SERBIA GENDER LANDSCAPE Color Key This briefing showcases the gender landscape in Serbia on key indicators Improvement helpful for monitoring gender equality and designing effective policy Deterioration interventions. Gender equality fosters productivity gains, minimizes losses No Change in wealth, reduces poverty, boosts shared prosperity, and supports green, resilient, and inclusive development. Click the indicators below to explore the World Bank Gender Data Portal. Latest* Comparison Year Value ECA UMC World Progress in ending all forms of gender-based violence Proportion of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of ever 2018 4.00 6.32 8.75 NA partnered women ages 15-49) Women who were first married by 18 (% of women 20-24) 2019 5.50 NA NA NA Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women 15-19) 2022 14.4 13.1 27.8 41.9 Stronger and more resilient human capital Learning poverty: Share of children at the end-of-primary age below minimum reading proficiency Female 2021 7.62 6.59 14.2 50.0 (%) Male 2021 10.0 8.31 17.2 53.7 Female 2022 79.1 85.8 68.8 44.8 School enrollment, tertiary (% gross) Male 2022 54.2 72.2 57.4 39.1 Female share of graduates from STEM programs, tertiary (%) 2018 42.6 NA NA NA Female 2020 0.95 NA NA NA Fraction of children under 5 not stunted Male 2020 0.93 NA NA NA Mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease between Female 2019 15.9 11.4 12.8 14.8 ages 30 and 70 (%) Male 2019 28.3 21.8 21.0 21.8 More and better jobs, including jobs of the future Female 2023 50.9 51.6 54.1 48.7 Labor force participation rate (% 15+) Male 2023 67.9 66.4 73.3 73.1 Female 2022 76.6 86.1 56.3 53.1 Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) Male 2022 70.1 79.6 57.0 51.3 Female 2022 11.5 6.58 17.4 25.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employment) Male 2022 15.3 8.44 23.6 26.9 Female 2023 12.2 12.8 NA NA Share of youth not in education, employment or training (% of youth population) Male 2023 12.6 10.7 NA NA Female 2023 26.1 15.7 18.3 15.4 Youth unemployment (% of labor force 15-24) Male 2023 23.2 14.5 16.2 13.4 Greater ownership and use of economic assets Female 2021 28.9 24.1 8.73 9.93 Received a public sector pension (% 15+) Male 2021 20.3 19.8 7.55 8.83 Female 2021 89.8 87.8 81.7 71.9 Financial institution account (% 15+) Male 2021 89.0 90.9 85.7 76.0 Wider access to and use of enabling services Female 2015 19.2 NA NA NA Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work (% of 24 hour day) Male 2015 8.69 NA NA NA Female 2023 84.6 86.6 75.8 61.6 Individuals using the Internet Male 2023 86.2 89.2 77.3 67.2 Female 2021 22.0 47.8 49.0 31.8 Used a mobile phone or the internet to pay bills (% 15+) Male 2021 32.8 53.0 54.0 37.0 Advances in women’s participation in decision-making Female share of employment in senior and middle management (%) 2023 37.1 NA NA NA Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) 2019 28.5 34.1 36.2 33.8 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2023 34.8 31.1 27.2 26.7 Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 2022 36.0 27.0 21.0 22.8 * Latest value shows the latest available value from 2012 onwards. Color coding of the latest country value represents a more than 10 percent change upward or downward from the country’s baseline value from either 2010 or 2011. No coloring applied whenever there is no data for 2010 or 2011. Notes: (1) Serbia is part of the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region and an upper middle income country (UMC) as classified by The World Bank Group. Peer Comparison shows how Serbia performs relative to its peers in the region, income group, and the world. (2) Data and definitions can be found on the Gender Data Portal. Data is as of October 13, 2024. SERBIA GENDER LANDSCAPE A closer look at digital Turning human capital investments into economic gains means addressing barriers to women‘s economic empowerment, including access to digital and financial and financial services. Financial inclusion for women has many benefits, including more inclusion in Serbia influence over their household’s spending priorities, and more resilience to weather unexpected expenses. Similarly, closing the gender digital divide can facilitate greater and more equal economic participation. Despite progress, gender gaps persist in both domains. DIGITAL FINANCIAL LEGAL ENVIRONMENT ACCESS TO CAPITAL WBL Entrepreneurship Score 79 100 In Serbia, A measure of legal barriers to women percent of firms starting businesses, with a female top with scores below 100 manager perceive 100 indicating restrictions on access to finance access to credit, as a constraint. contracts, banking, or business registration. LEARN MORE GENDER FINANCIAL INCLUSION DIGITAL INCLUSION - World Bank Gender Strategy - The Global Findex Database - Using Digital Solutions to Address 2024-2030 - Women Entrepreneurs Finance Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship - World Bank Gender Data Portal Initiative (We-Fi) - Digital Progress and Trends Report Sources: All charts show the latest value available as of September 2024 Digital: Gallup World Poll 2024. Financial: Global Findex Database. Legal Environment: Women, Business and the Law (2024) Legal 1.0. Access to Capital: (1) Global Findex Database. (2) World Bank Enterprise Survey Database, if available.