Forecast of noise level generated by construction equipment is showed in the table below. Table 35: Noise level from construction equipment used in construction No. Machines Noise (dbA) from 5m 1 Bulldozers 93 2 Compaction machine (roller) 72 - 74 3 Excavator 72 - 84 4 Bucket digger 72 - 93 5 Ground scraper machine 80 - 93 6 Concrete mixer 75 - 88 7 Concrete pump 80 - 83 8 Concrete compactors 85 9 Generator 72 - 83 10 Truck 72 (Source: US EPA - Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, Building Equipment, and Home Appliances NJID, 300.1, 31/12/1971) The noise level, however, will gradually decrease with distance and is identified by following formula: Lp=Lp(X0) + 20log10(X0/X) Where: -Lp(X0): noise level at 1.5m from sources (dBA); -X0 = 1.5m; -Lp(X): noise level at calculation point (dBA); -X: calculation point (m). Maximum noise level by distance due to activities of construction equipment is presented in below table: Table 36: Maximum noise level by distance Noise level Noise level at Noise level at Noise level at at 1.5m 50m from 100m from 200m from No. Equipment, machinery from sources (dBA) sources (dBA sources (dBA sources (dBA) Min Max Min Max Min Max 1 Bulldozers 93 62.5 56.5 50.5 Compaction machine 2 72-74 41.5 43.5 35.5 37.5 29.5 31.5 (roller) 3 Excavator 72-84 41.5 53.5 35.5 47.5 29.5 41.5 4 Bucket digger 72-93 41.5 62.5 35.5 56.5 29.5 50.5 Page | 121 Noise level Noise level at Noise level at Noise level at at 1.5m 50m from 100m from 200m from No. Equipment, machinery from sources (dBA) sources (dBA sources (dBA sources (dBA) Min Max Min Max Min Max Ground scraper 5 80-93 49.5 62.5 43.5 56.5 37.5 50.5 machine 6 Concrete mixer 75-88 44.5 57.5 38.5 51.5 32.5 45.5 7 Concrete pump 80-83 49.5 52.5 43.5 46.5 37.5 40.5 8 Concrete compactors 85 54.5 48.5 42.5 9 Generator 72-83 41.5 52.0 35.5 46.0 29.5 40.0 10 Truck 82-94 51.5 63.5 45.5 57.5 39.5 51.5 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (6-21h) 70 dBA On the other hand, there are a lot of noise sources in the construction site, so the actual noise level will be higher due to the resonance between them. Additional noise levels are showed below: Table 37: Additional noise when many activities occur at the same location Different between Additional noise Different between Additional noise noise level (dB) level (dB) noise level (dB) level (dB) 0 3.0 7 0.8 1 2.6 8 0.6 2 2.1 10 0.4 3 1.8 12 0.3 4 1.5 14 0.2 5 1.2 16 0.1 6 1 (Source: Lê Trình - Đánh giá tác động môi trường - Phương pháp và ứng dụng - NXB Khoa học và Kỹ thuật) Since households lives relatively far away from the construction area (greater than 300m), and a large area of trees in the project area (mainly acacia) can reduce noise, it mainly affects the workers participating in construction. High noise intensity will affect health such as insomnia, fatigue, psychological discomfort. Noise also reduces the labor productivity of workers on the construction site, making them less mentally focused to lead to work accidents. However, according to the calculation results, the noise level at the construction sites is Low, arising in a short time, scattered across the 14 construction sites. Since the construction devices are operated in shifts or on schedule, or based on construction load of items, resonance effect at a certain location is low. Furthermore, vehicles and equipment are periodically checked, and noise will cease once construction is completed. Noise can be mitigated by measures such as equipment for labor protection, noise protection equipment. 3.Vibration Vibration arises mainly from equipment with high capacity and regularly on construction sites such as bulldozers, excavators, air compressors ... for ground leveling, bridge piers and abutment construction. Vibration directly impacts workers involved in operating machinery, people living nearby and infrastructure around the construction site. Vibration affects the lives, business activities and building structures of local people, which even causes cracks and collapse. When the intensity is small and the effect is short, this vibration has a good effect Page | 122 like muscle strengthening, fatigue reduction. When the intensity is high and for long period, it makes the body feel discomfort. Vibrations associated with noise make the hearing organ feel tired, affecting human health. Typical vibration level of some construction equipment is shown in the table below. Table 38: Typical vibration level of some construction equipment No Construction equipment used Reference vibration (vertical direction dB) 1 Excavator 80 2 Bulldozer 79 3 Heavy transport vehicle 74 4 Roller 82 5 Compressor 81 Source: US EPA - Vibration from Construction Equipment and Operations and Building Equipment NJID, 300.1, 31 – 12 – 197 To predict the vibration level decline by distance, the formula below is used: L = L0 – 10lg (r/r0) – 8.7a (r – r0) (dB) Where: -L is vibration level in dB at “r” meter from sources; -Lo is vibration level in dB at “ro” meter from sources. Vibration level at r0 = 10 m is normally considered as source of vibration. -a is internal reduction factor to clay foundation of about 0.5. Prediction results are presented in below table. Table 39: The decrease of vibration level with distance in construction Vibration Vibration at corresponding distance source (r0=10m) r=12m r=14m r=16m r=18m No. Equipment Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) 1 Excavator 80 1.72 70.5 0.58 61.1 0.20 51.9 0.07 42.6 0.02 2 Bulldozer 79 1.53 69.5 0.51 60.1 0.17 50.9 0.06 41.6 0.02 Heavy 3 truck 74 0.86 64.5 0.29 55.1 0.10 45.9 0.03 36.6 0.01 4 Wheelchair 82 2.17 72.5 0.73 63.1 0.25 53.9 0.08 44.6 0.03 5 Compressor 81 1.93 71.5 0.65 62.1 0.22 52.9 0.08 43.6 0.03 QCVN27:2010/BTNMT, allowable limits form 6 - 21:00 is 75dB, and baseline level from 21h6h. DIN 4150, 1970 (Germany), 2mm/s: no damage; 5mm/s: falling mortar; 10mm/s: possible damages to load bearing parts; 20  40mm/s: damages to load bearing parts According to calculation results in Table 39, vibration level of vehicles, construction equipment at 12m distance are within the allowable limits stipulated in QCVN 27: 2010 / BTNMT (<75dB) and will decrease when the affected location is far from the source of vibration. The vibration of construction equipment directly affects the construction workers at the construction site. However, the impact of vibration should be paid attention to the construction areas near residential areas, but at a low level: -Residential area at downstream of Ho Giang reservoir. Page | 123 -Residential area at downstream of Cao Ngan reservoir. -Residential area at downstream of Hoc Bau reservoir and along materials transportation route -Residential area along transportation route of Ho Lau reservoir -Residential area along transportation route of Ho May reservoir. Impact due to vibration is assessed at LOW due to the operating time of equipment is intermittent, the impacts is in local scale, workers involved in operation of equipment works in shifts and are well equipped with labor protection instrument. Impacts due to complete vibration can be minimized through the application of construction methods and construction plans in accordance with each construction site. 4.Impacts to water quality ➢ Domestic waste water from construction workers’ camps At each construction site, there are about 70 ÷ 100 workers participating in construction, peaking at about 100 workers a day. The number of workers is really high during first phase of the project and will gradually decrease as the project proceeds. With the water consumption norm of 35 liters of water / person / day (Refer to the standard for workers in camps, including bathing, washing, eating, ... taking from 30 - 35l/person/day Water supply and sewerage program, 2014), taking 100% of the water supply standard (35 liters/person/day), the total amount of domestic wastewater generated at each site is about 3.5 m3/day. Domestic wastewater generating by workers in the construction area is the main reason affecting water quality in the surrounding area. Domestic wastewater contains a lot of residues, easily decomposing organic matter, nutrients and pathogenic bacteria, which can contaminate surface and underground water sources if not handled properly. At the same time, if domestic wastewater is not collected, there is a risk of disease outbreaks (diseases related to the digestive part, respiratory, skin diseases) affecting workers and people living near construction areas Based on the volume of pollutants shown in the Urban Wastewater Status Report - Hanoi Institute of Environmental Science and Technology - Hanoi University of Technology in 2006, the amount of pollutants per person discharged into the environment daily is given in the following table: Table 40: Amount of pollutants (for one site) TT Pollutants Load (g/person/day) Pollutant load/day (g) 1 BOD5 45 - 54 4500 - 5400 2 Suspended solid 70 - 145 7000 - 14500 3 Plant, animal grease 10 - 30 1000 - 3000 4 NO3- (nitrogen based) 6 - 12 600 - 1200 PO43- (phosphorous 5 0,8 - 4,0 80 - 400 based) 6 Coliform 106- 109 MPN/100ml 100x106 - 100x109 MPN/100ml Source: Urban Wastewater Status Report - Hanoi Institute of Environmental Science and Technology - Hanoi University of Technology, 2006 Table 41: Pre-treated concentration of pollutants in domestic waste water Concentration of pollutants in QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT No Pollutants domestic wastewater before (column B) treatment (mg/l) 1 BOD5 582 50 Page | 124 Concentration of pollutants in QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT No Pollutants domestic wastewater before (column B) treatment (mg/l) 2 Suspended solid 1265 100 3 Plant, animal grease 235 20 NO3- (nitrogen 4 106 50 based) PO43- (phosphorous 5 28 10 based) 6 Coliform 100x106 - 60x109 MPN/100ml 5000 MPN/100ml Calculated results in the table above showed that untreated domestic wastewater has much higher concentrations of pollutants than QCVN 14: 2008 / BTNMT (column B). Waste water of this type usually contains total suspended solids (TSS), organic substances (BOD, COD), nitrogen and phosphorus containing substances as well as microorganisms that need to be controlled and treated before being discharged to environment. This is a significant source of pollution, in the absence of appropriate treatment measures, these substances can directly affect the living environment of workers and people around the project area, causing diseases and directly affecting groundwater and surface water environment. Surface water areas can be affected such as surface water in 14 reservoirs, the canal system behind the culverts of reservoirs However, the impact of domestic wastewater is considered Medium due to: (i) domestic wastewater discharges at each camp are not of large quantity, and the Contractor also uses local labors or rent houses making the amount of wastewater generated is lower than calculated; (ii) the impacts are local at each camp site; (iii) The amount of wastewater generated is intermittent during the day; (iv) Short construction time (12 months). Impacts due to domestic wastewater can be mitigated through technical and management measures appropriate to each construction site area. ➢ Construction waste water Construction waste water arises mainly from the following activities: (i) mixing concrete to build bridges and reinforce dam surfaces and roads; (ii) washing construction materials and equipment -Concrete mixing activities at construction sites requires 250l concrete mixers with total capacity of 30 m3/h. According Concrete Technology and Special Concrete of Pham Duy Huu, Construction Publishing House in 2009, concrete mixing process with a capacity of 30 m3/h will need 9.69m3 of water to wash aggregate and 5.4 m3 of water to mix concrete. In which, 80% of aggregate washing water will be reused. Thus, the wastewater in the concrete mixing process arising on 1 construction is 20% x 9.69 = 1.94 (m3/h). On average, concrete mixing activities take place 2 hours/day, however, it operation time can be up to 4-6 hours/day. Therefore, the largest amount of wastewater generated from concrete mixing at a construction site is 1.94 x 6 = 11.64 (m3/day). -The amount of waste water used to wash construction equipment is estimated at approximately 0.5 m3/day Thus, the amount of wastewater on a construction site is 12.14 m3/day, equivalent to about 170 m3/day for all 14 construction sites. However, the construction activities in 14 reservoirs are not implemented at the same time, so this amount is much lower than calculated. The construction waste water often has a high pH (usually pH> 12), contains a lot of suspended solids content and no toxic ingredients. If this amount of construction waste is not treated, it Page | 125 will cause sedimentation, affecting the water receiving areas (surface water in 14 reservoirs, the canal system behind the culverts of the reservoirs). In fact, this wastewater is reused to dampen materials or dampen earthworks areas on site. At the same time, the amount of waste generated at each construction site is small, the construction time is short (12 months), and the impact is considered local at the construction site. Moreover, the frequency of wastewater generated from the concrete mixing process is intermittent. Therefore, impacts caused by construction wastewater are assessed as Medium and can be minimized. ➢ Storm water runoff Rain water is considered to be clean if not contacted with other pollution sources such as: waste water, air pollutants, soil/mud... Subject affected is hydrological area in the storm water runoff receiving catchment. Pollutant composition in overflow rain water during construction phase include rock, grease, domestic waste washed away by rain water and become source of pollutants to surface water and groundwater environment. The overflow rain water in the project area is identified by following formula: W = ψ x q x F/1000 Where: -W: Storm water runoff volume m3; -Ψ: Surface water coefficient, ψ = 0,32 - 0,92 (depends on vegetation cover, construction density and soil slope...), select Ψ = 0,44; -q: Average annual rainfall in the calculation area, mm; -F: Calculated area (m2). Thus, the total amount of storm water runoff in the construction areas of the subproject in a year is presented in the table below. Table 42: Storm water runoff in each construction site Total rainfall Surface water Storm water runoff No. Reservoir Area (m2) intensity (m) coefficient volume (m3) 1 Ho May 3,834 2,617 0.44 4,415 2 Dap Da 3,450 2,617 0.44 3,973 3 Da Vach 4,278 2,617 0.44 4,925 4 Thang Loi 2,173 2,617 0.44 2,502 5 Dong Nhon 8,460 2,617 0.44 9,742 6 Ho Giang 8,950 2,617 0.44 10,306 7 Cao Ngan 5,500 2,617 0.44 6,333 8 Ho Lau 4,673 2,617 0.44 5,380 9 Ho Trau 3,834 2,617 0.44 4,415 10 Hoc Ket 11,400 2,617 0.44 13,127 11 Ho Chinh 11,005 2,617 0.44 12,672 12 Huong Mao 2,780 2,617 0.44 3,201 13 Hoc Bau 3,233 2,617 0.44 3,722 14 Thai Xuan 8,226 2,617 0.44 9,472 According to the WHO’s study, the concentration of pollutants in conventional overflow rainwater is about 0.5 - 1.5 mg N / l; 0.004 - 0.03 mg P / l; 10-20 mg COD / l and 10-20 mg TSS / l. The receiving end of storm water runoff is water bodies, reservoirs and canals in the Page | 126 subproject area. Storm water runoff passing through the construction site will take materials, unconsolidated rock and soil, mineral salts on the surface, leaked grease, increase the content of suspended substances and organic matters, increase turbidity, grease level in the water, causing adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems of water sources. If there are no drainage ditches, overflow rainwater can affect construction items by damaging or destroying construction items that are under construction for example... This type of impact appears during rainy season from September to December. However, the impact is assessed as Low due to: -The site is regularly cleaned by workers, thus limiting material, unconsolidated rock and soil are swept away by storm water runoff -The site is regularly cleaned by workers, thus limiting material, unconsolidated rock and soil swept away by storm water runoff -There have storm water drainage ditches in construction site -Construction activities mainly take place in the dry season and the construction period is short. Impacts due to storm water runoff can be minimized through appropriate technical measures and management measures. 5.Impacts from solid waste ➢ Construction solid waste Sources solid waste during the construction process include: Excavation, backfilling and leveling; transportation of excess raw materials and solid waste; construction activities; maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment ... Solid wastes include: excavated and spilled soil, rock, sand. In addition, there are scrap iron and steel; cement bags; piece of wood chips, broken bricks… Table 43: Volume of solid waste during the construction process Amount of materials Loss ratio 0.005% Loss ratio 0.01% No. Reservoir (ton) (ton) (ton) 1 Ho May 66.529 3.33 6.65 2 Dap Da 53.894 2.69 5.39 3 Da Vach 27.932 1.40 2.79 4 Thang Loi 193.285 9.66 19.33 5 Dong Nhon 66.764 3.34 6.68 6 Ho Giang 17.050 0.85 1.71 7 Cao Ngan 35.504 1.78 3.55 8 Ho Lau 47.012 2.35 4.70 9 Ho Trau 38.505 1.93 3.85 10 Hoc Ket 62.842 3.14 6.28 11 Ho Chinh 29.529 1.48 2.95 12 Huong Mao 23.235 1.16 2.32 13 Hoc Bau 16.956 0.85 1.70 14 Thai Xuan 14.560 0.73 1.46 Note: the material loss ratio is based on norm stipulated in the Document no. 1784/BXD-VP dated 16/8/2007 and Document No. 1776/BXD-VP, dated 16/8/2007 of Ministry of Construction Page | 127 However, if these wastes are not well controlled, they can hinder construction and increase the amount of dust in and around the construction sites, affecting workers and people living nearby. Possible affected residential areas are in downstream area of Ho Giang Reservoir, right side of Cao Ngan Reservoir, downstream of and along transportation routes to Hoc Bau Reservoir, at the beginning of the transportation route to Ho Lau reservoir, along the transportation route to Ho May reservoir … In addition, some types of solid waste such as rubble, scrap steel, cement bags, etc may be generated after the construction time. However, this types of solid waste are reusable, so it can be reclaimed to reuse or sell to in need units. Thus, these solid wastes are less likely to be into the environment. This impact is assessed at a LOW level due to: (i) The volume of waste generated at each site is not large and only in small area; (ii) Short construction period; (iii) solid waste will be collected and transported daily to the disposal area near the construction site with frequency of 2 times / week. At the same time, this impact can be minimized through measures proposed in ECOP. ➢ Domestic solid waste Domestic solid waste is generated from daily activities of construction workers in camps. The main component of domestic solid waste includes biodegradable organic substances and persistent inorganic substances such as nylon bags, bottles, and old personal items. The average amount of domestic solid waste is about 0.3 - 0.5 kg / person / day (Vietnam National Environmental Report 2011 - Solid Waste). With the number of 100 workers / 1 site, corresponding daily solid waste amount is 30 - 50 kg/day Total domestic solid waste of a construction site is about 10.8 to 18 ton (in 12 month period). If this amount of waste is not collected and treated properly, it may: -Obstruct the flow during the construction, creating a premise for the flooding process, congestion flow (at the location of bridges, weirs and culverts) -Cause traffic hindrance when transporting construction materials to construction sites and construction activities of workers (mainly during the construction of service roads). -Create great risks to the water, air environment and further affecting the health of people and construction workers (in all 14 projects) if there is not a proper plan for collection, transportation and treatment of domestic solid wastes with organic ingredients, containing pathogens However, the impact of domestic waste is assessed as "Low" and can be mitigated because: (i) The amount of waste generated on each site is not much and is collected daily by workers; (ii) Locally generated at construction sites; (iii) Contractors use local labor to limit the amount of domestic waste generated; (iv) Worker camps are far from residential areas. ➢ Hazardous solid waste Hazardous waste generated during the construction phase of the subproject include: (i) Oil contaminated materials from machinery maintenance; (ii) packaging, oil tanks, asphalt, gasoline and paint containers; (iii) Remaining of welding rod; (iv) Batteries, light bulbs, cartridges from office activities at the construction site. The volume of hazardous waste depends on the number of equipment / machinery, labor and materials: -Even if the maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment is done properly, it will generate oil sludge, oil bottles and cloth with grease ... (3kg/month approximately). If these are not collected and treated, it will affect the landscape, pollute the surface water and underground water in the project area. The project owner will have measures to collect and treat hazardous waste accordingly (Circular No. 36/2015 / TT- Page | 128 BTNMT on waste management) to minimize negative impacts on the regional environment. The maintenance and construction activities are carried out at repair centers. -Packaging, oil tank, asphalt, gasoline tank and paint generated in construction sites are not of large volume (about 30 - 50kg each site). However, if these wastes are not collected, it will pose and unpleasant image to surrounding landscape, and be a potential source of soil and water pollution. -Welding electrode generated at each construction site from steel frame shaping activities when repairing and upgrading water intake culvert. Percentage of excessive welding rod is approximately 5-7% of welding rod weight, making an amount of 9kg of abundant welding electrode that need to be collected at each site. However, this type of waste is of low quantity and rarely generated. It will be collected and transported to hazardous waste disposal site as prescribed. -Amount of hazardous waste from office works is relatively small about 1-3kg/month for each site. Hazardous waste if not collected will have following impacts -Greases infiltrating into water will directly affect aquatic species in 14 construction sites (surface water, water canals), reduce growth rate and may kill aquatic species... -Heavy metal elements will follow the food chain to penetrate food and affect human health. -Around the project area is agricultural land, water from reservoirs and irrigation systems are directly pumped for irrigation, so the source of water contaminated with grease, heavy metals can reduce crop productivity and pollute cropland However, the amount of this hazardous waste in each construction site is small and locally present in some certain areas during construction phase only. Hazardous waste will be collected, managed and treated as prescribed. This impact is assessed as Low and can be mitigated by suitable management and treatment measures for each site. 6. Ecological impacts ➢ Aquatic ecosystem The reservoirs’ biodiversity is quite poor, which mainly are production crops of the people. Therefore, the impact of the construction of major works items will affect the aquatic ecosystem in the reservoirs. When the construction vehicles at head works (dam site), spillway, water intake structures, aquatic ecosystem in the reservoir may be affected. The process of embankment of dykes in the reservoir area to repair the water intake culvert also affects the aquatic ecosystem. Excavation and embankment can directly destroy some benthic species, losing the habitat of benthic populations in the construction site and surrounding areas during construction phase. The earthworks will disturb bed sediments, disperses suspended solid making turbidity level increased, hinders the photosynthesis process of aquatic plants (duckweed, algae), disrupt food chain of aquatic species, reduce the development of some aquatic species. In addition, the disturbance of sediment will increase the solubility of deposited heavy metals, which can cause heavy metal poisoning for fish, shrimp, crabs, and the animals in the reservoir. In addition, if the construction unit does not strictly control hazardous waste generated from oil tank cleaning, machine maintenance, or oil leakage ... will create spills and also seriously affects the aquatic ecosystem. Level of impacts from construction of works items to the aquatic ecosystem and species is assessed as Low because: (i) construction time of water intake culvert, weir and upstream face is mainly in dry season, when water level in the reservoirs is at its lowest; (ii) duration of Page | 129 impacts is short; (iii) construction of works items is not simultaneously, thus the impacts is dispersed and locally present in construction site. These impacts will reduce once the operation phase starts. The ecosystem and environment quality are expected to recover to its pre-excavating conditions after 6 months to 1 year. ➢ Terrestrial ecosystem The leveling ground will cause loss of habitat, residence, reproduction and death of some species of animals living inland such as insects, animals living in caves like snakes, frogs... Dust, emissions from construction affect the living and the development of the fauna and the flora in the area and the surrounding areas. Dust sticking on leaves reduces photosynthesis of trees and heats leaf. SO2, CO, H2S cause leaf disease and affect the growth of plants. However, this effect does not affect much on the development of the surrounding vegetation. Clearing trees, vegetation and ground excavation causes soil erosion. The impacts are short-term and limit in the construction area and the native ecosystem fast recovers, the impact level is assessed to be small. 7. Impacts to soil environment The exploitation of construction materials: exploitation of filling soil, construction activities, transportation, and material gathering ... will affect the soil environment, breaking the surface structure, changing the fertility of the topsoil. Construction waste such as cardboards, steel scraps, plastic boxes, soil, and waste stones... without collection will mix on land. Non-degradable wastes such as nylon, iron, etc. will affect the soil environment. Domestic wastes from workers on site easily disintegrate and create bad odors. If workers are not equipped with hygienic toilets, they will discharge directly into the environment, which will affect soil environment. However, this type of waste is mostly concentrated in the workers' houses, it is easy for the collectors to treat, and therefore the impact is not significant. Solid waste containing grease and oil is hazardous waste but there is small volume. This is a non-degradable type of waste in the soil environment, so if there is no waste treatment method, it will affect the soil environment. Construction wastewater contains cement. Wastewater from repair points, washing equipment, trucks contains toxic oil, grease. These types of wastewater, when seeping into the soil, will make the soil harden but it is little and its impact scope is small. According to the study and the field survey, we found that the temporary occupation area for construction of auxiliary items is not large, waste water and garbage arising during the construction time at site are collected and thoroughly treated, which does not affect the soil environment. Therefore, the impacts are assessed at small level. 8. Impacts to water supply for production activities Rehabilitation and upgrades of water intake culvert and spillways as well as improvements to some sections of canals will affect the water supply for downstream production activities due to the need to drain water to the reservoir’s dead water level or lower than the dead water level or must block the flow to construct. Therefore, during the rehabilitation and upgrades process (especially water intake culverts), the function of supplying irrigation water to the downstream area of the reservoir will be temporarily affected. Therefore, temporary suspension of water supply may have a potential impact on the crop if mitigation measures are not implemented properly. However, the impacts on water supply for downstream production activities are assessed as Low due to: (i) The construction phase is mainly carried out at the end of the dry season when the water level in the lake is lowest; (ii) The demand for irrigation in the downstream is Page | 130 almost unavailable because this is harvesting time; (iii) Time for construction and repair of the culvert is rather short (about 1-2 months); (iv) The project owner and the contractor still reserve the plan of pumping water or regulate water to ensure enough irrigation water for the downstream people when necessary. 9. Impacts to society, women and children ➢ Social impacts Social impacts are mainly related to mobilization of workers from other localities to the subproject area and construction activities. The subproject is expected to have 14 construction sites, the number of workers is about 100 people /1 site. This impact affects people around the subproject area and local infrastructure. Social impacts include: -(i) Conflicts between construction workers and local communities due to differences in habits, customs, culture, lifestyle, employment and income. This impact may be higher in areas near residential areas such as residential areas in downstream of Ho Giang reservoir, right side of Cao Ngan Reservoir, main dam of and along the route to Hoc Bau Reservoir, at the beginning of the Ho Lau reservoir and along the transport route to Ho May reservoir -Conflict between local people and the Contractors when waste generated from construction activities such as dust, solid waste, hazardous waste, waste rock and soil pose negative impacts to crops, rice and vegetables or erosion and landslides that buries crops at all 14 sites -Activities from worker’s camps generating waste water, domestic waste into the environment that can also lead to conflicts with the local community. Dispute can also arise from workers using local resources such as clean water, food which make the prices increased. -(iv) High number of workers in one place can cause social disturbance and problems of security and social evils such as gambling, prostitution and drugs uses. At the same time, workers stay together in a number of camp sites near residential areas (in downstream of Ho Giang reservoir, right side of Cao Ngan Reservoir, main dam of and along the route to Hoc Bau Reservoir, at the beginning of the Ho Lau reservoir and along the transport route to Ho May reservoir), may cause conflicts with local people. because wastewater and waste are not collected and treated, causing adverse impacts such as smell, environment, landscape and health to local communities -(v) The use of local labor by the subproject for some simple tasks poses a risk that children can participate, affecting the psychology, health and development ability of children, causing conflicts with local people -(vi) Impact on existing infrastructure and related services: Transport of construction materials and waste (7-ton vehicle) is likely to cause degradation of road infrastructure (QL1A, QL14E, QL14B, TL608, 609, 610, 614, 616 and concrete roads, inter-village and inter-commune roads ...). -(vii) Traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks: Construction vehicles and equipment used in the subproject will increase traffic density on roads (QL1A, QL14E, QL14B, TL608, 609, 610, 614, 616 and concrete roads, inter-village and inter-commune roads) contributing to the disturbance and increasing the risk of traffic accidents and traffic congestion... However, the social impact is assessed as "Low" because: (i) workers stay scattered in 14 different areas, the impact is localized in the scope of the construction area; (ii) The contractor will take advantage of local labor to participate in construction, take measures to control the age of the hired labors; (iii) the impact is mainly concentrated during the early period of construction phase, the duration of impact is short; (iv) the needs for water will not be Page | 131 disrupted during the construction period; (v) density and frequency of traffic in the project area is relatively low. Therefore, social impacts can be controlled by mitigation measures implemented during construction. ➢ Impacts on women With about 100 workers on a construction site, of which men and women account for about 75% and 25% respectively. This may cause social disturbances, affecting women directly on site or around the subproject area and their families during the construction phase. In some previous similar projects, unmarried women may find it challenging in getting married or they will become single mothers. Married women can be affected to family happiness. In addition, they can be transmitted with infectious diseases, social diseases such as HIV / AIDS, syphilis ... If this happens, it will cause disturbance to the mind, psychology of women and become long-term impact (may affect the next generation). This impact only occurs during the construction phase (12 months). However, the impact on women is assessed as Low due to: (i) According to the results of the socio-economic survey, the subproject area has not recorded negative impacts related to women at construction sites: (ii) The number of working women is not much and the contractor prioritizes hiring local workers; (iii) Training and propaganda to disseminate information to workers about social diseases and preventive methods; (iv) Develop rules, regulations, penalties and responsibilities for construction workers at each construction site; (v) The contractor coordinates with the local government in demographic management at the construction site ➢ Employment of children labors In order to reduce the construction cost, some jobs that do not require a high level of skill will potentially risk the contractor using the child (according to Vietnamese regulations, minors are the ones under 15 years old. Due to limited knowledge, children can be abused affecting their psychology, health and learning ability. However, the impact is assessed at a low level due to: (i) According to the results of the socio-economic survey, the subproject area has not recorded issues related to the use of child labor; (ii) The contractor pledges not to hire child labor to implement subproject related contents; (iii) The project owner coordinates with local authorities and related units to strictly control the employment of the Contractor; (iv) Commitment to not use child labor is one of the mandatory conditions in the bidding documents ➢ Impact on traffic safety and infrastructure Operation of vehicles in the project will increase traffic density, affect local traffic, cause road damage and traffic congestion and potential traffic accidents if traffic rules are not taken properly. The rapid increase in the number of vehicles in a small area will create pressure on traffic conditions in the region, especially inter-commune, inter-village as well as the service road the construction sites. An estimated 27,575 turns of vehicles with a tonnage of 7 tons will move on the roads of 14 construction sites for transporting materials, sand, gravel, cement, steel and so on making about 88 turns of vehicle per day/site. The increase in transportation will increase traffic safety risks for people. In particular, this route passes through residential areas of 15 communes, where there are schools, markets and inland transport routes. However, the construction work is not continuous for 12 months and this impact is manageable so it is assessed at a moderate level. Local roads and rural infrastructure may be damaged by large vehicles. Roads through residential areas and fields connecting roads are mainly concrete or earth roads with small load bearing capacity, which can be broken, crushed or collapsed, when the heavy vehicles passing by or under high density of traveling vehicles, in particular: Page | 132 -Ho May reservoir: local concrete road to construction site -Dap Da reservoir: inter-commune asphalt road when accessing construction site -Da Vach reservoir: local concrete road to construction site -Thang Loi reservoir: inter-commune gravel road to the construction site -Dong Nhon reservoir: provincial road 617 -Ho Giang reservoir: provincial road 616 -Cao Ngan reservoir: local concrete road to construction site -Ho Lau reservoir: inter-commune asphalt road when accessing construction site. -Ho Trau reservoir provincial road 617. -Hoc Ket reservoir: local concrete road to construction site. -Ho Chinh reservoir inter-commune concrete road when accessing construction site. -Huong Mao reservoir: local gravel road to the construction site. -Hoc Bau reservoir: asphalt road to My Son Sanctuary For the potential impacts on roads, the subproject owner demand construction units to make commitment to the local community that if any damage occurs during the construction process, it will be repaired and restored to the pre-construction state, thus this impact is evaluated as Low level. 5.3.2.2. General risks during construction period 1.Explosion, fire and fuel leak Fire and explosion may occur in cases such as: (i) fuel transport and storage; (ii) a temporary power supply system or unsafe use of generator will result in electrical incidents leading to fire; (iii) fire and explosion from welding, asphalt burning; (iv) gas leakage from camps when cooking; (v) operation of machines, welding and vehicles using gasoline and diesel without complying with fire regulations. If a fire or explosion incident occurs, it can cause serious damage, affecting -Lives of workers and local people ; -Natural environment impact (air, soil, and biology…); -People’s psychology, causing confusion with local people and communities; -Lives, economy and society of the surrounding area; -Causing damages to the construction works and adjacent infrastructure Project owners and contractors will develop specific plans for emergency response to fire and explosion incidents on site. At the same time, the contractor will carry out fire prevention and fighting and strictly comply with measures to prevent leakage, fire and explosion. Fire prevention will be carried out regularly by the Contractor to minimize the possibility of incidents and reduce negative impacts. 2.Risks from working on water surface Risks from working on the water can occur at all reservoirs. Objects to be impacted are mainly workers. They are at risk of falling from 2 to 10m (during construction or operating machinery equipment) down into the water, causing injury or fatalities. The causes of this risk include: (i) The carelessness of workers during construction; (ii) The fault of technical equipment, machinery, scaffolding; (iii) Lack of safety equipment at construction sites; (iv) Lack of training in safety and knowledge technology make employees incapable of predicting potential risks and measures to avoid accidents; (v) Working without wearing any personal protective equipment may increase the probability of an unexpected accident. This risk is assessed as HIGH without proper mitigation measures Page | 133 3.Short circuit and electrical shock Short circuit and electric shock may occur due to: (i) construction equipment break the existing lines at the construction site; (ii) the temporary power supply system for machinery and equipment during construction may cause problems of short circuit, electric shock, ...; (iii) the process of using generators is not safe. If the incident occurs, it will affect the health or life of the workers, people nearby the subproject area, causing damage to property, affecting the mentality of people in the area. The project owner and contractor will develop a specific plan for emergency response to short circuit and electric shock on site. Contractors regularly inspect electrical systems and wires, give proper training to workers on occupational safety and fire safety to minimize the possibility of incidents and reduce negative impacts. 4.Health and Safety Risk ➢ Community Health and Safety Risk Risks of traffic accidents, occupational accidents, fire and explosion incidents, short circuit and electric shock related to construction activities will also affect the safety of the community During the construction phase, there are more construction workers (each site has about 100 workers) to temporarily reside in the locality ... the medical examination and treatment for the local community of the medical aid station will be difficult, especially in cases of disease outbreak such as dengue, diarrhea, pinkeye ....; If the camp is not well managed, stagnant solid waste and domestic wastewater will cause environmental pollution. This creates conditions for flies and mosquitoes to thrive and may develop epidemics such as diarrhea, dengue ... affecting the health of the local community. High number of workers may also lead to an increase in social evils such as prostitution, gambling, etc., leading to increased risk of HIV / AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases in the locality The process of transporting fuel and waste leads to the increase of traffic on existing roads, smoke, dust; noise from construction activities will also affect on health and safety risks of local community The impact level is forecasted to be small to moderate due to: (i) the impacts are only within each construction site; (ii) construction period is 12 months which is not too long; (iii) the number of workers is about 100 workers / 1 site, and the contractor uses local labor; (iv) workers are trained on occupational safety, traffic safety, sanitation ... This impact can be mitigated through ECOPs. ➢ Workers’ health and safety risk Construction activities such as excavation, leveling ground, loading and unloading construction materials, operating equipment (excavators, cranes, trucks, welding machines and concrete mixers), and construction on surface of water ... are at risk of labor accidents, traffic accidents or risks to workers' health without proper control measures. In addition, the storage and use of fuel such as electricity, gas and petroleum poses potential risks such as electric shock, fire, explosion, gas leak ... which will directly affect the health and safety of people and workers. Occupational incidents can occur in any construction phase of the subproject due to: -Workers working on the water surface (construction of sluice gates, bridges over spillways, flood spillways) are at risk of drowning, or falling off because of carelessness or fatigue or fail to comply with labor safety regulations; -Health status: Especially the workers working outdoors under severe hot weather (summer, the temperature can be from 380C - 400C); Page | 134 -Operating machinery and equipment for loading and unloading materials, equipment, dredging, digging, constructing and transporting materials -Landslides in deep excavation areas, bridge abutments, culverts; -Injuries due to insect bites, broken glass when working in the bush during clearance process; -Severe weather conditions such as heavy rain, storms, flash floods or very hot weather -Dismantling existing bridges: accidents may occur if people and vehicles travel on the bridge that are being dismantled -Risks of infectious diseases, social diseases, sexually transmitted diseases In general, the risk to safety and health of workers is assessed as "SMALL" due to: (i) the impacts are only within each construction site and may scattered in the subproject’s areas; (ii) short construction time; (iii) contractors provide equipment to protect workers, arrange reasonable construction time and give training on traffic safety and occupational safety on construction sites; (iv) fuel storage areas are not located near camps and are regularly inspected to limit the risk of fire and explosion; (v) training on fire and explosion prevention and fighting; (vi) propagation, dissemination, guidance on prevention of infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. This impact can be minimized through appropriate solutions such as training on occupational safety, traffic safety ... before and during the construction and provision of adequate protective equipment for workers. 5.Risks and safety matters when working in production forest Working near the production forest poses a risk to workers directly constructing due to insect, bee, mosquito bites or being attacked by snakes and wild animals. Workers may suffer from diseases such as flu, dengue fever, malaria, gastrointestinal disease, skin disease when living near production forests. This directly affects the lives and health of workers. In addition, construction near the production forest poses a risk that workers will hunt wild animals for food, cut down trees to make firewood, or risk of forest fires due to carelessness of workers in cooking, smoking. This greatly affects the flora and fauna living near the project area, pose the risk of biodiversity loss or conflicts with local communities. However, this impact is assessed as LOW because it takes place locally at the construction site and last only for short amount of time (during the construction period of 12 months): (i) This is production forest, mainly acacia and cajuput cultivation which should be of low diversity; (ii) There are no forest animals, wild animals (tigers, leopards, deer, etc.) living in the subproject areas so the hunting of wild animals or being attacked by wild animals is not happening; (iii) Workers are trained and raised awareness in forest preservation and protection and forest fire prevention. At the same time, workers only work within the area of occupied land, not violating the production areas of the people; (iv) Workers are equipped with labor protection equipment to avoid insect, bees, mosquito bites; (v) At each site, a medical cabinet is provided for first aid in cases of insects, bees, mosquito bites or diseases related to dengue, malaria, gastrointestinal disease, skin diseases. At the same time, the construction sites are about 2-3km away from medical aid stations, so it is convenient for first aid for workers. This impact can be mitigated through the implementation of regulations on construction sites and appropriate construction and mitigation measures to each construction site. 6.Risks of coffer dam broken during construction Possible causes for broken coffer dam: -Maximum flow and water level during the construction period exceed the designed flow and water level. Page | 135 -Quality of embankment materials does not meet requirements. -The designed elevation has not been reached before encountering with over-designed flood … Subjects of impacts for coffer dam break: (i) Construction items and (ii) and residents in downstream area. When the coffer dam breaks, it will affect: -Construction quality (culvert and weir); -Construction progress. -Water supply to downstream area, and water demand for agricultural production. -Possibly inundate downstream area due to sudden increase of water flow through culvert or spillway in some construction sites such as Ho Giang, Ho May and Hoc Bau where the residents live quite near the downstream of culvert and spillway. When the coffer dam is broken, water storage capacity and operation of the reservoir will not be effective, affecting water regulation of the reservoir as well as water supply for downstream areas in coming years. It will, therefore, affect agricultural production activities and socio-economic condition in general However, this impact is assessed Low and localized because the water regulation is mainly done in dry season when the amount of water flowing through the channel is not large, the embankment material has been carefully surveyed. The soil quality is relatively good. 7.Discover of artifacts Excavation and construction activities can reveal physical cultural heritage under the ground. However, these facilities are located along the lake with long-term cultivation activities. These areas have been studied and confirmed that they are not archaeological sites, so the probability of finding artifacts, physical cultural heritage is low. 5.3.2.3. Impacts to sensitive works The construction of different subproject items may affect some sensitive works located near the construction sites, including the inconvenience of the people when they want to travel to those areas; Emissions and dust can become a nuisance for local residents and cultural activities; Traffic safety risks and work-related accidents. The survey shows that the construction of the subproject may not only affect workers and neighboring communities, but also affect some sensitive structures near major dams or near material transport routes. The impact level is assessed as low to medium, temporary and mitigate-able. Details of works within a radius of 200-500 m around the subproject area are described as follows: Page | 136 Table 44: Impacts on sensitive receptors Sensitive works Description Potential impacts Scope of impact Level 1. Ho May reservoir: 03 sensitive works Ancestral temple • 30m from construction and management • Dust, exhaust. • Occurs in small area, within • Low road, 300m from the main dam • Noise, vibration construction site. • The project does not acquire land area of • Spillage of solid waste affects the • Short time, mainly on the 1st this works spiritual and social activities of local and 15th of lunar month. • Worship and other relevant activities usually people during the traditional ceremony • Impacts from dust, exhaust, take place on the 1st or 15th day of the lunar • Obstructing people's access to their vibration and solid waste are month temple area assessed to be Low • Risk of community conflict. Aquaculture production area • 100m to the secondary dam of Ho May • Waste water, solid waste and hazardous • Waste water, solid waste are • Low reservoir waste could kill the fish collected and their impacts • The project does not acquire land area of • Affects income of households having are only within construction this works fish farm in the area area, which do not affect • Mainly fish farming aquaculture production • Increase turbidity due to falling materials, affecting water intake for fish • Impact time is short, only farming of households during construction time High voltage line • Located 30m to the right of the secondary • During construction time, mobilization • No overhead works • Low dam of Ho May of machinery can affect electrical safety • Transportation and • The project does not acquire land area of • During construction period, mobilizing construction activities do not this works motorbikes and vehicles can affect happen concurrently. electrical safety, collision with transmission lines, and violation of protection corridor. 2. Dap Da Reservoir: No sensitive works Page | 137 Sensitive works Description Potential impacts Scope of impact Level 3. Da Vach Reservoir: No sensitive works 4. Thang Loi Reservoir: 02 sensitive works Military camp • Right next to the reservoir. It is training • Construction activities can affect • The impacts are within • Low ground of border troop training plans and safety military construction site • 300 - 500m to the main dam equipment • Short construction time. Village 1 cultural house - Tien • Closeto the reservoir’s access road, where • Construction of service road could affect • The impacts are spread over • Low Son commune cultural activities of Village 1, Tien Son cultural activities of Village 1 transportation route commune take place • Short-term impacts and non- continuous transportation • Dust, exhaust, vibration, and solid waste induced impacts are assessed as Low level 5. Dong Nhon Reservoir: No sensitive works 6. Ho Giang Reservoir: No sensitive works 7. Cao Ngan Reservoir: 01 sensitive works Cao Ngan village’s clean • On the right of main dam’s downstream. • Water supply for 260 households will be • Water supply system has not • Low water system • Supply water for 260 households of 02 temporary halted operated. villages: Cao Ngan and Cam Son. • Transportation activities can damage • The impacts is within • In parallel with the road to secondary dam equipment and pipeline of pumping construction site, and do not of the reservoir station affect water treatment system • High turbidity can affect water treatment • Short construction time • The water supply plant started its operation since 2016, it is however not effective. It is process, water quality and production Page | 138 Sensitive works Description Potential impacts Scope of impact Level now not in operation cost. 8. Ho Lau Reservoir: No sensitive works 9. Ho Trau Reservoir: No sensitive works 10. Hoc Ket Reservoir: There is 01 sensitive works Cremated area • Right next to reservoirs edge, • Spilled solid waste affects the • Occurs within construction • Low • 150m to main dam. It is the grave yard of environment of the area. sties local residents • Obstructing people's access to the • Short term impact, mainly in cemetery area. the 1st and 15th of lunar month • Affecting grave ‘cleaning’ activities. or in grave cleaning day of local people • Conflicts between local people and • Dust, exhaust, vibration, and workers. solid waste induced impacts are assessed as Low level. 11. Ho Chinh Reservoir: There are 02 sensitive works Cremated area • Next to construction and management road, • Spilled solid waste affects the • Occurs within construction • Low • About 250m from the main dam environment of the area. sties downstream, It is the grave yard of local • Obstructing people's access to the Short term impact, mainly in residents cemetery area. st the 1 and 15th of lunar month • Affecting grave ‘cleaning’ activities. or in grave cleaning day of local people. • Conflicts between local people and • Dust, exhaust, vibration, and workers. solid waste induced impacts are assessed as Low level. Page | 139 Sensitive works Description Potential impacts Scope of impact Level Aquaticultural production area • Located downstream of the main dam of Ho • Waste water, solid waste and hazardous • Waste water, solid waste are • Low Chinh Reservoir, about 150m from the main waste could kill the fish collected and their impacts dam. • Affects income of households having are only within construction • The project does not acquire land area of fish farm in the area area, which do not affect this works aquaculture production • Increase turbidity due to falling • Impact time is short, only • Mainly fish farming materials, affecting water intake for fish farming of households during construction time. 12. Huong Mao Reservoir: No sensitive works 13. Hoc Bau Reservoir: There are 02 sensitive works Aquatic production area • Located downstream of the main dam of • Waste water, solid waste and hazardous • Waste water, solid waste are • Low Hoc Bau Reservoir, about 100m from the waste could kill the fish collected and their impacts main dam. • Affects income of households having are only within construction • The project does not acquire land area of fish farm in the area area, which do not affect this works aquaculture production • Increase turbidity due to falling • Mainly fish farming. • Impact time is short, only materials, affecting water intake for fish farming of households during construction time. Road to My Son Sanctuary • The route of transporting construction • Vehicles, machines and construction • Occurs within construction • Medium materials is the one leading to My Son activities may cause traffic congestion sites. Access roads are quite Sanctuary. and traffic safety for tourists coming to large with good quality join the festival. • Short-term impacts and uncontinuous transportation. • Dust, exhaust, vibration, and solid waste induced impacts are assessed as Low level. 14. Thai Xuan Reservoir: No sensitive works Page | 140 In general, the impact of the subproject construction on sensitive works is assessed from Low to Medium due to: (i) Construction time at these locations is not long (about 1-2 months); (ii) The impacts are within construction site and can be reduced by distance. These impacts can be mitigated. 5.3.3.Impacts and risks in operation phase Upon completion of the subproject, the PMU will assign Hydraulics Works Management Companies in districts in subproject area to carry out the operation and maintenance. Hydraulics Works Management Companies in districts have responsibility for implementation of mitigation measures in this phase: Main activities during operation phase include: -Examining, regulating and operating gate valve of water intake culvert and irrigation canals; -Regularly carrying out works protection activities; -Repairing irrigation canals; -Operating subsidence monitoring and early warning system. When in operation, the subproject's work items do not affect sensitive structures, but in the operation phase, some of the following impacts should be considered. 1.Risks of drowning The reservoir can be a bathing place for the local people. Therefore, there is always a potential risk of drowning if there are no appropriate preventive measures. 2.Activities of reservoirs operators Daily activities of reservoir operators can generate a large amount of domestic waste including solid waste and wastewater. The number of staff operating the reservoir at each lake is only 1 to 2 persons, so the amount of waste generated is not large, about 0.5 kg / day and about 20 liters / day of wastewater. If this amount of waste is not well managed, it will have a direct impact on the reservoir area environment, such as reservoir water pollution which indirectly affects the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water and therefore affecting aquatic life in the reservoir area. However, this impact is assessed as Low level because of small amount of waste. 3.Hazardous waste from maintenance and operation of water intake culvert and dam subsidence monitoring system Hazardous waste generated from maintenance and operation activities is mainly at areas of water intake culvert and subsidence monitoring system. Hazardous wastes are mainly greasy rags. This maintenance activity usually takes place once a year and the amount of waste generated is estimated at 3-5kg / 1 maintenance / project. If it is not collected and treated, it will affect the landscape and pollute the surface and underground water in the project area. This impact is assessed at a small level due to the amount of waste generated locally, intermittently and can be mitigated through rising awareness of operators and maintenance staff. 4.Increase of crop season and cultivation area When the sub-project comes into operation, it is ensured that there is neither leakage nor seepage through the dam, and small amount of water loss. Therefore, the stable amount of crop water can increase irrigation area or irrigation time. However, the work items are repaired and upgraded to ensure reinforced and safety, so it does not change the original design scale, the irrigated area of the construction items remains the same. The irrigated areas at the end of the Page | 141 irrigation system will have sufficient amount of water to cultivate 02 crops / year, the time of irrigation is more active and longer than before the project. Therefore, the amount of fertilizers and pesticides in the cultivated areas could potentially increase the risk of air, soil and water pollution due to the excess of fertilizers and pesticides dispersed in air, infiltrated into soil, surface water and groundwater. This effect is difficult to predict because of the interaction of many other factors such as the use of organic farming methods, integrated pest management or increased irrigation water that can dilute the concentration of chemicals.... At present, the results of monitoring surface water, groundwater and soil in the project area when making ESIA report do not show the impact of fertilizers and pesticides on the quality of surface water, groundwater and soil at monitoring points. According to Quang Nam Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, the average amount of fertilizer used is 350kg of inorganic fertilizer, 3-4 tons of organic fertilizer; while an average of 1.5kg of pesticides and 0.6kg of herbicide are also applied at the moment. It is expected that about 20% of the area at the end of irrigation systems will be provided with stable water for agricultural cultivation with 2 crops / year (due to lack of production water, 20% of this area can only be cultivated for one crop season). Thus, the amount of fertilizer and plant protection chemicals increased after the completion of sub-project is forecasted as follows: Increased volume (ton) Increased irrigated Irrigated area (ha) Inorganic Organic area (ha) Pesticide fertilizer fertilizer 2,753 550.60 192.71 2,202.40 1.16 With the increase of fertilizer and pesticide as forecasted above, if there are no control and mitigation measures, it will greatly affect the environmental quality and health of people in the subproject area. However, the improved irrigation system and the application of IPM program activities will have a combined effect to minimize the risk of pesticides in the subproject area Besides, if the packaging of fertilizers and pesticide is not collected and gathered in the right place to transport to treatment places, excess amount of chemicals will infiltrate into the soil and water bodies together with the storm water to deteriorate soil and water quality, indirectly affecting crops and food chains in ecosystems. This affects human health and plant and animal species living near the project area. However, this impact is assessed as Small and can be mitigated because: (i) the impacts occur only within the subproject areas, and intermittently; (ii) Propagating and raising people's awareness in environmental protection; and (iii) in the future, environmentally friendly fertilizer and pesticide products will be widely used. 5.Emergency flood discharge and dam failure incident Since the objective of the subproject to improve dam safety, the possibility of a dam failure is very low. Emergency flood discharge may affect downstream communities without prior notice, causing a direct impact of downstream flooding, property, crop and life losses and leading to indirect impacts such as environmental pollution and disease outbreaks and loss of income. 5.4. Analysis of impact type 5.4.1.Accumulated impact The subproject consists of many dams, however, the dams are scattered and independent in the province. Moreover, the size and nature of the subproject activities are small and simple, so that the implementation of the subproject activities is not likely to cause cumulative effects. Page | 142 According to the surveys and communication with the provincial concerned agencies, at present, in the construction area of the WB8 Subproject in Quang Nam Province, there are no other major projects being implemented on the same spatial scale and at the same time, so the cumulative effects created along with other projects are anticipated to be nil 5.4.2.Direct impacts The subproject implementation will have direct impacts on the environmental and social conditions in the subproject area. Subproject activities will result in temporary or permanent land loss. Construction activities will have direct impacts on the quality of the surrounding environment such as the air, the soil and the water due to the generation of waste like emissions and wastewater and the removal of vegetation cover. 5.4.3.Indirect impacts In addition to the direct impacts from the construction of work items on the natural and social environment in the subproject areas, indirect impacts from project implementation also affect the environmental conditions and living conditions of people in the area. Indirect impacts include: -The temporary or permanent loss of land of 104 affected households will lead to direct impacts on the livelihoods of affected people. Lost or reduced cultivated land will reduce income of people. In the long run, affected peoples who cannot recover their livelihoods before the project will affect the daily activities of the household and may pose a risk of social conflicts. -The process of clearing vegetation in the construction phase will directly affect the surface vegetation cover and soil quality. However, this will indirectly affect the water quality in the surrounding area due to soil erosion. -Loss of vegetation will also directly affect plant and animal species in the subproject area in terms of habitat or food supply loss, which indirectly increase risk of landslides, erosion and flooding. 5.4.4.Short-term impacts In general, most impacts associated with construction activities within the subproject area such as noise, vibration, dust and emissions, and the generation of solid waste and wastewater are short. They will no longer exist when construction activities are completed. 5.4.5.Long-term impacts The permanent loss of productive land will be a lasting impact on the affected people as some households are considered as losing production material and leading to a change in their occupation. Also, environmental incidents such as oil or hazardous chemicals spills will create long-term effects on the environment and human health as these chemicals have a long half-life, thus can go into the soil, the water and the food chains. In addition, the risks of occupational accidents will be considered as long-term effects when workers' health is diminished or permanently lost. Page | 143 CHAPTER 6. ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS Aiming at improving investment efficiency, ensuring safety and minimizing environmental and social impacts on the downstream areas of the reservoirs, we propose the scenarios to select a design alternative which is suitable for the objectives and the actual socio-economic, natural conditions in the areas of 14 reservoirs. The main construction activities are the solidification and the repair of the existing works. Because the design options, selection of technical solutions, technology in the construction of construction items of the Sub-project are not different, therefore the focus of the alternative analysis makes differences in the environmental and social impacts in the implemented and un-implemented scenarios of the subproject and the optimal construction solution option will be selected. 6.1. Without subproject The works were built for long time and have been seriously degraded: the dam elevation is not efficient against floods, the dam quality is not good, and the coefficient of permeability is high. The upstream slope has not been reinforced or has been reinforced but the structure was damaged and landslide and did not ensure the dam safety. The downstream slope is convex, landslide and fills with trees, which makes favorable conditions for termite and affects seriously the quality of the dam body. Spillway is degraded. The stone building is decayed. The spill width does not meet the drainage requirement that increases the reservoir water level. The water-intake culverts have been seriously damaged at inlets and outlets, which cannot use for the water supply as required. Draining culverts: valves are damaged, water overflows through culverts to dam foot causing reservoir dehydration and affecting the dam safety due to soaking water, erosion in dam foot. There is no monitoring system, which is not effective in warning of natural disasters. Roads for management and operation and rescue are rural roads, which are difficult to drive and only rudimentary vehicles can circulate. There is no operation and management bridge, causing difficulties in reservoir operation and management. The current status of the reservoirs is the constraint to the agricultural development, productivity and economic efficiency as the irrigation water is not proactive. This affects the selection and rotation of plants and animals and is unable to exploit economic values of land resources. The roads for operation and management are not fully reinforced, which is difficult to drive, operate, manage and respond to natural disasters in reservoirs and residential areas. When the subproject is not deployed, the ecosystem of the area around the reservoirs will remain stable. However, due to the current status of the degraded reservoirs, the potential for damming will cause catastrophe, facilities and disruption of indigenous ecosystems in areas, particularly downstream reservoirs. In recent years due to abnormal weather changes, floods appear a lot with intense intensity, in addition to small size reservoirs, the risk of high unsafety increases. Therefore, synchronous construction solution like investment in construction, repair and upgrading of reservoirs is extremely urgent, ensuring the safety of life and property of the households in downstream areas and serving the local people’s demand for economic development. Page | 144 6.2. With subproject 14 reservoirs in the subproject are important irrigation works for flood prevention for irrigation and direct water supply to 15 communes in the subproject area and neighboring communes of 7 districts Nui Thanh, Phu Ninh, Tien Phuoc, Que Son, Thang Binh, Dai Loc and Duy Xuyen of Quang Nam province. This is a significant contribution to the improvement of the lives of local people, creating a solid foundation for the irrigation of mountainous communes. The completion of the Subproject will bring benefits to communities and local authorities. Repairing, reinforcing dam slopes, dam bodies will save the downstream during flood seasons, limit leakage water, ensure irrigation water for agricultural production according to the local government's regulation of production, increase agricultural productivity and yields, and develop aquaculture by increasing the irrigated areas. The completion of the works will ensure stable water supply for more than 2753 ha of rice areas and vegetables throughout the year in 15 downstream communes. People can be active in the planning of cultivation and change of plant and animal breeds, which help increase economic efficiency on the local agricultural land. The Subproject will provide water for aquaculture and recover adverse impacts on the environment and the landscapes of the reservoirs and the downstream areas. Once the reservoirs are repaired, the volume of nearly 30 million m3 of water will create favorable conditions for aquaculture with large values. It will stabilize the water surface for aquaculture, non-agricultural production and business, increase income and living standard. It will create more jobs, income, and improve living conditions for people, especially for unskilled labor, seasonal labor. The rehabilitation and upgrade of reservoir will cause potential negative environmental and social impacts as analyzed above, however short construction time and scale of activities not large and deployed in a narrow space, these negative impacts are assessed as not big, temporary, local and potentially mitigate-able. Comparing environmental, economic and social efficiency after the subproject is completed and potential adverse environmental and social impacts, the subproject implementation is acceptable. The completion and operation of the reservoirs will have positive impact on the change of some meteorological elements in the areas. The stabilization of water surface will improve the microclimate of each reservoir area. The moisture change is related to the dry, continental nature of the climate during dry seasons. During the operation phase, the Subproject will increase the stability of water resources, ensure the safety of the works and the downstream of the dams. The 14 reservoirs being exploited have some leaked spillways and sluice gates, and without concrete face and management roads. As proposed by the design consultant, to save the dam bodies and sluice gates, the reinforcement, replacement and concretion should be done to ensure water storage capacity, to avoid water loss and to be more convenient in the process of regulating the production water, operation of reservoirs. It also ensures development conditions for vegetation communities, landscapes around reservoirs and local transport, opening opportunities for visitors. After completion of construction works in 14 reservoirs, the stable water flow and irrigation will develop flora and fauna ecosystems in reservoir areas, coastal areas and downstream areas. The ecosystem will be continuously, positively affected, diversifying, enriching fauna and flora ecosystem in the subproject areas The completion of the works of the Sub-project will stabilize the water table in 11 reservoirs. The water level of the reservoirs will be higher than the water level in the downstream areas, thereby after the reservoirs operate, the downstream underground water level maintains year round to be able to meet the demand for water for daily life and cultivation of local people Page | 145 The completion of the works of the Sub-project will stabilize the water table in the 14 reservoirs. The water level of the reservoirs will be higher than the water level in the downstream areas, thereby after the reservoirs is operated, the downstream underground water level will be maintained year round to be able to meet the demand for water for daily life and cultivation of local people. During the implementation, the Subproject will affect the ecosystems around the reservoirs, however, the impacts are small and can recover in a short time. Impacts and mitigation measures are analyzed and detailed in the next section in the report. ➢ Selection of construction solutions In addition to the socio-economic and environmental benefits provided for the comparison in the case of non-implementation and implementation of the subproject, the construction option for the items requested in the bidding documents should be selected to minimize impacts on the natural and social environment during implementation as follows: -Soil excavation and transportation: Using a combination of 1.25m3 excavator, trucks 5-7 tons to transport soil to dump sites at the prescribed locations will reduce noise, dust and traffic accidents and damages to local roads. -The dam filling complies with the regulations in TCVN8297: 2009: "Irrigation Works – Soil Dams - Technical requirements in compaction method". The main construction method is using 1.25m3 excavators, trucks of 5T to buy and transport filling material from mines to the construction sites of 15km; using 110cv bulldozers to level the soil layers; using compactors to compact soil; in tight locations where compactors cannot reach, tampers are instead; within 1 meter of a soil filling work, rich soil or clay without gravel or other impurities is compacted by tampers or by hand to minimize noise and dust generation. -Concrete work: Mix concrete by 250 liter mixer, pouring concrete manually. -Upstream dam sloping paving: cast-in-place concrete slabs are used to limit vehicle traffic and traffic safety issues in transportation. -Downstream sobbing: Grass to be planted to protect slopes is harvested in the vicinity of the works. Grass with solid roots must be chosen, which can live strongly and suffer drought and have low body. Grass is hedged to the planting sites and is firmly attached to the slopes. The position and size of each grass plot must comply with the provisions in the design documents, will help to restore the indigenous ecosystem, protect the surface of the dam against erosion when it rains when the construction phase has just completed. -Paving construction: Mainly use manual method to limit the impact of machinery to the surrounding environment and to be suitable with the local construction conditions. -Formwork: Formwork installation is manual. Most steel formworks can be used for convenient installation and dismantling to ensure labor safety and saving construction cost. -Reinforcement work: Reinforcement steel is assembled and processed mainly in warehouses in the construction sites and transported to the site for installation. At the site, small parts are mainly processed by steel and auxiliary works in order to save time, cost and minimize impact on the surrounding environment due to the construction conditions in the area. The dam site is not wide. -Other tasks: Mainly are manual to reduce the impact of mobilizing vehicle and machinery to the site and suitable for each construction item in the condition of each area of the reservoirs. Page | 146 CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) 7.1. Objectives -Ensure the compliance with the World Bank’s policyrequirements as well as Vietnam’s legal system, standards and guidelines applied at the provincial and national levels. -Ensure that sufficient resources are allocated based on the subproject budget to carry out the activities related to the ESMP. -Ensure that the environmental and social risks of the Subproject are adequately predicted and managed. -Ensure specific and feasible response plan with incidents and accidents in the subproject's environmental impact assessment. -Create an effective feedback mechanism for further improving environmental protection results. -The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) outlines mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures that will be implemented during the development and operation of the Subproject to avoid or control adverse impacts on the environment, society and outlines the actions required to implement mitigation measures. The ESMP creates a useful link between adverse impact and mitigation measures and ensures that such measures are implemented. -The ESMP imposes responsibilities for the implementation, monitoring, time and cost for the proposed mitigation measures. The summary of the Subproject’s environmental and social management plans is presented in the following sections. 7.2. Mitigation measures 7.2.1.Mitigation measures during project preparation phase The main issue in this period is the compensation, assistance and resettlement for affected people whose land, houses, income and assets are affected. The compensation for site clearance will follow the updated resettlement plan of the subproject. The estimated cost of for implementing the Resettlement Action Plan for the Subproject works is VND 3,206,270,160, which includes the cost of compensation/assistance for land, works, assets affected by the subproject, income restoration program, transitional support, monitoring and evaluation, management and contingency costs. Implementation of compensation and assistance for affected household -The Subproject Owner contracts and coordinates with the District Centers for Land-fund Development, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, the District People's Committees, the Divisions of Natural Resources and Environment, the Commune People's Committee, the concerned organizations, households and individuals whose land and assets attached to land are located in the acquired area to inform and guide the accuracy, public measurement, determination of ownership, asset declaration so that the compensation, support and resettlement plans are approved properly. -Disseminate information on the compensation, support and resettlement plan of the subproject. -Disseminate information on the proper implementation of the State's legal obligations and interests. -Publicize detailed compensation prices of each type of damage to affected households. Page | 147 -Payment of compensation to the right subjects and on schedule. -Coordinate with local authorities if any disputes occur to ensure the smooth site clearance. The cost of compensation, support and other management costs for affected land/property (land, houses, structures and trees) for the Subproject are shown in the table below (For more details, please refer to the RAP report. Table 45: Estimated cost of compensation and support of the subproject Cost No. Items VNĐ USD 1 Compensation for land 821,885,000 35,969 2 Compensation for architectural property 39,689,000 1,737 3 Compensation, support for trees and crops 591,269,500 25,876 4 Compensation for graves 20,000,000 875 5 Support amounts 560,487,000 24,529 6 Bonus progress 312,000,000 13,654 7 Total works 2,345,330,500 102,640 8 Management cost = 2% * (7) 46,906,610 2,053 9 Provision for costs (10% of (7 + 8)) 234,533,050 10,264 10 Other costs 579,500,000 25,361 Income restoration program (temporarily calculated) 379,500,000 16,608 Cost of replacement cost survey (temporarily 200,000,000 8,753 calculated) 11 Total 3,206,270,160 140,318 Source: RAP of the subproject, 2018 Mitigation measures for unexploded ordnances, management of geological exploration bores The subproject will hiring a company that has suitable functions and capabilities such as the Center for Landmine and UXO Exploitation under Military Region V to clear mines and explosives before the construction of all sites of the project components; ensuring safe distance and warnings for people during the implementation in accordance with QCVN 01: 2012/BQP - National technical regulations on clearance of explosive ordnance and QCVN 02: 2008/BCT- National technical standards on safety in transportation, preservation, use and destruction of industrial explosive materials. After drilling for geological exploration, the design surveyors will fill drilled holes and repair the ground in the areas to prevent pollutants intrusion through drilled holes which may affect the underground water quality. 7.2.2.Mitigation measures during construction phase 7.2.2.1. Mitigation measures for construction related impacts Mitigation measures are developed based on the World Bank Group's environmental, health and safety guidelines and national regulations and standards to minimize construction impacts, in general, which are presented in the ECOP. The ECOP describe the specific requirements implemented by the contractors and supervised by the Construction Supervision Consultant throughout construction period. ECOP is to address the following issues: Page | 148 -Dust and exhaust emissions; -Vibration and noise; -Waste management; -Management of hazardous materials and chemicals; -Management of worker camps; -Biological impacts ; -Soil erosion; -Sedimentation and drainage; -Stockpiles and borrow pits management; -Traffic safety management; -Interruption to the existing service infrastructures ; -Chance finds; -Management of labor influx; -Occupational health and safety; -Community health and safety; -Communication with the local community. Page | 149 Table 46: Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) to mitigate impacts during construction phase Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g 1) Dust and -The Contractor is responsible for compliance with relevant Vietnamese legislation -TCVN 6438-2005: Road Contractor PPMU, exhaust with respect to ambient air quality. vehicles. Maximum CSC emissions -The Contractor shall ensure that the generation of dust is minimized and is not allowable emission. perceived as a nuisance by local residents and shall implement a dust control plan -No.35/2005/QDBGTVT to maintain a safe working environment and minimize disturbances for on quality control, surrounding residential areas/dwellings technical safety and -The contractor is responsible for implementing dust mitigation measures (e.g. using environmental protection; water trucks to irrigate roads, covering material trucks ...). -QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT: National technical -Material loads shall be suitably covered and secured during transportation to prevent regulation on ambient air the scattering of soil, sand, materials, or dust quality -Excavated soil and material stockpiles must be protected against the effects of wind; -WBG EHS Guidelines and the location of material stockpiles must be checked for prevailing wind directions and locations of sensitive sources. -Face mask should be used when there is high concentration of dust. -All vehicles shall comply with Vietnamese regulations controlling allowable emission limits of exhaust gases. -Vehicles in Vietnam shall undergo a regular emissions check and get certified named: “Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; -There shall strictly be no burning of solid wastes or construction materials (e.g. wood, rubber, oil-based rag, emptied cement bags, paper, plastic, bitumen, etc.) on site. 2) Impact by -The contractor is responsible for compliance with the relevant Vietnamese legislation -QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT: Contractor PPMU, noise and with respect to noise and vibration. -National Technical CSC vibration Regulation on noise -All vehicles need to have “Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, -QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT: technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. -Technical regulation on Page | 150 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; preventing noise exceeding limits from machines without vibration frequent maintenance -WBG EHS Guidelines -Other measures to reduce noise to acceptable levels shall be implemented, including: +Selecting equipment with lower sound power levels +Installing silencers for fans +Installing suitable mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor components +Installing acoustic enclosures for equipment casing radiating noise +Installing acoustic barriers without gaps and with a continuous minimum surface density of 10 kg/m2 in order to minimize the transmission of sound through the barrier. +Barriers should be located as close to the source or to the receptor location to be effective +Installing vibration isolation for mechanical equipment +Limiting the hours of operation for specific pieces of equipment or operations, especially mobile sources operating through community areas +Re-locating noise sources to less sensitive areas to take advantage of distance and shielding +Siting permanent facilities away from community areas if possible +Taking advantage of the natural topography as a noise buffer during facility design +Reducing project traffic routing through community areas wherever possible +Developing a mechanism to record and respond to complaints 3) Waste I. General Wastes -QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT: Contractor PPMU, management -National Technical CSC (a) Waste water Regulation on domestic -The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with the relevant Vietnamese wastewater; regulations on wastewater discharges into surroundings. -QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT: Page | 151 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g -Consider hiring local workers to reduce wastewater generation on site -National Technical -Septic systems shall be provided for treatment and disposal of domestic sanitary Regulation on Industrial sewage in areas with no sewerage collection networks. Septic systems should only wastewater be used for treatment of sanitary sewage. When septic systems are the selected -Decree No. form of wastewater disposal and treatment, they should be -38/2015/NĐ-CP dated • Properly designed and installed in accordance with local regulations and 24/04/2015 on waste and guidance to prevent any hazard to public health or contamination of land, surface scrap management or groundwater. -Circular No. • Well maintained to allow effective operation. -36/2015/TT-BTNMT • Installed in areas with sufficient soil percolation for the design wastewater -on management of loading rate. hazardous wastes -Decision No. • Installed in areas of stable soils that are nearly level, well drained, and permeable, -59/2007/NĐ-CP on with enough separation between the drain field and the groundwater table or other -solid waste management receiving waters. -WBG EHS Guidelines -Wastewater from washing vehicles and construction equipment shall be collected into a settling pond before discharged into local drainage system. -At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall be safely disposed of or effectively sealed off. (b) Storm water -Storm water should be separated from process and sanitary wastewater streams in order to reduce the volume of wastewater to be treated prior to discharge -Surface runoff from process areas or potential sources of contamination should be prevented. -storage areas should be segregated from potentially less contaminated runoff -Runoff from areas without potential sources of contamination should be minimized (e.g. by minimizing the area of impermeable surfaces) and the peak discharge rate should be reduced (e.g. by using vegetated swales and retention ponds); -Where storm water treatment is deemed necessary to protect the quality of receiving Page | 152 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g water bodies, priority should be given to managing and treating the first flush of storm water runoff where the majority of potential contaminants tend to be present; -When water quality criteria allow, storm water should be managed as a resource, either for groundwater recharge or for meeting water needs at the facility -Oil water separators and grease traps should be installed and maintained as appropriate at refueling facilities, workshops, parking areas, fuel storage and containment areas -Sludge from storm water catchments or collection and treatment systems may contain elevated levels of pollutants and should be disposed in compliance with local regulatory requirements, in the absence of which disposal has to be consistent with protection of public health and safety, and conservation and long term sustainability of water and land resources. (c) Solid waste -Before construction, a solid waste control procedure (storage, provision of bins, site clean-up schedule, bin clean-out schedule, etc.) shall be prepared by Contractors and it must be carefully followed during construction activities. -Before construction, all necessary waste disposal permits or licenses shall be obtained. -Measures shall be taken to reduce the potential for litter and negligent behavior with regard to the disposal of all refuse. At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide litter bins, containers and refuse collection facilities -Solid waste shall be temporarily stored on site in a designated area approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and relevant local authorities prior to collection and disposal through a licensed waste collector -Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof -No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur Page | 153 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g -Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material, etc. shall be collected and separated on- site from other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill, or for sale -If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses. II. Hazardous waste (a) ) Storage of hazardous wastes Hazardous waste should be stored so as to prevent or control accidental releases to air, soil, and water resources in area location where: - Waste is stored in a manner that prevents the commingling or contact between incompatible wastes, and allows for inspection between containers to monitor leaks or spills. Examples include sufficient space between incompatibles or physical separation such as walls or containment curbs. - Store in closed containers away from direct sunlight, wind and rain. - Storage should be on an impermeable surface that readily able to be cleaned, and that is appropriately packed to contain any spills or leaks. The storage area should be covered to prevent rainwater from accumulating in the packing area. - Secondary containment systems should be constructed with materials appropriate for the wastes being contained and adequate to prevent loss to the environment. - Secondary containment is included wherever liquid wastes are stored in volumes greater than 220 liters. The available volume of secondary containment should be at least 110 percent of the largest storage container, or 25 percent of the total storage capacity (whichever is greater), in that specific location. -Provide adequate ventilation where volatile wastes are stored. (b) Hazardous waste transportation Page | 154 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g -On-site and Off-site transportation of waste should be conducted so as to prevent or minimize spills, releases, and exposures to employees and the public. -All waste containers designated for off-site shipment should be secured and labeled with the contents and associated hazards, be properly loaded on the transport vehicles before leaving the site, and be accompanied by a shipping paper (i.e., manifest) that describes the load and its associated hazards, consistent with the guidance. (c) Disposal of hazardous wastes -Chemical wastes of any kind shall be disposed of at an approved appropriate landfill site and in accordance with local legislative requirements. The Contractor shall obtain needed disposal certificates -The removal of hazardous wastes shall be performed and disposed of by specially trained and certified workers -Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold to an approved used oil recycling company -Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in holding tanks and removed from site by a specialized oil recycling company for disposal at an approved hazardous waste site -Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier’s production plant. 4) Soil erosion -Limitation of construction activities on rainy days WBG EHS Guidelines Contractor PPMU, -Using geotextile to temporarily cover erosion-prone soil CSC -Covering a layer of soil over the soil surface to help soil absorb water gradually -Building walls around the erosion area to block the flow of water -Stabilizing surface erosion by cultivation or concreting 5) Water -The Contractors should follow the detailed design of the wastewater system in the -TCVN 4447:1987: Contractor PPMU, Construction regulations Page | 155 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g drainage and construction plan to prevent water spills or erosion of hillsides and areas which and acceptance CSC deposition are not protected from floods, resulting wastewater pollution to local water -Circular 04/2017/TT-BXD, management sources. on occupational safety -Ensuring that the sewage system is not filled with mud and other obstructions. management in the execution of construction -Maintenance of the current status of the areas that are not under construction. works. -Carrying out reasonable earthwork, excavation and filling, complying with -QCVN 08-MT: construction standards, including such measures as installation of wastewater 2015/BTNMT - national system, planting trees. technical regulation on -To avoid sediment-laded runoff that could adversely impact watercourses, install surface water quality sediment control structures where needed to slow or redirect runoff and trap -WBG EHS Guidelines sediment until vegetation is established. Sediment control structures could include windrows of logging slash, rock berms, sediment catchment basins, straw bales, storm drain inlet protection systems, or brush fences. -Site de-watering and water diversions: In the case that construction activities require that work be carried out within the watercourse (e.g. culvert or bridge crossing construction, retaining wall construction, erosion protection works), the work area must be dewatered to provide for construction in dry conditions. The sediment laden water pumped from the work area must be discharged to an appropriate sediment control measure for treatment before re-release to the stream. -Stream diversions or construction of cofferdams would require site-specific mitigation measures in the ESMP. 6) Management -The use of hazardous materials and chemicals within the subproject must adhere -Decree No.38/2015/ND-CP Contractor PPMU, of hazardous strictly to the manufacturer's instructions. on waste and waste CSC materials and -Using types of chemicals on the list of authorized agencies management chemicals -Persons exposed to hazardous materials and chemicals should receive intensive -Decision No. 23/2006/QĐ- training in the risk prevention measures due to exposure to hazardous materials BTNMT on the list of and chemicals. hazardous wastes -Persons who are frequently exposed to hazardous materials and chemicals should be -Circular No.36/2015/TT- BTNMT on management Page | 156 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g periodically checked health (no less than 6 months) and appropriate rest periods of hazardous waste; are recommended. -Circular 10/2020/TT- Hazardous materials transportation BNNPTNT dated September, 09, 2020 by -Use of dedicated fittings, pipes, and hoses specific to materials in tanks (e.g., all acids minister of agriculture and use one type of connection, all caustics use another), and maintaining procedures rural development on list to prevent addition of hazardous materials to incorrect tanks of permissible and banned -Use of transfer equipment that is compatible and suitable for the characteristics of the plant protection materials transferred and designed to ensure safe transfer substances in Vietnam and -Regular inspection, maintenance and repair of fittings, pipes and hoses HS codes thereof; -Provision of secondary containment, drip trays or other overflow and drip -Circular No. 21/2015/TT- containment measures, for hazardous materials containers at connection points or BNNPTNT on other possible overflow points. management of plant protection drugs Overload control -WBG EHS Guidelines -Prepare written procedures for transfer operations that includes a checklist of measures to follow during filling operations and the use of filling operators trained in these procedures -Installation of gauges on tanks to measure volume inside -Use of dripless hose connections for vehicle tank and fixed connections with storage tanks -Provision of automatic fill shutoff valves on storage tanks to prevent overload. -Use of a catch basin around the fill pipe to collect spills -Use of piping connections with automatic overfill protection (float valve) -Pumping less volume than available capacity into the tank or vessel by ordering less material than its available capacity -Provision of overload or over pressure vents that allow controlled release to a capture point. Response to and prevention of fire and explosion Page | 157 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g -Storage of incompatible materials (acids, bases, flammables, oxidizers, reactive chemicals) in separate areas, and with containment facilities separating material storage areas -Provision of material-specific storage for extremely hazardous or reactive materials -Use of flame arresting devices on vents from flammable storage containers -Provision of grounding and lightning protection for tank farms, transfer stations, and other equipment that handles flammable materials -Selection of materials of construction compatible with products stored for all parts of storage and delivery systems, and avoiding reuse of tanks for different products without checking material compatibility -Storage of hazardous materials in an area of the facility separated from the main production works. Where proximity is unavoidable, physical separation should be provided using structures designed to prevent fire, explosion, spill, and other emergency situations from affecting facility operations. -Storage should be on an impermeable surface that readily able to be cleaned, and that is appropriately packed to contain any spills or leaks. The storage area should be covered to prevent rainwater from accumulating in the packing area -Prohibition of all sources of ignition from areas near flammable storage tanks. Secondary Containment (Liquids) -Transfer of hazardous materials from vehicle tanks to storage in areas with surfaces sufficiently impervious to avoid loss to the environment and sloped to a collection or a containment structure not connected to municipal wastewater/storm water collection system -Where it is not practical to provide permanent, dedicated containment structures for transfer operations, one or more alternative forms of spill containment should be provided, such as portable drain covers (which can be deployed for the duration of the operations), automatic shut-off valves on storm water basins, or shut off valves in drainage or sewer facilities, combined with oil-water separators. Page | 158 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g -Storage of drummed hazardous materials with a total volume equal or greater than 1,000 liters in areas with impervious surfaces that are sloped or beamed to contain a minimum of 25 percent of the total storage volume. -Provision of secondary containment for components (tanks, pipes) of the hazardous material storage system, to the extent feasible -Conducting periodic (e.g. daily or weekly) reconciliation of tank contents, and inspection of visible portions of tanks and piping for leaks. -Use of double-walled, composite, or specially coated storage and piping systems particularly in the use of underground storage tanks (USTs) and underground piping. If double walled systems are used, they should provide a means of detecting leaks between the two walls. Training - Employees should be provided training on Hazmat management. The training program should include: -A list of employees to be trained -Specific training objectives -Mechanisms to achieve the objectives (i.e., hands-on workshops, videos, etc.) -The means to determine whether the training program is effective -Training procedures for new hires and refresher courses for existing employees. Community Involvement and Awareness -Availability of general information to the potentially affected community on the nature and extent of project operations, and the prevention and control measures in place to ensure no effects to human health -The potential for off-site effects to human health or the environment following an accident at planned or existing hazardous installations -Specific and timely information on appropriate behavior and safety measures to be adopted in the event of an accident including practice drills in locations with higher risks -Access to information necessary to understand the nature of the possible effect of an Page | 159 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g accident and an opportunity to contribute effectively, as appropriate, to decisions concerning hazardous installations and the development of community emergency preparedness plans -DONRE and DOH shall be promptly informed of any accidental spill or incident -Prepare and initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions. 7) Biological -The Contractor shall prepare a Clearance, Replantation and Restoration Management -Law on Biodiversity Contractor PPMU, impacts Plan for prior approval by the Construction Engineer, following relevant No.20/2008/QH12 CSC regulations. The Clearance Plan shall be approved by Construction Supervision -Decree no 65/2010/NĐ-CP Consultant and followed strictly by contractor. Areas to be cleared should be Guiding the minimized as much as possible. implementation of law on -Site clearance in a forested area is subject to permission from Department of biodiversity Agriculture and Rural Development -The Contractor shall remove topsoil from all areas where topsoil will be impacted on by rehabilitation activities, including temporary activities such as storage and stockpiling, etc.; the stripped topsoil shall be stockpiled in areas agreed with the Construction Supervision Consultant for later use in re- vegetation and shall be adequately protected. -The application of chemicals for vegetation clearing is not permitted. -Prohibit cutting of any tree unless explicitly authorized in the vegetation clearing plant. -When needed, erect temporary protective fencing to efficiently protect the preserved trees before commencement of any works within the site. -No area of potential importance as an ecological resource should be disturbed unless there is prior authorization from CSC, who should consult with PPMU, IEMC and the relevant local authorities. This could include areas of breeding or feeding of birds or animals, fish spawning areas, or any area that is protected as a green Page | 160 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g space. -The Contractor shall ensure that no hunting, trapping shooting, poisoning of fauna takes place. - 8) Traffic -Contractor shall strictly comply with Law on Roadway Traffic -Law on Transportation Contractor PPMU, management No.23/2008/QH12; CSC -Adoption of best transport safety practices across all aspects of subproject operations -Decree No.46/2016/ND-CP with the goal of preventing traffic accidents and minimizing injuries suffered by on subproject personnel and the public. Measures should include: -administrative sanctions •Emphasizing safety aspects among drivers against traffic safety •Improving driving skills and requiring licensing of drivers violations; -Law on Construction •Adopting limits for trip duration and arranging driver rosters to avoid No.50/2014/QH13; overtiredness -Circular 04/2017/TT-BXD, •Avoiding dangerous routes and times of day to reduce the risk of accidents on occupational safety •Use of speed control devices (governors) on trucks, and remote monitoring of management in the driver actions. execution of construction works. -Regular maintenance of vehicles and use of manufacturer approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature -WBG EHS Guidelines failure -Minimizing pedestrian interaction with construction vehicles -Collaboration with local communities and responsible authorities to improve signage, visibility and overall safety of roads, particularly along stretches located near schools or other locations where children may be present. Collaborating with local communities on education about traffic and pedestrian safety (e.g. school education campaigns) -Coordination with emergency responders to ensure that appropriate first aid is provided in the event of accidents -Using locally sourced materials, whenever possible, to minimize transport distances. Locating associated facilities such as worker camps close to subproject sites and Page | 161 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g arranging worker bus transport to minimizing external traffic -Employing safe traffic control measures, including road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions -Reducing interaction between pedestrians and construction vehicles. - 9) Interruption -Planned and unplanned interruptions to water, gas, power, internet services: the -Decree No.167/2013/ND- Contractor PPMU, to the existing Contractor must undertake prior consultation and contingency planning with local CP on sanctioning s CSC service authorities about the consequences of a particular service failure or disconnection. administrative violations infrastructures -Coordinate with relevant utility providers to establish appropriate construction in the field of security, schedules. socialorder and safety. -Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as planned disruptions (at least 5 days in advance). -The contractor should ensure alternative water supply to the affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day. - Any damages to existing utility systems of cable shall be reported to authorities and repaired as soon as possible - 10) Management -The Contractor and worker camps will be constructed on the land temporarily -Labor Law 10/2012/QH13 Contractor PPMU, of workers’ acquired by the subproject. -WBG EHS Guidelines s CSC camps -The camps will be constructed far enough from the places to be used for stockpile of construction materials, fuel storage, garbage storage, wastewater drainage canal, sensitive sites such as school, hospital, church, pagoda, temple, and other dangerous areas such as landslide, land subsidence, and erosion. -The camps must be ensured with good environmental conditions such as ventilation, full sunlight, clean water, garbage collection, hygienic toilets, mosquito net, fire extinguishers, First-aid Kits, and other health protection measures to all workers. - 11) Managing -Employment of local workers for simple jobs and limitation of worker increase in the -Decree No.167/2013/ND- Contractor PPMU, social issues subproject area. CP, s CSC related to labor -Explanation to the workers about the local customs to avoid conflicts with local -stipulating administrative sanctions in the field of Page | 162 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g influx people. security, social order and -The Subproject Owners and the Contractors should cooperate with local agencies to safety; prevention of prevent social problems. social evils -Strengthening campaigns to eliminate social problems. -WBG EHS Guidelines -Communicating with local organizations to ensure effective management and GRM so that affected local people can rely on. -Temporary workers living in camps and rental housing must register their temporary residency with local authority. -Employees are strictly forbidden to: +Use alcoholic beverages during construction +Controversy, fighting +Gambling, social evils such as drug use, prostitution +Littering waste - 12) Possibility of If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, -Amended and Contractor PPMU, artifact including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the supplemented Law on s CSC discovery Contractor shall: Cultural Heritage No.28/2001/QH10; +Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find; -Amended and +Delineate the discovered site or area; supplemented Law on Cultural Heritage +Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of No.32/2009/QH12; removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged -Supplemented and until the responsible local authorities or the Department of Culture and amended Decree Information takes over; No.98/2010/ND-CP +Notify the Construction Supervision Consultant who in turn will notify responsible local or national authorities in charge of the Cultural Property of Page | 163 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g Viet Nam (within 24 hours or less); +Relevant local or national authorities would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values; +Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage; +If the cultural sites and/or relics are of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals and required by the cultural relics authority, the subproject owner will need to make necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site; +Decisions concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant authorities; and +Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities concerning safeguard of the heritage. - 13) Occupational Over-exertion -Circular 22/2016/TT-BXD Contractor PPMU, health and -Training of workers in lifting and materials handling techniques in construction and on rescinding whole or s CSC safety parts of legal documents decommissioning, including the placement of weight limits above which on conditions for business mechanical assists or two-person lifts are necessary investment issued by -Planning work site layout to minimize the need for manual transfer of heavy loads Ministry of Construction -Selecting tools and designing work stations that reduce force requirements and or by joint-ministries holding times, and which promote improved postures, including, where -Circular 04/2017/TT-BXD, Page | 164 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g applicable, user adjustable work stations on occupational safety -Implementing administrative controls into work processes, such as job rotations and management in the rest or stretch breaks. execution of construction works Slips and Falls -QCVN 18: 2014/BXD: -Implementing good house-keeping practices, such as the sorting and placing loose National technical construction materials or demolition debris in established areas away from foot regulation on safety in paths construction -Cleaning up excessive waste debris and liquid spills regularly -WBG EHS Guidelines -Locating electrical cords and ropes in common areas and marked corridors -Use of slip retardant footwear. Work at height -Training and use of temporary fall prevention devices, such as rails or other barriers able to support a weight of 200 pounds, when working at heights equal or greater than two meters or at any height if the risk includes falling into operating machinery, into water or other liquid, into hazardous substances, or through an opening in a work surface. -Training and use of personal fall arrest systems, such as full body harnesses and energy absorbing lanyards able to support 2,268 kg (also described in this section in Working at Heights above), as well as fall rescue procedures to deal with workers whose fall has been successfully arrested. The tie in point of the fall arresting system should also be able to support 2,268 kg -Use of control zones and safety monitoring systems to warn workers of their proximity to fall hazard zones, as well as securing, marking, and labeling covers for openings in floors, roofs, or walking surfaces. Struck By Objects -Using a designated and restricted waste drop or discharge zones, and/or a chute for safe movement of wastes from upper to lower levels -Conducting sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, chipping or chiseling with proper Page | 165 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g guards and anchoring as applicable -Maintaining clear traffic ways to avoid driving of heavy equipment over loose scrap -Use of temporary fall protection measures in scaffolds and out edges of elevated work surfaces, such as hand rails and toe boards to prevent materials from being dislodged -Evacuating work areas during blasting operations, and using blast mats or other means of deflection to minimize fly rock or ejection of demolition debris if work is conducted in proximity to people or structures. -Wearing appropriate PPE, such as safety glasses with side shields, face shields, hard hats, and safety shoes Moving machinery -Planning and segregating the location of vehicle traffic, machine operation, and walking areas, and controlling vehicle traffic through the use of one-way traffic routes, establishment of speed limits, and on-site trained flag-people wearing high- visibility vests or outer clothing covering to direct traffic -Ensuring the visibility of personnel through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas, and training of workers to verify eye contact with equipment operators before approaching the operating vehicle -Ensuring moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms -Using inspected and well-maintained lifting devices that are appropriate for the load, such as cranes, and securing loads when lifting them to higher job-site elevations. Dust -Dust suppression techniques should be implemented, such as applying water or non- toxic chemicals to minimize dust from vehicle movements -PPE, such as dusk masks, should be used where dust levels are excessive. Confined Spaces and Excavations -Controlling site-specific factors which may contribute to excavation slope instability Page | 166 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g including, for example, the use of excavation dewatering, side-walls support, and slope gradient adjustments that eliminate or minimize the risk of collapse, entrapment, or drowning -Providing safe means of access and egress from excavations, such as graded slopes, graded access route, or stairs and ladders. -Avoiding the operation of combustion equipment for prolonged periods inside excavations areas where other workers are required to enter unless the area is actively ventilated. Other Site Hazards -Use of specially trained personnel to identify and remove waste materials from tanks, vessels, processing equipment or contaminated land as a first step in decommissioning activities to allow for safe excavation, construction, dismantling or demolition -Use of specially trained personnel to identify and selectively remove potentially hazardous materials in building elements prior to dismantling or demolition including, for example, insulation or structural elements containing asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), electrical components containing mercury -Use of waste-specific PPE based on the results of an occupational health and safety assessment, including respirators, clothing/protective suits, gloves and eye protection - 14) Community A. General Site Hazards -Law on road traffic no. Contractor PPMU, health and -Subproject should implement risk management strategies to protect the community -23/2008/QH12 s CSC safety -Circular No. 04/2017/TT- from physical, chemical, or other hazards associated with sites under construction BXD, on occupational -Restricting access to the site, through a combination of institutional and safety management in the administrative controls, with a focus on high risk structures or areas depending on execution of construction site-specific situations, including fencing, signage, and communication of risks to works the local community - QCVN 18: 2014/BXD: -Removing hazardous conditions on construction sites that cannot be controlled Technical regulations on Page | 167 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g affectively with site access restrictions, such as covering openings to small safety in construction confined spaces, ensuring means of escape for larger openings such as trenches or - WBG EHS Guidelines excavations, or locked storage of hazardous materials. B. Disease Prevention Communicable Diseases -Providing surveillance and active screening and treatment of workers -Preventing illness among workers in local communities by: •Undertaking health awareness and education initiatives, for example, by implementing an information strategy to reinforce person-to-person counseling addressing systemic factors that can influence individual behavior as well as promoting individual protection, and protecting others from infection, by encouraging condom use •Training health workers in disease treatment •Conducting immunization programs for workers in local communities to improve health and guard against infection •Providing health services •Providing treatment through standard case management in on-site or community health care facilities. Ensuring ready access to medical treatment, confidentiality and appropriate care, particularly with respect to migrant workers •Promoting collaboration with local authorities to enhance access of workers families and the community to public health services and promote immunization. Vector-Born Diseases -Prevention of larval and adult propagation through sanitary improvements and elimination of breeding habitats close to human settlements -Elimination of unusable impounded water Page | 168 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g -Increase in water velocity in natural and artificial channels -Considering the application of residual insecticide to dormitory walls -Implementation of integrated vector control programs -Promoting use of repellents, clothing, netting, and other barriers to prevent insect bites -Use of chemoprophylaxis drugs by non-immune workers and collaborating with public health officials to help eradicate disease reservoirs -Monitoring and treatment of circulating and migrating populations to prevent disease reservoir spread -Collaboration and exchange of in-kind services with other control programs in the subproject area to maximize beneficial effects -Educating subproject personnel and area residents on risks, prevention, and available treatment -Monitoring communities during high-risk seasons to detect and treat cases -Distributing appropriate education materials -Following safety guidelines for the storage, transport, and distribution of pesticides to minimize the potential for misuse, spills, and accidental human exposure. Disease control related to COVID-19 Prepare a contingency plan: Contingency plans are developed at each site outlining the procedures that will be in place in the event that COVID-19 spreads to the site. A contingency plan should be developed in consultation with central and local health facilities, to ensure effective organizational forms are in place to prevent, care for and treat workers infected with COVID-19. Contingency plans should also consider how to respond if a large number Page | 169 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g of workers become ill, in this circumstance, access to and from the site may be restricted to prevent spread. Contingency plans that need to be developed and disseminated to employees include: -Procedures for isolating and testing workers (and those with whom they have been in contact) with symptoms; -Care and treatment for workers, including where and how this care and treatment will be provided; -Get an adequate supply of clean water, food, medical supplies and cleaning equipment in the event of an outbreak of disease at the site, especially when access to the site or transportation of supplies is restricted. The plan should outline specific actions if someone may become infected with COVID-19 at the construction site, including: -Indicate arrangements to place the person in a room or area where they will be isolated from others at the construction site, limit the number of people in contact with the person, and contact local health authorities; -Consider how to identify people at high risk (for example, due to pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes, heart and lung disease, or advanced age), and support them, without stigma and discrimination. discrimination on the job site Page | 170 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g -Consider contingency plans and organize continuous operations if the epidemic breaks out in neighboring residential areas Contingency plans should consider arrangements for storage and disposal of medical waste, which may increase in volume and remain infectious for several days (depending on the material). It is necessary to discuss and agree on the support that site health workers may need, as well as arrange for transportation (without risk of cross-contamination) of sick workers to intensive care facilities. isolation or treatment at national health facilities. Contingency plans should also consider how to maintain the safety of workers and the community at the site in the event of a work suspension or disease outbreak affecting a large number of workers at any site at any time. It is important that site safety measures are reviewed by a safety expert and implemented before construction is stopped. When making contingency plans, the subproject should communicate with other projects/labor groups in the region, to coordinate responses and share knowledge. It is important for local health units to be involved in this coordination process, to minimize changes to local facilities that are overwhelmed during an outbreak and are unable to serve the community. Coordinate with local health authorities to periodically check the health of employees Page | 171 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g working on the construction site, spray and disinfect items, tools, labor protection equipment, and camp areas on the construction site. At the time of disease outbreaks, regularly check body temperature and make personal medical declarations every working day, arrange to stop construction or implement a rotating work schedule, do not gather at the construction sites over 10 people, employees regularly wear masks, wash their hands with disinfectant solution before and after finishing work. - 15) Management -Large-scale mines or stockpiles will need site-specific measures that go beyond those Contractor PPMU, of stockpiles and in this ECOP. s CSC mines -All locations to be used must be previously identified in the approved construction specifications. -An open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater. -Stockpile topsoil when first opening a borrow pit and use it later to restore the area to near natural conditions. -If the need for new sites arises during construction, they must be pre-approved by the Construction Engineer. -If landowners are affected by use of their areas for stockpiles or borrow pits, they must be included in the subproject RAP. -If access roads are needed, they must have been considered in the environmental assessment 16) Communicat -Maintain open communications with the local government and concerned -Decree No.167/2013/ND- Contractor PPMU, ions with local communities; the contractor shall coordinate with local authorities (leaders of CP on sanctioning s CSC community local wards or communes, leader of villages) for agreed schedules of construction administrative violations activities at areas nearby sensitive places or at sensitive times (e.g., religious in the field of security, festival days). social order and safety -Copies in Vietnamese of this ECOP and of other relevant environmental safeguard documents shall be made available to local communities and to workers at the Page | 172 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g site. -Reduced playground space, loss of playing fields and car parking: The loss of amenities during the construction process is often an unavoidable source of inconvenience to users in sensitive areas. However, early consultation with those affected, provides the opportunity to investigate and implement alternatives. -Disseminate subproject information to affected parties (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc.) through community meetings before construction commencement. -Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, subproject status and subproject implementation results. -Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news release, when major findings become available during subproject implementation phase. -Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the subproject progresses. -Respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner. -Inform local residents about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate. -Limit construction activities at night. When necessary ensure that night work is carefully scheduled and the community is properly informed so they can take necessary measures. -At least 15 days in advance of any service interruption (including water and electricity supply, telephone service, bus service, etc.) the community must be advised through postings at the subproject site, at bus stops, and in affected homes/businesses. Page | 173 Responsible agencies Environmental Regulations, standards Mitigation measures Implemen Monitorin and social issues applied tation g -Provide technical documents and drawings to local authority and community, especially a sketch of the construction area and the ESMP of the construction site. -Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the subproject, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, health and safety staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions. ➢ Mitigation measures for impacts due to water cut for construction The impact on water use activities for agricultural production mainly occurs when constructing water intake culverts, spillway, and upstream face of dam. Therefore, the following mitigation measures are proposed: -Before construction, the project owner informs the local authorities and people about the progress of construction, especially the construction of the culverts and spillways, the upstream face of the dam. -Construction activities shall take place at the end of the summer-autumn season, when the amount of water in the reservoir is lowest and agricultural production activities no longer use water -Arrange to conduct construction lines through sluices and cofferdam when constructing items. -Pumping water for agricultural production when necessary to ensure uninterrupted production activities. -Ensure the construction time of the above items is the shortest. -Do not let materials falling onto flow lines, affecting water quality and water supply for production activities. ➢ Mitigation measures for impacts to women and children Measures to minimize impacts on women and children during construction of construction items need special attention. The following mitigation measures are proposed. Impacts on gender: -Number of female workers is not high, and the Contractors give priority to local labor; -Give training and propaganda on social diseases and preventive methods; Page | 174 -Develop regulations, policies, sanction level and responsibility of workers in each construction site -The contractor coordinates with local authorities in managing demographic at the construction site. Impacts on children: -The contractor commits not to hire child labor to implement subproject related contents; -Project owners coordinate with local authorities and related units to strictly control the employment of contractors; -Commitment to not use child labor is one of the mandatory conditions in the bidding documents. Page | 175 7.2.2.2. Mitigation measures to special impacts Table 47: Mitigation measures for impacts to sensitive works Monitori Sensitive works Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility ng 1. Ho May reservoir: 03 sensitive works Ancestral temple • 30m from construction and • Dust, exhaust. -Notice the leader of the ancestral tempal about • Contractors • CSC, management road, 300m • Noise, vibration construction plans activities and related PMU, from the main dam • Spillage of solid waste impacts at least one month before starting commu • The project does not acquire affects the spiritual and construction nity land area of this works social activities of local -Prepare construction plans to avoid impacts to • Worship and other relevant people during the traditional activities of ancestral temple activities usually take place ceremony -The contractors will implement mitigation on the 1st or 15th day of the • Obstructing people's access measures for noise, dust, vibration impacts to lunar month to their temple area the temple area • Risk of community conflict. -Workers need to behave affably to the locals and repects the faith of the locals. Aquaculture production • 100m to the secondary dam of • Waste water, solid waste -During the construction process, if a dead fish • Contractors • CSC, area Ho May reservoir and hazardous waste could happens, should it is determined that this is PMU, • The project does not acquire kill the fish due to the fault of the subproject construction, commu land area of this works • Affects income of the subproject owner will have to compensate nity • Mainly fish farming households having fish farm the people and make plan to clean the in the area reservoir water • Increase turbidity due to -Putting a ban on fishing in the lake into the falling materials, affecting rules, regularly checking and having a plan to water intake for fish deal strictly if the workers violate farming of households -If workers illegally do fishing in the reservoirs, the subproject owner need to have compensation plan to the people High voltage line • Located 30m to the right of • During construction time, • Propagating about electrical safety corridors • Contractors • CSC, Page | 176 Monitori Sensitive works Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility ng the secondary dam of Ho mobilization of machinery in accordance with Decree 14/2014 / ND-CP PMU May can affect electrical safety for workers, drivers, and machines on • The project does not acquire • During construction period, construction sites land area of this works mobilizing motorbikes and • vehicles can affect electrical safety, collision with transmission lines, and violation of protection corridor. 2. Dap Da Reservoir: No sensitive works 3. Da Vach Reservoir: No sensitive works 4. Thang Loi Reservoir: 02 sensitive works Military • Right next to the reservoir. It • Construction activities can • Propagating environmental safety policies to • Contractors • TVGS, camp is training ground of border affect training plans and prevent violation of national defense assets Ban troop safety military equipment • regularly consult with the unit commander in QLDA • 300 - 500m to the main dam order to have appropriate motorbike mobilization and construction plans Village 1 cultural house - • Close to the reservoir’s access • Construction of service road • Regularly announce construction schedule to • Contractors • CSC, Tien Son road, where cultural activities could affect cultural villagers PMU, commune of Village 1, Tien Son activities of Village 1 • Limit vehicle and machine traffic to and from commu commune take place the construction site while the community nity organizes cultural activities Page | 177 Monitori Sensitive works Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility ng 5. Dong Nhon Reservoir: No sensitive works 6. Ho Giang Reservoir: No sensitive works 7. Cao Ngan Reservoir: 01 sensitive works Cao Ngan village’s clean • On the right of main dam’s • Water supply for 260 • Inform the community about the construction • Contractors • CSC, water system downstream. households will be plan at least two weeks before construction. PMU, • Supply water for 260 temporary halted • Arrange drainage systems around the commu households of 02 villages: • Transportation activities can construction site to prevent erosion and nity Cao Ngan and Cam Son. damage equipment and sedimentation at the water collection points of • In parallel with the road to pipeline of pumping station the clean water system. secondary dam of the • High turbidity can affect • Regularly check the suction pipe area of the reservoir water treatment process, clean water system to ensure it is not blocked • The water supply plant started water quality and by construction waste. its operation since 2016, it is production cost. • Close consultation with the local community however not effective. It is to properly address all people's questions now not in operation related to construction activities will be addressed. 8. Ho Lau Reservoir: No sensitive works 9. Ho Trau Reservoir: No sensitive works 10. Hoc Ket Reservoir: There is 01 sensitive works Cremated area • Right next to reservoirs edge, • Spilled solid waste affects • Inform people about construction time • Contractors • CSC, • 150m to main dam. It is the the environment of the area. • When vehicles pass by, slow down, do not PMU, commu Page | 178 Monitori Sensitive works Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility ng grave yard of local residents • Obstructing people's access honk and pay attention to the people. nity to the cemetery area. • Regularly collect waste water and garbage on • Affecting grave ‘cleaning’ construction sites to limit the impact on the activities. cemetery area. • Conflicts between local • Closely consult with the local community to people and workers. properly address people's questions related to construction activities. • No noise, no construction at the time of the funeral at the cemetery. 11. Ho Chinh Reservoir: There are 02 sensitive works Cremated area • Next to construction and • Spilled solid waste affects • Inform people about construction time • Contractors • CSC, management road, the environment of the area. • When vehicles pass by, slow down, do not PMU, • About 250m from the main • Obstructing people's access honk and pay attention to the people. commu dam downstream, It is the to the cemetery area. nity • Regularly collect waste water and garbage on grave yard of local residents • Affecting grave ‘cleaning’ construction sites to limit the impact on the activities. cemetery area. • Conflicts between local • Closely consult with the local community to people and workers. properly address people's questions related to construction activities. • No noise, no construction at the time of the funeral at the cemetery. Aquaculture production • Located downstream of the • Waste water, solid waste • During the construction process, if a dead fish • Contractors • CSC, main dam of Ho Chinh and hazardous waste could happens, should it is determined that this is PMU, Reservoir, about 150m from kill the fish due to the fault of the subproject construction, commu the main dam. • Affects income of the subproject owner will have to compensate nity • The project does not acquire households having fish farm the people and make plan to clean the land area of this works in the area reservoir wate • Mainly fish farming • Increase turbidity due to • Putting a ban on fishing in the lake into the falling materials, affecting rules, regularly checking and having a plan to Page | 179 Monitori Sensitive works Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility ng water intake for fish deal strictly if the workers violate farming of households • If workers illegally do fishing in the reservoirs, the subproject owner need to have compensation plan to the people 12. Huong Mao Reservoir: No sensitive works 13. Hoc Bau Reservoir: There are 02 sensitive works Aquatic production area • Located downstream of the • Waste water, solid waste • During the construction process, if a dead fish • Contractors • CSC, main dam of Hoc Bau and hazardous waste could happens, should it is determined that this is PMU, Reservoir, about 100m from kill the fish due to the fault of the subproject construction, commu the main dam. • Affects income of the subproject owner will have to compensate nity • The project does not acquire households having fish farm the people and make plan to clean the land area of this works in the area reservoir water • Mainly fish farming. • Increase turbidity due to • Putting a ban on fishing in the lake into the falling materials, affecting rules, regularly checking and having a plan to water intake for fish deal strictly if the workers violate farming of households • If workers illegally do fishing in the reservoirs, the subproject owner need to have compensation plan to the people Road to My Son Sanctuary • The route of transporting • Vehicles, machines and • Propagating the safety and customs to • Contractors • CSC, construction materials is the construction activities may officials and workers on construction sites to PMU, one leading to My Son cause traffic congestion and prevent encroachment of cultural works and commu Sanctuary. traffic safety for tourists beliefs of the community nity coming to join the festival. • Regular consultation with the community to plan appropriate construction, especially during tourism season of My Son Sanctuary. • Workers need to behave gently with local people and respect local beliefs 14. Thai Xuan Reservoir: No sensitive works Page | 180 7.2.3.Mitigation measures in operation phase After the completion of the construction works, the reservoirs will ensure the water capacity according to the designs and ensure irrigation planning for downstream agricultural cultivation. The solutions related to the safety and operation of reservoirs are discussed further in the "Dam Safety Report" of the same subproject. Table 48: Mitigation measures during operation phase Implementati Impacts Mitigation measures Monitoring on Fallinginto • Equipping warning signs and installation of Reservoir’s DARD reservoirs, dangerous warning system on the dam areas. owner drowning • Disseminating drowning risk to the community along the reservoirs. Domestic • Limiting the activities that generate solid waste and Reservoir’s DARD, waste from wastewater. owner DONRE activities of • No littering. reservoir • Waste must be collected and transported to the local operatorsand landfill. tourists • Wastewater must be collected into the settling pits before being discharged into the environment. • If the reservoir operators are regularly present on reservoirs, the septic tanks should be built. Repair and • Informing the downstream people about the annual Reservoir’s DARD, maintenance repair and maintenance plans. owner DONRE • Performing periodic maintenance and repairs during the shortest period of time and at the time of the lowest water demand. • Performing measures to maintain water supply during repair to ensure there is no disruption in water supply. Increase • Collaborate with agricultural facilitating agencies to Reservoir’s DARD, production ensure that farmers are trained on sustainable owner DONRE land and crop farming methods, pest management; season • Construction of pits to collect pesticide shells, fertilizer containers away from reservoirs and flooded areas; or suggest that people collect these wastes, not throw them away in the fields and canals. • Environmentally friendly and bio-pesticides must be given priority. • Pesticides that are less toxic, less stable in the environment, and more selective must be used. • The type of pesticide, the use and duration of use must be appropriate to reduce the amount of spraying, the amount of pesticides and pollution to the environment and plants. Regulation • Preparing emergency response plans as part of the Reservoir’s DARD, of dam safety reports. owner DONRE reservoirs and • The Management and Operation Unit should timely flood and accurately inform the flood discharge plan for discharges in the community to actively get informed and Implementati Impacts Mitigation measures Monitoring on case of big respond. floods • At risky times like in rainy season, it is necessary to affecting appoint persons to regularly monitor, to ensure downstream proper regulation of water sources. • Building safety corridors for flood discharge on the basis of impact scenarios. The specific solutions are detailed in the dam safety reports and emergency response plans Disaster risk • Regularly check for seepage and maintain head Reservoir’s DARD, causes unsafe works. owner DONRE • Regularly monitor and check subsidence monitoring system. • Comply with Decree No. 114/2018/NĐ-CP dated 04/09/2018 on dam safety management. • Develop regulation scheme annually and long - term which is suitable to abnormal weather condition • Regularly disseminating safety regulations to people, organizing timely announcements and evacuation in case of big flood discharge. • The reservoir operator should continuously inform the regulation regime of the reservoir in the flood season. • Utilizing all available human resources and means to respond to a dam failure incident: (i) Promptly informing people about the disaster situation; (ii) Relocation of people and assets when the risk of dam failure is forecasted; (iii) Arrange human and material resources to be ready for rescue work… • Strengthening the direction of state management agencies, working closely with other organizations and individuals in the prevention and rescue of dam failure. 7.3. Organization of implementation 7.3.1.Project management ➢ Central level The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) is responsible for implementing and managing the entire project. The provinces carrying out the rehabilitation and improvement of the dam safety under Component 1. MARD will coordinate the activities with the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) under Component 2. The Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) under MARD is responsible for coordinating and monitoring the overall project. The improvement and preparation of dam safety plans, including protection and authorization, are focused on the provincial governments. The Provincial People's Committees and the Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) are the provincial chairmen. The Provincial Project Management Units (PPMU) are responsible for managing and supervising the works with the support from the CPMU. The CPMU will assist the project implementation via an Environmental and Social Technical Assistance Agency. In addition, the CPMU hires an independent consultant to evaluate the implementation of the Environmental Safety Policy for the entire subproject, once every 6 months which is selected through a competitive process to provide support and quality assurance for the central level during the project implementation. This includes the support to the CPMU in reviewing, refining when necessary and re-implementing the development framework during the project implementation, which can provide a general framework for the national programs. This process will be considered in accordance with the context of Decree No.72 to assist MARD in establishing necessary systems for the implementation of the National Dam Safety Program. ➢ Provincial level The People's Committee of Quang Nam Province shall assign the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) to carry out the subproject in the area, set up the WB8 Project Management Unit (PPMU) to implement the bidding, supervision of construction, resettlement action plan, environmental and social action plan, and these actions must be in line with the overall framework of the overall project. The PPMU will be supported by the CPMU in term of technical assistance, environmental and social consultation. The project implementation organization is outlined in the following diagram. Figure 7: The Subproject Organization (Source: DRSIP Framework, 2015) 7.3.2.Roles and responsibilities for environmental and social safety management In terms of the regular investment monitoring activities, the CPMU will carry out the monitoring with the coordination of the local environmental authority to determine whether the subproject implementation meets all requirements of the local environmental and social management framework, socio-environmental impact assessment reports and environmental management plans or not. The agency will also visit the site at various stages of the project to confirm that the Environment Social Management Plans and the environmental and social monitoring plans are being implemented in full. A monitoring report including environmental and social management issues will be included in the overall field report. The designated environmental and social experts are responsible for preparing quarterly and annual reports on major project implementation steps, outputs and results of environmental management actions to be made for all investments throughout the subproject cycle. The CPMU requests the PPMU to include their corresponding environmental component in their investments, which include important mitigation activities and environmental incidents. The PPMU must integrate the environmental component in all reports prepared for the World Bank. The Stakeholders should be fully aware of the ESMP implementation mechanism in the subproject investments. This will be very important in supporting and evaluating their roles in the environmental monitoring and the monitoring and evaluation of the subproject activities. The organization diagram during the ESMP implementation is outlined the following figure. Figure 8: The Subproject’s diagram for implementation of Environment Safeguard Policy The details of the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in the environmental and social management during the subproject implementation are presented in Table below. Table 49: Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders Agency Responsibility - The CPMU, on behalf of the Project Owner, MARD will be responsible for monitoring the overall implementation of the subproject, including the compliance with the subproject's environmental and social safeguard policy. - Responsible for reporting the implementation of the subproject environmental protection policy to the MONRE and the World Bank. Central Project - The CPMU will be assisted in the overall implementation of the Subproject by Management the Technical Consultant (TA), which will develop a system to properly monitor Unit (CPMU) the social and safety aspects during the subproject implementation. - The independent monitoring of the third party will carry out regular independent evaluation of the subproject activities. This agency will also assess the compliance with the policy application and the implementation of safety instruments, including environmental management plans/environment code of practices, resettlement policy framework/resettlement action plan ethnic minority development plan and gender action plan. - The PPMU will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of the subproject, including the compliance with the subproject's environmental policy. The PPMU will be the final agency responsible for the CESMP implementation and the implementation of the environmental activities of the subproject during Provincial the construction and operation phases. Project - Specifically, the PPMU will: (i) work closely with the local authorities on the Management community consultation during the project preparation and implementation Unit (PPMU) phases; (ii) oversee the implementation of the ESIA, including the incorporation of ESMP into detailed engineering designs, tender documents and contract documents; (iii) ensure that the environmental management system is well established and functions; (iv) responsible for reporting on the implementation of the ESIA to the CPMU, the DONRE and the World Bank. Agency Responsibility - The ES is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies in all phases and process of the subproject. Specifically, ES will be responsible for: (i) helping PPMU incorporate ESMP into the detailed technical designs and civil works bidding and contractual documents; (ii) helping PMU incorporate responsibilities for PPMU ESMP and RAP monitoring and supervision into the TORs, bidding and environmental contractual documents for the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) as and social staff needed; iii) providing relevant inputs to the consultant selection process; (iv) (ES) reviewing reports submitted by the CSC and safeguard consultants; (v) conducting periodic site checks; (vi) helping the PPMU on solutions to handle social and resettlement issues of the subproject; and (vii) preparing environmental and social performance section on the progress and review reports to be submitted to the DONRE and the World Bank. - The CSC will assign Environmental and Social Staff(s) and will be responsible for routine supervising and monitoring all construction activities and for ensuring that Contractors comply with the requirements of the contracts and the Construction ECOP. The CSC will engage sufficient number of qualified staff (e.g. Supervision Environmental Engineers) with adequate knowledge on environmental Consultant protection and construction subproject management to perform the required (CSC) duties and to supervise the Contractor’s performance. - The CSC will also assist the PPMU in (i) reporting and maintaining close coordination with the local community, and (ii) strengthening safeguard capacity for civil contractors. The Bidder shall submit to PPMU the following additional documents in its Bid: Code of conduct (ESHS) •The Bidder shall submit its Code of Conduct that will apply to its employees and subcontractors, to ensure compliance with its Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) obligations under the contract. •In addition, the Bidder shall detail how this Code of Conduct will be implemented. This will include: how it will be introduced into conditions of employment/engagement, what training will be provided, how it will be monitored and how the Contractor proposes to deal with any breaches Management Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIP) to manage the (ESHS) risks Bidder •The Bidder shall submit Management Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIP) to manage the following key Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) risks. +Traffic Management Plan to ensure safety of local communities from construction traffic; +Water Resource Protection Plan to prevent contamination of drinking water; +Boundary Marking and Protection Strategy for mobilization and construction to prevent offsite adverse impacts; +Strategy for obtaining Consents/Permits prior to the start of relevant works such as opening a quarry or borrow pit. - The contractor shall assign Environmental and Social Staff(s) to carry out Environmental and Social mitigation measures proposed in the ESMP. Contractors - The Contractor shall be required to submit to PPMU/CSC for approval, and subsequently implement, the Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan (C- ESMP) in accordance with the Particular Conditions of Agency Responsibility Contract Sub-Clause 16.29, that includes the agreed Management Strategies and Implementation Plans. - The Contractor is required to appoint a competent individual as the contractor’s on-site Safety and Environment Officer (SEO) who will be responsible for monitoring the contractor’s compliance with Code of Conduct and MSIP which is set out in the Section VII – Works’ Requirements of SPDs. - Take actions to mitigate all potential negative impacts in line with the objective described in the CESMP. - Actively communicate with local residents and take actions to prevent disturbance during construction. - Ensure that all staff and workers understand the procedure and their tasks in the environmental management program. - Report to the PPMU and CSC on any difficulties and their solutions. - Report to local authority and PPMU and CSC if environmental accidents occur - The local community monitoring boards are set up under the Prime Minister's Decision No.80/2005/QD-CP dated 18 April 2005 on the “Regulation on Community Investment Supervision Mechanism”. The commune community Local supervision committees have the power and responsibility to supervise government, construction activities, environment negative impacts caused by construction local activities, and the potential negative impact mitigation measures. Ensure that community the potential negative mitigation measures are effectively implemented by the Contractors. In case of environmental problems affecting the community, they will inform the CSC and/or the PPMU. Provincial - Supervise the implementation of environmental protection activities in People’s construction items of the subproject to ensure compliance with policies and Committee, regulations of the Government. DONRE, Division of Natural Resources and Department of Environment of Districts carry out monitoring the compliance with Natural environmental requirements of the Government Resources and Environment 7.4. Environmental Compliance Framework Duties of the Contractor, the SEO and the CSC set out here that are not already addressed within the SPDs should be incorporated into the Employers Requirements (section VII of the SPDs). 7.4.1.Contractor's environmental duties2 2Ifthe Contractor was, or is, failing to perform any ESHS obligations or work under the Contract, the value of this work or obligation, as determined by the Project Manager, may be withheld until the work or obligation has been performed, and/or the cost of rectification or replacement, as determined by the Project Manager, may be withheld until rectification or replacement has been completed. Failure to perform includes, but is not limited to the following: The contractor shall firstly minimize the impact that may be result of the subproject construction activities and secondly, apply the mitigation measures under ESMP to prevent harm and nuisances on local communities and the environment caused by the impacts in construction and operation phases. The ESMP, which complies with Specific Condition of the Contract’s item no 16.23, including Management and Implementation Strategy, is required to be approved and implemented by the Contractors Remedial actions that cannot be effectively carried out during construction should be carried out on completion of the works (and before issuance of the acceptance of completion of works) the duties of the Contractor include, but not limited to: -Compliance with relevant legislative requirements governing the environment, public health and safety. -Work within the scope of contractual requirements and other tender conditions. -Organize representatives of the construction team to participate in the joint site inspections undertaken by the Environmental Staff of the CSC. -Collaborate with local authorities to conduct periodical environmental monitoring according to EISA. -Coordinate with PPMU to give training and propagate social safety policies for officials and employees on construction sites. -Carry out any corrective actions instructed by the Environmental Staff of the PPMU and CSC. -In case of non-compliances/discrepancies, carry out investigation and submit proposals on mitigation measures, and implement remedial measures to reduce environmental impact. -Stop construction activities, which generate adverse impacts upon receiving instructions from the Environmental Staff of PPMU and CSC. Propose and carry out corrective •failure to comply with any ESHS obligations or work described in the Works’ Requirements which may include: working outside site boundaries, excessive dust, failure to keep public roads in a safe usable condition, damage to waste, damage to archeology or cultural heritage features, air pollution as a result of unauthorized and/or inefficient combustion offsite vegetation, pollution of water courses from oils or sedimentation, contamination of land e.g. from oils, human; •failure to regularly review C-ESMP and/or update it in a timely manner to address emerging ESHS issues, or anticipated risks or impacts; •failure to implement the C-ESMP; •failing to have appropriate consents/permits prior to undertaking Works or related activities; •failure to submit ESHS report/s (as described in Appendix C of SPDs), or failure to submit such reports in a timely manner; •failure to implement remediation as instructed by the Engineer within the specified timeframe (e.g. remediation addressing non-compliance/s). 3 The Contractor shall not begin any work, including mobilization and/or pre-construction activities (eg clearance for transportation routes, access to construction sites, and establishment of construction sites, geological investigation or investigation to select auxiliary features such as quarries and borrowings) unless the Project Director is satisfied with appropriate measures to address the risks and impacts on environment, society, health and safety. At a minimum, the Contractor shall apply the Management Strategy, Implementation Plan and Code of Conduct, submitted as part of the bid dossier and agreed as part of the Contract. The contractor must regularly submit to the Project Management Unit the Additional Management Strategies and Additional Implementation Plans necessary to manage the risks and impacts of ESHS on ongoing work. These management strategies and implementation plans include Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP). C-ESMP will be approved before starting construction activities (eg excavation, earthworks, bridge and structural works, road and flow diversion, quarrying or material extraction, mixing concrete and asphalt production). Approved C-ESMP will be reviewed periodically (but not less than once every six months) and promptly updated as required by the Contractor to ensure that it has appropriate measures for the works that will be carried out. C- ESMP updates must be approved in advance by the Project Director. actions and implement alternative construction method, if required, in order to minimize the environmental impacts; Non-compliance by the Contractor will be cause for suspension of works and other penalties until the non-compliance has been resolved to the satisfaction of the ES of PMU and CSC. 7.4.2.The Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officers The contractor shall be required to appoint competent staff(s) as the Contractor’s on-site safety, Social and environmental officer (SEO). The SEO must be appropriately trained in environmental management and must possess the skills necessary to transfer environmental management knowledge to all personnel involved in the contract. The SEO will be responsible for monitoring the contractor’s compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental specifications. The duties of the SEO shall include but not be limited to the following: -Carry out environmental site inspections to assess and audit the contractors' site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures implemented; -Monitor compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contractual requirements; -Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; -Prepare audit reports for the site environmental conditions; -Investigate complaints and recommend any required corrective measures; -Advise the contractor on environment improvement, awareness and proactive pollution prevention measures; -Recommend suitable mitigation measures to the contractor in the case of non- compliance. Carry out additional monitoring of noncompliance instructed by the ES of PPMU and CSC -Inform the contractor and ES (of PPMU and CSC) of environmental issues, submit contractor’s ESMP Implementation Plan to the ES of PPMU and CSC, and relevant authorities, if required; -Keep detailed records of all site activities that may relate to the environment. 7.4.3.Environmental and social supervision during construction During construction phase, a qualified CSC reporting to the PPMU shall carry out the environmental supervision. The CSC will assign environmental and social staff(s), will be responsible for inspecting, and supervising all construction activities to ensure that mitigation measures adopted in the ESMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the subproject are minimized. The CSC shall engage sufficient number of Environmental Supervision Engineers with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction subproject management to perform the required duties and to supervise the Contractor’s performance. Specifically, ES of CSC will: -Review and assess on behalf of the PPMU whether the construction design meets the requirements of the mitigation and management measures of the ESMP, -Supervise site environmental management system of contractors including their performance, experience and handling of site environmental issues, and provide corrective instructions; -Review the ESMP implementation by the contractors, verify and confirm environmental supervision procedures, parameters, monitoring locations, equipment and results; and -Report ESMP implementation status to PPMU and prepare the environmental supervision statement during the construction phase. 7.4.4.Compliance with contractual and legal requirements The constructions activities shall comply not only with contractual environmental protection and pollution control requirements but also with environmental protection and pollution control laws of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. All the works method statements submitted by the Contractor to the CSC and PPMU for approval to see whether sufficient environmental protection and pollution control measures have been included. The CSC and PPMU shall also review the progress and program of the works to check that relevant environmental laws have not been violated, and that any potential for violating the laws can be prevented. The Contractor shall copy relevant documents to the SEO and the ES of CSC and PPMU. The document shall at least include the updated work progress report, the updated work measure, and the application letters for different license/permits under the environmental protection laws, and all the valid license/permit. The SEO and the ES shall also have access, upon request, to the Site Log-Book. After reviewing the documents, the SEO or the ES shall advise the PPMU and the contractor of any non-compliance with the contractual and legislative requirements on environmental protection and pollution control for them to take follow-up actions. If the SEO or the ES concludes that the status on license/permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control preparation works may not comply with the work measure or may result in potential violation of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they shall advise the Contractor and the PPMU accordingly. 7.4.5.Reporting organization In addition to the progress report, the Contractor shall also provide a report on the Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) metrics set out in Appendix B of SPDs. In addition to Appendix B reports, the Contractor shall also provide immediate notification to the PPMU of incidents in the following categories. Full details of such incidents shall be provided to the PPMU within the timeframe agreed with the PPMU. -Confirmed or likely violation of any law or international agreement; -Any fatality or serious (lost time) injury; -Significant adverse effects or damage to private property (e.g. vehicle accident, damage from fly rock, working beyond the boundary) -Major pollution of drinking water aquifer or damage or destruction of rare or endangered habitat (including protected areas) or species; or -Any allegation of sexual harassment or sexual misbehavior, child abuse, defilement, or other violations involving children. Table 50: Reporting requirements No. Report prepared by Submitted to Reporting frequency 1 Contractors CSC Immediately of certain aspects and monthly with respect to a wider range of aspects 2 Construction Supervision PPMU Immediately or monthly Consultant 4 Community monitoring PPMU When the community has any complaint boards about the subproject safeguards implementation 5 PPMU Provincial DONRE Once every six months in accordance with and Central Project the GoV’s environmental regulations Management Unit 6 CPMU WB Once every six months in accordance with the Section II of the Loan Agreement 7.5. Grievance redress mechanism Complaints relating to any subproject's problems will be solved through negotiations to achieve the consensus. A complaint will go through three Stages before it can be transferred to the court. The enforcement unit will pay all administrative and legal fees relating to the acceptance of complaints. This cost is included in the subproject budget. Complaint procedures and resolution will be performed as follows: 7.5.1.Procedures for complaints and settlement ➢ People’s Committee of ward/commune An affected household is to take his/her complaint to any member of the People's Committee of the ward / commune, through the village head or directly to People’s Committee of the commune / ward, in written or oral form. The said member(s) of the P eople’s Committee or the village head will inform the People’s Committee of the ward/commune on the complaint. The People's Committee of Ward/Commune will work directly in person with the said affected household and will decide on the settlement of the complaint 5 days after receiving such complaint (this may take 15 days in mountainous or remote areas). The Secretariat of the People’s Committee of the relevant commune/ward is responsible for documenting and recording all the complaints that it is handling. After the Ward/Commune People's Committee issues its decision, the relevant household can make an appeal within 30 days. In case a second decision has been issued but the said household is still not satisfied with such decision, such household can appeal to the municipal (city) People’s Committee (CPC). ➢ Districts’ People’s Committee Upon receiving a complaint from a household, the CPC will have 15 days (or 30 days in case of remote and mountainous areas) after receiving the complaint to resolve the case. The CPC is responsible for filing and storing documents on all complaints that it handles. When the CPC has issued a decision, the household can make an appeal within 30 days. In case a second decision has been issued and the household is still not satisfied with such a decision, they can appeal to the Provincial People’s Committee (PPC). ➢ Provincial People Committee Upon receiving a complaint from the household, the PPC will have 30 days (or 45 days in case of remote and mountainous areas) after receiving the complaint to resolve the case. The PPC is responsible for filing and storing documents for all complaints to be submitted. After the PPC has issued a decision, the household can appeal within 45 days. In case a second decision has been issued and the household is still not satisfied with such decision, they can appeal to the court within 45 days. The PPC will then have to pay the compensation into an account. ➢ Provincial court In case a complainant brings his/her case to a provincial court and the court rules in favor of the complainant, the provincial authorities will have to increase the compensation up to such a rate as may be ruled by the court. In case the court’s ruling is in favor of the PPC, the complainant will be refunded the amount of money that has been paid to the court. The decision ruling the settlement of complaints will have to be sent to complainants and concerned parties, and shall be publicly posted at the headquarters of the People's Committee of the relevant level. The complainant will receive such ruling three days after the result of complaint resolution at the ward / commune / town level has been decided upon and 7 days at the district or provincial level. To minimize the number of complaints at the provincial level, the PPMU will coordinate with Nui Thanh, Phu Ninh, Tien Phuoc, Que Son, Thang Binh, Dai Loc and Duy Xuyen District Compensation Committees to organize the consultations on the complaint settlement. Its role and capacity is to provide compensation, assistance and resettlement to affected households and displaced persons. Personnel: The environment and resettlement staff chosen by the PPMU will design and maintain a database of the subproject-related complaints from affected households, including information such as: the nature of the complaint, the source and date of receipt of the complaint, the name and address of the complainant, action plan, and current status. For oral complaints, the receiving/ mediator board will record these requests in a complaint form at the first meeting with the affected person. 7.5.2.Contractors and Construction Supervision Consultant During construction, the GRM will also be managed by the contractors under supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform the affected communities and communes about the GRM availability to handle complaints and concerns about the subproject. This will be done via the community consultation and information disclosure process under which the contractors will communicate with the affected communities and interested authorities on a regular basis. Meetings will be held at least quarterly, monthly information brochures will be published, announcements will be placed in local media, and notices of upcoming planned activities will be posted, etc. All complaints and corresponding actions undertaken by the contractors will be recorded in subproject safeguard monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages could be lodged as follows: -Verbally: direct to the CSC and/ or the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives at the site offices. -In writing: by hand-delivering or posting a written complaint to specified addresses. -By telephone, fax, and e-mails: to the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives. Upon receipt of a complaint, the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives will register the complaint in a complaint file and maintain a log of events pertaining to it thereafter, until it is resolved. Immediately after receipt, four copies of the complaint will be prepared. The original will be kept in the file, one copy will be used by the contractor’s safeguard staff, and one copy will be forwarded to the CSC, and the fourth copy to the PPMU within 24 hours since receipt of the complaint. Information to be recorded in the complaint log will consist of: -The date and time of the complaint. -The name, address and contact details of the complainant. -A short description of the complaint. -Actions taken to address the complaint, including contact persons and findings at each step in the complaint redress process. -The dates and times when the complainant is contacted during the redress process. -The final resolution of the complaint. -The date, time and manner in which the complainant was informed thereof. -The complainant’s signature when resolution has been obtained. Minor complaints will be dealt with within one week. Within two weeks (and weekly thereafter), a written reply will be delivered to the complainant (by hand, post, fax, e-mails) indicating the procedures taken and progress to date. The main objective will be to resolve an issue as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few people as possible, and at the lowest possible level. Only when an issue cannot be resolved at the simplest level and/ or within 15 days, will other authorities be involved. Such a situation may arise, for example, when damages are claimed, the to-be-paid amount cannot be resolved, or damage causes are determined. 7.5.3.The World Bank Grievance Redress Mechanism World Bank Grievance Redress Mechanism: Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a World Bank (WB) supported subproject may submit complaints to existing subproject-level grievance redress mechanism or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in order to address subproject-related concerns. Subproject affected communities and individuals may submit their complaints to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel which determines whether harms occurred, or could occur, as a result of WB non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at any time after concerns have been brought directly to the WB’s attention, and Bank Management has been given an opportunity to respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspection Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org. 7.6. ESMP Implementation Plan 7.6.1.Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan Shortly after the contract is signed, based on the approved subproject ESMP and construction methods, construction plan approved by CSC and PPMU, the Contractor prepares Contractor’s ESMP (C-ESMP) of the package and submits to the CSC for review and approval. After the C-ESMP is approved by CSC, the contractor carries out the environmental and social impact mitigation measures on site. The C-ESMP will be disclosed at worker’s camp and site office to disseminate the information of mitigation measures to workers. Making the public information panel at entrances of construction site, address, representative, phone number of stakeholders for supervision by local community and contact as necessary. Assigning staff in charge of environment and safety, training, providing PPE, regular health examination for workers. Surveying, examination of environmental status on site, reporting to the CSC if there are significant differences compared to the environmental background. Contracting with the authorized units for treatment of domestic wastes, hazardous wastes … and clean water supply. Managing the workers and construction equipment and providing new certificate in case of expiration. Implementing ESMP and updating, and submitting to the CSC for approval if there are changes before application. Cooperating with the PPMU and CSC to deal with the complaint of local people about the environmental and safety problem of the package in a timely manner. Reporting on the package ESMP implementation monthly. 7.6.2.Subproject commencement and human resources The staff in charge of environmental safeguards of the contractor must be environmental engineer or have relevant disciplines and must have a certificate of occupational health and safety and work fulltime on site. Providing training in occupational health and safety for workers and regular conducting examination of worker’s health. 7.6.3.Training on safeguard policy Since the PPMU have implemented projects funded by the World Bank, some PPMU staff may have a clear understanding of the World Bank’s safeguard policy requirements. The PPMU has appointed an officer to be responsible for the environmental safety of the Subproject. This environmental officer has participated in some safety training courses organized by the World Bank and the CPMU at the early stage of the subproject implementation. Training and capacity development, however, is required annually through technical assistance of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policy Officers addressing new safeguard policy requirements. Because the new environmental, social, health and safety (ESHS) requirements are set out in the standard bidding documents, the training in the ESHS requirements will be provided by the World Bank’s Safeguard Specialists to the environmental and social staff of the PPMU, the CSC and the OHS staff of the Contractors as soon as they are mobilized. The PPMU will be responsible for organizing the training compatible with the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies. Such training courses will be held at the beginning of the Subproject to ensure that the ESMP is properly integrated into the bidding documents (subsequently are the contracts). Technical assistance should be provided by experienced staff and the skills of construction supervision consultants in accordance with the terms of reference which encompass specific references to the development of the items of the request of the Subproject Owner on the standard tender documents. 7.6.4.Training on occupational safety and health The provisions will be made to provide occupational health and safety training for all new employees to ensure that they are informed of the site's basic workplace conditions and work practices to protect personal and prevent injuries to their colleagues. The training will include perceptions on basic hazards, specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disasters, which must be practice properly. Any specific hazards or color codes to be used will be considered thoroughly as part of the training orientation. 7.6.5.Visitor orientation If visitors are allowed accessing to the areas with hazardous conditions or substance presence, visitor orientation and control program will be established to ensure that they do not enter dangerous areas without the accompanying persons. 7.6.6.Training for new workers and contractors The PPMU will ensure that workers and contractors, before undertaking new jobs, receive adequate training and information so that they can understand the hazards at work and protect themselves from the hazards which may occur. The training will include: -Knowledge of materials, equipment and tools -Known hazards it the operation and how to control them -Potential risks to health -Precaution to prevent exposure -Hygiene requirements -Wearing and using protective equipment and clothing -Appropriate response to operating extremes, incidents and accidents 7.6.7.Basic occupational health and safety training A basic training program and intensive courses will be deployed as needed to ensure that workers are oriented towards the specific hazards of individual work tasks. The training will generally be provided to managers, supervisors, workers, and occasional visitors to risk and hazardous areas. Workers with first aid and rescue obligations receive special training not to exacerbate the exposure and health hazards to themselves and their colleagues. Training will include the risk of transmitting diseases through blood due to contact with body tissues and body fluids. Through appropriate contractual terms and monitoring, the PPMU will ensure that service providers as well as contractual workers and sub contractual workers are adequately trained before commencement of their works. The PPMU will be responsible for coordinating with the construction supervision consultants and the contractor's social environment officers to organize the training courses mentioned above. 7.7. Environmental monitoring plan 7.7.1.Monitoring the compliance with mitigation measures The PPMU and the CSC will monitor the compliance of the standards. The PPMU and the CSC will monitor the Contractors’ activities in accordance with the agreed mitigation measures. The results are summarized in the monthly reports. Local authorities and communities in 11 reservoir areas will perform monitoring tasks in accordance with the Government’s regulations, the Law on Environmental Protection 2014 and Decree No.80/2005/ND-CP regarding the regulations on investment community monitoring. In addition, the Contractors’ environmental safety staff will be responsible for day-to-day monitoring of labor safety and environmental sanitation and reporting to the CSC. The detailed monitoring plans will be prepared during the detailed design phase. Expenditures for the monitoring program will be included in the cost of the CESMP implementation. 7.7.2.Monitoring of environment quality a. Periodical monitoring Ambient environmental quality monitoring program such as air, soil and water quality provides information that can be used to assess the effectiveness of pollution management strategies. A systematic planning process is recommended to ensure that the data collected are adequate for their intended purposes (and to avoid collecting unnecessary data). This process, sometimes referred to as a data quality objectives process, defines the purpose of collecting the data, the decisions to be made based on the data and the consequences of making an incorrect decision, the time and geographic boundaries, and the quality of data needed to make a correct decision. The ambient environmental quality monitoring program shall consider the following elements: -Monitoring parameters: The monitoring parameters selected should reflect the pollutants of concern associated with subproject processes. -Baseline calculations: Before the subproject is developed, baseline ambient environmental quality monitoring at and in the vicinity of the site should be undertaken to assess background levels of key pollutants, in order to differentiate between existing ambient conditions and subproject-related impacts. -Monitoring type and frequency: Data on ambient environmental quality generated through the monitoring program shall be representative of the pollutants emitted by the subproject over time. Monitoring frequency and duration may also range from continuous to less frequent, monthly, quarterly or yearly tests. -Monitoring locations: Ambient environmental quality monitoring may consists of off-site or fence line monitoring either by the subproject owner, DONRE, or by collaboration between both. The location of monitoring stations should be established based on the results of scientific methods and mathematical models to estimate potential impact to the receptors from an emissions source taking into consideration such aspects as the location of potentially affected communities. -Sampling and analysis methods: Monitoring programs should apply national or international methods for sample collection and analysis, such as those published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Sampling shall be conducted by, or under, the supervision of trained individuals. Analysis shall be conducted by entities permitted or certified for this purpose. Sampling and analysis Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA/QC) plans shall be applied and documented to ensure that data quality is adequate for the intended data use (e.g., method detection limits are below levels of concern). Monitoring reports should include QA/QC documentation. Noise monitoring may be carried out for the purposes of establishing the existing ambient noise levels in the area of the proposed subproject, or for verifying operational phase noise levels. Noise monitoring programs should be designed and conducted by trained specialists. Typical monitoring periods should be sufficient for statistical analysis and may last 48 hours with the use of noise monitors that should be capable of logging data continuously over this time period, or hourly, or more frequently, as appropriate (or else cover differing time periods within several days, including weekday and weekend workdays). The type of acoustic indices recorded depends on the type of noise being monitored, as established by a noise expert. Monitors should be located approximately 1.5 m above the ground and no closer than 3 m to any reflecting surface (e.g., wall). In general, the noise level limit is represented by the background or ambient noise levels that would be present in the absence of noise source(s) under investigation. The details are shown in the table below: Table 51: Environmental monitoring plan during construction phase NO. Item Construction phase I Air environment, noise, vibration monitoring 1. Parameters TSP; SO2; CO; NOx, noise, vibration 2. Frequency Once/3months QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT; QCVN 3. Standards applied 27:2010/BTNMT 14 samples (dam construction or water intake culvert, 4. Monitoring location spillway) II Surface water quality monitoring 1. Parameters pH, DO, TSS, COD, BOD5, NH4+, Total Nitrogen, Total P, NO. Item Construction phase E.Coli, Total Coliform. 2. Frequency Once/3months 3. Standards applied QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT 14 samples (dam construction or water intake culvert, 4. Monitoring location spillway) No Item Construction phase III Domestic waste water monitoring pH, BOD5, TSS, TDS, sulfuric, amoni, Nitrate, plant and 1. Parameters animal grease, Surface Active Agents, phosphorus, coliform 2. Frequency Once/3months 3. Standards applied QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT 14 samples (dam construction or water intake culvert, 4. Monitoring location spillway) Monitoring responsibility: PPMU The construction schedule is 12 months. The sampling locations during construction coincide with the sampling locations during the ESIA study. During implementation, the environmental monitoring locations may be changed to be suitable for the specific circumstances. The detailed cost estimates are given in Appendixes. b. Incident monitoring The purpose of this monitoring is to assess the level of pollution to land and watercourse due to accidental discharge such as discharge of wastewater and waste oil into nearby watercourse and land and make a timely decision on pollution control which would help reduce environmental risks. An incident monitoring plan will be developed by CSC at the early stage of subproject implementation and submitted to PPMU for approval. This plan will identify the potential environmental risks due to accidental discharge of wastes such as wastewater and waste oil into nearby watercourse and land. The plan also defines manners to conduct this monitoring, such as competent personnel, equipment, monitoring locations and parameters, analysis method, dedicated laboratory, and cost estimates. 7.7.3.Dam safety monitoring Once the water is accumulated and the dams start operating, the dam owners are responsible for monitoring the dam safety. This task is done by qualified independent specialists who are not involved in the investigation, design, construction or operation of the dams. After the dams are in normal operation, the regular inspection stages take place, including safety inspection of the dams before and after annual flood season in accordance with Government Decree No. 72/2007/ND-CP on Dam Safety Management. 7.8. Estimated cost The estimated cost for the CESMP monitoring is given in the table below. The cost for implementing mitigation measures will be included in the construction costs. Table 52: Estimated cost for monitoring the implementation of ESMP and capacity building No. Items Cost (VND) 1 Monitoring the implementation of ESMP 256,449,600 2 Capacity building 672,000,000 3 Total 928,449,600 The community involvement in the ESIA implementation is voluntary for the benefit of the community and people themselves. Therefore, people participating in the CESMP monitoring will not be paid. However, in order to encourage the community participation, the cost of materials and tools should be allocated to the monitoring activities to support selected community members to participate in the monitoring. According to Decision No.80/2005/QD- TTg dated 18/4/2005 by the Prime Minister on the Regulation on Investment Community Supervision and the Joint Circular guiding the implementation of Decision No.80/2005/QD- TTg: "The cost of investment community supervision in the communes/wards is included in the estimated cost of the budget of the Fatherland Front at the commune level and deducted from the commune/district budget and financial support for dissemination, training courses, guidelines, preliminary and final reports. The provincial and district levels will reimburse from the cost estimate of the Front Fatherland at the provincial/district levels, which is deducted from the provincial budget". The table below summaries the funding flow for the environmental quality monitoring and capacity building during the implementation of Quang Nam Province Subproject. Table 53: Funding sources for monitoring the ESMP Items Cost Source (a) Mitigation measures implementation Included in construction cost WB during construction (b) Monitoring of safeguard policies Included in construction supervision WB compliance during construction consultant’s cost (c) Safeguard policies management by Included in PPMU operation cost Counterpart PPMU fund (d) Monitoring of the environmental Cost for renting environmental WB quality monitoring (e) Safeguard capacity building Capacity building WB Table 54. Summary of mitigation measures Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency Pre-construction Clearing • Only clearing Sub-project area Compensation Affected PPC, DPCs, vegetation on the vegetation and site clearance homeowners CPCs temporarily and on the defined cost permanently area. Utilizing acquired land plant waste as a raw material or fuel • Collecting unused plant waste and transporting to a local landfill. • Repopulating the vegetation as soon as possible to maintain the landscape, microclimate and local habitats. Land Law No. The WB8 Project The main problem The entire Estimated cost for DPCs, CPCs PPMU and local 45/2013/QH13, in Quang Nam in this period is subproject area to implementation of communities relevant decrees Province is the compensation, be affected RAP is and circulars expected to affect support and 3,206,270,160 land and property resettlement for VNĐ on land and trees people affected by of 104 households land, housing, in 15 communes in income and Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency the project area property. (including 87 Implementation of affected compensation for households on site clearance will land, 08 comply with the households are updated affected on trees, resettlement plan 07 households are of the project. affected on This includes aquaculture compensation / activities, 02 support costs for households are land, structures, affected on affected by the relocation of project, and graves) income restoration program, transitional support, monitoring and evaluation, implementation and contingency cost Ensuring the safe QCVN Risks from mines The entire Demining cost The military unit PPMU distance and 01:2012/BQP subproject area to under Military warnings for QCVN be affected Zone V people during the 02:2008/BCT implementation in Circular accordance with No.146/2007/TT- QCV 01: BQP 2012/BQP - Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency National technical regulation on clearance of explosive ordnance and QCVN 02: 2008/BCT- National regulation on safety in transporting, preserving, using and destroying industrial explosive material Groundwater After drilling for The entire QCVN 09-MT: 2015 Cost for setting FS Consultant PPMU contamination due geological subproject area to up FS to geological exploration, the be affected drilling design surveyor will refill drill holes to minimize the effect of rinsing dirt into the boreholes that affects the quality of underground water. Construction phase Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency general •Environ mental PPMU, CSC, The All affected Laws, decrees, Included in the Contractor independent environmental and Practices subproject areas circulars and current construction costs monitoring social negative (ECOP) include national technical impacts are related •Measures to consultant of construction regulations Guiding the CMPU, to construction mitigate specific sites, transport to the Environment, Provincial activities and impacts routes, material Health and Safety of Department of specific impacts mines the World Bank Natural Group Resources and Environment, local communities, Operational phase Official Letter Risk of drowning -Equipping Reservoir area Operating costs of Dam owners Department of No.5675/BGDDT- warning signs the reservoirs Agricultural and GDTC dated 30 and dangerous Rural November 2017 warning systems Development on dams and reservoirs. -Disseminating risk of drowning to the community along the reservoirs Domestic waste -Limiting Reservoir area Decree No. Operating costs of Dam owners Department of from activities of activities that 38/2015/ND-CP the reservoirs Agricultural and reservoir operators generate solid Rural and visitors waste and Development Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency wastewater -No littering -Waste must be collected and transported to the local landfill -Waste water must be collected into the settling pit before being discharged into the external environment -If the reservoir operator is present, the septic tanks should be built Repair and -Informing Reservoir area Decree Operating costs of Dam owners Department of maintenance can downstream and downstream No.72/2007/ND- CP the reservoirs Agricultural and lead to reduction people of the area Rural of downstream annual repair and Development water maintenance plan -Performing periodic maintenance and repairs during the shortest period of Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency time -Informing downstream people of the annual repair and maintenance plan -Performing periodic maintenance and repairs during the shortest period of time Increase • Collaborate with Entire subproject Guide book for Annual training Districts and DARD production land agricultural area implementation of cost communes in and crop season facilitating IPM subproject area agencies to ensure that farmers are trained on sustainable farming methods, pest management; • Construction of pits to collect pesticide shells, fertilizer containers away from reservoirs and flooded Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency areas; or suggest that people collect these wastes, not throw them away in the fields and canals. • Environmentally friendly and bio- pesticides must be given priority. • Pesticides that are less toxic, less stable in the environment, and more selective must be used. • The type of pesticide, the use and duration of use must be appropriate to reduce the amount of spraying, the amount of pesticides and pollution to the environment and plants. Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency Operating -Preparing an Reservoir area Decree Operating cost of Dam owners Department of reservoirs and emergency and downstream No.72/2007/ND- CP the reservoir Agricultural and discharging flood response plan as area Rural in case of big part of the dam Development floods affecting safety report. downstream -The management and operation units should promptly and accurately announce the flood discharge plans so that the communities may take initiative in grasping and responding. -In times of insecurity such as the rainy season, people -Preparing an emergency response plan as part of the dam safety report. -The management and operation units should promptly and accurately Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency announce the flood discharge plans so that the communities may take initiative in grasping and responding. -In times of insecurity such as the rainy season, people Disaster risks lead • Regularly check Reservoir and 72/2007/NĐ-CP Operating cost of Dam owners Department of to unsafe for seepage and downstream area the reservoir Agricultural and maintain head Rural works. Development • Regularly monitor and check subsidence monitoring system. • Comply with Decree No. 114/2018/NĐ- CP dated 04/09/2018 on dam safety management. • Develop regulation Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency scheme annually and long - term which is suitable to abnormal weather condition • Regularly disseminating safety regulations to people, organizing timely announcements and evacuation in case of big flood discharge. • The reservoir operator should continuously inform the regulation regime of the reservoir in the flood season. • Utilizing all available human resources and means to respond to a dam failure incident: (i) Promptly Phase Environmental Mitigation Location Applied Standards Mitigation Costs Implementing Monitoring and Social Issues Measures Agency Agency informing people about the disaster situation; (ii) Relocation of people and assets when the risk of dam failure is forecasted; (iii) Arrange human and material resources to be ready for rescue work… • Strengthening the direction of state management agencies, working closely with other organizations and individuals in the prevention and rescue of dam failure. CHAPTER 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 8.1. Objective and method In the process of environmental and social impact assessment, the community consultation and environmental information disclosure is required to ensure consensus among local authorities, local NGOs and affected communities in the subproject area. The community participation is one of the basic conditions to ensure the support of local authorities and communities to the Subproject and to put forward views and opinions in the report. Through community consultation, undesirable environmental impacts are identified and mitigation measures can be documented and included in the environmental and social impact assessment. In fact, if the community commented early in the project preparation process, the relationship between the community and the project staff became more intimate. Based on that, the community can contribute valuable opinions to the Subproject. Purpose of public consultation The consultation with local authorities and affected people in the subproject area at the stage of preparation and implementation of environmental management plan, Environment and Social Impact Assessment Reports will provide necessary information to better understand the Subproject, impacts of the implementation, and possible preventive and mitigation measures to the community and the surrounding environment, specifically: -Clarify the issues discussed at the beginning of the Subproject; -Notify benefits to be gained when the Subproject is implemented; -Point out responsibilities and awareness of the parties, beneficiary people in the subproject area during the implementation; -Encourage the community participation in identifying environmental impacts of the Subproject. -Gather information about the needs and responses of local people and local authorities regarding the subproject construction and proposals to mitigate its environmental impacts or to consider adjustments during the technical design. -The World Bank's policy (OP/BP 4.01) on Environmental Assessment requires that affected groups and local non-governmental organizations must receive notification and consultation during the preparation of the social and environmental impact assessment. The community consultation during the preparation of the ESIA report of Quang Nam Province Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Subproject meets the World Bank's safeguard requirements and the requirements of Decree No.18/2015/ND-CP dated 14/02/2015 of the Government and Circular No.27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29/05/2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental assessment, environment impact assessment and environmental protection plan. The community consultation provides opportunities for affected people to participate in all project implementation stages. Feedback from the consultations will be considered and incorporated into the design of construction measures and mitigation measures of the Subproject. The consultation will be conducted during the implementation process as a necessary condition to address arising issues in the subproject implementation such as environmental and social impacts. The community consultation includes the following groups: -Representatives of villages/villages which may be affected; -Representatives of affected households, communities living near the construction site which may be affected; -Representatives of People's Committees at all levels; -Representatives of mass organizations, Women's Unions, Farmers’ Unions … Basic principle of public consultation Facilitate the participation of affected people and local authorities in the subproject area as soon as possible; The WB8 Subproject in Quang Nam Province conducted 2 community consultation -First time: Shortly after the environmental screening is completed and before the TOR for the ESIA is finalized. -Second time: After the draft ESIA report is prepared. Different methods and techniques are applied in the community consultations, consultations with affected people in the subproject area, including: -Community meetings; -Household surveys Focus group discussions, field monitoring and interviews with key informants: The use of these methods and techniques is intended to increase the reliability and validity of feedbacks from the stakeholders, particularly affected people and ensure that (i) affected people get full information about the Subproject; and (ii) all affected people are involved in the process of free consultation, prior notification and full information during the preparation and implementation process. 8.2. Consultation process Quang Nam Province Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Subproject, according to the World Bank’s policies (OP/BP 4.01) on environmental impact assessment, requires 02 times of community consultations. The Environmental Consultant Unit has worked closely with the PPMU, local authorities and communities in the affected area to conduct community consultation to meet the WB requirements According to the preliminary design report of the Subproject, there are 14 reservoirs located at 7 districts: Nui Thanh, Phu Ninh, Tien Phuoc, Que Son, Thang Binh, Dai Loc and Duy Xuyen. Prior to the consultations in each commune and residential area, the PPMU organized joint meetings in the province and districts to introduce and collect comments from DARD, DOC, DONRE, DPI, ... and the specialized departments of Nui Thanh, Phu Ninh, Tien Phuoc, Que Son, Thang Binh, Dai Loc va Duy Xuyen about the Subproject. At the consultation meeting in each commune, the Consultant introduced an overview of the Subproject, identified residential areas/groups in the subproject area, collected information on local environmental sanitation, discussed potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures, developed and coordinated with the local authorities in the consultation in the subproject areas. At the same time, the Consultant send written requests for consultations with concerned agencies. The effective participatory plan of consultation process was developed and implemented with the participation of all affected people and stakeholders, which is an important part of the Subproject. This process identified beneficiary and affected people. The Consultant applied professional works and directly participated at site to collect information about community feedback on the proposed subproject components during the implementation and monitoring. During this period, community consultation meetings were held in 15 communes with the participation of the following stakeholders: -Representatives of local authorities from 15 communes/towns in the subproject area; -Departments and unions: Father Front, Women's Union, Youth’s Union, Farmer's Union... -Representatives of households in the subproject area, including those whose land is possibly acquired and beneficiaries. Issues that the Environmental Consultant raised for discussion include: -Introduction about the subproject items and components; -Review of local socio-economic status; -Current status of technical and social infrastructure in residential areas: electricity, roads, schools, health stations; irrigation canal system, ... -Screening/evaluating potential impacts which likely occur in the subproject preparation, construction and operation phases which may affect the environment, society, culture of local people; -Community consultation on mitigation measures. The direct consultation process at the communities and in the commune/town people's committees was held from 15/03/2018-25/5/2018. The letters issued by Quang Nam PPMU were sent for local authorities regarding the community consultation for the preparation of the Environmental Social Impact Assessment report In the process of completion of the Subproject’s the Environmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), the PPMU sent letters to the CPCs to consult with the local authorities, the Fatherland Front, mass organizations and local communities on the content of the ESIA. 8.2.1.Brief description of consultation process at commune/town level and mass organization Follow the instructions of Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated May 29, 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment detailing a number of articles of Decree 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 of the Government stipulating regulations environmental protection plan, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan, consultation with ward, commune and town People's Committees is carried out in the form of sending official letters with summary of environmental impact assessment reports for comments. In order to carry out consultations with the People's Committees of communes and organizations directly affected by the subproject, the Subproject owner has collaborated with the consultant to consult the representatives of the People's Committees of communes and organizations directly affected by the project on environmental issues and environmental protection measures. Up to now, the project owner has received feedback from 15 communes in the subproject area. The representative of the project owner and the EIA report preparation consultant had a working session with representatives of 15 commune People's Committees from March 15, 2018 - May 25, 2018. Participated parties: -Local government: Chairman/Vice Chairman of Commune People’s Committee; -Civil society: Fatherland Front Committee, Women Union, Farmer Association -Officials of Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Agriculture, cadastral officers, officers of Commune People's Committee, representatives of households affected or adjacent to the construction site. Consultation content: -For Project owner and Consultant +Inform brief information of subproject (purpose of construction, construction scale, construction progress, negative impacts to community health, environment and socio-economic conditions that may occur when implementing the subproject…); +Provide measures to be applied to mitigate the negative impacts +Provide mitigation measures for sensitive works; +Commit to fully implement pollution mitigation measures; +Consult with local authorities; -For People’s Committees of communes in subproject area: +Give comments and feedbacks on the implementation of the subproject and preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment. +Response to Document No 268/BQLNNPTNT-WB8 of the Project Owner on asking for opinions on Environmental Impact Assessment of the Subproject. People’s Committee of communes are responsible to send a response Document. Subsequent consultations were carried out in the process of finalizing the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report of Quang Nam Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project, PPMU sent official letters to the People's Committee of communes to consult local authorities, unions and communities about the content of the ESIA. The report states the design of the construction, construction items, scale, environmental and social impacts that may occur as well as measures to mitigate impacts during the preparation, construction and operation phases at 14 reservoirs. After reading the ESIA report, the representative of the local government gave feedback to the PPMU, stating the comments of the authorities, mass organizations and communities about the impacts and reduction measures minimally appropriate for the environment and society. 8.2.2 Summary of consultations with community directly affected by Subproject The subproject owner and the EIA report Consultant organized a community consultation meeting for 15 communes under the direct impact of the construction at the hall of the People's Committee of the commune or village hall from the March 15, 2018 - May 25, 2018 (consultations are held publicly). ➢ Content of the meeting During the consultation process, the Subproject owner collaborated with the Environmental Consultant to implement: -Disseminate information on the subproject's items (construction purpose, scale of construction items, construction progress, negative impacts that may arise when implementing the Project ....) so that the local government and people can understand the situation, the benefits and negative impacts when implementing the Project. After that, the Owner presented the mitigation measures to be applied. -People give opinions on the implementation of the Project, positive and negative impacts affecting people's daily life and production; propose comments on mitigation measures. -The comments of the authorities, social organizations as well as local people are openly received and recorded in full documents (Minutes of consultation with the community affected directly by the Project is attached in the Appendix of the report) -Consultation meetings in communes are organized as follows: Table 55: Organize consultations with the local community affected by the subproject Method Description of activities Sending Date of dispatching 9/3/2018 official official letter letter and Date of meeting Tam Nghia commune, Nui Thanh meetings district. 19/4/2018 Tam Dan commune, Phu Ninh district 20/3/2018 Tien Canh commune, Tien Phuoc district 23/3/2018 Tien Son commune, Tien Phuoc district 26/3/2018 Tam My Tay commune, Nui Thanh district 23/4/2018 Que Long Commune, Que Son District 4/4/2018 Binh Lanh commune, Thang Binh district 29/3/2018 Tam Hiep commune, Nui Thanh 16/4/2018 district 24/5/2018 Duy Thu commune, Duy Xuyen district 9/4/2018 Dai Tan commune, Dai Loc district 13/4/2018 Dai Chanh commune, Dai Loc district 26/4/2018 Que Phu Commune, Que Son District 3/4/2018 Que Xuan 2 commune, Que Son district 3/4/2018 Duy Phu commune, Duy Xuyen district 10/4/2018 Tam Anh Nam Commune 25/5/2018 Attached minutes Yes Community Date Same date with consultation with local government meeting Venue Commune People's Committees or at village cultural house halls Participants Affected people, beneficiaries, village and hamlet representatives, and local government representatives Invitation method Through the commune's public communication mean (the village chief informs the households). The Women's Union invited representatives of commune and village women to attend the meeting Plan for meeting Yes Minute of meeting Yes Number of participants Tam Nghia commune, Nui Thanh district. 48 Tam Dan commune, Phu Ninh district 34 Tien Canh commune, Tien Phuoc district 13 Tien Son commune, Tien Phuoc district 27 Method Description of activities Tam My Tay commune, Nui Thanh district 53 Que Long Commune, Que Son District 51 Binh Lanh commune, Thang Binh district 27 Tam Hiep commune, Nui Thanh district 29 Duy Thu commune, Duy Xuyen district 21 Dai Tan commune, Dai Loc district 15 Dai Chanh commune, Dai Loc district 18 Que Phu Commune, Que Son District 22 Que Xuan 2 commune, Que Son district 12 Duy Phu commune, Duy Xuyen district 39 Tam Anh Nam Commune 17 Public consultation - Tien Son commune Public consultation - Tien Son commune Public consultation - Que Phu commune Public consultation - Que Xuan 2 Public consultation - Duy Thu Commune Public consultation - Duy Phu commune Public consultation - Tam Hiep commune Public consultation - Tam Nghia commune Public consultation - Que Long Commune Public consultation - Dai Tan Commune Public consultation - Tam My Tay Public consultation - Tam My Tay Public consultation - Tien Canh commune Public consultation - Tien Canh commune Public consultation - Dai Chanh commune Public consultation - Binh Lanh commune 8.3. Public consultation result 8.3.1.Comment of commune People’s Committee and organizations under direct impact of subproject After reviewing the environmental impact assessment report of the subproject, People's Committee of 15 communes in the subproject area, Quang Nam province has the following comments: ➢ Comments on negative impacts of the subproject on environment and socio-economic condition Local government understand clearly positive and negative impacts on environment of the sub project, such as: -Dust, exhaust gas and noise caused by material transportation, excavation, backfilling activities and repair, upgrade of construction items -Wastewater and domestic waste due to daily activities of workers. -Construction waste (rock, cement, excess iron ...) in the process of repairing and upgrading construction items. -Hazardous waste due to maintenance of construction equipment and waste oil. -Interruption of irrigation water supply activities due to repair of water intake culverts... -Risks, occupational safety, traffic safety ... during construction. Negative impacts only take place in a short time and the effect is negligible. However, project owners need to comply with environmental protection measures to minimize negative impacts ➢ Comments on mitigation measures of the subproject Measures to minimize negative impacts on the soil, water, air and socio-economic conditions, mentioned in the report are relatively specific, clear and highly feasible. Some key measures like: -Watering, covering materials during transportation; -Construction of water intake at the end of the dry season, when the people does not need to use water. At the same time, the project still arranges construction flow or irrigation water supply when necessary. -Detailed notification of construction progress of each construction item to local authorities and people. -Waste water and garbage are collected and transported to the gathering area -Make the most of available local labor. ➢ Recommendations for the Subproject owner Local authorities expressed their support and expect the project items to be implemented soon. These investment items are of great significance to contribute to ensuring the safety of the project, and at the same time providing sufficient stable water for production for downstream areas of the project. Local authorities suggest subproject owners in the process of developing and implementing projects need to: Strictly and fully implementing measures and solutions to minimize negative impacts of the project on the natural environment, socio-economic conditions and community health Coordinate with localities in the management of demographics and household registration. 8.3.2.Opinions from local community under direct impacts of subproject After listening to the presentation of the project owner about the content of the EIA report at the community consultation meeting, the community directly affected by the project gave the following opinions: ➢ About negative impacts on environment and socio-economic conditions During site clearance and construction phase, the natural environment will be affected simultaneously by the activities of workers, gathering of workers will cause adverse impacts such as disturbing social order, traffic insecurity. However, the Project Owner has committed to implement measures to minimize the impacts on the natural environment and socio-economic conditions. All households participated in the meeting highly agreed with the implementation of the subproject, and understood the importance of the project Community agreed to proceed, however, the Subproject needs to consider environmental impacts that may affect the community and propose measures to minimize the impacts: -Compensation and support for people when acquiring land and property on land. -During site clearance process, it is not allowed to dump waste outside the scope of subproject implementation. -Promptly notify affected people or the ones at risk of being affected by the construction process and provide adequate support to the locals. -Covering, spraying water during transportation of materials. -Ensuring irrigation water for the locals during construction process. Ensuring security, social order during construction phase. Conducing temporary residence registration for construction workers -Restoring original environmental conditions of temporarily acquired land area. -During operational phase, it needs to ensure sufficient and timely water supply for crop season of locals. ➢ About mitigation measures for environmental impacts of the subProject The affected community agrees with the mitigation measures that the subproject owner stated in the environmental impact assessment report. However, subproject owners need to strictly implement the mentioned mitigation measures. ➢ Recommendation for the subproject owner Construction activities need to be implemented quickly and neatly to minimize negative impacts on the environment and socio-economic conditions. At the same time, it is recommended that the Subproject owner should strictly implement mitigation measures as committed in the Environmental Impact Assessment Report. In case of incidents causing environmental pollution, affecting people's lives and agricultural production, the subproject owner will be responsible for compensating for damages to the people During the implementation of the subproject, it needs to regularly communicate with the locals on negative impacts to the environment that may happen, so that the local people can collaborate to response. This subproject brings about many benefits to many people, however, there are some people affected directly during land acquisition and construction activities. Thus, to the communes, households which lose their production land, vegetable land due to the project, the subproject owner need to publicly and transparently implement compensation and support as prescribed, ensuring equality to affected households Following are opinions of the local people for each reservoir Table 56: Public consultation results by reservoir No. Reservoir Summary of community consultation 1 Dap Da -Agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -Dam Da Reservoir is far from residential areas, so the construction activities will not have a big impact on the environment. -Some households have planted trees on the dam area, if the project reclaims these land, they need to compensate the people -Currently, irrigation water in the Summer-Autumn crop is insufficient, so people propose to raise the dam surface elevation to increase storage capacity, ensuring irrigation water for downstream areas in the dry season -The construction of intake culverts after the Summer-Autumn crop (expected after July 15) does not significantly affect the production activities of the people 2 Ho Lau -Agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -Currently, around the access road to Ho Lau Reservoir, there is a lot of dust due to many means of transportation, so if transporting materials through this route, it is necessary to take water spraying measures to avoid generating dust to roadside residential areas. In addition there are no significant environmental and social impacts due to the construction area is far away from residential areas. -Proposing to improve reservoir capacity through raising dam elevation. 3 Da Vach -Agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -Impacts such as noise, dust, waste or workers from other places do not cause much impact on people in the subproject area. No. Reservoir Summary of community consultation -The time of construction of the intake culvert should be in the period from August to the end of the New Year -Should study more about the options for exploiting backfilling soil for dams, which can be taken from Hamlet 5, only 2km from the dam instead of 8km as expected in Hamlet 1. 4 Thang Loi -People agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -There are no significant social and environmental impacts due to the construction area is away from residential areas -Proposing to expand the reservoir, increasing storage capacity for the dry season. In addition, it is recommended to take backfilling soil in areas near the reservoir to minimize environmental impacts. -Proposing renovation of old ditches to improve irrigation efficiency -Construction time of the water intake culvert should be calculated to avoid affecting the season -Opinion of the Comander of the 885th Infantry Regiment - management unit of land around Thang Loi Reservoir: The 885th Infantry Regiment agreed with the policy of the State and willing to fully support the construction contractors to implement. Besides, the Regiment proposed to build more gates to the dam area to facilitate the management of the Regiment 5 Ho May -People agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -Proposing to dredge reservoirs bed to increase storage capacity for irrigation in the dry season, and using dredged land to make materials for backfilling therefrom do not affect other land -The area under the dam foot is severely affected by flooding, which gets muddy when heavy rainfall occurs (about 5ha). It is suggested that appropriate measures should be taken to solve this problem -Exhaust and dust impacts are very small because the reservoir is located far from residential areas (there are few people near the lake area) -It needs to have compensation, supports policies to affected households -Local people usually tranport forestry products on dam crest, so it needs to have further plan regarding this issue after upgrading the dam. -Water in the reservoir should be used for clean water supply projects 6 Dong -People agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject Nhon -Need to dredge the reservoir bed due to sedimentation, then dump the dredged mud away -The soil type in the conveying canal has a high permeability, so there are much water loss and the flow is unrealiable. There should be appropriate measures -Construction time should avoid the peak hours for life activities of the lcoal people such as at noon and evening -The service road is short in length, thus would not create any issues 7 Ho Trau -People agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -Construction time should avoid the peak hours for life activities of the lcoal people -There are many manufacturing companies located in the area, the dust and noise pollution, therefore, are still happening -More than 10 hectares in Bau Truc have no irrigation water due to damage to the canal (it must use pump to pump water). Repairing water channels is proposed -Construction time of intake culvert at the end of summer-autumn season is reasonable and does not affect production activities of the people -The canal system has been filled due to the construction of a highway and it is proposed to clean up the channel. No. Reservoir Summary of community consultation 8 Hoc Bau -Local people agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -Proposing to dredge reservoir bed to increase storage capacity due to the fact that the water in the reservoir is only enough for one crop season. During the summer-autumn season, fields which are far from the reservoir often do not have irrigation water -Local civil defense forces have stocked fish in the reservoir, so it is necessary to have compensation and support policies -Construction time of intake culvert in July is reasonable without affecting production and fish farming. -Propose to renovate deteriorated canals. 9 Huong -Local people agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject Mao -Inhabitants of Que Phu commune proposed to open a road from QL1A to the reservoir for better access to and more convenience for management and operation of the reservoir -It is proposed to dredge the reservoir to increase storage capacity for irrigation during dry season 10 Ho Giang -Local people agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -Construction time in September and October is appropriate without affecting to production activities and lives of local community -The locations planned to take backfilling soil from have been under process to be exploit, in which Nam Nhai mine is under management of Que Long PC, while Hon Quanh mine is being given to Phu Chau company to exploit. Therefore, it does not affect production activities of the local people e Hoc Ket -Local people agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -The transport of rock and soil does not have a big impact on the environment -Proposing to dredge reservoir bed to increase storage capacity to serve 2 crop seasons 12 Ho Chinh -Local people agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -At present, the dam banks are heavily eroded, and the lake bed is deposited -Propose to dredge reservoir bed to increase storage capacity for irrgiation -Propose to construct different access road to be more convenient for transportation and operation -At present, there is a ‘bay bar’ separting the reservoir, therefore, it needs to have measures to remove this. -The reservoir is under management of Dai Tan commune. However, service road and beneficiaries and affected people are in Dai Chanh commune 13 Cao Ngan -Local people agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -People agree with expected impacts on environment and society -Proposing the subproject owner to quickly implement the project to bring benefits to the people and at the same time take appropriate measures to compensate for the affected crops 14 Thai Xuan -Local people agree with the policy and construction items of the subproject -Need to inform the implementation schedule for the Government and local people before implementing the project -Adequate compensation and support for affected people -Strictly and fully implementing environmental protection solutions.. -Ensure uninterrupted water source for irrigating downstream areas 8.4. Responses and commitments of the Subproject owner After two consultation meeting, receiving comments from representatives of local authorities, representatives of the population community directly affected by the subproject, the subprojet owner would like to take up comments from local authorities and the community and commit to implement the following contents and be integrated in the ESIA report content: -Implement the subproject according to the approved content; -Compensation for affected people in accordance with the policies of the State, Province and Donors. -Strictly and fully implementing environmental protection solutions in the process of construction and operation, without affecting environmental quality as well as the health of people and workers. -Ensure that it does not affect water supply for crops of local people during the construction process. -Prioritizing the recruitment of local workers, contributing to reducing the local unemployment rate. -Coordinate with localities in managing workers on construction sites, fully implement environmental management plans, resettlement plans, and other relevant documents according to law -Coordinate closely with local authorities, supervisory agencies, and scientific research agencies to implement measures to minimize environmental impacts and promptly solve problems arising throughout Subproject construction and operation process. -The project owner will apply appropriate construction measures at each construction site to reduce impacts to travelling of people, domestic water supply and production activities of households near the project site. -Restore buildings or infrastructures damaged by subproject implementation. 8.5. Information dissemination The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Sub-project in Quang Nam Province complies with the World Bank's policies and regulations of the Government of Vietnam. Specifically, the subproject information is publicly disclosed. - Draft report on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, Resettlement Action Plan have been sent to affected people and local NGOs for review and comment before organizing public consultation meetings. - It is expected that in December 2018, the final report on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in Vietnamese language will be published on the project website, and at the office of the People's Committee of the communes in the sub-project to ensure easy access for affected people and local NGOs. The English version of the report will be disclosed on the WB’s external website before subproject appraisal. CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND COMMITMENT 1. CONCLUSION The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Sub - Project in Quang Nam Province will contribute to: (i) Ensuring dam safety in the rainy season; (ii) Improve the effectiveness of irrigation reservoirs; (iii) Provide stable irrigation water for agricultural activities. At the same time, the subproject improves the management of irrigation works; upgrade and improve the system of irrigation works towards modernization and being able to withstand natural disasters; and deploy the subsidence monitoring system. The sub-project is in line with the political, economic, cultural and social development conditions of Quang Nam province. This is a project with high feasibility and high socio-economic efficiency in line with the policy of infrastructure development investment of the State of Vietnam in general and Quang Nam province in particular. The subproject’s environmental and social impact assessment report has identified and quantified most waste sources; proposing practical and feasible measures to minimize environmental impacts, ensuring effective treatment of waste sources. The report has developed an environmental monitoring and management program that is suitable for each phase of the subproject and focuses specifically on environmental incidents, during construction and operation phase. The subproject environmental and social impact assessment report clearly shows that some issues must be strictly controlled during the operation with the following specific characteristics: -Ensure to provide reasonable compensation and support to stabilize living conditions for affected households in accordance with the current compensation policies of the State and Donors -Ensure to review and eliminate of unexploded ordnance after the war before handing over construction sites to contractors -Domestic and construction solid wastes are gathered, collected, transported and treated according to current regulations; -Strictly control the signs of environmental pollution from controlling pollution sources and the surrounding environment; -Assurance of criteria for labor safety and environmental sanitation; -Ensure regional traffic safety. Other impacts in the subproject area are not serious because there are no historical relics and ecosystems are not complicated as well as there are no rare and endemic species of animals and plants that need strict protection. The Environmental and Social Management Plan will be strictly implemented by the subProject Owner. The objectives of Environmental and Social Management Plan are: Strict management and restriction of environmental change in a bad way; maximizing the positive impacts of the project. 2. RECOMMENDATION In order to ensure that subprojects are put into operation quickly, the subprojet owner requests the World Bank to review and approve ESIA report so that the Subproject owner can continue to implement the next steps of the subproject to ensure the investment schedule of the subproject. The subprojet owner requests functional agencies to coordinate with the Subproject owner to monitor and resolve environmental issues arising during the construction and operation of the project to ensure environmental safety and promote economic benefits of the project. Local governments coordinate with each other in propagating and mobilizing local people to support the project and raise community awareness about environmental protection during implementation and after the subproject is completed. The mitigation measures mentioned in the Environmental and Social Management Plan will be established as an integral part of the Bidding Documents. The contractor will do breakdown of the workload and give the total cost for the implementation of the above mitigation measures. This cost is considered to be the cost of implementing the environmental safety policy and will be paid when the mitigation measures committed by the Contractor have been implemented effectively. 3. COMMITMENT ➢ General commitment The subproject Owner is committed to complying with Vietnamese laws on environmental protection: the 2014 Environmental Protection Law, Law and legal documents (Decree No.18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 by the Government on environmental assessment, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan; Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated April 24, 2015 on waste and waste management;...) and World Bank's safeguard policy in project implementation. The subproject owner commits to comply with measures to minimize the negative impacts of the project on the environment in the process of preparing for construction, construction and operation according to the content of this report. Activities of the subproject under the supervision of the environmental management authorities of Quang Nam DONRE and relevant authorities to ensure the subproject development and environmental protection. The subproject owner is committed to publicizing the ESIAto the public for monitoring compliance with environmental protection measures set forth in the approved ESIA report. ➢ Commitment to comply with environmental standards and regulations The subprojet owner commits to strictly comply with environmental standards and regulations: -Gas emission: In accordance with Vietnam standards - National technical regulation on ambient air quality -Wastewater: Commitments to implement necessary mitigation measures and to properly operate waste water treatment system in accordance with QCVN 14:2008 / BTNMT (collumn B): National technical regulation on domestic wastewater -Noise: Noise control in accordance with QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise; -Solid and hazardous waste: Solid waste is collected and properly treated to ensure no drop down and contact with the surrounding environment to ensure environmental hygiene requirements and regulations in Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated April 24, 2015 of the Government on waste and scrap management and Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2015 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment on hazardous waste management. ➢ Commitment on environmental management and pollution control Environmental management and environmental pollution control will be a top priority in construction and operation; The subprojet owner is committed to cooperating with functional agencies in the process of designing, building and operating the environmental protection and treatment system; During the operation period, the subproject owner commits to implement the environmental pollution management and control programs in the subproject area as mentioned in this report and periodically report to the Quang Nam DONRE. The subprojet owner commits to compensate and overcome environmental pollution in case of environmental incidents and risks caused by project implementation; The subprojet owner commits to complete the proposed project, especially to complete the environmental treatment works after the ESIA report is approved. /. 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