E2200 v1, Environment and Social sa,feguard Assessment Report of The Second Phase Four-lane Highway Widening Project Route 4: PangNga - Krabi Section 3 (A.Thap Put - A.Ao Luk) February 2009 By Environment Group Bureau of Planning Department of Highways Table of Content Page 1 Introduction 1 2 Project Description 3 3 Environment and Social Background 7 4 Social Safeguard Screening 13 5 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measure 16 6 The Environmental Management Plan 22 7 The Monitoring Plan 32 8 PubHc Involvement 39 9 Conclusion 42 ANNEX I: Resettlement Impacts Data 43 ANNEX II: Picture of the Public Involvement Process 44 1. INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Transport by the Department of Highways planned to widen the primary routes linking the Bangkok Metropolitan Area to each region in order to cope'with the rapid increase of the need for transportation. The plan included a total distance of 1,891 kilometers and wa$ completed in 1999. The second phase of widening for further primary routes were proposed and approved in prlnciple to enhance provincial link within the region in 1995. This plan included a total length of 4,366 kilometers. As shown in Figure 1, this project is a part of the second phase of widening for further primary routes. The proposed project is to widen Route 4 from the existing two-lane configuration to four-lane highway. This project would take place on Route 4 at Tambon Khao Kram, Amphoe Muang Kilometer (KM) 130+400 to Section at Tambon Khao Yai, Amphoe Ao Luk KM 162+200. Both the beginning and the end of project are in Krabi Province. The project objective is to enhance the existing network highways capacity, which consequently results in road safety improvement and economic growth stimulation. Currently, DOH is seeking a World Bank loan for the implementation of the highway-widening project of route 4 from Tambon Khao Kram, Amphoe Muang KM 130+400 to Tambon Khao Yai, Amphoe Ao Luk KM 162+200. The widening would be undertaken mostly on both sides of the - , current route that is 29.658 kilometers of a two-lane asphaltic concrete highway. The purpose of the environment and social safeguard assessment report is to identify environmental issues associated with the project required for a World Bank loan. The environment and social safeguard assessment report presents key information on the project and back ground data on location, including findings during field visit, identification of potential impacts and required mitigations, and a proposed action plan to be executed by DOH during the implementation of the project. 2 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF LAOS. KAMPUCHEA GULF OF rnAILAND NETWORK 1 - NElWORK2 NETWORK 3 NETWOR\<~4 NETWORK 5 NETWORKS - NEWI/ORKB NETWORKS NElWORK 10 ".IE~V,rOP,K; NETWORK 12 Figure 1: The second phase four-lane highway widening project 3 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Type of Project According to World Bank's project classification, this project has been categorized as a Category B project since: .· The project activities will be carried outwithin the existing right~of-way; · The project would not involve resettlement and land acquisition:: · The project related impacts are site specific, and the mitigation can be developed and implemented. The project comprises widening and strengthening of National Highway,. Route 4, from Tambon Khao Kram, Amphoe Muang, Krabi Province to Tambon Khao Yai, Amphoe Ao l.uk, Krabi Province, over a length of 29.658 kilometers. 2.2 Need fQr the Project The widening will facilitate the traffic along the existing two-lane highway; providing additional road capacity to cope with the rapid increase of traffic across the region. In addition, it is anticipated that the highway-widening project would stimulate economic activity and growth of the southern region. 2.3 Location The highway widening is proposed for Route 4, beginning on Route 4, KM 130+400 at Tambon Khao Kram, Amphoe Muang, Krabi Province. The project is in the northerly direction to the end on Route 4, KM 162+200, at Tambon Khao Yai, Amphoe Ao Luk, Krabi Province as shown in figure:2: Project Location. 2.4 Description of the Project The project objective is to enhance the existing network highway capacity, which consequently results in road' safety improvement and economic growth stimulation. The project proposed ;to widen 29.658 kilometers of roadway and bridges along Route 4, starting from the existing two-lane configuration to four-lane highway and the activities would take place from Tambon Khao Kram, Amphoe Muang km 130+400 and end at about Tambon Khao Yai, Amphoe Ao Luk km 162+200. , . I The widening qf roadway and bridges within the project slction was proposed to be wholly within DOH's existing I right-of~way (ROW). The proposed widening schemes of the project are shown lin Figure 5. 4 Figure 2: Project Location 5 Figure 3: Beginning of the project Figure 4: End of the Project 6 Construct the new road on the both sides with raised median (KM 130+400 - KM 150+400 and KM 152+700 - KM 162+200) Construct the new road on the righf:side with 2.60 m. concrete barrier (KM 150+,400- 152+400) Construct the new road on the both sides with 2.60 m. concrete barrier (KM 152+400- KM 152+700) Figure 5: Proposed widening scheme of the project 7 3. ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL BACKGROUND 3.1 Environment Background The road passes through gen'erally rolling terrain with most area of rubber and palm plantation and some appearance of orchard, The average slope is lower than 5%. There is a rock hill within the existing ROW on the left side at KM 150+800, however, this may not be affected as the widening at this location will be carried out within the ROW on the right. The soil along the project alignment is sandy loam. The CBR value is about 4%. Figure 6: Rubber and Palm Plantation Figure 7: Rock Hill on Left Side at KM 150+850 The land along the proposed highway widening is generally rOiling terrain and the average slope is lower than 5%. No Significant erosion and sedimentation problems associated with this project would be anticipated. Climatic data at Krabi station are. available for 30 years (1961-1990). The average highest temperature is 34.2 ·C in March. The average lowel>t temperature is 21.2 ·C in January. The 8 climate is tropical monsoonal, with a pronounced wet season from May to October. The mean annual rainfall in this region is 2,231.8 mm. The proposed project is not within a seismic zone. No data available on ambient noise level in the project area. However, when comparing with other 4-lane roads in adjacent areas, there is no impact of noise on communities and sensitive receptors. The impact of noise may be considered to be negligible. There are no data of ambient air quality of the areas around the project .highway. However, the areas are open and could enhance the dispersion and dilution ofair pollutants if any. In addition, the sensitive receptors, e.g. schools, and hospital are not immediately adjacent to the ROyv. As a result, the impact on air pollution may not be significant. the project alignment crosses Khlong Hin, Khlong Ban Klang, Khlong Ao Luk, Khlong Thorn, .Khlong Klang, a;nd other waterways. The water quality of streams crossed is within class three of surface water classification of Ministry Qf Science, Technology and Environment I.e. water is suitable· for agricultural purpose and can be used for domestic conslJmption after treatment. , I '. I, 'I':, . '. , > lj,:I~';':. i .. ' " i" Tne, .', '. '. ,ingbf~~he:iIP~w~ct road will be within the existing right-of-way. The land adjacehtto the ii9ht-~f-W~Y?f:it~~ prdj~(:;tiS mostly rubbe~ and palm plantation. None of forest conserv~tio;'areas l'mHqund close ~b the project alignment. The project does not pass through the watershed class 1 ; " ",1 , 'la' :~,' ,, ,,~ ~ I.' . i. ,,; , , , and 2; There are 2 large trees on the leftside at KM 151+500 - KM 151+600. however, this may not be a significant il11pact as the widening at this location will be carried out within the ROW on the right. Moreover, there are some teaks and other plants along the both sides of project. · '; ,<. There are no ecological resources such as fisheries. aquatiC biol99Y, Wildlife, or forests. there are 5 canals crossed by the project highway. Howeve~, there would~;i be;a major effect on tlie water quality since the bridge approach will be emplqyed. The bridge~ <;:bnstruction would,ri'tc~use serious impact on aquatic ecology as the quality ofwater b.odiescross'9d by the p(oject highway is classified as class three: water is suitable for agri6ultural purpose, and domestic consumption and the Contractor will be required to implement the mitigationmeasu'~esto'prevent ormitigate impacts on water quality. ' i' · , '; ~ , 3.2 Social Background In this proposed highway section, there are approximately 8 villages, 5 religious places, 5 srihools, 1 public health station, 1 hospital, and other government offices. There are no archeological and historic sites in the vicinity of the project road. Adjacent to the highway but outside DoH's right-of- way, there are some rubber and palm plantation. There are around 7' temporary sheds, set up for selling villagers' product (e.g. food) within DoH's existing ROW on the both sides of the roadway at KM. 138 KM. 140. Thus, the temporary sheds must be shifted toa suitable area dutside the ROW, which could be behind the existing shed, as the owners are living in the vicinity. No resettlement plan is required but mitigation will be considered to ~inimize the impactthat might occur. ------------~- -~ .. ..--------.--- -_.. 9 Figure 8: Temporary shop within DOH's ROW Major income generated locally is from plantation, and small shops. Neither significant aesthetic, archeological and historical treasures nor recreational resources are found. The impacts on the quality of life of the local people would be minor in nature but positive overall. During construction, labor would be sought locally, consequently providing employment to the local people leading to increased economic activity. There would be an improvement in traffic management through improved traffic signaling thereby reducing the potential for traffic accidents. During construction, there may be issues of access. These are antiCipated to be minor in nature and short in duration. Additionally any existing public infrastructure would not be affected as the widening is within ~he existing ROW. The existing road and the proposed project route stand on a rolling terrain with area of rubber and palm plantation, and some appearance of orchard. There are communities scattering along both sides of the roadway. Mostly temples, schools, and hospitals are located adjacent to the highway. The road inventory of the project is shown in Figure 9. 10 140+000 e ] [ 0, 'to) [ ~ ;: ® Central Mosque 0 c:: 138+000 i!:. Palm Plan,tation + ~+Rubber Plantation i!:. < " ,Ban Klang 137+200 4 Lane ~Ban Nhong Loom Por, ~I' ',r: Bar Gun,!llncti9n "'tI iii :::I Ii o· ~ ;~ ,]:: :::I Q. ''< , ',.... : g 3 133+000 Palm Plantation i!:. Ban Salapra~uang 'RJ0ng Hin Pittayakom School Rubber & Palm Plantation Rubber & Palm Plantation I" Palm Plantation ' ®Rukkachart Samakki Monastery Rubber Plantation Rubber Plantation '1:~ i ' 130+400 i!:. Fb Community School Health Station! Medical Center ® Temple I Mosque C Government's OffIce I ,[Bridge Figure 9: The Road Inventory 11 i Rubber Plantation Rubber Plantation I E 150+000 ..,c:> ,,\ :C,-,-c ] :e~ v : 'c o" , " i', c,,-';;<";;'-'- Khlong Klang [ Khlong Klang I 1\0) c:> c:> - -- -- -- -- --~ -- ----- ---- -_.- -- ----- --- N I Palm Plantation ~ ""c:> ~g Ao Luk Hospital D:: 1:1 149+300 .. .. R:J Ao Luk Prachasan School ToAo AoLuk 4· 6 Lane To Ao Plai Phra Ya 147+900 Wat Ao Luk Nua ® & 50 -,~:-.--.:,",," ,- ~-.,---<:- ~,- ,---,-'-----.-""'.:-,...,-.->'",:,'~'-:"",-,-.- ........".,-...,-'."",-,-.-~-',-'r·---·-·-",-::~-.-"... ,-.........- ".....""--<"'~~ ..4" .-¢'<'" -,","", KhUmg Ao Luk ] [ Kfllong AOLuk Ie -------- -- _.. - - ."- - - - .-_.---.. ----.'--..-- -- ~ ~ ~'",. .. -"" .. - .. ----- ----- -- --'--'- ------- ;t~ - 147+000 ~ S" Rubber & Palm Plantation Rubber & Palm Plantation "tJ iii ::I ~ ~ g a 0 146+000 C/J -/~ Ql E ::I ~ c:> :e~ "~ Ban Nai Yuan Nok I') :;;- I ~ Ql Rubber Plantation ,c~ 3 I Rubber Plantation 3: ""c:> Ao Luk Power Plant ~ 1:1 144+000 , ; R:J Ban ~ai Yuan School 143+500 Rubber & Palm Plantation Rubber & Palm Plantation Ban Nai Yam Khak ~c , Rubber Plantation Rubber Plantation 141+000 Ban Klang Health Station ~ 'I I ~ Community R:J School ~ Health Stationl Medical Center ® Temple I Mosque D Government's Office ] [ Bridge Figure 9: The Road Inventory (Cont.) 12 162+200 Rubber Plantation Rubber Plantation Palm Plantation 160+000 ] [ Palm.Plantation 159+000 Rubber & Palm Plantation Palm Plantation 158+000 Palm Plantation 157+000 "~ :r (Q Palm Plantation' ;; .. E 156+000 III :r .., 0 "0 Rubber & Palm Plantation Palm Plantation I "N' iii '0 0 ::l N 'I :11' S' ~ 155+000 w ct. ,0 0 ,~ i! a Rubber & Palm Plantation iprchard III III ::), ::l Q. Ban Nhong Chum Sang ~ ; 154+000 '< r " "1":'( ::Iifb 0 III 3 ::II!I.::: Wat PraiSon School Ban Nai Yuan ~ i!,: I(!) Wat PraiSon 153+000 I~ubber Plantation ::il! Rubber Plantation :Iipalm Plantation ',::1/1,,' ,I 152+000 151+000 -'II , ~ Community School Health Stationl Medical Center o Temple I Mosque ,C, Government'sOffice ] [ Figure 9: The Road Inventory (Cont.) ____....._ E l' il'Ikl/'I"' ___".,.",._____· __.............._....,..__ 13 4. SOCIAL SAFEGUARD SCREENING 4.1 Social Safeguard Screening According to World Bank's relevant Operational Directives (0.0. 4.20: Indigenous Peoples and . 0.0. 4.30: Involuntary Resettlement), the initial social assessment checklist is adopted as a guideline for initial social' assessment. DOH conducted site visit, which provided a better understanding of local communities, land use pattern, economic activity, and livelihood. Most of local people earn their living from crops, e.g., rubber, palm, and tropical fruit. During the site visit, 7 temporary shops were found to be within the ROW on the both side of the .road section as shown in figure 4. The road widening is proposed to be carried out on the both side of the existing road section. Consequently, the shifting of temporary shops is required. The other potential social impacts during the implementation and operation are identified as below: · Health and safety problems; and · Change in economic activity. During implementation, cbnstruction activities would affect the ambient noise and air quality and safety of both pedestrians and motorists. People will be impacted if the mitigation measures are not implemented appropriately. However, it is a requirement that identified· measures will be implemented by contractors as they will be included in the contract documents, and monitored by DOH. For example, temporary sidewalks will be provided where the existing ones are disturbed and noise-creating activities will be carried out during the daytime. Highway widening can result in both improving and deteriorating noise and air quality. At present, the capacity of two-lane highway is almost fully occupied. In the near future, traffic congestion may be occUrred and that is the major source of air pollutant. Extending the capacity of major highway would be benefit overall in this case even when the vehicle volume increases. However, poor conditions of highway surface may generate much more air pollutants and higher noise level from vehicles than those generated when driving on good surface conditions. Therefore, the regular highway maintenance will be carried out and included as one of the mitigation measures. Similarly, traffic signs limiting the vehicle speed will be in place. Inconvenience arising from construction activities may change economic interaction. Limited travel lanes, poor access to local places and services, and bad conditions of road surface may deviate road users to other roadways, which consequently decrease the economic activities along the proposed section. Nevertheless, appropriate controls and traffic management during the· implementation could maintain or even enhance the economic activities around the project area. During the operation, u-turns could provide a better access to areas along the road section. 14 Initial Social Assessment (lSA) Checklist of Information on Resettlement Estimated Number of Project Affected Persons1 (APs):__7__ Vulnerable Groups: Types Yes I No Remarks · Poverty group affected ../ The project is proposed to be wholly within the existing right-of"way. Therefore; resettlement may not be of concern. I ·· .. Women headed households affected ../ Indigenous Peoples Affected I ../ · Other vulnerable group2 affected I ../ Types of Impacts (Social and Economic Risks)3 Types Yes I No Provide details (Expected number of households, area of land, types of structures I likely to be affected). where possible · Is land acquisition necessary ../ I · Presence of squatters ../ 7 temporary shops are located within the ROW on i Ithe both side of the road section. It is necessary to shift those shops to other areas since the widening will be carried out on the both side of the roadway. i I · Loss of structures resulting in displacement ../ , I· Displacement of people due to loss of ../ I productive assets i · People losing means of livelihood and ../ incomes · Is there any risk of economic marginalization ../ ofAPs · Basic facilities! services will be inaccessible ../ · Impact on crops, trees and other fixed assets ../ · Tenants! Lessees losing crops! trees ../ · Loss of community assets ../ · · Loss of existing social & community ties ../ Note: Information for ISA should be collected in consultation and coordination with EA, loCal authorities, local NGOs and community leaders of affected community. Where possible, sufficient time should be spent for group discussion with community likely to be affected by the project. The number of people likely to be affected should be based on rapid assessment. This may include disabled, child labor, etc. It may not always be possible to get information on some of the above impacts at the ISA stage. However, particular attention should be paid to these types of impacts during the project preparation stage. ____________ __ _____ ________________________________·________________ ,._~~_A_£j_~h ~d_'_. ~ 15 4.2 Social Impact and Mitigation Measures Since the road widening will be implemented within the existing right-of-way; no significant impacts are likely to occur. Nevertheless, social impacts can be managed and minimized through a community consultation process. Typically, the project road passes through relatively rolling terrain. The width of right-of-way is ranged between 40-60 meters. At section km. 138 to km. 140, it is seen that local people are utilizing some part of right-of-way for commercial purpose Le. selling grilled chicken. From the survey, it reveals that there are 7 temporary shops locate within the right-of way. All of the shops are located in front of the owner's house. Prior to construction, for safety reason, those shops will be relocated outside the right-of-way. To avoid i/mpact on people's income, the shop shall be relocated as fast as possible to ensure that shop owner will not experience any stoppage in their operation. As can be seen in Figure 8, the temporary shops can be removed easily by the shop owner themselves, or they can call for labor and/or materials from the project if necessary. Additionally, the project will help in ground leveling prior to removing. In doing this, the assistance will be provided at no cost to the shop owner. Therefore, the livelihood of those shop owners will not be severely affected by the road widening project. List of affected people is shown in Annex I. 16 5. IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION MEASURE 5.1 Environmental Problems Due To Project Location The road section towiden under the project is within the existing right-of-way, and the majority of the works will be undertaken along the existing alignments. Accordingly, no significant environmental impacts are anticipated due to the project's location. 5.2 Environmental Problems Related with Project Design The design unit has sought to minimize any environmental impacts by ensuring that the widening road is within the existing right-of-way. Project design also takes account of the need to avoid creating potential slips or instability where new embankments are required. In addition, drainage· system was highly emphasized in order to effectively control and prevent the flooding problem. The existing culvert will be either lengthened or reconfigured. Local aesthetic value is another issue to be considered during project design. 5.3 Env.ironmental Problems Associated with Construction Stage As the project roadway has served the transportation of this region for a long time, most environmental impacts from the widening would occur only during the construction. The severities of these impacts are considered to be minor to moderate because they can be mitigated by implementing appropriate mitigation measures. Furthermore, construction is taking place in the existing ROW, which is free from significant or important natural features. And they would last for a short period - during the construction. The environmental aspects of concern would be: · Blockage of entrance/access; Traffic congestion and safety; · Soil erosion and flooding during wet season; Nuisance noise during the construction; Removal and transplanting tree; Deterioration of air quality from construction machinery and vehicles; and · Dust generation during dry season. Table 1 shows the potential environmental impacts, and proposed mitigation measures during the construction stage. Contractor is responsible for implementing the mitigation measures during the construction and will be required to follow DOH's Conditions of Contract, Specifications for Highway Construction, and proposed Environmental Management Plan. The proposed mitigation measures in Table 1 will be included in the contract. DOH's project engineer will assist and monitor the contractor in accordance with the mitigation measures identified and on-site implementation. 17 Physical Environment Noise Construction activities may Construction equipment will be equipped with engine increase noise level and cause silencers or use equipment, which generate lower noise the noise level to exceed the level. standard. However, when Noise creating activities will be carried out during daylight comparing with other 4-lane hours: roads in adjacent areas, there is no impact of noise on The Contractor will inform local public regarding the communities and sensitive unavoidable noise creating activities, timing and receptors. The impact of noise construction plan prior to the construction. may be considered to be negligible. Air Quality Transportation of construction The construction materials and wastes will be removed material, equipment from the construction area as soon as possible. transportation and construction Spoil trucks, material trucks, and stockpiles will be activities may cause the covered at all times. increase of dust and toxic gas. Regular water spraying will be done on, open surface. However, the project areas are open, which could enhance the 'The equipment and machinery will be regularly checked and malfunction observed will be corrected accordingly. dispersion and dilutionof air pollutants if any. In addition, The haulage aistance, will be kept to a minimum. the sensitive receptors are not The truck speed will be limited to minimized dust immediately adjacent to the generation. ROW. As a result, the impact The contractor will plant tall, leafy, and dense vegetation on.air pollution m<3Y not be between roads and local people' settlement. significant. Vibration Constructi.on transportation, The road's surface condition will be maintained regularly. and .activit;ies may cause high Vibration creating activities will be strictly controlled in level of vibration, which cause such away that minimizes the vibration. the trouble to persons in buildings Surface Water Construction may cause the Contractor will intenSify the construction activities during Hydrology modification of water flows. the dry season, e.g., excavating or filling, and bridge construction. Pipes and culverts will be regularly cleaned to prevent blockage of water resulting in flooding problem. Dumping of residual construction material or solid waste into waterways shall be prohibited to protect waterways from being shallow or stagnant water problem. 18 Water Quality Water quality could be Bridges will be constructed during the dry season. deteriorated due to the Vegetative area around 1 m from the waterways :-viiibe increased sediment and maintained as a buffer zone. suspended particles, and the Contractor will cOnsider planting native vegetation at the. contamination from leachate. disturbed water streams Construction material will be stored at least 100 m from the watercourse. Sanitary .Iatrille and septic tank will be .installed within construction camp~" Waste dumpingwiH be prohibited. Washing equipment will not be allowed in the water streams. Soil and Erosion Opened surface may cause Construction activities will beintEmsifiecl during dry increased erosion. season. The extent of ground disturbance will be minimized. Grasses and native vegetation will be promptly grown after the should~r is filled and compacted to protect the soil surface instantly. Geology and No significant mineral.sources Mineral exist within the vicinity of the project roadway Rock and earth Dust. noise and vibration cQuld Borrowing pits and quarries will be located at least 500 m aggregate be generated from rock and from 'Settlement areas. earth borrowing sites. Nois and vibration generating activities within borrowing El pits will be carried out during daylight hours. Proper dust, noise and vibration corrtroi shall be in places. Stockpiles of construction materials shall be covered or sprinkled to preventdust nuisance. Ecological Resources Aquatic ecology Erosion from construdtion sites The lilctivities of construction will be intensified during the , ' may result in downstream dry season. siltation, ruining spawning· Bridge will be constructed during the drY season. beds for fish Construction machinery will be inspected regularly to Construction residual can be a prevent any oi/leakage. major source of turbidity, and Construction activities will be prohibited in front of raise biological oxygen waterway to prevent silt-laden water from entering the demand. watet streams. Wildlife No local wildlife corridors Forest · No ecologically sensitive areas Contractor will avoid disturbing vegetation in areas and forest exist. outside the construction zone. 19 Some teaks and other plants Contractor must contact the Forest Industry Organization will be removed. before removing teaks from the construction areas. The transplanting shall be considered as much as possible. Human and Economic Development Land Use Land use pattern would not Contractor will avoid making any damage to the water change significantly as the streams crossed. roadway already exists and the Construction activities will be done in such a way that widening would take place .avoids filling up water resource and interrupt water wholly within the existing system. ROW. There will be efficient drainage system to avoid flooding problem. Transportation Construction would result in Construction equipments and materials will be moved congestion, especially at the during the off-peak period traffic to aVQid the traffic populated areas and junction congestion. with other highways. Contractor shall provide appropriate construction technique such as detour roads to minimize the problem Transportation of construction of local traffic. material may damage the existing roadway. Local people will be informed regarding the construction plan and activities, and appropriate alternative roads, in advance. Caution signs will be posted to remind road users before entering the construction area. The routes, which have been used to transport construction equipments and materials, will be maintained in good condition. Flood Control There would be impact on The appropriate and sufficient drainage structures will be drainage, if the drainage installed. structures are not adequately installed. Public Utilities Relocation of infrastructures Contractor will inform affected people regarding any and may be necessary. inconveniences, e.g. electric and water cut due to the Infrastructure construction in advance. Construction may affect the accessibility of local utilities Temporary access to any existing areas along the and public areas. roadway being constructed will be provided. Quality of Life Values Socio-economic The impacts on the quality,of Local public will be informed prior to commencement of life of the local people would civil work regarding temporary inconveniences during the be minor in nature but positive construCtion. 20 . overall. The positive impact is Contrl;lctor will minimize damage on surface of existing i the expanSion of local tr~ding roads and local tracks. especially on consumer products, dueto increasing Road obstruction will be avoided. Where unavoidable, demand from construction damages willbe repaired as soon as possible. workers. Labor would be sought locally, consequently providing Construction activities may employment to the local people leading to increased affect the convenience of local economic activity. public and travelers who use the.road passing the project .areas during construction period. I Resettlement Noland expropriation is DOH will be responsible Tor shifting of the shops to a reqi.Jired as the widening will suitable location outside the ROW when needed, which take place within DOH's could be just behind the existing shop-set-up location, as existing ROW. However local most shop owners are likely the peopleliving in the. people who set up temporary vicinity. shops within ROW may be affected ., Archaeological No archaeological sites would and aesthetic be impacted. values Health and Poor sanitary condition, e.g. Contractor will be required to set up a sanitary Safety dirty drinking water, management plan for worker camp to e.nsure that DOH's inappropriate waste requirements are met. management, and inadequate Appropriate waste management will beset up, e.g. waste and dirtytoilet, could result in disposal method, provision of garbage can, etc. workers'.sickness. Clean drinking water will be providedto on -site Unsafe condition may cause construction workers. workers' injuries. Responsibility will be assigned to maintain safe and clean construction camp All workers will be trained in safety preriaution and emergency plan prior to the constructior. First aid kit and appropriate personal p~otective equipment will be sufficiently provided. 5.4 Environmental Effects During Operation The potential environmental effects from operation of the proposed widening are listed in Table 2: Potential Impacts during Operation. The absence of environmentally sensitive areas such as pristine forests within the project area precludes any significant indirect· environmental effects. Major impacts would include increased noise, vibration, air pollution, and road accident due to road 21 traffic and soil erosion and flooding due to blockage of water flow and poor condition of shoulder. DOH will follow good practice during maintenance and coordinate with local government and other concerned agencies to reduce the impacts. 5.5 Potential Environmental Enhancements The environmental enhancements or beneficial impacts from the highway widening are significant, long-term,and wide raging. The benefits are of interregional significance and include: · Encouragement of Thailand's economic growth; Improved local employment during construction; Transportation enhancement across the region; and · Increase in local people's income. Noise NOise level may increase due DOH will set up a monitoring plan for noise level during to the increased traffic volume. the operation at seriSitive receptor, e.g. school, and hospital and provide efficient noise barrier where needed. Road surface condition will be maintained to reduce noise pollution. Air Quality Increase traffic level may result DOH's district engineer will maintain good condition of in deterioration of ambient air roadway to enhance tlie highest efficiency of the vehicles. quality Traffic signs will be provided to facilitate the traffic and minimize the congestion. Highway District will maintain tall, leafy, and dense , vegetafIon between roadsand IocaI peopIe' resettlemen. I Surface Water Roadway may cause the Culvert maintenance will be carried out by Highway Hydrology modification of water flows. District to ensure the highest efficiency in order to avoid the blockage ofwater flows along the highway. ISoil and Er~sion Poor condition of shoulders Inspection of grassing will be done especially in the time could result in erosion before ~he rainy season. Health and High traffic volume may cause DOH's !:listrict engineer will maintain the traffic warning Safety the higher rate of accident tq signs and surface condition to alleviate the accident. both the pedestrians and the road users 22 6. THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN To mitigate the potential negative impacts of a highway project, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed typically to identify the mitigation measures to. be undertaken during conceptual/detailed engineering design, construction, and. operation stages,· including the responsible units.· For the highway-widening project, the detailed engineering design has been completed at this stage; therefore the activities specified in the EMP are limited to those to be carried out during construction,and operation. During the conceptual and detailed design, efforts were. madeto avoid the need for land acquisition and compensation, provide adequate safety to road users, and inform the local public. DOH carried out a formal consultation meeting with local public in January 2009 and a summary of the public consultation report is presented in chapter 8. The mitigation measures for the environmental impacts have been incorporated into the EMP. DOH will continue to make an effort to ensure that the key mitigation measures that can be done during the detailed design stage is incorporated into the final design. The EMP requirements as minimum environmental requirements will be included into the biddihg document (specifications for highway construction). 6.1 NOISE AND VIBRATION A. Background Noise and vibration from construction activities, and transportation of construction materials, and higher traffic volume may impact upon people, property, and other sensitive receptors. B. Objectives To minimize noise and vibration impacts arising from construction activities. To ensure that noise emissions from construction equipment and machinery are controlled and that machinery meets best practice emission standards. · To protect Communities from excessive noise. 1. Additional DOH requirements should be Contractor During Included in a strictly followed construction construction Operate construction activities during period budget daytime. · Limit construction traffic to be during daytime especially the transportation of construction materials. Use the or machineries 23 which fit standard of construction. Regularly check and maintain construction machineries an~ promptly repair when malfunction is observed. 2. Plantation of leafy trees and shrubs should Contractor . Before ending of Included in a be applied, construction .construction period budget 3. Traffic signs, limiting the speed of vehicles Highway District Operation phase ,Included in DOH's to be below 60 kmlhr at communities, routine should be regularly maintained. maintenance budget 4. Road surface condition will be maintained Highway District Operation phase Included in DOH's to reduce noise pollution. routine maintenance budget 6.2 AIR QUALITY A. Background Air quality could be, deteriorated by construction activities as they usually generate dust and toxic gas from machineries, construction vehicles, and open surface. Dust generation is the key air quality issue at construction sites and can be a health hazard. In addition, vehicle emissions are the greatest contributor to air pollution. B. Objectives To control dust generation and to keep airborne dust to a minimum. To ensure that emissions from construction machinery and eqUipment are controlled. · To contribute to the control of total vehicle emissions through the promotion of environmentally responsible motoring manner. 1. DOH should clearly specify in the contract DOH, Contractor During Included in a that contractor has to strictly follow the construction construction requirements regarding the environmentally period budget responsible construction performance as follows: · Remove construction materials and wastes from the construction area as soon as possible. 24 construction materials. Limit the extent of disturbed or open surface Restore disturbed areas as soon as possible. · Keep haulage distance of construction materials to a minimum. · Limit construction activities on windy day. · Service equipment and machinery regularly to minimize vehicle emissions. · Spray water on open surface. 2. Contractor should plant tall, leafy, and Contractor Before ending of Included in a dense vegetation between roads and local construction construction people' settlement. . period budget 3. Traffic signs should be provided to facilitate Contractor Before ending of Included in a . the traffic and minimize the congestion. construction construction period budget 4. DOH's districtengineer should maintain Highway District iOperation phase Included in DOH's good condition of roadway and traffic signs routine to enhance the highest efficiency of the maintenance vehicles. budget 5. Highway district should maintain tall, leafy, Highway'District Operation phase Included in DOH's and dense vegetation between roads and rdutine local people' settlement. maintenance budget 6.3 WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY A. Background Poor waste and site management, and erosion and drainage control can arise water quality issues relating to highway construction especially in the rainy season. Contamination of local watercourses from the operation of highway may also cause ,a long term effect on water quality. , B. Objectives To eliminate water pollution from construction activities. To protect the quality of waterways, groundwater, natural and built drainagesystems. ---_..__._---_. __.----_.-.-._----_.------ __... 25 · To manage the quality of water runoff and minimize the impact from the highway on the local environment. 'i~~ttjijiY . DOH should clearly specify in the contract DOH, Contractor During Included in a that contractor has to strictly follow the construction construction requirements regarding the environmentally period budget responsible construction performance as follows: · Bridges should be planned to be constructed during the dry season. · Vegetative area around 1 m from the waterways should be maintained asa buffer zone. · Contractor should consider planting native vegetation at the disturbed water streams · Construction material should be stored at least 100 m from the watercourse. · Waste dumping and equipment washing in the water streams is prohibited. · Construction vehicles and machineries should be regularly maintained to prevent fuel and oil leaks. · All chemicals, fuels, and other hazardous substances should be securely stored on imperviously bunded area. Bunded areas should not be in areas prone to flooding. 2 Construction areas along the waterway Contractor During. Included in a should be control to minimize any possible construction construction soil erosion and drainage of sediment into period budget the waterway 3 Construction camp should be at least 50 m Contractor During Included in a from waterway and wastewater management construction construction should be establish, e.g. septic tank, period budget wastewater drainage system. Other justifiable measures will betaken to prevent the water stream contamination by containing wastewater generating from construction camp. 4. DOH's district engineer should regularly Highway District Operation phase Included in maintain and clean runoff drainage systemto DOH's routine ensure the highest efficiency. maintenance budget 26 Included in as a tool: for controlling of sediment, .and DOH's routine runoff. maintenance budget 6.4 CONSTRUCTION CAMP A. Background Usually, construction worker are mainly not local people. Construction camp is needed to temporarily accommodate workers. Consequently, it is likely to generate the sanitary problems if the construction camp is not well controlled. B. Objectives To obtain good sanitary conditions for construction workers. Contractor should plan and set up .Contractor During Included in a construction camp following the criteria construction construction below: period budget · Location of the camps - the area s for locating the camps should be at least 50 m from waterway and within the service area of electricity and water supply. · Waste management garbage tank should be provided throughout the construction camp. Garbage tank should be regularly emptied and cleaned. Other disposal method should be approved and in line with local regulations. · Sanitation - safe and clean drinking water should be provided to all construction workers at all times: Construction camp should be kept clean at all times. Clean restrooms are provided at least 1 restroom per 15 workers. ·. Management of sewage - wastewater from construction camp will be contained and treated via on site septic tank prior to discharge off. - all workers should be trained in 27 safety precaution and emergency plan prior to the construction. Adequate first aid kit should be provided. · Removal of the camps and facilities - all camps and.facilities will be removed when the construction is completed. The areas will be restored as close as possible to the original conditions. . 2 Regular inspection of construction camp Contractor, During Included in a should be held to ensure that all Project Engineer construction construction requirements are met. period budget 6.5 SOIL AND EROSION A. Background Highway construction comprises many activities that are likely cause soil erosion, e.g. excavation, earthworks, and soil aggregate. Large areas of topsoil may be exposed to wind and runoff, which primarily causes soil loss. Soil erosion is, therefore, the major contributor to the build-up of sediment in the water streams. B. Objectives · To protect exposed soil surfaces from erosion · To protect and conserve soils. · To protect watercourses and downstream water bodies from siltation, sedimentation. and water pollutants. DOH should specify additional requirements Contractor, DOH During Included in a for controlling of soil erosion as following: construction construction period · Do not disturb or strip vegetation. If it is budget necessary to remove the vegetation cover, .strip the topsoil immediately after clearing, stockpile and re-use the topsoil to rehabilitate the areas that has been disturbed. · Minimize the area of land disturbed and period of exposure at any pOints. · Keep stockpiles of construction materials clear of drainage lines. 28 · Protect embankment from runoff and erosion. Embankment protection and control devices include silt fences, mulch or temporary plant covers. · Contain and equip construction materials storage area with drainage system. · Prevent the transport of sediment from material stockpiles. · Stabi.lize and cover the entrance and exit of constru~ion material storage areas by temporary vegetation or gravel. · Divert natural runoff around construction areas prior to any site disturbance. · Restrict vehicle movement over cleared areas. 5. All drainage structures and erosion controls Contractor, During Included in a should be monitored and repaired Highway District construction construction periodically. and operation budget and Phase DOH.'s routine maintenance budget 2 Sediment structures and drainage paths Highway District Operation Included in should be maintained through regular Phase DOH's routine cleaning and flushing out of sediment and maintenance litter, in order to retain maximum budget effectiveness 3 Grassing cover should be maintained over Highway District Operation Included in side slope to prevent soil erosion from DOH's routine during rainy season. maintenance budget 6.6 TRANSPORTATION A. Background Highway construction will result in a noticeable increase in the volume of local traffic by transportation of construction materials! equipment. The increased traffic could reduce the level of road safety if not properly managed in particular to on site workers, road users, and surrounding communities. Road accidents may occur that could result in injuries, deaths,· and other environmental damage. 29 B. Objectives To minimize impacts from potentially increased traffic volume on local roads. · Tb ensure the safety of construction personnel and the public. 1. Local people will be informed regarding the Contractor Beginning of Included in a construction plan, activities, and appropriate construction construction alternative roads, in advance. period budget. 2. The contractor has to strictly follow the traffic Contractor During Included in a management plan as described below: construction construction · The contractor constructs first stage at period budget area outside edge of existing roadway. · During first stage construction, Interruptions to traffic flow on existing roadway are not allowed. If the contractor requires area on shoulder ofexisting roadway for construction, permission has to be obtained from the project engineer. · The contractor shall provide preventive measures against accident and inconvenience to the road user. The measure shall include installation of traffic sign, marking, signal, lighting, and other incidental conforming to DOH. · After complete the first stage construction up to binder course layer, this layer will be opened to traffic serve. Then, the second stage construction will be commenced. · No space allowed on first stage construction .area for second stage construction. · After finishing the second stage construction with all incidentals, all traffic will be diverted to use these areas, and then wearing course layer shall be placed in first stage construction area with all incidentals. · Lane blocking at any place and any time are not allowed. Except the necessary a~ea, blocking may be allowed at night time. During blocking time, both direction of traffic flow shall be maintained at least one lane and preventive measures against accident shall be provided. 30 I I I 3. Construction equipments and materials will Contractor ! During . Included in a bemoved during.the off-peak period traffic to construction construction avoid the traffic congestion. period budget 4. Temporary access to any existing areas Contractor During Included in a along the roadway being constructed will be i construction Construction provided. period budget 5. The routes. which have been used to Contractor During Included in a transport~construction equipments and construction .construction materials, w\11 be mai'ltained in good period budget condition. 6. .Road surface condition and traffic signs will Highway District Operation Included in be maintained. .Phase DOH's routine maintenance budget I 6.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC A. Background Socio-econom.ic impacts can consist of positive and negative impacts to human life within local communities. Economic impacts occurred during construction such as increase local income or loss of busines~ opportunities. Social impacts are the other impacts to social systems such as restriction in access to transport, recreation and work, noise and other environmental impacts affecting the community. Social impacts can be managed t~rough a public involvement process. B. Objectives To maintain existing social systems and networking during construction. · To manage community issues proactively and ensure stakeholder satisfaction with the public involvement process. · To ensure that construction schedule is not delayed due to social or economic issues. 1. Local public will be informed prior the Contractor Beginning of Included in a commencement of civil work regarding construction construction temporary inconveniences during the period budget construction period. 2. Provide employment opportunities to the Contractor Beginning of Included in a local people as the first priority and as much construction construction as possible. period budget 3. Temporary shops within ROW will be Contractor Beginning of Included ina relocated to a areas the construction construction 31 4. Provide a telephone number as an During Included in a information line for community members to construction construction call to request information or register period budget complaints. 5. Provide clear signs on and around the Contractor During Included in a construction site with essential information construction construction about the project. period budget 6.a FOREST RESOURCE A. Background No ecologically sensitive areas and forest exist in the project area. However, some teaks and other plants will be removed and can result in the loss of vegetation from that site. Anylo$s of threatened vegetation will reduce the chances for the long term survival.of that species. B. Objectives · To ensure that maximum vegetation is retained on-site. To ensure that any rare species are not damaged by the construction activities. 1. The contractor has to follow the requirements Contractor During Included in a as described below; construction construction period budget Avoid disturbing the vegetation in a~eas outside the construction zone. Contact the Forest Industry Organization before removing teaks from the construction areas(if any). Transplanting shall be considered as much as possible. 7. THE MONITORING PLAN 32 DOH will bear full responsibility for ensuring that the project complies with best environmental practices and meets the mitigation and monitoring requirements as described in this report. This program would form part of the documentation to which contractors respohd and scope of the mitigation and the action plan are present in chapter 6; The Environmental Management Plan (EMP). To ensure highly effective EMP, a monitoring program has been developed. This environmental monitoring program involves two elements; environmental quality monitoring and monitoring of contractor's environmental performance. Environmental Quality can be assessed by common monitoring parameters such as Total Suspended Particle (TSP), and noise and vibration level. Given the extent of environmental impacts associated with the project, however, the environmental quality will not be significantly deteriorated. The impacts of highway widening are minor in nature and short in duration. In addition, the results of public involvement indicated that public rather concern about their convenience and safety as they rarely experience the severe impacts on dust, noise, and vibration nuisance. Furthermore, Environmental. Management Plan has been developed to ensure the Contractor's good environmental practices..However, DOH will require the Contractor to set up an emergEincy budget for environmehtal qualitymonitoring advised by Environment Group. This could bea result from periodic monitoring of the Contractor's environmental performance ifany major deficiency of good practices is observed. The Contractor's Environmental Performance is the crucial factor contributing to environmental quality. Therefore, a constructive monitoring on the Contractor's environmental performance "has been set up. Environmental Management Monitoring Checklist has been developed for periodic monitoring by the Contractor, DOH's Project Engineer, and DOH's Environment Group. This checklist comprises frve parts: project description, monitoring log sheet, monthly check and non- compliance and .correctiveand preventive action. Project description includes the detailed information of the project title, location, Contract period, DOH's Project Engineer, and The Contractor. Monitoring log sheet records the monitoring date and presents the acknowledgement of the Contractor regarding the monitoring results. Monthly Check involves common environmental management, which should be established prior to the commencement of civil work and all common construction activities, which could result in adverse environmental impacts. · Non-compliance and corrective and preventive action is a record of non-compliance identified from the periodic monitoring; This is to ensure that effective action is established to rectify any improper environmental management or practices. DOH's Project Engineer will monitor the Contractor's environmental performance at least once a month. A monthly report, which contains completed monitoring" checklist, summary of findings, 33 corrective and preventive actions, and copies of monitoring checklists completed by the Contractor will be submitted to DOH's Environment Group. DOH's Environment Group will conduct six-monthly monitoring (audit) on the Contractors environmental performance at least twice a year (during dry and wet season). The ContraCtor and DOH's Project Engineer will be present throughout the monitoring. If any major deficiencies in good environmental practices are observed during monitoring, the Contractor will be responsible for the monitoring of environmental quality (dust, nOise, vibration, water quality, etc) as advised by the Environment Group. The results of environmental monitoring will be compared with relevant environmental standards issued by enforcing authorities, e.g. the Pollution Control Department. Appropriate correction will be carried out accordingly. The summary of monitoring results will be submitted to the World Bank. PROJECT DESCRIPTION I II Project Title I Type of Project i (]lINew LJ; Widening (]lI Rehabilitation 34 : LJIOverlay UJOthers Location I Contract period I J DOH's Project Engineer (Print) (InSpector) (Signature) J Contractor's Project . (Pr1~tJ Engineer (Signature) I 35 MONITORING LOG SHEET Monitored by Acknowledged by Date (The Contractor, DOH's Project Engineer, (The Contractor's subordinate, or DOH's Environment Group) Contractor's Project Engineer) .. i I 36 No dust nuisance is observed from construction sites and facilities, material transportand opened surface. · Loaded trucks are covered or sprinkled. · No spill is observed on transport roads. · No ground surface is being exposed longer than two days without water spray. Stockpiles are covered or sprinkled. 2 Borrow pits and quarries are located at least 500 m from settlement areas and 100 m from water bodies. 3 Construction facilities: asphalt plant. concrete mixing plant, warehouse, chemical and waste storage area, are located at least 500 m from settlement area. 4 No noise and vibration nuisance is observed. Loading weight of trucks and driving speed are controlled. There is a record showing periodic maintenance of construction equipment and vehicle. 5 No flooding is observed Drainage Channels are not blocked with sediment, garbage, residual construction material, etc. 6 No waste and high sediment is observed in water bodies Material and waste dumping into water bodies is prohibited A proper control, e.g. net, to prevent any material from entering water bodies is in place when construction is carried out aVclosed to water bodies. 7 Stockpile are located at least 100 m away from water bodies 8 On-site wastewater treatme,nts are provided at construction camp, asphalt plant, concrete mixing plant, construction equipment and vehicle maintenance areas. 9 Wastewater is collected and properly treated via on-site wastewater treatment plant prior to discharged off 10 Waste management procedure and eqUipment (waste container, waste storage area, etc) are in place. -------- ----_._-- - ~---..-.-.------------.-.-.--.----- 37 11 Final waste disposal e.g. landfill and incineration within construction site is prohibited. 12 Waste oil and liquid hazardous waste are collected and stored in closed container within imperviously bunded and floored area (with capacity at least 110% of capacity of the largest tank) 13 Garbage containers are adequately provided and kept closed at all times except when used. No overloaded garbage container is being observed. 14 Liquid and solid chemicals, including engine fuel, are stored in closed container or package within imperviously bunded and -\ floored area (with capacity at least 110% of capacity of the largest tank). 15 All chemical containers are labeled. 16 Chemical containers are in good conditions and kept closed at all times except when used. 17 Free and safe movement of two-way traffic ove~ the project secti,on of highway or road exposed to the haul of materials is maintained. · Temporary detour roads are maintained in good conditions. · Warning signs, barricades or illumination are provided in accordance with DOH's standards. · Any damage to existing and detour roads is repaired in a timely manner 18 Construction sites and worker camp are kept clean and tidy. 19 Clean restrooms are provided to construction workers at least 1 restroom per 15 workers. 20 First aid kits and personal protective equipment are provided and easily acceSSible by construction workers. 38 Project Title Monitoring Date r--- Description of non-compliance " Location Corrective and preventive actions Target Date· ~ Contractor's project engineer DOH's project engineer (Print) (Print) (Signature) (Signature) Close-up ::JJCompletely closed rJiIIncompletely closed (describe here ) DOH's project engineer (Print) (Signature) Date 39 8. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 8.1 Introduction Public involvement is one of the important parts for all projects that allow people to access to information related to environmental impacts upon society and local community. More specifically, recommendations from stakeholders would be considered and incorporated into the design and mitigation plan. The ultimate goal is to provide the better road service for people and to minimize social impacts and environmental impacts to local communities and natural environment. Besides, good cooperation of local participation will minimize any rejection which might delay the project operation in the future. This public involvement is part of an environmental study of the proposed highway-widening project to be financed by the World Bank Loan. 8.2 Purpose of the Public Meeting The DOH chooses the public meeting technique for this project. The reason is that the public meeting is the direct means in receiving recommendations from the wide range of stakeholders. The purposes of the public meeting are to: 1. Provide an up to date information ofthe DOH project to all involved stakeholders, 2: Provide opportunities for stakeholders to exchange information that will be incorporated into the design and mitigation plan, and 3. Reduce the conflict and encourage the public to participate in the development of . highway project. 8.3 Stakeholders The stakeholders of this project can be divided to be 4'groups as follows:- 1. Local people that compose of:- · Shop owners who will be adversely affected by road widening · 19 community leaders and local people living along the roadside namely:- Banklang sub-district, Klonghin Sub-district, Khaoyai Sub-district, Moo 1, 6 of Ao Luk Nuea Sub-district, Moo 1, 3 of Banklang Sub-district, Moo 2, 4 of Klonghin Sub-district, Moo 1, 3, 4, 5 of Khaoyai Sub-district and Moo 1 of Nanuea Sub- distriCt 2. Local government officials I.e. Ao Luk Nuea Sub-district Administration Organization, Klonghin Sub-district Administration Organization, Nanuea Sub-district Administration Organization, Khaoyai Sub-district Administration Organization and Banklang Sub- district Administration Organization. 3. Project proponent i.e. Bureau of Highway 14th and the Highway District Office as the representatives of the Department of Highway. 4. Other interested people I.e. Contractor, farmers and others; 40 8.4 Agency Responsibilities Both representative from central office and regional office of the Department of Highway will be in charge ofthis project. ' 8.5 Date/Time/Location The public meeting was held on 15th January 2009 between 10 am and 11.30 am at Ao Luk district, hall, Ao Luk district, Krabi province. Ao Luk district hall is readily ,accessible, centrally located, weU known among the stakeholders, adequate circulation space for handicapped and wheelchairs at the entrance and throughout the meeting room (in case disabled people) and also provide suffiCient parking space. 8.6 Disclosure Information 1. Background of the project 2. Road design 3. Environmental impacts and mitigation measures 8.7 Summary of Public Involvement There were 40 persons in this public meeting. The suggestions of the participants are shown in the following table:- I:" ' .,The s,uggElstion the of people 11. Environment . , ' I , DOH shall maintain drainage system to prevent flooding. 'Inappropriate drainage size will be replaced '=-1nd will also be well maintained during operation. . Care shall be taken on the impact of dust during the Impacts of dust and air pollution are already . phase of construction. , inc,orporated in the enVironment.al mitigation .. I 1 measures. ' '.------1' Big trees should not be cut. , Big trees shall be relocated by balling befo.re I removing to suitable locations. 2. Social During construction, for increasing income. bOH should Normally, local labor will be hired during road I incorporate,with contractor to employ local labor. 3. Safety In. general, location of pedestrian bridge is not . For safety reason, pedestrian bridges are located appropriated. at all schools and communities. In addition, the bridges will be designed in accordance with safety instruction of the Bureau of Traffic Safety. ~--~--~---~-----------~--- 41 The suggestion ofthe people DOH ReSponses <, i Location of U-turn shall be placed every1 kilometer · Throughout the project, there are 11 U-turns with interval 2-3 kilometer interval. Generally, it is well understood that the more U-turn the more traffic accident. Therefore, DOH could not response this. DOH shall improve the pavement condition of road from This section is under-construction. In responding Pang Nga to Thapput. this, DOH will incorporate with supervision engineer to minimize the impact. 42 9. CONCLUSION Since the project road passes through relatively flat terrain, no ecologically sensitive area such as national park found, therefore, impact on natural environment is considered to be negligible. In addition, the widening activities will be done within the existing ROW, no additional land will be acquired. Impacts arising from road construction, hence, .are ihsignificant and can entirely be mitigated. During construction, impacts on people and environment would then be controlled by proper monitoring plan. In brief, the widening project, by nature, will not create any signifi.cant impact on environment. Based on the public participation activities, it is revealed that the public targets' suggestions are taken into consideration for further modification of the project and to be in conformed with the local communities' needs. 43 ANNEX I Resettlement Impacts Data (1) Temporary Shop within the Existing ROW Annual Floor space of Shelter space Annual income Name of the family private house area area inside from shop within Product persons income beyond right of way right of way i ROW (BahtlYear) (m2) (m2) I (BahtlYear) i IMr.Sakun I 300,000 300,000 400 52 Grilled I Chicken Sura Mr.Prachuab 200.000 36,000 800 36 Beverage I i Nue-On I I Mr.Roj 120,000 80,000 3200 56 Grilled I Chicken i Nue-On i .1 Mr.Manad 600,000 N.A. 400 20 Fruit, i larnhard Grilled Fish Mr.Klai 70,000 30,000 N.A. 16 Grilled ! Suwannarat Chicken I I . Mrs.Pranee 30,000 N.A. N.A. N.A. Grilled : i 1 i · Eilin Chicken Mr.Yusoap N.A. N.A. N.A. 5 Food Talab I (2) Cult.ivated Land on the Existing ROW None 44 ANNEX II Picture of the Public Involvement January 15. 2009