Public Disclosure Authorized SFG1915 Environmental Analysis and Management Plan EAMP for the Sustainable Land and Water Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL REPORT SAL C L POB GP A J SAL C L E P A Table of Contents List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………. iii List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………….. iii LIST OF ACRONYMS IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY V INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND SCOPE OF WORK PURPOSE OF THE EAMP DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT C M G T S S G H BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT E F F R E S W A M SOCIO CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT T P O C R D R E L T DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT PROPOSED PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES PROJECT DESCRIPTION P C IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT PRINCIPLES POLICY LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS NATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK T P R S G GPRS I II N E R P WORLD BANK SAFE GUARDS POLICIES EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK T C R G T S L A T L S W A W R C WRC A A L C A A F C A A E P A A A L G A A G N F S A PROJECT ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK P M O I C A ASSESSMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY AND PROJECT APPROVAL NEEDS INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS CAPACITY AND NEEDS E P A W R C F C G N F S D A C CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS AWARENESS CREATION POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND THEIR MITIGATION NEGATIVE LIST OF ACTIVITIES WHICH CANNOT BE SUPPORTED BY THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING COMPONENT SCREENING CLEARANCE AND MONITORING RESPONSIBILITIES ENVIRONMENT TRAINING AND SENSITIZATION C B I C S P MONITORING INDICATORS CONSULTATION REFERENCES ANNEXES EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A List of Figures FIGURE MAP OF GHANA SHOWING PROJECT REGIONS AND FOREST RESERVES List of Tables TABLE SUMMARY OF LEGAL REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK TABLE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BENEFITS AND ISSUES OF SLWM ACTIVITIES TABLE MITIGATION MEASURES FOR KEY POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS ISSUES OF SLWM TECHNOLOGIES TABLE POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION FOR SPILLWAY DYKE CREATION TABLE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME AND PROPOSED BUDGET FOR EAMP IMPLEMENTATION TABLE MONITORING RESPONSIBILITIES EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A L A AAGD Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Development Strategy CREMAS Community Resources Management Areas CWO Community Wildlife Officer DA District Assembly DAO District Agricultural Officer DCE District Chief Executive DEMC District Environmental Management Committee DPCU District Planning Coordinating Unit EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency EAMP Environmental and Social Management Framework FC Forestry Commission GDP Gross Domestic Product GECCA Ghana Environmental Conventions Coordinating Authority GEF Global Environmental Facilities GPRS Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy GPRS Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy IDA International Development Agency IDA Irrigation Development Authority IPM Integrated Pest Management LEA Limited Environment Assessment LI Legislative Instrument M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MDA Ministry Departments and Agency MEST Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology MLNR Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources MoFA Ministry of Food and Agriculture NGO- Non-Governmental Organisation NSBCP Northern Savanna Biodiversity Conservation Project NSLMC National Sustainable Land Management Committee PAC Project Advisory Committee PAS Protected Area System PPE Personal Protection Equipment RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SADA Savanna Accelerated Development Authority SEA- Strategic Environmental Assessment SOP Social Opportunities Project TA Technical Assistant TOR Terms of Reference TCO Technical Coordination Office UER/ UWR Upper East Region/Upper West Region WD Wildlife Division WRC Water Resources Commission EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Executive summary The implementation of the Sustainable Land and Water Management (SLWM) Project will present a comprehensive approach to sustainable land and watershed management that combines soft and hard investments at the community level, including maintenance of ecological infrastructure, with planning activities which would eventually integrate these into a much larger program of water and flood management infrastructure across the Northern Savanna eco- agricultural zone. The project will be implemented in the three northern regions (Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions) of Ghana. The project aims to support this important initiative to realize the vision of “a diversified and resilient economic zone in the north” with significant regional environmental benefits by; piloting innovative models for grassroots watershed management which combine flood, land & natural resource management, and providing technical tools and capacity for macro-level planning as a basis for eventual scale-up linked to a program of larger-scale flood and water management investments. The project in structured to achieve its objectives within four integral components. They are Capacity building for integral spatial planning; Water and Land Management; Payment for Environmental Services; and Project Management and Monitoring and Evaluation. The purpose of this EAMP is to provide clear and systematic guidelines to ensure that environmental and social sustainability of the GEF-SLWM funded sub-projects are achieved through application of safeguards measures on environmental and social issues during project implementation. The EAMP will ensure that both substantive concerns of the World Bank and Ghana’s Environmental Polices and Laws are satisfactorily addressed. The objectives of this EAMP are to: establish methodologies for environmental and social impact assessment procedure within the project cycle; assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed project, whether positive or negative, and propose mitigation measures which will effectively address these impacts; inform the stakeholders of the potential impacts of different anticipated activities, and relevant mitigation measures and strategies; identify potential environmental policies, legal and institutional framework pertaining to the project and to highlight Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) procedures. The Project will fall under the purview of the Ministry of Environment, Science & Technology (MEST), under guidance from the National Sustainable Land Management Committee (NSLMC). Implementation will be supported by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of MEST, including the formation of a small Technical Coordination Office (TCO) at the EPA office IN Bolgatanga. At the district level DAs (with consultation and guidance from TCO) will have responsibility for most of the on-the-ground implementation, including community engagement and participatory planning. The Savanna Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) and the Forestry Commission (FC) at the regional level will have responsibility for implementing specific activities. T EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A The potential adverse impacts from these activities, if not correctly designed and implemented, include among others crop pest and disease problems, increased water demand, labour/capital intensive, increased fertiliser usage, introduction of foreign tree species, exclusion of land from other uses, salinity issues, conflict with traditional systems, vegetation removal, sanitation issues, water pollution and human-wildlife conflict. The major mitigation measures applied include education and sensitisation, implementation of pest management plan, monitoring, imposition of by-laws, promote growth of economic trees among others. The key institutions which will work together to ensure sound management of the environmental aspects of the sub- projects include the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the NSLMC, and Forestry Commission. In order to ensure proper implementation of environmental and social screening and mitigation measures, as well as effective community development, the GEF- SLWM project will undertake an intensive programme of environmental training and institutional capacity building spread out over the life cycle of the project. The target groups for training, sensitization and capacity building at the national, regional, district and community levels include the following: Project coordinators (TCO, SADA, FC), District Coordinating Office staff (including the Planning officers); EPA staff in the three Regional Offices; Regional Coordinating Office staff, District Assemblies and their District Environmental Management Committees (DEMCs), Wildlife Division of the Forestry Commission, Forest Service Division of the Forestry Commission, NGOs and Local Service Providers and Beneficiary Communities, Consultants and Contractors. The broad areas for capacity building include the following: environmental screening/initial assessment techniques, legislation and procedures; General project planning and management inter-faced with environmental and social assessment and management; Environmental and social assessment; Environmental and social management (including monitoring, environmental audit, etc.); Environmental report preparation and other reporting requirements; Public participation techniques and procedures; and Public awareness creation/educational techniques (on environmental, social and health issues). This Environmental Analysis and Management Plan (EAMP) report presents definitive, and clear procedures/guidelines for the implementation of the project interventions in consistent with the laws of Ghana and the World Bank Safeguards Policies. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A INTRODUCTION B Ghana covers a total area of about 238,537 km2 including area occupied by water bodies and has equatorial climate. The ecological zones cover the Rain Forest, Semi-Decidous Forest, Sudan Savanna, Guinea Savanna, Coastal Savanna and the Mangrove Forests. The main rivers are Volta, Pra, Offin, Tano, Ankobra, Birim and Todzi. The total amount of water drained by these rivers is 54.4 billion m3. Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife, Savanna, Water Bodies, Wetlands, Mining and Tourism and Built up areas constitute land use in Ghana. 146,810 km 2 of the total area of Ghana representing 61.5 percent is used for Agricultural activities. Agriculture is the most important activity in terms of spatial extent employing about 60 percent of the labour force. The sector contributes about 40 percent to the country’s GDP. Pressure leading to low agricultural productivity includes rural-urban migration, water storage, prevalence of pests and diseases and poor soils with little nutrients. Savanna vegetation in many areas of Africa as in Ghana provides valuable environmental services and serves as habitats for biodiversity and protects soil and water resources against degradation. In Ghana the savanna covers about 60% of the land area, supports about 18% of the population and supplies about 70% of Ghana's total annual firewood and charcoal requirement estimated at 16 million m3. It also provides medicinal plants (the primary source of health care for residents), roofing grasses, fencing poles, bush meat and indigenous farmer crop varieties (cereals, roots/tubers and legumes). The land degradation and unsustainable land management in the country have been attributed to the direct effects of human activities such as poor farming practices, bush fires, inadequate waste management which have also contributed to environmental issues such as deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion, destruction of habitats of wildlife, pollution of water bodies among others. Other key issue on natural resource management in Ghana are forest degradation, loss of flora and fauna biodiversity associated with unsustainable harvesting levels in both the high forest (timber extraction) and savanna zones (poles/wood fuel and medicinal plants). Most biodiversity resources of the Northern savannah zone, which covers more than 60% of the total savannah ecology are threatened by the expansion of agriculture, overgrazing, bushfires and inadequate crop management. This has contributed to degradation of biological diversity as well as the loss of cultural diversity. Similarly, an increasing number of medicinal plant species are threatened. Preserving the genetic stock and knowledge of their use will require specific interventions to ensure that the wild varieties are not completely lost through inappropriate practices or replaced by introduced varieties. Indigenous crop varieties should be grown alongside introduced varieties. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A The project location is within the northern savanna region of Ghana, and more specifically within the sub-watersheds of the main tributaries of the White Volta that flow into northern Ghana from Burkhina Faso, and the wildlife corridors within them, particularly the corridor joining Gbele Resource Reserve with Mole National Park, and then linking these with Nazinga Reserve in Burkhina Faso along the Sisilli River. Due to challenging agricultural and climate conditions, and limited transport access, poverty is concentrated in the north, which holds 53.7% of Ghanaians living in extreme poverty, but only 17.2% of the population overall. Most inhabitants are food crop producers and the small scale family holding is the basic unit of production. Most individuals have user rights to land which is owned by traditional land owners (Tindanas). Livestock are mostly grazed on communal lands without restriction within a community. Cattle ownership is of importance to socio-economic status, and as a result most owners put an emphasis on herd size rather than quality. There is potential for conflict between settled agriculturists and itinerant pastoralists, mostly Fulani coming from outside of Ghana, although some pastoralists are employed by locals to tend their cattle. Suitable farming land is a major constraint, and increasing population pressure is leading to intensified and unsustainable cropping, as well as other activities such as game hunting and charcoal burning. Intensification without modification of traditional practices is leading to land degradation and soil erosion through depletion of nutrients and loss of vegetation cover (partly due to burning practices). Natural vegetation is also being lost through bushfires, illegal logging and encroachment of forest reserves. Reduced infiltration and siltation of rivers lessen water availability, which in turn increases sensitivity to erosion. All of the north is at high to severe risk of land degradation, and the associated social vulnerability may well be most severe there because: (i) the north is also prone to severe flooding which is not only exacerbated by land degradation, but also reduces the area of reliable agricultural land; (ii) extreme poverty restricts access to alternative livelihoods or more resilient production systems; and (iii) the northern savanna is likely to be one of the region’s most impacted by climate change. The Gbele Resource Reserve provides a fairly good example of unmodified Guinea Savanna habitat, with a large number/variety of woody and other species and a grass layer 3 m tall during the rainy season. The fruits of sheanut and dawadawa trees, many species of grasses, used for thatch, brooms and mats, medicinal plants and other edible plant and fruits are important to local people. Gbele also has a rich bird fauna and a study in 2005 showed that there are about 194 species. The reserve contains a number of large ungulates and primates, but densities are lower than the nearby Mole National Park, and many of the most charismatic species, such as large carnivores, elephant and buffalo are absent or extremely rare. The wildlife corridors and other remaining semi-natural habitat areas have a similar composition, but represent various levels of degradation, particularly from hunting, cutting of trees for wood fuel, grazing and over-burning. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A The key natural resources management issues in the northern savanna are loss of vegetative cover and land degradation, resulting mainly from inappropriate farming practices. This is inter-linked with other contributing factors such as: • poorly developed market system that does not price exploited natural resources at their real economic value thus providing easy and open access to dwindling but cheap natural resources. inefficient public regulating agencies with overlapping responsibilities • inadequate/negligible involvement of key stakeholders including local communities in natural resource management • weak institutional capacity in the wildlife sector and little involvement of communities in the management and sustainable use of wildlife resources and • lack of inter-agency coordination in planning/monitoring of natural resource use, especially at the district and community levels. The major forms of land degradation include soil erosion, desertification, salinization, acidification and formation. Large tracts of land have been destroyed by water erosion. Environmental impacts of land degradation include reduce crop yield, reduced quantity of vegetable cover and reduced resilience of land to climate variability. The implementation of the Sustainable Land Management (SLWM) Project will presents a comprehensive approach to sustainable land and watershed management that combines soft and hard investments at the community level, including in maintenance of ecological infrastructure, with planning activities which would eventually integrate these into a much larger program of water and flood management infrastructure across the Northern Savanna eco-agricultural zone. SLWM is the adaptation of land use systems that through appropriate management practices enables land users to maximize the economic and social benefits from the land while maintaining or enhancing the ecological support functions of the land resources. The five basic principles of SLWM are; (i) maintaining or enhancing productivity (ii) reducing the level of production risk or creating stability (iii) protecting the potential of natural resources (iv) be economically viable, and (v) be socially acceptable. SLWM therefore, involves the use of renewable land resources for agricultural and other purposes to meet community needs while simultaneously ensuring the long-term productive potential of the resources and the maintenance of their environmental functions. According to the World Bank (2006), SLWM is a knowledge-based procedure that helps integrate land, water, biodiversity, and environmental management including input and output externalities) to meet rising food and fibre demands while sustaining ecosystem services and livelihood. The Project has triggered a number of World Bank environmental safeguards policies including OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment. Although potential impacts are expected to be modest, it is classified as a Category B project and requires the preparation of a form of environmental assessment, including measures taken to manage and mitigate potential impacts. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A The EAMP will be prepared to meet the requirement for additional documentation and safeguards procedures to cover the remainder of project activities, to be financed from the GEF. The project will be implemented in the three northern regions (Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions) of Ghana. S W The scope of work is to prepare an EAMP, which represents a plan for mitigating potential impacts of the SLWM activities in the three northern regions of Ghana (Upper West, Upper East and Northern Regions). The preparation of this EAMP for the sustainable Land Management Project was done following the key activities in the TOR. B K A U • Reviewed Bank environmental safeguards policies within which the project will be operating, and relevant national policies and regulatory frameworks. Significant changes in regulations/legislative procedures and administrative practices and institutional needs that may be additional demand on implementing agencies were identified • Reviewed the capacity of existing agencies to carry out environmental safeguards responsibilities under the project, in respect of both existing mandates within the national regulatory framework and any additional requirements resulting from Bank policies. • Base line description of the environment of the project area (the 3 northern regions), covering aspects relevant to the project, including the biophysical, biodiversity (natural habitats and fauna) and agro-ecological settings have been described. • Project description focusing on the environmental issues that the project is addressing, interventions, as well as the positive and negative environmental impacts that are likely to result was conducted. • Provision of a negative list of activities that will not be supported by the project, in order to avoid unnecessary environmental and social impacts. • Procedure for recognizing and reporting chance find of physical cultural resources during project implementation, to satisfy requirements under the Bank PCR policy was looked into. • Identified potential environmental issues related to sustainable land management activities under component 3, and the means to avoid and mitigate them via EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A general aspects of the project design and/or specific safeguards instruments and processes. • Identified potential environmental issues related to project activities in Gbele Reserve and wildlife corridors under subcomponent 2.2, and the means to avoid and mitigate them via general aspects of the project design and/or specific safeguards instruments and processes • Designed systems and responsibilities for ensuring that the identified safeguards are followed. • Assessed what needs and capacities will be required for implementing and monitoring the environmental and social management framework to achieve its intended objectives were identified. Have outlined of a training and capacity building program on environmental and social safeguards requirements for the identified. P EAMP The EAMP is to enhance positive and sustainable environmental and social outcomes by minimizing or completely avoiding negative environmental impacts and their social consequences. Where avoidance is not possible, the EAMP provides the framework within which to address the issues. The specific objectives of the EAMP are as follows: i. To establish procedures and methods for the environmental planning, review, approval and implementation of activities to be financed under the project; ii. To identify roles and responsibilities including reporting procedures and monitoring and evaluation; iii. To identify capacity training needs for different stakeholders to ensure better implementation of the provisions in the EAMP and; iv. To identify funding requirements and resources to ensure effective implementation of the framework. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Description of project Area The project location is within the northern savanna region of Ghana, and more specifically within the sub-watersheds of the main tributaries of the White Volta that flow into northern Ghana from Burkina Faso, and the wildlife corridors within them, particularly the corridor joining Gbele Resource Reserve with Mole National Park, and then linking these with Nazinga Reserve in Burkina Faso along the Sisilli River. The Northern Savanna forms more than half of the total Ghana land surface cover of about 239,000 square km (23.9 million ha). The project area lies between latitudes 80 and 110 N and longitude 10 E and 30W. Togo bound it to the east, Burkina Faso to the north, Cote d’lvoire to the west and the high forest ecological zone to the south. The economy of the northern savanna ecological zone is based mainly on agriculture, which is the basis of livelihood for a majority of the population. The small-scale family holding is the basic unit of production. Most of the project area falls within the Guinea Savanna zone, although activities may extend into a small area of Sudan Savanna in the extreme northeast corner of the country. P E C M The three regions falls within the Guinea savannah climatic zone (also known as the Tropical continental or savannah climatic zones). The climate is influenced by the movement of two air masses; Northeast Trade Winds and the Southwest Monsoons. These air masses converge at the inter-Tropical Boundary (ITB) which, depending on the season determines the rainfall pattern over the district. The Guinea and Sudan Savanna zones are both characterized by a unimodal rainfall regime lasting from April to October, although mean annual rainfall is higher in the Guinea Savanna zone (1000-1200 mm), than in the Sudan Savanna (900-1000 mm) The period between November and March is dry and characterized by the desiccating harmattan winds, rendering the zone prone to bush fires. The mean annual maximum temperature ranges from 33°C to 35°C with a minimum of about 22°C. During the dry season, the harmattan prevails, causing high rate of evapo- transpiration and soil moisture deficiency. Relative humidity is high during the rainy season but falls to about 20 % in the dry season. G T The Upper East and the Upper West regions are underlain by granitoids of post Birimian age while the Northern region is underlain by sandstones, shales and limestones of the Voltaian system fringed at the west part by the post Birimian granitoids. The granitoids include granitic and gneissic rocks of grey colours and shades of pink. The gneisses are folded and also jointed with the rest of the formation. These rocks tend to be hard and less weathered due to the drier climatic conditions prevailing in the Northern Savanna Zone. They undergo less severe weathering compared to the southern part of Ghana. There are two main physiographic regions recognisable in the zone viz. the Savanna High Plains and the Voltaian Sandstone Basin. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Savanna High Plains This is a gently rolling plain with average heights between 180 and 300 metres above sealevel. Small rounded hills or inselbergs of Birimian origin can be found occasionally. This zone is found north of the forested dissected intermediate belt. With the exception of the Mole National Park, part of which is in the Voltaian sandstone basin, the rest of the pilot sites for the project are located within this topographic region. They are: Gbele Resource Reserve, Kenikeni, Nuale, Naaha, Ambalara, Kulpawn Tributaries, Kulpawn Headwaters, Mawbia, Sisili Central, Chiana Hills, Tankwidi West, Tankwidi East, Red Volta and Morago forest reserves. The soils of these areas include ground-water laterites and savanna ochrosols, which are widely distributed. Less widely distributed are various lithosols and brunosols as well as acid gleisols and some tropical black earth. The soils of the high plains are more fertile compared to those of the Voltaian Basin but erosion is a serious problem. Voltaian Sandstone Basin This is an almost flat and extensive plain covering more than 80% of the Northern Region. The bulk of the area falls within heights between 60 and 150 metres above msl. Gentledipping or flat-bedded sandstones, shales and mudstone underlie it, which generally speaking are easily eroded, resulting in almost flat and extensive plain. In this basin soils are relatively poor. Laterite is the most extensively distributed soil, covering 75% of the basin. The upper horizons of the soil become waterlogged during the rainy season but dry up in the dry season. The texture ranges form silty to sandy loam when developed on shales and coarse sand when developed over sandstone. The soils, including the savanna ochrosols (a prominent soil group in the basin) are generally low in organic matter and nutrients and sometimes highly acidic and very susceptible to erosion. The river valleys of the region are generally associated with acid gleisols (Acheampong, 2001). S The most extensive soil type in the study area is the Groundwater Lateritic Soil which covers approximately 75 percent of the area. The principal characteristic of this soil type is the presence of a well cemented layer of iron stone (iron pan) at a relatively shallow depth below the surface. This layer is largely impervious to infiltrating rainwater resulting in the top soil becoming water logged right up to the surface in the wet season, but dry out completely in the dry season. Soils in the UER and UWR are generally formed by weathering of the bedrock although some drift of soil transported by wind and water is also found. The soils have predominantly light textured surface horizons with heavy textured soils confined to valley bottoms. There are extensive areas of shallow concretionary and rocky soils which have low water holding capacities and limited suitability for agriculture S G H EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A The Northern Savanna Zone is mainly drained by the White Volta and its tributaries Morago, Red Volta, Atankwindi and Asibelika in the Upper East Region, Kulpawn with its tributary, Sisili in the Upper West Region and the Black Volta, Nasia and Oti in the Northern Region. All the principal branches of the Volta flow permanently during the wet periods. In the dryseason the volume of water in the rivers of the two upper regions reduce considerably, breaking into pools or drying up at the peak of the dry period. The Volta with its tributaries is an important source of surface water in the Northern Savanna Zone. Ground water is the most important source of potable water in the project area. However, the yields are in general insufficient to meet the needs of large communities or irrigation agriculture. Water supply thus becomes one of the key demands of the project pilot areas. In all the communities visited, water supply was one of the major concerns raised by the people (Acheampong, 2001). B E E There are six broad ecological divisions in Ghana that are rich and varied. The project area has savanna ecology, which extends into the neighbouring countries. It is classified into the Guinea savanna and the Sudan savanna ecological zones. F The Guinea savanna covers more than 90% of the land surface area of the Northern Savanna Zone but not restricted to it. It stretches from the upper regions down south to the forest fringes. The zone includes the grassland of the north and the derived savannaon the fringes of the forests. The interior savanna contains 1,519 vascular species known to be indigenous or naturalised to the savanna zones of Ghana. Six species including Ceropergia gemmifera, Commiphora dalzielii, Ptleopsis habeensis and Eugenia coronta are rare in Ghana and internationally. The Guinea Savanna consists generally of fire tolerant, deciduous, broad-leaved trees interspersed in a ground flora of mainly grass, sometimes more than 1.5m high. The more important grasses of grazing value include Andropogon gayanus and in densely populated areas, Diectomis fastigiata, Pennisetum pedicellatum and Loudetia togoensis are common. Other species that occur are Hetropogon contortus, Schoenfeida gracilis and Aristidaa hordeacea. The common trees include Vitellaria paradoxa (shea), Parkia biglobosa (dawadawa), Piliostigma thonningli, Combretum glutinosum, Anogeissus sp., Detariums p., Afzelia sp., Prosopiss p., Pterocarpuss p., Butyrospermums p., Antiaris sp., Vitex sp., Piliosstigmas p., Lonchocarpuss p. and Acacias p. The Sudan savanna occurs mainly in the Bawku East, Bawku West and Bolgatanga districts at the extreme northeastern corner of the Northern Savanna Zone. Its total coverage is less than 10% of the zone. The vegetation is made up generally of open savanna with short grass interspersed with relatively short low branching deciduous, broad and thin-leave trees. The common trees include species of Adansonia, ButyrospermumA, EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A cacia and Parkia. The vegetation in most of the project area is characterised by a mosaic of forest, savanna, marshes and grassland. The ecology is for the most part severely altered. This is a reflection of prolonged unregulated grazing, burning, and intensive cultivation. There are 72 forest reserves in the northern savanna made up of 23, 33 and 16 in the Northern, Upper East and Upper West in that order. They range in size from 0.4km2 to 1,116 km2. However, many of these areas are under pressure from subsistence farmers, livestock herders and others who engage in illegal activities in the reserves (Acheampong, 2001). F Many of the large wildlife species, which are common to tropical Africa, are also found in Ghana. They live mostly in the savanna eco-system and include Panthera leo (lions), Panthera pardus (leopards), Loxodonta aficana (elephants), Syncerus caffer (buffalo), Neotrigus pygmaeus (royal antelope) and Colobus and Cercopithecus sp (monkeys), Hippopotamus amphibius and Crocodilus sp. Snakes include pythons and poisonous ones such as Naja nelanoleuca (cobra), Bitis gabonica (gaboon viper), Lizards, e.g. Veranus niloticus, often of striking colours are common, as are large snails, spiders and scorpions which are found in large numbers. The insect fauna is also very rich. The bird species include Francolinus sp (bush fowl) Falconidae sp (falcons, hawks, and eagles) Psittacus erithacus (grey parrot), Neophron sp. (vultures), Guttera edouardi (guinea fowl) and many more. Savanna fauna comprises at least 93 mammal species, about half of which can be considered to be large ones, over 350 bird species, 9 amphibians and 33 reptiles. About 13% of the 860 recorded butterfly species in Ghana are associated with the savanna. The Wildlife Conservation Regulations of 1971, (LI. 685) has schedules which contain lists of wild animals found in Ghana. Fifty-five of these are completely protected (Acheampong, 2001) R E S Populations of many wildlife species found in the savanna have dwindled as a result of human-induced interventions, mainly through over hunting, inappropriate agricultural practices and expansion of agricultural land, road construction and bush burning (Appendix IV). The demand for wild animal meat (popularly called bushmeat in Ghana) is ever increasing, resulting in widespread hunting. As human populations in the northern parts of the country increases, exerting enormous pressure on the finite good "land" and creating land hunger among mostly the rural people, intact savanna woodlands and secondary groves which provide wild animals refuge and source of food become fragmented and unable to hold large populations of animals (Acheampong, 2001). W A M Wild animal movement between reserves, groves and sanctuaries in the northern savanna may be limited because these are either fragmented or interspersed with farmlands. Studies EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A have shown that wild animals move from Togo into Ghana and vice versa, using gallery forests along the Red Volta River. It is also on record that wild animals move from the GEF supported Nazinga Game Ranch in Burkina Faso to farms on the Ghana side of the Ghana-Burkina Faso border. Communities outlying protected areas have occasionally had their farms and property destroyed by wild animals mainly elephants that move outside the reserves, particularly in the dry season, in search for water and food. In 1997 elephants invaded some villages including Widinaba, Zongoiri, Nangodi, Sekoti and Datoko, all at the fringes of the Red Volta Forest Reserve, which is a natural trail for elephants moving from Togo into Ghana. Where villages received no help from the staff of Wildlife Division in driving these animals back into the reserves (or gallery forests) they resorted to killing the rampaging animals (Acheampong, 2001). S C E T P According to provisional results on the 2000 Population and Housing Census released by the Ghana Statistical Services Division, the population of the three northern regions (Northern, Upper East and Upper West) stands at 3,346,105. The Northern region carries the highest human population of 1,854,994, followed by the Upper East region with 917,251 and the Upper West region with 573,860 in that order. However, population densities follow the reverse order-104 persons/km2 for Upper East, 31 persons/km2 for Upper West and 26 persons/km2 for the northern region. Land hunger is greatest in the Upper East, where soil productivity is lower and climate harsher than in the two other regions. Most areas in the three regions are food deficient, but food security situation is worse in the Upper East region than in the Upper West and Northern regions. The main ethnic groups in the project pilot areas include the Dagbani, Mamprusi and Gonja in the Northern Region, Dagaaba and Sisala in the Upper West Region, Builsa, Kassena, Nankani, Grunnie, Nabdam and Kussasi in the Upper East Region. In all these ethnic patrilineal inheritance is the norm and traditional authority is vested in the chief, who sits on a skin, an acknowledgeds ymbol of identityo f the group and authority (Acheampong, 2001). O The majority of people in the three northern regions are traditionally crop and livestock farmers, growing cereals, root and tubers and keeping livestock, mainly goats, cattle and sheep for subsistence and gain. Outside farming season activities include farm produce processing and marketing, livestock grazing and "pastoralling", bush fire prevention and control and renovations/rehabilitatioonf residentiala ccommodation. Cattle husbandry plays an importantr ole in the socio-economicli fe of peopleo f the three regions. Wealth is mostly invested in cattle. The number of cattle a person owns determines ones wealth. Cattle are used for bride price and on other important social occasions. Most cattle owners, therefore, put greater emphasis on the herd size, rather than the quality of their stock. To them large herds mean security, wealth and prestige in the community. This leads to overstocking in many parts of the northern savanna area. With respect to range tenure, grazing is on communal basis and anyone with animals may graze his/her animals on EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A communal lands in the community where he/she lives. On the contrary, herders from other communities will have to obtain grazing rights from the village chief or head of the land- owning group before putting their animals on communal lands to graze. For inhabitants of a village or community there are no restrictions to the use of the communal grazing lands provided that the user of the land does not change the land use form, for instance, into human habitation. Traditionally, forage crops are not grown and livestock graze on communal pastures, for which no one has management responsibility. Communal lands are "common good" and are rather taken for granted as limitless gift of nature available to be used. Even in the communities, there is growing concern about the rate of deterioration of pastures, particularly in heavily populated areas (Acheampong, 2001). C R Each region consists of at least three ethnic groups and spoken languages are varied accordingly. The major ethnic groups are each represented by a paramount chief. The Northern Region has four paramount chiefs who represent four major ethnic groups. Islam is the dominant religion in the Northern Region, whereas Traditional and Christian religions are prominent in the Upper East and Upper West Regions respectively. Aside agriculture, the people engage in the manufacture and sale of traditional artifacts and musical instruments. Blacksmithing and pottery are also common (CEHRT, 2010). D R E Risk sources range from erratic climatic conditions, limited opportunities for off-farm economic activities, poor planning and implementation of development policies to frequent incidence of bushfires, floods and droughts, which are the bane of the area’s underdevelopment. Additionally, persistent inter- and intra-ethnic conflicts result in heavy loss of lives and property, with resources redeployed into conflict resolution (CEHRT, 2010). L T In the Upper West and Upper East regions, ownership of land is vested in the Tindanas (Landowners), while in the Gonja area of the Northern Region the land-owning authority are the "skins" or chiefs. In most parts of the three northern regions undeveloped and unoccupied land may be described as communal lands and subject to common rights. These may be termed as local 'public' lands since they are for the benefit of the whole community. Access to these lands is free to all including strangers and the benefit derived carry no reciprocal consideration. The essential principle is that all lands, including wasteland and unoccupied land, are owned by the community or group on a communal basis. The Tindana determines new areas that are to be put under cultivation every farming season. Once a plot is allocated to an individual the person obtains a user's right and continues to till it for any number of EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A years. An individual acquires land user’s rights by purchase, gift or through inheritance but he cannot sell it to anyone outside the group. A person who obtains a user right to land cannot be deprived of the land without his/her consent - even by the owner of the allodial title. A person who does not belong to the land owning group can acquire stool or family land only by some form of grant; license or contract irrespective of whatever use it will be put to (Acheampong, 2001). EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT The Project presents a comprehensive approach to sustainable land and watershed management that combines soft and hard investments at the community level, including maintenance of ecological infrastructure, with planning activities which would eventually integrate these into a much larger program of water and flood management infrastructure across the Northern Savanna eco-agricultural zone. The Project has triggered a number of World Bank environmental safeguards policies including OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment. Although potential impacts are expected to be modest (indeed the project is specifically aimed at generating environmental benefits), it is classified as a Category B project and requires the preparation of a form of environmental assessment, including measures taken to manage and mitigate potential impacts. The Environmental Analysis and Management Plan will be prepared to meet the requirement for additional documentation and safeguards procedures to cover the remainder of project activities, to be financed from the GEF. The project will be implemented in the three northern regions (Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions) of Ghana. P P D O The Project Development Objective / Global Environment Objective is: To (a) demonstrate improved sustainable land and water management practices aimed at reducing land degradation and enhancing maintenance of biodiversity in selected micro- watersheds, and (b) strengthen spatial planning for identification of linked watershed investments in the Northern Savanna region of Ghana. Key indicators for PDO / GEO • Area of land in selected micro-watersheds under new sustainable land and watershed management (SLWM) technologies (ha). • Management effectiveness according to METT score in Gbele Resource Reserve and Wuru Kayero & Wahabu Wiasi corridor sites (score, disaggregated). • Pre-feasibility studies conducted for new large-scale multipurpose water storage investments (number). EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A F M G P R F R EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A P D The Ghana Sustainable Land and Water Management (SLWM) project will be a five-year GEF grant (from both the Land Degradation Focal Area [US$ 7.15 million] and the Biodiversity Focal Area [US$ 1 million]) to the Government of Ghana. The grant will be partially blended with the Social Opportunities Project (SOP), a SIL, and associated with (i) the Natural Resource and Environmental Governance Program (NREG III), a multidonor budget support operation which tackles land degradation policy issues in the environment, forestry and mining sectors, and (ii) the Agriculture budget support operation (AgDPO II) which promotes SLWM policy in agricultural land. P C The Project has three integrated components: Component 1: Capacity building for integrated spatial planning ($1.0m from GEF) This component will provide integrated spatial planning tools to strengthen the capacity of SADA and relevant implementing agencies to guide and undertake decision-making for investment across the northern savanna region. Spatial planning will take into account ecological units such as watershed and is expected to result in the identification of both large-scale water and flood management infrastructure investments, and the community and individually based land and natural resource management programs that should complement them. Component 2: Water & Land Management ($5.95m from GEF): This component will fund technical assistance, equipment, incremental operating costs, and direct incentives (a mixture of inputs and direct payments) to support community flood and land management at the micro-watershed level, including both management of agricultural land and ecological infrastructure. It will also be integrated with labor-intensive civil works investments in small-scale flood & water management infrastructure through SOP to provide for a comprehensive approach. Subcomponent 2.1: Strengthening capacities of districts and rural communities for micro- watershed and land use planning (0.75m) This subcomponent will (1) strengthen the capacity of district agencies in micro-watershed management techniques, and to conduct a participatory micro-watershed planning exercise; and (2) strengthen the organizational and planning capacity of communities and local government through conducting the participatory exercises. Subcomponent 2.2: Systems and capacity to promote SLWM. ($1.2m) EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A This subcomponent will design systems and put in place local extension capacity to promote SLWM technologies on the ground, specifically encouraging experimentation with the design of incentive packages and extension provision systems between districts to allow alternate models to the evaluated: • Development of SLWM menu of options, manual & environmental index. An environmental services index will be devised that allocates to each SLWM technology package a composite score related to the basket of environmental services it provides. The level of support available for each option will be linked to this index under a PES-based framework. • Develop district extension approaches and incentive structures for promoting SLWM. Packages of incentives will be designed for farmers, conditioned on SLWM agreements signed with individual farmers (and in some cases communities) of their own free will. Direct payments to farmers will be included for evaluation as part of the incentive mix, but other forms of support (including training, assistance with inputs and potentially equipment) will also be included. • Build capacity of extension services to develop and support SLWM contracts with local farmers. A SLWM training program and set of training materials for extension service providers will be developed, and a capacity strengthening program will be conducted with extensionists. Subcomponent 2.3: Implementation of SLWM in micro-watersheds ($3.0m) This component will finance operational costs of extension service providers and direct incentives (as a mixture of inputs and direct payment incentives) for adoption of SLWM technologies by farmers. Develop, monitor & verify performance under SLWM contracts. Operational costs will be provided for District staff to establish SLWM contracts with participating farmers, specifying the support to be received in return for implementing the technology. District staff will also monitor contract performance on an annual basis. To address risks of collusion, an independent verification of SLWM contracts will be carried out, on a sample basis, to certify District monitoring. Support individual SLWM agreements. This will finance support directly to farmers under SLWM contracts, including demonstration and training, input subsidies and direct incentive payments. Support would be conditioned on improvements in environmental services associated with changes in land use, as measured by the environmental index. The contract period and amount of the payments will be related to the economics of specific SLWM technologies. Linking soft and hard community SLWM investments. The GEF project will not carry out civil works apart from very minor on-farm works (such as bunding and construction of EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A small rainwater harvesting structures), but will exploit opportunities to complement its soft investments with small-scale watershed infrastructure investments through the IDA Social Opportunities Project. Subcomponent 2.4: Management of riparian biological corridors ($1m GEF [Biodiversity window]) This subcomponent will support natural habitat and wildlife management activities focused on maintaining and enhancing key habitat values as part of the broader approach to watershed management. Activity 1: Implementation of Corridor Management Plan in the Western Corridor ($0.6m) The approaches taken in the corridors and wider watersheds will begin with a community- level planning exercise, with emphasis on building of community institutions for the establishment of Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) in the corridors. Direct support will be provided to two sites for: C CREMA P E T L C A C W M Activity 2: Support to Gbele Resource Reserve Management ($0.4m). This will implement selected activities within the Tourism and Waterhole development plans that support project objectives, including: E S M T C F M E C P GEF L D This component will support technical assistance, operating costs and where necessary equipment for incremental project management and coordination activities. The component will also finance national monitoring of SLWM policy and implementation, and an evaluation and strategy for PES to support SLWM in northern Ghana. I A P Given the uneven status of decentralization, the need for coordination between relevant line agencies and the presence of multiple coordinating bodies whose mandates touch on the areas covered by the project, the implementation arrangements will be more extensive than might be expected for a project of this size. The core focus of the project is to deliver a EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A model for effective scale up of SLWM technologies in part by overcoming transaction cost barriers. Economy and cost-efficiency must form key principles of the design. The following principles will guide the implementation arrangements: • R C • L • C • S T • C T PES A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A policy, LEGAL and institutional FRAMEWORKS N P F T P R S G GPRS I II The GPRS I was a comprehensive framework of policies and development strategies, programs and projects to facilitate macro-economic stability, sustainable growth and poverty reduction (2003-2005). The central goal of GPRS II (2006-2009), which built on GPRS I was to accelerate the growth of the economy to attain a middle-income status. The GPRS II emphasizes the implementation of growth-inducing policies and programs with the potential to support wealth creation and sustainable poverty reduction. The document refers to the need to apply environmental impact assessment and environmental audit to ensure that the growth arising from the GPRS is environmentally sustainable. N E R P Although no one comprehensive legislation exists in Ghana dealing with the protection of biodiversity, there are several pieces of biodiversity-related and natural/environment resources sector-based legislation. Since the 1990s Ghana has developed a number of policies and legislation, regulations and procedures aimed at ensuring that the management of biological resources and the environment is sound and sustainable. Among these are the Wildlife Conservation Regulations of 1971 (LI 685), National Environmental Policy (1991), National Environmental Action Plan (1991), Forestry and Wildlife Policy (1994), Environmental Protection Agency Act of 1994 (Act 490), Forestry Development Master Plan (1996), Draft National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (1998), Environmental Assessment Regulations of 1999 (LI 1652), and National Land Policy (1999). National Land Policy (NLP) The National Land Policy is supportive of the Northern Savanna Biodiversity Conservation Project (NSBCP), providing a framework for most of the land conservation activities identified under the components of the project. The NLP provides for the full recognition of protected area systems (PAS) and lands outside PAS for ecosystem maintenance and biodiversity conservation. The policy is conservation sensitive, emphasizing on the placement of shrines, sacred groves and other categories of land (for example the so-called dedicated community forest reserves) with potential for ecosystem maintenance, biodiversity and scenic preservation under protection and leaving management of such lands under the collaborative effort of major stakeholders including the government and the community. The National Land Policy was prepared in 1999, and the ongoing Land Administration Project seek among other things, to streamline the myriads of laws regulating land EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A administration and/ or establishing mandates for different land administration agencies in the country. Forest and Wildlife Policy The Forest and Wildlife Policy of 1994 aims at conservation and sustainable development of the nation’s forest and wildlife resources for maintenance of environmental quality and perpetual flow of optimum benefits to all segments of society. Specifically, the policy will, among others, ensure that the country’s permanent estate of forest and wildlife resources are managed and enhanced for preservation of vital soil and water resources, conservation of biological diversity and the environment and sustainable production of domestic and commercial produce. Strategies for ensuring sustainable resource management outlined by the policy include PAS expansion, rehabilitation and development of lands on and outside PAS, protection of endangered plant and animal species, provision of incentives and assistance for conservation, enhancing public and civil society involvement in management through consultative and participatory mechanisms, promoting public awareness and education, and promoting collaborative research and extension. These are in support of the activities identified under the project components. National Environmental Policy/Action Plan The policy aims at ensuring a sound management of resources and the environment, and to avoid any exploitation of these resources in a manner that might cause irreparable damage to the environment. Specifically, it provides for maintenance of ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the functioning of the biosphere, sound management of natural resources and the environment, and protection of humans, animals and plants and their habitats. The policy objectives are clearly in line with the project component objectives. W B S P The GEF-SLWM project has been categorized as B implying that the expected environmental impacts are largely site-specific, that few if any of the impacts are irreversible, and that mitigation measures can be designed relatively readily. The environmental assessment for a Category B project, • Examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts, • Recommends measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts, and • Recommends measures to improve environmental performance The Bank’s ten safeguard policies are designed to help ensure that programs proposed for financing are environmentally and socially sustainable, and thus improve decision-making. The Bank’s Operational Policies (OP) are meant to ensure that operations of the Bank do not lead to adverse impacts or cause any harm. The Safeguard Policies are lumped into EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Environment, Rural Development, Social Development and International Law. These operational policies include: • OP/BP 4.01: Environmental Assessment • OP/BP 4.04: Natural Habitats • OP 4.09: Pest Management • OP/BP 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement • OD 4.20: Indigenous Peoples • OPN 11.03: Cultural Property • OP 4.36: Forests • OP/BP 4.37: Safety of Dams • OP/BP 7.50: Projects on international Waters • OP/BP 7.50: Projects in Disputed Areas • BP 17.50: Disclosure The proposed project would trigger five of the policies: environmental assessment, natural habitats, pest management, involuntary resettlement, and forests. A summary of the Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies is provided in Annex 9. OP/BP 4.01: Environmental Assessment The objective of the OP. 4.01 is to ensure that the projects financed by the Bank are environmentally and socially sustainable, and that the decision making process is improved through an appropriate analysis of the actions including their potential environmental impacts. EA is a flexible procedure, which should vary in breadth, depth, and type of analysis depending on the project. The purpose of EA is to improve decision making and to ensure that the project options under consideration are environmentally sound and sustainable. EAs identify ways of improving projects environmentally, by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse impacts. While most SLWM activities are not expected to generate any significant adverse environmental and social impacts, some activities may result in mainly site-specific and small-scale consequences, if no appropriate mitigation measures are incorporated in sub- project design. OP 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement The World Bank’s safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement, OP 4.12, (December 2001) is to be complied with where involuntary resettlement, impacts on livelihoods, acquisition of land or restrictions to natural resources, may take place as a result of the project. It includes requirements that: i. Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimised, exploring all viable alternative project designs. ii. Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A providing sufficient investment resources to enable persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. iii. Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. According to OP 4.12, the resettlement plan should include measures to ensure that the displaced persons are: i. informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement; ii. consulted on, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives; and iii. provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets attributed directly to the project. If the impacts include physical relocation, the resettlement plan should include measures to ensure that the displaced persons are: i. Provided assistance (such as moving allowances) during relocation; and ii. Provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or as required, agricultural sites for which a combination of productive potential, location advantages, and other factors is at least equivalent to the advantages of the old site. Under the Project, no involuntary land-taking is envisaged, no new reserves are being established, and management activities in CREMAs will be community driven. OP 4.12 has been triggered as a precautionary measure. With the variety of SLWM options that will be available, there are potentials for individual access to resources to be restricted as the result of community-level choices to engage in certain activities under components 2 and 3. In some cases these may include instances where tenant farmers are required to vacate land that communities and tindanas have elected to set aside as a protective riverine buffer, or community woodlots. Individual restrictions to natural resources are also possible through the establishment of CREMA management systems. OP 4.09: Pest Management The objective of this policy is to promote the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. In Bank-financed agricultural operations pest population are normally controlled through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches such as biological control, cultural practices, and the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to the pest. The Bank may finance the purchase of pesticides when their use is justified under an IPM approach. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A The following criteria apply to the selection and use of pesticides in Bank-financed projects: • They must have negligible adverse human health effects. • They must be shown to be effective against the target species. • They must have minimal effect on non-target species and the natural environment. The methods, timing, and frequency of pesticide application are aimed to minimize damage to natural enemies. Pesticides used in public health programs must be demonstrated to be safe for inhabitants and domestic animals in the treated areas, as well as for personnel applying them. • Their use must take into account the need to prevent the development of resistance in pests. Introduction of improved farming systems could encourage increased use of pesticides as farmers strive to increase agricultural production, even though the Project will not finance these. A simple Pest Management Plan is therefore incorporated into the EAMP to explain how integrated pest management techniques will be included within SLWM technologies that present some risk in this regard. Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects involving the significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for the project and its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that the overall benefits from the projects substantially outweigh the environmental costs. If the environmental assessment indicates that a project would significantly convert or degrade natural habitats, the project should include mitigation measures to the Bank. Such mitigation measures include, as appropriate, minimizing habitat loss (e.g. strategic habitat retention and post-development restoration) and establishing and maintaining an ecologically similar protected area. The Bank accepts other forms of mitigation measures only when they are technically justified. The SLWM project will operate in and around natural habitats and in forests. The aim of the Project is to improve community-based natural habitat management, including through fire management, as well as improving the productive quality of agricultural land, which should reduce pressures for unsustainable exploitation. Forests (OP/BP 4.36) The management, conservation, and sustainable development of forest ecosystems and their associated resources are essential for lasting poverty reduction and sustainable development, whether located in countries with abundant forests or in those with depleted or naturally limited forest resources. The objective of this policy is to assist borrowers to harness the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A effectively into sustainable economic development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests. Where forest restoration and plantation development are necessary to meet these objectives, the Bank assists borrowers with forest restoration activities that maintain or enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functionality. This policy applies to the projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests; projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned. L I F The relevant legal and institutional frameworks are subsequently described below: • The Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992; • The State Lands Act, 1962; • The Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Act, 1963 • Lands Commission (LC) Act 2008, Act 767; • Water Resources Commission (WRC) Act 1996, Act 522; • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Act 1994, Act 490; • Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999, LI 1652; • Environmental Assessment (Amendment) Regulations 2002, LI 1703; • Forestry Commission Act 1999, Act 571; • National Fire Service Act, 1997 • Local Government Act 1993, Act 462; T C R G The Constitution includes some provisions to protect the right of individuals to private property, and also sets principles under which citizens may be deprived of their property in the public interest (described in Articles 18 and 20). Article 18 provides that “Every person has the right to own property either alone or in association with others.” In Article 20, the Constitution describes the circumstances under which compulsory acquisition of immovable properties in the public interest can be done: “No property of any description, or interest in, or right over any property shall be compulsorily taken possession of or acquired by the State unless the following conditions are satisfied: i. The taking of possession or acquisition is necessary in the interest of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, town and country planning or the development or utilization of property in such a manner as to promote the public benefit; and EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ii. The necessity for the acquisition is clearly stated and is such as to provide reasonable justification for causing any hardship that may result to any person who has an interest in or right over the property.” Article 20 of the Constitution provides further conditions under which compulsory acquisition may take place: no property “shall be compulsorily taken possession of or acquired by the State” unless it is, amongst other purposes, “to promote the public benefit (Clause 1). Clause 2 of Article 20 further provides that: “Compulsory acquisition of property by the State shall only be made under a law which makes provision for: i. The prompt payment of fair and adequate compensation; and ii. A right of access to the High Court by any person who has an interest in or right over the property whether direct or on appeal from any other authority, for the determination of his interest or right and the amount of compensation to which he is entitled.” Clause 3 adds that: “Where a compulsory acquisition or possession of land effected by the State in accordance with clause (1) of this article involves displacement of any inhabitants, the State shall resettle the displaced inhabitants on suitable alternative land with due regard for their economic well-being and social and cultural values.” T S L A The Act 125 vests the authority to acquire land for the public interest in the President of the Republic. It also gives responsibility for registering a claim on the affected person or group of persons, and provides details of the procedure to do this. The State Lands Act, 1962 provides some details to be taken into consideration when calculating compensation such as definitions for (1) cost of disturbance, (2) market value, (3) replacement value, and so on. T L S W A This Act describes the process involved in occupation of land for the purpose of the construction, installation and maintenance of works of public utility, and for creation of rights of way for such works. The provisions include: • The owner/ occupier of the land must be formally notified at least a week in advance of the intent to enter, and be given at least 24 hours notice before actual entry; EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • Any damage due to entry must be compensated in accord with the procedures established by the Minister unless the land is restored or replaced; • In the case of highways, no compensation shall be paid, unless the land taken is more than one fifth of the total holdings of an affected person; • Where a right of way must be established in the public interest, the President may declare the land to be subject to such statutory wayleave; • On publication of a wayleave instrument specifying the area required, and without further assurance, the land shall be deemed to be subject to wayleave. Compensation is then determined and paid, with the right of appeal to a tribunal established by the President, in parallel with the Lands Act, 1962. W R C WRC A A The Act establishes and mandates the WRC as the sole body responsible for the regulation and management of water resources and for the coordination of any policy in relation to them. The WRC does this through the granting of water rights to potential users such as DAs, GWCL, CWSA, Communities and so on. The WRC also grants Drilling License to contractors engaged in borehole drilling activities. The WRC has developed a National Water Policy to give support to the use of environmental assessments to assist in the protection and conservation of water resources and encourages its application to all water usage. The Policy also promotes the rational allocation of water resources through Water Demand Management (WDM), which offers the possibility of improving the efficiency and sustainability of the use of water resources, taking into account economic, social, environmental, regional and national considerations. L C A A This act provides for the management of public lands and other lands and for related matters. The Commission manages public lands and any other lands vested in the President by the Constitution or by any other enactment or the lands vested in the Commission. The act advises the Government, local authorities and traditional authorities on the policy framework for the development of particular areas to ensure that the development of individual pieces of land is co-ordinated with the relevant development plan for the area concerned. The commission formulate and submit to Government recommendations on national policy with respect to land use and capability; advise on, and assist in the execution of, a comprehensive programme for the registration of title to land throughout the Republic in consultation with the Title Registration Advisory Board established under section 10 of the Land Title Registration Act, 1986; The Minister may, with the approval of the President, give general directions in writing to the Commission on matters of policy in respect of the management of public lands. The commission has the following divisions: EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • Survey and Mapping • Land Registration • Land Valuation • Public and Vested Lands Management, and • Any other Division the Commission may determine. F C A A This act provides for the management of the forest and wildlife resources in the country. The Commission is responsible for the regulation of the utilization of forest and wildlife resources, the conservation and management of those resources and the co-ordination of policies related to them. The Commission through its Wildlife Division regulates the utilization of forest and timber resources, manage the nation’s forest reserves and protected areas by proper planning for the protection, harvesting and development of forest and wildlife resources in a sustainable manner. Assist the private sector and the other bodies with the implementation of forest and wildlife policies by advising and the provision of technical services with regard to matters of resource protection, management and development and of market intelligence pertaining to the timber and wildlife industries; supporting the development of forest plantations for the restoration of degraded forest reserves, the increased production of industrial timber and the expansion of the country’s protected forest cover; the provision of training management and technical skills for related industries. E P A A A This Act establishes and mandates the EPA to seek and request information on any undertaking that in the opinion of the Agency can have adverse environmental effects and to instruct the proponent to take necessary measures to prevent the adverse impacts. The Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999, LI 1652 list activities for which an environmental assessment is mandatory. The Regulations describe the procedures to be followed to obtain permits for both existing and proposed undertakings through the conduct of environmental impact assessments and preparation of environmental management plans. The Environmental Assessment (Amendment) Regulations 2002, LI 1703 establishes the charges to be taken by the EPA for review and issuance of a Permit. L G A A This Act establishes and regulates the local government system and gives authority to the RCC and the District Assembly to exercise political and administrative power in the Regions and District, provide guidance, give direction to, and supervise all other administrative authorities in the regions and district respectively. The Assembly is mandated to initiate programmes for the development of basic infrastructure and provide municipal works and services as well as be responsible for the development, improvement and management of human settlements and the environment in the district. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A G N F S A This act is to re-establishes the National Fire Service to provide for the management of undesired fires and to make provision for related matters. The objective of the Service is to prevent and manage undesired fire. For the purpose of achieving its objective, the Service shall organise public fire education programmes to create and sustain awareness of the hazards of fire, and heighten the role of the individual in the prevention of fire; provide technical advice for building plans in respect of machinery and structural layouts to facilitate escape from fire, rescue operations and fire management. The summary of relevant legal and institutional frameworks is provided in Table 1. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A T S Institution Act of Parliament Mandate Environmental EPA Act, 1994 Act 490 Ensure compliance with laid down Protection Agency EAR 1999, LI 1652; EAR environmental procedures in the planning (Amendment) 2002, LI 1703 and execution of development projects Water Resources WRC Act, 1996 Act 522 Regulate and manage the use of water Commission LI 1692; LI 1827 resources of Ghana. Give license for drilling and development of groundwater Lands Commission Lands Commission Act, 2008 Manage public lands and other lands and for (Act 767) related matters Forestry Forestry Commission Act, Management of the forest and wildlife Commission 1999 (Act 571) resources in the country District Assemblies Local Government Act, 1993 Exercise political and administrative Act 462 authority in the district and responsible for overall development P A F Sustainable land and watershed management are cross-sectoral issues that require the expertise and coordination of several line agencies. Under the process of decentralization pursued in Ghana over the past several years, the District Assemblies (DAs) have responsibility for all development activities in their districts, and therefore coordination and implementation at the local level. Each district has an Executive Committee, headed by the District Chief Executive (DCE), with a District Planning Coordination Unit (DPCU) including departments for planning, budgeting, finance and administration. Several MDAs, including MoFA, have de-concentrated staff and functions to the district level, although at the current stage of decentralization, those staff still report to their line ministries. Other MDAs, including MLNR and EPA, have thus far only decentralized to the regional level. With bearing on land and watershed management issues in the north, three bodies have been formed relatively recently with policy, oversight and/or coordination functions. In chronological order: • The National Sustainable Land Management Committee (NSLMC) was established in 2007 to have a policy leadership and coordination role for sustainable land management issues at the national level. It brings together senior technical representatives of the Ministry of Environment, Science & Technology (represented by the Environmental Protection Agency), the Ministry of Finance & Economic Planning, the Ministry of Food & Agriculture, the Ministry of Land & Natural Resources (represented by the Forestry Commission), the Water Resources Commission, the Ministry of Energy (represented by the Energy Commission), and an NGO representative from Friends of the Earth, Ghana. The Environmental Protection Agency acts as the Secretariat to the NSLMC. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • Ghana Environmental Conventions Coordinating Authority (GECCA) is being established under a UNDP GEF project to consolidate oversight and coordination of all international environmental conventions to which Ghana is party, including the United Nations Convention on Combating Desertification. GECCA will consist of an operational secretariat within Ministry of Environment, Science & Technology, and a Project Advisory Committee (PAC), comprising representatives of 14 key stakeholders, including all key Ministries involved in implementing sustainable land management activities. PAC may establishment sub-groups for oversight of specific conventions or technical areas. At the senior policy level, the PAC will have recourse to the Inter-Ministerial Policy Committee on environment, including key ministers and chaired by the Vice President. • The Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) is being established to coordinate the Sustainable Development Initiative for the Northern Savanna. Following severe flooding in the north in 2007, 2008 and 2009, the NDI strategy was approved by Parliament in December 2009 as a comprehensive strategy for closing the development gap with the rest of the country whilst increasing resilience to climatic extremes. SADA will be overseen by a Board with a small secretariat, and have a strategy, policy and coordination mandate within the savannah ecological zone, including the three northern regions and areas of Barong-Ahafo Region. An Act establishing the Authority, its mandate and working arrangements with other MDAs will be elucidated in an Act expected to be passed by Parliament before Project Approval. P M O Project management will be under the leadership of the Ministry of Environment, Science & Technology (MEST). The National Sustainable Land Management Committee (NSLMC) will act as the Project Steering Committee with responsibility for oversight and guidance, as well as providing technical advice and access to latest international SLWM expertise and experience. MEST will have responsibility for project coordination at the national level. Their responsibilities will include: coordinating, consolidating and reviewing implementation plans, budget & reports; M&E and appraising performance of implementing agencies; and ensuring the timely provision and quality of documentation provided to the Project Steering Committee and World Bank task manager. To ensure local ownership and appropriate attention to capacity needs, District Project Steering Committees will be established in each District with on-the-ground implementation. District Project Steering Committees will be chaired by the District Chief Executive, with representation from relevant district agencies and the District Assembly, and will approve approaches and plans for implementation of project activities within the District. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A I C A SADA will carry out activities under Component 1 for macro-level watershed mapping, planning and development of a strategy to link project activities into regional programs. Most of the activities will be carried out by consultants recruited by MEST under terms of reference prepared / cleared and supervised by SADA. Preference will be given to consultant proposals that involve local universities or technical institutes. SADA is also expected to play a coordination & advocacy role, to promote the watershed management approach in district planning, although modalities will depend on the statutory powers and operating procedures under which it will eventually function. The Environment Protection Agency (EPA) of MEST will be responsible for supporting much of the implementation of activities under Component 2. Under guidance of NSLMC, the EPA will be responsible for the selection of SLWM technologies for inclusion, and convening the expert conference to define the environmental services index. Technical support to most field activities in the three northern Regions will be provided through a Technical Coordination Office (TCO) to be established at the EPA office in Bolgatanga. It will function to support frontline implementation of SLWM-related activities via: coordination of district implementing agencies and staff, particularly dialoguing and providing guidance on the design of SLWM implementation and PES processes within each pilot district; and coordinating and overseeing specialized technical activities for which NGOs or technical institutes will be engaged, including preparation and provision of training programs for pilot districts in participatory micro-watershed planning and extension for implementation of SLWM technologies, monitoring of environmental services and verification of performance under PES contracts. The TCO will be a small unit, comprised of a consultant technical coordinator, a small number of (likely part-time) seconded staff from a range of MDAs at the regional and district levels, and a modest GIS capacity to manage and present spatial data in support of spatial planning and monitoring activities under components 1, 2 and 3. More complicated GIS tasks involving the capture and generation of data, would be outsourced. Activities in reserves and Wildlife Corridors will be coordinated and managed from the Forestry Commission Regional Office in Bolgatanga. The office will have responsibility for administrative support and fiduciary management. The office will have responsibility for producing operational plans, budgets and reports, and for conducting routine M&E for subcomponent 2.4. Field implementation will utilize the existing structures of the Forestry Commission of the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources. This department is entrusted with responsibility for coordinating the implementation of all forest sector projects, including those that are externally-funded. Through its regional offices in the three northern regions (Upper East, Upper West and the Northern region) the Forestry Commission will be responsible for the planning and implementation of activities in the selected sites in the Western Corridor and for establishment of CREMAs and local monitoring in participation with local communities. More specifically the responsibility for establishing the CREMAs will fall to the Collaborative Resource Management unit within the Wildlife Division. This unit will have EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A a network of Community Wildlife Officers (CWO) based in the field with locally selected field workers in each community. The Forestry Commission’s Wildlife Division (WD) will also implement activities in the Gbele Resource Reserve in collaboration with the Park Management staff (including the Park Director/Manager, 2 wildlife rangers, an administrative assistant and wildlife guards). Specific government agencies (MEST, FC) and NGOs (SNV, ZoFA, CARE international) will be deployed to provide related and necessary technical assistance and training support. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ASSESSMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY AND project approval NEEDS Ghana has developed institutional capacity for relevant safeguards policies in various sectoral ministries with the satisfactory implementation of safeguards instruments under previous Bank operations, including related projects such as the Community-Based Rural Development Project and the Northern Savanna Biodiversity Conservation project, implemented through the same front-line agencies as will be involved in this project. Whilst lacking direct experience of implementing World Bank projects, the Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, through the Environment Protection Agency, oversees national environmental safeguards policies as well as the design of safeguards measures for World Bank projects under other ministries. I R C N E P A The EPA is responsible for ensuring compliance with laid down EIA procedures in Ghana in accordance with the EPA Act 1994, Act 490. The EIA is recognized and applied in Ghana to development projects as well as other undertakings as an environmental permitting pre- requisite and a major environmental management tool. The EPA will clear the safeguards framework, on behalf of the Government of Ghana while all frameworks and action plans will be subject to final clearance from the World Bank. MEST, with support from the EPA, will be responsible for ensuring appropriate inclusion of safeguards procedures in project manuals, reviewing investment plans for compliance and monitoring of safeguards performance overall. With the establishment of the Technical Support Unit, the implementation on the ground would receive support and be strengthened. The Technical Coordination Office (TCO) will have responsibility for monitoring the safeguards performance of front-line implementing agencies, as well as ensuring that suitable material is incorporated into training programs. Safeguards issues will be specifically addressed in project reporting formats, and on the basis of work plans, the TCO will identify activities and settings where safeguards issues are a particular risk, and focus its monitoring and oversight activities on those. The TCO will also establish and maintain a complaints and response database, based on the complaints resolution system designed under the safeguards documents. A sample checklist for impact assessment study is provided in Annex 8. The EPA is directly responsible for ensuring that the environmental requirements of the project are met. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A W R C The functions of the WRC as established under Act 522 among other things are to • Formulate and enforce policies in water resources conservation, development and management in the country; • Coordinate the activities of the various agencies (public and private) in the development and conservation of water resources; • Enforce, in collaboration with relevant agencies, measures to control water pollution; • Be responsible for appraising water resources development project proposals, both public and private, before implementation. F C The law establishing the Commission empowers the Commission to assist the private sector and other bodies with the implementation of forest and wildlife policies by advising and the provision of technical services with regard to matters of resource protection, management and development. Two main divisions of the Forestry Commission will be actively involved in the project and these include: o Forest Services Division; and o Wild life Division. The Forestry Commission offices implementing activities on the ground will be responsible for implementation of safeguards measures reflected in the safeguards documents and various sections of the PIM. The Forestry Commission will also play a key role with regard to permitting or giving approval of activities to be undertaken in a forest/wild life reserve. The Forestry Commission is fully represented in all the three project regions. Activities in reserves and Wildlife Corridors will be coordinated and managed from the Forestry Commission Regional Office in Bolgatanga. G N F S The Ghana National Fire Service will provide for the management of undesired fires and to make provision for related matters. For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the SLWM project, the Service will organise public fire education programmes to create and sustain awareness of the hazards of fire, and heighten the role of the individual especially the CWOs in the prevention of fire; provide technical advice on rescue operations and fire management and help equip CWOs in fire management facilities. D A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A The DAs are responsible for the overall development of the district and its functions include: to prepare and submit development plans and budgets to superior institutions for approval and implementation. DAs (with consultation and guidance from TCO) will have responsibility for most of the on-the-ground implementation, including community engagement, participatory planning, establishing appropriate incentive mixes for community-selected SLWM technology options, establishing contracts with individual farmers, provision of extension services for agricultural SLWM investments and routine field monitoring. They will also see to the implementation of safeguards measures reflected in the safeguards documents. With regard to environmental management at the district level, the District Environmental Management Committees (DEMC) has been set up by law (Act 462) to among other things: • promote and provide guidelines for the establishment of community level environmental committees to put into effect the environmental programmes of the Assembly in the community; • Plan and recommend to the DA, strategies and activities for the improvement and protection of the environment with emphasis on fragile and sensitive areas, river courses etc. The mandate and activities of the DEMC therefore complement the intended environmental actions under the SLWM Project. It is expected that the DAs will effectively use the DEMC as much as possible, to contribute to the project, especially since the EPA structures are not adequate at the district level. DAs will also be represented on the CREMA management team and participate in planning of activities particularly negotiation and agreements of CREMA boundaries. They will also be responsible for legalizing the CREMA constitution within the district and in respect of the Local Government Act (Act 462) by the passing of a district by-law. C Through the participatory micro-watershed mapping and planning process, village communities (and where several villages are involved, Unit Committees) will play a key role in identifying community infrastructure investments, prioritizing SLWM interventions, and establishing the incentive frameworks for adoption of SLWM technologies by individual farmers. Community consultation protocols will ensure representation of potentially vulnerable and under-represented groups. In addition, Water User Committees may be established or strengthened if necessary for management of community infrastructure investments. C EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A The capacity building requirements will mostly be in the form of a training workshop and on the job training. A training workshop on the EAMP should be organized for the following stakeholders: • TCO, DAO and DEMC of DA; • Community Wildlife Officers • Water User Committee • Unit Committee • Beneficiary community; and • Project consultants and contractors. The capacity of project staff at the EPA will be enhanced to provide guidance, and ensure adequate overall environmental supervision of the sub-projects. A All stakeholders will need some orientation if they are to appreciate conditions which trigger environmental action. It is proposed that environmental management issues are included: • In all monthly project site meetings; and • in discussions at all Project review/ evaluation workshops to further sensitise stakeholders. The discussions will assist to assess environmental progress especially with regard to the effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures. There is also the need to promote knowledge on environmental issues at the district and community levels. This approach through the TAs is expected to assist community members to identify their existing beliefs and practices, provide them with information and assist them to analyse the environmental consequences of installing new water points and sanitation facilities. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A potential eNVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL impacts and mitigation measures Although 5 safeguards policies have been triggered, negative social and environmental impacts of activities are expected to be minor. In general, impacts should be positive as the overall aim is to improve land, water and natural habitat management through technologies which also benefit participating communities and individuals. In order to be included in the menu of options for application during the project, an SLWM technology will first need to judged to have a clear (and potentially quantifiable) environmental benefit, which will be denoted by its score on an environmental services index, as determined by an expert panel. All potential adverse impacts are considered for mitigation. Specific measures have been suggested in this section when practicable. Project monitoring will include measures to address both the implementation of mitigation activities and their effectiveness. P E S I The project aims to work with communities to apply soil conservation and mixed cropping techniques, and to improve the management of natural habitats and natural resources. These activities are expected to have the following environmental benefits: • Enhancement of terrestrial biodiversity through improved protection of both wildlife and habitats, more complex agro-ecologies, and improved connectivity between protected areas. • Reduced run-off, soil erosion and risk of desertification. • Improved regulation of hydrological flows and reduced sedimentation of watercourses. • Reduced requirements for agricultural chemicals due to better management of natural soil fertility and promotion of IPM techniques. • Protection of aquatic biodiversity by maintaining dry season flows and reducing sedimentation in water courses. • Increased carbon sequestration from restoration of natural habitats, and higher soil organic content and above ground biomass in agricultural systems. These, and the implementation approach pursued by the project will produce substantial local social benefits, including: • Soil fertility improvement and greater agricultural productivity, with lower dependence on chemical inputs, resulting in greater returns to participating farmers once SLWM technologies have been established. • Improved long-term maintenance of irrigation scheme and/or regulation of stream flow will help maintain or even increase the length of the growing season. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • Diversified livelihoods from wider opportunities in agro-forestry and natural resource based activities, potentially including eco-tourism. • Greater availability of natural resources such as wood, wildlife and medicinal plants. • Increased climate resilience of livelihood systems through (i) improved soil moisture retention and water availability, (ii) livelihood diversification, and (iii) availability of natural resources as insurance against agricultural impacts. • Reduction in risk of major bush fires that endanger property or life. • Community empowerment and organisational capacity building, including greater voice in District-level decision-making through participatory planning, and active promotion of participation of women and appreciation of their critical roles in both agricultural production and natural resource management. P N I M A SLWM SLWM P B SLWM A G R R N W R B F T T P R N I A 1 D M SLWM EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A T E SLWM Activity Social and environmental benefits Social and environmental issues C •E •C •R •I •S •F •R •C •I •O •C • Improved agricultural systems could increase •R water demand •R • Productive agricultural systems could encourage increased use of fertilizers or pesticides •I •R • New farming practices could encourage •R conversion of natural or semi-natural habitats. • Loss of agricultural land for dugouts. A • R • W • M • L • D • C • F • M • P • C • I • L • E G • R • Use of certain tree species can lead to decrease in soil fertility’ nutrients, water, • L etc. • Use of mono tree species create more • P vulnerable conditions for disease, insects, fire, etc; • I • I • R • C • Increase in population at forested areas put more pressure on the natural resource and may have unintended adverse socio- economic results • People’s livelihoods that are dependent on forestry/forest resources may worsen (e.g. Hunters) • P Dry season • P • P gardening and • B • P protection of river banks • F • M • I • H EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • I • C • S • P • C • R • P • R • R • R Fire • I •H management in • R agricultural • P •T landscapes • I •S • R •E •R •D •R •I •C •R • Reduced authority of traditional institutions (chiefs) • overly rigorous fire suppression could alter natural fire-adapted ecologies T M SLWM Potential environmental impact Avoidance / mitigation measure Introduction of harmful species • All species to be included in the menu of SLWM technologies will be screened (based on behaviour in the northern savanna and similar environments) to ensure that they are not invasive, highly water demanding, likely to negatively impact other crops grown nearby, or requirement high application of fertilizer or pesticides. • Mixed farming systems will be encouraged, as opposed to extensive mono-cropping, to reduce pest and market vulnerability. Increased use of agricultural chemicals • Species dependent on high pesticide or fertilizer use will not be introduced. • The project will not finance pesticides except in the very limited circumstances laid out in Annex 1, and may only finance herbicides and fertilizers for limited and targeted application as part of integrated pest or nutrient management approaches. • Integrated pest and nutrient management approaches will be included within SLWM technology packages and capacity building programs as appropriate. • See for Annex 1 for more detail. Increased demand for irrigation • The project will not finance large-scale or diesel pump irrigation. It may finance small-scale pipe or treadle pump irrigation. • The project may finance improvement of existing irrigation schemes or those being introduced by other projects, e.g. through application of more efficient technologies such as drip or pot irrigation, or through capacity building of water user groups for better management and maintenance of irrigation systems, and resolution of water use EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A disputes. Habitat conversion • Agricultural SLWM technologies will only be supported on existing farmlands. • The project will not finance conversion of natural habitats to cropland or plantation, nor directly finance large-scale irrigation. • The project will finance improved natural habitat management in CREMAs and through improved fire management. Overly rigorous fire suppression • The project will support improved fire management through controlled early burning, rather than outright fire suppression. • Village fire volunteers may receive training and basic equipment, but will not be encouraged to directly tackle large and dangerous fires. Harvesting of wild species • CREMA plans will be discussed and developed on the basis of enhancing wildlife and natural resource stocks. • Increased extractive use of natural resources will only be supported where populations are sufficiently robust, and subject to community monitoring systems. On-farm earthworks • Only as part of SLWM subprojects selected by land owners & users (i.e. no land acquisition – see RPF for more details). • Only within existing fields, or in near-field sites involving habitats that are degraded and/or common within the agricultural landscape. • Water-harvesting structures (e.g. dugouts) may be constructed along ephemeral streams or eroded drainage lines, but not within well- vegetated, perennial watercourses. • Local-labor-intensive construction techniques only; no work camps will be established. • If any heavy equipment is required, it must be used with appropriate PPE and under qualified supervision. • Earthworks must be conducted during the dry season. • For excavations (i.e. of dugouts), (i) spoil should be used for bunding if possible, or otherwise left in low mounds (<1m height) at least 10m from water courses, and (ii) top soil must be piled separately and used to cover spoil. • Chance finds of artefacts suspected to have cultural or historical value will result in: (i) immediate cessation or work and notification of a project officer; (ii) inspection by TCO to determine if genuine a genuine chance PCR find is likely involved, and if so (iii) notification of Ministry of Chieftaincy & Culture to determine appropriate steps before work may continue. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A T P Activity Potential Impact/ Issue Potential significance Required mitigation Construction Stage Access • Damage to natural habitats Med • Labor-intensive construction methods will minimize need for heavy from new access routes equipment. Contractors must stick to routes agreed in advance with park management, making use of existing access, and avoiding rare or especially sensitive habitats. Construction during dry season, when soils are hard and vehicles can pass with little damage to savanna vegetation. • Use of new access routes Lo – poachers do not • Regular patrolling presence whilst access is open. for poaching require access suitable for 4-wheel vehicles Work camps • Vegetation clearance Lo • Camp sites to be agreed with park management, avoiding rare or especially sensitive habitats. No cutting of trees of burning allowed (other than controlled burning by park management). • Sanitary waste from work Lo • Camp size restricted to max 30. Black and brown water, and food waste must camps be disposed of in pits at least 50m from water course. • Solid waste Lo • Solid waste should be removed where feasible. Inert waste (e.g. concrete) may be buried to at least 50cm depth. • Hazardous waste Lo • No regular vehicle maintenance within reserve. If emergency maintenance is required, sheeting must be used to catch oil and then removed. All other hazardous waste (e.g. batteries, chemicals) must be removed. • Poaching & harvesting by Med • No hunting or harvesting activity or equipment allowed. Workers must be workers supervised. Rangers will inspect camps and surrounding areas, and check food supply for workers. • Disturbance to wildlife Lo – limited period of • Construction or camps not allowed at locations / times critical for wildlife use. activity at any one site Use of heavy equipment minimized. Use of loud entertainment equipment not permitted. Med • Awareness for workers. Campfires and cigarette disposal only allowed in pre- • Fire risk determined locations. If high risk of fire in work or camp area, controlled early burn may be carried out by park management ahead of time. Lo – little heavy • Safety • Heavy machinery only to be used by experienced operators with appropriate machinery to be used PPE, and under supervision if in presence of other workers. Basic first-aid kit and at least 1 person trained in use at each camp. Lo- small groups of • Health risks • Sanitation awareness for workers. Bed nets available. locals in dry season Construction • Sedimentation of water Lo • Work to be carried out during dry season in low or no flow setting. If there is work courses significant flow during in-stream works, silt screens will be placed EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A downstream. • Downstream scouring Lo • Dykes will generally be constructed in areas with hard substrate. If there is a risk of scouring of the river bed at the end of the spillway, suitable protection (e.g. rip-rap) will be included in the design. • Destruction of river bed Med • Dykes will not be sited within or close to known spawning grounds or other habitat rare or potentially valuable sections of stream bed. • Inundation of riparian Lo – max height of • Sites will be selected where area of inundation is mostly within stream channel, habitat dykes <2m and does not include rare or potentially sensitive riparian habitats. • Disturbance of wildlife Lo – limited period of • Construction or camps not allowed at locations / times critical for wildlife use. activity at any one site Use of heavy equipment minimized. • Aesthetics Med • Natural materials will be used on exterior of dykes, with concrete cores largely hidden. • Chance PCR finds Lo • Chance finds of artefacts suspected to have cultural or historical value will result in: (i) immediate cessation or work and notification of a project officer; (ii) inspection by TCO to determine if genuine a genuine chance PCR find is likely involved, and if so (iii) notification of Ministry of Chieftaincy & Culture to determine appropriate steps before work may continue. Sourcing • Destruction of habitats Med • Borrow pit sites must be agreed with park management, and will be located borrow outside of the reserve wherever feasible. Top soil must be stored and replaced. No pits may be sited on river banks. Operation and Maintenance Stage Human- • Use by livestock increases Med • Dyke sites will not be located close to existing grazing lands, and will be wildlife competition with wildlife subject to regular patrolling to ensure park regulations are respected. conflict • Hunters attracted to water Hi • Regulated fishing may be allowed at some sites but not hunting, ban will be points enforced by regular patrolling presence. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A N The project is based on a flexible design in which new SLWM technologies or conservation activities. To avoid any inadvertent environmental impacts from unforeseen activities, either in the course of promoting SLWM technologies on agricultural land or improving management of natural habitats, the project will not finance any on-the-ground activities that do not have a demonstrable environmental benefit, including: • Conversion of natural habitat to agricultural land. • Purchase of pesticides (except for very limited circumstances laid out in Annex 1). • Large-scale or diesel pump irrigation. • Introduction of any species known or suspected of being detrimental to local biodiversity or hydrological balance. • Firearms, chainsaws, or hunting equipment. • Large-scale civil works (but may fund investments complementary to community infrastructure constructed under the SOP project, and subject to its safeguards procedures). • Any other civil works, other than those (i) required for improved conservation area management as part of a balanced protected area or CREMA management plan, or (ii) required for on farm SLWM technologies, including ridging, bunding, etc, small-scale piped irrigation development (but not new irrigation channels), and small water- harvesting structures, up to dugouts of maxmimum capacity 250m3 (but not dams). In addition, any project activity that may arise during the course of implementation and which is not adequately addressed in the scope of the table above will be assessed for safeguards impacts in accordance with the general screening tools in annexes 3-8, and subject to approval by the EPA (and notification of the World Bank). EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ENVIRONMENTAL Management plan and monitoring component The Environmental Management Plan presented under this section considers institutional arrangements required to implement the environmental actions, including capacity building and monitoring activities. The cost of the mitigation measures will be largely folded into regular project implementation costs, with the exception of the contractors’ obligations for construction of spillway dykes, which will be incorporated into the contractors’ costs under the contract. S As the issues are neither expansive nor complicated, processes for screening and addressing environmental safeguards issues will be incorporated into the general design and implementation of project activities. EPA will have responsibility for reviewing safeguards compliance of implementing agencies on the ground in line with its national mandate. • SLWM S SLWM SLWM EPA T SLWM T I I SLWM SLWM I EPA D SLWM T TCO EPA SLWM R TCO • CREMA G R MEST EPA EAMP F C R FC EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • S M G R R R F C A F C EPA • A TCO EPA T TCO EPA A A TCO MEST A All these arrangements will be subject to regular supervision and post review as requested by the World Bank. E T S In order to ensure proper implementation of the EAMP, the project will undertake environmental training and sensitization at the national, regional and community levels for those involved in the implementation, and over the life cycle of the project. F • I • R • S T GEF SLWM P • S DA EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • E D • S NGO • E TCO FC C B Project institutions need to understand the purpose of the EAMP, their expected roles and the extent to which the EAMP will facilitate the respective statutory functions. This will engender the required collaboration for the EAMP implementation. T T • Project coordinators (MEST,SADA, NLSC, PAC) • D A D E M C DEMC • District Coordinating Office staff (including the Planning officers); • Relevant Decentralized Departments of the Das (particularly agricultural extension staff); • EPA staff in the three Regional Offices; • W F S D • I NGO L S P • B C CWMA CREMA • Consultants and Contractors. The broad areas for capacity building include the following: • General project planning and management inter-faced with environmental and social assessment and management; • Inclusion of environmental mitigation measures & penalties in small works contracts and contractor supervision; • Environmental screening and monitoring; and • Public participation techniques and procedures. I C S P The table below describes the capacity strengthening programme for the implementation of the EAMP. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A T I C S P P B EAMP I Description Application Target Duratio Estimate Audience n (Days) Budget (GH ¢) General environmental training Personnel require knowledge of EPA, TCO & 2 40,000.00 seminar that will Ghana & World WB and national FC staff Bank policy frameworks and environmental policies, as well working on responsibilities, nature and as specific issues and project consequences of environmental responsibilities related to the issues relevant to project, EAMP, project. and environmental and social screening tools. Environmental issues related to land Extension service providers are DAs, District 7 N/A – management, PES approaches and able to ensure that SLWM staff and other included rationale, inadvertent impacts that technologies are applied extension within general could arise from poorly designed correctly and identify potential service training on SLWM techniques, specific project environmental issues. providers. supporting responsibilities for overseeing implementatio application of SLWM technologies, n of SLWM and identifying and reporting technologies potential problems/ Potential impacts of small works in Formation of appropriate TCO & FC 2 30,000.00 sensitive natural habitats (especially contracts, sensitization and (including protected areas), contractual tools for appropriate selection of Wildlife & environmental mitigation, specific contractors, and supervision of Forest Services mitigation measures & supervision dyke construction. Divisions) staff responsibilities with respect to working on construction of spillway dykes. project. Benefits of SLWM, natural resource Understanding and support for Participating 3 N/A – management and biodiversity project activities. communities included conservation. Principles and rationale within of PES. Potential environmental participatory issues and warning signs relevant to planning the project. exercises The total incremental cost of the institutional strengthening and capacity building for the implementation of the EAMP is estimated at a lump sum of GH ¢ 70,000.00. These estimates include local travel expenses. M I Environmental and social monitoring during implementation is done in order to measure the success of the mitigation measures. Monitoring is a key component of the EAMP during project implementation. It is essential that the basis for the choices and decisions made in the activity design and other environmental and social safeguard measures implemented are verified. Monitoring will verify the effectiveness of impact management, including the extent to which mitigation measures are successfully implemented. Monitoring of the general project and the specific sub-project activities will help to: EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • Improve environmental and social management practices; and • Provide the opportunity to report the results on safeguards, impacts and mitigation measures implementation. Table 6 below describes the activities and monitoring responsibilities T M R Activity EAMP-related monitoring Responsibility (instruments) SLWM • Implementation of SLWM options •D SLWM according to specification • No conversion of natural habitat •D SLWM MEST • Agricultural chemical use and pests •D • Water balance •D H • N •W D • R • CREMA Spillway dyke • R • GRR construction • C • FC Screening of • Potential impacts from SLWM plans • TCO new activities flagged. • Potential impacts from CREMA plans • FC CREMA flagged. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A CONSULTATION The public and private sector consultative workshop with stakeholders took place on the 4th of May, 2010 while the community consultative workshop took place on the 5th of May, 2010. Both consultative workshops were held in Bolgatanga in the Upper East Region of Ghana, and the reports have been appended as Annex 2. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A REFERENCES Acheampong, A. B., 2001. Environmental Assessment of Northern Savanna Biodiversity Conservation Project (NSBCP)-Draft Report. Ministry of Lands and Forestry, Republic of Ghana. Centre for Environmental and Health Research and Training (CEHRT), 2010. Environmental and Social Management Framework, Social Opportunity Project-Draft Report. MLGRD, Republic of Ghana. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1995. Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure. Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2004. Ghana State of Environment Report. Ghana Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water, 2009. Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (EAMP) for the NORTHERN SAVANNA III/GEF-SLWM Projects, Nigeria Government of Ghana, 2004. Environmental and Social Management Framework, Ghana Community Based Rural Development Project. Ghana MoFA and FAO, 2007. Draft Irrigation Policy, Strategies and Regulatory Measures. Ministry of Food and Agriculture and Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, pp. 1-27. MoFA, 2007. Food and Agricultural Sector Development Policy (FASDEP II) First Draft-Second Revision. Ministry of Food and Agricultural, Government of Ghana, pp. 1-56. NDPC/ EPA (2002). Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy. Handbook for District Development Plan Sustainability Appraisals EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ANNEXES Annex 1 Pest Management Plan Annex 2 Consultation Report Annex 3 Environmentally Sensitive/Critical Areas Annex 4 Criteria for Environmental Screening of Sub-Projects to be used by communities and assisted by TAs Annex 5 EPA Form EA1 Annex 6 Guide for Completing an Environmental Assessment Registration Form Annex 7 LEA Form Annex 8 Checklists for Impact Assessment Study Annex 9 Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies Annex 10 Description of Spillway Dykes EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ANNEX 1 PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN (PMP) Introduction The Pest Management Plan (PMP) has been prepared as an integral part of the EAMP with reference to the World Bank safeguard policy on Pest Management (OP 4.09). Use of pesticides is not heavy in the project area, and in general the project will not support or finance pesticide use. Nevertheless, it is possible that the project activities could lead to increased and new agricultural activities which in turn could bring about an increase in the use of pesticides. The improper application of these pesticides can be harmful to both the environment and public health. This Plan has also been prepared to ensure that the project does not increase the environmental impacts of pesticide use, and where possible decreases them, in line with its environmental objectives. The objective of the World Bank safeguard policy on Pest Management (OP 4.09) is to promote the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides and ensure that health and environmental hazards associated with pesticides are minimized. Pest populations are to be controlled through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches such as biological control, cultural practices, and the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to the pest. Objective The plan extends the coverage in section 6 of increased pesticide use as a potential side effect of introduction of improved SLWM technologies. It provides project stakeholders with clearer guidelines on the project approach to managing the use of pesticides. The specific objectives of the PMP are to: • E SLWM • M • P IPM SLWM Rationale The Pest Management Plan (PMP) addresses the GEF-SLWM project concerns about pests. It stresses the need to monitor and mitigate negative environmental and social impacts of the project and promote ecosystem management. Some hazards associated with the use of pesticides on human health, environment and crops are described in the table below which further emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to the management of pests. Table 1: Pesticide problems relating to health, environment and crops Hazards to health Hazards to Environment Hazards to crops EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Acute poisoning: 3 million Contamination of drinking water and Pesticide resistance: poisonings including 20,000 ground water. 520 species of insects and mites, 150 unintentional deaths occur annually Water contamination kills fish. plant diseases; and 113 weeds are (WHO). Soil contamination. resistant to pesticides (FAO). Symptoms of acute poisoning Wildlife and domestic animals can Resistance can create treadmill include severe headaches, nausea, be killed by spray drift or drinking syndrome, as farmers use increasing depression vomiting, diarrhoea, eye contaminated water. inputs to little effect, while irritation, severe fatigue and skin Exposure may also cause infertility elimination of beneficial insects rashes. and behavioural disruption. Causes secondary pest outbreaks. Chronic ill-health problems can Persistence in the environment and High cost of pesticides can lead to affect women and men, girls and accumulation in the food chain leads falling incomes for farmers: boys exposed to pesticides, whether to diverse environmental impacts. Newer products are often safer, but because of their occupation or Loss of biodiversity in natural and are more expensive. because they live near areas of use. agricultural environments Farming communities lose Such problems can include knowledge of good horticultural neurological disorders, cancers, practices and become dependent on infertility and birth defects and other expensive external inputs. reproductive disorders. General approach As pesticide use in the project area amongst small-scale farmers is light, this is not expected to be a major focus of project activity. However, the design and environmental impact screening of SLWM options for inclusion in the project will ensure that: • Use of pesticides is not promoted or funded under the SLWM options selected, with the exception of the case that live mulching techniques are included that require the application of herbicide. In such an event, only the use of glyphosate will be supported, and on the basis of safe minimal effective application. • If other SLWM options are included which are considered in the safeguard and expert review processes to be likely to increase the need or demand for pesticides, appropriate IPM techniques will be incorporated into the SLWM option to mitigate that demand. Pesticide use and pest issues amongst project participants will by surveyed annually by extensionists in the course of the annual review of contract performance. If this monitoring indicates that unanticipated significant pesticide use or serious pest issues are associated with introduced SLWM technologies, then a more robust intervention to promote IPM techniques will be undertaken, as described in the sections below. This contingency plan would not just involve participants in SLWM contracts, but would be open to all members of project communities. CONTINGENCY ACTION PLAN FOR ROBUST IPM APPROACH The rationale behind the Plan is illustrated in the matrix below which confirms the results expected from the development and implementation of the Pest Management Plan. T P Narrative summary Expected results Performance Assumptions/risks indicators EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Goal: Empower crop •F • E • Government and livestock farmers to policies continue to contribute significantly support food to household and security programme national economies through environmentally friendly pest N S management practices. R Purpose Medium-term results/outcomes 1. To prevent losses •F N S •A caused by pests in R order to increase IPM •P profitability of agriculture. IPM 2. In the longer term, •F N S strengthen national •L R and local capacity to W B reduce environmental •L and health risks associated with pest management practices. •T • GEF SLWM IPM •C IPM EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A T C Actions Expected results Milestones Performance indicators Assumptions/risks 1. Record stakeholders’ views on Result 1: Members of • Pest problems diagnosed and • Type and nature of Social, economic and crop and livestock pests. FCAs and other relevant related IPM opportunities participatory methods for political situation 2. Conduct field diagnosis to stakeholder groups identified problem analysis remain stable specify pests that undermine develop common • Potential constraints farmers may • Inventory of alien invasive agriculture. understanding of key pest face in the use of the technologies species and quarantine pests 3. Identify farmers’ coping problems and agree on specified • Types and availability of mechanisms and researcher corrective action. • Pest lists including quarantine pests natural enemies for use in recommended IPM options and alien invasive species biological control of named against the pests. developed. pest. 4. Develop and explain historical • Potential for improving existing • Types and availability of profile of pesticide use and pest control practices assessed microbial pesticides and other pest control practices. • Pest monitoring schemes for early botanical pesticides to replace 5. Specify partnership warning on alien invasive species chemical pesticides opportunities at local, national and migratory pests are organized • Type and number of crop and international levels to assist and functional rotation schemes to reduce in the implementation of the • Action plan for location-specific build up of named pest species PMP IPM activities developed • Type of composting and mulching as alternatives to mineral fertilizers • List of principal actors and of partners EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Table 3 (contd.): Component activities and expected results of the PMP Action Expected results Milestones Performance indicators Assumptions/risks 1. Develop participatory learning Result 2: Human • PLM • Type and number of PLMs developed Farmers adopt and modules (PLM) in line with resource capacity for • Type of IPM skills covered in study visits apply new improved farmers identified training needs IPM delivery and by agric staff technologies. 2. Conduct short to medium term implementation • Number of farmers’ learning groups users and their service training of farmer support groups developed. • implemented providers comply with on skills relevant to the PLMs • Gender and number of extension agents international 3. Organize international study • F and of farmers trained. conventions guiding visits on specialized IPM skills of • Gender and number of trained farmers pesticide use and MRLs relevance to the PLMs engaged in participatory extension in trade 4. Intensify training of men and • Extent to which new knowledge/skills are Critical mass of staff women farmers in IPM used by extension agents & farmers to trained remain within knowledge and skills. IPM promote adoption of IPM options the Northern Savanna 5. Promote farmer-led extension • Number & type of IPM information communities to increase secondary adoption of materials developed/disseminated proven IPM options • A • Number and type of new IPM options 6. Strengthen researcher-farmer- introduced and adopted. extension linkages through • Gender and number of farmers adopting participatory research on issues IPM technologies. emerging from farmer training IPM • Area of crops under IPM 7. Develop/disseminate IPM • I decision-support information • A • T resources for field agents, farmers, policy makers, and the general public • S EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Table 3 (contd.): Component activities and expected results of the PMP Action Expected results Milestones Performance indicators Assumptions/risks 1. Test and promote Result 3: Harmful • Local commercial enterprises initiated • Level of reduction in Government and botanical alternatives to pesticide regimes and/or strengthened to produce and/or chemical pesticide use; type development partners synthetic pesticides. replaced by market botanical pesticides and number of pesticides remain committed to 2. Test and romote microbial environmentally • At least one botanical pesticide widely replaced by botanical or international alternatives to synthetic friendly alternatives microbial pesticides conventions and used in place of chemical pesticides guidelines on safe pesticides • Number of commercial • At least one microbial pesticide registered pesticide use D IPM enterprises engaged in the and widely used in place of chemical production of botanical Critical mass of staff pesticides pesticides; and quality of the trained remain within • Surveillance systems to protect Northern products Savanna zone. Savanna agriculture from banned/harmful • Volume of sale of microbial pesticide regimes is fully operational E IPM and botanical pesticides • Existing pesticide regulations are fully • Level of compliance with enforced World Bank safeguard W B • A multi-stakeholder National IPM policies by Northern Savanna P OP BP advisory and oversight committee farmers and pesticide established to guide compliance with dealers/service providers international conventions and guidelines • Effectiveness of the IPM on pesticide use, and promote the IPM advisory and oversight S IPM development committee • Radio and other public campaigns on • Number of pest surveillance impact of pesticides in agriculture, groups and pesticide law environment and health conducted through enforcement mechanisms radio and TV spots, mass field days, rural market days, information workshops, and • Effectiveness of public focus groups discussions awareness of campaign EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTINGENCY PLAN Implementation Strategies GEF-SLWM will use the following specific strategies to achieve an effective pest management process. Education and awareness creation The GEF-SLWM Project will create awareness among workers and farmers of the importance of pest management. Availability of Information: The GEF-SLWM Project will ensure that all farmers practicing Sustainable Land Management Technologies have access to information regarding declared pest plants. Education and Training: The project coordinators and implementers will incorporate pest management awareness into environmental training programs. Pests Inventory The project will identify the types, abundance and location of pest plants and animals by conducting surveys. So that regular pest surveys will be carried out and the data collected will be managed in a standardized way so that trends can be determined. Communication The GEF-SLWM Project coordinators and implementers will communicate the content of the Pest Management Plan and include follow up activities through interactions with: Local Government: The PMP implementers will establish on-going communication with Local Government pest management representatives. Other Interested Parties: The project will inform such groups or individuals of its pest management policies, practices and achievements as required. Planning The PMP implementers will coordinate the pest management process with all relevant landholders, and all activities that may have an impact on pest management will be identified and included in the pest management planning process. Contacts will be established with significant neighboring land managers and consult with them when appropriate and co-ordinate management activities with the other nominated government agencies when appropriate. Prevention of new Pest Infestations The PMP will endeavor to treat and manage new pest infestations as soon as they are identified. Early Detection and Eradication: A process for the reporting and identification of unusual plants and animals will be established. Pest surveys will be conducted on a regular basis to detect new EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A infestations and a rapid response process for the management of new infestations will be established. Prevention of Spread: The PMP will establish protocols for appropriately managing risks of all human assisted transport of declared pests. Management of established Pests The PMP will ensure that established pest infestations are effectively managed. Priorities for pest management will be regularly reviewed. These will include the reduction of Class 3 pests (environmental weeds) where appropriate. The impact on non-target species, particularly those of environmental significance, will be minimized. Monitoring and Evaluation There will be regular monitoring and evaluation of control programs to determine the level of progress being made in controlling the spread of declared plants and the reduction of infested areas. Reporting Annual report on the progress of pest management on the farming sites will be prepared. The reports will indicate the pests treated, location of pests, level of success of treatment and the amount and type of herbicide used. Capacity building issues The success of IPM depends largely on developing and sustaining institutional and human capacity to facilitate informed decision making by farmers, and empowering farmers to integrate scientific and traditional knowledge to solve location-specific problems, and respond to market opportunities. Poor communication between farmers, extension agents and researchers has often led to poorly-targeted research or to poor adoption of promising options generated by research. The full benefits of investments in agricultural research thereby remain untapped under these circumstances. Farmer participatory research (FPR) and participatory learning (PL) approaches in capacity building efforts help to bridge this gap and make research results more understandable and useful by farmers. This is particularly the case in knowledge intensive disciplines such as IPM. Farmers will have the capacity to accurately identify and diagnose pests and pest problems, understand trophic relationships that underpin biological control opportunities, and use such knowledge to guide pesticide and other kinds of interventions. Through the participatory approaches GEF-SLWM will build local capacity to ensure rapid spread and adoption of ecologically sound and environmentally friendly management practices in Northern Savanna communities. The farmers will learn biological and ecological processes underpinning IPM options, and use the newly acquired knowledge to choose compatible methods to reduce losses in production and post-harvest storage. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A A foundation element of the capacity building exercise is the accurate diagnosis of the pest problem and to provide baseline information that will enable stakeholder groups to develop a shared vision on felt needs and IPM strategies. Through informal interviews, field visits, and planning meetings, stakeholder groups will develop joint understanding of the key issues affecting production and develop a common IPM plan based on agreed concerns. The PMP implementation will be anchored at the district level with field action by farmer groups which will receive training and advisory services from MoFA, appropriate NGOs, and community leaders who would have graduated from Training of Trainers (ToT) sessions. Training at all levels will be based on participatory learning modules for capacity building in IPM information delivery. The participants will be equipped with skills in facilitation, group dynamics, and non-formal education methods to encourage adult learning. Farmer training will focus on farmers’ group learning for informed decision making on IPM issues. Group learning will be experimental through farmer-led field trials and discussions on practical aspects of crop and livestock production and pest management including indigenous knowledge/technologies. Farmer group learning will be facilitated by ToT trained men and women extension agents. Group decision making will be achieved through AgroEcosystem Analysis (AESA) involving a comparison of IPM practices with normal farmer practices. At each AESA, farmers observe, record and monitor changes in soil, crop/livestock and trophic relationships affecting crop/livestock growth. Farmers analyse and discuss their findings and recommend corrective action based on the results of their own analyses. Group learning helps to increase scientific literacy, ownership of biological and ecological information and knowledge, and informed decisions making habits in the communities. Also trained farmers will be expected to promote secondary adoption of proven options. For example, each farmer trained will train at least 10 new farmers through demonstrations and farm visits. Additionally the farmers will organize field days to train other farmers and explain new/improved IPM practices they have learnt. Field day participants will include representatives of national and local policy makers from government, development agencies, NGOs, rural and national press media, researcher institutes, and national extension services. Institutional Arrangements Annual work plans will be developed in consultation with participating communities and in line with their respective local action plans to indicate institutions and networks that will be required to provide research and development support. The principal actors will include a number of local institutions directly involved in implementing the PMP while other agencies (partners) will include international and national institutions to provide technical and other support for implementation of the plan. These are explained in the table below. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A T A A P T The partners will be IPM experts who: • Serve as technical reviewers for IPM activities. • C IPM T • Provide technical support in pest and natural enemy • O identification IPM • Assist to organize study tours and networking with • F international IPM groups. • P • Provide expertise in planning, training and field IPM implementation of IPM • P Examples of partners: PMP • M IPM 1. The CGIAR System wide Program on Integrated Pest • D Management (SP-IPM) which is dedicated to breaking isolation barriers to the full realization of E IPM research results M F A M FA 2. The Global IPM Facility which assists interested Governments and NGOs to initiate, develop and R I C S expand IPM programmes mostly through farmer field I R CSIR U school training. DA 3. Research institutes and NGOs R EPA M E S T M H Coordination Responsibilities EPA, with input from MoFA thru the NSLMC, would standardize training needs across sites; and organize national workshops to develop participatory learning modules. They will liaise with DAs to plan training implementation; provide technical support such as in preparing and delivering specific training materials, and evaluating resource materials; identify and select suitable local training resource persons and materials; and prepare training progress reports. The DAs will collaborate with MoFA and EPA to identify and organize farmers groups for training; prepare, organize and supervise training implementation plan; verify reports of persisting pest problems and farmers training needs; monitor performance of farmer trainers and post-training assignments; and prepare training progress reports Monitoring and Evaluation The following monitoring indicators will be incorporated into a participatory monitoring and evaluation plan. Table 5: Monitoring Indicators EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A No Area Indicators 1.0 Training and Types and number of participatory learning modules (PLM) delivered; awareness creation Category and number of extension agents and farmers trained and reached with each PLM; Category and number of participants reached beyond baseline figures; Practical skills/techniques most frequently demanded by extension agents and farmers; and Crop/livestock management practices preferred by farmers. 2.0 Technology Category and number of farmers who correctly apply the skills they had acceptance/ field learnt; application New management practices adopted most by farmers; Category and number of other farmers trained by project trained farmers; Types of farmer-innovations implemented; Level of pest damage and losses; Rate of adoption of IPM practices; Impact of the adoption of IPM on production performance of farmers 3.0 Project direct I benefits I S L N FCA Sustainability issues Scientific information, adapted into user-friendly format will strengthen training and extension delivery, and increase IPM literacy in project communities. Strategic alliances with international IPM groups will strengthen national capacities to integrate new IPM options in crop and livestock production. Farmer-educational activities will be central to the exit strategy which will feature increased roles and responsibilities of committed national and local communities to take primary responsibilities in the development of action plans and expertise exchange for IPM development and promotion. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Implementation Budget A budget estimate of USD229,500 is required to implement the Contingency Plan during a 5- year period, and this is provided in the table below. Table 6: Budget estimates Activity Budget, USD Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total 1.0 Capacity Building 1.1 IPM orientation workshop 8,0000 5,000 13,000 1.2 Training of trainers 15,000 15,000 1.3 Farmer group training 7,000 6,000 13,000 1.4 Study visits 10,000 10,000 10,000 10000 40,000 Sub total 36,000 16,000 72,000 2.0 Advisory services 2.1 IPM problem diagnosis 6,000 5,000 5,000 16,000 2.2 Field guides/ IPM materials 5,000 6,000 5,000 16,000 2.3 Public awareness/ sensitization 5,000 6,000 6,000 5,000 5,000 27,000 campaigns 2.4 Pest/ vector surveillance 4,000 4,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 17,000 Sub total 20,000 21,000 19,000 8,000 8,000 76,000 3.0 Environmental management 3.1 Equipment, bed nets, chemicals 3,000 6,000 3,000 3,000 15,000 3.2 Support to IPM R&D 7,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 27,000 Sub total 10,000 16,000 8,000 8,000 42,000 4.0 Project management 4.1 PMP coordination 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 12,500 4.2 Monitoring and evaluation 5,000 5,000 10,000 7,000 27,000 Sub total 7,500 7,500 12,500 9,500 2,500 39,500 FINAL TOTAL 229,500 EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A LIST OF BANNED AND PERMITTED PESTICIDES IN GHANA EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ANNEX 2 REPORTS ON CONSULTATIVE WORKSHOP WITH STAKEHOLDERS REPORT ON PUBLIC SECTOR CONSULTATIVE WORKSHOP WITH STAKEHOLDERS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE LAND AND WATER MANGEMENT (SLWM) WORKSHOP FOR MDA’S AND NGO’S ON THE 4TH OF MAY, 2010, BOLGATANGA. Invitation and Attendance List Invitation List Participants (MDA’S and NGO’S) MINISTRY,DEPT, AGENCY NO. OF REMARKS (MDA’S) & NGO’s PARTICIPANTS District Planning Officers 8 Builsa, Bawku-West, Bolgatanga, Kassena-Nankana West District Coordinating Directors (DCD) 8 Builsa, Bawku-West, Bolgatanga, Kassena-Nankana West Regional Planning Coordinating Unit 1 Bolga (RPCU) Regional Coordinating Council (RCC) 4 Bolga Wildlife Division 3 Bolga, Gbele, Mole White Volta Basin Office 1 Bolga MOFA 11 3 Regional Directors and 8 District heads Forestry Services Division (FSD) 3 Bolga, Wa, Tamale GNADO 1 Kassena-Nankana West ZOVFA 1 Bawku-West TRAX 1 Bolgatanga Municipality Total 42 EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ATTENDANCE LIST O. NAME INSTITUTION ADDRESS DISTRICT/ E-MAIL/PHONE NO. MUNICIPALIT Y Hon. Mark Regional Minister Box 50, Bolga Bolgatanga -- Wayongo Isaac C. Acquah EPA Box M326, Accra Accra iacquah@epafna.org Julius Awaegra GNADO Box 55, Paga Kassena- Gnado2009@hotmail.com Nankana West Samuel Abaane The Enquirer Box 94, Bolga Bolgatanga Sammyanaba#@jyahoo.com Anaba Musah Lansah Style Radio Box 595, Bolga Bolgatanga alikjl@yahoo.com Akolgo Ayamdo EPA, Bolga Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga 0245716803 Mukasa Zoogah Talensi-Nabdam Box 576, Bolga Talensi-Nabdam 0208288666 District Assembly Jibriel A. Ustayz Kassena-Nankana Box 1, Paga Kassena- 0278541969 West District Nankana West Assembly S. M. Billey Bawku West Box1, Zebilla Bawku West 0244021907 District Assembly Mohaw Issahaku Builsa District Ass. Box 3, Sandema Builsa 0244154842 Abukari alhassan Ghana Broad. Box , Bolga Bolga 07223066 Corporation Zenabu Wasai- EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolga King Owiredu Gideon MOFA Box , Tongo Talensi-Nabdam Owiredobi2005@yahoo.com Dr. Nicholas Kilddi MEST Box M232, Accra micholasiddi@yahoo.com Henry Aryeetey Energy PM6, Ministries, Henry.aryeetey@guel.com Commission Accra Delah Nutsukpo MOFA Box M37, Accra delahNusukpo@hotmail.com Yaw Kwakye Forestry Box 427, Accra beemayaw@yahoo.com Commission A. I. Yahaya MOFAWAZE Box 4, Walewale gumbilixis@yahoo.com Osman Gyasi World Bank Accra kgyasi@worldbank.org Asher Nkegbe EPA Box 179, Wa Wa West ashernkegbe@yahoo.com Abu Iddrisu EPA Box 620, Tamale Northern Region Abu5552001@yahoo.com John Naada Wildlife Division Bolga Bolgatanga jnaadamajam@hotmail.com Nana Owusu- Wildlife Division Gbele Tumu Naowu74@yahoo.uk Ansah Bukari Yahaya Green Sahara Tumu Sissala mohammedbalu@yahoo.com Jacob Kahanda Wildlife Division Bolga Bolgatanga jacobkahanda@yahoo.com Kazaare Francis Forest Service. Bolga Bolgatanga 0209739476 Division Steve Ampofo EPA Bolga Bolgatanga 0244521359 Yussif Sulemana MOFA Zabilla BawkuWest 0244131653 D. Umaru Farouk Mole Nat. Park Damongo West Gonja 0244779389 Omanhene, K. EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga Boatkb2003@yahoo.com Boateng Tongye Lawrence Builsa District Box 3, Sandema Builsa 0243668268 Assembly Andrew Kyei Wildlife Division Accra Accra 0208888100 Agyane O. NAME INSTITUTION ADDRESS DISTRICT/ E-MAIL/PHONE NO. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A MUNICIPALIT Y Nuh K. Yousif Wa West District Wechian Wa West 0207180601 Assembly Adam Habib - do - Wechian - do - 0248940704 Kwasi Wili MOFA Wa Wa kwasiwili@yahoo.com 0208294487 Enoch Asare WRC Accra Greater Accra enochasare@hotmail.com 0272888499 Edward Aleti Daily Despatch Box , Bolga Bolgatanga 0246724902 Karl-Zange New Punch Box , Bolga Bolgatanga 0250764 Ernest Aayel TRAX Box , Bolga Bolgatanga 0208815415 Pius Dumda Forest Services Box , Bolga Wa 0208094123 Division Abraham Diwunie GTV Box , Bolga Bolgatanga 0244764096 David Naab GTV Box , Bolga Bolgatanga 0244948918 Abdulai Issaka Metro TV Box , Bolga Bolgatanga 0249689788 Khassim Medjida RCC Box 50, Bolga Bolgatanga 0208416547 Afia Afrifa GBC Box , Bolga Bolgatanga 0242124247 O. NAME INSTITUTION ADDRESS DISTRICT/ E-MAIL/PHONE NO. MUNICIPALIT Y Alhandu Hamid Daily Graphic Box , Bolga Bolgatanga 0208544214 Issifu Salifu West Mamprusi Box 6, Walewale West Mamprusi sbagarialuki@yahoo.com Dist. Assembly Salifu Yidna - do - - do - - do - -- A. W. A. Bila Bawku West Dist. Box 1, Zebilla Bawku West billaahmedd@yahoo.com Assembly Joan Atulley Water Res. Com. Box 489, Bolga Bolgatanga joantigbuna@yahoo.com Gyebi Samuel Radio A1 Box , Bolga Bolgatanga deatrode@vocwmail.com Aboagye Atanga Maxwell EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga maxwellatanga@yahoo.com Yieri Yronne Sissala East MOFA Box 17, Tumu Sissala East yieriasige@yahoo.com M. A. Addah MOFA Box 14, Tamale Tamale 0244509608 Saliatu Yakubu MOFA, Box 2, Sandema Builsa 0207094219 Emmanuel Liedib Kassena-Nankana Box 1, Paga Kassena- liedibe@yahoo.com West Dist NankanaWest Assembly Samuel Akapule GNA Box 14, Bolga Bolgatanga 0205778786 Ibrahim A. M. Ghanaian Times Box 49, Bolga Bolgatanga 0205679046 Frank Alormene EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga falormene@yahoo.com Eben Jab Forest Serv. Div. Box , Tamale Tamale Metro. edjagbleete@yahoo.com Clement Anaba E P A Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga 0276898498 Asariga, William EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga 0209656747 Gilbert Nuuri-Teg RCC Box 50, Bolga Bolgatanga 07222414 EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A INTRODUCTION The consultative workshop held for both private and public sector stakeholder agencies was held to review the project programmes and solicit inputs of these relevant organisations. The meeting started at about 9.30 am with an opening prayer, followed by self introduction by participants. The chairman for the occasion was Mr. Enoch Asare, Head of the Ground water Division of the Water Resources Commission (WRC). In his welcome and Keynote address, the Upper East Regional Minister, Hon. Mark Woyongo stated that the Region was the youngest in the country and needed platforms of this kind to showcase its numerous challenges. He stressed that the workshop is very essential because of the fact that the region is located close to the Sahara Desert and is under the threat of desertification. He noted that the numerous environmental challenges have a very devastating effect n the livelihood of the people of the region. He therefore added that the SLWM project implementation will not only provide a comprehensive approach to land management but also go a long way to provide sources of investment and development to our people. He therefore charged all involved in the implementation of the project to ensure the success of the project. Lastly he informed participants that government has started a Greening Ghana Project where each of the 9 districts in the region is to engage 300 acres of afforestation resulting in about 2700 acres of land being greened. The programme would engage the services of about 2700 people to manage at least an acre of tree planted. PRESENTATIONS There was two blocks of presentations by the resource persons drawn for the Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MEST), Forestry Services Division (FSD) of the Forestry Commission (FC), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Crop Services Directorate of MOFA, and the World Bank. The presentations highlighted the project areas, activities, structures for implementation, safeguards, etc. OVERVIEW OF FIRST PRESENTATIONS T O M IC A EPA A A Y K F C A EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A D Q Issue 1: What is to be done under this project on awareness creation, establishment of byelaws on bushfire control and management? Issue 2: There is the need for incorporation of local expert knowledge (LEK) in project design and implementation. Issue 3: There is the need for the design of a communication strategy Issue 4: Is there a provision for a gender component to address the issue of gender in Northern Ghana. Issue 5: Provision of water, access roads and tracks and housing for staff for the Gbele reserve Issue 6: How is the project going to collaborate with District Assembly’s on the issue of mining in reserves and protected areas? Issue 7: Watering points usually provided for wildlife under such products usually become baiting and trapping points for hunters Issue 8: How would the project address conflict management in resource use among various stakeholders? Responses A L T NGO SLWM A GEMP I U W T OVERVIEW OF SECOND PRESENTATIONS T EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A E W B S W M D N I MEST A D Q Issue 1: Why is extensive mono-cropping an issue with the World Bank, is it the scale or the continuous nature that is the issue? The intensity should be the matter for consideration. Issue 2: How are some of the interventions going to be sustained after the project implementation phase? Issue 3: What is the mandatory distance for cropping along a river bank? Issue 4: Why is the project going in for solar pumps, MOFA has already acquired some diesel pumps? Issue 5: How does the issue of involuntary resettlement arise in the context of this project? Issue 6: Can the project offer capacity building on conflict resolution for organisations in the project implementation area? Issue 7: would land acquisitions be made? How would affected farmers who may lose their land be dealt with under this project? GROUP WORK The group work was done to collect basic information from the various districts in their capacity in terms of equipments, collaborators, resources and human resource capacity for implementation of the project. Groups were formed for the various participating districts assembly’s with its decentralised departments. NORTHERN REGION W M D E MOFA FORESTRY • AEA • T LOGISTICAL BASE LOGISTICAL BASE • O • O EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • L P U • T • • P U • • M • GPS • C • • S • • N P • I • N • C • MOLE DWST • • • • • • C A • • A • M T V T V • C G I F A • O o M M o D o F G L D A • G E M • N F P P D P NFPDP T P • N R E G NREG • EU J P • JICA R P EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • RICE S S P • WFP • D P • WVG • CBRDP NRM P • ZAGSILARI E F P • R S N P • PROCESS • M DA • NEWENERGY • N R G P • CAHRA BIISI FARA • NORPREP • NEA P • ITFC • NEINFOUND • JICA • AID • CIDA DWAP CBO I A • ZAGSILARI E F P • ITFC • CHARA BIISI FARI • WVG • PROCESS C O • ITFC M • YARA F UPPER EAST REGION 2.5.1 Builsa District EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A S MOFA Category No. Professional 5 Sub-professional 2 Technical officers 17 Tech assistants 4 Other supporting staff 6 Total 34 Forestry staff 3 staff A • F I • O • F • T L D A • LEAP • MASLOC • DA PROFESION OF SOCIAL SERVCICES • FORESTERY PLANTATION • NYEP • RURAL ENTERPRISE PROJECT • RURAL ELECTRIFICATION EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT LDP • RICE SECTOR SUPPORT PROJECT RSSP • VOLUNTARY SERVICES ORGANIZATION • NORTHERN RURAL GROWTH PROJECT • GHANA ENVIRONMENTAL MGT PROJECT GEMP L O NGO • P A • SEND G • C I • BUCO B E MOFA FORESTRY • MOTORBIKES • MOTOR BIKE • MEASURING INSTRUMENTS • WATER TANK • COMPUTER AND ACCESSORIES • NUSERY • PICK UPS OLD • STAFF ACCOMMODATION • WATER PUMPING MACHINES • STAFF ACCOMMODATION • PRINTER • FAX MACHINE • PHOTOCOPIER 2.5.2 Talensi- Nabdam District S MOFA STAFF EQUIPMENTS C EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A P M A • C • F • O • A • U L O NGO • W V I • A A • VSO • TIPCEE • W O M • T • TRAX 3.2.3 Bawku-West District S E MOFA staff : 26 FORESTRY staff:3 Equipments 10 motor bikes 1 old pick-up 1 computer and accessories 1 photocopier EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Equipment needs: Equipments for measuring fields- GPS A • F • O • F • A SARI • U I • W • S • I • I FBO L D A • NRGP • O T L O NGO • T • BACH EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • ZOVFA 3.2.4 Kassena-Nankana West District S MOFA F WILDLIFE Inadequate Agric extension D M R agents S R S F E L • P • M • B • W • R • ITN • F A B • R • L • S • H A • F • O • I EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • F L D A • CBRDP • DWAP • LEAP • W F P • GEMP NGO S CBO I A • G N A D O GNADO • C F • A • SWOPA • W V A Communities along river banks; • N • W • K • N • K • K • S • N • M • K EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Degraded areas; • N • E • P Flood prone areas; • K • M • S • K • P • N • N • B • K • P C UPPER WEST REGION S District MOFA-DADU Gbele Sissala East 14 District 38 Sissala West - District Nadowli 18 WA west 16 NB.: Gbele Reserve covers Sissala East & West, Wa East, Nadowli districts E L District MOFA-DADU Gbele EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Sissala East District Motorbikes- 9 Motor Vehicle - 1 Computers- 1 GPS – 11 Printer - 1 Tractor – 1 Computers – 2 Sissala West - Printer- 1 District Fax Machine- 1 Nadowli - WA west - A • I • D • V • F • R • D • E NGO Types of support • T • W G • E NGO S CBO I A • A A • P G • TUDRIDEP • G S • W V • RAAP • N C R C NCRC W EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A CBO’s; • D I W • F C • S F • Z I W • C R M C L D A • B • NRGP • GEMP • N A WIENCO EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA), UPPER EAST REGION A REPORT ON GHANA SUSTAINABLE LAND & WATER MANAGEMENT (SLWM) PROJECT: COMMUNITY CONSULTATIVE WORKSHOP WITH STAKEHOLDERS HELD ON WEDNESDAY, 5TH MAY 2010 AT SSNIT CONFERENCE HALL, BOLGATANGA Invitation List DISTRICT COMMUNITY NO. OF REMARKS PARTICIPANTS Zongoyiri 1 Bazua 1 BAWKU-WEST Kusanaba 1 DISTRICT Sapeliga 1 Binaba 1 Nangodi 1 TALENSI –NABDAM Numou 1 DISTRICT Datoko 1 Pwalugu 1 Kayoro 1 KASSENA -NANKANA Nakong 1 WEST DISTRICT Katiu 1 Wuru 1 Siniensi 1 BUILSA DISTRICT Fumbisi 1 Doninga 1 Wiasi 1 MAMPRUSI WEST Yagaba 1 Manga 1 Karimenga 1 SISSALA- EAST District Assembly 1 Duwie 1 Gbele 1 SISSALA- WEST District Assembly TOTAL 26 Attendance List NO. NAME COMMUNITY/ ADDRESS DISTRICT E-MAIL/PHONE NO. INSTITUTION 1. James Abanka Fumbisi Builsa Dist. Builsa 0249287615 Assembly 2. Esther amoabil Wiesi Builsa Dist. Builsa 0246288444 Assembly 3. Ajuik William Doninga Builsa Dist. Ass. Builsa - 4. Asana Atanga Kalimiang Azaksa House West Mamprusi 0249766707 EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A 5. Anaba Moses Kusanaba Kusnaba Chief Bawku West 0249397131 6. Chimsi Adam Yagaba Yagaba Chimsi West Mamprusi 0207155224 House 7. Abdul Razak Yama Takora House West Mamprusi - 8. Mohammed Al- Gbelle, Box 99, Sissala Sissala West 0245672521 Gadafi West 9. Bukari Yahaya Duwie (GSO) Box TM 109 Sissala West 0243553207 10. Victoria Kassena-Nankana Box 1, Paga Kassena-Nankana 0244436327 Azukwari West Dist. West Assembly 11. Ali Kwabalugu Sissala East Dist. Box 12, Sissala Sissala East Akwash75@yahoo.com Assembly East 0248666147 12. Steve Ampofo EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga steveampofo@yahoo.co.u k 13. Atanga EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga maxwellatanga@yahoo.co Maxwell .uk 14. Frank Alormene EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga falormene@yahoo.com 15. John Akeliba WF Sapelliga Chief’s Bawku West 0243565467 House 16. Asariga, EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga 0209656747 William 17. Akolgo EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga 0245716803 Ayamdo 18. Oliver atibila Pwalugu Box 680, Bolga Talensi-Nabdam 0248086722 19. Pwomebam k. Kayoro-Balia Kayoro J H S Kassena-Nankana 0208498304 Frank West 20. Musah Lansah Style Radio Box 595, Bolga Bolgatanga 0546803128/0279621506 21. Pe Oscar B. T. Regional House of Box 27, Paga Kassena-Nankana 0244780849 Yiamu II Chiefs (RHOC) West 22. Charles Abu Kayoro Box 27, Paga Kassena-Nankana 0207389905 West 23. Bukari J. Pusu-Namongo GCCL Box 145, Talensi-Nabdam 0243905536/0265669463 Badazabra Bolga 24. Kpelem Pusu-Namongo GCCL Box 145, Talensi-Nabdam 0208471658 Nyanuba Bolga 25. Andrew Kye Wildlife Division Box MB 239, Greater Accra 0208471658 Agyore Accra 26. Isaac G. Gwolla Box 99, Gwolla Sissata West 0208550651/0245710790 Wibonto NO. NAME COMMUNITY/ ADDRESS DISTRICT E-MAIL/PHONE NO. INSTITUTION 27. Omanhene, K. EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga Boatkb2003@yahoo.com Boateng 0244222941 28. Yaw Kwakye Forestry Box 527, Accra Accra 0244769874 Commission 29. Henry Yamgah Nangodi Box 1, Tongo Talensi-Nabdam 0243362633 30. Zenabu Wasai- EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga 0244577909 King 31. Pe J. B. Nakong Chief’s Palace Kassena-Nankana 0249551758 Afragachie II West 32. E. R. Ameange Nakong Chief’s Palace Kassena-Nankana 0547348216 West 33. Charles Kaba Katiu Chief’s Palace Kassena-Nankana 0248765279 West 34. Abogbila Balungo Chief’s Palace Talensi-Nabdam 0249582531 Akolgo 35. Clement Anaba EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga 0276898498 36. Ayine Agana EPA Box 80, Bolga Bolgatanga - 37. Patience Send Ghana Box 194, Bolga Bolgatanga 0244986323 Kpining EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A 38. Peter Ataya Bawku-Kobole Box 8, Zebilla Bawku West - 39. Issac Hamadu Bawku-Tilli Box 8, Zebilla Bawku West - EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A 1.0 INTRODUCTION The programme began at 9.30 a.m. with an opening prayer said by Hon. Victoria Azukwari, an Assembly Lady of Kayoro community in the Kassena-Nankana West district in the Upper East Region. This was followed by self introduction of participating members present from eight (8) selected communities which fall under the core target of the project. Madam Zenabu Wasai-King, the Regional Director of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Upper East Region gave an overview of the prioritized intention of the project and why such communities were considered as beneficiaries for the implementation of the project. She also introduced Enoch Asare (Water Resources Commission - Accra) to the Chair the proceedings of the day. Mr. Enoch Asare gracefully accepted and appreciated such an honour given him as Chairman of the occasion. 2.0 PRESENTATIONS The various presentations which were made by technical persons or facilitators concerning the project were as follows:- (a) Overview of the Sustainable Land and Water Management (SLWM) Project and presentation of activities under Agricultural Lands – by Mr. Delali Nutsukpor (Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA)- Accra). (b) Presentation of activities under the Wildlife Corridors – by Andrew Kyei Agyare (Wildlife Division – Accra). (c) Presentation of Environmental as well as Social Issues and Mitigation of Negative Potential Project Impacts by Dr. Iddi from the Ministry of Environment and Science (MES) 3.0 OPEN DISCUSSIONS In the process of open discussions, the issues, concerns and suggestions which came from the participants were as follows: • The need to integrate sacred groves into wildlife management; EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • The need to introduce trees with economic value that would provide direct economic benefits to the communities instead of growing trees that would otherwise force farmers into forfeiting their farm lands for the establishment of reserves; • The necessity to embark more on vigorous sensitization exercises about some bad human activities such as bushfires which could destroy the prime goal of the project within a single day. • The need to ensure strict enforcement of existing environmental laws and by- laws to defer recalcitrant persons from engaging in such activities; • The need to encourage Assembly Members to organize community durbars to serve as platforms for interactions and dialogue among community members on issues that have adverse impacts on their environment. • The need to curb the activities of Fulani Herdsmen, local cattle owners, mining, roads construction and other activities that result into rapid environmental degradations; • The need to give financial incentives to CREMA Leaders to boost their spirit and morale in the management of the community resources. • The need to provide impartial mechanisms for the resolution of conflicts among members. This is because of the possibility of occurrence of conflict of interest among members in the same community. For instance, the situation where some members may agree on a particular decision while others may oppose it. This situation in the view of participants could bring about misunderstanding among members which may eventually lead into disunity among them and might thwart the efforts to effectively implement, manage and achieve the main objectives of the project. 4.0 RESPONSES The responses which were provided to some of the issues and concerns raised by participants included the following:- EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • With regards to the issue of integrating sacred groves into wildlife management, participants were informed that sacred groves will certainly be integrated because they also form part of the target areas which need protection. It is however important for community members to note that a lot will have to come from they themselves to ensure a successful management of the resources put under their care; • It has been part of the objectives of the project to ensuring that opportunities and benefits exist for effective implementation and achievement of the set goals project. The implementation of the project will also ensure that local food security is not compromised; • Also, there would be enough monetary inflow to ensure a successful and effective implementation of activities of the project so that the cardinal objectives of the project could be achieved. Financial support will however, be subjected to constant monitoring of beneficiary communities project activities and their results. • The formation of Community Resource Management Areas (CREMA) leaders or committees would also help entrust the responsibility of taking care of resources in the project beneficiary communities. They would be responsible for determining how they want to use or share the benefits of the resources; • Moreover, Assembly Members and their various communities would be encouraged to constantly organize durbars to serve as platforms for deliberations of issues affecting them; • The issue of Fulani herdsmen and other local cattle owners activities could also be resolved by dialogue among themselves and framing of workable by-laws within communities; • Besides, road contractors who do not make efforts to do land refilling after closure of projects should be reported to the necessary agencies; However, Madam Zenabu Wasai-King of EPA added her voice by indicating that these contractors although stand to be blamed, part of it also comes from some of the local EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A authorities and communities. Sometimes, the road contractors do not go to the necessary laid procedures to acquire environmental permits but rather, illegally negotiate with the local authorities to dig any where they want for gravel and sand which eventually poses serious threat to the environment. At times, some of the communities even propose to them that the pits/dugouts should be left to serve as watering points for their farm animals which are very unfortunate. This is therefore the more reason why CREMA has been proposed to be another effective form of environmental management alternative under this project. 5.0 CLOSING The chairman in his closing remarks, emphasized that it should be noted clearly that this project is not to serve as a panacea of all the environmental problems we have been facing but rather, to assist in minimizing these challenges in the three (3) Northern Regions. The programme came to an end at 1.30 p.m. with a vote of thanks given by Madam Zenabu Wasai-King, EPA Regional Director in the Upper East Region. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ANNEX 3 ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE/CRITICAL AREA NB: Projects sited in these areas could have significant effects on the environment and the EPA could require a more stringent environmental assessment All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, forest reserves, wildlife reserves and sanctuaries including sacred groves Areas with potential tourist value Areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species of indigenous wildlife (flora and fauna) Areas of unique historic, religious, cultural, archeological, scientific or educational interest Areas which provide space, food, and materials for people practicing a traditional style of life Areas prone to disaster (geological hazards, floods, rainstorms, earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity etc) Areas prone to bushfires Areas classified as prime agricultural areas Recharge areas of aquifers Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: Tapped for domestic purposes Within controlled/ protected areas Which support wildlife and fishery activities Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: With primary pristine and dense growth Adjoining mouth of major river system Near or adjacent to traditional fishing grounds Which acts as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods Estuaries and lagoons Other coastal areas of ecological, fisheries or tourism importance or which are subject to dynamic change Wetlands Rivers Areas of high population density EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ANNEX 4: CRITERIA FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING OF SUB- PROJECTS TO BE USED BY COMMUNITIES AND ASSISTED BY TAS Impact Impact issue Impact description Yes No Don’t area Know Natural/ Protected areas and Will vehicular traffic and noise scare away Physical wildlife wildlife resources Protected areas and Will access road pass through protected wildlife areas Flora and fauna loss Will vegetation clearance lead to loss of exceptional flora/ fauna Low groundwater yields Do you know of lowering groundwater levels in local/ neighbouring boreholes Groundwater Is the local water table high vulnerability to pollution Natural contamination of Do you know of high chloride, iron, groundwater manganese or fluoride levels in local/ neighbouring wells Increased erosion risks Do you have road drains in the community Surface water quality Is there a local stream in your community (less than 15 min walk) Does it flow throughout the year Vulnerability of Are you a livestock rearing community groundwater to nitrate pollution Surface water and Do you have public sanitary facilities for groundwater pollution migrant workers Disposal of waste oil Is there a local fuel filling station Solid waste disposal Do you have properly designated sites for waste disposal Social and Health and well- being Is there any HIV- AIDS education groups cultural in your community conditions Gender Are there any women groups in your community Gender Is there a woman leader in any group Work for local people Are there local people available to provide unskilled labour Community participation Has there been any community projects previously Access of poor to water Will all sections of the community be able to pay for use of water Will the project enhance access of poor people to water supply EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ANNEX 5: EPA REGISTRATION FORM, FORM EA1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, GHANA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REGISTRATION FORM (To be completed in Duplicate) FEE: Œ50,000 Serial No. FORM EA1 PROPONENT: Address for correspondence: Contact person: Position: Phone No.: Fax No.: Email: ASSESSMENT FILE NO: NO: Environmental Protection Agency P.O. Box M 326 Accra, Ghana Tel: 664697/8, 664223, 662465 Fax: 662690 Email: support@epagghana.org Web-site: www.epa.gov.gh *This form shall be submitted to the relevant EPA Regional Office. It is important that you read carefully the guide for completing the form before starting. 1. PROPOSED UNDERTAKEN/DEVELOPMENT Title of proposal (General Classification of undertaking) EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Description of Proposal (nature of undertaking, unit processes [flow diagram], raw materials, list of chemicals (source, types and quantities), storage facilities, wastes/ by-products (solid, liquid and gaseous) Scope of Proposal (size of labour force, equipment and machinery, installed/production capacity, product type, area covered by facility/proposal, market) 2. PROPOSED SITE Location (attach a site plan/map) Plot/House No. Street/Area Name Town District/Region Major Landmarks (if any) Current zoning Distance to nearest residential and/or other facilities Adjacent land uses (existing & proposed) Site description (immediate activities should be described) 3. INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES Structures (buildings and other facilities proposed or existing on site) Access to water (source, quantity) EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Access to power (type, source & quantity) Drainage provision in the project area Nearness to water body Access to project site: Other major utilities proposed or existing on site(e.g. sewerage, etc) 4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Potential environmental effects of proposed undertaking (Both constructional and operational phases) 5. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Potential significant risks and hazards associated with the proposal (including occupational health and safety). State briefly relevant environmental studies already done and attach copies as appropriate. 6. CONSULTATIONS Views of immediate adjourning neighbours and relevant stakeholders (provide evidence of consultation) 7. MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES ATTACHMENTS Tick appropriate boxes below indicating that the following required documents have been attached: Authentic site plan (signed by a licensed surveyor and certified by Survey Dept.) Block plan of the site Photographs of the site Fire report from the Ghana National Fire Service Zoning letter from Town & Country Planning Department DECLARATION: EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A I, ………………………………………………………..…, hereby declare that the information provided on this form is true to the best of my knowledge and shall provide any additional information that shall come to my notice in the course of processing this application. I also declare that information provided is true. Signature Date * Use additional sheets where spaces provided in 3, 4 and 5 are inadequate. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Annex 6: GUIDE FOR COMPLETING AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REGISTRATION FORM GUIDE FOR COMPLETING AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REGISTRATION FORM The Environmental Assessment Registration form is designed to provide enough information to enable the EPA to set an appropriate level of assessment for a proposal referred to it. Failure to provide detailed information in a comprehensive manner may delay the assessment process. It is not expected that this form will be appropriate for all purposes and, depending on your proposal, a lengthier document may be necessary in addition to this form. PROPOSAL A simple brief description of the proposal or proposed undertaking is required and must include: input processes, end results, output quantities and timing. Please include flow diagram if available. LOCATION A map site plan is essential. It should indicate the geographic coordinate of site (Longitude and Latitude), elevation and slope of the site, any nearby areas or features of environmental significance (e.g. proposed or declared reserves, water courses, wetlands), and adjacent land uses, including the nearest homes or areas zones residential. SERVICES Details of water supply, storm water drainage, power corridors, access to and impact on roads and transport can all be of significant and should be noted where relevant. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Criteria for assessing a project and setting a level of assessment are: T T R C P T D The following potential environmental impacts may be relevant: • E • E • E EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A • E • E • E • E • E • M • I • I • V • S Proponents would be required to pay appropriate processing and permit fees in accordance with the Environmental Assessment (Amendment) Regulations. 2002 (LI 1703) Any false information provided constitutes an offence under the Environmental Assessment Regulations. 199, LI 1652 (section 29d) EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Annex 7: LIMITED ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LEA) FORM Note: This form must be completed for sub project that may pose minor environmental problems. The form must be filled by designated Environmental Officer and form part of sub project application. Sub project Name: ………………………………………………………………. Location (Village, Ward, LGA)……………………………………………….. Type of sub project: ……………………………………………………………... Number of people benefiting the sub project: ………………………………… General Description of the sub project:- Sub project objectives: ………………………………………………….……………………………………………… ……………………………………….………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… Sub project components: ………………………………………………..………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………… Baseline Description of affected Environment Description of physical chemical environment (soil, air, water,etc.) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Description of Biological Environment (habitats and Communities, Flora etc): ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………… Description of Socio-economic Environment e.g. historical sites, aesthetic aspects, public health, infrastructure ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………Identification of Negative Environmental Impacts Impacts in the physical-chemical environment (soil, water, water ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… Impact on the Biological Environment (Flora, habitats and communities etc.) EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …… Impacts on the Socio-economic Environment (Historical, sites, aesthetic, public health, infrastructure etc) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… Mitigation Measures Description of Impact Mitigation Measures ………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………… Report prepared by: Name: ……………………………………………………………………………………. Position: ………………………………………………………………………………….. Signature: ………………………………………………………………………………… Date: ……………………………………………………………………………………… Approved by: Name: ……………………………………………………………………………………. Position: ………………………………………………………………………………….. Signature: ………………………………………………………………………………… Date: ……………………………………………………………………………………… EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Annex 8: CHECKLISTS FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY This is basic and mandatory for all new undertakings. Ecological impact assessment 1. The general character of the existing site in terms of fauna and flora; landscape and geological features, lakes, creeks, march, mangroves, coral, forest and bush, and aesthetics. 2. In that event, an ecological inventory of at least the most prominent and common species with major plant and animal habitats, particularly habitats critical to the preservation of threatened endangered species. The geographical relationship of species on the sites. 3. Artificial features of the site as existing, such as roads, railways, buildings and other facilities relating current uses to the local ecology: agricultural activities. 4. The present use of the area by natural history societies, youth groups, birdwatchers, etc. 5. Land Use: Intensive and casual, full time and seasonal, actual and projected, specially designated areas (marine sanctuaries, coral reefs, recreational beaches or seashores, parks, refuges, reservations, wilderness), man-made features. 6. Outstanding individuals such as the oldest or largest of the trees; rare or uncommon species, races variants, and population; unique or scarce habitats. Communities threatened or endangered. 7. Plants or animals that could affect public health or safety: allergenic plants, poisonous and venomous species, pest or might expand dramatically if the immediate environment were change. 8. The possible effects of the proposed undertaking on land species (plants and animals); on aquatic species (fauna, fish, coral); on habitats; on the aesthetics of the site; on natural resources such as soil, geological formations, dunes, beaches, lakes forest including the possible effects of noise. 9. Primary and secondary impacts, temporary and long-term, unavoidable impacts and risks; synergism; transboundary effects; possible irreversible changes. 10. The possible mitigation of effects by technical, or financial measures, by redesigning. 11. The existing and likely future amenity of the neighbourhood. 12. The implications of clear felling or selective logging for timber and other forest products; the effects of road-building, drainage of wet areas, and the EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A skidding hauling and yarding of logs; the possibility of replacement by monoculture plantations; the danger of forest fragmentation causing genetic isolation of animal populations. 13. Other related developments in the area, which might have a cumulative ecological impact. Environmental health impact assessment 1. Aspects of the proposed development, which might present adverse risks to the health and well-being of the community, either near or far, in the short term either directly or indirectly; or any particularly vulnerable section of the community (the young, the old, the disadvantaged, the sick, females, ethnic minorities). 2. Emissions from the proposed development that might have a detrimental effect on the quality of air or water to the detriment of human beings either directly, or indirectly through the food chain; an inventory of pollutants with details of the handling or dispersal of these. 3. The risks of contamination of land from leachates or the dumping or storage of toxic materials; risk of contamination of aquifers. 4. Solid waste from the development and their management; possible dust and grit from waste piles; disposal area, vehicles, roads, ad-tipping operation. 5. The levels of noise blast and vibration that may occur, during the day, night, or weekend. 6. Odours likely to emanate at various times from various processes and disposal practices. 7. The risks and hazards of the activity: fire explosion, sudden harmful fumes, major spills of toxic materials within the plant or on the roads, radiation, failures of safety systems, effects of sustained temperature inversions in the atmosphere, failure of flares, unexpected discharges of toxic materials such as dioxins, chain reactions, failure of treatment plants, asbestos risks, sewage discharge, floods, failure of emergency procedures. 8. Possible synergistic effects of several pollutants reacting together. 9. Possible promotion of vector breeding such as flies or mosquitoes; the effects of water resource development. 10. The effect on workers at home who are exposed to detrimental conditions at both work and home, such as air pollution and odours. 11. The overall effects of the project on the health of neighbouring communities. Hazard and risk impact assessment E EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A T A T T T BLEVE UVCE C T T E P L M T N I B BA T T D T EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A N T S 1. Changes in circumstance, which are likely to result in social discontent, unhappiness, increased illness, and a loss of productivity, leading to loss of income. 2. Housing; concern is the ability to (a) provide workforce, (b) service new development and (c) absorb and adjust to growth (worker/family in-migration). 3. The consequences of the severance of communities by the project, both physical and psychological. 4. The effects of the project on general lifestyle of the people. 5. The effects of the project on group relationships. 6. The effects of the project on cultural life. 7. The effects of the project social tranquillity and attitudes and values. 8. Assessment of the services and infrastructure required by the new development and those required to ensure social sustainability; likely financial and other contributions by the developer. 9. The likely effect of the proposed development on neighbourhood property values by, for example, interfering with views and amenities, or introducing streams of noisy traffic. 10. The potential loss of ecological assets such as bush land, wetlands, rainforest, distinctive geological features, fauna and flora, mangrove, swamp, lakes and creeks, forest, and recreational areas and facilities, and natural areas, all of value to people. 11. The volume of traffic likely to be generated by the project, particularly heavy vehicles; the implications for community noise, parking, and congestion and for the safety of drivers and pedestrians, particularly children, the elderly, the physically disadvantaged. 12. The effect of the project in displacing low-income people and other disadvantaged people. 13. The effects on public transport, open space, community facilities such as childcare and youth centres, pedestrian access, and roads. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A 14. The implications of the development for social policy. 15. The implication for aesthetics, amenities and ecology at site and elsewhere; landscaping. 16. Potential damage to, or destruction of, archaeological, or historical sites. 17. Implications for sacred and cultural sites. 18. Implications of construction, of site preparation, access road, and other supporting infrastructure. 19. The housing of the construction workforce. 20. Housing for the permanent workforce. 21. Clearing of debris after construction and restoration of vegetation as well as site rehabilitation. 22. Risk and hazards of major structures. 23. The implications for employment and local industry. 24. The implications for training and the provision of highly skilled workforce. 25. Contribution to local infrastructure development and social facilities. Water quality impact assessment 1. The characteristics of the water resources at risk: rivers, tributaries, lakes, streams, creeks, aquifers and aquifer recharge areas; the topography and ecological characteristics; seasonal and annual flows; rainfall and run-off; storage facilities; and other features. 2. Use of the present water resources: domestic, commercial, and industrial, agricultural or recreational. 3. Existing waste discharges and run-offs, which may be detrimental to existing water quality; remedial measures already adopted or planned. 4. The history of pollution or misuse of water resources; the incidence, for example, or eutrophication, or acidification; and any evidence of events detrimental to the health, safety, welfare or property of persons, or harmful to animals, aquatic life, birds, or fish. 5. Identified sources of waste discharges from the proposed project after all measures of waste minimisation, recycling, treatment, dilution, pounding, filtering, or otherwise, have been adopted. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A 6. The likely effects of soil disturbance during the construction phase and, subsequently, mitigation measures to be adopted. 7. The likely effects of run-off from surfaces, sealed and unsealed; mitigation measures to be adopted. 8. The likely effects under conditions of drought and flood. 9. The significance of the likely emissions, discharges, and run-offs particularly for state regulations, standards and classifications, and environmental objectives; the total ecological, chemical, and physical effects, and salinisation. Specific pollutants by toxic substances, minerals, metals, sludges, oil, pesticides, radioactive substances, acids, alkalis, intractable wastes, processing effluents, sewage effluents, phosphorus and nitrogen, suspended and dissolved solids, the likely biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). 10. The likely effects on fish, wildlife, communities, and vegetation. 11. The possible effects of the project on water flows, depths and widths of channels, erosion of banks, deposition rates (upstream and downstream), and turbulence. 12. The implications for other water users; existing and prospective. 13. The economic and social effects of prospective changes in watercourses, water quantity, and water quality for the wider community. Air quality impact assessment: Air pollutants include • carbon dioxide, • dioxins, furans, carcinogens, • radiation • oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen, • grit and dust, smoke, haze, • odours and mercaptans • carbon monoxide, • CFCs, halogens (halons), fluorides • Vapours, hydrocarbons, • PCBs and other residual intractables. The air quality assessment may involve complex mathematical modelling, wind turbine analysis or prediction calculations. 1. Description of the existing air quality levels. Identification of air pollutants by source; weight and volume of discharge; and by other characteristics EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A 2. Variations of the emissions and other secondary reactions such as ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) on the existing air quality. 3. Meteorological characteristics diurnal, seasonal, and annual with particular reference or attention to wind direction and speeds, temperature inversions, incidence, type and depth; variations in turbulence, both vertical and horizontal. Data relating to abnormal meteorological events years should be commented. 4. Capacity of the atmosphere for the dispersal of pollutants to a harmless degree. 5. Comparison with EPA air quality standards, which should be achieved by the proponent in the short, medium and long term. 6. The modelling of the dispersal of pollutants in the context of the actual meteorological characteristics of the site, diurnal, seasonal, and annual; and taking account of abnormal meteorological conditions and any adverse topographical features. Proposed Mitigation Measures 1. Details of mitigation measures to be adopted by the undertaking. 2. Contributions by the proponent to improving the health, social, and recreational facilities of the immediate locality. 3. The routeing of vehicles and trucks into and out of the proposed installation; the risk to life and limb of moving heavy trucks through the immediate communities. 4. The proposed use of techniques to minimise hazards and risks, for example, the use bunds (screens), sand-covered storage tanks, drip trays or barriers; indicators and alarms; leak detection systems; ground-water monitoring; soil testing; automatic diversion systems; storm water controls; secondary containment arrangement; clear identification of chemicals. 5. Mitigation measures to be adopted for the undertaking, with particular attention to the noisiest activities. The use of less noisy equipment and practices, the positioning of equipment and buildings, the noise-proofing of buildings, the erection of screens and sound barriers, the management of traffic noise, restrictions on working hours or the operational hours of certain equipment. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Annex 9: SUMMARY OF WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARD POLICIES Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) Outlines Bank policy and procedures for the environmental assessment of Bank lending operations. The Bank undertaked environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA process. This environmental process will apply to all sub-projects under the GEF-SLWM Project. Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects involving the significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for the project and its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that the overall benefits from the projects substantially outweigh the environmental costs. If the environmental assessment indicates that a project would significantly convert or degrade natural habitats, the project should include mitigation measures to the Bank. Such mitigation measures include, as appropriate, minimizing habitat loss (e.g. strategic habitat retention and post-development restoration) and establishing and maintaining an ecologically similar protected area. The Bank accepts other forms of mitigation measures only when they are technically justified. Pest Management (OP 4.09) The policy supports safe, effective and environmentally sound pest management. It promotes the use of biological and environmental control methods. An assessment is made for the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institution to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management. Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) The World Bank’s safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement, OP 4.12, (December 2001) is to be complied with where involuntary resettlement, impacts on livelihoods, acquisition of land or restrictions to natural resources, may take place as a result of the project. It includes requirements that: o Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimised, exploring all viable alternative project designs. o Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. o Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Indigenous People (OD 4.20) This directive provides guideline to ensure that indigenous peoples benefit from development projects, and to avoid or mitigate adverse effects of Bank-financed development projects on indigenous peoples Project on International Waterways (O 7.50) This policy applies to the following types of projects: • hydroelectric, irrigation, flood control, navigation, drainage, water and sewerage, industrial, and similar projects that involve the use or potential pollution of international waterways • detailed design and engineering studies of the above mentioned projects including those to be carried out by the Bank as executing agency or in any other capacity. Projects on international waterways may affect relations between the Bank and its borrowers and between states (whether members of the Bank or not). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and goodwill of riparians is essential for the efficient use and protection of the waterway. Therefore, it attaches great importance to riparians’ making appropriate agreements or arrangements for these purposes for the entire waterway or any part thereof. The Bank stands ready to assist riparians in achieving this end. In cases where differences remain unresolved between the state proposing the project (beneficiary state) and the other riparians, prior to financing the project the Bank normally urges the beneficiary state to offer to negotiate in good faith with the other riparians to reach appropriate agreements or arrangements. The Bank ensures that the international aspects of a project on an international waterway are dealt with at the earliest possible opportunity. If such a project is proposed, the Bank requires the beneficiary state, if it has not already done so, formally to notify the other riparians of the pro-posed project and its Project Details If the prospective borrower indicates to the Bank that it does not wish to give notification, normally the Bank itself does so. If the borrower also objects to the Bank’s doing so, the Bank discontinues processing of the project. The executive directors concerned are informed of these developments and any further steps taken. The Bank ascertains whether the riparians have entered into agreements or arrangements or have established any institutional framework for the international waterway concerned. In the latter case, the Bank ascertains the scope of the institution’s activities and functions and the status of its involvement in the proposed project, bearing in mind the possible need for notifying the institution. Following notification, if the other riparians raise objections to the proposed project, the Bank in appropriate cases may appoint one or more independent experts to examine the issues in accordance with. Should the Bank decide to proceed with the project despite the objections of the other riparians, the Bank informs them of its decision. Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60) Project in disputed areas may occur in the Bank and its member countries as well as between the borrower and one or more neighbouring countries. Any dispute over an area in which a proposed project is located requires formal procedures at the earliest possible stage. The Bank attempts to acquire assurance that it may proceed with the project in disputed area if the EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A governments concerned agree that, pending the settlement of the dispute, the project proposed can go forward without prejudice to claims of the country having a dispute. This policy is not expected to be triggered by the sub-projects. Bank’s Policy on Disclosure (BP17.50) The Bank’s policy on disclosure currently under review requires that all the people residing in the given areas of a project have the right to be informed of the proposed development project. Prior to project appraisal therefore, the summary of the study of the development action along with other relevant information should be disclosed to or at the level of the Bank and the project area. EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A ANNEX 10 DESCRIPTION OF SPILLWAY DYKES When designing water impoundment structures for wildlife management areas, several basic principles must be borne in mind: a) water must not necessarily be fully impounded; rather the flow down the waterway must be slowed down, as humidifying the drainage below the impoundment structure so that green pastures are produced during the dry season might be just as important as creating a larger body of water (depending upon the situation at each site, the trench may or may not be required to be sealed into the impervious layers of the waterway; b) the impoundment structure should be inserted into the habitat as “naturally” as possible with cement and metal as little in sight as possible; this may not seem important right now, but as game viewing tourism activities are developed, the pertinence will become more obvious; c) construction methods at water impoundment and ravine/gully crossing sites should optimise labour intensive methods, such as obtained when using rock as much as possible, rather than extensively using concrete; this also usually happens to be cost-effective and provides for a more “natural” look; The figures 5, 6 and 7 portray the general scheme for rocked crossings using granite rock where the crossing traverses rock boulders and under laying rock forming a natural dam, such as at several sites (Barkafouo, Yelibi Junction, Malboba, Koboi 2), with a stronger structure to be built when the height of the flow exceeds 50 cm (Figure 6), and a dissipation basin to built into the existing rock structures (Figure 7). A trench must be built to anchor sections of packed clay, some of which will require a bulldozer and loader or a hydraulic shovel and will require opening by hand around boulders and rock foundations. Great care must be taken to seal the clay along rock surfaces so as to avoid leaks that will cause erosion of the clay core. A 20 cm thick poured reinforced concrete liner is proposed on the downstream side of crossings over a rock base (figures 5 – 7), so as to help ensure that erosion does not progressively wash out the packed clay core. Other sites where rock does not form a base, the impoundment model proposed is that of a more-classically designed structure of packed clay built upwards out of an anchoring trench and covered with rock layers in a “fish-scale” rocking pattern developed at Nazinga (figures 8 and 9). The “fish-scale” surfaced spillway dike is cost-effective due to a relative reduction in the height of the earthwork and the design converts payment for machine use (rental and fuel) into salaries for the local community. The spillway dike can be built in the lower bed and even up onto the upper bed of the river. With the use of a dissipation basin to collect and channel the down-flow, the water swirls inside the rocked area and dissipates its extra energy before flowing peacefully down the river. The spillway dikes can be built on rivers of considerable size such as the Sissili River, where several spillway dikes have been built that incorporate specially-designed vehicle passages along the crest of the spillway (figures 10, 11 and 12). This allows for vehicle passage most of the year, with flows of up to 1 m remaining navigable by experienced drivers using 4- wheel drive vehicles (non-experienced drivers will not want to cross flows of 0.75 m high over the dike), although, for several hours or days after big rains during the months of August EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A and September, vehicle crossing may not be possible; unless the length of the spillway has been especially designed to ensure passage even during those moments. Longer spillways to ensure crossing at all times, even after a very heavy rain, are entirely possible, but of course, more expensive. But, at Gbele, very little laterite was located; with the laterite plateaux along the edge of Malboba pool representing the largest depot located. It might provide sufficient rock for 1 spillway. Due to the fact that laterite plateaux are very little represented at the GRR, methods employing cost-effective use of laterite rock have to be adapted for the use of granite rock. Plenty of granite rock was found throughout the reserve, as well as quartz and granite rubble that could be used for the 15 cm thick under-layers. It would probably be a better idea to save the laterite for the under layer and use granite rock for the surface layer, such as done at Tougoumatenga (2008) in Burkina Faso (Figure 13). EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Figure 1: Plan Proposed for River Crossings over Rock Foundations at Heights of Less than 50 cm F G P P R C R F H M Figure 3: General Plan Proposed for Dissipation Bassins at River Crossings EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Figure 4: Spillway Dike Design Using a "Fish-Scale" Rocking System Developed at Nazinga Figure 5: Details of the Labor-Intensive Fish-Scale Rocking System Utilizing Laterite or Granite Rock EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A F C S R N N G R F A N S D F W N S D EAMP S L W M P F R M P SAL C L E P A Figure 9: Combined Use of Granite and Laterite Rocks at the Tougoumatenga Spillway, Burkina Faso (2008) Laterite rocks were scarce at the Tougoumatenga site, so were used on the non flooded surfaces and for the under-layers. Granite rocks of a similar size were used for the outer layer, placed in a “fish-scale” pattern that covers the surfaces in front, on the top and downstream, including the surface of the dissipation basin and 2 natural outlets opening into the drainage lines that will channel normal flows. Concrete, being non flexible, is not recommended; but was used at this site along the front and back edges of the crest, at the request of the client project. This combined use might be possible at certain sites at Gbele. EAMP S L W M P F R M P