HOA BINH PROVINCIAL PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT OF CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT WORKS FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIENAM DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (WB8) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUBPROJECT 03: DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (WB8) – HOA BINH PROVINCE Prepared by: PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT OF CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT WORKS FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT April 2022 HOA BINH PROVINCIAL PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT OF CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT WORKS FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (WB8) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUBPROJECT 3: DAM REHABILITATION AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (WB8) – HOA BINH PROVINCE Hoa Binh, April 2022 TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................ iv ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................................................ vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER I. PROJECT OVERVIEW ................................................................................................6 1.1 General ...........................................................................................................................................6 1.2 Project Scope .................................................................................................................................7 1.3 Environmental and Social Aspects to be Considered ....................................................................7 1.4 Approaches and Methodology .......................................................................................................7 1.4.1 Methodology of Environmental Impact Assessment ..............................................................8 1.4.2 Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment ............................................................8 1.5 Organization of ESIA Report Preparation ...................................................................................10 CHAPTER II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................12 2.1 Subproject Overview ...................................................................................................................12 2.1.1 Subproject name ...................................................................................................................12 2.1.2 Subproject Owner .................................................................................................................12 2.1.3 Subproject Location..............................................................................................................12 2.1.4 Subproject Objectives ...........................................................................................................15 2.1.5 Subproject Mission ...............................................................................................................15 2.2 Current status of work-items ........................................................................................................15 2.2.1. Status of Reservoirs in the subproject area ..........................................................................15 2.2.2 Subproject’s work-items .......................................................................................................34 2.3 Construction Materials, Machinery and Disposal Sites ...............................................................50 2.3.1 Materials and Disposal Sites.................................................................................................50 2.3.2 Mobilization of Vehicles and Machinery for Construction ..................................................57 2.3.3 Construction Roads ..............................................................................................................57 2.4 Project Progess .............................................................................................................................57 2.4.1 Pre-construction Activities ...................................................................................................57 2.4.2 Planned Construction Activities ...........................................................................................57 2.4.3 Operation and Maintenance Activities .................................................................................58 2.5 Construction Methods and Dam Safety Measures .......................................................................58 2.6 Time and Cost of Implementation ...............................................................................................66 2.7 Operation and Maintenance Plans for Reservoirs ........................................................................66 CHAPTER III. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK .................................................................68 3.1 Government Regulations .............................................................................................................68 3.2 World Bank’s Safeguard Policies ................................................................................................72 3.2.1 Project Level .........................................................................................................................72 3.2.2 Subproject Level ...................................................................................................................72 CHAPTER IV. NATURAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ....80 4.1 Natural Conditions ......................................................................................................................80 4.1.1 Geography ............................................................................................................................80 4.1.2 Topography and Soil Conditions ..........................................................................................80 4.1.3 Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology .............................................................................81 4.1.4 Climate .................................................................................................................................92 4.1.5 Hydrology .............................................................................................................................95 4.2 Impacts of Climate Change and Natural Disasters in Hoa Binh province ...................................99 4.2.1 Impacts of Climate Change ..................................................................................................99 4.2.2 Natural Disasters in Hoa Binh province ...............................................................................99 4.3 Environmental Status .................................................................................................................100 4.3.1 Air Environment .................................................................................................................100 4.3.2. Water Environment ...........................................................................................................104 i 4.3.3 Underground Water Environment ......................................................................................108 4.3.4 Soil Environment ...............................................................................................................110 4.3.5 Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................111 4.4 Socio-economic Conditions in Subproject Area ........................................................................113 4.4.1 Socio-economic Conditions in the Subproject Area ...........................................................113 4.4.2 Socio-economic Information ..............................................................................................115 4.4.3 Ownership of Land, Houses and Other Assets ...................................................................129 4.4.5 Healthcare and Social Evils ................................................................................................135 4.4.6. Gender Issues in Subproject Area .....................................................................................137 4.5 Impacts on Sensitive Works.......................................................................................................138 CHAPTER V. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...........................143 5.1 Types and Scale of Impacts .......................................................................................................143 5.2 Positive Environment and Social Impacts .................................................................................144 5.2.1 Social Impacts ....................................................................................................................144 5.2.2 Environment Impacts..........................................................................................................144 5.3 Environment and Social Potential Negative Impacts .................................................................145 5.3.1 Preparation Phase ...............................................................................................................145 5.3.2 Impact during Construction Phase ......................................................................................153 5.3.3 Impact During Operation ....................................................................................................177 5.4 Analysis of Impact Types ..........................................................................................................179 5.4.1 Cumulative impacts ............................................................................................................179 5.4.2 Direct impacts .....................................................................................................................179 5.4.3 Indirect impacts ..................................................................................................................179 5.4.4 Interim impacts ...................................................................................................................179 5.4.5 Long term impacts ..............................................................................................................179 CHAPTER VI. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ................................................................................180 6.1 Non-subproject Option...............................................................................................................180 6.2 With Subproject Option .............................................................................................................181 6.3 Selection of Construction Solutions...........................................................................................182 CHAPTER VII. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..........................184 7.1 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................184 7.2 Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................................................184 7.2.1 Mitigation Measures during Preparation Phase ..................................................................184 7.2.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase................................................................186 7.2.3 Mitigation Measures in Operation Phase............................................................................229 7.3 Organization of Implementation ................................................................................................230 7.3.1 Project Management ...........................................................................................................230 7.3.2 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental and Social Safeguard Management ...........231 7.4 Environment Compliance Framework .......................................................................................235 7.4.1 Contractors’ Environmental Duties ....................................................................................235 7.4.2 Contractors’ Site, Social and Environmental Officers (SSEOs).........................................236 7.4.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring during Construction ..............................................236 7.4.4 Compliance with contract and legal requirements..............................................................237 7.4.5 Reporting Organization .....................................................................................................237 7.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism ..................................................................................................238 7.5.1 Procedures for Complaints and Settlement.........................................................................238 7.5.2 Contractors and CSCs.........................................................................................................239 7.5.3 The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................240 7.6 ESIA Implementation Plan ........................................................................................................240 7.6.1 Contractors’ Environment and Social Management Plan (CESMPs) ................................240 7.6.2 Start up the subproject and Personnel.................................................................................241 7.7 Capacity Building and Training .................................................................................................241 ii 7.7.1 Training on Safeguard Policy .............................................................................................241 7.7.2 Training on Occupational Safety and Health......................................................................242 7.7.3 Orientation of Visitors ........................................................................................................242 7.7.4 Training Contractors and New Workers .............................................................................242 7.7.5 Training on Basic Occupational Health and Safety ............................................................242 7.8 Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................................................242 7.8.1 Monitoring the Compliance with Mitigation Measures......................................................242 7.8.2 Monitoring Environment Quality .......................................................................................243 7.8.3 Dam Safety Monitoring ......................................................................................................250 7.9 Estimated Cost ...........................................................................................................................250 CHAPTER VIII. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION .........................................................................................................................................................259 8.1 Purpose and Method of Consultation .........................................................................................259 8.2 Consultation Process ..................................................................................................................260 8.2.1 Summary of Consultation with Commune/Town Level and Mass Organizations .............262 8.2.2 Summary of Consultations with Community Directly Affected by the Subproject ...........262 8.3 Consultation Results ..................................................................................................................263 8.3.1 Opinions of Ward/Commune People's Committees and Local Mass Organizations..................263 8.3.2 Opinions of Communities...................................................................................................266 8.4 Commitment of the Subproject Owner ......................................................................................267 8.5 Dissemination of Information ....................................................................................................268 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................................269 1. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................269 2. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................270 LIST OF REFERENCES .................................................................................................................271 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Administrative Map of Hoa Binh Province ........................................................ 80 Figure 2. The Subproject Organization ............................................................................ 231 Figure 3. The Subproject’s Diagram for Implementation of Environment Safeguard Policy .......................................................................................................................................... 232 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. List of Experts .......................................................................................................................... 10 Table 2. Locations of 16 reservoirs in the subproject area..................................................................... 12 Table 3a. Summary of current status of subproject reservoirs ............................................................... 15 Table 4. Summary of Construction Items of Subproject........................................................................ 35 Table 5. Summary of Construction Material Quantity........................................................................... 50 Table 6. Distance of Material Transportation ........................................................................................ 51 Table 7. Landfill sites and Borrow pits .................................................................................................. 53 Table 8. List of Machines and Equipment for construction of 16 reservoirs in Subproject 3................ 57 Table 9. Summary of Environmental Assessment Processes of WB & Government ............................ 75 Table 10. Average Air Temperature in Many Years at Meteorological Stations (0C) ........................... 93 Table 11. Average Atmospheric Humidity in Many Years (%) ............................................................ 93 Table 12. Total Average Monthly Evaporation in Many Years (mm) ................................................... 93 Table 13. Average Wind Speed in Many Years (m/s) ........................................................................... 94 Table 14. Monthly and Annual Directions and Maximum Wind Speeds (m/s) ..................................... 94 Table 15. Average Number of Sunshine Hours in Many Years (hours) ................................................ 94 Table 16. Average Rainfall in Many Years (mm).................................................................................. 95 Table 17. Maximum Flow and Average Flow at Hoa Binh Hydrological Station (m3/s) ...................... 96 Table 18. Annual Flow According to Design Frequency at Hoa Binh Hydrological Station ................ 96 Table 19. Average Monthly Flow in Many Years and Monthly Flow Rate at Hung Thi Hydrological Station ....................................................................................................................................................97 Table 20. Annual Flow According to Design Frequency of Hung Thi Hydrological Station................ 97 Table 21. Average Annual Average Flow and Monthly Flow Rate at Lam Son Hydrological Station 98 Table 22. Annual Flow According to Design Frequency at Lam Son Hydrological Station ................. 98 Table 23. Analysis Results on Air Quality in the Subproject Area...................................................... 102 Table 24. Analysis Results on Surface Water Quality in the Subproject Area .................................... 105 Table 25. Analysis Results of Groundwater Quality in the Subproject Area....................................... 108 Table 26. Analysis Results on Soil Environmental Quality in the Subproject Area ............................ 110 Table 27. The Ecology in 16 Reservoir Areas ..................................................................................... 111 Table 28: Population Information in Subproject Communes............................................................... 114 Table 29: Demographic Characteristics of Surveyed Households in Subproject Communes ............. 116 Table 30: Household Demographic Characteristics ............................................................................. 117 Table 31: Ethnicity in Subproject Area ................................................................................................ 118 Table 32: Education levels of the respondents according to each subproject area .............................. 120 Table 33: Occupation of Respondents in the Subproject Area ............................................................ 123 Table 34: Average Income of Households in the Subproject Area ...................................................... 125 iv Table 35: Number of Poor Households Classified by Communes (2020) ........................................... 128 Table 36: Water Sources for Living Activities .................................................................................... 132 Table 37: Health Care Services in Subproject Area............................................................................. 135 Table 38: Common Diseases in Subproject Area ................................................................................ 135 Table 39: Respondents’ Gender ........................................................................................................... 137 Table 40. Status of Sensitive Works .................................................................................................... 138 Table 41. The Criteria for Classification of Negative Impacts ............................................................ 143 Table 42. Total Households Affected by the Subproject ..................................................................... 146 Table 43. Total Number of the Subproject’s Permanent Land Impact Levels ..................................... 148 Table 44. Summary of Temporarily Affected Land............................................................................. 150 Table 45. Summary of Affected Trees and Crops................................................................................ 151 Table 46. Temporarily Affecting Aquaculture Area during Construction ........................................... 152 Table 47. Total Quantity of Earthworks .............................................................................................. 154 Table 48. Dust Generated from Earthwork .......................................................................................... 154 Table 49. Dust Dispersed from Material Transportation for Levelling Sites ....................................... 156 Table 50. Emission Coefficient from Diesel Vehicles ......................................................................... 157 Table 51. Total Quantity of Construction Materials and Waste During Construction ................................ 157 Table 52. Emission Level of Transportation Vehicles ......................................................................... 158 Table 53. Impacts of Air Pollutants ..................................................................................................... 159 Table 54. Maxium Noise from Construction Machines ....................................................................... 160 Table 55. Vibration Levels of Some Construction Equipment ............................................................ 161 Table 56. Vibration Attenuation by Distance in Construction Sites .................................................... 161 Table 57. Percentages of Domestic Waste Components ...................................................................... 162 Table 58. Wastewater pollutant load in the construction phase of 01 reservoir .................................. 164 Table 59. Flow of Runoff Water .......................................................................................................... 166 Table 60. Potential Impacts to Sensitive Works during Construction and Material Transport ............171 Table 61. Estimated Cost of Compensation and Support (Unit: VND) ............................................... 185 Table 62. Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) to Minimizing Construction Impacts ................187 Table 63. Mitigation Measures for Sensitive Works............................................................................ 217 Table 64. General Mitigation Measures for Impacts During Operation Phase .................................... 229 Table 65. Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders ......................................................................... 232 Table 66. Reporting Requirements ...................................................................................................... 237 Table 67. Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation Phases ..................... 244 Table 68. Environmental Monitoring Plan.......................................................................................... 246 Table 69. Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation Monitoring and Training ................................ 250 Table 70. Funding for CESMP Monitoring ......................................................................................... 250 Table 71. Summary of Mitigation Measures........................................................................................ 252 Table 72. Summary of consultation activities implemented ................................................................ 263 v ABBREVIATIONS AH Affected households BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CESMP Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan CPMU Central Project Management Unit CPO Central Project Office CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DO Dissolved Oxygen DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DRSIP Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project ECOP Environmental Codes of Practice EHS Safety, Health and Environment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EM Ethnic minority EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EPP Environmental Protection Plan ES Environmental Supervisor ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan IEMC Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant IPM Integrated Pest Management MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment OP Operational Policy of the WB PC People’s Committee PPMU Provincial Project Management Unit RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SEO Environmental Safeguard Officer TOR Terms of Reference VEA Vietnam Environment Administration vi WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background. The Government of Vietnam has borrowed a loan from the World Bank for the “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project” (WB8) to improve the safety of the dams and associated works. The dam rehabilitation and safety improvement project will help protect the communities and the socio-economic infrastructure in the downstream areas of the reservoirs and dams in accordance with Decree No.114/2018/ND-CP on Dam Safety Management in Vietnam. The whole province of Hoa Binh currently consists of 27 reservoirs and dams (Subproject 1 upgrades 01 reservoir; Subproject 2 upgrades 10 reservoirs; and Subproject 3 upgrades 16 reservoirs). These structures have been degraded. Water is leaking through dam bodies. Intake-culverts have been damaged. Flood spillways have not been reinforced to guarantee flood drainage. There are many potential risks of incidents which are unsafe for the downstream areas in the rainy seasons. To be proactive in supplying irrigation for agricultural production in the districts of Yen Thuy, Lac Son, Luong Son, Kim Boi, Tan Lac and Hoa Binh city and to repair and solidify dam bodies and reservoirs to ensure safety according to QCXDVN 04-05-2012 and legal documents provided by the Project Owner, the subproject has been proposed to implement according to Decision No.1654/QD-UBND of Hoa Binh province, dated July 22, 2020 on “Approval of the feasibility study report for Subproject 3 - Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8), Hoa Binh Province”. Overview of the subproject. Work-items under Subproject 3 cover 16 reservoirs in the communes: Doan Ket, Lac Thinh, Yen Nghiep, Yen Phu, Quang Tien, Mong Hoa; and the wards: Ky Son, Cu Yen, Thanh Cao, Thong Nhat, Hung Son, Tu Ne, Tan Lap, Van Nghia, and Ham Tram town. The objective is to support dam safety management through the solidification and rehabilitation of priority dams, strengthening the dam management capacity and ensuring safe operation, and protecting the downstream population and socio-economic infrastructure. Specific objectives: a) To secure the safety of reservoirs and key work. b) To improve the efficiency of irrigation work in service of intensive cultivation, increase productivity and quality of products, develop specialized areas of high yielding and high economic value, and maximize the potential of agricultural land in the region. c) To reduce water loss, to ensure the water demand for people's life. The development of local industries, and socio-economic development in the subproject area in particular and Hoa Binh province in general. d) To create natural landscapes, improve the ecological environment, promote tourism development in the region. Construction items: a) Repair and upgrading of soil dams, reinforcement of dam crests, repair of dam upstream/downstream slopes, rebuilding of drainage systems and waterproofing treatment; b) Repair, replacement of water-intake culverts, depending on the degree of damage; c) Solidification, new construction to improve drainage capacity; expansion of spillways or building spillways with discharge gate or self-breaking spillway; d) Building new management roads: Depending on the status of each reservoir, 1 construction of concrete roads conforming to the standards of rural roads; e) Building new management houses: houses grade-IV, equiped with electricity and water systems in service of daily life and management of reservoirs; a) Monitoring equipment: Building water-level monitoring system for upstream and downstream of reservoirs. Preparation of ESIA report. The subproject has been designed and implemented in accordance with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) approved by the World Bank and in line with the current laws of Vietnam. The purpose of ESIA report is to identify the importance of environmental and social issues for the decision-making process by assessing environmental and social impacts of the proposed subproject before undertaking the subproject’s activities. Early identification and characterization of important environmental and social impacts will help communities and governments to assess potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed subproject and apply mitigation measures to minimize the risk of such impacts. The activities during the preparation, construction, and operation of the subproject have been analyzed, evaluated, and mitigation measures have been proposed to prevent and minimize impacts on the environment and the lives of local residents. The results from environmental screening 16/16 reservoirs met the project criteria, and the subproject has been classified as Category B. The subproject has triggered 05 safeguard policies, including OP/BP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment), OP/BP 4.09 (Pest Management), OP/BP 4.37 (Safety of Dams), OP/BP 4.10 (Indigenous peoples), OP/BP 4.11 (Physical Cultural Resources) and OP/BP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement). Environmental impacts and mitigation measures: subproject impacts are both positive and negative. Because the stabilization of the water surface will make a change in the microclimate conditions of each lakebed area, repairing and upgrading work-items on 16 reservoirs will cause a positive change to various meteorological parameters in the region. It will increase the stability of water supply for agricultural cultivation, ensure the safety of the works and the downstream areas of the dam during the rainy season, provide development conditions for coastal plant populations, and create landscapes around reservoirs and local traffic after it is completed. Furthermore, this is a sustainable indirect water supply when the reservoir stabilizes and raises the groundwater level for the dam’s downstream area, supporting and augmenting dug wells and drilled wells. Negative impacts during subproject preparation and construction: Potential negative impacts have been analyzed and forecasted to minimize damages, i.e. land acquisition, etc. The survey results show that the subproject items will likely affect the land, trees, crops, and aquaculture of 51 households1, including 20 permanently AHs due to land acquisition and 31 temporary AHs during the construction phase. Besides, the subproject will affect public land managed by the CPCs. Specifically, (i) Long-term impact: The total land area permanently affected is 25,410m2 owned by 20 households and managed by 15 commune people's committees, in which: the affected agricultural land is 1,340 m2; the affected production forest land is 1,620 m2 (mainly acacia trees); and the affected land for traffic, irrigation, and reservoir ROW managed by the people’s committees of the affected communes is 22,450 m2; (ii) Temporarily impact during construction: 31 households are temporarily affected during the construction, in which: temporarily affected land is 28,204 m2, of which 25,000 m2 is traffic and irrigation land managed by the commune people's committees; and 3,204m2 of agricultural land and production forest land (acacia) managed by 11 households. 13 households will have aquaculture temporarily affected (fish farming) due to renting the water 1 Note: Some affected households suffer from 2 or more types of impacts. 2 surface of the reservoirs for aquaculture. 07 households had trees affected by the construction. Affected trees are on the land managed by the people's committees of the communes. According to the IOL, among 53 affected households, there are 43 AHs in the vulnerable group, which are all ethnic minorities (04 poor Muong ethnic households); among 20 affected households whose land has been acquired, none are affected in terms of agricultural production land (losing over 20% of the total agricultural production area and over 10% with regard to vulnerable households). As for the Hoa Binh subproject, due to people’s regular demand for water supply, the PPMU will request the contractors to use suitable construction solutions so as not to affect the water supply for their cultivation. In addition, there are problems related to the temporary water cut-off area affecting aquaculture (fish farming) activities during the construction of the lakes. The degree of impact has been assessed as low and the construction time is short (9 months). In addition, there are potential construction impacts like noise and vibration, dust and gas emissions from construction vehicles and machinery, generation of construction waste water, domestic waste water from workers working on sites, impacts on water and soil quality due to waste, daily activities, domestic waste and hazardous waste; landslide and sedimentation, social conflicts caused by workers and local people, destruction of vegetation, traffic disturbance, accident, risk of infectious diseases arising during construction such as HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, dengue fever, etc. The assessment results showed that the subproject impacts are not large due to the small size of the works in each reservoir and the mobilization of vehicles, machinery, and labor is not on a large scale. These impacts are in small spatial, only cause local and intermittent impacts and have been assessed from low to medium levels because: (i) the construction period is short (approximately 8 months); (ii) a number of sensitive receptors/residential areas near reservoirs will be impacted during the construction process, including (Thong Nhat Secondary School, 100m from Thong Nhat Reservoir; Thuong Temple in Lac Thinh Commune, 20m from Thuong Reservoir; Yen Nghiep Primary School and Kindergarten, 600m from Khoang Chia Reservoir); and (iii) Sensitive receptors are located on the transport routes surrounding the reservoirs, such as Hoa Mai Kindergarten in Mong Hoa Commune (Du Reservoir); Hoa Ban Kindergarten, Yen Quang Primary and Secondary Schools (Me Reservoir); Doan Ket Kindergarten in Doan Ket Commune (Luong Bai Reservoir); Cu yen CPC, commune’s health station, community center, and eco -tourism area (Dom Reservoir); Thanh Luong Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary Schools (Cham Sy Reservoir); Primary School and Kindergarten in Yen Nghiep Commune (Kang Chia Reservoir); Muong Chua market, Tu Ne Kindergarten (Na Ai Reservoir); Tan Lap CPC and Gieng Market (Dang reservoir); Bac Son High School (Tha Reservoir). Negative impacts during operation: During operation, a few potential negative impacts may happen, like drowning, waste generated by reservoir operators and visitors, repairs and maintenance, and the risk of flooding in the downstream areas due to regulation and operation. Negative impacts can be appropriately addressed by the establishment of detailed reservoir operation plans and rules by the operation and management agencies. The mitigation measures for negative impacts have been proposed during the subproject preparation, construction and operation phases. The impacts of land acquisition will be minimized through the resettlement plan, and environmental impacts during the construction and operation phases will be mitigated by ESMP, including ECOP and specific mitigation measures. Institutional arrangements. The CPMU has recruited and hired independent monitoring consultants and project implementation consultants to conduct independent monitoring and regular support of project activities. They will assess the compliance with the safeguard policies and the implementation of safeguard policies in the construction phase, such as Environmental Management Plans/Environment Codes of Practice (ECOP), Resettlement 3 Policy Framework/Resettlement Action Plans, Ethnic Minority Development Plans, and Gender Action Plans. For this subproject, the PPMU is responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the ESMP implementation, ensuring that bidding and contractual documents include environmental covenants for contractors’ compliance. The contractors will carry out construction activities and comply with environmental covenants in the contracts. The contractors’ Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) is reviewed and approved by the PPMU and sent to relevant units and disseminated to the community in accordance with the laws of Vietnam before the contractors commence the construction activities. The PPMU and its construction supervision consultants will monitor compliance with the mitigation measures agreed with the contractor on daily basis. In addition, the contractors’ compliance will be closely monitored by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Hoa Binh province, local authorities and local people. Capacity building. During the implementation, the PPMU has been supported by the WB and the CPMU on the World Bank’s environmental safeguard policies. The PPMU staff has been trained by experts from the World Bank and CPMU on the project’s environmental safeguard policies in December 2016 in Da Nang, November 2017 in Ha Noi and the latest online training on July 15, 2021, such as OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment), General Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) by IFC, OP 4.04 (Natural Habitats), OP 4.10 (Indigenous Peoples), OP 4.09 (Pest Management) and OP4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement) etc. During the subproject implementation, the training on the environmental safeguard policies by the CSC (CSC) and Contractors’ EHS staff is regularly conducted to update the relevant information. The PPMU, during the subproject implementation, will receive regular support from the Independent Monitoring Consultant and Technical Assistance Consultant on the CPMU's safeguard policies relating to the management of dam safety risks and monitoring the implementation of the ESMP. Cost estimation for ESMP implementation. The costs estimated for the ESMP implementation include monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures. The cost of implementing mitigation measures will be included in the contractor’s construction cost. No Activity Cost (VND) . Cost of analyzing samples for environmental monitoring in the project 1 338,787,200 construction phase Total 338,787,200 The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). Complaints relating to the subproject will be resolved by negotiations to reach consensus with locally-affected people. Complaints will be negotiated through three stages (CPC, DPC, and PPC) before submission to court pursuant to the provisions of the Law on Complaints in 2011. The PPMU will pay all administrative and legal fees associated with the receipt of complaints because it is included in the subproject budget. Public consultation. Different methods and techniques have been used to conduct public consultations, including a) community meetings, b) household surveys, c) focus group discussions, field monitoring and key informant interviews. The use of these methods and techniques is to improve the reliability and effectiveness of feedback from the subproject stakeholders, especially the locally-affected people, and to ensure that (i) the affected households receive full information about the subproject; and (ii) all affected households are involved in the free, prior and informed consultation during the preparation and implementation process. The first round of consultation sessions and face-to-face interviews took place from December 19 to 27, 2018; the second phase began in October 2019, and will 4 continue to update socio-economic data until December 2020. Regular consultations will be held throughout the construction phase in order to quickly resolve environmental and social impact assessment issues. If a consultation is required during the COVID-19 pandemic, it must be conducted online using Zoom, Zalo, Skype, or another similar service. Information disclosure. In compliance with the World Bank’s OP 4.01 and policy on access to information, since the preparation phase of the subproject, the information has been transmitted through mass media to the community. The PPMU disseminated and consulted the community in December 2018, October 2019, and updated socio-economic data until December 2020. The draft ESIA in Vietnamese was sent to the CPCs for dissemination and consultation in December 2018, October 2019, and updated ESIA was also sent to communes in December 2020. After approved, the final ESIA will be publicized on the CPO website, and subproject sites accessibe to locally-affected people and local authorities in Vietnamese and the WB website in English before the subproject appraisal. Conclusions. The “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement” Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Subproject may cause negative impacts in the construction and operation phases. However, due to the small scale of construction works, short-term impacts (expected from October 2021 to June 2022), and limits in a small area, impacts are negligible. Therefore, mitigation measures that are appropriate to the natural, socio-economic, and management and construction conditions in the localities were proposed. An environmental and social monitoring and management plan has been established to monitor impacts to keep the subproject managers and local authorities regularly updated on the implementation of the subproject construction items. The monitoring system approved by the WB will be applied for the subproject implementation. The Monitoring Consultant checks and reports the working progress to the PPMU monthly. 5 CHAPTER I. PROJECT OVERVIEW 1.1 General Vietnam is one of countries in the world that have large networks of dams and hydraulic infrastructure, with over 7,000 large and small dams. There are about 750 dams that can be classified as large dams (over 15m high or between 5 and 15m wide, with a water reservoir storage in excess of 3,000,000 m3) and about 6,000 small dams (less than 15m high, with a water reservoir storage capacity of less than 3,000,000 m3), which are mainly earth dams. Of the total 04 million hectares of agricultural land, more than 03 million hectares are irrigated from 6,648 dams. Many small-medium reservoirs were built in the 1960s with limited technical surveys, designs, and construction. As a result, many have been degraded, unsafe and failed to meet the international safety standards. Furthermore, the increase in risks and insecurity caused by changing hydrological conditions as a result of climate change, as well as rapid infrastructure and social development in the upstream, has put many reservoirs in danger, including main structure subsidence, seepage through main and/or secondary dams and around intake works, deformation of the upstream/downstream roof, spillway failure, etc. Awareness of the importance of infrastructure for the country’s sustainable economic growth, the government launched a dam safety program in 2003, including the World Bank- funded “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project” (DRSIP), which supports the safety of dam bodies and reservoirs, as well as operational safety for downstream populations and socio-economic infrastructure that are at risk, ensures integrated development planning, strengthens institutional coordination, future development and safe operation of reservoirs. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) is responsible for the implementation and management of the entire project. The provinces under Component 1 and MARD will coordinate activities with the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) and MONRE under Component 2. The CPO (under MARD) is responsible for coordinating and monitoring the entire project. The repair and preparation of dam safety plans, including protection and commissioning, are centered on the provincial authority. The Provincial People’s Committee (PPC) and the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) are the managers at the provincial level. The PPMU is responsible for managing and supervising the work with support from the CPO. The restoration dams were chosen based on a set of unifying criteria, including the probability and severity of incidents and risks to human and socioeconomic infrastructure, as well as the importance of economic benefits in the poverty and inequality framework. The assessment criteria for dam safety include: (i) dam incident probability (structural risk that is based on height and capacity); (ii) impact of dam incident on downstream people; (iii) impact of dam incident on downstream infrastructure, (iv) context of poverty and impact, (v) areas of ethnic minorities; and (vi) the readiness. The project is implemented in 34 provinces in the North, Central and Highlands. There are about 450 selected dams. The project components include: - Component 1: Dam Safety Rehabilitation (US$ 412 million, of which IDA’s funding is US$ 388.5 million). - Component 2: Dam Safety Management and Planning (US$ 20 million, of which IDA’s funding is US$ 17 million). - Component 3: Project Management Support (US$ 11 million, of which IDA’s funding is US$ 9.5 million). 6 In the second year, the project will support the repair and solidification of related infrastructure and dams. About 90% of the proposed dams are earth dams, which are less than 15m high and their design capacity is less than 3 million m3. The Project does not invest in completely changing the existing structure or in new construction or expansion of the main structure, but focuses on repairing and re-shaping the structure of main dams and secondary dams, strengthening the upstream slope with concrete and stones, reinforcing or expanding spillways to increase drainage capacity, repair or rehabilitation of existing intake culverts, replacement of hydraulic systems at sluice gates (intake culverts) and spillway gates, drilling for waterproofing of the main dam bodies, upgrading service roads. The project will be implemented for 6 years, from 08/7/2016 to 30/6/2022. With regard to environmental protection, the project’s ESMF was approved by the World Bank in 2015. The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the next years of the subprojects will follow the project progress agreed between CPMU, PPMU and WB. In Hoa Binh province, the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project will improve dam safety through the repair and rehabilitation of 16 dams and reservoirs, consolidation of related infrastructures; sufficient water for irrigation, and strengthen management capacity and safe operation of dams to protect inhabitants and socio-economic infrastructure in 15 communes in the subproject area, including Yen Thuy, Lac Son, Luong Son, Kim Boi, Tan Lac, and Hoa Binh city. 1.2 Subproject Scope The affected areas to be considered in the impact assessments for the subproject include the main construction areas at the dam sites, inlet sluices, spillways, operation and management roads, and quarrying sites, construction sites, gathering sites of material, machinery, equipment, parking areas, temporary sewage drainage, worker’s accommodations, service roads and material transportation roads, quarries, disposal sites, water levels in reservoirs and downstream canals. Affected areas also include the areas that will be benefited or adversely affected, which are the villages of the 15 communes of the subproject. 1.3 Environmental and Social Aspects to be Considered The environmental and social impact assessments cover the following aspects: - Review the policy frameworks of the World Bank and the Government of Vietnam in the environmental and social sector relating to the subproject. - Describe the database for the subproject, focusing on (a) the physical environment, (b) the biological environment, and (c) the socio-cultural environment; (d) physical cultural resources (historical, religious, or architectural resources); and (e) environmentally sensitive areas. - Assess the environmental and social impacts of the subproject. - Analyze alternatives focusing on the “with” and “without” subproject. - Develop an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), including mitigation, monitoring, and institutional strengthening measures. - Consult with the stakeholders during the environmental and social impact assessment process. 1.4 Approaches and Methodology The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is implemented in accordance with the World Bank’s safeguard policies and the Law on Environmental Protection and other laws and regulations of the Government of Vietnam. The purpose of the ESIA is to 7 identify the scale, level and importance of environmental and social issues for the decision- making process by assessing environmental and social impacts of the proposed subproject before undertaking the subproject activities. Early identification and characterization of important environmental and social impacts will help communities and governments to assess potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed subproject and apply mitigation measures to minimize the risk of such impacts. 1.4.1 Methodology of Social Assessment The objectives of the social assessment (SA), in parallel with the environmental assessment of the subproject, include: First, it examines potential impacts of the subproject—positive and negative—on the basis of planned subproject activities. Second, it finds the design of measures addressing potential adverse impacts and proposing community development activities that are relevant to the project's development objectives. For identified adverse impacts, consultation with local people, governmental agencies, project stakeholders, etc., was carried out to ensure that affected people will be appropriately compensated and supported in a manner that their socio-economic activities will be promptly and fully restored to the pre-project level, at least, and that their livelihoods will not be worse off, in the long run, as a result of the subprojects. A part of the social assessment is ethnic minority (EM) people who are living in the subproject area and are confirmed by the EM screening (WB’s OP 4.10). The consultations with them were carried out in a free, prior, and informed manner to confirm support for affected EM people when there was a subproject implementation. The EM screening was conducted based on WB’s OP 4.10 and implemented within the social assessment scope and area corresponding to the scope of the environmental assessment (according to OP 4.01). A gender analysis in the subproject area was also done as part of the SA to understand gender features in the subproject area, enabling gender mainstreaming to gender equality improvement and enhancing further development effectiveness of the subprojects and the project as a whole. Depending on the magnitude of the identified potential project impacts and the project development objectives, a gender action plan and a gender monitoring plan were prepared. To ensure that any potential impacts can be identified during the project preparation. The SA was conducted through a series of consultations with the stakeholders. A particular focus was the households which are potentially affected (both positively and adversely) by the subproject. The assessment techniques for this SA include 1) review of secondary data, 2) field observations, 3) focus group discussions/community meetings, 4) key informant interviews, and 5) household surveys. 1.4.2 Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment During the ESIA survey and reporting, the Consultant Agency used a combination of the following methods. (a) Rapid Assessment Method The Rapid Assessment Method was issued by the World Health Organization in 1993. The basis of this method is based on the nature of materials, technology, rules of processes in nature, and experience in quantifying pollutant discharge load. In Vietnam, it has been introduced and applied in many ESIA studies, which performs relatively accurately the calculation of pollutant discharge under limited conditions of instrumentation and analysis. In this report, the pollutant discharge coefficients are taken from the WHO’s Environmental Impact Assessment Sourcebook (Assessment of sources: Air, Water, and Land pollution - a guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in 8 formulating environmental control strategies, WHO, Geneva, 1993). (b) Impact Matrix Method Establishing a correlation between the impact of each project activity on each issue and environmental component as shown on the impact matrix, which is basic for the focus on the detailed contents of the impact study. (c) Comparative Method The comparison method is to evaluate the environmental quality, effluent discharge quality, pollutant discharge load... on the basis of comparison with the relevant environmental standards and regulations of MONRE and MOH, as well as relating research and experiment topics. (d) Description of Environmental System Identifying subproject components that affect the environment and identifying full effluents, relating to environmental issues, for detailed assessment. (e) Checklist Method It has been used extensively (since the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) has been established in some countries) and yields positive results thanks to its advantages as mentioned above, such as clear approach and systematic supply during system analysis and evaluation. There are two main types: A descriptive list of the environmental components to be studied along with measurement, forecasting and evaluation, a simple list of environmental components which are likely affected to be studied. (f) System Analysis Method This method is quite popular in environmental assessment. The advantage of this approach is the comprehensive assessment of impacts, which is very useful in identifying impacts and sources of waste. It is based on the assessment of waste sources, impacted objects, environmental components, etc., as the elements in a system have a close relationship with each other. Thus, we can identify, analyze, and evaluate impacts. (g) Public Consultation This method is used during interviews with local leaders and local people to gather the necessary information for the subproject’s ESIA preparation, the introduction of benefits, and possible negative impacts of the subproject on the environment and daily life. Based on that, we can aggregate the feedback and aspirations of local people. On the other hand, we can directly interview local officials and local people about socio- economic development, farming practices, and environmental sanitation. (h) Information Synthesis and Analysis This method aims to identify and assess natural and socioeconomic conditions in the subproject area using data and information gathered from various sources such as statistical yearbooks, socioeconomic reports, the current state of the environment, and related research works. (i) Field Survey Method The field survey is required for the assessment of social and environmental impacts to determine the current status of the subproject area, related objects, and to select sampling locations, survey of the status of water supply, drainage, electricity supply, etc. The Design Consulting Unit carried out topographical and geological surveys and collected hydro-meteorological data for design in accordance with the current standards of Vietnam. 9 These survey results are used to assess the natural conditions in the subproject area. (j) Expert Method Based on the knowledge and experience of environmental science specialists from the Consultancy Agency and other scientific research organizations. (k) Method of Sampling and Analysis in Laboratory The sampling and analysis of environmental components (soil, water, and air) is indispensable in identifying and assessing the status of baseline environment quality in the subproject area. After field surveys, the sampling and analysis program will be developed with the main content such as sampling locations, measurement and analysis parameters, manpower, equipment and tools needed, implementation time, sample preservation plan, analysis plan, etc. For the Hoa Binh subproject, the Subproject Owner and the Consultant coordinated with the Environmental Monitoring Agency to monitor, take, and analyze samples of air, water, and soil in 16 reservoirs to assess the current quality of environmental components. The sampling, analysis, and preservation are in accordance with the relevant current standards of Vietnam. 1.5 Organization of ESIA Report Preparation Subproject Management Project Management Unit of Construction Investment Works for Agriculture and Rural Development Address: Pho Ngoc, Trung Minh ward, Hoa Binh city, Hoa Binh province Tel.: 02183 856 165 Fax: 02183 856 165 Consulting Firm Vietnam Investment and Development Consulting Co., Ltd. Address: 21st Floor, Capital Tower, 109 Tran Hung Dao, Cua Nam ward, Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi city Tel. 024-6 6251 0258 Fax: 024-6 6251 0258 E-mail: info@iacvietnam.com Table 1. List of Experts No. Full name Positions/qualifications Responsibilities Project Owner - Project Management Unit of Construction Investment Works for Agriculture I and Rural Development Deputy Director/ Irrigation Coordinating the 1 Trần Văn Vượng Engineer implementation of the report 2 Đặng Hoàng Bình Irrigation Engineer PPMU participating Safeguard policy officer of PPMU PPMU participating 3 Bùi Văn Hiện (part-time)/Irrigation Engineer 4 Nguyễn Anh Dũng Irrigation Engineer Project Management Manager Safeguard policy officer of PPMU PPMU participating 5 Trần Bình Trọng (part-time)/ Construction Engineer II Consulting Firm 1. Bùi Liên Hương MSc in Environmental General in charge of report 10 No. Full name Positions/qualifications Responsibilities Engineering/ Ecological Specialist MSc in Agriculture/ Agricultural Contents of the report: Survey 2. Hoàng Ngọc Cách Specialist and collection of current data; Assessment of environmental 3. Nguyễn Tiến Dũng MSc in Sociology and social impacts of the 4. Phạm Sơn Tùng MSc in Sociology subproject; Measures to prevent and minimize 5. Nguyễn Quốc Trung MSc in Environmental Engineering environmental impacts and 6. Trịnh Thị Trà My MSc in Sociology risk incidents. 7. Trịnh Thị Huyền MSc in Sociology Community consultation 8. Nguyễn Thị Bích Ngọc MSc in climate change Community consultation 11 CHAPTER II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Subproject Overview The “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province” covers 15 communes in Yen Thuy, Lac Son, Luong Son, Kim Boi, Tan Lac districts and Hoa Binh city. The current infrastructure of 16 reservoirs has deteriorated. Some dams are seepaged and eroded. Culverts and water intake are cracked. The management road is not yet solidified and deteriorated. Therefore, the infrastructure needs to be repaired and upgraded to ensure the safe operation of the reservoirs. 2.1.1 Subproject name Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3. 2.1.2 Subproject Owner Executing Agency: People’s Committee of Hoa Binh province Address: An Duong Vuong Street, Phuong Lam ward, Hoa Binh city. Tel.: (84.0208).3656836; Fax: (84.0208).3851149; Subproject Owner: Hoa Binh Project Management Unit of Construction Investment Works for Agriculture and Rural Development. Address: Pho Ngoc, Trung Minh ward, Hoa Binh city, Hoa Binh province Tel.: (84)02183 856 165; Fax: (84)02183 856 165; 2.1.3 Subproject Location Table 2 and Figure 1 below list out the locations of the rehabilitation and upgrading of 16 main reservoirs in Hoa Binh province. Table 2. Locations of 16 reservoirs in the subproject area East No. Reservoirs Construction sites North latitude Notes longitude Mong Hoa commune, Hoa 200 54'25" to 105025'17" to 1 Du reservoir Binh city 20054'52" 105025'31" The Ministry Quang Tien commune, Hoa 200 54'23" to 105026'14" to of Agriculture 2 Me reservoir Binh city 20054'42" 105026'35" and Rural Development Ngoc Vo Yen Phu commune, Lac Son 200 33'54" to 105028'37" to approved in 3 reservoir district 20034'12" 105030'56" Document Thong Nhat Thong Nhat commune, Hoa 200 47'34" to 105020'24" to No.7835/BNN- 4 TCPR. dated reservoir Binh city 20050'12" 105024'31" September 19, Vo Queo Yen Phu commune, Lac Son 200 33'54" to 105028'37" to 2017; 5 reservoir district 20034'12" 105030'56" Document Luong Bai Doan Ket commune, Yen 200 24'12" to 105040'05" to No.9636/BNN- 6 reservoir Thuy district 20025'41" 105044'13" TCTL dated Cu Yen commune, Luong 200 50'30" to 105033'20" to 12/12/2018 7 Dom reservoir Son district 20051'05" 105033'40" 12 East No. Reservoirs Construction sites North latitude Notes longitude Thuong Lac Thinh commune, Yen 200 28'23" to 105028'09" to 8 reservoir Thuy district 20028'42" 105028'35" Sung Hang Tram town, Yen Thuy 200 24'06" to 105037'15" to 9 reservoir district 20024'33" 105037'05" Cham Sy Thanh Cao commune, 200 39'05" to 105040'09" to 10 reservoir Luong Son district 20040'42" 105040'35" Khoang Chia Yen Nghiep commune, Lac 200 18'23" to 105020'09" to 11 reservoir Son district 20032'42" 105023'35" Na Ai Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac 200 33'54" to 105016'37" to 12 reservoir district 20036'12" 105019'56" Nang Van Nghia commune, Lac 200 48'54" to 105048'37" to 13 reservoir Son district 20049'12" 105048'56" Dang Tan Lap commune, Lac Son 200 31'02" to 105030'18" to 14 reservoir district 20032'05" 105030'21" Hung Son commune, Kim 200 45'54" to 105031'37" to 15 Cau reservoir Boi district 20049'12" 105034'56" 200 52'54" to 105021'57" to 16 Tha reservoir Ky Son ward, Hoa Binh city 20054'12" 105024'56" 13 Figure 1. Locations of Subproject Reservoirs on the Map of Hoa Binh Province 14 2.1.4 Subproject Objectives 1) To secure the safety of reservoirs and key work. 2) To improve the efficiency of irrigation work in service of intensive cultivation, increase productivity and quality of products, develop specialized areas of high yielding and high economic value, and maximize the potential of agricultural land in the region. 3) To reduce water loss, to ensure the water demand for people's life, the development of local industries, and socio-economic promotion in the subproject area in particular and Hoa Binh province in general. 4) To create natural landscapes, improve the ecological environment, promote tourism development in the region. 2.1.5 Subproject Mission The subproject will improve dam safety and associated works to ensure reservoir operation, minimize the risk of dam breakage, ensure the safety of the downstream population and technical and social infrastructure, restore the designed tasks, and ensure water supply for stable agricultural production in the reservoirs’ downstream cultivation area. 2.2 Current status of work-items 2.2.1. Status of Reservoirs in the subproject area The majority of the current reservoir structures have degraded and are no longer capable of meeting the demands for water supply and dam safety during rainy seasons and extreme weather occurrences. In light of the aforementioned situation, it is imperative that the structures be repaired/upgraded and that their safety be ensured. The status of the reservoirs is described in Table 3 below: Table 3a. Summary of current status of subproject reservoirs Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses 1 Du Reservoir - Upstream slope: Earth slope, - The earth spillway is B - Water intake - The current - Location: Mong Hoa commune, Hoa Binh city. without reinforcement, the slope = 12m wide, which is not culverts: Located management road has been eroded, slipping, causing reinforced, eroded and at the dam's right is about 200m - The Du reservoir was built in 1979; the basin danger. deposited at the inlet. shoulder, which is long; it is soil area is 2 km2; the reservoir provides water for 50 - Downstream slope: Earth slope, The water slope is about the pressure road with large ha of rice. There is 1 main dam, 1 spillway, and 1 without reinforcement. On the 10 to 15m wide and underground slope and inlet culvert. slope, there are erosion traces. nearly 260m long at the culvert. The roughness. - Photos: end of the reservoir. At culvert structure Grass covers the slope. There are small to medium shrubs, 0.6 - 1m the end of the water is reinforced high, somewhere. Small seepage slope, flood water is concrete with the occurs on the left shoulder of the drained through 3 pipe diameter of dam, slope beam, and slope foot culverts with a diameter 400mm. The 15 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses below the left bank. Grooves and of 1m, flows through a reinforced dam shoulders were built with stream into the land of a concrete tower is stone, but they have been filled household, and then located in the with soil. There are no drainage drains through one upstream portion ditches on the dam slope. The culvert with a diameter that has been stone heap of downstream of 1m. With such small degraded. The drainage has been filled with soil drainage, in flood valve tower is and unable to drain water, seasons, water rises and about 30m from resulting in saturation and floods the local road and the dam crest. landslide. There are many termite some nearby households. There is no nests on the dam’s downstream gangway to the slope. tower to operate - The dam crest is relatively flat, the culvert. and the crest width varies 4 - - The water inlet 4.5m. canal was built with brick. 2 Me Reservoir - Upstream slope: earth slope - The spillway is B = 15- - Water intake - The without reinforcement. Therefore, 16.5m wide and about L culvert: is a high- management and - Location: Quang Tien commune, Hoa Binh city. the structure is broken and eroded; = 70m long, which is not pressure rescue road of the - The Me reservoir was built in 1994; the basin reinforced. It is located trees are growing on the dam underground pipe existing dam is area is 0.7 km2; the reservoir provides water for at the dam’s left slope; strongly erosion appears culvert. The about 1240m long 50 ha. There is 1 main dam, 1 spillway, and 1 inlet shoulder. There is no below the water's edge. The culvert structure and is a rugged culvert. bridge across the moderate slope coefficient: m = is reinforced earth road - Photos: 2.0 to 2.5. spillway. The traffic is concrete with a back and forth below the diameter of - Downstream slope: without spillway. At present, the 400mm, opening reinforcement. Erosion traces spillway has been and closing with appear. Grass covers the slope. severely eroded. The an upstream There are small to medium shrubs, abrasive surface and wall valve, which is 0.6 - 1m high, somewhere. The were built with straight leaking, and the dam has seeped on both shoulders, beam abutments that valve system is penetrating into the slope's foot. have been broken, degraded. A Grooves and dam shoulders were eroded, and in many reinforced built with stone, but they have points, stone has been concrete valve been filled with soil. There are no broken. tower is located drainage ditches on the dam slope. The stone heap of downstream - Stilling basin: The in the upstream, drainage has been filled with soil stilling basin is which has only a and unable to drain water, completely filled with valve truss resulting in saturation and soil. column and a 16 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses landslide. There is a bog adjacent - The flood drainage working platform to the stone heap of downstream road behind the stilling of 1x1.5m. The drainage. There are many termite basin is being occupied valve truss nests on the dam's downstream by local people for column is weak slope. building houses. and shakes when - The dam crest is relatively flat, Currently, there is only the operator and the crest width varies between one culvert across the stands to 4.8 and 5.2m. road with three balls, and manipulate the each ball is about 30cm culvert. There is in diameter. no gangway. - The system of brick canals is connected with the culvert. 3 Ngoc Vo Reservoir - Upstream slope: The current - The spillway is made - Water intake - The current - Location: Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district. earth dam has a moderate slope of of soil, with a width that culverts: located earth management m=2.2, which is eroded by waves corresponds to the at the right road has the - The Ngoc Vo reservoir was built in 1976. The and no longer ensures the spillway threshold, shoulder of the length of L = basin area is 0.3 km2; the reservoir provides water designed slope coefficient. In B=15.0m. Below the dam. It is the 520m and the for 20 ha. There is 1 main dam, 1 spillway, and 1 many places, the slope is deeply spillway are a village underground width of B = inlet culvert. The Ngoc Vo reservoir supplies eroded to form deep clefts (50-60) road and a forest road. pressure culvert. 2.50m. The water for 13 ha of rice. cm. The slope is sliding layer by The structure is a moderate gradient - Photos: layer of soil downward. concrete pipe is very large with - Downstream slope: m=2.5, with a diameter of i = 15%. unreinforced soil structure. The 400mm, which is slope is sliding layer by layer of closed and soil downward. Water seeps into opened by an the sloped ground. At the slope's upstream valve, bottom, trees and grass are but water is growing a lot. There is no leaking here. The drainage system that largely reinforced affects the dam’s body and creates concrete valve deep erosion holes that are very tower is located unsafe for work. upstream. The work has - The crest of the earth dam is deteriorated. The relatively flat. The peak width valve tower is varies between 3.8m and 4.2m. about 30m from The dam face is not reinforced. In 17 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses the process of long-term use, it the dam crest. has a lot of traffic and is There is no unreinforced. The dam face is working bridge seriously degraded, making travel for the tower to very difficult, especially in the work. management and operation during - Inlet canal: The the rainy seasons. The dam was downstream canal built a long time ago without behind the culvert breakwaters and wheel stops. is not solidified yet. 4 Thong Nhat Reservoir - The top elevation of the earth - Location: on the left - The work has - The work has dam is between (+46.00) m and shoulder of the earth been solidified, in been solidified, in - Location: Thong Nhat Commune, Hoa Binh (+46.51) m. The length is about L dam. good condition, good condition, city. = 227.43m. The width of the dam - At the spillway, the and works well. and works well. - The reservoir was built in 1960. The basin is B = 5.0m ÷ 5.5m. input gate, spillway area is 0.5 km2, currently providing water for - The dam’s face hasn’t been crest, and overflow yard 140 ha. The reservoir has one main dam, one reinforced in any way. A high (behind spillway crest) inlet culvert, and one spillway. Thong Nhat volume of traffic causes the dam combined as road and reservoir provides water for 65 ha of paddy face to deteriorate over time, exit weight have been land making maintenance and fortified. When the - Photos: operation more difficult during reservoir reaches the rainy periods. The dam was normal water level, the constructed many years ago and spillway begins working, lacks a breakwater. which floods the - Although the upstream slope has overflow yard. At this been strengthened for about 80 moment, every traffic meters, it has deteriorated. Many activity in the area must parts of the dam’s slope have been halt until the overflow severely eroded. The remaining stops working. The soil part is over 100 meters long and canal section behind the unreinforced. The downstream spillway is unreinforced slope has been reinforced, with a and the geology on both drainage system at its foot. sides of the canal section contains many gravels interspersed with soil, with less clay content and poor adhesion, and zigzags. In the rainy season, when the 18 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses spillway operation reaches the designed flow in such unfavorable conditions, both sides of the canal section (behind the spillway) are seriously eroded, forming cliffs and landslides near the foot of the downstream dam and almost reaching the irrigation canal system behind the culvert and residential land on both sides. The elevation of spillway weight is about +43.45m. The canal section (behind the spillway) is approximately L= 259.65m long and B= 10.95m to 8.50m wide. 5 Vo Queo Reservoir - The top elevation of the earth - Location: on the right Location: On the - The - Location: Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district dam is between (+44.62) m and shoulder of the earth right shoulder of management road (+45.51) m. Its length is about L dam. the earth dam. is made of soil - Vo Queo reservoir was first built in 1966 and = 128.26m. Its width is B= 2.83m - The earth spillway is Culvert type: Pipe with the length of the intake culvert was repaired in 1986. The ÷ 5.5m. not reinforced. The culvert D40cm. L=678.87m. basin area is 0.68 Km2, currently providing irrigation water for 50ha. The reservoir had one - The dam’s face hasn’t been spillway crest elevation The length is - The current main dam and one intake culvert. reinforced in any way. A high is about +43.20m. The about L=18.25m. condition is a dirt volume of traffic causes the dam spillway length is about The flow mode: road with a - Photos face to deteriorate over time, L= 88.47m. The spillway pressure surface width of making maintenance and weight B= 1.0m-2.0m. B=2.5m 3.00m Opening and operation more difficult during Below the spillway are and an average closing: Open and rainy periods. The dam was ponds and shallow pavement gradient close the constructed many years ago and streams of i= 15%. upstream flat lacks a breakwater. The spillway sill valve. - The upstream slope coefficient is elevation is about The downstream m = 2.0. Because the slope is not +43.20m. The spillway canal behind the strengthened, it is broken owing to length is about L= 19 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses wave erosion, and the slope 88.47m. The spillway culvert has not coefficient can no longer be weight B= 1.0m2.0m. been solidified. guaranteed as specified. The slope Below the spillway are is severely eroded (30-40 cm) in ponds and shallow several areas, and the downstream streams. slope, m=2.2-2.5, is an - The spillway does not unreinforced earth structure. guarantee the flood There is water seepage with minor discharge due to severe flows at the foot of the slope, the erosion, affecting downstream slope foot has no people’s travel. drainage system, and trees and grass grow rapidly, substantially damaging the dam body’s drainage. 6 Luong Bai reservoir - Upstream slope: Earth slope, - According to the - Water intake - The current - Location: Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy without reinforcement. There is a consultant’s surveys, the culverts: located management and district. serious landslide from the normal flood drainage system of on the right rescue road is water level downward. From the Luong Bai reservoir, as shoulder of the about 750m long; - Luong Bai reservoir was built in 1983. The basin normal edge of the water upwards, initially designed, are on dam, which is a dirt road, steep area is 0.5 km2. The reservoir has 01 main dam, the grass grows a lot. Somewhere the right shoulder of the type of pressure slope, and rough. 01 inlet culvert, 01 spillway. Luong Bai reservoir there are tall wild bushes that are dam. This is a type of culvert. The provides water for 48 ha of paddy land. about 50cm above the slope. vertical overflow culvert structure - Photos : discharging flood water is reinforced - Downstream slope: Earth slope, without reinforcement. Erosion into the stream at the concrete, trench appeared on the slope, downstream of the dam diameter grass and a few small to medium (the main canal is =400mm, shrubs with a height of 0.8-2m located on this stream opening and covered the dam slope. The slope connected with this closing by foot close to the berm and under stream but it is filled upstream valve, the berm are sagging and the soil with mud). In flood which is leaking is wet. Berm and the shoulders seasons, Luong Bai and degraded. built with stone were buried. The reservoir upstream Valve house was dam slope has no drainage ditch. discharges flood water built with brick The drainage rock pile has a lot of overflowing the surface, and degraded: fine soil filling it, leading to the which floods fields and Brick wall, system not working, causing the houses of about 15-20 reinforced dam body saturation line to rise, households in Huu Loi concrete ceiling. causing the downstream slope commune, Yen Thuy The entire plaster sliding. There are many termite district. layer is degraded, 20 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses mounds on the downstream slope exposed degraded of the dam. bricks. Concrete - The crest of the earth dam: The ceiling is crest of the earth dam is relatively degraded, flat but not reinforced. The vertex exposed rusted width varies between 3.8m and steel. 4m. Canal: Rectangular brick canal. 7 Dom Reservoir - Upstream slope: Earth slope, - The draining work is - Water intake The current - Location: Cu Yen commune, Luong son district. without reinforcement. The dam on the right shoulder of culverts: located management and slope is relatively flat. Grass the earth dam. The on the left rescue road is - The Dom reservoir was built in 1997. The basin covers the dam slope from the spillway crest made of shoulder of the about 500m; dirt area is 1.3 km2 wide. The reservoir has 01 main normal water level up. It is stone is degraded and dam, which is a road, steep slope, dam, 01 inlet culvert, 01 spillway. The Dom strongly eroded below the normal eroded; the water sloping type of pressure and rough. reservoir provides water for 29 ha of paddy land. water level. into natural streams is culvert. The - Downstream slope: Earth slope, about 15m wide and 90m culvert structure without reinforcement. On the long. At the end of the is reinforced slope, there are many small to spillway, there is a leaf concrete, with a medium shrubs, their height hut in the tourist area, dimension BxH = ranging from 1-2m. There are no occupying the dam 0.4x0.4m, drains. Behind the dam is a lagoon safety corridor. opening and belonging to the tourist area, with - At the end of the closing by an a small seepage phenomenon. The reservoir is a concrete upstream valve, amount of seepage is insignificant. road which is often which is leaking Many mounds of termite nests flooded in the flood and degrading. appear on the slope. seasons because the The reinforced current spillway does not concrete valve is - The crest of the earth dam: The meet the requirements located upstream crest of the earth dam relatively for flood discharge. without a working flat. The variable vertex width is bridge to operate about 4.2-4.8m. the culvert. - Canal: The canal connecting the culvert is 70m long, with a dimension of 0.4x0.4m, solidified by a 21 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses stone retaining wall. The bottom is degraded and many parts of the canal wall and bottom are cracked. 8 Thuong reservoir + The coefficient of the upstream + The spillway was - Water intake - The current - Location: Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy slope is m = 2.75; it is not made of soil, located on culverts: located management and district. reinforced and protected, so the the left shoulder of the on the right rescue road is upstream slope is broken, eroded Sub-Dam. The width is shoulder of the about 950m; it is - Thuong reservoir was built in 1979. The basin by the upstream wave; plants about 30m, not dam, which is a an earth road, area is 0.6 km2. The reservoir has 01 main dam, grow. reinforced. The entrance type of pressure rough, muddy in 01 inlet culvert, 01 spillway. Thuong reservoir + Downstream slope: The is deposited. The culvert. The rainy seasons, and provides water for 65 ha of paddy land. downstream slope is an earth overflow threshold and a culvert structure dusty in hot - Photos: section of access road (to is reinforced weather. slope with no reinforcement. It is relatively flat; grass covers the the field) have the same concrete, with a slope; many section at the slope elevation, so when there diameter of foot are sagging. The part of the is a flood, it will be 400mm, and is dam on the left shoulder that is dangerous for people to opened and about 2/3 of the dam’s length was go to the field. closed by an strongly penetrated. A hole in the upstream valve, foot of the dam appeared. The which is leaking dam slope has no drainage ditch. and degrading. And no drainage system for the The reinforced dam body. concrete valve tower is located + The crest of the earth dam: The upstream. It has crest of the earth dam is relatively deteriorated. The flat. The variable vertex width is valve tower is far about 2.8m-3.2 m. from the dam Sub-Dam: crest, about 30m The Sub-Dam is about 98m long, away, without a located at the end of the reservoir. working bridge to The slope is from 2.5 to 4, operate the covered with grass. The top of the culvert. dam is 3.5-4.35m wide. - Canal: Reinforced concrete canal, 22 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses good condition. 9 Sung Reservoir - The coefficient of the upstream - The spillway is a - Water intake - Location: Hang Tram Town, Yen Thuy district. slope is m = 2-2.5; it is not vertical type. It is located culverts: There reinforced, so the upstream slope on the left shoulder of are 3 inlet - Sung reservoir was built in 1979. The basin area is broken and eroded by waves, the dam. The spillway culverts (2 on the is 0.9 km2. The reservoir has 01 main dam, 03 which does not guarantee the face and water slope are right shoulder and inlet culverts, and 01 spillway. Sung reservoir slope coefficient as designed. In built of stone with a 1 on the left provides water for 25 ha of paddy land. many places, the slope is deeply width of 25m. On the shoulder); these - Photos: eroded by 30-45 cm; the upstream slope there are a few are underground slope is eroded layer by layer, subsidence points. The pressure culverts. much erosion appears at the inlet stone water-breakwater The culvert culvert; the downstream slope has on both sides of 1.2m structure is no drainage rock pile, trees and high is degraded and reinforced grass grow a lot, greatly affecting cracked. The energy concrete, with a the dam body. A lot of termite dissipation was built dimension of mounds appear in the dam body. with rough abutments on 0.4x0.4m, and is - Downstream slope: Grass covers the water slope. The opened and the dam slope; many large trees spillway downstream is closed by an grow on the dam slope. The dam not reinforced, unsafety. upstream valve, slope is convex, uneven. There is With the current which is leaking no drainage system for the dam spillway width, there and degrading. body. Termite mounds appear have been several times The valve tower downstream of the dam slope. when water has is close to the overflowed the dam dam surface, - The crest of the earth dam: The surface when releasing without a dam crest is not reinforced; the floods. protective door; crest width changes from about an un-plastered 3.2m to 3.7m. The dam face is stone wall; a convex, seriously degraded, reinforced eroded, with large subsidence, and concrete ceiling; it is muddy in rainy seasons. and the concrete ceiling is degraded, exposing rusted steel. - Canal: Rectangular brick canal. 23 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses 10 Cham Sy reservoir - Upstream slope: Earth slope, no - As designed, the flood - Water intake - The current - Location: Thanh Cao commune, Luong son reinforcement; severe landslides, drainage work of Cham culverts: management and district. shrubs covered the slope. Sy reservoir was located located on the left rescue road is - Downstream slope: Earth slope, on the left shoulder shoulder of the about 300m long - Cham Sy reservoir was built in 1997. The basin without reinforcement. On the towards the upstream of dam, which is a and is a dirt road. area is 0.3 km2. The reservoir has 01 main dam, dam slope, soil and stone have the weir, but now this type of pressure It is rough and 01 inlet culvert. The Cham Sy reservoir provides been poured without compaction; work has been levelled culvert. The muddy when it water for 26 ha of paddy land. there is no drainage system for the to make a road for soil culvert structure rains and dusty - Photos: exploitation and access is when it is sunny. dam body; shrubs cover the slope; there are signs of termite mounds road to a pig farm. Flood reinforced concret Currently. There at the downstream of the dam water is drained through e, with are many large slope. the irrigation culvert in a diameter of 300 trucks that are the form of a vertical mm, opened and exploiting the soil - The crest of the earth dam is well to collect water. closed by in the reservoir being used as a mining road on the The well is rectangular an upstream bed area every left shoulder of the dam. The road in shape. The size of the valve, which is day. width is about 6.5m, and the road collection mouth is leaking surface is relatively muddy. BxH=2x2m. and degraded, no valve system. - The canal for irrigation and flood drainage: Right behind the culvert is an earth ditch that is about 30m long and 30- 40cm wide. 11 Khoang chia Reservoir - The top elevation of the earth - Location: On the left • - Location of - The - Location: Yen Nghiep Commune, Lac Son dam is from (+47.27)m ÷ shoulder of the earth culvert: On the management road district. (+47.92)m. The length of the earth dam. right shoulder of connects from the dam is about L = 155.26m. The The earth spillway is not the earth dam. access road to the The cluster of key works has been built for nearly width of the top of the earth dam reinforced, eroded and • Culvert type: dam surface, 50 years without maintenance during the operation is B= 5.0m ÷ 5.5m. unsafe. The spillway’s Pipe culvert D40 through the process, so it is seriously degraded. - The dam face has not been weight elevation is about cm. The length is spillway, which is - Photos : currently a dirt reinforced. During the long-term +45.95m. The spillway about L=18.86m. use, a lot of traffic and without length is about 40m. The road. In rainy • The flow seasons, flooding repair and maintenance makes the spillway’s width is B= mode: pressure affects travel and dam face seriously degraded, 10.0m. Below the • An upstream management, 24 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses especially difficult for the spillway are ponds and flat valve is used especially in rainy management and operation in shallow streams. to open and close and stormy rainy seasons. The dam was built the valve. There seasons. a long time ago and doesn’t have a is no bridge for - The breakwater on the surface. There operation. management and are no wheel stops. • The rescue road, - The coefficient of the upstream downstream canal which has slope is m =2, because the slope behind the culvert b=3.5m, is a reinforcement layer is almost has been damaged dirt road eroded, the dam slope is not solidified. causing difficulty protected, so it is broken and for traffic. eroded by the waves, and it can no longer ensure the slope coefficient as designed. - The downstream slope m=1.75 is an unreinforced earth structure with no drainage system; trees and grass grow abundantly, affecting the dam body’s drainage. 12 Na Ai Reservoir - The top elevation of the earth - Location: On the right - Water intake - The current - Location: Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district dam is from + 112.06m to + shoulder of the earth culverts: located operation and 113.06m. The bottom elevation of dam. on the left management road - The current work has been operating for a long the earth dam is between Spillway crest elevation shoulder of the is a dirt road with time and has now deteriorated seriously. The work +103.00m and +113.25m. The is +110.23m. The dam, which is a the length of needs to be upgraded to ensure the dam’s safety. length of the earth dam is about L spillway length is about type of pressure L=433.40m and The reservoir can reserve 600,000 m3 of water, = 121.50 m. The width of the culvert. The its width is B= L=80. The spillway’s providing for 105 ha of paddy land. earth dam top is B= 5m. culvert structure 2.50m, a steep weight B= 6.25m. - Photos: - The earth dam face has not been is concrete, with a gradient of The spillway was repaired or upgraded since the diameter of approximately i= solidified in 2003, construction. The dam surface has 300mm, opened 16%. designed as water steps. not been hardened and combined and closed by an - There is no The structure of the with the inter-village road to the upstream valve management spillway body is production area. During the long- that is leaking and house. reinforced concrete. The term use, with a lot of travel and degrading. The structure remains good. lack of protection, the dam face is reinforced The walls on both sides seriously degraded, especially in concrete valve are made of masonry. rainy seasons. Therefore, many tower is located Some parts of the walls sections of the dam face settle, so upstream. It has are peeled off. The wall the height of the dam face is deteriorated. The 25 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses uneven. At the same time, the dam on the right bank behind valve tower is far was built a long time ago without the spillway is not solid, from the dam any breakwater and wheel stops. easily causing landslides, crest, about 30m - The average slope of the endangering people's away, without a upstream dam is m=2.75. It is an lives. The bridge on the working bridge to unreinforced earth structure, spillway is small and is operate the sliding layer by layer by layer not convenient for culvert. along the dam slope. Many places people’s travel. Currently, the are hit by waves and form cliffs. culvert has a very strong water leak, - The downstream slope is m=2.5, the valve gate is an unreinforced earth structure broken, and the with no drainage system and upstream of the materials. Over time of operation culvert is filled and not regularly repaired, the with soil. dam’s slope has seriously degraded. The dam slope is - Canal: The eroded by rain and flood, forming downstream canal trenches of 20÷30cm deep. The behind the culvert dam slope appears to have some has been termite nests, which is caused by solidified. the many bushes and tree roots on However, 70m of the dam slope that go deep into the canal on one the dam body to form hollows that side broke. cause the dam body to be permeable. When the roots rot, termites can develop. Because there is no drainage material downstream, it greatly affects the drainage of the dam body. When the saturation line rises, it causes the downstream slope to slide, creating deep scour holes and making the construction very unsafe. - Dam body penetration: According to the survey and testing, the embankment layers have not reached the density and waterproofing because at the time 26 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses of construction more than 30 years ago, it was mainly manual. Through the current survey, it was found that the downstream slope has clear seepage flows and the seepage holes are concentrated on the whole length of the dam. Both upstream and downstream slopes cracked very strongly. It is recommended to treat the penetration for the entire length of the dam. 13 Nang Reservoir - Upstream slope: The average - The earth spillway is - Water intake - The operation - Location: Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district slope of the upstream slope is not reinforced. The culverts: located and management m=2.5, reinforced with stone. spillway crest elevation on the right route is a dirt road Nang reservoir provides water for 70 ha of paddy However, after a long time of is about +91.52m. The shoulder of the with the length of land. operation, it has been displaced spillway length is about dam, which is a L=616.09m. The Photos: and some points have been L=148.76. The spillway type of pressure current condition moved. crest’s width is B=10m. culvert. The is a dirt road with - Downstream slope: The Below the spillway is the concrete culvert is a surface width of downstream slope is m=2.5, an hamlet road and the structured with a B= 2.50m, unreinforced earth structure. The forest road. diameter of average slope is eroded layer by layer, 500mm, opened pavement, and a water seeps below the ground, and and closed by an steep gradient i= trees and grass grow a lot on the upstream valve, 18%. downstream slope. There is no which is leaking drainage, which greatly affects the and degrading. drainage of the dam body, The reinforced creating deep scour holes and concrete valve making the work very unsafe. At tower is located the bottom of the downstream upstream. It has slope, there is a clear seepage deteriorated. The flow. The seepage holes are valve tower is far concentrated on the whole length from the dam of the dam. Both the upstream and crest, about 30m downstream slopes are cracked away, without a very strongly. It is recommended working bridge to to treat seepage for the entire operate the length of the dam. culvert. 27 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses - The crest of the earth dam: The - Canal: The dam face has not been reinforced. downstream canal During the long-term use, a lot of has been traffic and without repair and reinforced. maintenance makes the dam face seriously degraded, especially difficult for the management and operation in rainy seasons. The dam was built a long time ago and doesn’t have a breakwater on the surface. There are no wheel stops. 14 Dang Reservoir - Upstream slope: the earth slope, - The draining work is - Water intake - The current - Location: Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district reinforced with Rip-Rap stones, is on the right shoulder of culverts: A management and still relatively good. The dam the earth dam. The pressurized rescue road is Dang Reservoir provides water for 50 ha of paddy slope is relatively flat and many concrete spillway crest is underground about 2480m long land. small bushes, 30cm or 40cm high, B=10m wide. The culvert runs and is a dirt road appear on the slope. At the bottom spillway wall and water through the dam’s that is bumpy, of the slope under the concrete slope made of masonry center. The slippery, and beams. There are some landslides. have been peeled off, culvert structure muddy in the The current slope coefficient is eroded, deposited, and is reinforced rainy season. 2.5. overgrown with concrete, - Downstream slope: Earth slope, vegetation. The diameter 400mm. no reinforcement. On the slope downstream of the water The flat valve appear many small to medium slope pours into a small house is located shrubs, ranging in height from 1- stream about 30cm- upstream, with 2m. There are no drains on the 100cm wide, runs around brick walls and a slope. The drainage system of the in people's farming reinforced dam body downstream is covered fields, and then pours concrete ceiling. with grass, covered with soil, and into the irrigation canal The entire plaster is almost inoperable. On the left behind the culvert. layer is degraded, shoulder downstream of the dam, exposing there is a deep and steep slope. degraded bricks. There is seepage through the The concrete culvert and CTTL Mining ceiling is Company treated it by building a degraded, breakwater on the upstream of the exposing rusted culvert. steel. - The crest of the earth dam is + Canal: The relatively flat. The variable vertex canal connecting 28 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses width is about 4–4.8m. the culvert is 70m, dimension 0.4x0.4m, solidified with rubble stone. The walls and bottom of the canal are peeled off, many sections have cracks in the walls and bottom of the canal; 1km of brick-canal connecting with the canal is seriously degraded and the canal bed is peeled off and cracked. 15 Cau Reservoir - Dam face: At present, the - Location: On the left + Water intake + The current - Location: Hung son commune, Kim Boi district average width of the dam crest is side of the earth dam. culverts: located management and 4.5-5.1m; the elevation of the dam + The spillway is a free on the right rescue road is The reservoir can reserve 900,000 m3 water. surface is not uniform, varying type which has not been shoulder of the about 540m; this Cau reservoir provides water for 20ha of paddy from (+92.6) to (+93.39) m; many solidified. The length is dam, which is a is a dirt road with land. sections of the dam surface appear about L=127.80m. The type of pressure a steep slope and - Photos to be deep pits. The total length of culvert. The is rough. width is about 8.0m. The the current dam face is water slope is B=3.0m- culvert structure L=116.00m. 5.0m. The section is precast - Upstream slope: The current crossing the road where concrete, D400, upstream dam slope is an the culvert D1000 is 61.36m long, unconsolidated earth slope; along located. Due to the small upstream the slope, many places due to width of the spillway, in regulation. After waves have been eroded deep into rainy seasons, the water a long time, the dam body; the average slope could not be drained in operation, the coefficient is m = 3.0m. time. In the last rainy culvert is leaking. season of 2018, the flood In 2016, the - Downstream slope: The current water was large and culvert was downstream slope is an earth quick. The drainage repaired, but due slope. The coefficient of the slope 29 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses is not uniform. The two sides of capacity of the spillway to limited capital, the dam and slope do not drain was poor, so the water only 2 sections of rainwater, so many places appear rose and flooded all the D400 steel to have deep erosions in the dam rural roads and 02 pipeline were body due to erosion by rainwater. households were connected to There is no drainage system on isolated. extend the culvert the downstream. The dam’s downstream. The downstream foot signs indicate a downstream phenomenon of deep erosion into channel system the dam body. The average dam has been slope coefficient is m = 2.0- solidified. 2.50m. + Canal: The canal system behind the culvert has been solidified. 16 Tha Reservoir - Dam crest: The dam is a solid - The spillway has not The water intake - Location: Ky Son ward, Hoa Binh earth dam built in 1987. The top been stabilized. culvert is a elevation of the earth dam is - The spillway crest precast concrete - The storage capacity is 500,000 m3 between (+30.3) m and (+30.7) m. elevation is about culvert, D300, Tha reservoir provides water for 30 of paddy The length of the earth dam is 44.2m long, and +28.70m. The spillway land. about L= 67.00m; the width of the upstream length is about - Photos: top of the earth dam is B=4.21m- L=150,86m. The regulated. After a 5.16m. The dam face has not been spillway width is about long time of reinforced. Due to the small width 3m. The water slope is operation, it of the spillway, the current dam B=3.0m-2.0m. The leaked. Seepage crest elevation does not guarantee section through the arch appeared at the a safe height in flood seasons. culvert into people’s bottom of the After the big flood of 2018, the houses was installed downstream slope reservoir water was only about with D100. Due to the near the valve 20cm above the dam surface. small width of the house. In 2016, - The current upstream slope is spillway, in rainy the culvert was m=2.72 with eroded soil hit by seasons, water drains repaired, but due waves, no longer ensuring the insufficiently. In the last to limited capital, coefficient as designed, and there rainy season of 2018, the only 2 sections of is slight subsidence. flood water was large D300 steel and quickly. The pipeline were - Downstream slope: The average spillway draining ability connected to downstream slope is m=2.2. It is was poor, so the water extend the culvert 30 Management No. Reservoirs Dams Spillways Culverts roads and houses an unreinforced earth structure. rose to flood all the arch downstream. The slope is sagging, sunken, does culverts, making three There is a not guarantee the designed households isolated management coefficient. The downstream slope while the water level in house, a is seeped into the ground. The the reservoir was only downstream valve downstream slope foot has no 20cm from the dam face, system, and a drainage, which greatly affects the which is very dangerous discharge tank. drainage of the dam body and to the work and the lives The downstream water erodes deep trenches, and properties of people canal system has making them very unsafe for in downstream areas. been solidified. work. Moreover, at present, the spillway is used as a traffic road for the transportation of acacia. The spillway is narrow and slippery in storms, which is very dangerous for people and vehicles when traveling. 31 Table 3b. Technical Specifications of Reservoirs Technical Thong Khoang Vo No. Unit Cham Sy Dom Dang Du LuongBai Me Sung Thuong NaAi Cau Tha NgocVo Nang Specifications Nhat Chia Queo I Reservoirs Work grade III III II II II III IV III III IV IV III III III III II Guaranteed level 85.00 % 85.00 85.00 85.00 85.00 85.00 85.00 75.00 85.00 85.00 75.00 75.00 85.00 85.00 85.00 85.00 of irrigation Irrigation area ha 26.00 29.00 50.00 50.00 48.00 50.00 25.00 65.00 65.50 48.00 47.10 105 37.00 30.00 13.00 70.00 2 2.94 Basin area km 0.30 2.81 0.67 2.00 0.98 0.70 7.59 0.81 5.68 1.67 0.68 0.65 1.55 0.30 1.29 6 3 0.581 Total capacity 10 m 0.203 0.235 0.216 0.623 0.361 0.215 0.204 0.273 0.271 0.262 0.213 0.202 0.204 0.2305 0.366 Useful capacity 106m3 0.141 0.203 0.189 0.600 0.310 0.136 0.021 0.204 0.222 0.205 0.201 0.559 0.171 0.134 0.21 0.342 6 3 0.022 Dead capacity 10 m 0.061 0.032 0.026 0.022 0.051 0.079 0.183 0.068 0.049 0.056 0.012 0.031 0.070 0.0205 0.0241 Dead water level m 9.80 25.81 136.30 46.90 35.50 110.00 40.00 57.10 40.70 44.90 40.06 104.35 85.17 25.00 46.00 82.80 Normal water 110.24 m 12.00 29.35 142.20 55.50 42.00 112.30 40.55 59.00 43.45 45.95 43.20 91.55 28.70 50.20 91.50 level Designed flood water level m 12.55 31.47 143.34 57.17 43.69 112.96 41.60 59.72 44.89 46.89 44.09 112.47 92.60 30.25 50.59 92.81 QCVN 04-05 Flood water level checked 112.90 m 12.63 31.78 143.58 57.44 44.13 113.05 41.68 59.86 45.07 47.00 44.20 92.76 30.50 50.67 93.13 according to QCVN 04-05 Flood frequency Check according % 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 to WB recommendations Flood water level tested according to m 12.74 32.12 143.70 57.56 44.32 113.19 41.92 60.05 45.32 47.33 44.57 113.54 92.98 30.85 50.78 93.26 WB Aux Au Auxili II Earth Dams Main iliar Main xilia Main ary y ry Top Elevation of the breakwater m 144.30 42.30 60.80 47.85 113.85 52.60 wall Dam crest m 13.50 32.50 144.00 58.00 45.00 45.00 115.00 42.00 60.50 60.80 46.00 47.55 45.00 113.20 93.40 31.20 51.8 94.00 94.00 Dam’swidth m 6.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Dam’s length m 44.25 114.63 153.40 211.28 157.60 94.10 238.39 703.84 310.85 98.00 227.43 155.26 91.47 125.90 138.90 73.50 87.0 142.18 37.00 Dam’s height m 6.39 10.42 19.15 17.00 16.90 4.70 13.00 3.55 5.30 2.80 10.84 3.00 6.00 11.20 13.60 10.40 9.5 17.30 12.59 Hmax Elevationof 88.9; m 135 52.00 37.50 105.0 87.00 downstream 84.40 SlopeTLmTL 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.75 2.75 3.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 2.75 2.75 3 3 32 Technical Thong Khoang Vo No. Unit Cham Sy Dom Dang Du LuongBai Me Sung Thuong NaAi Cau Tha NgocVo Nang Specifications Nhat Chia Queo 2.25 ÷ 2.5÷2. 2.25÷ 2.25÷ Slope HL mHL 2.00 2.5 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 1.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 1.75 2.00 2.50 2.25 2.5÷3.0 2.5 75 2.5 2.5 III Spillways Free Free Free Free Free Free Free Free Free Free Free. Free Free. Free. Free. Free. Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad Broad crested Type of spillway crested Practical Practic Practic crested crested crested crested Practical Practical crested spillway Practical Practical Practical Practical spillwa al al spillwa spillwa spillwa spillway spillway y y y y Designed width Bt m 8.00 10.00 10.60 11.00 5.00 16.50 24.00 16.00 34.00 15.00 7.00 6.25 9.00 10.00 15.00 15.00 Crest Elevation m 12.00 29.35 142.20 55.50 42.00 112.30 40.55 59.00 43.45 45.95 43.20 110.24 91.55 28.70 50.20 91.50 (4.12÷7.5 6.71% Water Slope 14.28% 4% 0.21% 10.00% 17.0% 8.18% 13.43% 7)% ÷0% Water slope m 14.00 55.40 87.0 70.00 15.85 15.0 35.3 53.00 15 length Length of dissipation tank, m 25.4 81.0 15.00 11.0 13.5 14.40 9.0 5.0 4.0 35.0 48.0 5.70 68.30 water level QTK m3/s 5.00 66.40 18.00 34.80 17.30 13.02 94.00 15.10 109.04 25.30 16.24 15.00 30.00 5.80 32.60 QKTaccordingtoQCVN04- m3/s 6.20 81.60 25.50 43.70 24.40 16.26 105.00 19.70 130.20 30.20 19.19 18.60 37.50 7.60 45.40 05 QKT(WB) m3/s 7.90 99.40 28.80 47.90 27.70 21.63 140.10 26.80 161.60 45.30 30.18 23.90 49.00 10.40 51.10 3 Water intake IV culvert culverts s Pressu Pressu Pressu Pressu Pressu Pressu Flow mode Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure re re re re re re Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Steel Black Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel Black Black Black Steel Steel Pipe Steel Pipe Pipe Black Steel Steel Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Pipe Steel Pipe Black Steel Pipe Steel Pipe Black Steel Pipe Pipe Coated Coated Coated Coate Pipe Coated Coated Coate Coate Coate Coate Coated Coated Coated with Coated Coated with Culvert structure with with with d with with with d with d with d with d with with with Reinforced with Reinforced Reinforced Reinforce Reinforce Reinfo Reinforced Reinforce Reinfo Reinfo Reinfo Reinfo Reinfor Reinforce Concrete Reinforce Concrete Concrete d d rced Concrete d rced rced rced rced ced d d Concrete Concrete Concrete Concr Concrete Concr The Concr Concr Concr Concre Concrete ete ete existing ete ete ete te Dimension mm D500 D500 D500 D500 D500 D500 D500 D500 culvert is D500 D500 D500 D500 D500 D500 D500 still good Elevation of the 39.30 bottom of the m 7.97 24.45 135.15 45.75 33.00 108.37 ÷39.7 56.40 44.20 39.00 103.50 83.72 24.00 44.50 81.41 inlet pipe 5 Drain length 20.70 (including inlet, m 37.40 52.50 76.37 88.42 90.39 57.07 ÷22.9 32.96 32.45 41.50 66.50 69.05 49.85 52.60 79.86 outlet/dissipative 5 tank) Management V road 33 Technical Thong Khoang Vo No. Unit Cham Sy Dom Dang Du LuongBai Me Sung Thuong NaAi Cau Tha NgocVo Nang Specifications Nhat Chia Queo Length m 287.14 320.00 2.106.52 186.77 283.77 1.160.89 255.73 684.00 433.40 611.35 565.22 665.27 Width of cement concrete m 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 pavement Management VI House Area m2 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 2.2.2 Subproject’s work-items Summary of reservoir construction is described in Table 4 as follows: 34 Table 4. Summary of Construction Items of Subproject Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design - Construction of a new spillway at - Demolish the old - Management and level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at the old spillway’s foundation. The culvert and build a operation road: 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; spillway is 11.0m wide, divided into new one next to it. The Upgrading the road there are wheel stops. 02 chambers and each one is 5.5m culvert body is made of 222.7m long; the - Upstream slope: Upstream slope: filling wide; the structure is M250 of black steel pipe roadbed 5.0m wide; upstream attic slope with soil, ensuring the design reinforced concrete. Following the D500mm, 6.35mm the road pavement is cross-section, the compaction coefficient K0.97, the spillway is the energy dissipation thick. The culvert 3.5m wide with slope coefficient is mPR=3.0. The section from the tank, which is 15m long and 11.6m outside is covered with M300 concrete, dam crest to the below of the normal water level of wide; its structure is M250 reinforced M300 reinforced 20cm thick; the 1.5m is reinforced with M250 concrete, 12cm thick. concrete. The backyard is a concrete concrete. Along the beneath is an oil The underneath is a layer of nylon lining. A buffer structure with M250. culvert body, there is a paper layer and layer of 1x2 crushed stone is 15cm thick. Adjacent - Construction of a bridge over the concrete waterproofing crushed stone layer to the soil layer is a geotextile layer. The rest of the spillway: 12.8m long (02 spans), the wall. Culvert joints are of 16cm thick; section below the dead water level of 1.5m is bridge width is 5.0m (including pier installed with Sika roadside (2x0.75)m; reinforced stone that is 30cm thick. The underneath balustrade), the structure is M300 O32 water barriers. Design drainage is a layer of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick reinforced concrete, and the bridge - A regulating device works and other and a geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced railing is made of steel. for opening and works on the route Du concrete frame, Below is an M100 concrete lining. - Flood Drainage canal behind the closing, including two according to the - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the spillway: The canal is 174.3m long, gate valves, D500, is regulations. downstream slope, mHL= 2,25 ÷ 2,5; berm 3.0m of which section 1 is 155.3m long located downstream in - Management and wide; planting protective grass; building drainage and 11.6m wide, reinforced on both the valve house. operation house: ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled with crushed stone 1x2. sides of the canal with cement Build a new house Attic type drainage. Install (0.3x0.3) m drainage concrete M100 with stone; Section 2 according to the ditches on both sides of the dam shoulder and is 19.0m long and 7.5m wide, Grade-IV House downstream, The concrete structure M200 is 15cm reinforced on canal bottom and banks Standard; the area is thick. with cement concrete M100 with about 40m2. - Drilling and waterproofing of the dam’s body stone. and foundation with a solution of clay grout + - Reinforcement of the road along cement. the flood drainage canal of 198.4m - Treating termites in the dam’s body and long to the spillway (dirt road), 3.6m surrounding environment. wide, M300 concrete pavement of - Installing a system of displacement, water level, 20cm thick and infiltration monitoring. - Construction of two culverts across the road on a flood drainage canal: 35 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses 5.0m long, 2-chamber rectangular box culverts, and each one is (3.5x2)=7.0m wide. The structure is M250 reinforced concrete. -Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design - Demolish the old spillway (the - Demolish the old - Management and level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at current stone water slope is damaged culvert and build a operation road: 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; and decayed). Construction of a new new one next to it. The Upgrading the road there are wheel stops. spillway at the old spillway’s culvert body is made of 1232.2m; the - Upstream slope: Upstream slope: filling foundation. The spillway crest is of black steel pipe roadbed 5.0m wide; upstream attic slope with soil, ensuring the design 16.5m wide, divided into 3 chambers D500mm, 6.35mm the road pavement is cross-section, the compaction coefficient K0.97, the and each one is 5.5m wide. The thick. The culvert 3.5m wide with slope coefficient is mPR=3.0. The upstream slope is structure is M250 reinforced outside is covered with M300 concrete, reinforced with stone that is 30cm thick. The concrete, followed by a 70m long M300 reinforced 20cm thick, the underneath is a layer of 1x2 crushed stone that is water slope; the width of the water concrete. Along the beneath is an oil 15cm thick and a geotextile layer in the M250 slope is narrowed from 17.5m to culvert body, there is a paper layer and reinforced concrete frame. Below is an M100 12.0m. The structure is M250 concrete waterproofing crushed stone layer concrete lining. reinforced concrete. wall. Culvert joints are of 16cm thick; - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the - Following the spillway crest is the installed with Sika roadside (2x0.75)m; downstream slope, mHL= 2,5; berm 3.0m wide; energy dissipation tank, which is O32 water barriers. Design drainage planting protective grass; building drainage ditch 9.5m long and 12.0m wide; the - A regulating device works and other Me (0.2x0.2) m filled with crushed stone 1x2. Attic structure is M250 reinforced for opening and works on the route type drainage combined with pile of draining concrete. The flood drainage canal closing, including two according to the stones. Drainage ditches (0.3x0.3)m in size should behind the energy dissipation tank is gate valves, D500, is regulations. be installed on both sides of the dam shoulder and an 18.0m long, open rectangle canal. located downstream in - Management and downstream. The concrete structure M200 is 15cm The structure is M250 reinforced the valve house. operation house: thick. concrete. Build a new house - Treating termites in the dam’s body and - Construction of a culvert across according to the surrounding environment. the road on a flood drainage canal: Grade-IV House - Installing a system of displacement, water level, 5.0m long, 2-chamber rectangular Standard; the area is and infiltration monitoring. box culvert, (2.5x2)=5.0m wide, about 40m2. reinforced concrete structure (M250). - The bridge over the spillway: is 18.7m long (03 spans). The bridge width is 5.0m (including pier balustrade). The structure is M300 reinforced concrete. The bridge 36 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses railing is made of steel of all kinds. - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design - Construction of a new spillway at - Demolish the old - Management and level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at the old spillway’s foundation. The culvert and build a operation road: 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; spillway crest is 15.0m wide, the new one next to it. The Upgrading the road there are wheel stops. structure is M250 reinforced culvert body is made of 558m long; the - Upstream slope: Filling upstream attic slope concrete, Followed by an energy of black steel pipe roadbed 5.0m wide; with soil, ensuring the design cross-section, the dissipation tank of 6.0m long, 15.0m D500mm, 6.35mm the road pavement is compaction coefficient K0.97, the slope coefficient wide; the structure is M250 thick. The culvert 3.5m wide with is mTL=2.75. The upstream slope is reinforced with reinforced concrete. Backyard is outside is covered with M300 concrete, stone that is 30cm thick. The underneath is a layer concrete structure M250. M300 reinforced 20cm thick, the of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a concrete. Along the beneath is an oil geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete culvert body, there is a paper layer and frame. Below is an M100 concrete lining. concrete waterproofing crushed stone layer - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the wall. Culvert joints are of 16cm thick; Ngoc Vo downstream slope, mHL= 2.5÷3.0; planting installed with Sika roadside (2x0.75)m. protective grass; building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) O32 water barriers. Design drainage m filled with crushed stone 1x2. Attic type - A regulating device works and other drainage. Drainage ditches (0.3x0.3)m in size for opening and works on the route should be installed on both sides of the dam closing, including two according to the shoulders. The concrete structure M200 is 15cm gate valves, D500, is regulations. thick. located downstream in - Management and - Treating termites in the dam’s body and the valve house. operation house: surrounding environment. Build a new house - Installing a system of displacement, water level, according to the and infiltration monitoring. Grade-IV House Standard; the area is about 40m2. - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design - Demolish the old spillway (the - The culvert remains level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at current stone water slope is good. 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; damaged), and build a new spillway there are wheel stops. oriented upstream. The spillway is Thong Nhat - Upstream slope: The current slope (from the 34.0m wide and the structure is culvert to the right shoulder) has not been M250 reinforced concrete. reinforced. The upstream attic slope is filled with Construction of a bridge over the soil, ensuring the design cross-section, the spillway. compaction coefficient K0.97; slope coefficient - Reinforcement of 259.65m of flood 37 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses mTL=3.0, is reinforced with Rip-Rap stone of canal wall. The structure is M250 30cm, the underneath is a layer of 1x2 crushed reinforced concrete. stone of 15cm thick and a geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete frame. Below is an M100 concrete lining. The current slope (from culvert to spillway) was reinforced with stone but has been eroded, so it needs to supplement stone to the damaged key frames to stabilize the dam slope. - Downstream slope: It’s still good, so basically keep it as is as it currently is, except fill it in and level it. - Treating termites in the dam’s body and surrounding environment. - Installing a system of displacement, water level, and infiltration monitoring. - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design - Construction of a new spillway at - Demolish the old - Upgrading the level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at the old spillway’s foundation. The culvert, build a new road of 684m long; 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; spillway is 7.0m wide, the structure culvert next to the old the roadbed 5.0m there are wheel stops. is M250 reinforced concrete, culvert location. wide; the road - Upstream slope: Filling upstream attic slope following the spillway sill is the L=26.80m long pavement is 3.5m with soil, ensuring the design cross-section, the energy dissipation tank of 4.0m long (including energy wide with M300 compaction coefficient K0.95, the slope coefficient and 7.0m wide; the structure is M250 dissipation tank); input concrete, 20cm thick, is mTL=2.5. The upstream slope is reinforced with reinforced concrete. Backyard is entrance elevation: the beneath is an oil stone that is 30cm thick. The underneath is a layer concrete structure M250. +39.00m; output paper layer and of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a entrance elevation crushed stone layer Vo Queo geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete (culvert center): of 16cm thick; frame, below key frame is M100 concrete lining. +38.90m. The culvert roadside (2x0.75)m; - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the structure is made of Design drainage downstream slope, mHL= 2.0; planting protective stainless steel pipe works and other grass; building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled D400. The culvert works on the route with crushed stone 1x2. Attic type drainage. outside is covered with according to the Drainage ditches (0.3x0.3)m in size should be M300 reinforced regulations. installed on both sides of the dam shoulders. The concrete. Device for - Build a road for concrete structure M200 is 15cm thick. regulating opening and construction - Installing a system of displacement, water level, closing: A disc valve combined with and infiltration monitoring. is located downstream management from 38 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses of the culvert. Build a the dam to the house to protect the spillway about 140m downstream valve. long. The roadbed is The structure is 5.0m wide. reinforced with concrete M200, concrete lining M100, brick-cement grout M75 of 22cm thick, plaster cement grout M75 of 1.5cm thick. * Main Dam: - Construction of a new spillway at - Demolish the old - Management and - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design the old spillway’s foundation. The culvert, build a new operation road: level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at spillway is 5.0m, the structure is culvert next to the old Upgrading the road 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; M250 reinforced concrete. Following culvert location (at the of 750m long; the there are wheel stops. the spillway sill is the energy main dam), The roadbed 5.0m wide; - Upstream slope: Upstream slope: filling dissipation and trapezoidal reinforced culvert body is made the road pavement is upstream attic slope with soil, ensuring the design concrete canal conveying water of black steel pipe 3.5m wide with cross-section, the compaction coefficient K0.97, the directly into the rice field. Arrange D500mm, 6.35mm M300 concrete, slope coefficient is mTL=3.0; The section from the railings along the flood drainage thick. The culvert 20cm thick, the dam crest to the below of the normal water level of canal. The entrance of the spillway outside is covered with beneath is an oil 1.5m is reinforced with M250 concrete, 12cm thick. sill, the spillway sill, the energy M300 reinforced paper layer and The underneath is a layer of nylon lining. A buffer dissipation tank, and the canal are concrete. Along the crushed stone layer Luong Bai layer of 1x2 crushed stone is 15cm thick. Adjacent made of reinforced concrete M250, culvert body, there is a of 16cm thick; to the soil layer is a geotextile layer. The rest of the the concrete lining M100, and the concrete waterproofing roadside (2x0.75) m; section below the dead water level of 1.5m is backyard of the canal is made of wall. Culvert joints are Design drainage reinforced with stone that is 30cm thick. The concrete M250. installed with Sika works and other underneath is a layer of 1x2 crushed stone that is - Construction of 04 bridges: O32 water barriers. works on the route 15cm thick and a geotextile layer in the M250 + Construction of a single bridge at - A regulating device according to the reinforced concrete frame. Below is an M100 the spillway sill: The bridge width is for opening and regulations. concrete lining. 5.0m (including the pier balustrade), closing, including two - Management and - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the the structure is M250 reinforced gate valves, D500, is operation house: downstream slope, mHL= 2,5; berm 3.0m wide; concrete, and the bridge railing is located downstream in Build a new house planting protective grass; building drainage ditch made of various types of steel. the valve house. according to the (0.2x0.2) m filled with crushed stone 1x2. Attic + Construction of three bridges Grade-IV House type drainage. Install (0.3x0.3) m drainage ditches along the flood drainage canal: the Standard; the area is 39 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses on both sides of the dam shoulder and downstream, bridge width is 3.0m (including the about 40m2. The concrete structure M200 is 15cm thick. pier balustrade), the structure is - Treating termites in the dam’s body and M250 reinforced concrete, and the surrounding environment. bridge railing is made of various - Installing a system of displacement, water level, types of steel. and infiltration monitoring. * Sub-Dam: - New construction of the dam in accordance with its design elevation. Dam’s face is 5m wide, the compaction coefficient K0.97, reinforcing concrete M300 at 20cm thick, there are wheel stops. - Upstream slope: Slope coefficient is mTL= 3.0. The structure is reinforced with stonethat is 30cm thick. Underneath that is a layer of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete frame. Below is an M100 concrete lining. - Downstream slope: Slope coefficient is mHL= 2.5; planting protective grass; building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled with crushed stone 1x2. Arrange drainage ditches on both shoulders and downstream foot of the dam, dimension (0.3x0.3)m. The concrete structure M200 is 15cm thick. Arrange the road of 5m wide to the dam crest, reinforcing concrete M300 with 20cm thick. - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design - Demolish the old spillway - Demolish the old - Upgrading the road level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at (current stone water slope is culvert and build a of 500m long; the 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; damaged). Construction of a new new one next to it. The structure is M300 there are wheel stops. spillway at the old spillway’s culvert body is made concrete, 20cm thick; - Upstream slope: Upstream slope: filling foundation. The spillway is 10.0m, of black steel pipe the beneath is a Dom upstream attic slope with soil, ensuring the design divided into 02 chambers and each D500mm, 6.35mm crushed stone layer cross-section, the compaction coefficient K0.97, the one is 5.5m wide; the structure is thick. The culvert of 16cm thick. The slope coefficient is mPR=3.0; The upstream slope is M250 reinforced concrete, followed outside is covered with roadbed is 5.0m reinforced with stone that is 30cm thick. The by a 25m long water slope; the width M300 reinforced wide, the concrete underneath is a layer of 1x2 crushed stone that is of the water slope is 10.6m, the concrete; Along the surface is 3.5m wide, 15cm thick and a geotextile layer in the M250 structure is M250 reinforced culvert body, there is a and the roadside is 40 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses reinforced concrete frame. Below is an M100 concrete. concrete waterproofing 0.75m wide on each concrete lining. - Following the water slope is the wall. Culvert joints are side. Design - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the energy dissipation tank, which is installed with Sika drainage works and downstream slope, mHL= 2.5; planting protective 10.3m long and 10.6m wide; the O32 water barriers. other works on the grass; building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled structure is 300 reinforced concrete. - A regulating device route according to with crushed stone 1x2. Attic type drainage. The backyard is a concrete structure, for opening and the regulations. Drainage ditches (0.3x0.3)m in size should be M250. closing, including two installed on both sides of the dam shoulders. The - Construction of a bridge over the gate valves, D500, is concrete structure M200 is 15cm thick. spillway: 11.6m long (02 spans), the located downstream in - Treating termites in the dam’s body and bridge width is 5.0m (including pier the valve house. surrounding environment. balustrade), the structure is M300 - Installing a system of displacement, water level, reinforced concrete, and the bridge and infiltration monitoring. railing is made of various types of steel. * Main Dam: - Construction of a new spillway at - Demolish the old - Management and - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design the old spillway’s foundation. The culvert and build a operation road: level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at spillway is 16.0m wide, the structure new one next to it. The Upgrading the road 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; is M250 reinforced concrete, culvert body is made of 1.070m; the there are wheel stops. followed by the water slope of 5.0m of black steel pipe roadbed 5.0m wide; - Upstream slope: Filling upstream attic slope long; 16.0m wide, the structure is D500mm, 6.35mm the road pavement is with soil, ensuring the design cross-section, the M250 reinforced concrete. thick. The culvert 3.5m wide with compaction coefficient K0.97, the slope coefficient - Following the water slope is the outside is covered with M300 concrete, is mTL=2.75. The structure is reinforced with energy dissipation tank, 5.0m long M300 reinforced 20cm thick, the stonethat is 30cm thick. Underneath that is a layer and 16.0m wide; the structure is concrete. Along the beneath is an oil of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a M250 reinforced concrete. culvert body, there is a paper layer and Thuong geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete - Following the energy dissipation concrete waterproofing crushed stone layer frame. Below is an M100 concrete lining. tank is a flood canal of 62.4m long wall. Culvert joints are of 16cm thick; - Downstream slope: The main dam is still in and 10.0m wide; the structure is installed with Sika roadside (2x0.75)m; good condition. It only needs to renew the M250 reinforced concrete. O32 water barriers. Design drainage downstream slope attic drainage, which is - Spillway underground culvert - A regulating device works and other mPR=2.50; at the downstream dam foot, reinforce combined road on the flood canal: for opening and works on the route the current road of 300m long with concrete Length 5.0m, 2-chamber rectangular closing, including two according to the structure M300 of 20cm thick; restore the ditch of box culvert, (3.5x2)=7.0m wide =7m, gate valves, D500, is regulations. 300m long with M200 concrete. the structure is M250 reinforced located downstream in - Drilling and waterproofing of the dam’s body concrete. the valve house. and foundation with a solution of clay grout + 41 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses cement. - Treating termites in the dam’s body and surrounding environment. - Installing a system of displacement, water level, and infiltration monitoring. * Sub-Dam: - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; there are wheel stops. - Upstream slope: Filling upstream attic slope with soil, ensuring the design cross-section, the compaction coefficient K0.97, slope coefficient is mTL= 2.5. The structure is reinforced with stone that is 30cm thick. Underneath that is a layer of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete frame. Below is an M100 concrete lining. - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the downstream slope, slope coefficient is mHL= 3; planting protective grass; building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled with crushed stone 1x2. Arrange drainage ditches on both shoulders and downstream foot of the dam, dimension (0.3x0.3)m, The concrete structure M200 is 15cm thick. - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design - Demolish the old spillway - Demolish 03 level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at (current stone water slope is damaged, old culverts; 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; damaged). Construction of a new build 03 new culverts there are wheel stops. spillway at the old spillway’s next to the old culvert - Upstream slope: Filling upstream attic slope foundation. The spillway is 24.0m, locations. The culvert Sung with soil, ensuring the design cross-section, the divided into 04 chambers and each body is made of black compaction coefficient K0.95, the slope coefficient one is 6.0m wide; the structure is steel pipe D500mm, is mTL=2,0; The upstream slope is reinforced with M250 reinforced concrete, followed 6.35mm thick. The stonethat is 30cm thick. The underneath is a layer by a 16.5m long water slope; the culvert outside is of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a width of the water slope is 25.8m, the covered with M300 geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete structure is M250 reinforced reinforced concrete. 42 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses frame. Below is an M100 concrete lining. concrete. Culvert joints are - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the - The energy dissipation tank, 5.4m installed with Sika downstream slope, mHL= 1.5; planting protective long and 25.8m wide, follows the O32 water barriers. grass; building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled water slope; the structure is 250 with crushed stone 1x2. Attic type drainage. reinforced concrete; reinforce the - Arrangement of arrange a trapezoidal drainage ditch at the dam foot, backyard of the 23.14m long building working rigs, opening with a ditch width of 1.5m, a roof coefficient of with a gabion structure (2x1x1) m. and closing equipment m=1.5; the structure is M75 cement grout stone, - Construction of a bridge over the and upstream flat 30cm thick. spillway: 26.5m long (04 spans), the valve doors. - New construction of four drainage culverts of bridge width is 5.0m (including the . 5.45m long, excluding the entrance and exit. The pier balustrade), the structure is culvert dimension is (1x1)m. Arrange the working M250 reinforced concrete, and the rig, the opening and closing machine and the flat bridge railing is made of various valve gate downstream of the culvert. The culvert types of steel. structure is M300 reinforced concrete. - Treating termites in the dam’s body and surrounding environment. - Installing a system of displacement, water level, and infiltration monitoring. - Dam crest: Filling and levelling at the design - Construction of a new spillway at - Demolish the old - Management and level of 6.5m wide, reinforcing concrete M300 at the left shoulder of the dam. The culvert and build a operation road: 20cm thick, underneath is a layer of oil paper; there spillway weight is 8.0m wide. The new one next to it. The Upgrading the road are wheel stops. structure is M250 reinforced culvert body is made of 305.0m long; the - Upstream slope: Upstream slope: filling concrete, followed by a 20.5m long of black steel pipe roadbed 5.0m wide; upstream attic slope with soil, ensuring the design water slope; the width of the water D500mm, 6.35mm the road pavement is cross-section, the compaction coefficient K0.97, the slope is narrowing from 8.0m to thick. The culvert 3.5m wide with slope coefficient is mPR=3.0; The upstream slope is 3.0m. The structure is M250 outside is covered with M300 concrete, Cham Sy reinforced with stonethat is 30cm thick. The reinforced concrete. M300 reinforced 20cm thick, the underneath is a layer of 1x2 crushed stone that is - Following the water slope is the concrete; Along the beneath is an oil 15cm thick and a geotextile layer in the M250 energy dissipation tank, which is culvert body, there is a paper layer and reinforced concrete frame, Below is an M100 25.4m long and 3.0m wide; the concrete waterproofing crushed stone layer concrete lining. structure is M250 reinforced wall. Culvert joints are of 16cm thick; - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the concrete. installed with Sika roadside (2x0.75)m; downstream slope, mHL= 2.0; planting protective - Following the energy dissipation O32 water barriers. Design drainage grass; building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled tank is a trapezoidal flood canal - A regulating device works and other with crushed stone 1x2. Attic type drainage. measuring 37.75m long and 3.0m for opening and works on the route 43 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses Drainage ditches (0.3x0.3)m in size should be wide; the slope coefficient is m=1, closing, including two according to the installed on both sides of the dam shoulders. The grout stone structure M100. gate valves, D500, is regulations. concrete structure M200 is 15cm thick. - Construction of a culvert across located downstream in - Treating termites in the dam’s body and the road on a flood drainage canal: the valve house. surrounding environment. 3.9m long and 3.0m wide. The - Installing a system of displacement, water level, structure is M250 reinforced and infiltration monitoring. concrete. Reinforcement of culvert foundation with bamboo piles D>6cm long, 2.5m, the density is 25 piles/m2. - Construction of a bridge over the spillway: 4.0m long (01 span), bridge width 6.5m (including pier balustrade), the structure is M300 reinforced concrete, and the bridge railing is made of various types of steel. - Dam crest: Filling and levelling at the design - Construction of a new spillway at - Demolish the old - Upgrading the road level, dam’s face is 5m wide, reinforcing concrete the old spillway’s foundation. The culvert and build a of 258.10m long; the M300 with 20cm thick, underneath is a layer of oil spillway crest is 15.0m wide, divided new one next to it. The roadbed is 5.0m; the paper; there are wheel stops. into 03 chambers and each one is culvert body is made road pavement is - Upstream slope: Filling upstream attic slope 5.5m wide; the structure is M250 of black steel pipe 3.5m; the roadside is with soil, ensuring the design cross-section, the reinforced concrete, following the D500mm, 6.35mm (2x0.75)m; the road compaction coefficient K0.95, the slope coefficient spillway sill is the energy dissipation thick. The culvert surface texture is is mTL=2.25. The upstream slope is reinforced with tank of 5.0m and 16.0m wide; the outside is covered with with M300 concrete, stonethat is 30cm thick. The underneath is a layer structure is M250 reinforced M300 reinforced 20cm thick, the Khoang of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a concrete. The backyard is concrete concrete; Along the beneath is an oil Chia geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete structure M250. culvert body, there is a paper layer and frame, below key frame is M100 concrete lining. - Construction of a bridge over the concrete waterproofing crushed stone layer - Downstream slope: It’s still good, so basically spillway: 16.6m long (03 spans), wall. Culvert joints are of 16cm thick. keep it as the current status, except filling and bridge width is 5m (including the installed with Sika Design drainage levelling. Arrange 02 roads to the dam crest. The pier balustrade), the structure is O32 water barriers. works and other culvert structure is M300 reinforced concrete. M300 reinforced concrete, and the - A regulating device works on the route - Installing a system of displacement, water level, bridge railing is made of various for opening and according to the and infiltration monitoring. types of steel. closing, including two regulations. gate valves, D500, is 44 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses located downstream in the valve house.. - Dam crest: Filling and levelling at the design - The current spillway weight is - Demolish the old level, dam’s face is 5m wide, reinforcing concrete still good, so they are kept intact, culvert and build a M300 at 20cm thick, underneath is a layer of oil except for building a new bridge over new one next to the - Management and paper; the upstream side has breakwater of 0.5m the spillway. The structure is M300 old culvert location. operation road: high, there are wheel stops on the downstream. reinforced concrete, and the bridge L=53.90m long Upgrading the road - Upstream slope: Filling upstream attic slope width is 5.0m (including pier (including energy of 433.40 m long; the with soil, ensuring the design cross-section, the balustrade). dissipation tank); roadbed is 5.0m; the compaction coefficient K0.97, the slope coefficient - The current backyard behind the elevation of input road pavement is is mTL=2.75. The upstream slope is reinforced with energy dissipation tank is eroded. entrance: +104.55m; 3.5m; the roadside is stonethat is 30cm thick. The underneath is a layer The backyard is treated with M200 elevation of output (2x0.75)m; the road of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a concrete. The lower layer is filled entrance (culvert surface road is with geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete with rock, reinforcement of the center): +103.25m. M300 concrete, frame. Below is an M100 concrete lining. retaining wall. The culvert structure is 20cm thick, the - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the - The slope of the right bank of the made of stainless steel beneath is an oil downstream slope, mHL= 2.5; planting protective flood drainage canal collapsed will pipe D400. The culvert paper layer and grass; building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled be protected by a concrete retaining outside is covered with Na Ai crushed stone layer with crushed stone 1x2. Attic type drainage. wall M200. M300 reinforced of 16cm thick. Drainage ditches (0.3x0.3)m in size should be concrete. Device for Design drainage installed on both sides of the dam shoulders. The regulating opening and works and other concrete structure M200 is 15cm thick. closing: A disc valve works on the route - Drilling and waterproofing of the dam’s body is located downstream according to the and foundation with a solution of clay grout + of the culvert. Build a regulations. cement. house to protect the - Management and - Treating termites in the dam’s body and downstream valve. operation house: surrounding environment. The structure is Build a new house - Installing a system of displacement, water level, reinforced with according to Grade- and infiltration monitoring. concrete M200, IV House Standard; concrete lining M100, the area is about brick-cement grout 40m2. M75 of 22cm thick, plaster cement grout M75 of 1.5cm thick. * Main Dam: - Construction of a new spillway at - Demolish the old - Management and Nang - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design the old spillway’s foundation. The culvert, build a new operation road: 45 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at spillway is 14.5m, divided into 02 culvert next to the old Upgrading the road 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; chambers; the structure is M250 culvert location (at of 616m long; the there are wheel stops. reinforced concrete, followed by an Sub-dam), the culvert roadbed 5.0m wide; - Upstream slope: Upstream slope: filling 18.41m long water slope; the width body is made of black the road pavement is upstream attic slope with soil, ensuring the design of the water slope is narrowed from steel pipe D500mm, 3.5m wide with cross-section, the compaction coefficient K0.97, the 15.0m÷12.0m, the structure is M250 6.35mm thick; the M300 concrete, slope coefficient is mPR=3.0; The section from the reinforced concrete. culvert outside is 20cm thick, the dam crest to the below of the normal water level of - Following the spillway weight is covered with M300 beneath is an oil 1.5m is reinforced with M250 concrete, 12cm thick. the energy dissipation tank, with 05 reinforced concrete; paper layer and The underneath is a layer of nylon lining. A buffer water steps. The total length is Along the culvert crushed stone layer layer of 1x2 crushed stone is 15cm thick and a 67.16m, the total width is 12.0m; the body, there is a of 16cm thick; geotextile layer. The rest of the section below the structure is M250 reinforced concrete waterproofing roadside (2x0.75)m; dead water level of 1.5m is reinforced with stone concrete. The backyard is a M250 wall. Culvert joints are Design drainage that is 30cm thick. The underneath is a layer of 1x2 concrete structure. installed with Sika works and other crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a geotextile - Construction of a bridge over the O32 water barriers. works on the route layer in the M250 reinforced concrete frame. Below spillway, 16.6m long (02 spans), and - A regulating device according to the is an M100 concrete lining. the bridge width is 5.0m (including for opening and regulations. - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the pier balustrade), the structure is closing, including two - Management and downstream slope, mHL= 2.25÷2.75, berm 3.0m M300 reinforced concrete, and the gate valves, D500, is operation house: wide; planting protective grass; building drainage bridge railing is made of various located downstream in Build a new house ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled with crushed stone 1x2. types of steel. the valve house. according to the Attic type drainage. Install (0.3x0.3) m drainage Grade-IV House ditches on both sides of the dam shoulder and Standard; the area is downstream. The concrete structure M200 is 15cm about 40m2. thick. - Drilling and waterproofing of the dam’s body and foundation with a solution of clay grout + cement. - Treating termites in the dam’s body and surrounding environment. - Installing a system of displacement, water level, and infiltration monitoring. * Sub-Dam: - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; 46 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses there are wheel stops. - Upstream slope: Filling upstream attic slope with soil, ensuring the design cross-section, the compaction coefficient K0.97, slope coefficient is mTL= 3.0. The structure is reinforced with stonethat is 30cm thick. Underneath that is a layer of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete frame. Below is an M100 concrete lining. - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the downstream slope, slope coefficient is mHL= 2,25- 2,75; planting protective grass; building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled with crushed stone 1x2. Attic type drainage. Arrange drainage ditches on both shoulders and downstream foot of the dam, dimension (0.3x0.3)m. The concrete structure M200 is 15cm thick. - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design - Demolish the old spillway - Demolish the old - Management and level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at (current stone water slope is culvert and build a operation road: 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; damaged). Construction of a new new one next to it. The Upgrading the road there are wheel stops. spillway at the old spillway’s culvert body is made of 2,243.15m long; - Upstream slope: Upstream slope: filling foundation. The spillway is 10,0m of black steel pipe the roadbed 5.0m upstream attic slope with soil, ensuring the design divided into 02 chambers and each D500mm, 6.35mm wide; the road cross-section, the compaction coefficient K0.97, the one is 5.5m wide; the structure is thick. The culvert pavement is 3.5m slope coefficient is mPR=3.0; From the dam crest M250 reinforced concrete, following outside is covered with wide with M300 to +141.00, reinforce with M250 poured-in-place the spillway sill is a water slope of M300 reinforced concrete, 20cm thick, Dang concrete, dimension 5x5m, thickness 12cm, 17m long and 10.0m ÷ 5.0m wide; concrete; Along the the beneath is an oil underneath is nylon lining; From +141.00 to the connecting to the narrow section is a culvert body, there is a paper layer and dead water level of 2.5 m, the structure is water slope of 70 long and 5.0m concrete waterproofing crushed stone layer reinforced with stonethat is 30cm thick. Underneath wide, the structure is M250 wall. Culvert joints are of 16cm thick; that is a layer of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm reinforced concrete. installed with Sika roadside (2x0.75)m; thick and a geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced - Following the water slope are the O32 water barriers. Design drainage concrete frame, below key frame is M100 concrete energy dissipation steps, which are - A regulating device works and other lining. 80.7m long and 5.0m wide; the for opening and works on the route - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the structure is M250 reinforced closing, including two according to the downstream slope, mHL= 2.5; berm 3.0m wide at concrete. The backyard is a M250 gate valves, D500, is regulations. 47 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses elevation of 137.00; planting protective grass; concrete structure. located downstream in - Management and building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled with - Construction of 02 bridges over the valve house. operation house: crushed stone 1x2. Attic type drainage combined the spillway: Build a new house with prismatic rock. Install (0.3x0.3) m drainage + Construction of a single bridge at according to the ditches on both sides of the dam shoulder and the spillway sill: 11.6m long (02 Grade-IV House downstream. The concrete structure M200 is 15cm spans), bridge width is 2.0m Standard; the area is thick. (including the pier balustrade). The about 40m2. - Drilling for waterproofing treatment of the dam structure is M300 reinforced body and foundation. concrete. The bridge railing is made - Installing a system of displacement, water level, of steel. and infiltration monitoring. + Construction of 01 bridge at the water steps: bridge length 5.6m (01 span), bridge width 3.5m (including pier balustrade), M300 reinforced concrete structure, steel bridge railing. - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design - Construction of a new spillway at - Demolish the old - Management and level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at the old spillway’s foundation. The culvert and build a operation road: 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; spillway sill is 9.0m wide, the new one next to it. The Upgrading the road there are wheel stops. structure is M250 reinforced culvert body is made of 537.00 m long; the - Upstream slope: Upstream slope: filling concrete, followed by a 40m long of black steel pipe roadbed is 5.0m; the upstream attic slope with soil, ensuring the design water slope; the width of the water D500mm, 6.35mm road pavement is cross-section, the compaction coefficient K0.97, the slope narrows from 9.0m to 5.0m. thick. The culvert 3.5m; the roadside is slope coefficient is mPR=3.0; The upstream slope is The structure is M250 reinforced outside is covered with (2x0.75)m; the road reinforced with stonethat is 30cm thick. The concrete. M300 reinforced pavement is with underneath is a layer of 1x2 crushed stone that is - Following the water slope is an concrete; Along the M300 concrete, Cau 15cm thick and a geotextile layer in the M250 energy dissipation system with 03 culvert body, there is a 20cm thick, the reinforced concrete frame, below key frame is water steps. The total length is 30.0m concrete waterproofing beneath is an oil M100 concrete lining. and the total width is 5.0m. The wall. Culvert joints are paper layer and - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the structure is M250 reinforced installed with Sika crushed stone layer downstream slope, mHL= 2.5÷2.75; arrange 02 concrete. The backyard is a M250 O32 water barriers. of 16cm thick. berms: at elevation +88.9m, the berm is 3.0m wide; concrete structure. - A regulating device Design drainage at elevation+84.4m, the berm is 4.6m wide; - Construction of a bridge at the for opening and works and other planting protective grass; building drainage ditch water steps: 5.6m long (01 span), the closing, including two works on the route (0.2x0.2) m filled with crushed stone 1x2. Attic bridge width is 5.0m (including pier gate valves, D500, is according to the type drainage. Drainage ditches (0.3x0.3)m in size balustrade), the structure is M300 located downstream in regulations. 48 Reservoirs Management road, Earth dams Spillways Water intake culverts management houses should be installed on both sides of the dam reinforced concrete, and the bridge the valve house. - Management and shoulder and downstream. The concrete structure railing is made of various types of operation house: M200 is 15cm thick. steel. Build a new house - Treating termites in the dam’s body and according to Grade- surrounding environment. IV House Standard; - Installing a system of displacement, water level, the area is about and infiltration monitoring. 40m2. - Dam crest: filling and levelling at the design - Construction of a new spillway at - Demolish the old level of 5m wide; reinforcing concrete M300 at the site of the old spillway, the culvert and build a 20cm thick; underneath is a layer of oil canvas; spillway sill is 10.0m, the structure is new one next to it. The there are wheel stops. M250 reinforced concrete, free culvert body is made - Upstream slope: Filling upstream attic slope overflowing, practical cross-section, of black steel pipe with soil, ensuring the design cross-section, the followed by a water slope and an D500mm, 6.35mm compaction coefficient K0.97, the slope coefficient energy dissipation tank. thick. The culvert is mTL=2.75; The upstream slope is reinforced with - Flood drainage canal behind the outside is covered with stonethat is 30cm thick. The underneath is a layer spillway: 36m long, 5m wide, M300 reinforced of 1x2 crushed stone that is 15cm thick and a rectangular open canal, concrete concrete; Along the geotextile layer in the M250 reinforced concrete structure M250. culvert body, there is a frame. Below is an M100 concrete lining. Remove - Construction of 02 bridges over the concrete waterproofing Tha the mud layer of the upstream slope and fill with spillway on the water slope. wall. Culvert joints are soil compaction coefficient K≥0.97. installed with Sika - Downstream slope: Filling and levelling the O32 water barriers. downstream slope, mHL= 2.25; planting protective - A regulating device grass; building drainage ditch (0.2x0.2) m filled for opening and with crushed stone 1x2. Attic type drainage. closing, including two - Drilling and waterproofing of the dam’s body gate valves, D500, is and foundation with a solution of clay grout + located downstream in cement. the valve house. - Treating termites in the dam’s body and surrounding environment. - Installing a system of displacement, water level, and infiltration monitoring. 49 2.3 Construction Materials, Machinery and Disposal Sites 2.3.1 Materials and Disposal Sites a. Construction Materials Materials for the construction and repair of key clusters at 16 reservoirs are as follows: (i) Soil, stone, and sand can be purchased at mining sites in the region; (ii) iron, steel, and cement can be purchased at district agents or supplied by manufacturers and transported to construction sites; (iii) geotextiles are imported or supplied by domestic companies, and suppliers can deliver materials directly to construction sites; (iv) other materials: asphalt, steel formworks, and so on, can be purchased in Hoa Binh or supplied by manufacturers and transported to construction sites; (v) mechanical and electrical equipment can be purchased in Hoa Binh city or supplied by manufacturers to the construction sites. The detailed volume of construction materials for the subproject construction is as follows: The construction volume of the subproject’s 16 reservoirs is presented in Table 5. Table 5. Summary of Construction Material Quantity Estima Excav Filling ted ated Reserv Sand Stone Steel Cemen Concre soil disposa Items soil oirs (m3) (m3) (tons) t (tons) te (m3) (100 l (100m m3) quantit 3) y(m3) Culvert 20.52 39.97 12.42 18.709 45.07 54.89 53.85 1098 Luong Dam 202.59 1712.6 4.88 112.6 271.26 43.67 41.45 873 Bai Spillway 196.63 382.91 23.96 179.2 431.7 16.63 5.65 333 Total 419.74 2135.4 41.26 310.509 748.03 115.19 100.95 2304 Culvert 10.417 20.28 2.77 9.49 22.87 3.26 2.48 65 Dam 840.93 2299 27.58 412.74 994.26 58.123 53.93 1162 Thuong Spillway 237.74 462.96 41.76 216.67 521.95 23.66 23.19 473 Total 1089 2782.2 72.11 638.9 1539.08 85.043 79.6 1701 Culvert 45.98 89.54 7.36 41.91 100.95 3.8 3.8 76 Dam 292.55 1955.7 4.03 266.62 642.27 40.08 24.17 802 Sung Spillway 159.67 310.93 17.6 145.51 350.54 8.25 2.61 165 Total 498.2 2356.2 28.99 454.04 1093.76 52.13 30.58 1043 Culvert 37.27 59.44 4.40 25.32 59.92 6.51 5.86 130 Khoang Dam 166.63 997.08 8.16 103.00 264.40 28.81 10.23 576 Chia Spillway 234.21 469.64 25.45 188.23 498.99 8.94 8.57 179 Total 438.11 1526.16 38.01 316.55 823.31 44.26 24.66 885 Culvert 79.94 134.27 9.15 42.55 139.52 19.11 14.08 382 Dam 263.68 1333.41 6.40 83.71 226.85 82.65 74.11 1653 Ngoc Vo Spillway 86 165 13.28 70.57 184.29 10.2 6.51 204 Total 429.62 1632.68 28.84 196.83 550.66 111.96 94.71 2239 Culvert 41.54 66.38 4.96 28.67 68.27 6.92 6.52 138 Vo Dam 113.02 886.28 4.69 58.16 148.32 6.16 22.26 123 Queo Spillway 184.41 375.89 27.74 152.83 394.86 27.48 3.63 550 Total 338.97 1328.55 37.39 239.66 611.45 40.56 32.41 811 Culvert 10.98 19.8 4.13 9.03 21.76 30.11 29.7 602 Dam 266.08 479.47 12.53 218.73 526.9 42.08 20.29 842 Me Spillway 821.09 1479.6 130.1 674.97 1625.94 46.36 17.98 927 Total 1098.1 1978.8 146.7 902.73 2174.6 118.54 67.96 2371 Culvert 65.64 33.7 9 30.71 74 33.87 32.49 677 Dam 1084.5 2902.9 15.51 267.93 645.43 68.46 55.28 1369 Du Spillway 1678.5 861.97 76.85 785.57 1892.38 39.11 22.69 782 2828.6 Total 3798.57 101.36 1084.21 2611.81 141.44 110.46 2829 4 Culvert 29.71 51.51 3.86 20.22 57.24 25.08 18.02 502 Dam 131.22 1157.67 3.14 38.99 126.38 119.69 147.96 2394 Tha Spillway 850.54 5220.92 22.24 444.17 1575.07 45.64 17.70 913 1011.4 6430.11 29.24 503.38 1758.69 190.42 183.67 Total 3808 7 50 Estima Excav Filling ted ated Reserv Sand Stone Steel Cemen Concre soil disposa Items soil oirs (m3) (m3) (tons) t (tons) te (m3) (100 l (100m m3) quantit 3) y(m3) Culvert 64.69 125.98 10.87 58.96 142.03 4.5 4.5 90 Dam 285.42 1518 9.334 148.93 358.78 56.78 53.78 1136 Dom Spillway 290.97 566.62 22.59 265.18 638.8 9.67 1.57 193 Total 641.08 2210.6 42.794 473.07 1139.6 70.95 59.85 1419 Culvert 14.09 25.4 3.87 8.38 27.92 6.79 6.28 136 Cham Dam 29.3 52.79 1.12 17.4 58.02 12.49 9.47 250 Sy Spillway 174.1 313.74 23.77 103.43 344.77 7.97 6.68 159 Total 217.49 391.93 28.76 129.21 430.71 27.25 22.43 545 Culvert Dam 373.46 3451.1 14.6 160.97 411.25 12.6 10.64 164 Thong 1356.2 Spillway 2539.73 0.26 930.08 2805.03 57.25 43.81 747 Nhat 5 1729.7 Total 5990.83 14.86 1091.05 3216.28 69.85 54.45 908 1 Culvert 52.09 80.20 4.04 37.00 94.46 43.62 13.62 872 Dam 55.14 3007.64 11.81 45.93 156.42 128.42 118.35 2568 1075.0 Cau Spillway 1745.62 38.36 666.47 2013.00 63.28 35.61 1266 5 1182.2 Total 4833.46 54.21 749.40 2263.88 235.32 167.59 4706 9 Culvert 64.08 103.14 6.38 43.94 98.36 83.14 41.07 1663 Dam 291.15 1791.18 8.12 91.38 229.96 104.47 58.98 2089 Na Ai Spillway 21.27 40.6 4.308 17.41 45.42 0.02 0.013 0 Total 376.5 1934.92 4322.5 152.73 373.74 187.63 100.063 3753 Culvert 15.73 28.35 3.12 9.34 31.16 12.23 11.99 245 Dam 502.1 904.77 27.58 298.28 994.26 41.31 116.17 826 Dang Spillway 312.84 563.74 0.06 185.85 619.5 17.39 4.62 348 Total 830.67 1496.86 30.76 493.47 1644.92 70.93 132.77 1419 Culvert 154.46 398.25 11.64 80.50 265.66 69.60 52.84 1392 Dam 533.94 2367.98 7.89 241.71 644.16 121.35 121.03 2427 Nang Spillway 302.36 462.17 48.90 162.55 541.82 31.02 10.87 620 Total 990.75 3228.40 68.43 484.75 1451.64 221.96 184.74 4439 (Source: Feasibility Study Report of “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3” Hoa Binh province, July, 2020). b. Transportation Distance Table 6. Distance of Material Transportation Reservoirs Materials Distance to the Transport roads works Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH6, inter village roads Du stone, brick, plank, transportation is filling soil… about 25-30km. Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH6, PR.446, inter commune Me stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is roads, inter village roads soil… about 25-30 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH12B, inter commune roads, Ngoc Vo stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is inter village roads soil… about 30-35 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH6, PR.435, inter village Thong Nhat stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is roads soil… about 19 km. Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH12B, inter village roads Vo Queo stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is soil… about 30-35 km Luong Bai Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH12B, inter commune roads 51 Reservoirs Materials Distance to the Transport roads works stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is (Luong Son town to Tien Son soil… about 30-35 km commune), inter village roads Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH6, inter commune roads, Dom stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is inter village roads soil… about 30-35 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH12B, Ho Chi Minh road, Thuong stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is inter village roads soil… about 35-40 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material Ho Chi Minh Highway, Sung stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is NH12B, inter village roads soil… about 35-40 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material PR.12B, NH21, inter village Cham Sy stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is roads soil… about 8 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH12B, inter village roads Khoang Chia stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is soil… about 30-35 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH12B, inter village roads Na Ai stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is soil… about 20 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH12B, inter-district roads, Nang stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is inter village roads soil… about 25 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH12B, inter-district roads, Dang stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is inter village roads soil… about 20 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material PR.12B, PR.2, inter commune Cau stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is roads, inter village roads soil… about 21 km Cement, steel, sand, Distance for material NH6, PR.445, inter village Tha stone, brick, plank, filling transportation is roads. soil… about 22 km 52 c. Landfill sites and Borrow pits Table 7. Landfill sites and Borrow pits No. Reservoirs Expected landfill sites Borrow pits Appendices Garden of Mr. Nguyen Van Khoa’s household, Nuoc Hang Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the village on the side of Me bridge, Mong Hoa commune, Ky by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed Son district (now is Hoa Binh city2). The area is about Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 1 Du 4500 m2. The expected reserve is about 4000 m3. The There are minutes of agreement with distance to the construction site is about 1 km. households, commune authorities, PPMU (attached in the Appendix). At the shallow pond in Me village managed the PC of Yen Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the Quang commune (now is Quang Tien commune3) the area by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed is about 1000 m2, the reserve is more than 20,000 m3. The Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 2 Me distance to the construction site is about 600 m. Excessive There are minutes of agreement with materials will be used to level the ground to create a local households, commune authorities, PPMU sports field. (attached in the Appendix). Agricultural land, Dong Trong area, of Mr. Bui Van Xung’s Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the household, Vieng village, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed district. The area is about 500 m2, the expected reserve is Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; about 2000 m3. The distance to the construction site is about There are minutes of agreement with 3 Ngoc Vo 3 km. However, Excessive materials are estimated at households, commune authorities, PPMU 2,239m3. With the reserve of about 2000 m3, it is possible (attached in the Appendix). to fill this disposal site 0.5m higher to reserve all 2,239m3 of unused soil. Garden land of Mr. Bui Luong Huy and Mrs. Nguyen Thi Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the Hanh in Ram village, Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city. by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed The area is about 300-450 m2. The expected reserve is Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 4 Thong Nhat about 800-1000 m3. The distance to the construction site is There are minutes of agreement with about 1 km. households, commune authorities, PPMU (attached in the Appendix). 2 Resolution No. 830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province 3 Resolution No. 830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province 53 No. Reservoirs Expected landfill sites Borrow pits Appendices Vacant land in low-lying area, in Dong Xe managed by Yen Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the Phu CPC. The area is about 6500 m2. The expected reserve by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed is about 10,000 m3. The distance to the construction site is Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 5 Vo Queo about 3 km. There are minutes of agreement with households, commune authorities, PPMU (attached in the Appendix). Khoang Dat area, Dong Bai village, Doan Ket commune. Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the The area is about 3 ha. The distance to the reservoir is about by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed 3 km. Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 6 Luong Bai There are minutes of agreement with households, commune authorities, PPMU (attached in the Appendix). Van Xoi vacant land in Phu Ngoc hamlet. This land is Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the planned for local public purpose managed by the Cu Yen by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed CPC. The area is about 4000 m2. The expected reserve is Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 7 Dom about 6,000 m3. The distance to the construction site is There are minutes of agreement with about 3 km. households, commune authorities, PPMU (attached in the Appendix). Khoang Moi vacant land in Moi hamlet, planned for local Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the public purpose managed by Lac Thinh CPC. The area is by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed about 2 ha. The expected reserve is about 30,000 m3. The Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 8 Thuong distance to the construction site is about 7 km. There are minutes of agreement with households, commune authorities, PPMU (attached in the Appendix). Dong Co area, Yen Hoa hamlet, Yen Lac commune (now is Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the Hang Tram town4). The area is about 5 ha. The distance to by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed the construction site is about 3.5 km. Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 9 Sung There are minutes of agreement with households, commune authorities, PPMU (attached in the Appendix). 10 Cham Sy Make use of excessive materials to level ground to build a Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the 4Resolution No. 830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province 54 No. Reservoirs Expected landfill sites Borrow pits Appendices stadium for Thanh Luong elementary and junior high school by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed with an area of 3600 m2 or the courtyard of the community Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; center of Go Mu village with an area of 1.2 ha. The There are minutes of agreement with expected reserve is about 10,000 and 12,000 m3. The households, commune authorities, PPMU distance to the construction site is between 1.2 and 2 km. (attached in the Appendix). Take advantage of soil for levelling the ground of Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the community center of hamlet Luc 1, in the land plot of Dong by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed land, Upper Kham Trang, Yen Nghiep commune with an Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 11 Khoang Chia area of about 5000 m2. The expected reserve is about There are minutes of agreement with 8.000 m3. The distance to the construction site is from 1.5-2 households, commune authorities, PPMU km. (attached in the Appendix). The organic soil excavated from the project will be used to Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the fill an estimated area of 5,000 m2 of agricultural land that by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed people of Buc hamlet donated for the local public purpose Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 12 Na Ai and level another area of about 1 ha in Bin hamlet to build a There are minutes of agreement with sports stadium. The estimated reserves of these areas are households, commune authorities, PPMU about 10,000 m3 and 20,000 m3 respectively. The distance (attached in the Appendix). to the construction site is from 1-3 km. Located in the vacant land of Moi Nang hamlet, Van Nghia Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the commune, managed and used by a private business owner, by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed Song Nghia, who needs to level the ground. The area is Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 13 Nang above 2 ha. The expected reserve is about 20,000 m3. The There are minutes of agreement with distance to the construction site is about 1 km. households, commune authorities, PPMU (attached in the Appendix). Dispose of excavated soil at Ngoc Dap hill in Tom Duoi Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the hamlet of Tan Lap commune. The current status is a vacant by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed lot managed by the CPC that is planned as a dispose site Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; 14 Dang with an area of about 4000 m2. The expected reserve is There are minutes of agreement with about 5,000 m3. The distance to the construction site is households, commune authorities, PPMU about 4 km. (attached in the Appendix). The local authorities, the households of Mr. Bui Huy Hung Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the and Bui Quoc Su want to get the soil to level their gardens by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed 15 Cau and stagnant ponds for production. It is located in Cau Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; hamlet, adjacent to Truong Son A road (Kim Boi-Luong There are minutes of agreement with 55 No. Reservoirs Expected landfill sites Borrow pits Appendices Son province road) with an area of about 250 m2 and 600 households, commune authorities, PPMU m2, respectively. The expected reserve is about 300-3,000 (attached in the Appendix). m3. The distance to the construction site is about 700 m. It is expected to dump waste soil at Dong Chanh area of Borrow pits are licensed There are DONRE instructions on the Dong Song hamlet, Dan Ha commune (now managed by by the authorities of Hoa locations of the borrow pits to be licensed Ky Son ward5) because the local people want to level the Binh province (soil for levelling) for construction; ground and convert it to residential land according to the There are minutes of agreement with Ky Son district planning (Hoa Binh city6) approved in households, commune authorities, PPMU 16 Tha 2018. And the second dumping site is Dong Song area, (attached in the Appendix). adjacent to Provincial Road 445, which is public land managed by the CPC. The dump site area is over 1 hectare and its reserve is about 15,000m3 for each dumping site. The distance to the construction work is about 150-200m. 5 National Assembly Standing Committee Resolution No. 830/NQ-UBTVQH14, dated December 17, 2019, on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province. 6 National Assembly Standing Committee Resolution No. 830/NQ-UBTVQH14, dated December 17, 2019, on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province 56 2.3.2 Mobilization of Vehicles and Machinery for Construction The number of vehicles and machines mobilized for the subproject construction depends on the construction progress of different items and the construction time on site. In order to meet the construction progress and to complete the volume of works, based on the terrain of the site, the nature of work and the sources of material supply, it is estimated to arrange the main equipment for embankment and dam construction like dump-truck 5T, dump-truck 7T, excavator 0.83-1.25m3, roller, tamper, diesel compressor 600m3/h, bulldozer 110CV, grader 110CV and excavator 1.6 m3. Equipment and machinery for the construction of management road and house, and installation of monitoring systems, including: dump trucks, water trucks 5m3, roller, tamper, bulldozer 110CV and spreader 130-140CV, concrete mixer (electrically operating 11kWh, battery), boat (if any). Details are presented in Table 8. Table 8. List of Machines and Equipment for construction of 16 reservoirs in Subproject 3 Quantity No. Types of equipment Unit Use Reserve 1 Dump truck 5T each 12 6 2 Excavator 1.25m3 each 12 6 3 Bulldozer 110CV each 12 6 4 Concrete Mixer 250l each 12 6 5 Concrete compactor each 12 3 6 Soil compactor each 12 3 7 Water pump each 12 3 8 Welder each 12 3 9 Cutting and bending machines each 12 3 10 Driller each 12 3 11 Generator 110KVA each 12 3 2.3.3 Access Roads The construction conditions of the works are relatively good, with convenient traffic. At all sites, there are access roads to the reservoirs, meeting the demand for transporting materials during the construction in the communes. 2.4 Project Progress 2.4.1 Pre-construction Activities Prior to construction, there are some tasks like surveying topography, hydrology, meteorological conditions, geological investigation, land acquisition marking, and UXO clearance. In the subproject scope, there is no demolition of structures, but there is vegetation clearing carried out by the households that have affected trees and crops. Waste from vegetation clearing will be collected and transported to the communal dump sites as planned in Table 7 and used by local households to make firewood or agricultural fertilizers. Designing the subproject provides options that take into account scenarios and risks of climate change on the performance of the construction items of the subproject. The study on climate change is presented in the section: the recent status of the subproject area, as a basis for selecting optimal design options. The recent impact of climate change in the region is mainly related to the precipitation that results in floods, landslides, and droughts. 2.4.2 Planned Construction Activities Construction materials will be transported to the sites about 1 week before the starting of the construction and in the dry season to avoid negative impacts on agricultural activities and the 57 daily life of local people. Workers, machines, and materials are estimated in the sections above. 2.4.3 Operation and Maintenance Activities Periodic dam safety monitoring: Once the reservoirs have been filled with water and the dams have started exploiting, the dam-owners are responsible for the dam’s safety monitoring. This assignment is carried out by qualified independent experts who did not participate in the investigation, survey, design, construction or operation of the dams. After the dams regularly operate, the monitoring stages are kept periodically, including the safety inspections prior and after flood seasons every year in accordance with the Government Decree No.114/2018/ND- CP on dam safety management. Upon completion of the works, the operation of the dams will be the responsibility of the dam owners, and the PPMU’s role will end. Operation procedure of reservoirs and valves: Each dam-owner must develop an operation procedure to regulate the storage and discharge of water in normal and emergency conditions in the relevant reservoir and submit it to the authorized state management agency for approval. The dam owners must document and submit operation procedures of valves and each of other works (hereafter referred to as “operations of works”) to the authorities. Other operations should be complied with the Government’s Decree No.114/2018/ND-CP on dam safety management. 2.5 Construction Methods and Dam Safety Measures 2.5.1 Construction methods a. Construction process: (i) Prepare construction sites and workers’ camps, (ii) Construct inlet culverts; (iii) Fill dam slope, repair and upgrade dams, reinforce downstream slopes, drilling to inject mortar into dam body to prevent water seepage, treat termites in the dam body and the surrounding environment; (iv) Construct spillways and 2 crossing sluices on the flood drainage canals of Du Reservoir and Me Reservoir; (v) Construct management and operation roads; (vi) Clean construction sites. b. Construction methods for main work-items (i) Earth Dams - Repair and upgrading dams: + Cutting and repairing dam upstream and downstream slopes: using bulldozers (110CV) to bulldoze dam slopes. Due to the small thickness of the removal layers of upstream and downstream slopes, and because there is no space, it is not possible to use bulky construction machinery and equipment. Therefore, bulldozers are used to level and excavate the works according to the designs. + Soil excavated at upstream slopes is piled up on the right shoulders of dams, then excavators 1.25m3 standing on roads will scoop soil on 7T-trucks carrying excavated soil to dam downstream areas with a distance of about 1km (Du reservoir, Me reservoir, Thong Nhat reservoir, Sung reservoir, Cau reservoir, Tha reservoir); 1-3km (Cham Sy reservoir, Khoang Chia reservoir, Na Ai reservoir); and 3-7km (Ngoc Vo reservoir, Vo Queo reservoir, Luong Bai reservoir, Dom reservoir, Sung reservoir, Dang reservoir, Thuong reservoir). + Bulldozed and leveled soil excavated on downstream slopes is transported to disposal sites at the right feet of dams. The rest will be transported by 7T-trucks to dam downstream areas with a distance of about 1km (Du reservoir, Me reservoir, Thong Nhat reservoir, Sung reservoir, Cau reservoir, Tha reservoir); 1-3km (Cham Sy 58 reservoir, Khoang Chia reservoir, Na Ai reservoir); and 3-7km (Ngoc Vo reservoir, Vo Queo reservoir, Luong Bai reservoir, Dom reservoir, Sung reservoir, Dang reservoir, Thuong reservoir). - Filling dam slopes: + Because of the small thickness of the slope backfilling and no space, it is not possible to use bulky construction machinery and equipment. So, bulldozers to level and tamper to compact will be used. The thickness of each layer of soil for compaction is from 20 to 30 cm. + Borrowed pit soil for backfilling of dam slopes, spillways, and inlet culverts is used for exploitation. The criteria required for compaction quality of filling soil are as follows: + Filling material: Use layer 1A of borrow pit soil for filling dam slopes. - Reinforce upstream slopes with stacked stones in reinforced concrete frames lined with crushed stones and geotextile. + Due to the small volume of concrete and pouring blocks, 500-liter mobile mixers will be used to mix grout. Manual pouring and vibrating tampers to compact concrete grout will be used. - Reinforce downstream slopes: + To prevent slope erosion due to rain and winds, cross drainage grooves on the dam slopes will be built. The groove dimension is 0.2x0.2m (slope grooves), M200 concrete structure. Cover soil and plant grasses interspersed in diagonal grooves. + A downstream slope drainage system is structured as follows: The top is an stone layer with a thickness of 30cm, followed by a layer of filtering crushed stones of 15cm thick and the bottom adjacent to the backfill layer of filter sand of 15cm thick. According to the calculations of seepage, attic drainage is reinforced from the dam downstream foot to a height of 137.0m. (ii) Spillways - Construction time: It is possible to start the construction of earth dams in November and complete them before April. - The spillway construction sites are relatively convenient; the spillway surfaces are traffic roads, so it is easy for machines and vehicles to circulate for construction. - Upgrading spillways: + Digging spillway foundations with an average depth of 1.2m and an average width of 3m. The method involves using excavators 1.25m3 in combination with 7T-trucks to dig and transport waste soil to disposal sites at an average distance of 150m. + Filling spillway slopes: Levelling spillway slopes manually or by tampers. + Pouring spillway concrete: The concrete pouring is mainly for the spillway sill and slopes. A bottom concrete slab is 10÷15m wide and 40÷50cm thick. The average spillway wall is about 2.5m high. The average spillway width is b=10m, therefore the equipment can move smoothly on both sides of spillways to pour concrete. The direction of pouring concrete is upstream and downwards downstream, using vibrating compactors to compact the concrete grout. - Construction of cross-road culverts on drainage canals of spillways: 59 + Digging foundation: Based on the terrain, build upstream cofferdam to prevent water in combination with traffic. Arrange vertical drainage pipes for water flow. Digging foundations for culverts across roads and flood drainage canals The method involves using excavators of 1.25m3 in combination with 7T-trucks to dig and transport waste soil to disposal sites. + Pouring concrete across road culverts: Before pouring concrete, clean the foundation, reinforcement, and formwork. The sequence of pouring reinforced concrete starts from the culvert foundation, front yard foundation, backyard foundation, culvert body, wing wall, and culvert ceiling. Use vibrators to compact the concrete grout, etc. A similar sequence is used for concreting the inlets and outlets of the culverts. + Filling culverts: Levelling slopes manually or with tampers + Install a system of railings and sign-boards (if any). + Demolish cofferdams for construction of crossroad culverts and complete the culverts. (iii) Inlet culverts - Construction time: Construct inlet culverts at the beginning of the dry season and complete them before February 28 to block water flows and complete dam slopes. - Construction of inlet culverts: + Excavation of the culvert foundation and demolition of existing culverts. The method is using excavators 1.25m3 in combination with 7T-trucks to dig and transport waste soil to disposal sites. + Manually combined with machines to rebuild new culverts and valve houses. (iv) Management and Operation Road - Construction time: roads are built last to take advantage of earth roads to serve the construction, then upgraded and solidified with concrete to ensure durability. - Construction sequence: the construction starts from the dams' back out. - Work items include: + Foundation excavation and roadbed construction (the sub-base layer is 20cm thick). + Before pouring concrete, line it with a regenerated nylon layer to prevent dehydration. + Pouring a layer of concrete on the road surface M300, 1x2 stone, 20 cm thick, and 3.5m wide. At the same time, construction of expansion joints, wheel stops. + Finishing the curbs and pouring concrete for drainage ditches. + Install 10T-load signboards at the beginning of the routes. + Rolling the construction, pouring concrete on the road surface according to expansion joints every 5m. Use 500-liter mixers to mix in-situ concrete. Compact road surfaces with vibrators and compactors. c. Drilling and Grouting The dam body and foundation waterproofing treatment by drilling will be implemented for 6 reservoirs: Na Ai, Tha, Nang, Dang, Thuong and Du. Applicable standards: - TCVN 8645:2011 - Hydraulic structures - Technical requirements for drilling and injecting cement into rock foundation; 60 - TCVN 8644:2011 - Hydraulic structures - Technical requirements for drilling and grouting into dykes; - TCVN 8216:2018 - Hydraulics structures - Design requirement for compacted earth fill dam; - TCVN 4253:2012 - Hydraulic structures - Foundation of hydraulic projects - Design standard. The sequence of drilling to inject mortar into dam body to prevent water penetration includes the following steps: ✓ Preparation: - Prepare sufficient materials to make a grouting mixture, including clay powder and other mixing agents. Packed clay powder used for drilling and grouting into dykes must meet the required quality, which does not form lumps - Equipment used for drilling and grouting must satisfy technical requirements and pass inspection and approval. - Before drilling and grouting, the construction units must review design drawings, bench- marks to check water loss quantity q (l/s), and maximum grouting pressure in the dam section in process. The testing activities can be carried out directly at the designed drilling holes. If the tests show large differences between the actual and designed figures, the construction units must stop construction and work with the supervisors to report to the responsible authorities. They can resume construction after receiving written decisions from the responsible authorities. - In addition to the aforementioned regulations, before drilling and grouting, labor safety measures and records must be prepared as regulated. ✓ Producing injecting grout - The injecting grout is produced according to the following procedure: + Prepare the cement and any additives (if using); + Identify the mixing ratio for grout mixture or the ratio for additives (if any) following the approved designs; + Clean mixing and grout tanks, packing tanks, and pipes; + Pump water into mixing tanks according to the approved ratio. The water must be clean, which does not contain impurities. Then add the additives (if any) at the designed ratio and stir the mixture for 5 to 10 minutes. + Add materials and additives (if any) gradually into the mixing tank at the designed ratio and stir in 7 to 10 minutes to dissolve clay powder in water. - The grout mixture for grouting dam bodies meets the following technical requirements: + Stratification period (grout appears to have water separation on the surface): no less than 20 minutes; + Grout before transferring to a pressing device for grouting only contains particles of less than 2mm in diameter. ✓ Grouting - Drilled holes must satisfy the following requirements: + The vertical angle deviation does not exceed 10°; 61 + The location error is less than 10cm. + The depth deviation from the designed depth is less than 20cm. + The drilling process must be recorded in construction supervision records; + When using pressurized water to drill holes, the pressure must be no more than 0.6 MPa and clean water is used. Before drilling, a hole of at least 20cm depth and 5- 10mm in diameter must be dug to guide drilling direction. When drilling, keep the drilling machine vertically to make sure the deviation is within acceptable limits. + After drilling, clean water with a pressure of 0.05 MPA must be pumped to clean the holes for a duration of 3-5 minutes and cap the holes to avoid dropping materials. For the holes drilled in loose soil areas, supporting pipes should be installed to guide the grouting process – the driller should not be withdrawn to avoid hole collapse. + If a change in hole location is required, the old hole must be filled pursuant to the applicable standards. Arrange a new hole in the same row and about 20-30cm away from the old one. Document and graph the drilled holes in the construction supervision records. + Do not drill too many holes. Before drilling, the construction capacity of grouting machines should be checked so that a suitable number of holes per day is drilled. - Grouting: + When drilling a hole, the water column pressure must be 0.05 MPA; drill and rotate the drilling rod at the same time. When reaching the end of the drilling hole, gradually reduce the water column pressure. Retract the drilling rod by 30cm. Stabilize the drilling rod to avoid blocking the grouting path and ensure mobility of the grouting mixture. + Do not block the opening of a hole before grouting. During the grouting process, if the grouting mixture overflows from the hole, the opening must be blocked. + The grout mixing ratio must be pursuant to the approved design. + During the grouting process, based on the amount of grout needed, the concentration of grout can change from low to high. Refer to the following cases to determine the mixture ratio. + The grouting pressure should start from 0.05 MPa and lower, thereby, based on the amount of grout needed, gradually increase pressure to the designed pressure. An increase of one pressure level is allowed in the following conditions + The grouting pressure must be maintained at the designed pressure. If the grouting pressure is lower than the designed pressure but a dam is broken or cracked around a drill hole, stop the construction and report to the CSC, design consultants and Subproject Owner to timely response and submit to responsible authorities to adjust the grouting pressure + When grouting into each hole, do it continuously until the grouting pressure reaches the designed pressure, and the grout quantity, Q0, reaches 1L per minute or lower, and maintain it for a period of not less than 30 minutes. + Unless grouting for termite treatment, the grouting clay powder grout between the former hole and the later hole or between the holes side by side elapses at least 72 hours. 62 + Within the next 24 hours, back-fill the drilled hole pursuant to the applicable regulations. d) Measures to treat termite in dam body - The process of survey, exploration, treatment of termite nests and potential hazards for the dam body and surrounding environment of 13 reservoirs (Du, Luong Bai, Nang, Cham Sy, Dom, Me, Thuong, Thong Nhat, Na Ai, Cau, Tha, Ngoc Vo, Sung) - The process of treating termite nests for earth dams: Drilling to form a spiral hole and spraying termiticide into a termite nest through the drill hole, then plugging the hole made by termites in the dam foundation to protect the surrounding environment and thoroughly handle the hidden dangers caused by termites. This measure is not harmful to the environment but requires the construction units to have specialized equipment and experience in termite treatment for irrigation work. The treatment steps for termite nests are as follows: Drill to form a spiral hole into termite nest Spray termiticide into termite nest Spray clay to seal termite nest Restore the site ❖ Drilling spiral holes - On each termite nest, drill one hole into the center of the main cavity of the termite nest (for Macrotermes termite species) and additionally, drill 1 to 2 holes in the sub- cavity of the termite nest. The holes are 1 meter apart (for Odontotermes termite species). - The depth of the borehole through the bottom of the cavity of the termite nest is 0.3m. - Twist drillers UKB 12/25, YRB 50M, XY-1AKT, or equivalent are used. - A boring is taken out of the borehole every 0.2 to 0.5m to avoid the borehole being filled when the drill rod is withdrawn. After withdrawing the rod from the borehole, the hole is covered to prevent a landslide. The spiral hole drilling is applied to all hazardous nests identified during the survey, including all termite nests in a living or dead state within a dam body, and living termite nests in the vicinity of a dam. ❖ Injecting termiticide - After completing the drilling holes, proceed to inject termiticides in the boreholes. Termiticide injecting equipment is a continuous system including a pressure generator with an air compression mode and a pressure vessel containing the solution. The maximum injection pressure is 01 AT. - Use termiticides or preparations (on the list of pesticides allowed to be used in Vietnam in Circular No.10/2020/TT-BNNPTNT dated September 9, 2020 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development). Drugs are mixed at a concentration of 1.5% or according to the manufacturers’ instructions. 63 - The step of inject termiticides only applies to hazard nests identified in the living state. ❖ Grouting clay to fill termite nest cavities - This work is carried out after completing the injecting termite nests within a dam body to fill all cavities made by termites in a dam foundation, including all nests in the living or dead state. - The amount of clay powder is calculated for each termite nest. The type of clay powder used to fill the hollow cavities of termite nests is produced and sold on the market, packed at 50kg/bag, which is used for drilling and grouting for irrigation works. - Grouting equipment is a system including: a grout generator, a pressure generator, and a pressure vessel containing grout solution. To pump the grout, it is necessary to gradually increase the injection pressure, but not more than 2 atm and keep until the borehole is full of grout to ensure that the clay grout solution goes far along the traffic caves of a termite nest. In the process of grouting, if there is a phenomenon of grout being sprayed out of the substrate, the grouting must be stopped and those places must be filled with clay, then continue. - After injecting clay grout to fill a borehole, use elastic clay to fill it and compact it. The solution to fill the cavity is clay grout. Grouting is carried out by mixing clay powder and stirring it with water by machine. The mixing ratio between clay and water is 1/1. The clay grout density is 1.2 -1.3 g/cm3. 2.5.2 Dam Safety Plan A dam safety report (DSR) for 04 reservoirs and a dam safety inspection report (DSIR) for 12 reservoirs were prepared for the subproject in 2019. Objectives of a dam safety report (DSR) and dam safety inspection report (DSIR) including: - Support the implementation of the program to ensure the safety of water reservoirs by repairing and upgrading priority dams, strengthening capacity for safe dam management and operation in order to protect the project area’s population, infrastructure, and socio-economics. - Repair and upgrade lakes and dams that have been degraded or lack flood discharge capacity to restore and assure the safety of the works. - Improve institutions and policies on management and monitoring of dam safety at the national level, strengthen management capacity, operation and coordination information mechanism in the basin. - Ensure stable irrigation capacity for crops; Minimize negative impacts on the environment and landscape of the lake bed and downstream. - Ensure dam safety and stability and restore design functions by repairing, upgrading and equipping forecasting and operating equipment. - Restore and ensure the safety of the works through repair and upgrading of reservoirs and dams that have been degraded or lack flood discharge capacity. - Improve institutions and policies on management and monitoring of dam safety at the national level, strengthen management capacity, operation and coordination information mechanism in the basin. - Improve project management and implementation capacity, environmental and social management. - Improve livelihoods, improve the quality of life for local people in the project area, and promote socioeconomic development by effectively promoting investment in rural infrastructure; approaching and applying scientific and technological advances in agricultural production; minimizing arable land loss, increasing intensive farming, and 64 diversifying agriculture; providing stable job opportunities for people, contributing to sustainable poverty reduction, assisting people in better accessing services such as health, education, markets, cultural exchanges, beliefs, and so on, lowering production and transportation costs, and enhancing agricultural product exchange and trade, all while actively contributing to the construction of the New Rural Program and the locality’s socioeconomic development strategy. In addition, the report’s objectives are to present, analyze, and make recommendations on: a) all conditions that may affect the safety of the dams and their associated facilities; b) the consequences of the dam or substructure breaking or being unable to work due to harsh natural conditions, human errors, or structural faults; and c) the institutional framework (now and in the future) required to avoid or minimize adverse conditions for dam safety. After the completion of the review at the subproject screening stage, the CPMU of MARD should provide a DSR for each subproject which is identified during the project implementation stage and sent to the international dam safety (PoE) and the World Bank for review. The report must include findings and recommendations for any relating safety issues and necessary actions to be taken. The dam safety measures should be integrated into the design, construction and operation of the reservoirs. Dam structure review and analysis: The dam structure review and evaluation will include, but not be limited to, the following: - Review of the geological documents and material sources with attention to potential adverse effects that may occur due to the predictable geological features. Unforeseen conditions are assessed, and countermeasures are implemented to ensure the safety and operation of the dams and works. - Assessment of the suitability of the types of dams and spillways, the response of the dam design, including the proposed measures for soil treatment, excavation, load characteristics of the selected substrate, permeability and pressure exertion control measures. The safety point of view for any abnormalities or omissions and measures to be taken will be paid attention to. - Assessment of the stability, strength analysis and safety factors in normal, abnormal and extreme load conditions for soil dams and concrete dams, spillway structure and drainage works, including the determination of geological impact criteria. - Consideration of factors like reservoir stability, landslide formation, waves, and its effects on dam stability; - Consideration of the hydrological calculation method that determines the design flood of the project, reservoirs and spillway size; review of the designs of the spillways, e.g. the flow conditions and the tilling basins; assessment of the discharge capacity of the spillways corresponding to all design flood indicators that dams will not be damaged. - Considerations for the water intake and discharge works, including hydraulic designs, emergency dewatering capacity, and sedimentation processes in the reservoirs. - Assessment of the design of the spillways and out-door controls, including the selection of the number and types of outlets and valves, lifting equipment and other controlling mechanisms. Particular attention should be given to back-up systems to operate spillways which have gates and draining facilities in the event of operational and power failure. - Review of the design of the flow diversion works, construction progress, hydrology, and the risk factors associated with the flow diversion during the flow construction and filling process at the beginning stage of the reservoir water accumulation. 65 - Consideration of the suitability of the instrumentation, especially those instruments or markers which are required in the prediction of serious hazards or dam breakage. - Consideration of the operation and maintenance procedures and the emergency response plan of the dam owners, including the assessment of subproject operation and maintenance factors relating to dam safety and operators’ capacity assessment to be able to perform the maintenance and inspections of the safety of the dams. Review and assessment of dam safety risks: In addition to ensuring the dam’s structure safety, the project will assess potential risks of the dams to the population and the environment in downstream areas, including the relating works. Dam breakage may not occur, but if it does, the consequences will be serious. Regarding this content, during the project preparation, as part of the DSR/DSIR or ESMP, the subproject owners should conduct an assessment of potential risks to the downstream population or area. For large dams with high-risks, it needs to acquire comprehensive data during the preparation process, including topographic survey and downstream land use to simulate a downstream dam and flood breakdown under different conditions/scenarios to serve the preparation of the emergency response plans. Collecting data from upstream dams and/or watershed activities may also be necessary for some dams. Planning and implementing capacity building programs for the subprojects with pilot activities to promote active participation of local communities should be considered. Communities around the dams can participate in day-to-day monitoring to protect the dams from external destructors and they can join in simple maintenance tasks. A community participatory model for dam safety activities should be considered. Sedimentation and contamination of upstream water may be a serious problem for some river basins. The dam owners must commit to allocating funds for appropriate dam operation and management and to periodically surveying dam safety. The detailed dam safety assessment results and the dam safety management plan are presented in Subproject 3’s Dam Safety Report. 2.6 Time and Cost of Implementation Total investment: VND 208,549,055,000 Construction duration: 8 months Signing construction contract and starting construction: 11/2021 Completion of construction: 6/2022 Activities performed after the loan closing date will be paid with the provincial counterpart funds (if any). 2.7 Operation and Maintenance Plans for Reservoirs Reservoir water regulation: Dam owners must develop reservoir regulation procedures governing water storage and discharge in normal and emergency situations and submit them to the appropriate authorities for approval and implementation. In addition, an information and communication system for each from the reservoir headworks to the canal system, especially in flood seasons, must be established and maintained for continuous communication between the reservoir operators and the local people’s committees of the districts, towns, and communes where the exploiters are located, as well as with the Flood Prevention Agency of the province. Operating valves: the dam owners must develop and submit for approval from the authorized agencies or issue regulating documents within their authorization on valve operation authorities and operation procedures. The procedures must include regime and test operations for the valves that are not regularly operated, including back-up valves. The 66 operation and test operations of these valves must be recorded in the operation handbooks of the reservoirs. Monitoring of Dams and Hydro-climatic parameters: Conduct monitoring of reservoir water levels and other parameters as set up by the design consultants. Dam maintenance: Dam owners must specify the maintenance content and periods of each work component and equipment. Maintenance of the dam and equipment must be carried out on a regular basis to ensure the reliability and safety of the works, as well as to make sure that any malfunctions can be detected easily and timely, and to ensure the aesthetic value of the works. Dam inspection: Dam owners must inspect dams in accordance with the regulated content and procedure, which includes: (i) regular inspection via analyzing and assessing measurement data, monitoring data, and field surveys; (ii) periodical inspection before and after the annual flood season; and (iii) sudden inspection after heavy rain, earthquake, or any damage. If there is any severe damage to a dam, inspections and surveys must be conducted to identify the reasons, scope, and damage level; take actions to prevent and ensure dam safety to protect the dam and downstream areas. Dam rehabilitation, repair, and upgrading: The rehabilitation, repair, and upgrading of dams must be pursuant to the applicable regulations on construction investment when dams are degraded and do not meet the safety standards, or spillway flood discharge is insufficient as designed, that may affect the dam’s safety. Dam safety inspection: Dam owners are responsible for routine dam inspections, as outlined in Decree No.114/2018/ND-CP on dam safety management. 67 CHAPTER III. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK 3.1 Government Regulations * Laws - Law on Environmental Protection No.72/2020/QH14 adopted by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on November 17, 2020 and being effect fully from January 1, 2022. - Law No.60/2020/QH14 Law amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Natural Disaster Prevention and Control and Law on Dikes, dated June 17, 2020, effective on July 1, 2021; . - Law on Environmental Protection No.55/2014/QH13 issued by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 23/06/2014 and effective since July 2015. This Law provides the regulations on environmental protection activities, policies, measures, resources, rights, obligations and responsibilities of agencies, organizations, households and individuals in the environmental protection. - Land Law No.45/2013/QH13 approved by the National Assembly of Vietnam on November 29, 2013, regulating the land ownership regime, powers and responsibilities of the State which is the representative of the land ownership of the whole people and unifies the management and use regime of land, rights and obligations of land-users in respect of land within the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. - Law on Natural Disaster Prevention No.33/2013/QH13 approved by the National Assembly of Vietnam on June 19, 2013, regulating the natural disaster prevention and control, rights and obligations of agencies, organizations and household, individuals participating in the natural disaster prevention and control, state management and resources to ensure the prevention and control of natural calamities. - Law on Water Resources No.17/2012/QH13 by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 21 June 2012 on management, protection, exploitation and use of water resources, prevention and mitigation of damages caused by water in the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. - Law on Biological Diversity No.20/2008/QH12 issued by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 13 November 2008 on conservation and sustainable development of biodiversity, rights and obligations of organizations, households and individuals in the conservation and sustainable development of biodiversity. - Law on Construction No.50/2014/QH13 by National Assembly, Session VII, on June 18, 2014. - Law on Road Traffic No.23/2008/QH12 issued on 13/11/2008. - Law on Complaint No.02/2011/QH13 issued on 11/11/2011. - Law on Cultural Heritage No.10/VBHN-VPQH issued on 23/07/2013. - Law on Labor Safety and Health No.84/2015/QH13 issued on 25/06/2015. - Law on Dykes No.79/2006/QH11 issued on November 29, 2006. - Law on Irrigation No.08/2017/QH14 was approved by the National Assembly on 19/06/2017. - Law on Plant Protection and Quarantine No.41/2013/QH13 issued on 25/11/2013. * Decrees and Resolutions 68 - Decree No.53/2020/ND-CP dated May 5, 2013 of the Government on environmental protection charging on wastewater. - Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province. - Decree No.40/019/ND-CP dated May 13, 2019 of the Government amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Decree detailing and guiding the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection. - Decree No.65/2019/ND-CP amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government's Decree No.104/2017/ND-CP dated September 14, 2017 on penalties for administrative violations in the field of disaster prevention, exploitation and protection of irrigation works and dikes. - Decree No.100/2019/ND-CP on regulations on administrative sanctions in the field of road and railway traffic. - Decree No.114/2018/ND-CP dated September 4, 2018 of the Government on dam safety management. - Decree No.67/2018/ND-CP dated May 14, 2018 detailing a number of articles of the Law on Irrigation. - Decree No.104/2017/ND-CP dated September 14, 2017 of the Government on sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of disaster prevention, exploitation and protection of irrigation works and dikes. - Decree No.155/2016/ND-CP dated 18/11/2016 of the Government, providing for the sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection. - Decree No.38/2015/ND-CP dated 24/04/2015 by the Government on waste management and waste material. - Decree No.18/2015/ND-CP dated 14/02/2015 by the Government on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan. - Decree No.44/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government on land prices. - Decree No.47/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government providing for Support for households whose land is temporarily affected when the State recovers land. - Decree No.67/2012/ND-CP of the Government, amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government's Decree No.143/2003/ND-CP of November 28, 2003, detailing the implementation of Article of the Ordinance on the exploitation and protection of irrigation works. - Decree No.113/2010/ND-CP dated 03/12/2010 of the Government on the determination of damage to the environment. - Decree No.112/2008/ND-CP dated October 20, 2008 by the Government on management, protection and integrated exploitation of natural resources and environment of hydropower and reservoirs. - Decree No.120/2008/ND-CP dated 01/12/2008 of the Government on river basin management. - Decree No.113/2007/ND-CP on detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Dykes. 69 * Circulars - Circular No.10/2020/TT-BNNPTNT on the list of pesticides allowed and banned in Vietnam. - Circular No.25/2019/TT-MONRE dated December 31, 2019 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment detailing the implementation of a number of articles of Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP dated May 13, 2019 of the Government amending and supplementing a number of articles of decrees detailing and guiding the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection and regulations on management of environmental monitoring services. - Circular No.04/2017-BXD of the Ministry of Construction on regulations on labor safety management in construction work. - Circular No.36/2014/TT-BTNMT dated 30/06/2014 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, detailing methods of land valuation, building and adjusting the land price table, specific land prices and land pricing consultancy. - Circular No.37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated 30/06/2014 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, providing detailed regulations on Support for households whose land is temporarily affected when the State recovers land. - Circular No.30/2014/TT-BTNMT on land allocation, land lease, change of land use purpose, land acquisition. - Circular No.36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30/06/2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on the management of hazardous waste. - Circular No.19/2011/BYT-TT dated 06/06/2011 of the Ministry of Health, guiding the management of labor hygiene, health of workers and occupational diseases. - Circular No.13/2007/TT-BXD dated 31/12/2007, guiding a number of articles of Government's Decree No.59/2007/ND-CP dated April 9, 2007 on solid waste management. - Circular No.34/2010/TT-BCT dated 07 October 2010 of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, regulating the dam safety management of hydropower projects. - Circular No.02/2018/TT-BXD dated February 6, 2018 of the Ministry of Construction regulating the environmental protection in the construction of works and the reporting regime on the environmental protection of the construction sector; * Decisions - Decision No.52/2012/QD-TTg dated 16/11/2012 of the Prime Minister on the policy to support job creation and vocational training for laborers whose agricultural land is acquired. - Decision No.3733/2002/QD-BYT dated 10/10/2002, issuing 21 labor sanitation standards, 05 principles and 07 labor sanitation criteria. - Government Directive No.21/CT-TTg dated 14 October 2013 on strengthening the management of reservoir safety; Applicable standards (i) Water quality - QCVN 01:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on drinking water quality. - QCVN 02:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on domestic water quality. 70 - QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality. - QCVN 09-MT: 2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on groundwater quality. - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater. - QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial wastewater quality. - QCVN 38:2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality to protect aquatic life. (ii) Soil quality - QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on limit of some heavy metals in soil. - QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on pesticide residues in the soil. - QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT: National technical regulation on sediment quality; (iii) Air quality - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on Ambient Air Quality. - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air; (iv) Noise and Vibration - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 24:2016/BYT: National technical regulation on noise. - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on vibration. - QCVN 24/2016/BYT - National technical regulation on noise - Allowable exposure level to noise in the workplace (v) Solid waste - QCVN 07:2009/BTNM: National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds; (vi) Other national technical regulations - QCVN 18:2014/BXD: National technical regulation on construction safety. - QCVN 04 05: 2012/BNNPTNT: National technical regulation on hydraulic structures – The basic stipulation for design. Legal documents provided by the Subproject Owner - Decision No.4638/QD-BNN-HTQT dated November 9, 2015 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development on “Approval of the F/S for the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) funded by the World Bank”. - Document No.7835/BNN-TCPR dated September 19, 2017 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development on the approval of the list of reservoirs under subproject 03 the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) Hoa Binh province. - Decision No.1654/QD-UBND dated July 22, 2020 of Hoa Binh PPC on the approval of the F/S for the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) funded by the World Bank – Subproject 3. Compliance in the environmental and social impact assessment 71 The subproject’s environmental and social impact assessment will be carried out in accordance with the World Bank and the Government’s environmental assessment procedures. In particular, it will be subject to the environmental and social management framework of the project that the WB reviewed and approved. Social and environmental screening will be conducted for each subproject to determine the appropriate size and type of the environmental assessment. Based on that, TOR will be prepared for environmental and social impact assessments in accordance with the subproject scope and the potential impacts expected from the subproject implementation. Environmental and social screening will be conducted by World Bank safeguard policy experts. The TOR for the environmental and social impact assessments will also be reviewed and approved by the World Bank Safeguard policy Specialists prior to the implementation of the environmental and social impact assessments. In the process of the environmental and social impact assessment, consultations with affected people and local NGOs should be conducted. The ESIA will be publicly available at the place of the subproject’s implementation in the Vietnamese language so that affected people and local NGOs can easily access it, and the English version will be available on the WB’s website before the evaluation of the subproject. 3.2 World Bank’s Safeguard Policies The objective of these policies is to prevent and minimize impacts on people and the natural environment during the development process. The safeguard policies provide a basis for stakeholders’ participation in the project designs and act as an important tool for building ownership among local people. The effectiveness and development of the WB’s projects and programs has been increasing significantly as a result of attention to these policies. The World Bank's safeguard policies are available on the website at http://web.worldbank.org, where the environmental protection policies are published. 3.2.1 Project Level The Project’s environmental and social screening has been conducted and indicated that the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies, such as Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04), Indigenous People (OP/BP 4.10), Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12), Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11), Pest Management (OP 4.09), Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37), and Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) will be applied to this Project. According to the screen results, the project is classified as Category A. In addition, it needs to comply with the World Bank’s requirements for public consultation and information disclosure. 3.2.2 Subproject Level Environmental Safeguard Policies OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dam OP 4.09 Pest Management OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources Social Safeguard Policies OP/BP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment 72 This policy is considered throughout the World Bank’s activity in identifying, avoiding, and mitigating potential negative environmental and social impacts linked with its financing activities. The objective of the environmental assessment is to improve decision-making, to guarantee that project options are assessed and sustainable, and to ensure that the community that will be impacted is consulted. The Borrower is in charge of the environmental assessment (EA), and the World Bank provides advice at the Borrower’s request. Projects are classified into four categories A, B, C, and FI based on their locations, sensitivity, scale, and the nature and magnitude of potential environmental impacts. This subproject has triggered OP 4.01 as it involves construction and operation activities of reservoirs that will have potential negative environmental and social impacts. Based on the results of the environmental screening, the subproject is classified as Category B. As defined in OP 4.01 and the Government’s environmental assessment regulations, this ESIA is prepared for the subproject to meet the requirements of the Government’s regulations and the World Bank’s safeguard policies. The ESIA for this subproject will be publicly disclosed to the locally-affected people and local authorities in the subproject area to ensure easy accessibility of locally-affected people and loca NGOs. The ESIA report will also be disclosed on the World Bank’s external website. OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams This policy is triggered for the whole project because of the safe operation of dams relating to the socio-economic development and environment. When borrowing from the World Bank for construction of new dams, the borrower must propose a dam safeguard policy based on opinions of experienced and responsible experts in charge of design and construction supervision and that borrower, by way of the dam safety measures, will implement them throughout the project life cycle. This policy also applies to the restoration and enhancement of existing dams that have an impact on a project's performance. A dam safety assessment should be conducted in this case, and additional dam safety measures should be proposed. WB staff should consider essential actions with clients in suitable circumstances to strengthen the institutional, legal, and regulatory environment for dam safety programs in that country, according to OP 4.37. OP 4.09: Pest Management A pest management policy’s aim is to reduce and control the environmental and health risks of pesticide use by promoting and supporting safe, effective, and ecologically friendly approaches. The nature and extent of the risks involved in pesticide procurement in a Bank- financed project must be analyzed, taking into account the proposed and intended use. The Bank supports a strategy to encourage the use of biological control approaches and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides to manage pests that damage agriculture or public health. In World Bank loan projects, the borrower addresses pest management issues in accordance with the environmental assessment of the project. The Bank will evaluate the borrower’s competence, legal and institutional framework to promote and support a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly pest management program during the evaluation of a project related to pest management. The subproject’s implementation has no effect on reservoir capacity, irrigation area in the downstream area, or crop structure in the subproject area. Damaged sewers will be repaired, and the problem of water loss will be solved, resulting in more stable irrigation water regulation for the subproject area during the drought season. The original irrigation capacity and size of the reservoirs can be restored, allowing agricultural crops to be planted in water-stressed areas during the drought season. On the other hand, when there is enough irrigation water, it can lead to changes in some cultivars and planting areas. As a result, both the amount of pesticides and fertilizers used in the restored region and the number of pests in the subproject area will increase. On the other hand, if termite-killing chemicals are not properly handled in the dam body, residues and inappropriate disposal of designated areas, 73 as well as rainwater overflowing with termite-killing chemicals, have an impact on the surrounding ecosystem. Thus, the subproject has triggered the Pest Management Policy (OP 4.09). OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources This policy has been triggered because the subproject’s construction activities may have an impact on Thuong Temple due to material transportation and construction. Furthermore, because the subproject contains earthworks, an Intangible Cultural Resource may be discovered. Mitigation measures are proposed in the section of specific mitigation measures, and the ECOP will include measures to deal with the Chance-finds. OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary resettlement The Involuntary Resettlement Policy is to address long-term difficulties, poverty and environmental impacts on affected people during a resettlement process. OP 4.12 applies regardless of whether an affected person is relocated or not. The WB describes all processes and results of “involuntary resettlement” or simply resettlement, even when affected people are not required to relocate. When the government has the right to acquisition of land or other assets and the affected people have no choice but to maintain their current livelihood, the resettlement is involuntary. This policy is applied because this subproject causes effects on involuntary or temporary involuntary land acquisition and loss of affected land-relating structures and assets for the construction of the subproject. After appraisal, the subproject prepared and disseminated a resettlement policy framework and a resettlement plan. The Resettlement Policy Framework and the Resettlement Plan include measures to ensure that displaced persons (i) are informed of resettlement options; (ii) are consulted and select alternative resettlement options; and (iii) are compensated and supported for livelihood restoration. OP 4.10 Indigenous peoples This policy definition says that ethnic minorities can be defined in particular geographical areas by the presence of varying degrees of the following characteristics: - Identifying themselves as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and being recognized for this feature by others. - Living closely in their own geographic or territorial habitats, they were separated from their ancestors in the subproject areas and close to the nature of such habitats and territories. - Their cultural, economic, social or political institutions are traditionally different from those of the majority of cultures and societies. - Native languages are often different from the official languages of such a region or country. The obligatory conditions for approving an investment project: OP 4.10 requires a borrower to undertake consultations and disclosures of information with ethnic minorities that are possibly affected and to establish a broad community support model for its subprojects and objectives. A WB-financed project must include calculations to (a) avoid potential negative impacts on ethnic minority communities; or (b) when avoiding is not possible, measures to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for impacts should be proposed. This policy is applied because Muong EMs in 15 communes are affected by agricultural, forestry, and garden land. WBG EHS Guidelines 74 The Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines (EHS) by the World Bank Group (WBG)/International Finance Corporation (IFC) were introduced in 2008. This is an important guideline on environmental, health, and safety protection in industrial development and other projects. It set out the goals to be achieved and measures to be taken to deliver the best results at reasonable costs. This guideline can be found at the website http://www.ifc.org. World Bank’s Policy on Access to Information In addition to the environmental safeguard policies to promote transparency and accountability, WB issued the Information Access Policy relating to proposed safeguard measures. It sets out the policy to support borrowers’ decision-making by allowing them to access information relating to social and environmental aspects of such projects at websites in native language, which is easy to understand and intuitive. The WB ensures that relevant environmental and social protection documents relating to such projects as well as the preparation procedures relating to subprojects are introduced timely prior to the appraisal. The World Bank’s Information Access Policy requires disclosure of information in both English and Vietnamese languages and meets the World Bank’s standards. Table 9. Summary of Environmental Assessment Processes of WB & Government The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No.18/2015/ND- assessment Assessment) CP, Decree process No.40/2019/ND-CP, Circular No.25/2019/TT- BTNMT) Screening - List of categories (A, B, C, FI) - Categories: I, II, III and IV of - It is not mandatory for each specific Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP. case to classify, apply safeguard - Rules and regulations in policies, and determine an Appendix I, II and III List of environmental assessment tool (EA). projects requiring submission of - The World Bank will classify a SEA and EIA reports for proposed project into one of four approval. categories, including A, B, C, or FI, - All projects are not listed. depending on Category, location, - The Subproject Owners classify sensitivity, scale, and nature of the their projects based on the project. The importance of its classification as stated in Decree potential environmental impacts. No.18/2015/ND-CP, Decree - Category A: A full environmental No.40/2019/ND-CP and consult impact assessment is required. In with the Department of Natural some cases. The social and Resources and Environment environmental management (DONRE) or Vietnam framework is required, too. Environment Administration - Category B: ESIA, social and (VEA) to categorize and require environmental management EA reports such as: framework, or social and • Projects fall into environmental management plan are Appendixes: I, II, III: SEA or required. In most cases, a social and EIA are required. environmental management • Projects fall into Appendix framework and/or social and IV: no EIA and EPP are environmental management plan are required. required. • Projects fall into - Category C: there is no EA action. Appendixes: I, II, III and IV: - Category FI: the social and EPP is required. 75 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No.18/2015/ND- assessment Assessment) CP, Decree process No.40/2019/ND-CP, Circular No.25/2019/TT- BTNMT) environmental management framework is the most commonly tool. In the case of a number of subprojects that have been identified before the appraisal. The FI will prepare specific tools based on the frameworks, e.g. the ESIA or social and environment management plan. Environmental - Depending on the project impacts, a - The EA tools like SEA, EIA or assessment tools range of tools are used to meet the EPP are identified based on World Bank’s requirements, Appendixes: I, II, III and IV of including: environmental and social Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP.. management framework; specific environmental assessment; environmental and social management plan; regional and sectoral EA; risk or hazard assessment; Environmental audit. The World Bank provides general guidelines for implementing each tool. Scope of - The World Bank helps the borrower - TOR for EA is not required. environmental to draft the TOR for EA and to - Normally, after consultation assessment determine the EA scope, procedures, with the local DONRE or the timetable, and outline of an EA Environmental Department report. (VEA) about the type of EA, the - The Category A project requires an subproject owner will prepare ESIA TOR and the determination of an EA report. scope and consultation will be necessary to prepare the TOR for the environmental assessment report. Public - During the EA, the Borrower must - The project owner is responsible consultation consult with affected groups and for consulting with the People's local NGOs on the environmental Committee of the commune, aspects of the project and focus their ward or township (hereinafter views. referred to as the commune) - For -Category A project, the where the project is being borrower must consult with these implemented, consulting with groups at least twice: (a) immediately organizations or communities following the environmental directly affected by the project, inspection and prior to the and researching and receiving completion of the EA TOR; and (b) objective opinions and requests once a draft EA report has been from relevant agencies to prepared. In addition, the Borrower minimize negative impacts on will consult with these groups the natural environment, throughout the project biodiversity, and public health. implementation process as needed to - CPCs where a project is 76 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No.18/2015/ND- assessment Assessment) CP, Decree process No.40/2019/ND-CP, Circular No.25/2019/TT- BTNMT) address issues relating to EA that implemented and affected affect them. organizations will be consulted. - For Category B project, there should Project owner is responsible for be at least one community submitting the EIA report to the consultation meeting. commune-level people's committees where the project is - For meaningful consultations, the implemented and organized and borrower provides relevant project directly affects, together with a documents in a timely manner prior written request for comment. to the consultation in a form and Within 15 working days from language that the group can the date on which an EIA report understand and be accessible to. is received, the commune-level - The minutes of the public meeting are people’s committees and included in the report. organizations under the direct impact of the project are obliged to submit their responses if they do not approve the project. - The public consultation is carried out in the form of community meetings co-chaired by the Subproject Owner and the commune people’s committees where the project is implemented together with the participation of local mass organizations like Vietnam Fatherland Front, socio-political organizations, socio- professional organizations, population quarters, and villages/hamlets. All opinions of participants in the meetings must be fully and truthfully presented in the minutes of the meeting. Public Information - Before the World Bank conducts a - After the EIA report is project appraisal, the EA report must approved, the Subproject Owner be made public in a way that is easily is responsible for preparing, accessible to project-affected groups approving and publicly and local NGOs. When the World displaying EMP at the local Bank officially receives the report, Commune People's Committee the World Bank will publish the office, in consultation with the report in English to the public via its community for people’s website. information, inspection, monitoring. (Article 16 of Decree No.18/2015/ND-CP and Article 16 of Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP). 77 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No.18/2015/ND- assessment Assessment) CP, Decree process No.40/2019/ND-CP, Circular No.25/2019/TT- BTNMT) Independent - For -Category A project, the - This content is not regulated by environmental borrower retains an independent EA Vietnamese policy. specialists specialist who has no contact with the - The Subproject Owner shall project to implement EA. implement or hire a consulting - For a high-risk -Category A project unit which satisfies the or a project with multi-dimensional conditions specified in Clause 1, environmental concerns, the borrower Article 13 of Decree will also hire a consultative group of No.18/2015 to prepare an EIA independent environmental report. Subproject owners or specialists with international consultancy companies must qualifications to advise on the project fully meet the following aspects relating to EA. conditions: (i) EIA staff must - Specialists/consultancy companies have at least a BA degree and an will be selected through bidding EIA consultancy certificate; (ii) under the close supervision of the specialized project staff must World Bank. have university or higher degrees; (iii) laboratory and testing equipment certified for measuring, sampling, processing, and analyzing environmental samples for the project's environmental impact assessment. In the absence of a laboratory, the calibration equipment must meet the requirements and there must be a contract with a qualified unit. EA - The WB reviews EA’s findings and - The Ministry of Natural review/approval recommendations to determine if it Resources and Environment process provides sufficient grounds for the appraises and approves EIA Bank to process the project. When a reports for the projects specified borrower has completed all or part of in Appendix III to this Decree, the environmental assessment before excluding those relating to the bank participates in a project, the defense and security. Bank will consider the environmental - The Ministries or the assessment to ensure its consistency ministerial-level agencies shall with this policy. The Bank may, appraise and approve EIA where appropriate, request additional reports on projects under their environmental assessments, including competence for investment public consultation and disclosure. approval, except for projects listed in Appendix III to this Decree; - The Provincial People's Committees conduct appraisal and approval of EIA reports for projects in their provinces, except the projects mentioned 78 The stages in the WB Vietnam environmental (OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental (Decree No.18/2015/ND- assessment Assessment) CP, Decree process No.40/2019/ND-CP, Circular No.25/2019/TT- BTNMT) above. - The appraisal will take place at least 45 working days at the MONRE level, 30 working days at the DONRE's level, and 5 working days at the district level after receipt of full Environmental Impact Assessment or full EPP. The number - The number of copies is not - A subproject owner must submit and languages specified. at least seven environmental of the EA/EIA - Language requirements: English and impact assessment reports to be evaluated Vietnamese. EA reports in (depending on the number of Vietnamese are required for domestic appraisal committee members) disclosure and must be in English for and one feasibility study or publication on the World Bank’s Technology Economic Report website. for a proposed project. Content of EA - For -Category A project, the content - The content of an EA report report of an EA report is in line with must be in line with Circular Appendix B of OP4.01. No.25/2019/TT-BTNMT. - The EA scope for -Category B project may vary depending on each project, but the EA’s scope is narrower than that of Category A project. An environmental and social management plan is an integral part of an EA of Category A project (regardless of other tools to be used). An EA for Category B project may also be an environmental and social management plan with the content set out in Appendix C of OP 4.01. EA Monitoring - During the project implementation, - The DONRE is entrusted with the World Bank will supervise the monitoring the environmental implementation of the environmental compliance of the projects. aspects on the basis of environmental - At the end of the project regulations and the Borrower construction phases, the arranges reports of the agreement in Environmental Management the Loan Agreement and in other Agency will coordinate with the project documents to determine if the Construction Management compliance of the Borrower's Agency to monitor the Environmental Procedures (mainly compliance of the with EMP) is satisfactory. If the environmental management compliance is not satisfactory, the activities stated in the EAs. World Bank will discuss this with the borrower to ensure compliance, if necessary. 79 CHAPTER IV. NATURAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 4.1 Natural Conditions 4.1.1 Geography Hoa Binh is a mountainous province. It is a terrain that connects from the Red River Delta to the Northwest mountainous region. It is a gateway of the Northwest region and is about 76 km far from the center of Hanoi capital. Figure 1. Administrative Map of Hoa Binh Province The geographic coordinates include 20o18’ to 21o08’ North latitude, 104o52’ to 1104o52’ East longitude. The natural area of the province is 4,608 km2, with the following adjacent locations to the provinces/cities: The North borders on Phu Tho province. The East borders on Hanoi capital. The West borders on Son La province. The South and Southeast borders on Ha Nam and Ninh Binh provinces. The South and Southwest borders on Thanh Hoa province. 4.1.2 Topography and Soil Conditions The main topography of Hoa Binh province is highly mountainous, complicatedly divided, without wide fields (like Lai Chau and Son La provinces), steep Northwest - Southeast. The geological tectonic movement over centuries created different geomorphological regions in the province. ➢ The topography is divided into three distinct areas: 80 The high mountainous terrain is distributed in the Northwest, The average height above the sea level is about 600 – 700 m. There are a number of peaks over 1,000 m high, of which the highest is Phu Canh, Phu Tuc (Da Bac district) 1,373 m high, followed by Duc Nhan peak (Da Bac district) 1,320 m high, and Psi Lung peak (Mai Chau district) 1,287 m high. The topography consists of low mountains, complicatedly divided by faults, fractures, subsidence of the Red River sag in the central area. The average altitude above the sea level is about 250-300m, of which in Tan Lac is 318m, Lac Son and Ky Son is 300m, Kim Boi is 310m, and Luong Son is 251m. The hilly topography is interspersed with fields, distributed in the Southeast region of the province, with an average altitude of 40 m - 100 m, of which in Lac Thuy district is 51 m and Yen Thuy district is 42 m. ➢ Terrain: Hoa Binh is a province with a relatively low slope compared to the provinces in the Northwest region. The results determined on the land map of 1/10,000 scale of the province show the following: + Land steeping 0-15o accounts for 44.86% + Land steeping 15-20o accounts for 19.25% + Land steeping 20-35o accounts for 28.02% + The remaining is land steeping over 35o (Source: Report on assessment of the desertification risk, building a pilot model on sustainable agro- forestry development in Hoa Binh province, 2008) 4.1.3 Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology Engineering Geology: To evaluate the geological conditions in the subproject area, the design consultants drilled to survey the geological conditions (08 boreholes/1 reservoir area). The geological structure in the subproject area is relatively complicated. The stratigraphy of each main dam area is divided into layers downwards as follows: a. Luong Bai reservoir area First soil layer: (symbol 1): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HLB ĐĐ, HLB VP, HLB VT, HLB HPR., HLB HL, HLB TPR., HLB THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow-brown, gray-brown, mixed with gravel, hard elastic state, medium load capacity, medium deformation, average water permeability. Second soil layer: (symbol 2): Found on the first soil layer in the boreholes: HLB ĐĐ, HLB VT, HLB PR., HLB HL, HLB TPR. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow-brown, gray-brown, mixed with gravel, soft elastic state, weak load capacity, high deformation, low water permeability. Third soil layer: (symbol 3): Found on the second soil layer in the boreholes: HLB ĐĐ, HLB VP, HLB HPR., HLB HL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow-brown, gray-brown, gray-white, mixed with gravel, hard state, strong load capacity, low deformation, low water permeability. Fourth soil layer: (symbol 4): Found on the third soil layer in the borehole: HLB ĐĐ. The main components of this soil layer are: weathered rock, dark gray, blue gray, high load capacity low deformation. 81 b. Thuong reservoir area First soil layer: (symbol 1): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HT ĐĐ, HT VP, HT VT. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, yellow-brown, hard elastic state, medium load capacity, medium deformation, average water permeability. Second soil layer: (symbol 2): Found on the first soil layer in the boreholes: HT ĐĐ, HT VP, HT PR, HT HL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow- brown, mahogany brown, mixed with gravel, flowing elastic state, very weak load capacity, high deformation, very high-water permeability. Third soil layer: (symbol 3): Found on the second soil layer in the boreholes: HT ĐĐ, under the first soil layer of the boreholes, HT PR., HT HL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, pink brown, brown, soft elastic state, weak load capacity, high deformation, high water permeability. Fourth soil layer: (symbol 4): Found on the third soil layer in the borehole: HT ĐĐ. The main components of this soil layer are: bedrock, dark gray, blue gray, gray-white, high load capacity low deformation. Fifth soil layer: (symbol 5): Found on the first soil layer in the boreholes: HT VT, HT TPR, HT THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow-brown, mahogany brown, mixed with gravel, soft elastic state, weak load capacity, high deformation, very high-water permeability. c. Sung reservoir area First soil layer: (symbol 1): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HS ĐĐ, HS VP, HS VT, HS HPR, HS HL, HS TPR, HS THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow-brown, gray-brown, mixed with gravel, semi-hard state, medium load capacity, medium deformation, average water permeability. Second soil layer: (symbol 2): Found on the first soil layer in the boreholes: HS ĐĐ, HS VP, HS VT, HS HPR, HS HL, HS TPR, HS THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, yellow-brown, soft elastic state, weak load capacity, high deformation, low water permeability. Third soil layer: (symbol 3): Found on the second soil layer in the borehole: HS ĐĐ. The main components of this soil layer are: bedrock, blue gray, gray-white, strong load capacity, low deformation. d. Khoang Chia reservoir area Layer 1d: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Located in the old dam body. Composition: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Soil layer thickness at borehole KD2: 3.1m. Layer 1b: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. Located on the topographical surface at the foot of the dam upstream and downstream. Composition: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.2  1.5m. 82 Layer 1a: loam clay, brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. Located right below the filling soil layer for the dam body and close to the soft clay mud layer to flowing elastic state at the foot of the dam upstream. Composition: loam clay, brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.0m  1.5m. Layer 2: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. Located right on the topography of the hillside on both sides of the dam shoulders and just below the filling soil layer at the dam site. Composition: loam clay brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  2.0m. Layer 3: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, hard elastic state to semi-hard state. Located right below the loam clay layer, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. Composition: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, hard elastic state to semi-hard state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  2.5m. Layer 4: Laterite (Latestone), brown, pretty solid. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphy on the geological profile along the dam route on the left shoulder and is partially exposed on the topography surface of the spillway weight. Composition: Laterite (Latestone), brown, pretty solid. Layer 5: sandstone siltstone, brown, extreme weathering. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphic profile along the dam route on the right shoulder. Composition: sandstone siltstone, brown, extreme weathering. e. Ngoc Vo reservoir area Layer 1d: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Located in the old dam body. Composition: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Soil layer thickness at borehole KD2: 8.5m. Layer 1b: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, dark gray, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. Located on the terrain surface at the foot of the dam upstream. Composition: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, dark gray, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5  2.0m. Layer 1a: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. located right below the filling soil layer for the dam body and close to the soft clay mud layer to flowing elastic state at the foot of the dam upstream. Composition: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.0m  2.0m 83 Layer 2: loam clay, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. located right on the surface of the hillside terrain on both sides of the dam and right under the loam clay layer, brown, yellow-brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state at the dam site. Composition: loam clay, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m to several meters Layer 3: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit (10-15%), hard elastic state to semi-hard state. Located right below the loam clay layer, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. Composition: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit (10-15%), hard elastic state to semi-hard state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  3.0m Layer 4: Soil with few stones and ruins, brown, gray-brown, patchy as a completely weathered product from siltstone lying in place, tight texture, hard. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphy on the geological profile of the dam area. Composition: Soil with few stones and ruins, brown, gray-brown, patchy as a completely weathered product from siltstone lying in place, tight texture, hard. f. Vo Queo reservoir area Layer 1d: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Located in the old dam body. Composition: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, containing grit, tight texture, and hard elastic state. Soil layer thickness at borehole KD2: 5.4m Layer 1b: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. Located on the topographical surface at the foot of the dam upstream and downstream. Composition: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5  2.0m. Layer 1a: loam clay, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. Located right below the filling soil layer for the dam body and close to the soft clay mud layer to flowing elastic state. Composition: loam clay, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.0m  1.5m Layer 2: loam clay, brown, containing grit, hard elastic state. Located right on the surface of the hillside terrain on both sides of the dam and right under the loam clay layer brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state at the dam site. Composition: loam clay, brown, containing grit, hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  4.0m Layer 3: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, hard elastic state to semi-hard state. Located right below the loam clay layer, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. Composition: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, and 84 hard elastic state to semi-hard state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 2.0m  2.5m Layer 4a: Soil with few stones and ruins, as a completely weathered product from siltstone lying in place, tight texture, hard. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphy on the geological cross-section along the dam route. Composition: Soil with few stones and ruins, as a completely weathered product from siltstone lying in place, tight texture, hard. g. Me reservoir area First soil layer: (symbol 1): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HM ĐĐ, HM VP, HM VT, HM PR., HM HL, HM TPR, HM THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, yellow-brown, gray-brown, hard elastic state, medium load capacity, medium deformation, average water permeability. Second soil layer: (symbol 2): Found on the surface in the borehole: HM ĐĐ. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, gray-brown, gray, mixed with gravel, hard state, strong load capacity, low deformation, average water permeability. Third soil layer: (symbol 3): Found on the second soil layer in the borehole: HM ĐĐ, HM PR. The main components of this soil layer are: weathered rock blue gray, dark gray, strong load capacity, low deformation, low water permeability. h. Du reservoir area First soil layer: (symbol 1): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HD ĐĐ, HD VP, HD VT. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow-brown, gray-brown, pink brown, sepia, mixed with gravel, soft elastic state, medium load capacity, medium deformation, and medium water permeability. Second soil layer: (symbol 1A): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HD VT, below the first layer in the borehole: HD HL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow-brown, gray-brown, pink brown, sepia, mixed with gravel, hard state, strong load capacity, low deformation, weak water permeability. Third soil layer: (symbol 2): Found on the first soil layer in the boreholes: HD ĐĐ, HD VT, below the second layer in the borehole: HD HL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow-brown, gray-white, mixed with gravel, hard state, strong load capacity, low deformation, and weak water permeability. Fourth soil layer: (symbol 3): Found on the second soil layer in the borehole: HD ĐĐ, below the third layer in the borehole: HD VT. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, purple, mixing with weathered remnants, hard state, strong load capacity, and low deformation. Fifth soil layer: (symbol 4): Found just below the third layer of soil in the borehole HD ĐĐ, Found on the second soil layer in the borehole HD TPR, HD THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, pink brown, gray-white, mixing with weathered remnants, hard state, strong load capacity, low deformation. Sixth soil layer: (symbol 5): Found on the second soil layer in the borehole: HD VT. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow gray, mixed with white quartz pebbles, very hard state, strong load capacity, and low deformation. 85 Seventh soil layer: (symbol 6): Found on the first soil layer in the boreholes: HD PR. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow-brown, gray-brown, pink brown, sepia, mixed with gravel, flowing elastic state, weak load capacity, high deformation, very high-water permeability. i. Tha reservoir area Layer 1d: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, containing grit, tight texture, and hard elastic state. Located on the upper half of the old dam body. Composition: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, containing grit, tight texture, and hard elastic state. Soil layer thickness at borehole KD2: 6.7m. Layer 1đ: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, containing grit, water saturation, and soft elastic state to hard elastic state. Located on the lower half of the old dam body. Composition: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, containing grit, water saturation, and soft elastic state to hard elastic state. Soil layer thickness at borehole KD2: 3.9m. Layer 1b: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. Located on the terrain surface at the foot of the dam upstream. Composition: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5  2.7m. Layer 1a: loam clay, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. located right below the filling soil layer for the dam body and close to the soft clay mud layer to flowing elastic state at the foot of the dam upstream, located right on the surface of the hillside terrain on upper dam foot. Composition: loam clay, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 2.0m  3.0m. Layer 2: loam clay, brown, containing grit, hard elastic state. Located right on the surface of the hillside terrain on both sides of the dam. Composition: loam clay, brown, containing grit, hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  2.0m Layer 3: loam clay, brown, containing grit diluvial deposit (7-10%), hard elastic state to semi- hard state. Located right below the loam clay layer, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. Composition: loam clay, brown, containing grit diluvial deposit (7-10%), hard elastic state to semi-hard state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m to several meters. Layer 4: sandstone siltstone, brown, strong weathering. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphy on the geological cross-section along the dam route. Composition: sandstone siltstone, brown, strong weathering. j. Dom reservoir area 86 First soil layer: (symbol 1): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HĐ ĐĐ, HĐ VP, HĐ VT, HĐ PR., HĐ HL, HĐ TPR, HĐ THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, yellow-brown, sepia, mixed with gravel, soft elastic state, medium load capacity, medium deformation, average water permeability. Second soil layer: (symbol 2): Found on the second soil layer in the boreholes: HĐ ĐĐ, HĐ VP, HĐ VT, HĐ PR., HĐ HL, HĐ TPR, HĐ THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, sepia, hard state, strong load capacity, low deformation, low water permeability. Third soil layer: (symbol 3): Found on the second soil layer in the borehole: HĐ ĐĐ. The main components of this soil layer are: Stone, dark gray, blue gray, high load capacity low deformation. k. Cham Sy reservoir area First soil layer: (symbol 1): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HCS ĐĐ, HCS VP, HCS VT. The main components of this soil layer are: clay loam, red brown, pink brown, mixed with gravel, hard elastic state, medium load capacity, medium deformation, and average water permeability. Second soil layer: (symbol 2): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HCS ĐĐ, HCS VP, HCS VT, HCS PR., HCS HL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, gray- white, soft elastic state, weak load capacity, medium deformation, average water permeability. Third soil layer: (symbol 3): Found on the first soil layer in the boreholes: HCS ĐĐ, HCS VP, HCS VT, HCS PR, HCS HL, HCS TPR, HCS THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, gray-white, soft elastic state, weak load capacity, medium deformation, average water permeability. l. Thong Nhat reservoir area Layer 1d: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Located in the old dam body. Composition: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Soil layer thickness at borehole KD2: 3.1m Layer 1b: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. Located on the topographical surface at the foot of the dam upstream and downstream. Composition: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.2  1.5m. Layer 1a: loam clay, brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. Located right below the filling soil layer for the dam body and close to the soft clay mud layer to flowing elastic state at the foot of the dam upstream. Composition: loam clay, brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.0m  1.5m. Layer 2: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. Located right on the surface of the hillside terrain on both sides of the dam and located right 87 below the filling layer at the dam site. Composition: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  2.0m. Layer 3: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, hard elastic state to semi-hard state. Located right below the loam clay layer, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. Composition: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, and hard elastic state to semi-hard state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  2.5m Layer 4: Laterite (Latestone) brown, pretty solid. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphy on the geological profile along the dam route on the left shoulder and is partially exposed on the topography surface of the spillway weight. Composition: Laterite (Latestone) brown, pretty solid. We do not define the thickness of the layer. Layer 5: sandstone siltstone, brown, extreme weathering. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphic profile along the dam route on the right shoulder. Composition: sandstone siltstone, brown, extreme weathering. m. Cau reservoir area Layer 1d: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Located in the old dam body. Composition: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Soil layer thickness at borehole KD2: 3.1m Layer 1b: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. Located on the topographical surface at the foot of the dam upstream and downstream. Composition: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.2  1.5m. Layer 1a: loam clay, brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. Located right below the filling soil layer for the dam body and close to the soft clay mud layer to flowing elastic state at the foot of the dam upstream. Composition: loam clay, brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.0m  1.5m. Layer 2: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. Located right on the surface of the hillside terrain on both sides of the dam and located right below the filling layer at the dam site. Composition: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  2.0m Layer 3: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, hard elastic state to semi-hard state. Located right below the loam clay layer, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. 88 Composition: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, and hard elastic state to semi-hard state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  2.5m Layer 4: Laterite (Latestone) brown, pretty solid. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphy on the geological profile along the dam route on the left shoulder and is partially exposed on the topography surface of the spillway weight. Composition: Laterite (Latestone) brown, pretty solid. Layer 5: sandstone siltstone, brown, extreme weathering. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphic profile along the dam route on the right shoulder. Composition: sandstone siltstone, brown, extreme weathering. n. Na Ai reservoir Layer 1d: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Located in the old dam body. Composition: The filling soil for the dam body is mixed clay, brown, yellow-brown, tight texture, hard elastic state. Soil layer thickness at borehole KD2: 3.1m. Layer 1b: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. Located on the topographical surface at the foot of the dam upstream and downstream. Composition: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.2  1.5m. Layer 1a: loam clay, brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. Located right below the filling soil layer for the dam body and close to the soft clay mud layer to flowing elastic state at the foot of the dam upstream. Composition: loam clay, brown, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.0m  1.5m. Layer 2: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. Located right on the surface of the hillside terrain on both sides of the dam and located right below the filling layer at the dam site. Composition: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  2.0m. Layer 3: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, hard elastic state to semi-hard state. Located right below the loam clay layer, brown, yellow-brown, hard elastic state. Composition: loam clay, brown, yellow-brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, and hard elastic state to semi-hard state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  2.5m. Layer 4: Laterite (Latestone) brown, pretty solid. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphy on the geological profile along the dam route on the left shoulder and is partially exposed on the topography surface of the spillway weight. Composition: Laterite (Latestone) brown, pretty solid. 89 Layer 5: sandstone siltstone, brown, extreme weathering. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphic profile along the dam route on the right shoulder. Composition: sandstone siltstone, brown, extreme weathering. o. Dang reservoir area First soil layer: (symbol 1): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HĐ ĐĐ, HĐ VP, HĐ PR., HĐ HL, HĐ TPR., HĐ THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, purple, soft elastic state, medium load capacity, medium deformation, average water permeability. Second soil layer (symbol 2): Found on the first soil layer in the boreholes: HĐ ĐĐ and HĐ PR. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, yellow -brown, mahogany brown, soft elastic state, weak load capacity, high deformation, high water permeability. Third soil layer (symbol 3): Found on the second soil layer in the boreholes: HĐ ĐĐ, HĐ PR., HĐ HL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay powder, strong weathe ring, purple, hard state – very hard, strong load capacity, low deformation, low water permeability. Fourth soil layer (symbol 4): Found on the first soil layer in the boreholes: HĐ VP, HĐ THL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, purple-brown, hard elastic state, very strong load capacity, low deformation. Fifth soil layer (symbol 5): Found on the surface in the boreholes: HĐ VT and HĐ HL. The main components of this soil layer are: clay, yellow-brown, mixed with gravel, soft elastic state, medium load capacity, medium deformation. p. Nang reservoir Layer 1d: The filling soil covering the upper dam body is mixed clay, brown, hard elastic state. Located in the old dam body. Composition: The filling soil covering the upper dam body is mixed clay, brown, hard elastic state. Soil layer thickness at borehole KD2: 8.5m. Layer 1đ: The filling soil covering the lower dam body is mixed clay, brown, water saturation, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. Located on the lower half of the old dam body. Composition: The filling soil covering the lower dam body is mixed clay, brown, water saturation, soft elastic state to hard elastic state. Soil layer thickness at borehole KD2: 6.1m Layer 1b: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. Located on the terrain surface at the foot of the dam upstream. Composition: mixed clay mud, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state to flowing elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5  2.5m. Layer 2: loam clay, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state. Located right below the filling soil layer for the dam body and close to the soft clay mud layer to flowing elastic state at the foot of the dam upstream, on the terrain at the foot of the dam downstream. 90 Composition: loam clay, brown, gray-brown, soft elastic state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 2.0m  3.5m. Layer 3: loam clay, brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, hard elastic state to semi-hard state. Located right on the surface of the hillside terrain on both sides of the dam and located right below the filling layer at the dam site. Composition: loam clay, brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, and hard elastic state to semi-hard state. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  3.0m. Layer 4a: Soil with few stones and ruins, as a completely weathered product from siltstone lying in place, tight texture, hard. Located right below the loam clay layer, brown, containing grit diluvial deposit, and hard elastic state to semi-hard state. Composition: Soil with few stones and ruins, as a completely weathered product from siltstone lying in place, tight texture, hard. The thickness of the layer varies from: 1.5m  3.0m Layer 4: sandstone siltstone, brown, being strong weathering, semi-hard. Located at the bottom of the stratigraphy on the geological cross-section along the dam route. Composition: sandstone siltstone, brown, being strong weathering, semi-hard. Conclusion on the geological conditions of the reservoir areas: - Favorable topographical conditions, less slope, good terrain, little possibility of large- scale landslides in the reservoir beds. - The geotechnical conditions in the reservoir areas are mainly metamorphic weathered rocks, weak water permeability, so there is no possibility of water loss from the reservoirs to other basins or downstream areas. The water retention of the reservoirs is ensured. - The sedimentation rate of the reservoir beds is low, ensuring long-term working of the reservoirs. Hydrogeology: Surface water: In the area where the construction is planned, the surface water source is very scarce. There are a few ponds and lakes. The surface water storage in irrigation lakes is low. Groundwater: The aquifer existing in the Quaternary formations occupy the study area. The sediments are still in loose form (unconsolidated), so water only exists and circulates in the pores between the particles. The coarse components as pebbles, gravel, sand, etc. contain water well, while the cohesive components as clay, mixed clay, mixed sand... hold water poorly. Based on the petrographic composition, origin, age of the sediments and geomorphological features, soil and rock are classified into different aquifers, which are distinguished from each other by areas and depths. The exposed aquifer on the surface (shallow aquifers) usually have no pressure, the distribution area coincides with the supply area, so the supply sources are diverse: rainwater, surface water, irrigation water... Water of this aquifer is drained by seepage into the lower layers or by local erosion network. The groundwater depth of the reservoirs is about 2.5-4.1m. 91 4.1.4 Climate Hoa Binh province has a hot and humid tropical monsoon climate with high annual average temperature (23.10C), high rainfall (1800-2000 mm) and humidity (82-85%). It is these climatic conditions that make the weathering process strong and cause erosion and washing away due to water flowing with temporary currents (scours, crevices) and regular currents (rivers, streams) which erode and wash away soil and rock and cut the terrain. In the high mountain areas in the districts of Da Bac, Mai Chau and Tan Lac, the subtropical region climate is typical and the average temperature is 18-190C. Around Hoa Binh hydropower reservoir, the climate is relatively cool, with a lot of rain and high humidity thank to the regulation of the reservoir. Particularly in Mai Chau valley, due to topographical conditions that create a specific sub-climate, during a year there are hot dry westerly winds, usually appearing in April and May of every year. In terms of climate, in general, Hoa Binh's climate is a mixture of the Northeast and Northwest climates. So from the middle of April to the middle of May, the “phon wind” (Laos wind) and whirlwind and hail occur. In addition, Hoa Binh province has four springs, summers, autumns and winters like the northern provinces of Vietnam. However, there is still a clear expression between the two seasons according to the wet and rainy regime of a year, namely the rainy season and the dry season. Rainy seasons (hot, humid, rainy): A rainy season usually starts from May to the end of October of year. The average rainfall in many years in rainy seasons ranges 1700-1800 mm, accounting for 85-90% of the total annual rainfall. Particularly in the high mountains of Mai Chau and Da Bac, rainy seasons usually come later and end 15-20 days later. Especially, Kim Boi, Chi Ne and Yen Thuy areas have a larger total seasonal rainfall as well as a larger total annual rainfall. Dry seasons (cold, dry): A dry season usually starts from November of the previous year to April of the following year, with the total average rainfall in many years reaching 100-200 mm, accounting for only 10% of the total annual rainfall. Especially in the main winter months (December, January and February) of a year, the total monthly rainfall in most places is only approximately 30mm. There are years in this period where there is no rain for a whole month or very little rain. a. Temperature The thermal regime in Hoa Binh province is relatively stable and has relatively low specific characteristics compared to the neighboring provinces. The average temperature for many years is 23.10C. The temperature between day and night varies greatly. Dry seasons: A dry and cold season lasts from November to April next year. The climate is dry, low humidity with frost, fog and cold drizzle. The difference between day and night temperature is high. The average temperature in many years in dry seasons is 19.7oC. The absolute lowest temperature that occurred in Lac Son on December 31, 1973 was 0.10C. The rainfall in dry seasons is very little, 10-15% of the annual rainfall. Therefore, the drought phenomenon in dry seasons often occurs (every year in the spring crop, thousands of ha of fields are trapped in severe drought). In addition, in dry seasons, fog often occurs and the short hours of sunshine affect the yield of crops significantly. Rainy seasons: A hot and humid rainy season lasts from May to October. The average temperature in many years in rainy seasons is 26.4oC. The absolute highest temperature also occurred in Lac Son on May 12, 1966, reaching 41.80C. The precipitation accounts for 90% of the annual rainfall. The intensity of heavy rain, especially from June to September, is accompanied by tornadoes, flash floods, flooding River banks, which damage many irrigation works and the agriculture. The temperature in the region fluctuates seasonably without big change. However, in summers, sometimes the temperature is too high, and in winters, there are cold spells accompanied by frost, 92 causing many difficulties for agricultural production and other industries. The annual average air temperature measured at the stations in Hoa Binh province is shown in Table 10. Table 10. Average Air Temperature in Many Years at Meteorological Stations (0C) Stations\months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Mai Chau 20.1 21.9 24.0 26.1 26.1 25.5 25.0 24.7 24.3 23.5 22.2 20.5 23.7 Lac Son 13.1 14.3 17.8 22.2 25.3 27.0 25.7 26.8 25.2 22.1 18.5 14.7 21.1 Chi Ne 16.8 17.5 20.3 24.1 27.4 29.0 29.1 28.4 27.0 24.3 21.3 17.6 23.6 Kim Boi 16.8 17.3 20.1 24.0 26.9 28.3 28.3 27.8 26.4 23.9 21.8 17.4 23.3 Hòa Binh 16.9 17.8 20.8 24.6 27.3 28.7 28.5 28.2 27.0 24.4 21.4 17.6 23.6 Source: Records of hydrometeorological station b. Humidity Hoa Binh is located in the tropical monsoon region, the humidity is relative high from 79-87%. Due to the topography, geomorphology, and climate characteristics, it is divided into many different zones, so the humidity varies between zones and periods of a year. The actual data measured at some typical stations shows that the average annual humidity is 87.0% in August, September, and the lowest average humidity is 79.0% in December. With annual average humidity of 82-85%, Hoa Binh climate is suitable for growing food crops, fruit trees and perennial industrial plants (Table 11). Table 11. Average Atmospheric Humidity in Many Years (%) Stations\months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Hoa Binh 84 85 85 84 82 83 84 86 86 82 84 83 84.0 Kim Boi 84 85 86 85 83 84 84 86 86 84 82 81 84.2 Mai Chau 80 79 79 79 80 82 83 86 86 84 82 80 81.7 Chi Ne 84 86 87 86 81 82 82 86 86 83 82 79 83.7 Lac Son 86 86 87 85 82 84 84 87 87 85 85 84 85.2 Source: Records of hydrometeorological station c. Evaporation The highest amount of evaporation usually appears in May and June of a year. It varies relatively large and depends on the regime of sunshine, wind, rainfall... The average amount of evaporation in many years measured by the meteorological stations ranges from 710  950 mm. The total average evaporation for many years is 817 mm/year, about 50% of the average annual rainfall. The amount of evaporation in the months of the dry season is many times higher than that of the rainy season of a year. The average annual evaporation in dry seasons from November to April is 61 mm/month. The highest annual evaporation appears in April, with 90.0 mm. The lowest annual evaporation appears in February, with 44.6 mm. A rainy season lasts from May to October, when the average monthly evaporation in many years is 75.1 mm/month; the highest monthly evaporation occurs in May, with 109mm/month; and the lowest monthly evaporation occurs in September, with 55.3 mm/month (Table 122). Table 12. Total Average Monthly Evaporation in Many Years (mm) Stations\months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total Hoa Binh 50.0 48.0 57.0 65.6 84.9 81.3 80.9 63.5 59.8 60.9 55.6 55.1 762.6 Kim Boi 48.5 44.6 50.4 61.1 79.2 70.8 72.2 57.1 55.3 59.4 54.9 56.7 710.2 Mai Chau 67.9 71.0 84.9 90.0 99.1 85.2 84.1 64.0 63.0 68.7 65.2 67.0 910.1 Chi Ne 62.3 54.9 58.1 71.5 108.8 96.8 97.8 72.3 73.2 87.1 81.4 86.3 950.5 Lac Son 48.3 44.7 49.7 65.5 91.2 79.5 81.8 59.7 56.1 60.7 55.6 56.5 749.3 Source: Records of hydrometeorological station 93 d. Wind regime As mentioned above, Hoa Binh region as well as the North of Vietnam are within the tropical monsoon climate, however, the level of expression in each sub-region is different depending on the degree of dissection of the topography. The wind directions observed in different parts of the basin depends on the monsoon circulation and the specific topographical conditions of each part, but the wind directions in each season do characterize the main circulations in each period of a year. In winter: the prevailing wind direction is northeast. The average wind speed in many years are listed in Table 133. Table 13. Average Wind Speed in Many Years (m/s) Stations\months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Hoa Binh 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.99 Kim Boi 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.21 Mai Chau 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.18 Chi Ne 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.12 Lac Son 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.25 Source: Records of hydrometeorological station Storms usually land on from July to September of a year. When there are storms, winds reach from level 7 to level 10. According to the statistics in many years, there are about 3 storms on average every year. Storms mainly cause widespread flooding. The monthly and annual directions and maximum wind speeds of in Hoa Binh province are shown in the following Table 14. Table 14. Monthly and Annual Directions and Maximum Wind Speeds (m/s) Stations\months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Hoa Binh 12 14 18 28 23 24 24 28 24 20 16 17 28 Direction N NH N N SW W SW N NE N NH NE N Kim Boi 18 17 20 > 20 20 22 25 > 20 > 20 20 20 12 25 Direction NH NE NE NH NH W W NH NH N N N W Mai Chau 20 17 > 20 > 20 > 20 > 20 > 20 > 20 > 20 20 20 > 20 > 20 Direction ENE NE N NH NH NH NH NH NNW N W NNE NH Chi Ne 10 14 14 18 20 > 20 24 > 20 20 18 10 10 24 Direction N NE NH NW NW NW NW E NW NW NH NE E Lac Son 12 > 20 > 20 22 24 > 20 25 24 22 > 20 24 18 25 Direction NH N NH NH N NH S N N ENE NE NE S Source: Records of hydrometeorological station e. Sunshine hours The sunshine in the region features the weather of the Northern region, with 120140 sunny days a year. Feb. and Mar. have the lowest number of sunshine hours but have high humidity, which give rise to many diseases on plants and animals. The total annual average sunshine hours measured at the stations in Hoa Binh province are 1515 hours/year. A sunshine season is from May to October. The average sunshine time in many years is 161 hours/month. The average number of sunshine hours in many years is presented in Table 155. Table 15. Average Number of Sunshine Hours in Many Years (hours) Stations\months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total Hoa Binh 84.5 63.4 74.8 112.1 188.3 163.8 190.3 162.3 165.5 159.3 134.6 122.0 1620.9 Kim Boi 74.0 54.2 67.1 97.3 165.8 159.3 181.9 166.5 168.4 148.8 124.7 122.4 1530.4 94 Stations\months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total Mai Chau 80.3 78.0 101.9 133.7 176.1 153.8 177.0 142.4 149.7 136.7 108.9 117.1 1555.6 Chi Ne 64.2 45.4 48.2 88.8 182.8 167.3 185.4 156.9 153.5 149.2 133.0 132.7 1507.4 Lac Son 65.4 54.6 52.1 90.5 145.5 138.0 151.5 156.8 151.4 145.2 112.4 98.9 1362.3 Source: Records of hydrometeorological stati f. Rainfall In general, the rainfall in Hoa Binh province is relatively large. It is unevenly distributed in space and time. The average annual rainfall measured at the stations in the province ranges from 1800- 2000 mm/year. The max annual rainfall measured at the stations in the region is 3305mm at Kim Boi station. The min annual rainfall measured at Tan Lac station is 968.1mm. Rain is distributed according to seasons, the rainy season is from May to October and the rainfall accounts for 85%90% of the annual rainfall of a year. Especially, June, July, and August have the highest rainfall, accounting for 45%55% of the whole year. The largest daily rainfall observed in Chi Ne on September 16, 1980 was 393.7 mm. In a dry season from November to April of the following year, the rainfall only accounts for 10%15% of the annual rainfall, January and February are the driest months, and crops are severely lacking of water. The average annual rainfall at the stations in Hoa Binh province is presented in Table 166. Table 16. Average Rainfall in Many Years (mm) Stations\month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Năm s Kim Boi 33.4 33.4 57.9 101.0 278.3 300.4 335.5 341.7 322.6 206.4 75.2 22.8 2075.2 Lac Son 16.8 14.2 30.6 89.8 208.8 248.5 312.5 336.1 290.4 160.3 34.1 12.4 1766.3 Hoa Binh 22.9 16.3 38.5 90.1 240.4 269.6 297.8 321.2 263.2 176.2 49.9 18.7 1810.8 Nho Quan 30.3 27.8 52.9 79.4 227.3 226.0 276.2 333.3 334.1 205.1 72.7 19.8 1876.2 Source: Records of hydrometeorological station 4.1.5 Hydrology The topography of Hoa Binh province is very complex and strongly dissected, with a relatively large rainfall as mas as 18002000 mm/year. It is also rich in dense rivers, streams and lakes and water flow. Large rivers often flow at relatively low elevations compared to the whole region elevation, while the population and arable land are prone to settle high, making the ability to get water for production and daily life here very struggling and local people have to rely on water from small streams for daily use. The administrative scope of Hoa Binh province lies within the basin system of 5 main rivers: Da River, Buoi River, Boi River, Lang River, Bui River. There are many large and small rivers and streams, of which about 50% have regular flow of over 3 L/s/km2. Da River: the river originates from the altitude of over 1500m in Wei Son mountains, Yunnan province, China. The first part is called Ba Bien River and the next part is called Ly Tien River. When pouring into Vietnam, the first part is called Nam Te, and in Lai Chau it is called Da River. The river flows northwest-southeast parallel to Thao River. To Hoa Binh city, it flows to the north and joins Red River in Trung Ha, which is 15 km far from Viet Tri upstream. The total length of the main stream from the source to the mouth of the river is about 980 km, of which the part located in the territory of Vietnam is 540 km. The average elevation of the whole river basin is about 1130 m and in the territory of Vietnam it is 0.9 km. Da River flows along a narrow valley at the foot of high mountains, with many rapids and steep slopes. On both banks, there are 68 tributaries over 10 km long. On the left bank there are Nam Ma, Nam Na, Nam Mu, Nam Chien, Suoi Tac tributaries... On the right bank, there are Nam Po, 95 Nam Toc, Nam Pan, Nam Sap tributaries... The longest tributary is Nam Mu with 165km long. The tributaries longer than 20km are 32 tributaries. The tributaries longer than 15km are 46 tributaries. If considering the basin areas of the tributaries located in the territory of Vietnam, the largest one is Nam Mu River with an area of 3400 km2; Nam Na River has a total basin area of 6860 km2 (in Vietnam, it is 2290 km2) with its headwater from Dang Dieu River in Chinese territory and Nam Muoc River with its headwater in Laos territory (the area of the whole basin is 2920 km2, on Laos territory, it is 1100 km2, the length of the whole river is 110 km). In Hoa Binh city, Hoa Binh reservoir was built on Da River and has been operated since 1991. The section behind Hoa Binh hydropower plant is wider. On the length of 45 km from Hoa Binh to Trung Ha, the average slope is 0.1 m/km. The basin area is 51,800km2 wide extending to Hoa Binh hydropower dam. The river length flowing in the land of Hoa Binh province is about 100 km. The hydrometeorological data measured in Hoa Binh city (the data series after Hoa Binh reservoir is operational) are as follows: + Average annual flow Q0 = 1787 m3/s + Maximum flow Qmax = 12400 m3/s The monthly maximum flow and average flow of Hoa Binh station are presented in Table 17. Table 17. Maximum Flow and Average Flow at Hoa Binh Hydrological Station (m3/s) Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Qtb 743 718 764 865 1190 2636 5274 3942 1905 1582 1095 728 1787 Qmax 5580 1820 1840 2420 7210 12300 11200 12400 8330 8440 6360 2220 12400 Source: Records of Hoa Binh hydrometeorological station The flow distribution in a year is very uneven, changing very clearly via the seasonality. A high water season is usually calculated according to the months with the average monthly flow greater than the average flow in many years. A high water season on the river is from June to October (or November), while the low water season is from December to May next year. 05 months in a rainy season (from June to October) accounts for 70  80% of the total water volume in the whole year, while the remaining seven months only account for 20  25% of the total water volume in the whole year. The annual flow monitoring data shows that the fluctuation of the annual flow on Da River is not very large. The year with the most water compared to the year with the least water is only 2.0  2.6 times. The coefficient of annual flow variation on Da River (Cv) ranges from 0.21  0.30. Da River flows through 06 districts and Hoa Binh city. The riverbed is wide and located very low versus the cultivated fields on both sides, so it had little effect on irrigation for agricultural and forestry production of the province. Since the construction of Hoa Binh Hydropower Plant, it has a great effect on the national economy and improves the regional climate, but there have also arisen some problems that need to be resolved in the downstream of the hydropower dam (Hoa Binh city) such as: changes in water flow rule, erratic water level fluctuations due to overflow operations, causing erosion on both banks and mouths of large streams into rivers, affecting production and human life in the region. The statistics on the flow data of five hydrological stations in Hoa Binh province has been implemented since the operation of the reservoirs (1988 to present). The results of frequency analysis are shown in Table 18. Table 18. Annual Flow According to Design Frequency at Hoa Binh Hydrological Station Qo(m3/s) Cv Cs Q75%(m3/s) W75%(106m3) 1767 0,21 0,21 1510 47619 96 Boi River: Boi River is a upstream tributary of Day River. It is formed by streams flowing from the high mountains of Kim Boi district through Lac Thuy and then to Ninh Binh. The length of the river flowing in Hoa Binh is about 60 km. The basin area is over 700 km2 (FLV to Hung Thi hydrological station is 664 km2, according to observation records at Hung Thi station). Boi River is a mountainous river, with many large streams flowing into the main stream of Boi River. The main stream has narrow bed, the river bed slopes at 2.83  5%. The density of rivers and streams is 0.81 km/km2. Boi River flow is quite diversified, the average flow for many years measured at Hung Thi hydrological station is 20.5 m3/s. The flow modulus M0 is 31 L/s.km2. However, the flow is unevenly distributed in the months of a year. The average flow volume in a dry season accounts for only approximately 18%. The flow volume in a flood season accounts for 82%. The average monthly discharge for many years and the monthly flow rate are in Table 19. Table 19. Average Monthly Flow in Many Years and Monthly Flow Rate at Hung Thi Hydrological Station Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Q (m3/s) 3.40 2.74 3.05 4.26 12.40 27.94 36.11 41.75 61.55 33.98 13.76 4.35 20.44 % 1.39 1.12 1.24 1.74 5.05 11.39 14.72 17.02 25.09 13.85 5.61 1.77 100 Source: Hung Thi hydrological station The flood water at the upstream of Boi River is quite large. The biggest floods measured at Hung Thi hydrological station are on September 22, 1978 (Qmax = 2320 m3/s), September 12, 1985 (Qmax = 2429 m3/s) and November 10, 1984 (Qmax = 2608 m3/s). The maximum water level amplitude is 10.42 m. The flood peak is very high and rises and falls rapidly. When merging with Day River, the flood peak is lower and the flood is prolonged. This is because the low-lying fields at the mouth of Boi River can store water. Floods in the upper Boi River are large and merge with large floods in the downstream areas will cause serious flooding in downstream areas such as Lac Thuy (Hoa Binh), Nho Quan and Gia Vien (Ninh Binh). From the records on the annual average flow at Hung Thi hydrological station (till now), the frequency analysis results are recorded in Table 20. Table 20. Annual Flow According to Design Frequency of Hung Thi Hydrological Station Qo (m3/s) Cv Cs Q75% (m3/s) W75% (106m3) 20.4 0.48 0.96 13.3 419.4 Boi River is a large river of the province with abundant water sources and favorable conditions for the construction of irrigation works for riverside irrigation, but the water level in the seasons largely fluctuates and the river bed is less stable causing many difficulties for the construction of riverside works. Buoi River: As the headwater of Con River, a tributary of Ma River (formed by streams of Tan Lac district, Lac Son), the river flows to Thanh Hoa province. Buoi River has many large and small streams forming a network of rivers and streams like a leaf-shape. Buoi River characterizes as a mountainous river, with narrow river bed B = 20-25 m. The downstream is slightly wider than 30m. The meandering coefficient is large with 1.56. The average basin slope is 2%. The density River network level is 0.62 km/km2. The basin area of the entire Buoi River is FLV = 1,633 km2. The part of the basin located in Hoa Binh area is 1,196.2 km2, accounting for 62.66%. The total length of the main stream is 130 km, the part of the main stream located in Hoa Binh territory is 50 km and the circumference of the catchment line is 214 km. Buoi River is a mountainous river, so its water regime is quite complicated. On the other hand, it is a Grade-I tributary of Ma River, so it is even more complicated when floods and dry here both reflect two distinct regimes. The hydrological regimes of Ma River and Buoi River are similar. Buoi River is still the main water supply and drainage River for arable land in the region. The 97 upper source of Buoi River is the confluence of three major streams, which are Cai stream, Bin stream, Cong Hoa stream, and Vu Ban, which combine to form Buoi River. From Vu Ban to the estuary of the river, Buoi River flows between two gentle hillsides, with narrow and shallow Riverbed. The riverbed that leads Buoi River from its upstream to the estuary features a hilly River. Buoi River water source plays an important role in the economic development of 3 districts of Hoa Binh province and two hilly districts of Thanh Hoa province. Annual flow, annual flow distribution: The flow on Buoi River is divided into 2 distinct seasons, the flow in dry seasons is small, the flow in flood season is large, the difference between flood and dry flows is sometimes up to 60 to 120 times. + Annual flow: on Buoi River, Vu Ban hydrological station is located in Vu Lam commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province. The station covers an area of F = 886 km2, measuring flow and water level from 1961 to 1970. According to records on 10-year measured flow rate, the average annual flow rate is QTB = 28.3 m3/s, corresponding to the flow modulus Mo = 31.9 L/s.km2, the corresponding annual flow is Yo = 1,008.7 mm, and the total volume is 893.7 million m3. + Shallow flow: According to measurement results at Vu Ban station, the minimum flow volume is 1.09 m3/s measured on May 13, 1966, corresponding to a modulus of 1.35 L/s. km2. + Flood flow: According to the statistics, a flood season on Buoi River lasts 5 months, from June to October with a total flow of 78.9%. A dry season lasts 7 months with a total flow accounting for 21.1% only. The month with the largest flow is September, accounting for 25.7% of the annual flow. The month with the smallest flow is January, accounting for 1.3% of the annual flow. Bui River: As a tributary of Day River, located in the middle of Day River; the river is formed by streams of Luong Son district. The flow length in Hoa Binh province is nearly 20 km. The basin area is about 180 km2. According to hydrometeorological records measured at Lam Son station (the basin area is 38 km2): + Average flow over many years Q0 = 1.06 (m3/s) + Flow modulus M0 =32.1 L/s.km2 The flow in the river is also divided into two distinct seasons: the flood season and the dry season. In a flood season, the flow volume accounts for 75% of the annual flow. The peak discharge in the river is large. The maximum observed discharge is up to: Qmax = 501 (m3/s). The average annual flow and monthly flow at Lam Son hydrological station are shown in Table 21. Table 21. Average Annual Average Flow and Monthly Flow Rate at Lam Son Hydrological Station Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year Q(m3/s) 0.340 0.276 0.257 0.279 0.612 1.257 2.071 2.268 2.542 1.543 0.884 0.430 1,063 % 2.66 2.17 2.01 2.19 4.80 9.85 16.23 17.77 19.92 12.10 6.93 3.37 100 Source: Lam Son Station From the records of the annual average flow at Lam Son hydrological station, we conducted the frequency analysis as presented in Table 22. Table 22. Annual Flow According to Design Frequency at Lam Son Hydrological Station Qo(m3/s) Cv Cs Q75% (m3/s) W75% (106m3) 1.063 0.48 0.96 0.69 21.8 98 Lang River: Is a branch of Day River system, originating from Bao Hieu commune, Yen Thuy district, flowing to Nho Quan River (Ninh Binh), with a length of 30 km. The average flow rate is 2.2 m3/s. The annual total amount of water is 70 million m3. 4.2 Impacts of Climate Change and Natural Disasters in Hoa Binh province 4.2.1 Impacts of Climate Change The climate change impacts on the natural components and indirectly on the socio-economic sectors of Hoa Binh province are as follows: Impacts on agriculture: Climate change affects the land use fund for agriculture. Currently, desertification tends to take place in some parts of the province and the Northwest region. Climate change changes the agricultural production adaptation to the climate. Natural disasters more and more affect the province’s agricultural production. Climate change causes difficulties for irrigation. Impacts on forestry Decline forest land fund and forest land area. Change the forest organization structure. Decrease forest quality. Increase the risk of forest fires. Cause difficulties for the conservation of forest ecological diversity. Impacts on industry Affect industrial structure by territory. Affect a number of key industries. Impacts on transportation Cause negative impacts on transportation infrastructure. Cause negative impacts on road and waterway transportation. Impacts on tourism Cause many negative impacts on the ecotourism. Impacts on mountain tourism. Cause many difficulties for sustainable tourism development. In addition, the climate change affects natural and economic components7. 4.2.2 Natural Disasters in Hoa Binh province In 2020, natural disasters occurred abnormally and complicatedly in the province, causing a lot of damages to crops and people's property. Specifically, the province is indirectly hit by the circulation of 04 storms that cause moderate rains and heavy rains on a large scale. The province was affected by 23 waves of cold air and intensified cold air, of which there are 02 waves of severe cold and extreme cold. During the year, there were 13 large-scale heat waves, with the hot day with the highest temperature ever exceeding the historical record, 410C on May 21 (the historical record is 40.90C, June 4, 2017). 7 Report on Environmental Status of Hoa Binh Province in the period of 2011 2015 99 In terms of rainfall: in the province, there were 18 stages of large-scale heavy rains, which are 9 stages more than in 2019. There were 182 days of thunderstorms, whirlwinds, lightning, hail and strong winds. Heavy rains with thunderstorms, lightning, hail, floods, flash floods, landslides caused huge damages. Damages: 4 people died, 3 people were injured; 3,077 houses with roofs were blown off and collapsed; the total damaged area of agriculture and forestry was nearly 2,300 ha; over 700 shade trees and green trees were damaged; over 9,600 cattle and poultry died. Many educational, cultural, irrigation and communication facilities were damaged. Many traffic works were damaged, over 30,350 m3 of land was eroded on traffic roads; many negative and positive landslides obstruct and make traffic unsafe; nearly 5,900 m of canals were eroded; over 50 power poles were collapsed... The total damage value caused by natural disasters in the province in 2020 is over VND 652,200 million. In 2021, it is also forecasted that the weather situation will continue to be abnormal, complicated and unpredictable. The province is likely to be indirectly affected by the circulation of 2-3 storms/tropical depressions, mainly on Jun.-Aug. 2021. The heat in the summer months in the province is forecasted to appear later than usual but not as intense as in 2020. Amount of rainfall: As reported by the Provincial Hydrometeorological Station, there are a lot of 15-17 large-scale heavy rains that occur in the whole province in 2021. Accordingly, it is necessary to watch out for dangerous weather phenomena that likely occurs in the whole region, such as thunderstorms, whirlwinds, lightning, local heavy rain, hail, when cold air hits, and landslides in steep terrain areas and poor vegetation coverage. Along with that, floods occur in rivers and small streams in the province reach and above Alarm Level-III. More floods than 2020 are forecasted and appear in July 9/2021. During heavy rains, flash floods and landslides are likely to occur in many places, especially in the districts of Da Bac, Mai Chau, Tan Lac, Lac Son, Kim Boi, Cao Phong and Hoa Binh city. In 2020 and in the previous years, there have been no floods or inundation phenomena in the 16 reservoir areas. 4.3 Environmental Status The status of the baseline environment is reflected by the parameters of soil, water and air quality measured in site and analyzed in laboratory. These are the basis for assessing environment impacts during the construction and operation of the reservoirs. The baseline environment is the necessary condition for controlling and mitigating effects of dam construction and operation and dam safety. The environmental status in the subproject area is assessed by two main methods: The environment rapid measurement method using field measuring devices. The laboratory analytical method (ISO 17025: 2005). Due to the mountainous topography, 16 reservoirs are located in valleys and surrounded by cultivation and agriculture hills and forests. The Consultant undertook site observations and sampling at subproject sites in 2/2019. The samples were analyzed by the Environmental Modeling, Monitoring and Research Center (University of Natural Sciences), registration number VILAS-864, VIMCERTS 198 (the details on locations, comparison table and sample forms are in the appendix). 4.3.1 Air Environment The results show that the air environment quality in the subproject area is in line with the standard. 16 reservoirs have cool climate. The production forest vegetation is well developed. The observation parameters are within the standards of QCVN 05:2013 and QCVN 100 24:2016/BYT, QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT on ambient air quality (dust, noise, vibration). The detailed results are shown in Table 23. 101 Table 23. Analysis Results on Air Quality in the Subproject Area QCVN 05:2013/ No. Parameters Unit KK1 KK2 KK3 KK4 KK5 KK6 KK7 KK8 BTNMT o 1 Temperature C 25.0 25.5 25.2 25.5 24.5 25.1 25.0 26.1 - 2 Humidity % 82.0 80.7 80.0 77.7 81.0 78.7 81.0 79.5 - 3 Wind speed m/s 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.3 2.1 - 4 Wind direction - SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE - 5 Noise level dBA 52.2 55.2 50.2 52.2 50.2 52.2 51.5 53.4 70 (1) 6 Total dust g /m3 8 10 10 12 12 15 10 12 300 7 CO g /m3 1,675 1,740 1,712 1,852 1,778 1,640 1,752 1,756 30,000 8 SO2 g /m3 11 12 10 12 12 14 12 14 350 9 NO2 g /m3 13 15 14 15 14 15 15 17 200 QCVN 05:2013/ No. Parameters Unit KK9 KK10 KK11 KK12 KK13 KK14 KK15 KK16 MONRE o 1 Temperature C 25.5 26.0 25.7 25.5 26.7 26.5 26.5 25.8 - 2 Humidity % 77.5 77.9 75.0 77.1 75.0 76.5 75.5 77.1 - 3 Wind speed m/s 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 - 4 Wind direction - SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE - 5 Noise level dBA 54.0 55.2 54.5 50.2 50.5 51.0 52.0 52.5 70 (1) 6 Total dust g /m3 22 25 9 11 12 14 14 15 300 7 CO g /m3 2,004 2,260 1,774 1,850 1,795 1,650 1,245 1,458 30,000 8 SO2 g /m3 12 14 12 14 12 15 11 12 350 9 NO2 g /m3 15 14 14 15 15 17 14 15 200 QCVN 05:2013/ No. Parameters Unit KK17 KK18 KK19 KK20 KK21 KK22 KK23 KK24 MONRE o 1 Temperature C 25.6 25.7 26.7 26.5 26.5 25.8 25.6 25.7 - 2 Humidity % 73.5 74.0 75.0 76.5 75.5 77.1 73.5 74.0 - 3 Wind speed m/s 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.4 - 4 Wind direction - SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE - 5 Noise level dBA 51.5 50.1 50.5 51.0 52.0 52.5 51.5 50.1 70 (1) 102 6 Total dust g /m3 15 18 12 14 14 15 15 18 300 7 CO g /m3 1,701 1,850 1,795 1,650 1,245 1,458 1,701 1,850 30,000 8 SO2 g /m3 13 12 12 15 11 12 13 12 350 9 NO2 g /m3 15 16 15 17 14 15 15 16 200 QCVN 05:2013/ No. Parameters Unit KK25 KK26 KK27 KK28 KK29 KK30 KK31 KK32 MONRE o 1 Temperature C 26.7 26.5 26.5 25.8 25.6 25.7 25.6 25.7 - 2 Humidity % 75.0 76.5 75.5 77.1 73.5 74.0 73.5 74.0 - 3 Wind speed m/s 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 - 4 Wind direction - SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE - 5 Noise level dBA 50.5 51.0 52.0 52.5 51.5 50.1 51.5 50.1 70 (1) 6 Total dust g /m3 12 14 14 15 15 18 15 18 300 7 CO g /m3 1,795 1,65 1,245 1,458 1,701 1,85 1,701 1,850 30,000 8 SO2 g /m3 12 15 11 12 13 12 13 12 350 9 NO2 g /m3 15 17 14 15 15 16 15 16 200 Notes: Sampling locations: + KK1: Luong Bai reservoir, Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’52”N; 105o40’19”E) + KK2: Residential area near Luong Bai, Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’58”N; 105o40’24”E) + KK3: Thuong reservoir, Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’34”N; 105o35’16”E) + KK4: Residential area near Thuong reservoir, Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’41”N; 105o35’20”E) + KK5: Sung reservoir, Yen Lac commune (Hang Tram town), Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’02”N; 105o37’31”E) + KK6: Residential area near Sung reservoir, Yen Lac commune (Hang Tram town), Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’08”N; 105o37’33”E) + KK7: Khoang Chia reservoir, Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º25’48”N; 105o32’04”E) + KK8: Residential area near Khoang Chia reservoir, Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º25’42”N; 105o32’01”E) + KK9: Ngoc Vo reservoir, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º28’43”N; 105o26’29”E) + KK10: Residential area near Ngoc Vo reservoir, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º28’55”N; 105o26’35”E) + KK11: Vo Queo reservoir, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º28’34”N; 105o26’16”E) + KK12: Residential area near Vo Queo reservoir, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º28’52”N; 105o26’28”E) + KK13: Dang reservoir, Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º33’15”N; 105o25’55”E) + KK14: Residential area near Dang reservoir, Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º33’19”N; 105o25’57”E) 103 + KK15: Nang reservoir, Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º31’57”N; 105o27’35”E) + KK16: Residential area near Nang reservoir, Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º31’50”N; 105o27’29”E) + KK17: Me reservoir, Yen Quang commune (Quang Tien), Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º58’40”N; 105o25’06”E) + KK18: Residential area near Me reservoir, Yen Quang commune (Quang Tien), Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º58’53”N; 105o25’14”E) + KK19: Du reservoir, Mong Hoa commune, Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º54’29”N; 105o24’41”E) + KK20: Residential area near Du reservoir, Mong Hoa commune, Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º54’38”N; 105o24’49”E) + KK21: Tha reservoir, Dan Ha commune (Ky Son ward), Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º54’15”N; 105o21’18”E) + KK22: Residential area near Tha reservoir, Dan Ha commune (Ky Son ward), Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º54’22”N; 105o21’20”E) + KK23: Dom reservoir, Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º51’13”N; 105o33’09”E) + KK24: Residential area near Dom reservoir, Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º51’18”N; 105o33’12”E) + KK25: Cham Sy reservoir, Thanh Luong commune (Thanh Cao), Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º38’53”N; 105o39’13”E) + KK26: Residential area near Cham Sy reservoir, Thanh Luong commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º38’50”N; 105o39’09”E) + KK27: Cau reservoir, Bac Son commune (Hung Son), Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º45’11”N; 105o30’08”E) + KK28: Residential area near Cau reservoir, Bac Son commune (Hung Son), Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º45’17”N; 105o30’11”E) + KK29: Na Ai reservoir, Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º35’29”N; 105o17’56”E) + KK30: Residential area near Na Ai reservoir, Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º35’22”N; 105o17’51”E) + KK31: Thong Nhat reservoir, Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º46’38”N; 105o20’45”E) + KK32: Residential area near Thong Nhat reservoir, Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º46’39”N; 105o20’48”E) Standards of comparison: + QCVN 05:2013/MONRE: National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (1h moderate). + (1)QCVN 26:2010/MONRE: National Technical Regulation on Noise. (-): No regulation. 4.3.2. Water Environment We monitored 16 reservoirs, each one is taken with 02 representative samples of surface water. The analysis shows that the surface water quality monitoring parameters in all 16 reservoirs are good, lower than QCVN08-MT: 2015/MONRE, Column B1. 104 Table 24. Analysis Results on Surface Water Quality in the Subproject Area QCVN 08:2015/ No. Parameters Unit NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5 NM6 NM7 NM8 MONRE (Column B1) 1 pH mg/l 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.2 6.8 6.9 7.0 5.5 9 2 DO mg/l 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 6.0 5.8 6.0 7.5 ≥4 3 COD mg/l 10 12 15 22 17 21 14 18 30 4 BOD5 mg/l 7 9 10 12 11 13 9 13 15 5 TSS mg/l 15 18 17 20 15 22 15 16 50 6 NH4 mg/l 0.20 0.24 0.24 0.3 0.31 0.34 0.35 0.32 0.9 7 NO3- mg/l 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.8 10 8 PO43- mg/l 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.3 9 Total N mg/l 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.2 - 10 Total P mg/l 0.45 0.48 0.5 0.7 0.45 0.62 0.45 0.62 - 11 Zn mg/l 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.45 0.35 0.45 0.35 0.41 1.5 12 Pb mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.05 13 Hg mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.001 14 As mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.05 Grease and mg/l 15 0.21 0.20 0.2 0.17 0.15 0.25 0.11 0.12 1 lubricant 16 Coliform MPN/100ml 1,985 2,044 2,722 3,002 2,544 2,8127,500 1,895 2,170 QCVN No. Parameters Unit NM9 NM10 NM11 NM12 NM13 NM14 NM15 NM16 05:2013/ MONRE 1 pH mg/l 6.8 7.0 7.0 6.8 7.2 7.0 6.9 7.1 5.5 9 2 DO mg/l 5.4 6.5 5.1 6.2 5.2 5.7 6.2 5.9 ≥4 3 COD mg/l 11 15 10 14 12 16 14 15 30 4 BOD5 mg/l 7 10 6 8 7 11 10 11 15 5 TSS mg/l 17 21 15 19 17 20 25 27 50 6 NH4 mg/l 0.25 0.27 0.21 0.19 0.27 0.25 0.21 0.23 0.9 7 NO3- mg/l 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 10 3- mg/l 0.14 0.17 0.15 8 PO4 0.12 0.15 0.12 0.15 0.19 0.3 9 Total N mg/l 1.5 2.1 2.2 3.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 - 10 Total P mg/l 0.32 0.34 0.5 0.5 0.34 0.41 0.37 0.35 - 11 Zn mg/l 0.4 0.5 0.41 0.45 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.5 12 Pb mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.05 13 Hg mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.001 14 As mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.05 Grease and mg/l 15 0.25 0.27 0.15 0.2 0.31 0.25 0.19 0.22 1 lubricant 16 Coliform MPN/100ml 1,715 1,867 2,574 3,030 2,542 7,500 2,475 2,710 2,550 QCVN No. Parameters Unit NM17 NM18 NM19 NM20 NM21 NM22 NM23 NM24 05:2013/ MONRE 1 pH mg/l 7.0 7.2 7.0 6.8 7.2 7.0 6.9 7.1 5.5 9 2 DO mg/l 5.9 5.5 5.1 6.2 5.2 5.7 6.2 5.9 ≥4 3 COD mg/l 15 12 10 14 12 16 14 15 30 4 BOD5 mg/l 11 9 6 8 7 11 10 11 15 105 5 TSS mg/l 22 26 15 19 17 20 25 27 50 6 NH4 mg/l 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.27 0.25 0.21 0.23 0.9 7 NO3- mg/l 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 10 8 PO43- mg/l 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.15 0.3 9 Total N mg/l 2.1 2.4 2.2 3.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 - 10 Total P mg/l 0.29 0.32 0.5 0.5 0.34 0.41 0.37 0.35 - 11 Zn mg/l 0.5 0.6 0.41 0.45 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.5 12 Pb mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.05 13 Hg mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.001 14 As mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.05 Grease and mg/l 15 0.15 0.18 0.15 0.2 0.31 0.25 0.19 0.22 1 lubricant 16 Coliform MPN/100ml 1,840 2,125 2,574 3,030 2,5457,500 2,470 2,710 2,557 QCVN No. Parameters Unit NM25 NM26 NM27 NM28 NM29 NM30 NM31 NM32 05:2013/ MONRE 1 pH mg/l 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.0 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.2 5.5 9 2 DO mg/l 5.9 5.5 5.2 5.7 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.5 ≥4 3 COD mg/l 15 12 12 16 14 15 15 12 30 4 BOD5 mg/l 11 9 7 11 10 11 11 9 15 5 TSS mg/l 22 26 17 20 25 27 22 26 50 6 NH4 mg/l 0.25 0.23 0.27 0.25 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.9 7 NO3- mg/l 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.9 10 3- mg/l 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.16 8 PO4 0.17 0.15 0.19 0.17 0.3 9 Total N mg/l 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.4 - 10 Total P mg/l 0.29 0.32 0.34 0.41 0.37 0.35 0.29 0.32 - 11 Zn mg/l 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.5 12 Pb mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.05 13 Hg mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.001 14 As mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.05 Grease and mg/l 15 0.15 0.18 0.31 0.25 0.19 0.22 0.15 0.18 1 lubricant 16 Coliform MPN/100ml 1,840 1,955 2,542 2,475 2,710 2,557 1,950 1,855 7,500 Notes: Sampling locations: + NM1: Upstream of Luong Bai reservoir, Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’51”N; 105o40’18”E) + NM2: Downstream of Luong Bai reservoir, Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’54”N; 105o40’20”E) + NM3: Upstream of Thuong reservoir, Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’32”N; 105o35’15”E) + NM4: Downstream of Thuong reservoir, Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’35”N; 105o35’18”E) + NM5: Upstream of Sung reservoir, Yen Lac commune (Hang Tram town), Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’05”N; 105o37’32”E) + NM6: Downstream of Sung reservoir, Yen Lac commune (Hang Tram town), Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’07”N; 105o37’34”E) + NM7: Upstream of Khoang Chia reservoir, Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º25’49”N; 105o32’05”E) + NM8: Downstream of Khoang Chia reservoir, Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º25’44”N; 105o32’03”E) 106 + NM9: Upstream of Ngoc Vo reservoir, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º28’43”N; 105o26’29”E) + NM10: Downstream of Ngoc Vo reservoir, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º28’55”N; 105o26’35”E) + NM11: Upstream of Vo Queo reservoir, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º28’39”N; 105o26’16”E) + NM12: Downstream of Vo Queo reservoir, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º28’41”N; 105o26’25”E) + NM13: Upstream of Dang reservoir, Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º33’14”N; 105o25’55”E) + NM14: Downstream of Dang reservoir, Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º33’17”N; 105o25’56”E) + NM15: Upstream of Nang reservoir, Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º31’57”N; 105o27’36”E) + NM16: Downstream of Nang reservoir, Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º31’53”N; 105o27’31”E) + NM17: Upstream of Me reservoir, Yen Quang commune (Quang Tien), Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º58’41”N; 105o25’06”E) + NM18: Downstream of Me reservoir, Yen Quang commune (Quang Tien), Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º58’50”N; 105o25’12”E) + NM19: Upstream of Du reservoir, Mong Hoa commune, Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º54’29”N; 105o24’42”E) + NM20: Downstream of Du reservoir, Mong Hoa commune, Ky Son district(Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º54’36”N; 105o24’47”E) + NM21: Upstream of Tha reservoir, Dan Ha commune (Ky Son ward), Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º54’15”N; 105o21’19”E) + NM22: Downstream of Tha reservoir, Dan Ha commune (Ky Son ward), Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º54’20”N; 105o21’18”E) + NM23: Upstream of Dom reservoir, Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º51’11”N; 105o33’09”E) + NM24: Downstream of Dom reservoir, Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º51’16”N; 105o33’10”E) + NM25: Upstream of Cham Sy reservoir, Thanh Luong commune (Thanh Cao), Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º38’53”N; 105o39’14”E) + NM26: Downstream of Cham Sy reservoir, Thanh Luong commune (Thanh Cao), Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º38’55”N; 105o39’10”E) + NM27: Upstream of Cau reservoir, Bac Son commune (Hung Son), Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º45’12”N; 105o30’08”E) + NM28: Downstream of Cau reservoir, Bac Son commune (Hung Son), Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º45’19”N; 105o30’13”E) + NM29: Upstream of Na Ai reservoir, Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º35’27”N; 105o17’56”E) + NM30: Downstream of Na Ai reservoir, Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º35’20”N; 105o17’50”E) + NM31: Upstream of Thong Nhat reservoir, Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º46’38”N; 105o20’45”E) + NM32: Downstream of Thong Nhat reservoir, Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º46’33”N; 105o20’46”E) Standards of comparison: + QCVN 08-MT:2015/MONRE: National technical regulation on surface water quality (Column B1: For irrigation or other pursposes with similar water quality requirements or uses as Column B2.); (-): No regulation. Comments: The subproject area is located in rural area, where the industrial production in the reservoir basins are almost non-existent and the source of waste to the environment is mainly from farming, agricultural and livestock production. However, this source of waste is 107 insignificant. The surface water quality in the subproject area is still quite good and can be used for irrigation or other purposes with similar water quality requirements. We conducted monitoring and sampling groundwater at the construction sites of 16 reservoirs. In each area, 1 sample of groundwater was collected from a household living around the reservoirs. The results show that the analytical parameters are low, below QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNTM. 4.3.3 Underground Water Environment - The parameters to be monitored include: pH, DO, hardness CaCO₃, Chloride, TSS, Ammonium, NO3-, PO43-, Mn, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg, Fe, Ecoli, Colifrom. - Method of monitoring and analysis: The method of rapid measurement in the field and taking samples to the laboratory for analysis complies with the regulations of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Samples were taken from dug wells or drilled wells at the depth of 15÷20m. - Sample preservation method: Samples are taken in accordance with the current regulations of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and kept sealed and cold during the transportation from the sites to the laboratory. - Sample monitoring locations: Take groundwater samples at the subproject area and the nearest residential areas. The monitoring results and monitoring locations are given in the following tables: Table 25. Analysis Results of Groundwater Quality in the Subproject Area QCVN Paramet No. Unit NN1 NN2 NN3 NN4 NN5 NN6 NN7 NN8 09:2015/ ers MONRE 1 pH - 6.5 7.0 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.2 5.5 – 8.5 2 DO mg/l 5.2 5.7 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.5 5.2 5.7 - 3 Hardness mg/l 212 215 120 125 150 167 242 230 500 4 Cl- mg/l 20 17 20 17 17 20 19 23 250 5 TSS mg/l 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 - + 6 NH4 mg/l 0.07 0.05 0.1 0.3 0.14 0.25 0.12 0.15 1 7 NO3- mg/l 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 15 8 PO43- mg/l 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 - 9 Fe mg/l 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.1 5 10 Mn mg/l 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.02 0.05 0.5 11 Zn mg/l 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.19 0.15 0.18 0.15 0.17 3 12 Pb mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.01 13 Hg mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.001 14 As mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.05 15 Ecoli MPN/100ml KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 16 Coliform MPN/100ml KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 3 QCVN 09- Paramet NN1 MT:201 No. Unit NN9 NN11 NN12 NN13 NN14 NN15 NN16 ers 0 5/ MONRE 108 1 pH - 6.5 7.0 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.2 6.4 5.5 – 8.5 2 DO mg/l 5.1 6.2 5.2 5.7 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.5 - 3 Hardness mg/l 212 215 125 150 167 242 230 175 500 4 Cl- mg/l 20 17 17 17 20 19 23 21 250 5 TSS mg/l 1.5 1.2 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.7 - + 6 NH4 mg/l 0.07 0.05 0.3 0.14 0.25 0.12 0.15 0.12 1 7 NO3- mg/l 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 15 8 PO43- mg/l 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 - 9 Fe mg/l 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 5 10 Mn mg/l 0.06 0.07 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.5 11 Zn mg/l 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.15 0.18 0.15 0.17 0.24 3 12 Pb mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.01 13 Hg mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.001 14 As mg/l KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 0.05 15 Ecoli MPN/100ml KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 16 Coliform MPN/100ml KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH 3 Notes: Sampling locations: + NN1: A household in Phu Ve village, Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’56”N; 105o40’21”E) + NN2: A household in Thuong village, Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’37”N; 105o35’17”E) + NN3: A household in Khang village, Yen Lac commune (Hang Tram town), Yen Thuy district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º23’10”N; 105o37’34”E) + NN4: A household in Luc village, Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º25’42”N; 105o32’02”E) + NN5: A household in Vat village, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º28’48”N; 105o26’32”E) + NN6: A household in Vieng village, Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º28’31”N; 105o26’12”E) + NN7: A household in Chieng village, Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º33’19”N; 105o25’58”E) + NN8: A household in Doi village, Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º31’53”N; 105o27’32”E) + NN9: A household in Me village, Yen Quang commune (Quang Tien), Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º58’46”N; 105o25’09”E) + NN10: A household in Lam village, Mong Hoa commune, Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º54’22”N; 105o24’39”E) + NN11: A household in Tha village, Dan Ha commune (Ky Son ward), Ky Son district (Hoa Binh city), Hoa Binh province(Coordinates: 20º54’12”N; 105o21’15”E) + NN12: A household in Gieng Xa village, Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º51’18”N; 105o33’12”E) + NN13: A household in Chom village, Thanh Luong commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º38’58”N; 105o39’17”E) + NN14: A household in Cau village, Bac Son commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º45’17”N; 105o30’10”E) + NN15: A household in Chua village, Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º35’23”N; 105o17’52”E) + NN16: A household in Ha Son village, Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city, Hoa Binh province (Coordinates: 20º46’31”N; 105o20’40”E) 109 Standards of comparison: + QCVN 09-MT:2015/MONRE: National technical regulation on groundwater quality. (-): No regulation. KPH: No detection. Comments: The groundwater samples collected from 16 households in residential areas around the subproject area are mostly water from drilled wells (the depth is about 20-30m) and a small part from natural dug wells with the depth of about 20m. The analysis shows that the groundwater quality in the subproject area is good. All analytical values of water samples are within the standard of QCVN 09-MT: 2015/MONRE. Some heavy metals in water (Fe, Mn, Zn) are detected. 4.3.4 Soil Environment The current state of the soil environment is assessed based on the results of the laboratory analysis. The total data is presented in the following tables: Table 26. Analysis Results on Soil Environmental Quality in the Subproject Area Parameter No. Unit Đ1 Đ2 Đ3 Đ4 Đ5 Đ6 Đ7 Đ8 s 1 pH - 6.0 6.5 6.2 5.8 6.5 6.2 6.4 5.8 2 Al3+ mg/100g 1.71 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.1 3 Cl- mg/100g 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 4 2- mg/100g 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.5 SO4 5 2+ mg/100g 7.7 7.2 7.8 7.1 7.2 7.8 7.1 7.8 Ca 6 Mg2+ mg/100g 1.24 1.56 1.65 1.75 1.56 1.65 1.42 1.51 7 Na+ mg/100g 0.51 0.75 0.85 0.58 0.75 0.85 0.55 0.74 8 + mg/100g 1.47 1.35 1.54 1.31 1.35 1.54 1.30 1.54 K Total 9 % 2.2 2.3 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.9 2.5 3.1 organic 10 Total P % 0.25 0.32 0.31 0.37 0.32 0.31 0.27 0.21 11 Total N % 0.211 0.135 0.197 0.145 0.135 0.197 0.145 0.175 mg/ 12 Fe 5.1 5.4 4.5 5.5 5.4 4.5 5.4 4.2 kg dry soil 13 K2O % 0.17 0.12 0.2 0.21 0.12 0.2 0.15 0.18 14 P2O5 % 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.25 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 Parameter TT Đ9 Đ10 Đ11 Đ12 Đ13 Đ14 Đ15 Đ16 s 1 pH - 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.8 6.4 6.1 6.2 2 3+ mg/100g 1.34 1.54 1.51 1.71 1.5 1.5 1.65 1.8 Al 3 Cl- mg/100g 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 4 SO42- mg/100g 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.5 5 2+ mg/100g 7.7 7.4 7.7 7.7 7.1 7.1 7.5 7.4 Ca 6 2+ mg/100g 1.49 1.47 1.38 1.24 1.75 1.42 1.48 1.62 Mg 7 Na+ mg/100g 0.67 0.59 0.77 0.51 0.58 0.55 0.65 0.61 8 K+ mg/100g 1.66 1.45 1.58 1.47 1.31 1.30 1.78 1.45 Total 9 % 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4 organic 10 Total P % 0.32 0.37 0.35 0.25 0.37 0.27 0.29 0.33 110 11 Total N % 0.315 0.275 0.342 0.211 0.145 0.145 0.245 0.141 mg/ 12 Fe 5.9 5.5 4.5 5.1 5.5 5.4 6.4 7.2 kg dry soil 13 K2O % 0.25 0.28 0.34 0.17 0.21 0.15 0.21 0.14 14 P2O5 % 0.17 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.17 0.18 0.20 The analysis results for the soil samples collected in the subproject reservoirs tabled above show that the total N ranges 0.135% - 0.342%; the pH ranges 5.8 - 6.5; and the total phosphorus ranges 0.13% - 0.25% belonging to the alluvial soil group (TCVN 7374: 2004 soil quality - indicator value of total phosphorus content in Vietnamese soil). The analytical values of the indicators in the soil samples also show that the soil in the subproject area is quite poor in nutrients but is not contaminated with alum. 4.3.5 Biodiversity Forest resource is one of the precious resources of the country, which is the most important constitution of the natural balance of Hoa Binh province. Previously, Hoa Binh forest was very diverse with flora and fauna of great economic values and many precious woods such as Chestnut, Michelia tonkinensis, Ironwood, Mimusops engi, Parashorea chinensis, Dipterocarpus retusus, Pine, Fokienia hodginsii, Chukrasia tabularis… and all kinds of Phyllostachys, Bamboo, Schizostachyum aciculare, Bambusa nutans, Maclurochloa, Dendrocalamus barbatus, Dendrocalamus sinicus, Rattan... Hoa Binh forest also has many precious medicinal plants, with about 400 types of medicinal plants, in which there are cinnamon, Wurfbainia villosa, Dioscorea hamiltonii, Smilax glabra, Eleutherine bulbosa... In 2010, according to the results of land inventory and mapping of land use status in Hoa Binh province No.150/BC-PC. The total forest land area is 285,936.89 ha, accounting for 62.04% of the natural land area, in which: − Production forest land: 144,138.72 ha, accounting for 31.28% of the natural area; − Protection forest land: 112,260.44 ha, accounting for 24.36% of the natural area; − Special-use forest land: 29,537.73 ha, accounting for 6.41% of the natural area. The forest coverage is about 46% and oriented to maintain in the planning period of 2010 2020, with community forestry development towards focusing on in-depth investment in order to upgrade income per unit of forestry area combined with investment in processing industry to increase added value for forest products. Table 27. The Ecology in 16 Reservoir Areas No. Reservoirs Fauna diversity Flora diversity The terrestial animals are mainly Mainly fruit trees: longan, litchi, 1 Du reservoir dicaeidae, sparrow; frogs, insects, jackfruit...; wood trees: acacia, chickens and ducks eucalyptus and shrubs The terrestial animals are mainly The surrounding area are mainly dicaeidae, sparrow; frogs, insects, Fagus sylvatica, “Khao”, 2 Me reservoir chickens and ducks Aporosa tetrapleura Hance, Senna siamea, eucalyptus, bamboo Some major bird species such as Around are mainly planted Ngoc Vo dicaeidae, sparrow, pycnonotidae … eucalyptus, Castanea sativa, 3 reservoir bamboo, longan, lychee and shrubs 111 No. Reservoirs Fauna diversity Flora diversity Thong Nhat Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, longan, litchi, 4 reservoir dicaeidae, sparrow, poultry banana, bamboo and shrubs Vo Queo Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, acacia and shrubs 5 reservoir dicaeidae, sparrow; Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, acacia, Senna dicaeidae, sparrow, pycnonotidae… and siamea, “Mo”, and shrubs Luong Bai common local insects like Coconut 6 reservoir beetle, Cerambycidae...in addition to rearing ponds are fish, reptiles like grass carp, carp, Labeo rohita, Bihar, frog... Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus and shrubs 7 Dom reservoir dicaeidae, sparrow, pycnonotidae… Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, longan, litchi, dicaeidae; frogs, insects, some species banana, bamboo and shrubs 8 Thuong reservoir of fish, reptiles such as grass carp, catfish, cirrhina molitorella, carp Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, longan, litchi, dicaeidae; frogs, insects, some species banana, bamboo and shrubs 9 Sung reservoir of fish, reptiles such as grass carp, catfish, cirrhina molitorella, carp Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, longan, litchi, Cham Sy dicaeidae; frogs, insects, some species banana, bamboo and shrubs 10 reservoir of fish, reptiles such as grass carp, catfish, cirrhina molitorella, carp The terrestial animals are mainly The surrounding area are mainly dicaeidae, sparrow; frogs, insects Fagus sylvatica, “Khao”, Khoang Chia 11 Aporosa tetrapleura Hance, reservoir Senna siamea, eucalyptus, bamboo Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, longan, litchi, dicaeidae; frogs, insects, some species banana, bamboo and shrubs 12 Na Ai reservoir of fish, reptiles such as grass carp, catfish, cirrhina molitorella, carp The terrestial animals are mainly The surrounding area are mainly dicaeidae, sparrow; frogs, insects Fagus sylvatica, “Khao”, 13 Nang reservoir Aporosa tetrapleura Hance, Senna siamea, eucalyptus, bamboo Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, longan, litchi, dicaeidae; frogs, insects, some species banana, bamboo and shrubs 14 Dang reservoir of fish, reptiles such as grass carp, catfish, cirrhina molitorella, carp The terrestial animals are mainly The surrounding area are mainly dicaeidae, sparrow; frogs, insects Fagus sylvatica, “Khao”, 15 Cau reservoir Aporosa tetrapleura Hance, Senna siamea, eucalyptus, bamboo 16 Tha reservoir Some major bird species such as Eucalyptus, longan, litchi, dicaeidae; frogs, insects, some species 112 No. Reservoirs Fauna diversity Flora diversity of fish, reptiles such as grass carp, banana, bamboo and shrubs catfish, cirrhina molitorella, carp. The biodiversity survey results in 16 subproject reservoirs show that there are no wild animals and plants listed as endangered flora and fauna or rare species that need to be protected. The fauna here mainly consists of carps, cirrhina molitorella, hypophthalmichthys, tilapia (O. mossambicus), eel (M. albus), loach (M. anguillicaudatus), crucian carp (C. auratus)... The zooplankton consists of rotifera, cladocera, larvae, insects.... The invertebrates consists of shrimp, crab, snail… The terrestrial animals consists of birds, frogs, insects, domestic animals… The main plants are shrubs, bananas, bamboo, longan, eucalyptus.... Thus, the repair and upgrading of dams, sluices and spillways of the reservoirs do not cause important impacts on the above flora and fauna species, but specific mitigation measures to protect this ecosystem is required during the construction. 4.4 Socio-economic Conditions in Subproject Area Economy: The economic growth of Hoa Binh province reached 9.5%, 8.36% and 6.75% in 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. In the first half of 2020, Hoa Binh province attempted to take the prevention and control of Covid-19 and other infectious diseases, while making efforts for the socio-economic development. The local authorities and people in the province made every effort to overcome difficulties and obstacles for the investment, production and business of the state, enterprises and people under the direction of the Government and the Prime Minister, establishing a good environment to attract investment, promote socio- economic development, and strive to achieve the highest results in 2020. According to the statistics of the Department of Statistics of Hoa Binh province. The economic growth (GRDP) in the first 6 months of 2020 decreased by 6.51% over the same period last year. Particularly, the agriculture, forestry and fishery increased by 3%, contributing 0.57 percentage points to the growth; the industry construction decreased by 14.36%, reducing 6.28 percentage points to the growth (in which, the industry decreased by 18.45%, reducing 6.71 percentage points); the services decreased by 2.51%, reducing 0.81 percentage points; the product taxation increased by 0.03%, contributing 0.01 percentage points to the growth. Regarding the structure of the economic sectors in the GRDP: the proportion of agriculture, forestry and fishery is 22.25%; the industry and construction is 38.71%; the services is 33.73%; and the product taxation is 5.31%. Despite of the situation of Covid-19 pandemic, the agricultural production achieves good results. The cultivated area of the winter-spring rice reached 16,313.5 ha in 2020 compared with the winter-spring crop in 2019, up to 101.01%. The index of industrial production (IIP) is equal to 81.1% over the same period in 2019. In which, a number of key industrial products increased significantly over the same period such as: protective clothing; animal feed, wood chips; bricks, cement... Especially, for the processing and manufacturing industry. The growth was 4.52% over the same period. A socio-economic survey was conducted between December 15, 2018 and December 24, 2018 and updated until December 2020 in the subproject area (including affected communes and beneficiary communes) covering 16 dams and reservoirs. The total HHs surveyed by questionnaires are 277 households (of which 51 households are affected and 226 households benefit from the subproject). The survey results are as follows. 4.4.1 Socio-economic Conditions in the Subproject Area The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 will repair and upgrade 16 reservoir areas in 06 districts/cities: Mong Hoa commune; Quang Tien commune, Ky Son ward, Thong Nhat commune – Hoa Binh city; 113 Hung Son commune Kim Boi district; Thanh Cao commune, Cu Yen commune Luong Son district; Doan Ket commune, Lac Thinh commune, Hang Tram town Yen Thuy district; Tu Ne commune Tan Lac district; Yen Nghiep commune, Van Nghia commune, Tan Lap commune, Yen Phu commune Lac Son district. Once completed. The subproject will provide a stable water source for the irrigation to 15 communes/towns in the downstream areas. The communes located in the subproject area are detailed in the table below. Table 28: Population Information in Subproject Communes Num EM Locations ber Numb Num information Numb of er of ber Near er of Pove house people Num of - N Reservoi benefit rty holds in the ber of Perce benef poor o. rs Com Distri ing rate in whole EM ntage iting rate mune ct househ (%) com comm house (%) inhab (%) olds mune une holds itants s Mong Du Hoa 1 1,268 5,445 679 53.5% 116 498 1.9 3.1 reservoir comm une Quan Me g Tien 2 1,522 6,271 975 64.0% 195 803 5.8 5.4 reservoir comm Hoa une Binh Ky Tha city 3 Son 1,347 5,808 1,301 96.5% 175 755 6.1 3.6 reservoir ward Thon Thong g 4 Nhat Nhat 1,834 7,521 778 42.4% 256 1.050 2.4 1.7 reservoir comm une Hung Kim Cau Son 5 Boi 2,150 8,595 1,401 65.2% 239 955 6.1 6.7 reservoir comm district une Thanh Cham Sy Cao 6 2,239 9,182 1.256 56.1% 286 1.173 3.3 4.1 reservoir comm Luong une Son Cu district Dom Yen 7 995 4,538 769 77.2% 174 794 2.1 2.8 reservoir comm une Doan Luong Ket 8 Bai 1,022 4,057 689 67.4% 156 619 10.7 10.2 comm reservoir une Lac Yen Thuong Thinh Thuy 9 district 1,573 6,555 1,226 77.9% 215 896 4.9 2.5 reservoir comm une Sung Hang 10 2,736 11,624 1,042 38.1% 359 1.525 2.7 2.7 reservoir Tram 114 N Reservoi Num Numb EM Numb Num Pove Near Locations ber er of er of ber rty - o. rs information town of people benefit of rate poor house in the ing benef (%) rate holds whole househ iting (%) Tu Ne Tan in comm olds inhab Na Ai 11 comm Lac 1,129 com 4,744 une 1,021 90.4% 186 782 itants 9 7.4 reservoir une district mune Yen s Khoang Nghie 12 Chia p 1,311 6,252 1,284 97.9% 201 959 9.2 14.7 reservoir comm une Van Nang Nghia 13 1.755 7,185 1,289 73.4% 266 1.089 29.5 48.4 reservoir comm Lac une Son Tan district Dang Lap 14 1,913 8,874 1,358 70.9% 254 1.178 14.1 39.4 reservoir comm une Ngoc Vo Yen reservoir Phu 15 1,746 7,594 1,698 97.2% 526 2.288 13.1 24.5 Vo Queo comm reservoir une 24,54 104,24 16,76 15,36 Total/Average 68.3 3,604 8.1 11.8 0 5 6 3 Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA - SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 According to the SES results in the subproject communes. The total number of households reaches 24,540 households (equivalent to 104,245 people), of which the beneficiary households include 3,604 households (equivalent to 15,363 people). In the subproject area, Muong ethnic group is dominant and other ethnic minorities account for 68.3%, and the rest is Kinh ethnic group, accounting for 31.7%. The occupation in the subproject area is mainly engaged in the agricultural sector. According to the socio-economic development report in 2018 and updated in 2020, the lives of people in the subproject area are still difficult. The average poverty of the communes remains 8.1% and the near-poor households account for 11.8%. Van Nghia commune and Tan Lap commune are the 02 communes with the highest percentage of poor and near-poor households in the subproject area. 4.4.2 Socio-economic Information Population Characteristics ❖ Demographic information: According to the socio-economic survey conducted by the consulting team in 2018 and updated to 12/2020 including 277 households, the household size in the subproject area is relatively high, with an average of 4.2 persons/household. The number of inhabitants in each commune in the subproject area is shown in the table below. 115 Table 29: Demographic Characteristics of Surveyed Households in Subproject Communes Locations Numbe Number Numbe r of of r of Household N Reserv benefiti benefiti surveye Inhabit Ma Fem size o. oirs Comm Distr ng ng d ants le ale (persons/hous une ict househ inhabita househ ehold) olds nts olds Mong Du Hoa 1 reservoi 116 5,445 19 82 54 28 1 commu r ne Quang Me Tien 2 reservoi 125 4,366 17 74 43 31 2 commu Hoa r ne Binh Tha city Ky Son 3 reservoi 175 5,808 20 86 51 35 3 ward r Thong Thong Nhat Nhat 4 162 3,897 17 76 35 41 4 reservoi commu r ne Hung Kim Cau Son Boi 5 reservoi 119 3,935 18 68 29 39 5 commu distri r ne ct Cham Thanh Sy Cao 6 Luon 132 4.251 19 86 39 47 6 reservoi commu g Son r ne distri Dom Cu Yen ct 7 reservoi commu 174 4,538 17 78 38 40 7 r ne Luong Doan Bai Ket 8 156 4,057 18 71 41 30 8 reservoi commu r ne Lac Yen Thuong Thinh Thuy 9 reservoi 215 6,555 20 83 46 37 9 commu distri r ne ct Sung Hang 10 reservoi Tram 232 6,252 20 70 37 33 10 r town Tan Na Ai Tu Ne Lac 11 reservoi commu 186 4,744 20 84 40 44 11 distri r ne ct Khoang Yen Chia Nghiep 12 201 6,252 19 84 51 33 12 reservoi commu r ne Lac Van Son Nang Nghia distri 13 reservoi 266 7,185 19 78 56 22 13 commu ct r ne Dang Tan 14 254 8,874 18 83 61 22 14 reservoi Lap 116 N Reserv Numbe Number Numbe Inhabit Ma Fem Household Locations o. oirs r of of r of ants le ale size r commu benefiti benefiti surveye (persons/hous ne ng ng d ehold) househ inhabita househ Ngoc Vo olds nts olds reservoir Yen Vo Phu 15 526 7,594 16 70 36 34 15 Queo commu reservoi ne r Total/Average 3,039 83,753 277 1,174 657 517 4.2 Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA-SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 The survey results that the average household size in the subproject area is 4.2 persons/household. Thanh Cao commune, Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district, and Tan Lap commune are the ones with the largest household size among 15 communes in the subproject area averaring 4.6 persons/household. The demographic characteristics of the surveyed households are shown in the following table. Table 30: Household Demographic Characteristics Locations 2-3 persons 4-5 persons > 5 persons No Reservoir Tota . s Number Number Number l Commune District of of of % % % s s household household household s s s Du Mong Hoa 15. 52. 31. 1 3 10 6 19 reservoir commune 8 6 6 Quang Me 23. 52. 23. 2 Tien 4 9 4 17 reservoir 5 9 5 commune Hoa Binh Tha Ky Son city 25. 55. 20. 3 5 11 4 20 reservoir ward 0 0 0 Thong Thong 11. 58. 29. 4 Nhat Nhat 2 10 5 17 8 8 4 reservoir commune Kim Cau Hung Son 50. 38. 11. 5 Boi 9 7 2 18 reservoir commune 0 9 1 district Cham Sy Thanh Cao 15. 63. 21. 6 Luong 3 12 4 19 reservoir commune 8 2 1 Son district Dom Cu Yen 17. 64. 17. 7 3 11 3 17 reservoir commune 6 7 6 Luong Bai Doan Ket 44. 38. 16. 8 Yen 8 7 3 18 reservoir commune 4 9 7 Thuy district Thuong Lac Thinh 15. 60. 25. 9 3 12 5 20 reservoir commune 0 0 0 117 No Reservoir Tota Locations 2-3 persons 4-5 persons > 5 persons . s l Sung Hang Tram 60. 30. 10. 10 12 6 2 20 reservoir town 0 0 0 Tan Na Ai Tu Ne 25. 55. 20. 11 Lac 5 11 4 20 reservoir commune 0 0 0 district Khoang Yen 36. 57. 12 Chia Nghiep 7 11 1 5.3 19 8 9 reservoir commune, Nang Van Nghia 31. 63. 13 6 12 1 5.3 19 reservoir commune 6 2 Lac Son Dang Tan Lap district 27. 55. 16. 14 5 10 3 18 reservoir commune 8 6 7 Ngoc Vo reservoir Yen Phu 37. 56. 15 6 9 1 6.3 16 Vo Queo commune 5 3 reservoir 29. 53. 17. Total/Average 81 148 48 277 2 5 3 Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 ❖ Ethnicity: The survey results in the subproject area show 84.8% EM people, of which 63.2% of the people interviewed is Muong ethnic group (175 people). Therefore, an EMDP for Hoa Binh subproject is required. Table 31: Ethnicity in Subproject Area No. Reservoirs Locations EMs Kinh: 46.5% 1 Du reservoir Mong Hoa commune, Hoa Binh city Muong: 53.5% Quang Tien commune, Hoa Binh Kinh: 36% 2 Me reservoir city Muong: 64% Muong: 60% 3 Tha reservoir Ky Son ward, Hoa Binh city Kinh: 35% Dao and other EMs: 5% Kinh: 57.6% Thong Nhat Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh 4 Muong: 40.6% reservoir city Other EMs: 2% Kinh: 34.8% Hung Son commune, Kim Boi 5 Cau reservoir Muong: 63% district Other EMs: 2.2% Cham Sy Thanh Cao commune, Luong Son Kinh: 43.9% 6 reservoir district Muong: 56.1% Cu Yen commune, Luong Son Kinh: 22.8% 7 Dom reservoir district Muong: 77.2% 118 No. Reservoirs Locations EMs Kinh: 22.6% Luong Bai Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy 8 Muong: 66.9% reservoir district Other EMs: 0.5% Kinh: 22.1% Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy 9 Thuong reservoir Muong: 77.8% district Other EMs: 0.1% Kinh: 61.9% 10 Sung reservoir Hang Tram town, Yen Thuy district Muong: 37.6% Thai and other EMs: 0.5% Kinh: 9.6% 11 Na Ai reservoir Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district Muong: 90.4% Khoang Chia Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son Kinh: 2.1% 12 reservoir district Muong: 97.9% Van Nghia commune, Lac Son Kinh: 26.6% 13 Nang reservoir district Muong: 73.4% Kinh: 1.7% 14 Dang reservoir Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district Muong: 98.3 Ngoc Vo 15 reservoir Kinh: 2.8% Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district Vo Queo Muong: 97.2% 16 reservoir Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 ❖ Age of people participating in the survey The survey results that the majority of respondents are at the age group of 46 to 55 years old (about 44.8%), the next is 56 to 65 years old (24.5%), and the lowest age group is 25-35 years old (13.4%). Chart 1: Age Structure of Interviewees of Affected Households Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 119 This indicates that the respondents in the subproject area are mostly household heads or elderly people. They have big voice in their families. Therefore, it is favourable to assess the socio-economic conditions of their families and in the local area. Besides, they are decision makers for family issues, so they can make decisions on the participation in the compensation and site clearance of the subproject. ❖ Education The survey results show that the education level of the surveyed people is quite high, when 73.6% of the respondents got secondary school level or higher (in which the number of participants in the survey with secondary education level accounts for 39.4%, high school level accounts for 31.4%, and college/university level accounts for 2.9%). The details of the education levels of the surveyed people in the subproject area are shown in the following table. Table 32: Education levels of the respondents according to each subproject area Education levels N Reservo Hig Tot Locations Illiterate/di Prima Second h College/unive o. irs dn’t go to ry ary al scho rsity school school school ol Mong QTY. 0 5 8 5 1 19 Hoa Du commu 1 reservoi Percenta ne, Hoa 0% 26.3 42.1 26.3 5.3 100 r ge (%) Binh city Quang QTY. 0 3 6 7 1 17 Tien Me commu 2 reservoi Percenta ne, Hoa 0% 17.6 35.3 41.2 5.9 100 r ge (%) Binh city Ky Son QTY. 0 3 5 11 1 20 Tha ward, 3 reservoi Hoa Percenta r Binh 0% 15.0 25.0 55.0 5.0 100 ge (%) city Thong QTY. 0 3 6 6 2 17 Thong Nhat Nhat commu 4 Percenta reservoi ne, Hoa 0% 17.6 35.3 35.3 11.8 100 ge (%) r Binh city Hung QTY. 0 3 7 8 0 18 Son Cau commu 5 reservoi ne, Percenta 0% 16.7 38.9 44.4 0% 100 r Kim ge (%) Boi district Thanh QTY. 0 6 7 6 0 19 Cham Cao Sy 6 commu Percenta reservoi 0% 31.6 36.8 31.6 0% 100 ne, ge (%) r Luong 120 N Reservo Locations Education levels Tot o. irs Son al district Cu Yen QTY. 0 6 7 4 0 17 commu Dom ne, 7 reservoi Percenta Luong 0% 35.3 41.2 23.5 0% 100 r ge (%) Son district Doan QTY. 0 4 9 5 0 18 Luong Ket Bai commu 8 Percenta reservoi ne, Yen 0% 22.2 50.0 27.8 0% 100 ge (%) r Thuy district Lac QTY. 0 5 8 6 1 20 Thinh Thuong commu 9 reservoi Percenta ne, Yen 0% 25.0 40.0 30.0 5.0 100 r ge (%) Thuy district Hang QTY. 0 4 6 8 2 20 Tram Sung town, 10 reservoi Percenta Yen 0% 20.0 30.0 40.0 10.0 100 r ge (%) Thuy district Tu Ne QTY. 0 10 8 2 0 20 Na Ai commu 11 reservoi ne, Tan Percenta 0% 50.0 40.0 10.0 0% 100 r Lac ge (%) district Yen QTY. 0 6 8 5 0 19 Khoang Nghiep Chia commu 12 Percenta reservoi ne, Lac 0% 31.6 42.1 26.3 0% 100 ge (%) r Son district Van QTY. 0 5 9 5 0 19 Nghia Nang commu 13 reservoi Percenta ne, Lac 0% 26.3 47.4 26.3 0% 100 r ge (%) Son district Tan QTY. 0 6 7 5 0 18 Lap Dang commu 14 reservoi Percenta ne, Lac 0% 33.3 38.9 27.8 0% 100 r ge (%) Son district Ngoc Yen Vo Phu QTY. 0 4 8 4 0 16 reservoi commu 15 r ne, Lac Vo Son Percenta 0% 25.0 50.0 25.0 0% 100 Queo district ge (%) 121 N Reservo Locations Education levels Tot o. irs reservoi al r QTY. 0 73 109 87 8 277 Total Percent 0% 26.4 39.4 31.4 2.9 100 age (%) Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 ❖ Occupation The SES indicates that among 277 surveyed HHs, farming HHs account for the largest (62.8%), following by government employees (18.8%), workers – freelancers (8.7%), trade – services 7.6%, and unemployed or incapacitated people and people unable to work (2.2%). The survey results on household occupation show that in the subproject area, agriculture production is the main occupation and brings main source of income for local households. Other occupations such as workers and trading services appear in the communes near major roads or in the town and city. The occupation of the respondents in each commune in the subproject area is detailed in Table below. 122 Table 33: Occupation of Respondents in the Subproject Area Occupation of respondents Unemployed No. Reservoirs Locations Workers – Government or Total Agriculture Housewife/Retirement Freelancers employees incapacitated people QTY. 15 1 1 1 1 19 Du Mong Hoa commune, 1 Percentage reservoir Hoa Binh city 78.9 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 100 (%) QTY. 11 3 1 2 0 17 Me Quang Tien commune, 2 Percentage reservoir Hoa Binh city 64.7 17.6 5.9 11.8 - 100 (%) QTY. 12 5 3 0 0 20 Tha Ky Son ward, Hoa Binh 3 Percentage reservoir city 60.0 25.0 15.0 - - 100 (%) Thong QTY. 10 2 3 1 1 17 Thong Nhat commune, 4 Nhat Percentage Hoa Binh city 58.8 11.8 17.6 5.9 5.9 100 reservoir (%) QTY. 9 2 3 3 1 18 Cau Hung Son commune, 5 Percentage reservoir Kim Boi district 50.0 11.1 16.7 16.7 5.6 100 (%) QTY. 16 2 1 0 0 19 Cham Sy Thanh Cao commune, 6 Percentage reservoir Luong Son district 84.2 10.5 5.3 - - 100 (%) QTY. 10 2 3 1 1 17 Dom Cu Yen commune, 7 Percentage reservoir Luong Son district 58.8 11.8 17.6 5.9 5.9 100 (%) QTY. 12 1 4 1 0 18 Luong Bai Doan Ket commune, 8 Percentage reservoir Yen Thuy district 66.7 5.6 22.2 5.6 - 100 (%) QTY. 11 1 5 2 1 20 Thuong Lac Thinh commune, 9 Percentage reservoir Yen Thuy district 55.0 5.0 25.0 10.0 5.0 100 (%) Sung Hang Tram town, Yen QTY. 10 1 7 2 0 20 10 reservoir Thuy district Percentage 50.0 5.0 35.0 10.0 - 100 123 (%) QTY. 15 1 3 1 0 20 Na Ai Tu Ne commune, Tan 11 Percentage reservoir Lac district 75.0 5.0 15.0 5.0 - 100 (%) Khoang QTY. 10 1 5 3 0 19 Yen Nghiep commune, 12 Chia Percentage Lac Son district 52.6 5.3 26.3 15.8 - 100 reservoir (%) QTY. 11 0 4 3 1 19 Nang Van Nghia commune, 13 Percentage reservoir Lac Son district 57.9 - 21.1 15.8 5.3 100 (%) QTY. 12 1 5 0 0 18 Dang Tan Lap commune, Lac 14 Percentage reservoir Son district 66.7 5.6 27.8 - - 100 (%) Ngoc Vo QTY. 10 1 4 1 0 16 reservoir Yen Phu commune, Lac 15 Vo Queo Son district Percentage 62.5 6.3 25.0 6.3 - 100 reservoir (%) QTY. 174 24 52 21 6 277 Total Percentage 62,8 8.7 18.8 7.6 2.2 100 (%) Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 124 ❖ Household incomes and living standards According to the survey results. The majority of local people engage in agricultural production with the main food crops (rice, corn etc.), some crops (beans, peas, peanuts, winter melon,) and some industrial crops (mainly acacia) and fruit trees (orange, custard apple, pomelo, banana...). Therefore, their income mainly relies on agricultural production. The agricultural production and intensive cultivation depend on many factors, in which irrigation water is one of the decisive factors for crop productivity. Reservoirs in the subproject area only provide enough water for the Winter-Spring crop. In Summer-Autumn seasons, the water level in the reservoirs is often low so water for irrigation in the downstream areas is not enough, affecting agricultural production as well as income of households. The SES results with 277 households in the subproject area show that the average income of people is about 2.7 million VND/person/month (corresponding to 11.5 million VND/household/month). Among 15 communes in the subproject area, Thanh Cao commune, Luong Son district (Cham Sy reservoir area) accounts for the lowest average income with 2.15 million VND/people/month, which is a purely agricultural commune where households are mainly engaged in agricultural production (84.2%). In addition, Mong Hoa commune accounts for the highest average income (Du reservoir) with the average income of 3.62 million VND/people/month, which grow annual fruit trees. The income of people in each commune in the subproject area is presented in the table below. Table 34: Average Income of Households in the Subproject Area Household size Average Average Average income/ Average income/ No. Reservoirs Locations (persons/househol income/household/ income/househol person/month person/year d) month d/year Mong Hoa 1 Du reservoir commune, Hoa 4.3 3,625,000 43,500,000 15,587,500 187,050,000 Binh city Quang Tien 2 Me reservoir commune, Hoa 4.3 2,700,000 32,400,000 11,610,000 139,320,000 Binh city Ky Son ward, Hoa 3 Tha reservoir 4.3 2,975,000 35,700,000 12,792,500 153,510,000 Binh city Thong Nhat Thong Nhat 4 commune, Hoa 4.5 3,375,000 40,500,000 15,187,500 182.250,000 reservoir Binh city Hung Son 5 Cau reservoir 3.8 2,225,000 26,700,000 8,455,000 101,460,000 commune, Kim 125 Household size Average Average Average income/ Average income/ No. Reservoirs Locations (persons/househol income/household/ income/househol person/month person/year d) month d/year Boi district Thanh Cao Cham Sy 6 commune, Luong 4.6 2,150,000 25,800,000 9,890,000 118,680,000 reservoir Son district Cu Yen commune, 7 Dom reservoir 4.6 2,875,000 34,500,000 13,225,000 158,700,000 Luong Son district Doan Ket Luong Bai 8 commune, Yen 4 2,475,000 29,700,000 9,900,000 118,800,000 reservoir Thuy district Lac Thinh Thuong 9 commune, Yen 4.2 2,625,000 31,500,000 11,025,000 132,300,000 reservoir Thuy district Hang Tram town, 10 Sung reservoir 3.5 2,725,000 32,700,000 9,537,500 114,450,000 Yen Thuy district Tu Ne commune, 11 Na Ai reservoir 4.2 2.250,000 27,000,000 9,450,000 113,400,000 Tan Lac district Yen Nghiep Khoang Chia 12 commune, Lac 4.4 2,800,000 33,600,000 12,320,000 147,840,000 reservoir Son district Van Nghia 13 Nang reservoir commune, Lac 4.1 2,500,000 30,000,000 10.250,000 123,000,000 Son district Tan Lap 14 Dang reservoir commune, Lac 4.6 2,500,000 30,000,000 11,500,000 138,000,000 Son district Ngoc Vo Yen Phu reservoir 15 commune, Lac 4.3 2,625,000 31,500,000 11,287,500 135,450,000 Vo Queo Son district reservoir 126 Household size Average Average Average income/ Average income/ No. Reservoirs Locations (persons/househol income/household/ income/househol person/month person/year d) month d/year Average 4.2 2,695,000 32,340,000 11,467,833 137,614,000 Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 127 ❖ Poverty The Prime Minister promulgated the multi-dimensional approach poverty standards for the period of 2016-2020. In particular, the criteria are clearly stipulated for multi-dimensional poverty measurement approach and standards about poor households, near-poor households and households with average living standards to be applied in the period of 2016-2020. The multi-dimensional poverty criteria for the period of 2016-2020 are income and basic social service shortage. Regarding the income criteria, the Decision regulates that the poor standard in rural areas is VND 700,000/person/month and in urban areas is VND 900,000/person/month; and the near-poor standard in rural areas is 01 million VND/person/month and in urban areas is 1.3 million VND/person/month. In terms of the criteria of basic social service shortage. The Decision clearly states five basic social services: Health care; education; housing; clean water and sanitation; and information. The basic social service shortage includes 10 indicators: Health services; health insurance; education level of adults; school attendance status of children; housing quality; housing area per capita; domestic water sources; hygienic latrines; telecommunications services; and property for access to information. Based on such evaluation criteria, every year the communes review and evaluate data on poor and near-poor households. The following table summarises the data of poor and near-poor households in 15 project communes in 2020. Table 35: Number of Poor Households Classified by Communes (2020) Number of Percentage near- Poor household Near-poor No. Communes poor poor households percentage (%) households households (%) 1 Mong Hoa 44 3.5 53 4.2 2 Quang Tien 32 3.2 43 4.3 3 Ky Son ward 91 6.81 52 3.9 4 Yen Phu 195 11.3 461 26.7 5 Van Nghia 510 32.2 836 52.8 6 Yen Nghiep 131 9.9 151 11.4 7 Tan Lap 388 20.4 365 19.4 8 Doan Ket 117 11.63 112 11.1 Hang Tram 9 town 55 3.1 55 3.1 10 Lac Thinh 92 5.36 47 2.74 11 Cu Yen 23 2.3 31 3.1 12 Thanh Cao 75 8.22 47 5.1 13 Hung Son 88 10.8 66 8.1 14 Tu Ne 95 9.8 78 8.1 15 Thong Nhat 22 2.6 16 1.9 Total 1,958 1,958 2,413 Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 According to the table above, the communes with the high poverty rate are Doan Ket commune with 11.63% and Yen Phu commune with 11.3%. These are two communes with large number of ethnic minority people. However, there are no AHs which are poor households. 128 4.4.3 Ownership of Land, Houses and Other Assets ❖ Land ownership Regarding the status of land ownership, the survey results that most of residential land is granted with red books – Land use right certificates (LURCs), accounting for 94.2%. To be named in the red books are usually husbands heads of households (52.1%) and only 29.5% of LURCs are named both spouses. For those who do not have LURCs, local authorities and households themselves are doing procedures to apply for the certification of LURCs. The situation of land dispute and land encroachment still exists in some communes but this figure is not significant. Regarding production land, 87% (241 households) own land use right certificates (LURCs), in which the LURCs are named after husbands account for 51.5%; the LURCs are named after husbands and wives account for 28.2%; and the LURCs are named after wives account for 12.9%. ❖ Housing and accommodations People's houses in the subproject communes have many different designs and structures. The survey results show that the percentage of households with permanent houses accounts for the highest (52%); semi-permanent houses accounts for the second (46.6%); and wooden thatched-roof houses accounts for the third (1.4%). The observations show that temporary houses are made of simple materials such as timbers and leaves. This type of houses is usually built by ethnic minority people. Other types of houses are stably built with concrete and brick walls. Chart 2: Types of Houses in the Subproject Area Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 The economic conditions of the households tend to be better. The type of housing that has been chosen to build in the recent years is concrete-roof one-floor or two-floor houses. The houses are also separated from kitchen and ancillary facilities such as bathrooms or toilets. ❖ Family amenities The survey results show that the most common amenities purchased by households are essential such as: TV with 96.03%; motorcycles: 91.7%; mobile phones: 96.75%; gas stoves: 91.34%. Other items such as refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, water heaters are also commonly used in better-off households in 15 subproject communes. The current use of family amenities is shown in detail in the chart below. 129 Chart 3: Family Amenities in the Subproject Area Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 The households in the survey sample have a fairly diversified number of amenities, which not only meet their basic daily living needs but also are quite comfortable tending for more and more modern appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, computers, etc. Toilets In the subproject communes, 100% of the households have latrines/toilets. The most common type is septic and semi-septic toilets with 84.8%, following by two-compartment toilets with 13%; simple toilets with 2.2%. The model of toilets built with other ancillary facilities (bathrooms, houses) is also increasingly. The houses built in recent years are accompanied with toilets for convenient living. Chart 4: Status of Using Toilets Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 130 4.4.4 Access to Social Services a) Transport infrastructure In general, the network of lane/alley roads leading to households in the subproject communes is still not synchronized, not meeting the local development demand in the current conditions. Asphalt and concrete are only for main roads of communes and villages, national highways and inter-commune and inter-district roads. Specifically, the current state of transport infrastructure in 15 communes is as follows: - Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city: The total number of rural roads in the commune is 28.5 km, in which there are 06 km of asphalted roads, 22.1 km of concrete roads and 0.4 km of earth roads. The traffic is convenient and motorbikes are accessible to roads. - Mong Hoa commune, Hoa Binh city: The system of bridges and roads has been concreted in the whole commune. The organization of maintenance of degraded rural roads, management of water supply works, and maintenance of irrigation works to serve the production have been completed. - Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son district: The commune, inter-commune and inter- village roads are relatively complete, which are mainly concrete roads. Every year, all unions and people are mobilized to repair roadbeds and clear rights of ways etc. to facilitate traffic for daily life and production. In 2018, in the whole commune hundreds of labors were mobilized to build 6,800m long of concrete road and repair 5km of earth and gravel roads. - Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy district: Total number of commune's rural roads includes 79.97km of which: • Roads from commune center to district center: 7km long has been paved with 100% asphalt. • Inter-commune roads: 4.5 km long has been paved with 100% asphalt. • Inter-village roads: with a total length of 23.87 km, currently 13.3 km of concrete have been hardened. The rest are earth roads. • Alleys: with a total length of 14.5 km, 2.69 km of concrete have been hardened. The rest are earth roads without muddy. • Intra-field roads: the total length of the routes is 30.1 km. • At present. The commune is continuing to solidify 6180 m long of inter-village roads. - Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district: The system of inter-village roads and hamlets in the commune is relatively harmonious and most of them have been hardened. In 2018, 50.5 km of roads were repaired, including 10.3 km of inter-commune roads, 40.1 km of inter-village road, 0.1 km of village roads, upgrading landslide road in Bai village, Ben Ky spillway, Doi Boi inter-village road. - Hang Tram town, Yen Thuy district: The system of hardening inter-village roads and hamlets in the commune remains low, mainly gravel roads and earth roads, and difficulties in traveling. Total number of rural roads in the commune is 66.56 km, in which inter-commune road is 13.5 km, village road is 4.9 km, alley is 31.96 km, infield is 16.2 km. - Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy district: The status of the commune roads is as follows: • Inter-commune roads: There are 7 routes with total length of 20 km, of which 03 km has been hardened with asphalt; 6 km has been concreted; the rest of 11 km is earth road. The road width is 3.5 m and the roadbed is 5m wide, on average. • Inter-village roads: There are 8 routes with total length of 15.2 km, of which 5 km has been asphalted; 1.1 km has been concreted; the remaining 9.1 km is earth road. The road width is 3m wide and the roadbed is 5m wide, on average. 131 • Village roads: Total length is 42.1 km, of which 9.3 km has been hardened (22.1%); the rest of 32.8 km is earth road. The road width is 2-4m and the roadbed is 3-6m, on average. • Infield road: Total length is 29.7 km, of which 3 km has been hardened (10.1%); the rest of 26.7 km is earth road. The width is 2 5m, on average. - Quang Tien commune, Hoa Binh city: The rural traffic in the commune is convenient, which is mostly concreted and hardened. - Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district: 100% of inter-commune roads and inter-village roads are basically hardened. - Thanh Cao commune, Luong Son district: 100% of inter-commune roads and inter- village roads are basically hardened. - Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district: 100% of inter-commune roads and inter-village roads are basically hardened. - Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district: The traffic is still quite difficult. More concrete roads were hardened in Don hamlet by the year of 2018. Other road projects are being implemented as Doi hamlet Pheo hamlet road, Am hamlet Ken hamlet road. The maintenance and repair of infrastructure works is under the new rural program. - Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district: The whole commune has a total of 73 km of roads, of which 15 km are asphalt roads and 39 km are concrete roads. The rest of 19 km are earth roads. In 2018, 2,281m of road from Nganh hamlet to Chieng hamlet were hardened. The survey for the investment preparation of more than 2km from Chieng hamlet to Dac hamlet is being implemented. - Hung Son commune, Kim Boi district: 95% of the commune's rural roads have been concreted and hardened. - Ky Son ward, Hoa Binh city: The whole commune has a total of 31.9 km of traffic roads, of which 26.4 km have been concreted and hardened (82.8%) and 5.5 km is soil and gravel road. b) Water supply, drainage and flooding ❖ Water supply Clean water is one of the criteria for evaluating the development and of civilization of local people. The survey on water source for daily use of the households in the subproject area showed that most of the households in the subproject area use water in bored, drilled wells and dug wells accounting for 81.7%; tap water 9.0%. There 9.3% of HH still use water from stream and ravine. No HH use rain water for domestic activities. Table 36: Water Sources for Living Activities Clean water (tap Well water Water from ravine Number of No. Reservoirs Locations water) households QTY. Percentage QTY. Percentage QTY. Percentage Mong Hoa Du 1 commune, 17 89.5 2 10.5 0 0.0 19 reservoir Hoa Binh city Quang Tien Me 2 commune, 14 82.4 3 17.6 0 0.0 17 reservoir Hoa Binh city 3 Tha Ky Son 15 75.0 5 25.0 0 0.0 20 132 Clean water (tap Number of No. Reservoirs Locations Well water Water from ravine water) households reservoir ward, Hoa Binh city Thong Thong Nhat 4 Nhat commune, 10 58.8 7 41.2 0 0.0 17 reservoir Hoa Binh city Hung Son Cau commune, 5 17 94.4 1 5.6 0 0.0 18 reservoir Kim Boi district Thanh Cao Cham Sy commune, 6 15 78.9 0 0.0 4 21.1 19 reservoir Luong Son district Cu Yen commune, Dom 7 Luong 16 94.1 0 0.0 1 5.9 17 reservoir Son district Doan Ket Luong Bai commune, 8 15 83.3 0 0.0 3 16.7 18 reservoir Yen Thuy district Lac Thinh Thuong commune, 9 16 80.0 0 0.0 4 20.0 20 reservoir Yen Thuy district Hang Tram Sung 10 town, Yen 13 65.0 7 35.0 0 0.0 20 reservoir Thuy district Tu Ne Na Ai commune, 11 17 85.0 0 0.0 3 15.0 20 reservoir Tan Lac district Yen Khoang Nghiep 12 Chia commune, 15 78.9 0 0.0 4 21.1 19 reservoir Lac Son district Van Nghia Nang 13 commune, 17 89.5 0 0.0 2 10.5 19 reservoir Lac Son district Tan Lap Dang commune, 14 16 88.9 0 0.0 2 11.1 18 reservoir Lac Son district 133 Clean water (tap Number of No. Reservoirs Locations Well water Water from ravine water) households Ngoc Vo Yen Phu reservoir, commune, 15 13 81.3 0 0.0 3 18.8 16 Vo Queo Lac Son reservoir district Total 226 81,7 25 9.0 26 9.3 277 Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 ❖ Drainage During the survey, the surveyors combined in-depth interviews with site observations to give out the most general assessments on the current status of drainage in residential areas. The survey results show that only 15.5% of the total households answered that there are sewers in their hamlets/alleys. In general, the drainage system in the subproject area is still very restricted and asynchronous and only available in some main roads in the communes, which causes rain water and domestic wastewater running into reservoirs, ponds, gardens, etc. Untreated wastewater discharging directly into the environment pollutes water sources and affects the living environment of households. This also a source of potential risk of pandemic out-breaking. ❖ Flooding The consultation results with local authorities and surveyed households show that most of the residential areas in 15 subproject communes are not flooded in rainy seasons as they are located in high altitude areas. Only low altitude areas are flooded but they are mostly productive land and people do not settle in low land. c) Power supply and electricity use According to the survey results, all households in the subproject area now have access to and use the national grid. The quality of electricity supplied to households is relatively good. The survey results also show that 100% of households use electricity from the national grid and the quality of the power network is good as confirmed by 85% of households, only 15% of the households commented that the power quality is just average. In general, according to the current demand. The electricity supply network for people is guaranteed and stable. d) Environment sanitation In the subproject area, waste is mainly collected and treated by households themselves by burying or burning in gardens. In the in-depth interviews and group discussions, the community also commented that garbage is not collected, especially for households staying deep in alleys/neighbours and undeveloped roads and discarded waste indiscriminately into drainage ditches are causing congestion and environmental pollution. Thus, it can be seen that waste is also one of the problems causing environmental pollution and affecting people's lives when it is not collected properly in the right places. Like other provinces in the country, the waste collection status in Hoa Binh province is a problem that has not been found a thorough solution. Currently, waste is collected and treated roughly by bury or burn because finding an effective and thorough waste treatment method requires scientific, technological and economic conditions to be able to do so. e) Other social services 134 Markets In general, all subproject communes have markets. Despite temporary structure, these markets are in good operation. They are where people buy and sell, exchange food, foodstuffs and essential items to cover their daily needs etc. Medical services In general, all communes in the subproject area have medical stations that meet the commune healthcare national standards for the period of 2011-2020. Commune health stations are solidly built by reinforced concrete, with full medical equipment, and medical staff are developed both in number and profession qualification. Commune medical stations are considered the primary health care line for people. The results of interviewing households in the subproject area about healthcare services show that the rate of medical examination and treatment at commune health stations is quite high, with 40.4%. However. The stations are mainly for checking common diseases, vaccination, periodically diagnosing children and distribution of medicines to people with meritorious services and people buying the insurance. When catching an illness, people often get used to going to reputable facilities like district hospitals (21.7%), provincial hospitals (11.6%), central hospitals (3.6%), polyclinics (5.4%). In addition, there is a small percentage (17.3%) of self-medication without a doctor's prescription. Table 37: Health Care Services in Subproject Area Number No. Health stations Percentages of HHs 1 Commune medical stations 112 40.4 2 District hospitals 60 21.7 3 Province hospital 32 11.6 4 Central hospital 10 3.6 5 Polyclinics 15 5.4 6 Self-medication 48 17.3 Total 277 100 Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA-SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 In the subproject area, people suffering from colds, fever and respiratory diseases make up the highest percentage with 40.4% and 21.3%, which affect both adults and children. 17.3% said that they often suffer from diarrhea. Besides, people in the subproject area got such diseases as hepatitis, diabetes, cancer, etc. According to the focus group discussions with people in the subproject area. These diseases are caused by unhygienic drinking water, unsafe foods and drink and poor sanitation, etc. 4.4.5 Healthcare and Social Evils The results of community consultation and focus group discussions with local people showed that: The common diseases in the subproject area are listed in Table 38. Table 38: Common Diseases in Subproject Area Subproject areas No. Diseases Percentage (%) Infected to 1 Diarrhea 17.3 1 2 Respiration diseases 21.3 2 135 Subproject areas No. Diseases Percentage (%) Infected to 3 Fever 40.4 3 4 Skin diseases 5.1 4 5 Hepatitis 1.4 5 6 Diabetes 2.9 6 7 Others 11.6 7 Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 In the subproject area, people suffering from colds, fever and respiratory diseases make up the highest percentage with 40.4% and 21.3%, which affect both adults and children. 17.3% said that they often suffer from diarrhea. Besides, people in the subproject area got such diseases as hepatitis, diabetes, cancer, etc. Social issues in 15 subproject communes are mostly family affairs and alcohol addiction. Drug abuse are not present in these areas. Drug users and HIV patients are mostly people working in big cities, got infected and went back to home. During the subproject implementation, to prevent and mitigate emerging diseases (especially HIV/AIDS), social evils (especially drugs), issues relating to gender inequality... The PPMU, construction units, local authorities and relating units should strengthen the communications, health education for people and workers who work in the subproject area, and well implement the Gender Action Plan, Community Health Action Plan, Participation Plan and Communication Strategy for Stakeholders (the details of these action plans have been developed and attached in the Annexes of this SA report). Covid-19 outbreak has seriously affected life and socio-economic situation in the world as well as in Vietnam. In such the complicated situation of Covid 19 pandemic, the whole country faces 381,363 infection cases (Hoa Binh: 303 cases), of which there are 9,349 deaths, 190,488 recovery cases (Hoa Binh: 296 cases), and 181,526 cases are being treated (Hoa Binh: 7 cases) (according to the portal website of the Department of Health of Hoa Binh province on August 26, 2021). Thus, although the number of Covid-19 infections in Hoa Binh province is not high, the local authorities of 15 communes in Subproject 3 area of 6 districts/cities are mandatory to take measures to respond to the outbreak, specifically: - Appropriate preventive measures for construction workers such as: making health declarations; registeration of temporary residence and temporary absence with the commune authorities. In addition, the contractors need to take preventive measures to raise awareness for employees and develop Covid-19 risk management plans integrated into the contractors’ environmental management plans. - For local authorities: Take vigilance to the pandemic risks, uphold the responsibility of the leaders to implement measures drastically, synchronously and effectively to prevent and control the pandemic, set out the motto "active prevention, early detection, quick isolation, effective treatment, definitive treatment, and quick control of the situation"; continue the strategy of strictly controlling outside infection sources, zoning the pandemic choroughly, and effectively treating it; strictly implement pandemic prevention and control measures, directing the propagation and establishment of "green zones" in each residential area, hamlet, village and sub-zone; request each citizen, in addition to strictly complying the epidemic prevention and control measures, only leaving houses when absolutely necessary; continue to promote the role of jointly participating in the establishment of self-governing areas such as 136 neighborhoods, safe residential areas, alleys and residential clusters; the people's committees of the communes and townships direct, propagate and mobilize the establishment of "Green zone protection posts" which means non-pandemic areas; which are established by villages, hamlets, residential areas, and residential groups under the directions of the local party committees, local authorities, mass organizations in residential areas with the support and participation of all fellow citizens; proactively prevent the pandemic when it has not yet occurred and promote the participation of all classes of people in keeping the safety for their villages, hamlets, residential quarters and residential areas. The people's committees of the communes and townships regularly propagate and control the strict implementation of social distancing measures. 4.4.6. Gender Issues in Subproject Area The socioeconomic survey shows that the rate of female participants in the survey is almost similar to men, out of 277 interviewees, women account for 43.3% (120 people) and men account for 56.7% (157 people). The survey results also show that women in the subproject area have a good awareness of socio-economic issues and actively participate in local community movements and activities. Women's position has been changed higher. In recent years, with the support of the Women's Union, women have actively participated in community meetings. They take the initiative in making decisions about household affairs (spending and saving for their families. Their kids’ education and their jobs) and social issues in the communities (discussing techniques for proposed works). The Respondents’ gender in the communes is presented in detail in the Table below. Table 39: Respondents’ Gender Respondents’ gender Total No. Reservoirs Locations number of Male Female respondents Mong Hoa QTY. 11 8 19 1 Du reservoir commune, Hoa Binh city Percentage (%) 57.9 42.1 100 Quang Tien QTY. 9 8 17 2 Me reservoir commune, Hoa Binh city Percentage (%) 52.9 47.1 100 Tha Ky Son ward, QTY. 11 9 20 3 reservoir Hoa Binh city Percentage (%) 55.0 45.0 100 Thong Nhat QTY. 8 9 17 Thong Nhat 4 commune, Hoa reservoir Percentage (%) 47.1 52.9 100 Binh city Hung Son QTY. 9 9 18 Cau 5 commune, Kim reservoir Percentage (%) 50.0 50.0 100 Boi district Thanh Cao QTY. 11 8 19 Cham Sy commune, 6 reservoir Luong Son Percentage (%) 57.9 42.1 100 district Cu Yen QTY. 10 7 17 Dom commune, 7 reservoir Luong Son Percentage (%) 58.8 41.2 100 district Doan Ket QTY. 10 8 18 Luong Bai 8 commune, Yen reservoir Percentage (%) 55.6 44.4 100 Thuy district 9 Thuong Lac Thinh QTY. 12 8 20 137 Total No. Reservoirs Locations Respondents’ gender number of respondents reservoir commune, Yen Percentage (%) 60.0 40.0 100 Thuy district Hang Tram QTY. 11 9 20 Sung 10 town, Yen reservoir Percentage (%) 55.0 45.0 100 Thuy district Tu Ne QTY. 9 11 20 Na Ai 11 commune, Tan reservoir Percentage (%) 45.0 55.0 100 Lac district Yen Nghiep QTY. 11 8 19 Khoang Chia 12 commune, Lac reservoir Percentage (%) 57.9 42.1 100 Son district Van Nghia QTY. 12 7 19 Nang 13 commune, Lac reservoir Percentage (%) 63.2 36.8 100 Son district Tan Lap QTY. 12 6 18 Dang 14 commune, Lac reservoir Percentage (%) 66.7 33.3 100 Son district Ngoc Vo Yen Phu QTY. 11 5 16 reservoir 15 commune, Lac Vo Queo Son district Percentage (%) 68.8 31.3 100 reservoir QTY. 157 120 277 Total Percentage 56,7 43.3 100 (%) Source: Socio-economic survey in 2018, updated to December 2020 according to SA- SUB3 approved by the WB in 7/2021 4.5 Sensitive Receptors The subproject is implemented in 15 communes and scattered in 6 districts of Hoa Binh province. The subproject's implementation on a large-scale will have impacts on the environment and local people's activities. The sensitive receptors to be identified during the construction of the reservoirs are presented in the table below. Table 40. Status of Sensitive Receptors Locations Current status Photos of current status of works 1) Du ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, nature protected area. It is far from Mong Hoa Ba Vi National Park about 25 km to commune, Hoa the North. Binh city ▪ On the expected transportation route (HW.6). There is a section passing Hoa Mai kindergarten, about 3 km far from the construction site. The kindergarten has about 150 children from 2.5 to 5 years old who are the children of the people in Mong Hoa Gate of Hoa Mai Kindergarten commune. The kindergarten is located close to HW.6, about 15- 20m. 138 Locations Current status Photos of current status of works Current status of HW6 transport route passing the Kindergarten 2) Me ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, nature protected area. It is far from Quang Tien Ba Vi National Park about 30km to commune, Hoa the North; Binh city ▪ On the transport route. There are Hoa Ban kindergarten, Yen Quang Primary and Secondary School in Mun 6 hamlet. The center of Quang Hoa Ban Kindergarten Tien commune, Hoa Binh city. The construction site is far from about 1.5km. Currently. The schools have about 150 200 students who are children of people in Yen Quang commune (now Quang Tien commune). The schools are close to PR.446, about 15-20m. Yen Quang Primary and Secondary School 3) Ngoc Vo ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, Yen nature protected area. It is 5km far Phu commune, from Cuc Phuong National Park to Lac Son the North; district. ▪ The area is sparsely populated, most of which is agricultural land and production forest land of people in the commune. There are no sensitive objects that need to be taken care of during the construction process. Current status of land use in the construction area 4) Thong Nhat ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, nature protected area. It is far from Thong Nhat Ba Vi National Park about 45km; commune, Hoa ▪ Thong Nhat High School is located Binh city. on the way to the reservoir, 100m far from the construction site. The whole school currently has 155 students including 9 classes with full solid facilities as prescribed by laws. Location of Thong Nhat school on the map 139 Locations Current status Photos of current status of works 5) Vo Queo ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, Yen nature protected area. It is 65km far Phu commune, from Cuc Phuong National Park Lac Son Nho Quan district, Ninh Binh district province; ▪ Through the investigation. There are not sensitive objects that need to be concerned during the construction of the work items. The area is sparsely populated, most of which is agricultural land. Current status of land use in the construction area 6) Luong Bai ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, Doan nature protected area. It is 5km far Ket commune, from Cuc Phuong National Park to Yen Thuy the southwest and 30 km far from district. Ngo Luong Nature Reserve to the West; ▪ Doan Ket kindergarten in Dong Bai hamlet is located on the way to the reservoir. The kindergarten is about 2 km far from the construction site. Location of the kindergarten and the current status of construction transportation route 7) Dom ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, Cu nature protected area. It is 25 km Yen commune, northwest far from Ba Vi National Lac Son Park; district ▪ The expected transportation route will pass through Cu Yen commune PC, commune health station and Ram hamlet cultural house. The works are 15-20 m far from the road Current status of the expected transport route and about 1km far from the and locations of headquarters and committees construction reservoir; along the route ▪ Located at the foot of Dom reservoir dam is a Anas platyrhynchos eco-tourism zone, which is a culinary resort in Gieng Xa hamlet, Cu Yen commune. Currently. The eco-tourism zone is managed by a private company, renting local land and built with full of infrastructure for business. The gate to the eco-tourism area 140 Locations Current status Photos of current status of works 8) Thuong ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, Lac nature protected area, 1 km Thinh southwest of Cuc Phuong National commune, Yen Forest and 45 km west of Ngo Thuy district. Luong Nature Reserve; ▪ Thuong Temple, Lac Thinh commune is located near the construction reservoir about 20m and close to Cuc Phuong National Forest, established and managed by local people. Religious activities take place on the 1st and full moon Thuong Temple, Thuong hamlet, Lac Thinh of every month. commune 9) Sung ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, Hang nature protected area. It is 5km far Tram town, from Cuc Phuong National Park to Yen Thuy the southwest; district. ▪ In the construction area there is a system of canals and ditches to carry water from the reservoir to the downstream. The current status are concrete ditches, which are good for local irrigation activities. Current status of canal in the subproject area 10) Cham Sy ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, nature protected area. It is 35km far Thanh Cao from Cuc Phuong National Park to commune, the south; Luong Son ▪ On the expected transport route is district. HW.21, passing Thanh Luong kindergarten and primary and Thanh Luong Kindergarten secondary school. Currently, the schools have about 50-150 students who are children of people in the commune. The school is located close to HW.21 about 15-20m. Thanh Luong Primary and Secondary School 11) Khoang ▪ The reservoir is not located in a Chia reservoir, nature reserve; Yen Nghiep ▪ Primary-Kindergarten School commune, Lac branch of Yen Nghiep commune Son district. Luc hamlet. It is located the way to Khoang Chia reservoir. The school is about 600m from the construction site. Branch Primary School Kindergarten in Luc hamlet 141 Locations Current status Photos of current status of works 12) Na Ai ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, Tu nature protected area; Ne commune, ▪ The route for transporting waste Tan Lac soil, used for leveling the sports district. field of Bin hamlet, passes Muong Chua market, Kindergarten (Chua hamlet, Tu Ne commune). The Muong Chua Market objects are far from the construction reservoir about 3km. The kindergarten is located on the waste transportation route 13) Nang ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, Van nature protected area; Nghia ▪ Through the investigation. There are commune, Lac not sensitive objects that need to be Son district. concerned during the construction of the work items. The area is sparsely populated, most of which is agricultural land and productive forest land. 14) Dang ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, Tan nature protected area; Lap commune, ▪ The expected transportation route of Lac Son dumping soil (the road to Mien Doi district. commune) passes Tan Lap CPC and adjacent to Chieng market; the market is often crowded in every mornings. The objects are far from The transportation route passes PC Tan the construction reservoir about Lap commune and Chieng market 2km. 15) Cau ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, nature protected area; Hung Son ▪ In the reservoir construction area, commune, Kim within a radius of 500m. There is Boi district. Bac Son High School. The school manages about more than 500 students who are children of local people and the surrounding area. Bac Son High School 16) Tha ▪ The reservoir is not located in a reservoir, Ky nature protected area; Son ward, Hoa ▪ On the road to the construction Binh city. reservoir. There is a local concrete ditch crossing the road that is carrying water from the reservoir to irrigate agricultural land in the area of Dong Song hamlet. Current status of the across concrete ditch 142 CHAPTER V. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 5.1 Types and Scale of Impacts The subproject will cause certain impacts during the construction; however, the impact level is medium and can be minimized. Upon the completion of construction, the residential areas in the 16 reservoirs will be benefited from the restoration of public services/facilities, which promote economic growth and access to social services. Important flood control structures that are roads and dams to be repaired, solidified, rehabilitated will increase the safety for people and property in bad weather conditions. Potential negative impacts are identified and screened at each subproject component from the preparation phase to the operational phase and classified according to the nature of the construction works. Most impacts are negative, temporary, local and reversible due to small to medium-sized construction scale of the works. Impacts can be minimized by applying appropriate technologies and specific mitigation measures with the close monitoring of the Consultant, PPMU and local communities. The table below defines the levels of negative impacts based on the levels of waste generation by construction activities8. Table 41. The Criteria for Classification of Negative Impacts Impact/Levels Low Medium High Wastewater Exceeding the Exceeding the technical Exceeding the technical discharge (domestic technical waste waste regulation from 1.1 waste regulation to more and industrialregulation from 1.1 times to less than 1.5 than 3 times and the wastewater) times to less than 1.5 times and the discharge discharge volume is times and the volume is less than 5 10 more than 10 m3/day discharge volume is m3/day less than 5 m3/day Dust and Emissions Exceeding the Exceeding the standard of Exceeding the standard standard of 1.1 times 1.5 times to less than 3 of 3 times with the to less than 1.5 times times with the emission emission level more than with the emission level level of less than 500 – 5000 m3/hour of less than 500 5000 m3/hour m3/hour Noise Exceeding the Exceeding the standard of Exceeding the standard standard of 2 to 5 dB 5 to 10 dB of 10 dB Vibration Exceeding the Exceeding the standard of Exceeding the standard standard of 2 to 5 dB 5 to 10 dB of 10 dB Domestic solid Generating less than Generating from 1,000 to Generating more than waste 1,000 kg/day 2,000 kg/day 2,000 kg/day Hazardous solid Generating less than Generating 100 – 600 Generating 600 kg/ day waste 100 kg/ day kg/day Explosion-fire, oil Less than 2,000 kg 2,000 to 10,000 kg More than 10,000 kg spillage Potential negative environmental and social impacts are also broken down by types such as direct, indirect, short-term, long-term and cumulative impacts. Direct impacts: The direct impacts occur through the direct interaction of a subproject activity with environmental and social or economic components. 8 Based on Decree No.155/2016/ND-CP on sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection. 143 Indirect impacts: environment and social indirect impacts are those which are not directly resulted by the subproject implementation, which is often created later or as a result of a real complex impact. Indirect effects are also known as secondary effects or even tertiary effects. Cumulative impacts: the impacts that occur as a result of a combination of the subproject with other projects that cause associated impacts. These impacts occur when the incremental impact of the subproject is combined with the cumulative effects of past, present, or future projects that have the potential for predictability. Temporary impacts: the impacts that occur during the construction or within a short period of time after the construction. Permanent impacts: the impacts that arise during the construction but most of the results appear in the operational phase and can last for decades. 5.2 Positive Environment and Social Impacts 5.2.1 Social Impacts The subproject after being completed will bring benefits to the community and local authorities, namely, dam body and dam slope to be rehabilitated will ensure safety for downstream areas in rainy seasons, limit leakage and loss of water, ensure the flow of irrigation water for agricultural production in the downstream in accordance to the local government's production regulation plan, increase productivity and agricultural productivity as well as crop yields and aquaculture development. The works to be rehabilitated will ensure the stable supply for paddy and vegetable areas throughout the year in the downstream of 15 communes. They supply water for aquaculture area and limit negative impacts on the environment, landscapes of the reservoir areas and downstream. They stabilize the aquaculture water surface non-agricultural production and business, increase income and living standard as well as create more jobs and income, especially for unskilled and seasonal workers. Increase of proactive irrigation area The investment in rehabilitation of 16 dams/reservoirs will stabilize the irrigation water for 2074 ha to be active in planning cultivation, crop seasons, seedling structure for the downstream to step by step contribute to improving infrastructure and living conditions in difficult areas. Impact on management capacity, operation of irrigation systems The second year of the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (DRSIP) will improve the safety of the reservoirs and help the local authorities in the project area to develop long-term development strategies and scenarios, taking into account climate change scenarios and realizing activities to implement the national target program on climate change mitigation and adaptation, e.g., the Water Resources Development Strategy up to 2020 with a vision to 2050, the National Strategy for Rural Clean Water Supply and Sanitation up to 2020, the Program on Socio-economic Development in Mountainous Areas up to 2020, and the National Target Program for Developing New Rural Areas… 5.2.2 Environment Impacts (a) Impact on air quality and microclimate condition The rehabilitation of the reservoir construction works will affect the air environment at the construction phase but in small space and impacts are local and intermittent. When the reservoirs are operated, they will have positive impacts on the change of some meteorological factors in the areas. For example, the stabilization of water surface will change the microclimate condition of each reservoir area and the moisture which is relating to the continental dry, nature of the climate in dry seasons. In addition, in the operation phase, the 144 subproject will increase the stability of water resources and safety for the works and the dam downstream. (b) Impact on landscapes At present, 16 reservoirs being exploited have spillways but some draining culverts are leaked. The slopes are not concreted and there are not roads for management and operation of the works. As proposed by the Design Consultant, to ensure the safety of the dam body, draining culverts, it needs reinforcement, replacement and concretion of the works to ensure water storage, avoid water loss and create convenience for regulating water for production and operation of the reservoirs, which will ensure the development conditions for coastal vegetation communities, creating landscapes around reservoirs and local traffic. The repairing, solidifying the management roads of 16 reservoirs will create a new look for the reservoir landscape and the surrounding area. The reservoir area will be beautiful, modern and safe. (c) Impact on the ecosystem After the construction works in 16 reservoirs are complete. The stable flows of water and irrigation will contribute to the development of aquatic and plant ecosystems in the reservoirs and the downstream areas. There will be continuously and positive impacts on the ecosystem for long time, which helps diversify and enrich the flora and the fauna in the subproject area. (d) Impact on groundwater The completion of the construction works in 16 reservoirs will stabilize the water levels and increase the water level in reservoirs and ponds, which is higher than the downstream areas. Therefore, after the reservoirs are operated. The downstream water level is always maintained year-round to meet the demand for water for daily life and cultivation of local people. 5.3 Environment and Social Potential Negative Impacts 5.3.1 Preparation Phase The subproject consists of 16 scattered components in 15 communes in 06 districts/city. The scale of each component is small and medium. The construction phase is not long. The works during this period were mainly geological survey drilling for feasibility study and detailed design, demarcation of land acquisition, demining and site clearance. Therefore, during this period, we only assess impacts from (1) compensation and land acquisition, (2) risks relating to clearance of mines and bombs, and (3) geological survey. ➢ Impact of land acquisition The IOL results in December 2018 show that the subproject implementation will affect the land, trees, crops and aquaculture of 51 households9, including: 20 permanently affected households due to land acquisition and 31 temporarily affected households during the construction. Besides, the subproject implementation affects public land managed by 15 CPCs specifically: Permanent impacts: The total permanently affected land is 25,410 m² owned by 20 households and managed by 15 CPCs as follows: - The affected agricultural land is 1,340 m2. - The affected production forest land is 1,620 m2. - The affected traffic and irrigation land, and land in the reservoir corridors managed by the CPCs is 22,450 m2. 9 Note: Some households are affected by 2 types or more. 145 Temporary impacts during the construction: 31 households will be temporarily affected during the construction of the subproject, including: - 11 households temporarily affected with agricultural land and production land. The total temporarily affected area is 28,204 m2, of which the total of 25,000 m2 is traffic and irrigation land managed by the CPCs, and the total of 3,204 m2 is agricultural land and production forest land of 11 households. - 13 households temporarily affected with aquaculture area (fish farming) due to renting the water surface of the reservoirs for aquaculture. - 07 households temporarily affected with trees and crops grown on the land managed by the CPCs. According to the IOL results, out of the total of 53 households affected by the subproject, there are: - 43 AHs belonging to the vulnerable group which are all EM households (of which 04 EM households are poor households of Muong ethnic group). - Among 20 affected households whose land is acquired, no one is severely affected in terms of agricultural production land (losing from 20% of total agricultural production area and from 10% for the households belonging to the vulnerable group). The number of households affected by the subproject is shown in Table 42, which will be more accurately determined during the DMS at the time of the RAP implementation. Table 42. Total Households Affected by the Subproject Temporary impacts during construction Numbe Perm Numb Number Total r of anent er of of (both househ effects house househol perman olds No. Reservoirs Locations due to holds ds ent and tempor land affecte affected tempor arily acquis d in in terms ary affected ition terms of effects) in of aquacult terms trees ure area of land Mong Hoa commune, Hoa 1 Du reservoir 1 - - - 1 Binh city Quang Tien commune, 2 Me reservoir - - 2 - 2 Hoa Binh city Ky Son ward, Hoa Binh 3 Tha reservoir - 2 - 2 4 city Thong Nhat Thong Nhat commune, 4 - 2 - 1 3 reservoir Hoa Binh city Cau Hung Son commune, Kim 5 - 7 - 1 8 reservoir Boi district Cham Sy Thanh Cao commune, 6 - - - 1 1 reservoir Luong Son district Dom Cu Yen commune, Luong 7 - - 2 1 3 reservoir Son district Luong Bai Doan Ket commune, Yen 8 6 - 1 7 reservoir Thuy district Thuong Lac Thinh commune, Yen 9 - - 1 1 reservoir Thuy district 146 Sung Hang Tram town, Yen 10 - - - - reservoir Thuy district Na Ai Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac 11 - - 2 1 3 reservoir district Khoang Chia Yen Nghiep commune, 12 2 - - 2 4 reservoir Lac Son district Nang Van Nghia commune, Lac 13 1 - 1 2 reservoir Son district Dang Tan Lap commune, Lac 14 - - 1 1 reservoir Son district Ngoc Vo Yen Phu commune, Lac 15 4 - - - 4 reservoir Son district Vo Queo Yen Phu commune, Lac 16 6 - 1 - 7 reservoir Son district Total 20 11 7 13 51 (Source: RAP, 5/2018) The construction of the subproject's works will affect 53,416 m2 of agricultural land, production forest land and traffic and irrigation land of 31 households and 15 CPCs as follows: - The permanently affected land area is 25,410 m2 (agricultural land and production forest land of 20 households; transportation and irrigation land managed by the CPCs); - The temporarily affected land area is 28,204 m2 (agricultural land and production forest land of 11 households; transportation and irrigation land managed by the CPCs). The permanent land acquisition of the subproject is summarized in Table 43 below. 147 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Table 43. Total Number of the Subproject’s Permanent Land Impact Levels Permanent land acquisition impacts Agricultural Production Land managed by Total land forest land CPCs Numb Numb Reservoirs Locations Num Num Affec Num Affecte er of er of ber ber ted Affected ber Total d area affecte affecte of of area area(m2) of (m2) (m2) d d AHs AHs (m2) AHs CPCs CPCs Du reservoir Mong Hoa commune, Hoa Binh city - - 1 250 1 3,300 1 1 3,550 Me reservoir Quang Tien commune, Hoa Binh city - - - - 1 2,700 - 1 2,700 Tha reservoir Ky Son ward, Hoa Binh city - - - - 1 1,000 - 1 1,000 Thong Nhat reservoir Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city - - - - 1 1,100 - 1 1,100 Cau reservoir Hung Son commune, Kim Boi district - - - - 1 1,100 - 1 1,100 Cham Sy reservoir Thanh Cao commune, Luong Son district - - - - 1 1,300 - 1 1,300 Dom reservoir Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district - - - - 1 1,500 - 1 1,500 Luong Bai reservoir Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy district 4 390 2 320 1 900 6 1 1,610 Thuong reservoir Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy district - - - 1 750 - 1 750 Sung reservoir Hang Tram town, Yen Thuy district - - - - 1 1,300 - 1 1,300 Na Ai reservoir Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district - - - - 1 1,400 - 1 1,400 Khoang Chia reservoir Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son district 2 190 - - 1 800 2 1 990 Nang reservoir Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district - - 1 800 1 1,700 1 1 2,500 Dang reservoir Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district - - - - 1 1,200 - 1 1,200 Ngoc Vo reservoir Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district - - 4 250 1 1,300 4 1 1,550 Vo Queo reservoir Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district 6 760 - - 1 1,100 6 1 1,860 Total 12 1,340 8 1,620 16 22,450 20 16 25,410 Source: IOL, 12/2018 148 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 ✓ Impact on agricultural land The IOL results show that the implementation of the subproject's works will affect 1,340 m2 of agricultural land, of which 630 m2 is for perennial crops (mainly for longan, pomelo, banana) and 710 m2 is for annual crops (rice and crops) of 12 households in the areas of Luong Bai, Khoang Chia and Vo Queo reservoirs. However, the households are slightly affected and none of them are severely affected losing from 20% (10% for poor and vulnerable households) of their productive land. ✓ Impact on production forest land The subproject implementation will affect 1,620 m2 of production forest land of 08 households and they are planting acacia in this production forest area. ✓ Impact of temporary land acquisition during construction The IOL results show that during the construction process, the subproject works will temporarily affect 28,204 m2 of land, of which 25,000 m2 is traffic and irrigation land managed by the CPCs and 3,204 m2 is agricultural land and production forest land managed by 11 households. The land area temporarily affected during the construction are presented in Table 43. The land areas temporarily affected during the construction are mainly used as disposal sites, storage of materials, roads for transporting materials... The compensation and support for these areas will be paid by the contractors based on specific affected levels and construction times of the subproject. In case, any other structures, crops and trees are affected by the construction activities, the compensation will be also provided according to the subproject’s policy. (i) Impact on trees and crops There will be 490 m2 of crops; 250 m2 of sugarcanes; 124 fruit trees of all kinds (longan, grapefruit, banana...); 2,550 bamboo trees; and 1,568 timber trees (mainly acacia) of 38 households affected by the subproject implementation, of which 20 households will be affected due to the land acquisition and 18 households will be affected during the construction process. The affected quantity is summarized in Table 44 below. 149 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Table 44. Summary of Temporarily Affected Land Temporary impacts on land Production Land managed by Agricultural land Total forest land CPCs No. Reservoirs Locations Num Number Affected Number Number Affected ber of Affected Number Total area of affected of AHs area (m2) of affected area (m2) of AHs (m2) (m2) CPCs AHs CPCs 1 Du reservoir Mong Hoa commune, Hoa Binh city - - - - 1 1,800 - 1 1,800 2 Me reservoir Quang Tien commune, Hoa Binh city - - - - 1 1,400 - 1 1,400 3 Tha reservoir Ky Son ward, Hoa Binh city - - 2 600 1 3,000 2 1 3,600 Thong Nhat 4 Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city 2 650 - - 1 700 2 1 1,350 reservoir 5 Cau reservoir Hung Son commune, Kim Boi district 7 1,954 - - - - 7 - 1,954 Cham Sy 6 Thanh Cao commune, Luong Son district - - - - 1 1,100 - 1 1,100 reservoir 7 Dom reservoir Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district - - - - 1 2,500 - 1 2,500 Luong Bai 8 Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy district - - - - 1 1,200 - 1 1,200 reservoir Thuong 9 Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy district - - - 1 1,500 - 1 1,500 reservoir 10 Sung reservoir Hang Tram town, Yen Thuy district - - - 1 1,400 - 1 1,400 11 Na Ai reservoir Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district - - - - 1 3,100 - 1 3,100 Khoang Chia 12 Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son district - - - - 1 1,800 - 1 1,800 reservoir 13 Nang reservoir Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district - - - - 1 1,800 - 1 1,800 14 Dang reservoir Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district - - - - 1 1,300 - 1 1,300 Ngoc Vo 15 Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district - - - - 1 1,000 - 1 1,000 reservoir Vo Queo 16 Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district - - - - 1 1,400 - 1 1,400 reservoir Total 9 2,604 2 600 15 25,000 11 15 28,204 150 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Table 45. Summary of Affected Trees and Crops Number of households affected Affected trees in terms of trees and crops Affected crops Affected Fruit trees Timber trees No. Reservoirs Locations Affected trees due trees to permanent land during Suga Other acquisition constructio Banan Grapef Other rcane crops Longan Bamboo Acacia n a ruit types (m2) (m2) 1 Du reservoir Mong Hoa commune, Hoa Binh city 1 - - - - - 120 2 Me reservoir Quang Tien commune, Hoa Binh city - 2 - - - 270 - 80 3 Tha reservoir Ky Son ward, Hoa Binh city - 2 - - - - 170 - Thong Nhat 4 Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city - 2 - 2 8 - 230 150 reservoir 5 Cau reservoir Hung Son commune, Kim Boi district - 7 - - - - - - - Cham Sy 6 Thanh Cao commune, Luong Son district - - - - - - - - reservoir 7 Dom reservoir Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district - 2 - - 350 - - Luong Bai 8 Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy district 6 - 100 360 - 14 6 50 40 12 reservoir 9 Thuong reservoir Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy district - - - - - - - - 10 Sung reservoir Hang Tram town, Yen Thuy district - - - - - - - - 11 Na Ai reservoir Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district - 2 30 - - 500 - - Khoang Chia 12 Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son district 2 - 150 - - - - 900 30 - reservoir 13 Nang reservoir Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district 1 - - - - 150 300 - 14 Dang reservoir Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district - - - - - - - 80 150 - Ngoc Vo 15 Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district 4 - - - - - 90 - reservoir Vo Queo 16 Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district 6 1 130 40 10 14 250 180 16 reservoir Total 20 18 250 490 70 26 28 2,550 1,310 258 (Source: IOL, 12/2018) 151 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 (ii) Impact on aquaculture activities The IOL results show that the repair and upgrading of 16 reservoirs in the subproject area will affect the aquaculture (fish farming) of 13 households and the aquaculture surface water area is about 240,100 m2. These households are temporarily affected during the construction because the construction contractors must lower the water levels in the reservoirs to repair the inlet culverts. After the subproject is completed, the households can resume their aquaculture. The household aquaculture affected during the water cutoff for construction will be compensated according to the subproject's policy. Table 46. Temporarily Affecting Aquaculture Area during Construction Temporarily affecting aquaculture area No. Reservoirs Locations Numbe Affected r of area(m2) AHs 1 Du reservoir Mong Hoa commune, Hoa Binh city - - 2 Me reservoir Quang Tien commune, Hoa Binh city - - 3 Tha reservoir Ky Son ward, Hoa Binh city 2 10,200 Thong Nhat 4 Thong Nhat commune, Hoa Binh city 1 14,000 reservoir 5 Cau reservoir Hung Son commune, Kim Boi district 1 23,000 Cham Sy Thanh Cao commune, Luong Son 6 1 15,000 reservoir district 7 Dom reservoir Cu Yen commune, Luong Son district 1 12,700 Luong Bai 8 Doan Ket commune, Yen Thuy district 1 30,000 reservoir 9 Thuong reservoir Lac Thinh commune, Yen Thuy district 1 20,000 10 Sung reservoir Hang Tram town, Yen Thuy district - - 11 Na Ai reservoir Tu Ne commune, Tan Lac district 1 35,000 Khoang Chia 12 2 30,200 reservoir Yen Nghiep commune, Lac Son district 13 Nang reservoir Van Nghia commune, Lac Son district 1 30,000 14 Dang reservoir Tan Lap commune, Lac Son district 1 20,000 15 Ngoc Vo reservoir Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district - - 16 Vo Queo reservoir Yen Phu commune, Lac Son district - - Total 13 240,100 (iii) Temporary impact due to water cut during construction According to the results of working with the design consultants of the subproject, the construction units will reinforce the dam faces, repair the inlet culverts in the reservoirs at the end of the summer-autumn crop (the construction time is expected from November to April next year). This is when people in the areas have the least demand for irrigation water in the year. In case people need to supply water to irrigate production at this time, the construction units will use such methods as: cofferdams, diversion pumps... to ensure the supply of water for irrigation in the downstream areas. ➢ Impact due to unexploded ordnance risk (UXO) Unexploded ordnance was found throughout the country of Vietnam as a result of the wars and there have been accidental casualties relating to the existence of UXO. To minimize this risk, the Subproject Owner should work with the authorities to assess the risk and demine UXO and get their provision of UXO safety certifications prior to the construction. 152 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 ➢ Impact due to geological exploration drilling Before planning the design and construction plan, it is necessary to conduct some geological exploration. However, this process is potential to introduce impurities that affect the quality of the underground water. 5.3.2 Impact during Construction Phase (a) Construction activities and sources of impacts Construction activities: Site clearing; levelling; construction and repair of sewers; construction and upgrading of upstream and downstream dam slopes; repair and construction of spillways and sluices on flood drainage canals of spillways (Du reservoir and Me reservoir); repair and construction of management roads; construction of operation buildings; waterproofing drilling; termite treatment for dam body and surrounding environment. Sources of impacts relating to waste: (i) Solid waste sources: Waste from site clearing; site preparation; domestic waste of construction workers at the construction sites; waste from construction materials at the construction sites: scattered soil and rock, cement bags, etc. (i) Sources of liquid waste: Water for washing stones, sand and gravel; waste grease; domestic wastewater of construction workers at construction sites and campsites. Sources of emissions: Earthworks, ground levelling; construction and management roads; exploiting, transporting and unloading raw materials; concrete mixing, grout mixing; operation of the vehicle and transport system; operation of construction equipment such as bulldozers, excavators, compactors, trucks... Sources of impacts unrelating to waste: Due to the geological conditions, heavy rains, storms, winds, floods, and flooding occurring during the construction phase, hillside soil layers are potentially at risk of landslides. The construction methods in levelling and removing waste soil layers at the sloping terrain at the reservoir sides leads to increasing sandy soil washed into water bodies and increasing turbidity, which directly affects the water supply and the water use of downstream people. The poor awareness of local people and workers in managing domestic waste, washing machine and construction equipment may affect the surface water, groundwater and soil quality. During the construction phase, due to the characteristics of the subproject, many work-items may affect the amount of water for cultivation in the downstream areas. Due to the practice of agricultural cultivation and the demand for water in the downstream areas, the Subproject Owner requires the contractors to have appropriate construction solutions so as not to affect the water flows and the water quality to be supplied for these activities. However, there is no temporary impact during the dam upgrading. The source of irrigation water for agricultural land production of the communes in the subproject scope is guaranteed during the subproject implementation period. (c) Environmental impacts i) Air quality ➢ Dust and emission Dust from excavation and filling process The excavation and filling process to construct the subproject works will generate a significant amount of dust. The amount of dust = Dust pollutant coefficient x Amount of excavation and filling 153 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 The total amount of excavation and filling for the subproject works is summarized in the following table. The equivalent exchange is 1 m3 soil = 1.45 tons. Table 47. Total Quantity of Earthworks Excavation soil Total excavation Total filling Reservoirs Filling soil (m3) (m3) amount (m3) amount (tons) Luong Bai 11,519 10,095 21,614 31,340 Thuong 8,504 7,960 16,464 23,873 Sung 5,213 3,058 8,271 11,993 Khoang Chia 4,426 2,466 6,892 9,993 Ngoc Vo 11,196 9,471 20,667 29,967 Vo Queo 4,056 3,241 7,297 10,581 Me 11,854 6,796 18,650 27,043 Du 14,144 11,046 25,190 36,526 Tha 19,042 18,367 37,409 54,243 Dom 7,095 5,985 13,080 18,966 Cham Sy 2,725 2,243 4,968 7,204 Thong Nhat 6,985 5,445 12,430 18,024 Cau 23,532 16,759 40,291 58,422 Na Ai 18,763 10,006 28,769 41,715 Dang 7,093 13,277 20,370 29,537 Nang 22,196 18,474 40,670 58,972 (Source: Subproject feasibility study report “Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement, Hoa Binh province”, 7/2020) The dust pollution coefficient (E) can be calculated using the following equation: E = k x 0.0016 x (U/2.2)1.3/ (M/2)1.4 Source: Wrap Fugitive Dust Handbook, Countess Environmental 4001 Whitesail Circle, September 7, 2006 Where: E – Dust pollution coefficient (kg of dust/m3 of soil) k – Particle structure, average value 0.35 U – Average wind speed: U=1.4m/s M – Average soil moisture, in the range 0.25-4.8% (in this report, the material's humidity is 4%). Table 48. Dust Generated from Earthwork Amount Dust Amount of Concentration of Period of Amount of pollution dust of dust Reservoirs excavation earthwork dust per day coefficient generated generated and filling (day) (kg/day) (kg/tons) (kg) (µg/m3) soil (tons) Luong Bai 0.008 31,340 345.29 120 2.18 25.28 154 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Amount Dust Amount of Concentration of Period of Amount of pollution dust of dust Reservoirs excavation earthwork dust per day coefficient generated generated and filling (day) (kg/day) (kg/tons) (kg) (µg/m3) soil (tons) reservoir Thuong 0.008 23,873 263.02 120 1.66 19.26 reservoir Sung reservoir 0.008 11,993 132.13 120 0.84 9.68 Khoang Chia 0.038 9,993 1189.06 50.97 reservoir 270 4.40 Ngoc Vo 0.038 29,967 905.76 38.83 reservoir 270 3.35 Vo Queo 0.038 10,581 455.02 19.51 reservoir 270 1.69 Me reservoir 0.038 27,043 379.15 270 1.40 16.25 Du reservoir 0.038 36,526 1136.96 270 4.21 48.74 Tha reservoir 0.038 54,243 401.43 270 1.49 17.21 Dom reservoir 0.038 18,966 1026.00 270 3.80 43.98 Cham Sy 0.038 7,204 1385.79 59.40 reservoir 270 5.13 Thong Nhat 0.038 18,024 2058.00 88.22 reservoir 270 7.62 Cau reservoir 0.038 58,422 719.58 270 2.67 30.85 Na Ai 0.038 41,715 273.31 11.72 reservoir 270 1.01 Dang reservoir 0.038 29,537 683.82 270 2.53 29.31 Nang reservoir 0.038 58,972 2216.55 270 8.21 95.02 According to Pham Ngoc Dang, Air environment, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi 1997, many models can be used to calculate the moderate concentration of emissions generated due to transporting soil and rock, but the most typical formula is Sutton's modified model as follows:    − (z + h )2   − (z − h )2    0,8 * E exp   + exp     2 z  2 z  2 2    C=  zu Where: C: The concentration of pollutants in the air (mg/m3) Z: The height of the calculation point, z = 1.5  z : The diffusion coefficient in the z direction (m) is the function of the x distance in the wind direction as determined by the Slade formula: = 0.53*x0.73 x: The distance (coordinates) of the calculated point against the waste source, according to the wind direction u: The moderate wind speed (in Hoa Binh area is 1.4 m/s) h: The vehicle height compared to the surrounding ground (m) E: The pollutant load from the waste source (mg/ms). The forecast results of the pollutant loads caused by dust and exhaust fumes from transportation vehicles for the subproject construction are presented in Table 49. 155 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Table 49. Dust Dispersed from Material Transportation for Levelling Sites Amount Concentration from source (mg/m3) QCVN of dust Reservoirs 05:2013/ generated 5m 10m 50m 100m 500m 1000m BTNMT (mg/s) Luong Bai 4.53 3.14 1.90 0.59 0.35 0.21 reservoir 25.28 Thuong 3.45 2.39 1.45 0.45 0.27 0.16 reservoir 19.26 Sung 1.73 1.20 0.73 0.23 0.14 0.08 reservoir 9.68 Khoang Chia 1.45 1.00 0.61 0.19 0.11 0.07 reservoir 8.06 Ngoc Vo 4.33 3.00 1.82 0.56 0.34 0.20 reservoir 24.18 Vo Queo 1.53 1.06 0.64 0.20 0.12 0.07 reservoir 8.54 Me reservoir 21.82 3.91 2.71 1.64 0.51 0.31 0.18 Du reservoir 29.47 5.28 3.66 2.22 0.69 0.41 0.25 Tha 0.3 7.85 5.44 3.29 1.02 0.61 0.37 reservoir 43.76 Dom 2.74 1.90 1.15 0.36 0.21 0.13 reservoir 15.30 Cham Sy 1.04 0.72 0.44 0.14 0.08 0.05 reservoir 5.81 Thong Nhat 2.61 1.81 1.09 0.34 0.20 0.12 reservoir 14.54 Cau 8.45 5.86 3.54 1.10 0.66 0.40 reservoir 47.13 Na Ai 6.03 4.18 2.53 0.78 0.47 0.28 reservoir 33.66 Dang 1.73 1.20 0.73 0.23 0.14 0.08 reservoir 23.83 Nang 8.53 5.91 3.58 1.11 0.67 0.40 reservoir 47.58 Comments: The calculation results of dust concentration dispersing in the air from mining activities in 16 reservoirs show that the dust concentration is mostly lower than the permissible standards of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT at the distance of ≥ 500m from construction sites, and 100% of the construction sites have the dust concentration lower than the allowable standards at the distance of 1 km from the excavation/filling sites. As a result, the construction workers will be main impact receivers and local residents living nearby such as: (i) Thong Nhat Secondary School is located on the road to Thong Nhat reservoir and is far from the construction site about 100m; the whole school currently has 155 students including 9 classes with full facilities as equipped by laws; (ii) Thuong Temple, Lac Thinh commune is located near Thuong reservoir, about 20 m from the construction site; and (iii) Bac Son High School is located within a radius of 500m on the way to Cau reservoir construction area, the whole school has 500 students who are children of local people and surrounding areas; The impacts of dust on the construction sites are high, however, the exploitation period will be short and mitigation measures can be applied. Dust and emission from material and waste transportation vehicles 156 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 During the construction process, it is necessary to use many vehicles and equipment involved in the transportation of construction materials and waste soil. Because the main fuel consumed is Diesel oil, the operation of these vehicles and equipment will generate plenty of waste into the environment, including: hydrocarbons, COx, NOx, SO2, dust. Emission levels depend on such factors as types of engines, engine size, type of fuel, air flow, travelling distance… The emission severity also depends on such factors as road quality, traffic flow, technical quality of the vehicles, and amount of fuel burnt… Referencing to the pollution rapid assessment coefficient of the World Health Organization (WHO, 1993), the coefficients for diesel vehicles 3.5-16 tons are as follows. Table 50. Emission Coefficient from Diesel Vehicles No. Emission composition Emission coefficient (g/kg) 1 Oxit cacbon (CO) 2.9 2 VOC 0.8 3 NO2 14.4 4 SO2 4.15S 5 Bụi 0.9 Source: Heavy Duty Diesel powered Vehicles 3.5 – 16tn - Model for Air Emission Inventories and trontrol – Cont’d (Page 3-53) - Assessment of sources of air, water, and land pollution, WHO, 1993 Table 51. Total Quantity of Construction Materials and Waste During Construction Distance for Transportat Period of Number of material Reservoirs ion quantity transportati vehicle trips (7 transportation (tons) on (day) tons) (km/trip) Luong Bai 360 30 reservoir 8,432.2 1,205 Thuong reservoir 10,836.9 360 1,548 35 Sung reservoir 7,575.0 360 1,082 35 Khoang Chia 360 35 reservoir 5,584.7 798 Ngoc Vo reservoir 7,242.3 360 1,035 35 Vo Queo reservoir 4,684.1 360 669 35 Me reservoir 11,958.0 360 1,708 30 Du reservoir 18,363.7 360 2,623 30 Tha reservoir 19,125.0 360 2,732 22 Dom reservoir 8,232.2 360 1,176 30 Cham Sy reservoir 2,431.7 360 347 8 Thong Nhat 360 19 reservoir 17,779.5 2,540 Cau reservoir 19,454.1 360 2,779 21 Na Ai reservoir 13,864.0 360 1,981 20 Dang reservoir 8,173.7 360 1,168 20 Nang reservoir 10,580.3 360 1,511 25 157 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 If assuming that all transportation vehicles use diesel at the rate of 14kg/100km, the total emission and dust from material transportation processes can be calculated using the following equation: G=LxDxkxf Where: G: Total amount of pollutant (g) L: Length of distance traveled by 1 vehicle (km) D: Number of transportation trips (car turns) k: Fuel consumption norm in 100km (14kg/100km) f: Emission factor of fuel (g/kg) Using this equation, we can estimate the pollutant loads in the air by diesel vehicles as in the table below, assuming the transportation time of 8 hours per day (mostly at night). Table 52. Emission Level of Transportation Vehicles Reservoirs Emission level (mg/s) Dust TSP SO2 NOx CxHy CO Luong Bai reservoir 0.4 0.10 7.03 0.39 1.42 Thuong reservoir 0.7 0.15 10.54 0.59 2.12 Sung reservoir 0.5 0.11 7.36 0.41 1.48 Khoang Chia reservoir 0.3 0.08 5.43 0.30 1.09 Ngoc Vo reservoir 0.4 0.10 7.04 0.39 1.42 Vo Queo reservoir 0.3 0.07 4.55 0.25 0.92 Me reservoir 0.6 0.14 9.97 0.55 2.01 Du reservoir 1.0 0.22 15.30 0.85 3.08 Tha reservoir 0.7 0.17 11.69 0.65 2.35 Dom reservoir 0.4 0.10 6.86 0.38 1.38 Cham Sy reservoir 0.0 0.01 0.54 0.03 0.11 Thong Nhat reservoir 0.6 0.14 9.38 0.52 1.89 Cau reservoir 0.7 0.16 11.35 0.63 2.29 Na Ai reservoir 0.5 0.11 7.70 0.43 1.55 Dang reservoir 0.3 0.07 4.54 0.25 0.91 Nang reservoir 0.5 0.11 7.35 0.41 1.48 Comments: The process of transporting materials will generate dust and pollutants predicted above. Compared with QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, most of the pollutants are below the permissible standards except for NOx. The severity emission of pollutants depends on many factors such as distance, time and space between the emission sources. The severity impact of each work depends on the number of households living near the transportation routes. Summary: Dust and emissions generated during the construction phase are mainly from the earthwork, soil transportation vehicles, materials and the operation of construction machinery and equipment on the construction sites. When the concentration of dust and exhaust gases exceeds the allowable threshold, it will directly affect the health of workers and neighboring residents and degrade the quality of the surrounding air environment. Some sensitive works/residential areas near the reservoirs will be affected during the construction (Thong 158 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Nhat Secondary School, 100m from Thong Nhat reservoir; Thuong Temple in Lac Thinh Commune, 20m from Thuong reservoirs; Primary School-kindergarten, Yen Nghiep commune is 600m from Khoang Chia reservoirs). The construction time of the reservoirs is short, about 8 months for each. However, the concentration of dust and emissions generated depends on construction methods, quality of equipment, machinery and climatic conditions at the construction time. The impacts are temporary during the construction period and can be completely reduced. Table 53. Impacts of Air Pollutants Pollutants Impacts Affecting respirational systems, lungs, causing lung cancer Dust Hurting skin, eyes, and causing digestive problems Affecting respirational systems, entering blood stream SO2 can cause poison through skin contact, reducing sodium content in blood SOx, NOx Causing acid rain affecting the growth of vegetation Increasing the process of metal corrosion, destroying concrete materials and infrastructure Adverse impacts on the climate, ecosystem and ozone layer Reducing oxygen transportation of blood to organs and cells due to the combination of CO and hemoglobin into carboxyl-hemoglobin CO infection will affect several systems and organs, such as nervous CO system, respirational system, especially organs using large amount of oxygen, such as brain and heart, affecting the development of fetus. Causing headache, exhausting the body, causing dizziness, reducing appetite, obstructing breathing process, dulling senses. Causing lung problems CO2 Creating greenhouse effect Adverse impacts on the ecosystem ➢ Noise During the repairing and upgrading of the construction items, many construction machines and equipment must be used. Noise from the operation of equipment and machinery will affect workers and residents living near the construction sites and along the provincial roads and local roads. For each construction item, noise levels are calculated from the specific noise level of each type of machinery and equipment. The distance to assess the noise impact on a surrounding residential area is selected from 50 - 200 m. 159 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Table 54. Maxium Noise from Construction Machines Noise level Noise level Noise level Name of engine, from source from source from source No. No. equipment 1m (dBA) 20 m (dBA) 50 m (dBA) 1 Bulldozer 93 82 76.6 70 2 Excavator 72 - 84 61.5 - 73.5 55.5-67.5 49.5-61.5 3 Roller 72 - 74 61.5-63.5 55.5-57.5 49.5-51.5 4 Concrete mixer 75 - 88 64.5-77.5 58.5-71.5 52.5-65.5 5 Truck 82 - 94 71.5-83.5 65.5-77.5 59.5-71.5 QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT 70 dBA (6 -21h) for normal area 55 dBA(2h-6h) The Ministry of Health’s standard: Noise in manufacturing sector in the exposure time of 8 hours is 85 dBA Source: US Commission on Environmental Protection - Noise from construction equipment and construction machinery NJID, 300.1, December 31, 1971 The noise-level results are as follows: The noise level at a distance of 200 meters of some machinery still exceeds the allowable limit of QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT such as trucks, bulldozers. The noise of other machinery is within the allowable limits. According to the table, when the distance doubles, the noise reduces by 6dBA. The nearest concentration residential area is about 1÷2km from the subproject area, so the noise of machinery and equipment operating on the construction site causes almost no impact on people in the subproject area. The noise only affects a part of construction workers at the construction sites and some households living near the dams about 50-200m and affects religious activities of people in Thuong Temple, Lac Thinh commune on the monthly 1st and full moon (Thuong reservoir, Lac Thich commune, Yen Thuy district is located near Thuong Temple, 20m from the construction area). Noise also affects sensitive works along the material transporting loops to the reservoirs: Hoa Mai Kindergarten, Mong Hoa commune (Du reservoir); Hoa Ban Kindergarten, Yen Quang Primary and Secondary School (Me reservoir); Doan Ket Kindergarten, Doan Ket commune (Luong Bai reservoir); the People's Committee of Cu Yen commune, the commune health station, the cultural house and the eco-tourism area (Dom reservoir); Thanh Luong Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary School (Cham Sy reservoir); Primary School, Kindergarten in Yen Nghiep commune (Khoang Chia reservoir); Muong Chua market, Tu Ne kindergarten (Na Ai reservoir); the People's Committee of Tan Lap commune and Gieng Market (Dang reservoir); Bac Son High School (Tha reservoir). However, this impact is assessed to be insignificant because: (i) excess soil arising from the dam excavation and backfill is transported to the construction sites, about 1km downstream from the dams of each reservoir (Du, Me, Thong Nhat, Sung, Cau, Tha), about 1-3km (Cham Sy, Khoang Chia, Na Ai), and about 3-7km (Ngoc Vo, Vo Queo, Luong Bai, Dom, Sung, Dang, Thuong); (ii) materials such as iron, steel, and cement only make about 10% of the transported materials, so the transportation is not long and the impact is insignificant. ➢ Impact of vibration The construction may be the cause of ground vibration due to the means of construction and equipment. This vibration propagates in the soil environment but will be drastically reduced by distance. The vibration levels of some construction equipment are in Table 55. 160 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Table 55. Vibration Levels of Some Construction Equipment Reference vibration level (in the vertical direction, No. Types of vehicle, equipment used dB) 1 Excavator 80 2 Bulldozer 79 3 Heavy truck 74 4 Roller 82 5 Compressor 81 Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Commission. Vibration from construction equipment and construction machinery NJID, 300.1, 31 – 12 – 197 To forecast the distance level of vibration attenuation, we use the formula: L = L0 – 10lg (r/r0) – 8.7a (r – r0) (dB) Where: L is the vibration level in dB measured at distance “r” meters from the source; Lo is vibration level in dB measured at distance "ro" meter from the source. The vibration level at distance ro = 10 m is generally recognized as source vibration level. a is the intrinsic reduction coefficient of vibration for the clay ground about 0.5. The forecasts are presented in the table below. Table 56. Vibration Attenuation by Distance in Construction Sites Vibration Vibration levels at distances Types of source vehicle, (r0=10m) r=12m r=14m r=16m r=18m No. equipment used Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) 1 Excavator 80 1.72 70.5 0.58 61.1 0.20 51.9 0.07 42.6 0.02 2 Bulldozer 79 1.53 69.5 0.51 60.1 0.17 50.9 0.06 41.6 0.02 3 Heavy truck 74 0.86 64.5 0.29 55.1 0.10 45.9 0.03 36.6 0.01 4 Roller 82 2.17 72.5 0.73 63.1 0.25 53.9 0.08 44.6 0.03 5 Compressor 81 1.93 71.5 0.65 62.1 0.22 52.9 0.08 43.6 0.03 QCVN27:2010/BTNMT, allowable level 75dB at 6  21h baseline level at 21h6h. DIN 4150, 1970 (Germany), 2mm/s: no damage; 5mm/s: grout peeled; 10mm/s: possible damage to load-bearing parts; 20  40mm/s: damage to bearing parts. According to the calculated results in Table 56, the vibration levels of construction vehicles and equipment at a distance of 12m are all within the allowable limits of QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT (<75dB) and will decrease when the affected location farther than a vibration source. Vibration of construction equipment directly affects construction workers at the construction sites. The nearest sensitive work is Thuong Temple in Lac Thinh commune, 20m from Thuong lake, and the construction items of 16 reservoirs are far from residential areas, so they will not be affected. Thus, the vibration direct impact is assessed at low level due to: (i) discontinuous equipment operating time; (ii) large and spot construction sites; (iii) workers working with equipment in shifts and equipped with personal protection equipment. The vibration impact is possibly minimized by the construction methods and construction plans that suit each construction site. 161 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 ii) Waste ➢ Domestic solid waste: The statistics and construction planning projects approved by the MONRE prove that domestic solid waste in each similar construction work of the subproject is 0.5 kg/person/day, so the total waste released from one construction work is about 25 kg/day. When we deploy the subproject in 16 reservoirs, this amount of domestic waste is estimated at 400 kg/day and the percentages of domestic waste components are provided in the table below. Table 57. Percentages of Domestic Waste Components No. Domestic Waste Components Weight (%) 1 Organic matter 50.35 2 Papers, carboards 2.74 3 Wood, plastic, rubber, leather 7.10 4 Seashells, snail shells 1.00 5 Glass 7.73 6 Gravel, brick 7.46 7 Metals 1.00 8 Mixed solids <10mm 22.62 Source: Environmental management in developing countries, volume 1 With the domestic waste components percentages analized in the table above, it can be said that the majority of domestic solid waste is organic, which contains disease-causing agents. If there is not any reasonable plan for waste collection, transportation and treatment at site, it will may be a big risk to human health, water and air environment and indirectly affect local people and construction workers. In addition, there is insignificantplastic waste (plastic bags, plastic bottles) generated in the daily activities of workers, which is not probably decomposed. However, the domestic waste impact is assessed as “low” and can be minimized because: (i) The waste generated on each construction site is insignificant and collected daily by construction workers; (ii) waste is only generated on construction sites; (iii) the contractors employ local labor to limit domestic waste generated; and (iv) the contractors contracts with local waste collectors; ➢ Construction solid waste: During the construction, solid waste like excess materials as soil, sand, stone, scrap iron and steel, cement bags, wood chips, broken bricks, etc., will arise. If this amount is not collected and treated, it will run after rainwater into drainage ditches and pollute surface water sources (it mainly makes water turbidity increasing). However, this amount of soil, sand, stone and broken debris is not many and will be collected and transported in compliance with the regulations, while cement bags, iron and steel scraps will be sold to recycling collectors. During the soil excavation and backfilling in the construction sites of 16 reservoirs, an excess soil amount is generated (Table 5), which will hinder the construction if there is not a good management. In addition, solid waste scattering during the transportation like sand, soil, etc. will increase dust in the air which affects workers and people living in the proximity of the subproject area. This direct impact is assessed at a low level because: (i) The waste generated on each construction site is insignificantand within in each construction site only; (ii) 162 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 construction period is not long (about 8 months for each work); (iii) solid waste will be collected and transported daily to local disposal sites with the frequency of 2 times/week. At the same time, this impact can be mitigated by the application of the measures outlined in the ECOP. ➢ Hazardous waste During the construction, the maintenance and repair of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment often generate wastes such as batteries, light bulbs, cartridges from office activities at the construction site; Oil contaminated materials from machinery maintenance; waste grease, greased rags, greased containers, drums, etc., which are listed as hazardous wastes in Circular No.36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on hazardous wastes. Hazardous wastes arising from subproject construction activities include: - Hazardous wastes generated in campsites like waste fluorescent light bulbs, batteries, electronic waste, plastic waste from daily activities of workers... and cleaning and repair for construction machinery and equipment along the routes such as greased rags, grease papers, and gasoline, oil, grease plastic, and iron containers. The volume of hazardous waste from construction works is insignificant and estimated at about 3-5 kg/day/site at campsites and repair garages. - The maintenance and repair of construction vehicles and machines at the construction site also produce oil residue. The amount of oil residue more or less depends on: The number of transporting vehicles and manupulating machines and equipment on the site; Amount of grease and oil discharged from transportation vehicles and construction machines and equipment; Oil change and maintenance cycles of machinery and equipment; oily wipes from maintaining machinery and equipment; The calculations for construction projects prove that the average amount of oil and grease changed for a transport vehicle or mechanical construction equipment is 7 liters per time. The period of oil change and maintenance of machinery and equipment is as maximum as 3 months. During the peak construction phase, transportation vehicles and construction machines in a construction site that need to be changed with oil and grease are 11. Therefore, the average waste quantity generated on site is: (11 vehicles x 7 liters/time)/3 months = 25.6 liters of oil and grease changed a month (282 liters/11 work-items). The subproject environmental safeguard policies about the collection and treatment of hazardous waste at site are strictly regulated, specifically the ECOPs and the environmental protection regulations which are provided in the bidding documents. Comment: Hazardous waste hardly biodegrades, presents in the environment for a long time, disperses into the air, and remains in water, soil and groundwater, etc., causing serious pollution to the natural environment, the ecology and public health, including: - Oil and grease entering the water directly affects aquatic species in the reservoirs in the subproject area, reduces the growth and development and can cause death in aquatic plants and animals. - Heavy metals will follow the food chains, contaminating food and affecting human health. This direct impact can be assessed at low level because: (i) the amount of this hazardous waste generated per site is is insignificant ; (ii) short construction period; (iii) the contractors hire Hoa Binh Urban Environment Joint Stock Company to collect, manage and treat hazardous waste. iii) Wastewater 163 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 ➢ Domestic wastewater The number of workers at a construction site consists of about 50 people (they are mainly technical staff and skilled workers, local workers will be employed doing simple jobs). The estimated wastewater for field workers according to TCXDVN 33:2006 supplied for domestic use in rural areas is 40 liters/person/day, of which 100% of the water used will be discharged into the environment (Section a, Clause 1, Article 39 of Decree No.80/2014/NDCP dated August 6, 2014 on drainage and wastewater treatment). The amount of domestic wastewater generated by 50 workers working on a construction site will be respectively to: 50 * 0.04 = 2 m3/day. Domestic wastewater is generated from cooking, personal hygiene... at 16 construction sites. However, the construction spreads over 16 areas in about 9 - 8 months intermittently. Workers’ domestic wastewater at the construction sites is the main cause affecting the water quality in the surrounding areas. Domestic wastewater contains a lot of residues, degradable organic matters, nutrients and pathogenic bacteria which propably pollute surface water and underground water unless it is being treated properly. At the same time, if domestic wastewater is not collected and treated, there is a potential risk of disease outbreaks (diseases related to the digestive tract, respiratory tract, skin diseases) affecting workers and people living near public areas. According to the documents of the World Health Organization, the daily amount of pollutants discharged by each person during the construction process is as follows: Table 58. Wastewater pollutant load in the construction phase of 01 reservoir Number of Emission No. Pollutants Unit Loads workers coefficient 1 BOD5 g/day 50 45 ÷ 54 2250 ÷ 2700 2 COD g/day 50 72 ÷ 102 3600 ÷ 5100 3 TSS g/day 50 70 ÷ 145 3500 ÷ 7250 4 Total Nitrogen g/day 50 6 ÷12 300 ÷600 5 Phosphorus g/day 50 0,8 ÷ 4,0 40 ÷ 200 6 Amoni g/day 50 2,4 ÷ 4,8 120 ÷ 240 50*106÷ 7 Total Coliform (MPN/100mL) 50 106÷ 109 50*109 Source: Page 4-39: “Assessment of Air, Water, and Land Pollution Sources - a Guide to Rapid Source Inventory Techniques and Their Use in Formulating Environmental Control Strategies”by Alexander P. Economopoulos - World Health Organization, Geneva, 1993 In order to ensure the environmental sanitation, living conditions and suit the construction site conditions, the construction companies are required to make plan to rent local houses for workers to stay and hire local workers. Therefore, the wastewater generated will be lower than the estimate. In the event that it is not possible to rent local houses, the contractors needs to (i) build camps for workers with adequate water supply, electricity supply, and separate toilets for both men and women meeting the requirements of QCVN 01:2011/BYT (National technical regulation on Hygienic conditions for Latrines); (ii) design drainage ditches and settling pits to collect wastewater from bathing, washing, cooking... so that the amount of domestic wastewater can be controlled by mitigation measures and this impact is assessed as moderate. ➢ Construction wastewater 164 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Construction wastewater is mainly from the following activities: washing vehicles, maintaining vehicles and machines, washing materials… The main pollutants in this wastewater are the suspended particles, inorganic matters, cement, soil and sand, which are less toxic. This type of wastewater is easy to settle and accumulate right on temporary construction drainage routes. Therefore, the possibility of infiltrating and polluting the soil and the surrounding surface water sources is at a low level. Although the amount of water used for this purpose is difficult to estimate in detail, the construction contractors will raise awareness of saving construction materials, strictly control the amount of water used and collected, and treat all wastewater generated on the construction sites. In addition, insignificantwastewater will be produced in the drill and grout process for construction works (Na Ai Reservoir, Tha Reservoir, Nang Reservoir, Dang Reservoir, Thuong Reservoir and Du Reservoir) and termite treatment for dam bodies and the surrounding environment of the reservoirs. However, with the implementation procedure pursuant to the technical requirements, the amount of wastewater can be controlled and contained using water-proof layer in the core by grouting clay-concrete mixture, or by constructing bentonite canals to mitigate the impacts from this activity. Technical requirement for grouting mixture for this subproject: (i) all the grouting mixture included water must be clean to ensure quality, mixing ratio and grout production pursuant to the approved plan; (ii) the time for layer separation must be at least 20 minutes; (iii) the grout before being put into pressing component only consist of particles of less than 2mm; (iv) the number of drilling holes must be calculated to be enough for grouting within 1 day; (v) after grouting 1 hole, it must be closed within 24 hours, pursuant to the applicable regulations. Due to the specific nature of the subproject that applies injection drilling technique to treat seepage of dam bodies, cement will be mixed with clay and water to form a liquid solution for drilling. Thus, the main components of the drilling fluid are cement and clay which are less toxic and can deposit. According to the calculations on drilling techniques and strict requirements in the construction process, the impact that can be caused to the external environment from the drilling solution is assessed to be negligible. ➢ Runoff water The quality of stormwater runoff depends on the cleanliness of the atmosphere and the amount of leaching substances on the subproject sites. At the construction sites, the quality of the stormwater runoff only depends on the surface of the construction sites because the current status of the air quality of the subproject area is quite good which does not contaminate the rainwater in the region. The pollution composition in rainwater runoff at the construction stage mainly consists of suspended substances and oil and grease washed away by rainwater. In particular, during this period, the surface of the construction sites are not complete, which are easily washed away and eroded. When the construction is implemented in a rainy season, the rainwater runoff in the subproject area will carry soil, sand, dropped materials, oil and grease to the regional drainage system. The flow of runoff water is calculated based on the receiving area of annual precipitation and the surface runoff coefficient. The flow of runoff water is calculated by the following equation: Q = ψ x q x F/1000 (m3/year) 165 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 (Source: Runoff water discharge system, Prof. Tran Trung Viet and Ph.D. Tran Thi My Dieu, 2016) Where: Q: Flow of runoff water, m3/year Ψ: Surface runoff coefficient, select ψ = 0.6 q: Annual precipitation of the area (mm/year) F: Construction areas (m2) Table 59. Flow of Runoff Water Average Construction Runoff water No. Reservoirs precipitation area (m2) (m3/year) (mm/year) 1 Du reservoir 3029.0 1750.0 3180.5 2 Me reservoir 1775.0 1750.0 1863.8 3 Ngoc Vo reservoir 3042.5 1750.0 3194.7 Thong Nhat 4 reservoir 11242.8 1750.0 11804.9 5 Vo Queo reservoir 4896.9 1750.0 5141.7 Luong Bai 6 reservoir 7700.4 1750.0 8085.4 7 Dom reservoir 4521.3 1750.0 4747.4 8 Thuong reservoir 4704.7 1750.0 4940.0 9 Sung reservoir 5787.2 1750.0 6076.6 10 Cham Sy reservoir 2539.7 1750.0 2666.7 Khoang Chia 11 reservoir 3129.2 1750.0 3285.7 12 Na Ai reservoir 8409.7 1750.0 8830.2 13 Nang reservoir 3996.9 1750.0 4196.7 14 Dang reservoir 10623.3 1750.0 11154.5 15 Cau reservoir 3297.9 1750.0 3462.8 16 Tha reservoir 372.8 1750.0 391.4 According to researches by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1993. Assessment of source of air, water and land pollution. A guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in formulating environmental control strategies. Part one: Rapid inventory techniques in environmental pollution), the concentrations of pollutants in normal runoff water is 0.5 ÷ 1.5 mg N/l; 0.004 ÷ 0.03 mg P/l; 10 ÷ 20 mg COD/l and 10 ÷ 20 mg TSS/l. 16 reservoirs in the subproject area are the receiving sources of rainwater runoff. Rainwater overflowing through the construction sites sweeps loose materials, soil, mineral salts, leaking grease, etc. on the surface, which increases the content of suspended substances, organic matters, turbidity, oil and grease in water and causes adverse impacts on the aquatic ecology of the water sources of 16 reservoirs. In fact, the amount of rainwater runoff may be lower than the estimate thank to the systems of canals in the subproject area and the dam downstreams are stream beds that ensure good drainage. iv) Ecological impacts ➢ Aquatic ecosystem The construction activities on site as soil excavation, drainage for construction... make water reservoir turbid. The water quality changes due to leakage of oil, grease... Soil/stone 166 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 encroachment losses habitats, spawning areas, kills juvenile offspring, reduction of photosynthesis of algae... It will disrupt and alter the habitats of fish and other aquatic, affect the life of aquatic ecosystems. However, due to the poor biodiversity and the rapid ecosystem recovery time in the region. The impact is considered low. In general, the ecosystem in 16 reservoirs under the subproject is relatively poor. The forest here is merely acacia forest but not natural forest. The aquatic ecosystem mainly consists of natural freshwater fish species. The construction of key works such as main dams, auxiliary dams and spillways will not affect the ecosystem in the reservoirs. The upstream slopes of the main dams and the auxiliary dams will be constructed in the dry season when the water levels in the reservoirs are the lowest which are below the average water level rise. The reinforcement usually starts from the average water level to the top of a dam. In addition, the construction activities of the downstream slopes and spillways do not affect the water levels in the reservoirs. Therefore, the ecology of each reservoir is almost unaffected. ➢ Terrestrial ecosystem The levelling will devast 1,620 m2 of production forest land (according to RAP) causing loss of habitat, residence, reproduction and death of some species of animals living inland such as insects, animals living in caves like snakes, frogs... Dust, emissions from construction affect the living and the development of the fauna and the flora in the area and the surrounding areas. Dust sticking on leaves reduces photosynthesis of trees and heats leaf. SO2, CO, H2S cause leaf disease and affect the growth of plants. However, this effect does not affect much on the development of the surrounding vegetation. Clearing trees, vegetation and ground excavation causes soil erosion. The impacts are short-term and limit in the construction area and the native ecosystem fast recovers. The impact level is assessed as low. v) Impact on soil environment The sources of soil environment pollution for each construction site include: (i) wastewater; (ii) domestic solid waste; (iii) hazardous waste (construction machinery oil and grease); and (iv) construction solid waste. - Construction waste such as cardboards, steel scraps, plastic boxes, soil, waste stones, cement, oil, asphalt... without proper collection will mix on soil. Non-degradable wastes such as nylon, iron, etc. will affect the soil environment. - Domestic wastes from workers on site easily disintegrate and create bad odors. If workers are not equipped with hygienic toilets, they will discharge directly into the environment, which will affect soil environment. However, this type of waste is mostly concentrated in the workers' camps, where it is easy to collect and treat. Therefore, the impact is not significant. Solid waste containing grease and oil is hazardous waste but there is small volume. This a non-degradable type of waste in the soil environment, so if there is no waste treatment method, it will affect the soil environment. - Construction wastewater contains cement. Wastewater from repair points, washing equipment, trucks contains toxic oil, grease. These types of wastewater, when seeping into the soil, will make the soil harden but it is little and its impact scope is low. In addition, the drilling for waterproofing, treating termites of the dam body and surrounding environment for some works/reservoirs in the subproject area is a direct impact on the soil environment (in the dam scope). However, the contractors ensure the absolute compliance 167 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 with the Construction Technical Standards mentioned in Section 2.5.1 of the Report. Moreover, the grout solution must ensure the standard mixing ratio of the grout solution or the ratio of additives (if any) according to the approved design plans. The water used to mix the solution must be clean water, free of impurities, and ensure the quality of the standard grout. After grouting a borehole, within 24 hours. The borehole must be filled in accordance with the current regulations, so the impact from this activity on the soil environment within the dam's scope is assessed to be small. According to the study and the field survey, we found that the temporary occupation area for construction of auxiliary items is not large, waste water and garbage arising during the construction time at site are collected and thoroughly treated, which does not affect the soil environment. Therefore, the impacts are assessed as low. (d) Social impacts ➢ Community Health and Safety In addition to environmental issues, the construction activities probably result in significant increases in the activity of vehicles for the transportation of building materials and waste soil, which is potential for traffic accidents and injuries to local communities as there are households living along the roads near the construction sites, traffic accidents and material spills may occur. During the construction, workers are potentially at risks of contagious diseases and disease transferring, which may threaten their health and local communities. Contagious diseases that threat public health often involve in such activities as poor hygiene and low living conditions, sexually transmitted diseases and disease transferring. The most concerned infectious diseases in the construction phase due to labor migration are sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc. In addition, during the outbreak of dangerous diseases such as Covid -19 it is necessary to take preventive measures to raise awareness of employees and workers. In fact, the subproject implementation period within 09 months is not continuous. The sites are scattered at 16 locations. The number of officials and workers from other localities includes about 20 workers/01 work (mainly engineers and skilled workers as unskilled jobs are reserved for local laborers, about 30 workers/site). There are many scattered work items. The control of security and order and disease in the area is good. For some works near residential areas, workers can live in leased local houses with sanitary toilets. All toilets are required to meet QCVN 01: 2011/BYT standard for hygienic latrines. However, in the event that people's houses cannot be rented, the contractors are responsible to build camps for workers and hygienic toilets to limit the spread of infectious diseases caused by flies, mosquitoes and insects is restricted. Therefore, the impact is considered as medium. ➢ Impact from risks and accidents Labor accidents: labor accidents may occur in any of the working items during the construction of dams, spillways, drainage culverts over the spillways, waterproofing treatment in dam body, treatment of termites and surrounding environment... Fire, explosion and fuel leakage. These incidents may occur in transport and storage of fuel, or temporary power supply system is unsafe, causing deaths and property damage during construction. Welding: Welding creates extremely strong light and may cause serious injury to workers ‘eyes. In extreme cases, it can lead to blindness. In addition, welding may create toxic fumes that prolonged exposure can cause severe chronic illness. 168 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Drowning: During the construction, workers may die of downing due to bathing near the water bodies. Short-circuits and electric shock: The construction activities may cause short-circuiting hazards to the health of workers and people as well as their property. The temporary power supply for machinery and equipment during construction may cause problems relating to voltage, electric shock, etc., causing economic losses and labor accidents for workers. Risks and incidents on dams: The dam construction in 16 reservoirs extends about 9 months. If abnormal weather incidents like prolonged heavy rains, storms, flooding....appear, making the water levels in the reservoirs rise, while the dam surfaces are under construction where the excavation and filling have just been completed and the reinforcement is not stable enough, etc., unsafety incidents/dam failure or subsidence may happend. These incidents will affect the downstream communities with such direct impacts as flooding, damaged property, crops, lives, and such indirect impacts as environmental pollution and disease outbreak. However, the possibility of dam breakage and dam incidents during the construction phase is very low for the following reasons: - The subproject is mainly engaging the reinforcement and upgrading of key work items (dams, spillways and sluices) to improve the safety of the reservoirs, without changing the water levels and the reservoir's capacity, so the risk of landslide or dam failure is not possible. - The construction of dams, sluices and spillways is mainly in the dry season and when the rainy season comes, these items will have been completed. Thus, the safety of the reservoirs are further guaranteed. Due to the characteristics of the works. The volume and construction items need to use electricity is not large. The management and supervision is strict. Therefore, the impact level is medium. ➢ Impact on traffic safety and infrastructure The vehicles serving the construciton of works will increase the traffic density, affecting local traffic, damaging roads and causing traffic congestion and potential traffic accidents if the traffic law is not complied with and vehicles must transport with the registered loads. The rapid increase in the number of vehicles in small areas will put pressure on the traffic conditions, especially the long route of 845.4m of the management and construction roads. Approximately 17,100 turns of vehicles with loads of 5-7 tons will travel on the roads of 16 construction sites to truck material, sand, gravel, cement, steel... The peak construction time may cater up to 30-40 times of trucks a day/vehicle/site. Increasing transport vehicles is increasing traffic risks for people, specifically, in the roads passing residential areas of 15 communes and in the intra-field roads. However, the construction work is not continuous for 9 months and the impact is manageable. Therefore, the assessment is medium. Local roads and rural infrastructure may be damaged by large means of transport. Roads through residential areas and intra-field roads are concreted with small load bearing, which can be broken, crushed or sagged when large trucks pass or there is high density of vehicles. This impact is assessed at low level due to: (i) short construction period, concentrating on 8 months; (ii) impacts occur in the reservoir areas only; (iii) the contractors take measures to ensure traffic safety during the transportation of materials; (iv) the contractors will repair, restore the original state if damage occurs. ➢ Impact by influx of workers into subproject area 169 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 The construction activities demand about 50 workers each site. The number of mitigating workers is about 20 people each site, who are mainly key officers and skilled workers and are not many. The simple jobs are given for local labors, about 30 people each site. Therefore, social impacts as social security and disorder are not considerable, especially relating to i) potential spread of infectious diseases from workers to local communities and vice versa; ii) potential prostitution, drugs and gambling; iii) potential conflicts between workers and local communities because of distinction in cultures and behaviors; iv) conflicts over demand for local service infrastructures such as electricity and water supply and transportation systems leading to electricity and water supply shortage and traffic congestion; and v) family gender violence when local people losing land, receiving compensation money but failing to manage the money supported by the subproject, which make family incomes to decline; and abuse and sexual harassment during the construction phase due to increased migration population density. Accordingly, the above problems can be managed and the impact level is assessed as low. Employment of child labor: In order to reduce construction costs, some jobs that do not require high qualifications will be the potential for the contractors to recruit child labor (according to the Vietnamese laws, children are deemed under the age of 15). Due to limited knowledge and understanding, children may be abused of labor force which affects their psychology, health and learning ability. However, this impact is assessed as low because: (i) experiences in the WB and the state budget-financed projects show that there is no use of child labor or forced labor; (ii) according to the socio-economic survey results, the subproject area also has no records of any issues relating to the use of child labor; (iii) the contractors committed not to hire child labor; (iv) the Project Owner seriously cooperates with the local authorities and concerned agencies to strictly control the contractors’ employment; and (v) commitment not to use child labor is one of the mandatory conditions in the bidding documents. ➢ Chance finds During the earthwork, workers may find underground cultural heritages. However, these works are usually located near the reservoirs where there are long-term cultivation activities. These areas we resurveyed and confirmed that they are not archaeological sites and cultural heritages. Therefore, the probability of chance finds is low. (e) Specific impacts The subproject construction of diversifed works may affect some sensitive areas near the construction works of 16 reservoirs. However, the impact level is assessed from low to moderate as the construction takes place in a short time and can be minimized. The evaluation of specific impacts is made detailed in Table 60. 170 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Table 60. Potential Impacts to Sensitive subbjects during Construction and Material Transport Reservoirs Reservoirs Photos of current status of works Potential impacts Severity Du ▪ On the expected transportation route The construction and transport of Average reservoir (HW.6), there is a section passing Hoa materials affects: mitigation Mong Hoa Mai kindergarten, about 3 km far from - - Traffic safety for students during peak measures will commune, the construction site. The kindergarten hours (7am-8am and 16h30-17h30pm). be taken. Hoa Binh has about 150 children from 2.5 to 5 - - Dust, noise and emissions from trucks city years old who are the children of the generated during material transportation. people in Mong Hoa commune. The - - Impact on rest and activities of kindergarten is located close to HW.6, teachers and students. about 15-20m. Gate of Hoa Mai Kindergarten Me ▪ On the transport route, there are Hoa The construction and transport of Average reservoir, Ban kindergarten, Yen Quang Primary materials affects: mitigation Quang and Secondary School in Mun 6 - - Traffic safety for students during peak measures will Tien hamlet. The center of Quang Tien hours (7am-8am and 16h30-17h30pm). be taken. commune, commune, Hoa Binh city. The - - Dust, noise and emissions from trucks Hoa Binh construction site is about 1.5km away. generated during material transportation. city Currently, the schools have about 150- - Impact on rest and activities of 200 students who are children of the Hoa Ban Kindergarten teachers and students. people in Yen Quang commune. The schools are close to PR.446, about 15- 20m. Yen Quang Primary and Secondary School 171 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Reservoirs Reservoirs Photos of current status of works Potential impacts Severity Thong ▪ Thong Nhat High School is located on The construction and transport of Average Nhat the way to the reservoir, 100m far materials affects: mitigation reservoi, from the construction site. The whole - - Traffic safety for students during peak measures will Thong school currently has 155 students hours (7am-8am and 16h30-17h30pm). be taken. Nhat including 9 classes with full solid - - Dust, noise and emissions from trucks commun facilities as prescribed by laws. generated during material transportation. e, Hoa - Impact on rest and activities of Binh city teachers and students. Location of Thong Nhat school on the map Luong Bai ▪ Doan Ket Kindergarten in Dong Bai The construction and transport of Average. reservoir, hamlet is located on the way to the materials affects: mitigation Doan Ket reservoir. The kindergarten is about 2 - - Traffic safety for students during peak measures will commune km far from the construction site. hours (7am-8am and 16h30-17h30pm). be taken. Yen Thuy - - Dust, noise and emissions from trucks district generated during material transportation. - - Impact on rest and activities of teachers and students. Location of the kindergarten and the current status of construction transportation route Dom ▪ The expected transportation route will - - The construction and material transport Average. reservoir, pass through Cu Yen commune PC, may obstruct people’s travel and traffic mitigation Cu Yen commune health station and Ram safety when people go to the People’s measures will commune hamlet cultural house. The works are Committee of Cu Yen commune. be taken. Lac Son 15-20 m far from the road and about - - Risk of losing traffic safety. district 1km far from the construction - - Dust, noise, exhaust gas caused by reservoir; material transportation. ▪ Located at the foot of Dom reservoir - - Traffic congestion at peak hours when dam is a Anas platyrhynchos eco- people go to work. tourism zone, which is a culinary 172 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Reservoirs Reservoirs Photos of current status of works Potential impacts Severity resort in Gieng Xa hamlet, Cu Yen Current status of the expected transport commune. Currently. The eco-tourism route and locations of headquarters and zone is managed by a private committees along the route company, renting local land and built with full of infrastructure for business. The gate to the eco-tourism area Thuong ▪ Thuong Temple, Lac Thinh commune - Construction activities may hinder Average. reservoir is located near the construction people’s travel to Thuong Temple on the mitigation Lac Thinh reservoir about 20m and close to Cuc full moon and first day of each month.. measures will commune, Phuong National Forest, established - Risk of losing traffic safety. be taken. Yen Thuy and managed by local people. - Dust, noise, vibration caused by district Religious activities take place on the construction machinery. 1st and full moon of every month. Thuong Temple, Thuong hamlet, Lac Thinh commune 173 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Reservoirs Reservoirs Photos of current status of works Potential impacts Severity Sung ▪ In the construction area there is a Transportation of raw materials in the Average. reservoir, system of canals and ditches to carry construction causes damage, downgrade mitigation Hang Tram water from the reservoir to the of road works, limits irrigation canals measures will town, Yen downstream. The current status are for irrigation downstream be taken. Thuy concrete ditches, which are good for district local irrigation activities. Current status of canal in the subproject area Cham Sy ▪ On the expected transport route is The construction and transport of Average. reservoir, HW.21, passing Thanh Luong materials affects: mitigation Thanh Cao kindergarten and primary and - - Traffic safety for students during peak measures will commune, secondary school. Currently, the hours (7am-8am and 16h30-17h30pm). be taken. Lac Son schools have about 50-150 students - - Dust, noise and emissions from trucks district who are children of people in the generated during material transportation. commune. The school is located close - Impact on rest and activities of to HW.21 about 15-20m. Thanh Luong Kindergarten teachers and students. Thanh Luong Primary and Secondary School 174 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Reservoirs Reservoirs Photos of current status of works Potential impacts Severity Reservoirs ▪ Primary Kindergarten School branch The construction and transport of Average. Khoang of Yen Nghiep commune Luc hamlet. materials affects: mitigation Chi Yen It is located the way to Khoang Chia - - Traffic safety for students during peak measures will Nghiep reservoir. The school is about 600 m hours (7am-8am and 16h30-17h30pm). be taken. commune, from the construction site. - - Dust, noise and emissions from trucks Lac Son generated during material transportation. district - Impact on rest and activities of teachers and students. Luc hamlet kindergarten Na Ai ▪ The route for transporting waste soil, The construction and transport of Average. reservoir used for leveling the sports field of Bin materials affects: mitigation Tu Ne hamlet, passes Muong Chua market, - Traffic safety for students during peak measures will commune, Kindergarten (Chua hamlet, Tu Ne hours (7am-8am and 16h30-17h30pm). be taken. Tan Lac commune). The objects are far from - Risk of losing traffic safety at Muong district the construction reservoir about 3km Chua market area. Muong Chua Market - Impact on rest and activities of teachers and students. - Dust, noise, exhaust gas caused by material transportation. The kindergarten is located on the waste transportation route Dang ▪ The expected transportation route of - Construction activities may obstruct Average. reservoir dumping soil (the road to Mien Doi people’s movement to Tan Lap mitigation Tan Lap commune) passes PC Tan Lap Commune People’s Committee. measures will commune, commune and adjacent to Chieng - - Risk of losing traffic safety at Chieng be taken. Lac Son market; the market is often crowded in market area. district every mornings. The objects are far - - Dust, noise, exhaust gas caused by from the construction reservoir about material transportation. 2 km. The transportation route passes PC Tan - Traffic congestion at peak hours when 175 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Reservoirs Reservoirs Photos of current status of works Potential impacts Severity Lap commune and Chieng market people go to work. Cau ▪ In the reservoir construction area, The construction and transport of Average. reservoir within a radius of 500m. There is Bac materials affects: mitigation Hung Son Son High School. The school manages - - Traffic safety for students during peak measures will commune, about more than 500 students who are hours (7am-8am and 16h30-17h30pm). be taken. Kim Boi children of local people and the - - Dust, noise and emissions from trucks district surrounding area. generated during material transportation. - Impact on rest and activities of Bac Son High School teachers and students. Tha ▪ On the road to the construction Transportation of raw materials in the Average. reservoir reservoir, there is a local concrete construction causes damage, downgrade mitigation Ky Son ditch crossing the road that is carrying of road works, limits irrigation canals measures will ward, Hoa water from the reservoir to irrigate for irrigation downstream. be taken. Binh city agricultural land in the area of Dong Song hamlet. Current status of the across concrete ditch 176 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 5.3.3 Impact During Operation During the operation phase of the reservoirs, some of the major negative impacts are identified and assessed as follows. Sources of impacts: When the subproject completes, key activities of the reservoir operation phase that may cause environmental and social impacts include: (i) reservoir operation and management; (ii) daily activities of reservoir operators; (iii) repair and maintenance of dams, culverts, spillways. The reservoir operation contributes to ensuring the irrigation water source but does not change the crop structure or increase the use of fertilizers. Assessment of social and environment impacts: 5.3.3.1 Risk of drowning The reservoirs can be bathing and laundry areas for local people. Therefore, there is always the risk of drowning if appropriate preventive measures are not taken. 5.3.3.2 Activities of reservoir operators and tourists Daily activities of reservoir operators may generate a small amount of domestic solid waste and wastewater. However, the number of reservoir operators in each reservoir ranges from 1 to 2 people, so the amount of waste is small, about 0.5 kg/day and wastewater is about 20 litters/day. In addition, there will be waste arising from the tourist activities in the local and neighbouring provinces. If this amount of waste is not well managed, it will have a direct impact on the reservoir environment, such as water pollution that indirectly affects the reduction of dissolved oxygen in water and therefore it affects the life of aquatic species in the reservoirs. However, this impact is considered insignificant because of the small amount of waste. 5.3.3.3 Repair and maintenance These activities may require water cut-off in a short time. This will affect the agricultural and living activities of the downstream population and will indirectly cause such effect as reduction of income because field is not cultivated for a period of time. However, this effect is considered minor because the repair and maintenance does not last long (about a few weeks). During this time, the management and operation agencies will take some specific mitigation measures such as: (i) notify the local authorities about the status and repair plans; (ii) select the repair time when agricultural production uses little water to limit impacts; (iii) ensure that the proposed plan does not affect production activities. 5.3.3.4 Emergency of flood dewatering and dam breakage As the project objective is to improve the dam safety, the risk of dam breakage/failure is very low. Emergency flood discharge likely affect downstream communities without prior notice, which directly impacts downstream flooding, damage to property, crops and livelihoods, and leads to indirectly impacts such as environmental pollution and outbreaks and loss of income In rainy seasons, the emergency flood discharge possibly affects downstream communities if they are not notified earlier, causing direct impacts of downstream flooding, property damage, crop and life and lead to indirect effects such as environmental pollution, disease outbreaks and loss of income. According to the calculation in the dam safety report in 2019, the number of affected households when a specific dam failure occurs is shown in the following table: 177 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 Frequency Grade Number of No. Reservoirs of Classification downstream WB’s Design Check works AHs recommendations (%) (%) (%) 1 Du II large dam 23 1.0 0.2 0.1 2 Luong Bai II large dam 22 1.0 0.2 0.1 3 Dang II large dam 17 1.0 0.2 0.1 4 Nang II large dam 17 1.0 0.2 0.1 5 Me III small dam 21 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% 6 Ngoc Vo III small dam 13 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% 7 Thong III small dam 24 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% Nhat 8 Vo Queo IV small dam 09 2.0% 1.0% 0.1% 9 Dom III small dam 22 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% 10 Thuong III small dam 17 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% 11 Sung IV small dam 10 2.0% 1.0% 0.1% 12 Cham Sy III small dam 15 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% 13 Khoang IV small dam 11 2.0% 1.0% 0.1% Chia 14 Na Ai III small dam 15 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% 15 Cau III small dam 10 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% 16 Tha III small dam 12 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% Source: Subproject 3 Dam Safety Report, 2019 According to the classification of the Dam Safety Framework and the construction scale of 16 reservoirs, there are 04 large reservoirs/dams and 12 small reservoirs/dams. Therefore, it requires the dam safety reports and emergency response plans for each reservoir/dam in order to assess: (i) the quality of the dams and relevant works; (ii) the flood control of the dams; (iii) the seepage of the dams and relevant works; (iv) the safety of the dam structures and relevant works; and (v) the safety management and operation. To assess the dam safety, it needs to strengthen the monitoring, inspection, repair and upgrading. (Subproject 3 has 04 large dams as classified by the World Bank and TCVN 11699:2016 that need to be monitored, inspected, repaired and upgraded, including: Du, Luong Bai, Dang, and Nang). Keep periodic inspection and timely repair when detecting damages in dams, spillways and sewers. Develop contingency plans to respond to dam failure, including: (i) Analysis of dam failure situation; (ii) Make topographical maps, remote sensing maps to update the topographic situation, people's livelihood, economy, traffic and irrigation in the lowland areas affected by the dam breaking....; (iii) Preparation of alarm plans showing the danger levels of “dam failure”, develop emergency relocation plans, dam rescue plans. The alarm plans are based on unsafe signs of the dams such as: changes in reservoir water levels, infiltration, flood discharge...; (iv) Establishment of communication plans; (v) Establishment of relocation and rescue plans; and (vi) coordinating with the authorities to overcome consequences when a failure happens. Comply with the directions of the Flood and Storm Control Boards of the districts/cities in the subproject area including: Lac Son, Yen Lac, Yen Thuy and Hoa Binh city. During the management and operation of 16 reservoirs in the subproject area, regularly inspecting the dam safety to take timely measures to ensure the safety of the downstream areas must be maintained. 178 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 5.4 Analysis of Impact Types 5.4.1 Cumulative impacts The subproject consists of many dams; however, the dams are scattered and independent in the province. Moreover, the size and nature of the subproject activities are small and simple, so that the implementation of the subproject activities is not likely to cause cumulative effects. According to the actual implementation in Subproject 01, including 01 reservoir, and Subproject 02, including 10 reservoirs, at present, in the construction area of the WB8 subproject in Hoa Binh province. There are no other major projects being implemented on the same spatial scale and time, so the cumulative effects created by other projects are considered to be non-existent. 5.4.2 Direct impacts The subproject implementation will have direct impacts on the environmental and social conditions in the subproject area. The subproject activities will result in temporary or permanent land loss. Construction activities will have direct impacts on the quality of the surrounding environment such as the air. The soil and the water due to the generation of waste like emissions and wastewater and the removal of vegetation. 5.4.3 Indirect impacts The temporary or permanent loss of land will affect the livelihoods of affected people like reducing or losing income, occupation change and possible social contradictions. Indirect impacts are also identified through the risk of deterioration of water quality due to soil erosion caused by vegetation clearing from the construction. Water pollution due to waste generated from the construction may lead to a decline in the composition and decline in number of individuals of aquatic species. Soil compaction due to the use of heavy equipment on farmland possibly leads to a decline in the number of useful soil microorganisms due to changes in soil structure. Loss of vegetation will also lead to loss of habitat for many animal species in the subproject area and increase of the risk of erosion and flooding. 5.4.4 Temporary impacts In general, most impacts associated with construction activities within the subproject area such as noise, vibration, dust and emissions, and the generation of solid waste and wastewater are short. They will no longer exist when construction activities are completed. 5.4.5 Long term impacts The permanent loss of productive land will be a lasting impact on the affected people as some households are perceived as losing productive material and leading to a change in their occupation. Also, environmental incidents such as oil spills or hazardous chemicals will create long-term effects on the environment and human health as these chemicals get long decomposition, which penetrate into the soil, the water and the food chains. In addition, the risks of occupational accidents will be addressed with long-term effects when workers' health is diminished or lost. 179 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 CHAPTER VI. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS Aiming at improving investment efficiency, ensuring safety and minimizing environmental and social impacts on the downstream areas of the reservoirs, we propose the scenarios to select a design alternative which is suitable for the objectives and the actual socio-economic, natural conditions in the areas of 16 reservoirs. The main construction activities are the solidification and the repair of the existing works. Because the design options, selection of technical solutions, technology in the construction of construction items of the subproject are not different. Therefore, the focus of the alternative analysis makes differences in the environmental and social impacts in the deployed and undeployed scenarios of the subproject and the optimal construction solution option will be selected. 6.1 Without subproject The subproject is deployed with 16 works scattering in 15 communes of Hoa Binh province. The works have been working for over 20 years and contributing great benefits for the local socio-economic development. However, they were built for long time and have been seriously degraded after years of operation, specifically: - The dam elevation is not effcient to prevent floods. The dam quality is not good, and the permeability coefficient is high. - The upstream slopes have not been reinforced or have been reinforced but the structure was damaged and landslided and did not ensure the dam safety. The downstream slopes are convex, landslided and fill with trees, which makes favorable conditions for termite and affects seriously the quality of the dam body. - Spillways are degraded. The stone building is decayed. The spill width does not meet the drainage requirement that increases the reservoir water level. - The watter-intake culverts have been seriously damaged at inlets and outlets, which can not use for the water supply as required. - Draining culverts: valves are damaged, water overflows through culverts to dam foot causing reservoir dehydration and affecting the dam safety due to soaking water, erosion in dam foot. - There is no monitoring system, which is not effective in warning of natural disasters. Roads for management and operation and rescue are rural roads, which are difficult to drive and only rudimentary vehicles can circulate. - There is no operation and management system, causing difficulties in reservoir operation and management. - The current status of the reservoirs is the constraint to the agricultural development, productivity and economic efficiency as the irrigation water is not proactive. This affects the selection and rotation of plants and animals and is unable to exploit economic values of land resources. - The roads for operation and management are not fully reinforced, which is difficult to drive, operate, manage and respond to natural disasters in reservoirs and residential areas. - When the subproject is not deployed, the ecosystem of the area around the reservoirs will remain stable. However, due to the current status of the degraded reservoirs, the potential for damming will cause catastrophe, facilities and disruption of indigenous ecosystems in areas, particularly reservoir downstream. 180 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 - In recent years due to abnormal weather changes, floods appear a lot with intense intensity, in addition to small size reservoirs, the risk of high unsafety increases. Therefore, synchronous construction solution like investment in construction, repair and upgrading of reservoirs is extremely urgent, ensuring the safety of life and property of the households in downstream areas and serving the local people’s demand for economic development. Therefore, the repair and upgrading of the proposed works is the minimum intervention to restore the functions as designed of the dams, while ensuring a timely response to the present flooding trend. Since the proposed works are required (minimum) to restore dam functions, negative environmental and social impacts are expected to be minimal. The impacts are assessed as temporary and mainly occur during the construction phase. 6.2 With Subproject The completion of the subproject will bring benefits to communities and local authorities. Repairing, reinforcing dam slopes, dam bodies will save the downstream during flood seasons and limit leakage water will ensure irrigation water for agricultural production according to the local government's regulation of production, increase agricultural productivity and yields, and develop aquaculture by increasing the irrigated areas. Once completed, the works will ensure a stable water of active irrigation for over 550 ha of rice and vegetable production all year round in the downstream areas of 15 communes; proactively planning cultivation, changing plant varieties and livestock, leading to an increase in economic efficiency on the local agricultural land area. The subproject will provide water for aquaculture and recover adverse impacts on the environment and the landscapes of the reservoirs and the downstream areas. Once the reservoirs are repaired, the volume of nearly 12 million m3 of water will create favourable conditions for aquaculture with large values. It will stabilize the water surface for aquaculture, non-agricultural production and business, increase income and living standard. It will create more jobs, income, and improve living conditions for people, especially for unskilled labour, seasonal labour. The construction, repair and upgrading of the reservoir works will cause potential negative environmental and social impacts as analysed above, however, the construction time is short. The scale of activities is not large and deployed in narrow space, so the negative impacts are assessed as insignificant, temporary, local and can be minimized. Compared to the environmental, economic and social performance after the subproject is completed and put into operation with the potential adverse environmental and social impacts, the implementation of the subproject is acceptable. The stabilization of water surface will improve the microclimate of each reservoir area. The moisture change is relating to the dry, continental nature of the climate during dry seasons. During the operation phase, the subproject will increase the stability of water resources, ensure the safety of the works and the downstream of the dams. 16 reservoirs being exploited have some leaked spillways and sluice gates. There are not slope concrete and management roads. As proposed by the Design Consultant, to save the dam bodies, sluice gates. The reinforcement, replacement and concretion should be to ensure water storage, avoid water loss and convenience in the process of regulating the production water, operation of reservoirs. It also ensures development conditions for vegetation communities, landscapes around reservoirs and local transport, opening opportunities for visitors. After completion of construction works in 16 reservoirs, the stable water flow and irrigation will develop plant and animal ecosystems in reservoir areas, coastal areas and downstream 181 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 areas. The ecosystem for a long time will be continuously, positively affected in diversifying, enriching fauna and flora. The completion of the works of the subproject will stabilize the water table in 16 reservoirs. The water level of the reservoirs will be higher than the water level in the downstream areas. Thereby after the reservoirs operate, the downstream underground water level maintains year- round to be able to meet the demand for water for daily life and cultivation of local people. During the construction, the subproject will affect the ecosystems around the reservoirs. However, the impacts are insignificant and can recover in a short time. Impacts and mitigation measures are analysed and detailed in the next section in the report. 6.3 Selection of Construction Solutions In addition to the socio-economic and environmental benefits provided for the comparison in the case of non-implementation and implementation of the subproject. The construction option for the items requested in the bidding documents should be selected to minimize impacts on the natural and social environment during implementation as follows: - Soil excavation and transportation: Using a combination of 1.25m3 excavator, trucks 5-7 tonnage to transport soil to dump sites at the prescribed locations will reduce noise and dust generated and limit traffic accidents and damage to local roads. - The dam filling complies with the regulations in TCVN8297: 2009: "Irrigation Works – Soil Dams Technical requirements in compaction method". The main construction method is using 1.25m3 excavators, trucks of 5T to buy and transport filling material from mines to the construction sites of 15km; using 110cv bulldozers to level the soil layers; using compactors to compact soil; in tight locations where compactors can not reach, tampers are instead; within 1 meter of a soil filling work, rich soil or clay without gravel or other impurities is compacted by tampers or by hand to minimize noise and dust generation. - Concrete work: Mix concrete by 250 liter mixer, pouring concrete by hand. - Upstream dam sloping paving: cast-in-place concrete slabs are used to limit vehicle traffic and traffic safety issues in transportation. - Drilling for waterproofing: treating water penetration in the dam body and foundation with a solution of clay grout and cement in 06 reservoirs (Na Ai, Tha, Nang, Dang, Thuong and Du). The applicable standard is TCVN 8645:2019 Hydrauric structures - Design, construction and acceptance drilling and injecting cement into the rock foundation; - Treatment of termites: Killing termites in the dam body and the environment around the reservoirs. The applicable standards include: (i) TCVN 8479:2010 Technical Requirements of survey for abnormalities and termites and termites control for dike and dam; (ii) TCVN 8480:2010 Dike and Dam – Demand for element and volume of the termite survey and control; (iii) TCVN 8227:2009 Harmful termite for dikes and dams – Identification, determination for bio-ecological characteristics and assessment of termite’s damage. - Downstream sobbing: Grass to be planted to protect slopes is harvested in the vicinity of the works. Grass with solid roots must be chosen, which can live strongly and suffer drought and have low body. Grass is hedged to the planting sites and is firmly attached to the slopes. The position and size of each grass plot must comply with the provisions in the design documents, will help to restore the indigenous ecosystem, protect the surface of the dam against erosion when it rains when the construction phase has just 182 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 completed. - Paving construction: Mainly use manual method to limit the impact of machinery to the surrounding environment and to be suitable with the local construction conditions. - Formwork: Formwork installation is manual. Most steel formworks can be used for convinient installation and dismantling to ensure labor safety and saving construction cost. - Reinforcement work: Reinforcement steel is assembled and processed mainly in warehouses in the construction sites and transported to the site for installation. At the site, small parts are mainly processed by steel and auxiliary works in order to save time, cost and minimize impact on the surrounding environment due to the construction conditions in the area. The dam site is not wide. - Other tasks: Mainly are manual to reduce the impact of mobilizing vehicle and machinery to the site and suitable for each construction item in the condition of each area of the reservoirs. 183 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 CHAPTER VII. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 Objectives - Ensure the compliance with the World Bank’s regulations as well as Vietnam’s legal system, standards and guidelines applied at the provincial and national levels. - Ensure that sufficient resources are allocated based on the subproject budget to carry out the activities relating to the ESMP. - Ensure that the environmental and social risks of the subproject are adequately predicted and managed. - Ensure specific and feasible response plan with unforeseen environmental issues in the subproject's environmental impact assessment. - Create an effective feedback mechanism for further improving environmental protection results. - The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) outlines mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures that will be implemented during the development and operation of the subproject to avoid or control adverse impacts on the environment, society and outlines the actions required to implement mitigation measures. The ESMP creates a useful link between adverse impact and mitigation measures and ensures that such measures are implemented. - The ESMP imposes responsibilities for the implementation, monitoring, time and cost for the proposed mitigation measures. The summary of the subproject’s environmental and social management plans is presented in the following sections. 7.2 Mitigation Measures 7.2.1 Mitigation Measures during Preparation Phase The main issue in this period is the compensation, assistance and resettlement for affected people whose land, houses, income and assets are affected. The compensation for site clearance will follow the updated resettlement plan of the subproject. The estimated cost of for implementing the Resettlement Action Plan for the subproject works is VND 786,002,560, (equivalent to USD 33,878) which includes the cost of compensation/assistance for land, works, assets affected by the subproject, income restoration program, transitional support, monitoring and evaluation, management and contingency costs. Implementation of compensation and assistance for affected households - The Subproject Owner contracts and coordinates with the district centers for land-fund development, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, the District People's Committees, the Divisions of Natural Resources and Environment, and the Commune People's Committee. The concerned organizations, households and individuals whose land and assets attached to land are located in the acquired area to inform and guide the accuracy, public measurement, determination of ownership, asset declaration in order that the support for households whose land is temporarily affected plans are approved the most exactly. - Disseminate the supports for households whose land is temporarily affected plan of the subproject. - Disseminate the proper implementation of the State's legal obligations and interests. - Publicize detailed compensation prices of each type of damage to affected households. 184 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 - Payment of compensation to the right subjects and on schedule. - Coordinate with local authorities if any disputes occur to ensure the smooth site clearance. The compensation, support cost and other management costs for affected land/property (land, houses, structures and trees) are shown in the Table 60. (For more details, please refer to the RAP report). The implementation of the subproject will affect 1,620 m² of production forest land of 08 households close to Nang reservoir, Luong Bai reservoir, Du reservoir, Ngoc Vo reservoir which is being planted with acacia. According to the RAP report, these households will receive compensation at replacement cost for the affected land area. Table 61. Estimated Cost of Compensation and Support (Unit: VND) Amount: exchange rate: 1 USD = No. Items 23,201 VND VND USD 1 Land compensation 82,940,000 3,575 Land for annual crops 35,150,000 1,515 Land for perennial crops 28,350,000 1,222 Production forest land 19,440,000 838 2 Compensation for architectural property 7,500,000 323 Breeding farm 7,500,000 323 Compensation and support for crops and 3 149,307,000 6,435 trees Fruit trees 8,824,000 380 Timbers 123,733,000 5,333 Crops 16.750,000 722 5 Supports 454,531,000 19,591 Support for job change 192,430,000 8,294 Support for households whose land is 46,101,000 1,987 temporarily affected Support for livelihood restoration for households whose agricultural land is 130,000,000 5,603 recovered Support for vulnerable households 86,000,000 3,707 6 Bonus 7,510,000 324 7 Total compensation and support cost 701,788,000 30,248 8 Management cost = 2% IX 14,035,760 605 9 Contingency cost (10%) 70,178,800 3,025 10 Total 786,002,560 33,878 (Source: RAP Report, 2018 and updated in 2020) Mitigation measures to manage explosives, geological exploration bores The Subproject Owner will contract with an authorized and qualified company like the Center for Environment and UXO Demining under Military Region III to clear mines and explosives before the construction of all sites of the subproject components is implemented; ensuring safe distance and warnings for people during the implementation in accordance with QCVN 01:2012/BQP National Technical Regulations on Clearance of Explosive Ordnance and QCVN 02:2008/BCT-National Technical Standards on Safety in Transportation, Preservation, Use and Destruction of Industrial Explosive Materials. 185 Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 After drilling for geological exploration, the design surveyors will fill drilled holes and return the ground in the areas to minimize washing dirt via drilled holes which may affect the underground water quality. 7.2.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 7.2.2.1 Mitigation Measures to Construction Impacts Mitigation measures are developed based on the World Bank Group's environment, health and safety guidelines and national regulations and standards to minimize construction impacts, in general, which are presented in the ECOP. The ECOP designates the typical requirements implemented by the Subproject Owner and supervised by the CSC during the construction process. The ECOP addresses the following: Dust and emissions; Vibration and noise; Waste management; Management of hazardous materials and chemicals; Management of camps; Biological effect; Soil erosion; Sedimentation and drainage; Warehouse and mine management; Traffic safety management; Interruption of infrastructure services; Accidental discovery; Management of labor flow; Occupational health and safety; Health and safety of the community; and communications with local communities. 186 Table 62. Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) to Minimizing Construction Impacts Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring 1) Dust and emissions - The contractors are responsible for the compliance with TCVN 6438-2005: Road Contractors PPMU, CSC, the requirements of Vietnamese regulations on ambient air vehicles - Maximum DONRE, quality. allowable emission. Local authorities - The contractors must ensure that dust emissions are Decree and CSBs minimized and will not disturb local people, while implementing dust control measures to maintain a healthy No.35/2005/QDBGTVT working environment and minimize disturbance to on quality control, surrounding households. technical safety and environmental protection; - The contractors are responsible for the implementation of dust mitigation measures (e.g., use of water sprinklers, QCVN 05: covering vehicles for transporting materials...). 2013/BTNMT: National DRAFT technical regulation on - Construction materials such as cement, sand and gravel ambient air quality. must be properly covered and secured during transportation to prevent spillage of soil, sand, other materials or dust. Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines of the - Spoilt and stones and stockpile material must be protected World Bank Group against the effects of wind and the locations of the material stores should be checked for current wind direction and locations of the sensitive works. - Anti-dust masks should be used when dust content is too high. - All transportation and construction vehicles must comply with the Vietnamese regulations on the emission limits. - All vehicles must undergo a regular emission test and receive: "certificate of quality, technical safety and environmental protection" under the Decision No.35/2005/QD-BGTVT; 187 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - It is important to ensure that no solid waste or construction materials (e.g., wood, rubber, oil dusters, cement bags, paper, plastic, bitumen etc.) are destroyed. 2) Noise and - The contractors are responsible for compliance with the - QCVN 26: Contractors PPMU, CSC, vibration impacts Vietnamese laws regarding noise and vibration. 2010/BTNMT: DONRE, National Technical Local - All vehicles must have the "Certificate of quality control, Regulation on noise authorities technical safety and environmental protection" under Decision and CSBs No.35/2005/QD-BGTVT; to avoid over-noise generation from - QCVN 27: machinery which is less maintained. 2010/BTNMT: Technical regulation - Measures to reduce noise must be applied as follows: on vibration + Selection of low noise equipment - Environment, Health + Installation of sound muffler for fans DRAFT and Safety Guidelines of the World Bank + Installation of silencer for exhaust and compressor Group components + Installation of soundproofing chamber for the equipment cover causing noise + Installation of adjacent sound insulation barriers and the continuous minimum surface density is 10 kg/m2 to minimize sound transmission. + The sound insulation barriers should be located near the sound source or the sound transmission source. + Installation of vibration control for mechanical machines + Control of operation time for specific equipment or activities, especially when they work close to residential areas. 188 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring + Moving noise sources to other areas to take advantage of distance and barriers + Installation of fixed equipment as far away from residential areas as possible + Taking advantage of natural terrain in the design to prevent noise + Restriction the use of means of transportation serving the project through residential areas + Establishment of a reception and feedback mechanism 3) Waste I. General waste - QCVN 14: Contractors PPMU, CSC, management 2008/BTNMT: DONRE, (a) Domestic wastewater DRAFT National Technical Local - The contractors are responsible for the compliance with the Regulation on authorities Vietnamese laws regarding the discharge of wastewater into domestic wastewater and CSBs water sources. quality; - Hiring local workers to limit waste - QCVN 40: - The wastewater treatment system must be provided for the 2011/BTNMT: treatment of domestic water or sanitary wastewater in areas National Technical without wastewater collection network. Wastewater treatment Regulation on systems should only be used for the treatment of sanitary wastewater; wastewater. When the wastewater treatment system being the - Decision form of wastewater treatment selected, it is necessary: No.59/2007/ND-CP Design and installation in accordance with the local regulations on Solid Waste and guiding to prevent any risk to public health or the Management; contamination of soil, water or groundwater. - Decree • Maintaining good performance. No.38/2015/ND-CP on Waste and Scrap • Installing in areas with sufficiently permeable soil for the Management 189 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring design wastewater percentage. - Circular • Installing in stable areas at the same level, which are well No.36/2015/TT- draining and permeable, with separation between drainage and BTNMT on Hazardous groundwater or other receiving waters. Waste Management. - Wastewater from washing construction machines and - Environment, Health equipment must be collected in the settling pond before being and Safety Guidelines discharged into the local sewerage system. of the World Bank Group. - Upon the completion of the construction works. The waste water tanks and septic tanks must be safely treated or sealed up. (b) Construction wastewater - Construction wastewater mainly arises from: vehicle washing, oil change, maintenance of equipment, machinery and means of transport, treatment and cleaning of raw materials, etc. In DRAFT addition, there is insignificantwater arising from the process of drilling for waterproofing and treating the dam body, so to minimize the impacts from these wastewater sources. The Subproject Owner and the construction contractors must take the following measures: Measures for waterproofing drilling: - Complying with the technical standards, controling water generation, forming a waterproofing membrane for the middle core by drilling and grouting with cement grout or constructing a bentonite trench wall will completely minimize the impacts arising from this activity of the subproject. - The technical requirements for drilling grout used in the subproject construction: (i) all drilling components including water must be clean to ensure the quality; the grout mixing ratio and fabrication is according to the approved plan; (ii) the 190 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring stratification time is not less than 20 minutes; (iii) the grout before being put into the compression chamber for injection consists of particles less than 2 mm in diameter; (iv) the number of holes to be drilled is enough for grouting in 1 day; (v) after a borehole is grouted, it must be filled within 24 hours in accordance with the current regulations. - Due to the specific nature that the subproject applies the injection drilling technique to treat seepage of dam body, so cement will be mixed with water into a liquid for drilling. With detailed calculations on drilling techniques and strict requirements in the construction process. The impact that can be caused to the external environment from the drilling solution is assessed to be negligible. Measures to deal with termites: Drill a spiral hole in a dam DRAFT foundation and spraying termiticide into a termite nest through the drilled hole. Then inject clay to seal the voids made by termites in a dam foundation to protect the surrounding environment and thoroughly treat hidden dangers caused by termites. This measure is not harmful to the environment but requires specialized equipment and experience in the termite treatment for irrigation works. (c) Rain water - Rainwater should be separated from the treatment and sanitary sewage to reduce the amount of wastewater to be treated before discharging. - Preventing water surface runoff from construction areas or potential sources of pollution. - If this approach is not practical. The amount of wastewater discharged from the treatment and storage area must be separated from the contaminated water stream which is likely to 191 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring be less polluted. - Reducing water runoff from the areas where there are no potential sources of contamination (e.g., minimizing the impermeable surface area) and reducing the maximum discharge rate (e.g., using aquacultural ponds). - In case, it is necessary to treat rain water to protect the receiving water quality, priority should be given to managing and treating the first discharge of rainwater, where most pollutants are potential present. - When the water quality criteria meet the permission, rainwater must be managed as a natural resource, either for groundwater recharge or for meeting the water need of the facility. - It is essential to install and maintain oil separators and lubricant DRAFT traps at refuelling facilities, workshops, parking areas, fuel depots and storage areas. - Sludge from rainwater tanks or collection and treatment systems may contain high levels of pollutants must be treated in accordance with local requirements. If it is not treated, it must be suitable to the protection of public health and safety and the preservation and long-term sustainability of water and land resources. (c) Solid waste - Prior to construction. The contractors should prepare solid waste control process (storage, garbage bins, cleaning schedules, etc.) and be careful during the construction. - Before construction. The contractors must ensure that all permits or waste treatment contracts are available. - Measures should be taken to minimize potential waste 192 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring generation and improper behaviour relating to waste disposal. At all construction sites. The contractors must provide garbage bins, containers and waste collection facilities. - Solid wastes may be temporarily stored at site in the designated areas approved by the contractors, CSC and local authorities before being collected and treated through licensed waste collectors. - Waste packaging must be protected against corrosion. - Do not burn, bury or dump solid wastes in place. - Re-usable materials such as wood panels over grooving, steel, scaffolding, packaging materials, etc. will be collected and classified at site from other sources for recycling or for sale. - If not being dismantled on site, solid waste or construction DRAFT debris will only be disposed at designated locations that are approved by the CSC and included in the Solid Waste Disposal Plan. In any case, the contractors shall not dispose of any material in sensitive environmental areas such as natural habitats or water bodies. II. Hazardous waste (a) Storage of hazardous waste Hazardous waste must be stored to prevent or control accidental release into the air, soil, and water sources in the area where: Wastes are stored in a way that prevents any disturbance or contact between incompatible wastes and allows inspection among the tanks to track leaks or spills, e.g., including spaces between compatible areas or physical isolations like walls or barriers. Store in a tightly closed containers for direct sunlight, wind and rain. 193 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring Storage should be on a waterproof surface that is easily cleaned, and properly packaged to contain any spill or leakage. The storage area should be covered to prevent rainwater from accumulating. The secondary prevention system must be constructed with appropriate materials for the storage of waste and sufficient to prevent leakage into the environment. Secondary storage includes wherever liquid waste is stored in volumes greater than 220 litters. The available volume of secondary containment must be at least 110 percent of the largest repository, or 25 percent of total storage (whichever is larger) at that particular location. Providing adequate ventilation where volatile materials are stored. (b) Transportation of hazardous waste DRAFT - Onsite and offsite waste transportation must be carried out to prevent or minimize spillage, release, and exposure to staff and the public. - All waste containers designated for on-the-spot transport must be protected and labelled with relevant content and hazards, properly loaded on the transport vehicle prior to departure and must be accompanied by a shipping document (e.g., manifest) describing the load and associated hazards, in accordance with the instructions. (c) Burial of hazardous wastes - Chemical waste of any kind must be disposed of at appropriate burial sites and approved in accordance with the requirements of local law. The contractors must have the necessary processing certificate. - The disposal of hazardous waste must be carried out and 194 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring handled by specially trained and certified workers. - The use of oils, lubricants, detergents... from vehicle and machine maintenance must be collected in a storage tank and recycled by the company specializing in waste oil recycling at the waste disposal site. - Unused or rejected bitumen or bitumen products will be returned to the supplier's factory. 4) Soil erosion - Limitation of construction activities on rainy days Environment, Health and Contractors PPMU, CSC, Safety Guidelines of the DONRE, - Using geotextile to temporarily cover erosion-prone soil World Bank Group Local - Covering a layer of soil over the soil surface to help soil absorb authorities water gradually and CSBs - Building walls around the erosion area to block the flow of DRAFT water - Stabilizing surface erosion by cultivation or concreting. 5) Drainage and - The contractors should follow the detailed design of the TCVN 4447: 1987: Contractors PPMU, CSC sediment wastewater system in the construction plan to prevent water Construction regulations management spills or erosion of hillsides and areas which are not protected and acceptance from floods, resulting wastewater pollution to local water - Circular No.04/2017- resource. BXD of the Ministry of - Ensuring that the sewage system is not filled with mud and Construction on the other obstructions. Regulations of Labor Safety Management in - Maintenance of the current status of the areas that are not under Construction construction. - Circular - Carrying out reasonable earthwork, excavation and filling, No.22/2010/TT-BXD of complying with construction standards, including such the Ministry of measures as installation of wastewater system, planting trees. Construction regulating 195 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring labour safety in - In order to avoid waste sediment, that impacts the water source, construction work a sediment management system should be installed to slow or divert waste and sediment until the crop is cultivated. A - QCVN 08-MT: sediment management system may include the removal of canal 2015/BTNMT - waste, canal banks, waste tank, straw material, post-storm national technical sewerage protection system or barriers. standards on surface water quality. - Draining or supplying water: In case the construction works should be carried out at water sources (e.g., bridges, retaining walls, anti-erosion system). The areas should be drained, ensuring dry conditions for construction. Settling water from the construction site must be discharged into the sediment management system to be treated before flowing into the water source. - Mitigation measures should be implemented for each specific DRAFT area under the EMP when changing water flows or constructing dykes. 6) Management of - The use of hazardous materials and chemicals within the - Decree Contractors PPMU, CSC hazardous materials subproject must adhere strictly to the manufacturer's No.38/2015/ND-CP and chemicals instructions. on waste and waste management; - Using types of chemicals on the list of authorized agencies - Decision - Persons exposed to hazardous materials and chemicals should No.23/2006/QD- receive intensive training in the risk prevention measures due to BTNMT on the list of exposure to hazardous materials and chemicals. hazardous wastes; - Persons who are frequently exposed to hazardous materials and - Circular chemicals should be periodically checked health (no less than 6 No.36/2015/TT- months) and appropriate rest periods are recommended. BTNMT on Transportation of hazardous materials and chemicals management of - Using accessories, pipe lines and hoses dedicated to the hazardous waste; 196 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring materials in the tanks (for example, all acids use one type of - Circular connection, all caustics use different equipment) and maintain No.10/2020/TT- procedures to prevent the inaccurate addition of toxic BNNPTNT on the list substances to the tanks. of plant protection - Using compatible transfer device and match the characteristics drugs permitted for of the transfer material and design to ensure safe transfer. use in Vietnam; - Regularly checking, maintaining and repairing accessories, - Circular pipes and tubes. No.21/2015/TT- BNNPTNT on - Providing secondary containment, dripping or other spill management of plant prevention and containment measures for containers of protection drugs hazardous materials at possible connection points or spill points. - Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines Overload control DRAFT of the World Bank - Preparing written procedures for transportation including a Group. checklist of measures to be taken during the filling process and use of the trained persons. - Installing the measuring equipment on the tanks to measure the volume inside. - Using water dripping pipes for tank trucks and fixed connections to the tanks. - Providing automatically sealed valves on the tanks to avoid overload. - Using a water tank around the spillway tubes to collect the spillage. - Using pipe connection with automatic overload protection valves (float valves). - Pumping less than the allowed capacity in the tanks or ship by 197 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring placing less material than its availability. - The case of overload or overpressure of tubes. The load should be controlled down. Response to fire and explosion prevention - Storage of incompatible materials (acids, bases, flame retardants, oxidants, chemical reactants) in separate areas, and facilities to separate the material storage areas. - Providing specific material storage for extremely hazardous or reactive materials. - Using flame arresters on vents from flammable containers. - Providing lightning protection for tanks, transfer stations and other equipment used to treat flammable materials. DRAFT - Selecting compatible building materials with products stored for all parts of the storage and distribution system and avoiding reuse of containers for various products without material interoperability testing. - Storage of hazardous materials in the area of the establishment isolated from the main works. If the tangibility cannot be avoided, physical separation must be made using structures designed to prevent fire, explosions, spills, and other emergencies that affect the operation of the facility. - The storage area should be on a non-absorbent surface and be easily cleaned, properly packaged to avoid any spills or leaks. Storage areas should be covered to prevent accumulated rainwater. - All sources of ignition are prohibited from areas near flammable tanks. 198 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring Secondary chamber (liquid) - Transferring dangerous substance from storage tanks to storage areas where there is sufficiently permeable surface to avoid environmental degradation and sloping down to collection places or storage structures to avoid connecting to wastewater/rain water collection systems. - If no permanent containment structure is provided for transfer activities, one or more other spill prevention forms such as mobile casings (which can be deployed throughout the duration operating hours) of pressure relief valves on rainwater tanks or closing valves in drainage or sewer equipment, in conjunction with oil water separators should be provided. - Storing hazardous materials in tanks capable of equal to or DRAFT larger than 1,000 litters in the unwaterproofed surface areas, which are covered or braided to contain at least 25% of total storage amount. - Providing secondary containment to the parts (tanks, pipes) of the hazardous materials storage system, at the feasible extent. - Carrying out routine tank inspections (e.g., daily or weekly), and inspection of visible parts of tank trucks and pipes to avoid leakage. - Using composite or special storage systems and pipelines, especially in the use of underground tanks (USTs) and underground pipelines. If using a dual wall system. There should be a means of detecting leakage between the two walls. Training Employees need training in hazardous waste management. The training programs include: - List of trained staff; 199 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - Specific training objectives; - Mechanisms for achieving goals (practical workshops, videos, etc.); - Means of determining whether the training program is effective or not; - Training procedures for new recruits and new courses for existing staff. Community Participation and Awareness - There is general information to the community which is likely to be affected by the scope and extent of the subproject activities and on-site preventive and control measures to ensure that there is no impact on human health. DRAFT - Potential impacts on human health or the environment caused by incidents or from existing hazardous wastes. - Specific and timely information on the behaviour and appropriate safety measures will be adopted in the event of an accident, including practice exercises at high-risk locations. - Access to the information needed to understand the nature of the possible impacts of the accidents and the opportunity to contribute effectively to the relevant decisions and to develop emergency preparedness plans. - The Department of Natural Resources and Environment and the Department of Health will be informed in time about any environmental incidents. - Preparation and implementation of remedial measures after the oil spills. In this case, the contractors must provide a report explaining the reason for the spill, corrective actions, 200 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring consequence/damage from the spill incident, and corrective action. 7) Biological effect - The contractors should establish a management plan for site - Law on Biodiversity Contractors PPMU, CSC clearance, vegetation rehabilitation and re-planting in No.20/2008/QH12 accordance with the relevant regulations for pre-approval by the - Decree Engineer. The site clearance plan must be approved by CSC and No.65/2010/ND-CP contractors should strictly follow this plan and limit the number guiding the Law on of areas that need to be cleared as low as possible. Biodiversity - The site clearance in forest land in mountainous areas requires the permission of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. - The contractors should release the topsoil of all areas where the topsoil will be affected by the rehabilitation work, including temporary measures such as storage and piling up. Removed DRAFT topsoil will be concentrated in the areas agreed with the CSC for future reforestation and protection. - It is prohibited to use chemicals in the release of vegetation. - Do not cut trees unless getting allowance in the vegetation clearance plan. - Installing temporary protection fences to protect plants that need to be retained if necessary before commencing work at the site. - Do not encroach important ecological resources unless the CSC has obtained permission, who should consult with the PPMU and the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) and relevant authorities. These include the areas where birds, animals, fish farms, or green protected areas are developed. 201 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - The contractors should ensure that no hunting, trapping and poisoning activities occur. - 8) Traffic The contractors must strictly comply with the provisions of the - Law on Contractors PPMU, CSC, management Road Traffic Law. Transportation DONRE, No.23/2008/QH12; Local Adopt the best traffic safety measures in all aspects of subproject authorities activities with the aim of preventing traffic accidents and - Decree and CSBs minimizing injuries suffered by subproject staff and the public. The No.100/2019/ND-CP measures should include: on regulations on administrative • Emphasizing the safety aspect of the driver. sanctions in the field • Improving driving skills and driving license requirements. of road and rail traffic; • Adoption of travel time limits and arrangement of dashboards to avoid overload. - DRAFT Law on Construction No.50/2014/QH13; • Avoiding dangerous roads and times of day to reduce the risk of accidents. - Circular No.04/2017- BXD of the Ministry • Using the speed control equipment on the trucks and of Construction on remotely tracking the actions of the drivers. the Regulations of - Regular maintenance of the vehicles and use of the parts Labor Safety approved by the manufacturers to minimize serious accidents Management in that may occur due to equipment malfunction or premature Construction. failure. - Environment, Health - Minimizing the interaction of pedestrians with construction and Safety Guidelines vehicles. of the World Bank Group - Cooperating with local communities and competent agencies to improve the signage, vision and overall safety of roads, especially along strips located near schools or other places where there are children; Working with local communities on traffic education and pedestrian safety (e.g., school education 202 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring campaigns). - Coordinating with emergency response agencies to ensure that appropriate first aid measures are provided in the event of an accident. - Using locally sourced materials, whenever possible, to minimize transportation distances; Locating associated facilities such as labor camps in the subproject area and arrange transportation of workers by bus to minimize external traffic. - Using safe traffic control measures, including signs and flaggers to warn of hazardous conditions. - 9) Disruption access - Planned and unplanned disruption of water supply, gas, - Decree Contractors PPMU, CSC to utility services electricity, internet: The contractors must conduct prior No.167/2013/ND-CP on consultation and prepare a contingency plan with the local DRAFT sanctioning authorities for the consequences of discontinuance. administrative violations in the field of - Collaborating with relevant utilities to develop appropriate security, social order construction plans. and safety. - Providing information for affected households on construction time as well as planned service interruption (at least 5 days in advance). - The contractors plan to provide replacement irrigation water for agriculture for affected people in the event of a long disruption more than one day. - Any damage to the cable lines, power lines, irrigation water... will be reported to the authorities and repaired immediately. - 10) Management of - Contractors' and workers' camps are built temporarily on the - Labor Law Contractors PPMU, CSC, workers’ camps subproject land. No.10/2012/QH13 DONRE, Local - These areas are far enough to accommodate building materials, - Environment, Health authorities 203 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring oil, waste, discharge canals, and sensitive places such as and Safety Guidelines and CSBs schools, hospitals, churches, temples and other dangerous areas of the World Bank such as landslides, subsidence or erosion. Group - Camps should be well-ventilated, sunlight, clean water, garbage collection, septic toilets, mosquito nets, fire extinguishers, first aid kits, and other health protection facilities for workers. - Camps, kitchens, showers and toilets must be cleaned regularly and kept clean. Arrange trash cans and collect waste daily from the camps. The camp drainage ditches must be dredged periodically. - 11) Managing social - Employment of local workers for simple jobs and limitation of - Decree Contractors PPMU, CSC, issues relating to worker increase in the subproject area. No.167/2013/ND-CP, DONRE, worker flow stipulating Local - Explanation to the workers about the local customs to avoid DRAFT administrative sanctions authorities conflicts with local people. in the field of security, and CSBs - The Subproject Owner and the contractors should cooperate social order and safety; with local agencies to prevent social evils. prevention of social - Strengthening campaigns to eliminate social evils evils - Communicating with local organizations to ensure effective - Environment, Health management and GRM so that affected local people can rely on. and Safety Guidelines of the World Bank - Temporary workers living in camps and rental housing must Group register their temporary residency with local authority. - Employees are strictly forbidden to: + Use alcoholic beverages during construction + Controversy, fighting + Gambling, social evils such as drug use, prostitution + Littering waste. 204 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - 12) Finding artifacts If the contractors discover archaeological sites, historical relics, - Amended and Contractors PPMU, CSC, of historical or remains and antiques, including graveyards and/or individual Supplemented Law on DONRE, cultural values graves during excavation or construction. The contractors shall: Cultural Heritage Local No.28/2001/QH10; authorities + Cease construction activities within the scope of discovery; and CSBs - Amended and + Delineate location or area of discovery; Supplemented Law on + Keep the locations safe to protect objects that can be Cultural Heritage removed from the areas. In the case of detachable antique No.32/2009/QH12; objects or sensitive objects, it needs to protect them at - Amended and night until the local authorities or the Department of Supplemented Decree Culture, Sports and Tourism take over; No.98/2010/ND-CP + Notify the CSC, who will inform the local or national authority responsible for cultural property of Vietnam (within 24 hours or less); DRAFT + The agency in charge of protection of local or national heritages will be responsible for protecting and preserving these sites before deciding on further procedures. A preliminary assessment report on the detection process is prepared. The meaning and importance of the findings are assessed according to different criteria relating to cultural heritage, including aesthetic, historical, scientific, research, social and economic values; + The decision on how to handle the search is made by the agency responsible for protecting local heritages. This may include changes in arrangement (such as when a heritage is found and cannot remove) for conservation, preservation, restoration and recovery; + If cultural monuments, high value heritages and protected conservation areas are recommended by experts and 205 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring required by the Cultural Relics Agency. The Subproject Owner will need to make necessary changes to meet the requirements and conservation of the area. + Decisions relating to the management of the search for objects will be notified in writing by the competent authority. + The buildings can only be restored after being permitted by local authorities to protect the heritages. DRAFT 206 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring 13) Occupational Over-exertion - Directive Contractors PPMU, CSC, health and safety No.02/2008/CT-BXD DONRE, Training workers in lifting and handling materials in construction on strengthening Local and finishing, including the setting of weight limits on which measures to ensure authorities mechanical assistance or two-person lifts, which are required. occupational safety and and CSBs Planning work arrangements to minimize the need for manual health in units in the transportation of heavy loads. construction industry Selecting tools and work points to reduce power requirements and - Circular No.04/2017- retention time, and promoting improved posture, including BXD of the Ministry of workstations that can accommodate users. Construction on the Implementing administrative controls on work processes, such as Regulations of Labor job rotation and rest or break. Safety Management in Construction Slide and fall DRAFT - QCVN 18: 2014/BXD: Implementing good sanitation measures, such as placement and National technical arrangement of loose building materials or debris in designated regulation on safety in areas away from pedestrian walkways. construction Regular cleaning of waste residue and liquid waste. - Environment, Health Locating electrical wires and connections in common areas and and Safety Guidelines marked corridors. of the World Bank Group Using non-slip shoes. Working at height - Training and using temporary fall prevention devices such as rails or other fences, which may support a weight of 200 pounds, when workers are working at or above two meters in height or at any height, if the risk involves in falling into the active machinery, into water or other liquids, into the hazardous substance, or through the open area on the work surface. 207 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - Training and using personal fall arrest systems such as seat belts and power harnesses which are capable of supporting 2,268 kg (it is also described in the section above), as well as rescue procedures to prevent people from falling to the ground. The connection point of the fall protection system can also support 2,268 kg. - Using control areas and safety monitoring systems to alert workers to the locations near fallacious risk areas as well as to tighten, mark and label lids for openings on floors, roofs or pedestrian surfaces. Struck by objects - Using restricted or discharge areas and/or gully to safely move waste from top to bottom. DRAFT - Sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, splitting or chiselling with appropriate protection and anchorage when working. - Maintaining clear ways to avoid heavy equipment crossing discarded materials. - Using protective measures when someone or material is dropped from scaffolding and the edges of work surfaces, such as handrails and planks, to prevent material from being shot. - Moving work areas during blasting and use of explosive or deflecting methods to minimize flying stones or demineralization if the work is conducted close to people or structures. - Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety glasses with side shields, masks, helmets, and safety shoes. Moving machinery 208 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - Planning and isolating traffic locations; operating machinery and walkways; controlling vehicle traffic through one-way lane, speed limits, and on-site personnel; Wearing easy-to-observe jackets or carrying specialized clothing to regulate traffic. - Ensuring visible observation through the use of identifiable coats when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas; training workers to check eye contact with operators before reaching the vehicle. - Making sure movable equipment is equipped with alarm system. - Using lifting equipment that is well inspected and maintained for loads, e.g., cranes, and ensuring load when lifting them higher than the required height. DRAFT Dust - Dust minimization techniques such as the use of water or non- toxic chemicals should be implemented to minimize dirt from vehicle movements. - Personal protective equipment such as respirators will be used where dust levels are too high. Excavation and filling in limited space - Controlling site specific factors that may contribute to the instability of the slope of the earthworks, e.g. The use of water removal techniques in earthworks, side wall support and adjustment of slope to eliminate or minimize the risk of collapse, trapping, or drowning. - Providing safe facilities to access to and get out of excavated areas such as step slope, grade entry, or stairs and ladders. 209 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - Avoiding operating incinerators for long periods in excavation or embankment areas where other workers must enter unless the area is ventilated. Other site hazards - Assigning trained staff to identify and eliminate wastes from containers, pots, vats, processing equipment or contaminated soil as the first step in excavation, construction, dismantling or destroying the safety. - Assigning specially trained staff to identify and select the removal of potentially hazardous materials in the construction prior to the demolition, for example, insulators or structures containing asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury- containing electrical components. DRAFT - Using appropriate protective equipment based on occupational health and safety assessment including respirators, protective clothing, gloves, and eye protection. 14) Community A. Common site hazards - Law on road traffic Contractors PPMU, CSC, Health and Safety No.23/2008/QH12 DONRE, - The subproject must implement risk management strategies to Local protect the community from physical, chemical or other hazards - Circular No.04/2017- authorities associated with construction areas. BXD of the Ministry and CSBs of Construction on the - Limiting access to construction site via a combination of Regulations of Labor internal controls and administrative measures for the high-risk Safety Management structures or areas, depending on specific circumstances, in Construction fencing, signage, and communications of the risk to the local communities. - QCVN 18: 2014/BXD: Technical - Eliminating dangers on construction sites that cannot be regulations on safety effectively controlled by restricting access to the site such as in construction covering open areas into shielded spaces, creating paths to the 210 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring larger openings such as ditches or dug holes or store them - Environment, Health around hazardous materials. and Safety Guidelines B. Disease prevention of the World Bank Group Communicable disease - It needs to monitor, screen and treat workers. - Preventing diseases among workers, in the local communities by: • Providing initiatives to raise awareness on health and education, for example by implementing an information strategy to strengthen individual awareness in order to address systemic factors that may affect fish behaviour, which also promotes personal protection and protects others from infection by encouraging the use of condoms. DRAFT • Training health workers on disease treatment. • Implementing vaccination programs for local communities and workers to improve health and prevent infection. • Providing health services. • Providing treatment through case management at on-site or community-based health care facilities; Ensuring the access to appropriate medical treatment, confidentiality and care, especially for migrant workers. • Promoting cooperation with local authorities to increase access of families of workers and the community to public health services and promoting vaccination. Diseases spread by transmission vectors - Preventing the spread of larvae and pathogens through 211 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring hygienic measures and removal of habitats and reproduction of larvae of human settlements. - Removing unused water. - Increasing flows of natural and man-made canals. - Considering the application of fencing pesticide residue areas. - Implementing integrated vector control programs. - Promoting the use of chasing drugs, clothing, nets, and other preventive measures to prevent insect bites. - Implementing preventive treatment with non-immune drugs and coordination with health workers to destroy the reservoirs that contain diseases. DRAFT - Monitoring and treating endemic and migratory populations to prevent the spread of the diseases. - Cooperating and exchanging equipment and machinery with other control programs in the subproject area to maximize benefits. - Training subproject staff and local people on risk, prevention and treatment. - Monitoring the communities in high risk seasons for the detection and treatment of cases. - Distributing appropriate educational materials. - Following the safety instructions for storing, transporting and using pesticides to minimize the potential for misuse, overexposure, and human exposure to accidents. Control of diseases relating to Covid-19 212 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring Prepare contigency plans: - The contingency plans are developed for each site setting out procedures to be applied in the event of the spread of Covid-19 to the site. The contingency plans should be developed in consultation with the central and local health facilities to ensure the effective organization in place to prevent, care for and treat workers infected with Covid-19. Also, the contingency plans should be included with the considerations on how to act if a large number of workers become ill, where the access to and from the sites may be restricted to prevent the spreading of the deasease. The contingency plans should be developed and disseminated to employees and workers including: DRAFT - Procedures for isolating and testing workers (and those with whom they have been in contact) with symptoms; - Care and treatment for workers, including where and how this care and treatment will be provided; - Receive an adequate supply of clean water, food, medical supplies and cleaning equipment in the event of an outbreak of disease at the site, especially when access to the site or transportation of supplies is restricted. The contingency plans should outline specific actions if someone may become infected with Covid-19 at the construction sites, including: - Indicate arrangements to place the person in a room or area where they will be isolated from others at the construction site, limit the number of people in contact with the person, and contact local health authorities; 213 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring - Consider how to identify people at high risk (for example, due to pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes, heart and lung disease, or elderly people), and support them, without stigma and discrimination on the site; and - Consider contingency plans and organize continuous operations if the pandemic breaks out in neighboring residential areas. The contingency plans should be included with the arrangements for storage and disposal of medical waste, which may increase in volume and remain infectious for several days (depending on types of material). It is necessary to discuss and agree on the support that site health workers may need, as well as arrange for transportation (without risk of cross-contamination) on sick workers to national health facilities for intensive care or treatment. DRAFT The contingency plans should be included with the considerations on how to maintain the safety of workers and communities in the event of suspension of works or disease outbreak affecting large number of workers at sites at any time. It is important that site safeguard measures must be reviewed by safeguard experts and applied before the construction is suspended. When making contingency plans for the subproject, we need to discuss with other project leaders/labor groups in the region to coordinate and share knowledge. It is important that local health authorities should be involved in this coordination to minimize changes to local facilities that are overwhelmed and are unable to serve the community during the outbreak. Coordinate with local health authorities to periodically check the health of employees and workers, spray and disinfect tools, labor protection equipment and camp areas on the construction sites. 214 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring During the disease outbreaking, regularly check body temperature and make personal medical declarations every working day, stop construction or implement a rotating working schedule, do not concentrate at the construction site as max as 10 people, employees/workers regularly wear masks, wash their hands with antibacterial solution before and after finishing a work-shift. Implement the government guidance on 5K and vaccination. - 15) Management of - Large-scale borrow pits or stockpiles will need site- Law on Environmental Contractors PPMU, CSC, stockpile and borrow specific measures that go beyond those in this ECOP Protection 2014 DONRE, pits Local - All using locations must be pre-designated in accordance with authorities the approved construction standards. and CSBs - There should be a drain around the collection area to prevent wastewater discharge. DRAFT - The ground at the collection site will be dug out and then used to return the status quo as initially as possible. - If there is a need for new locations during the construction process, prior approval by the construction engineer is required. - If landowners are affected when their lands are used for digging or piling. They should be included in the Sub-project Resettlement Plan (RAP). - If a connection to the roads is required, which should be considered in the environmental assessment process. 16) Communications - Maintaining communications with local authorities and - Decree Contractors PPMU, CSC, with local communities. The contractors should cooperate with local No.167/2013/ND-CP DONRE, communities authorities (commune-level chairpersons and village heads) on on sanctioning Local the construction plans agreed in the areas near the sensitive administrative authorities areas or in the sensitive times like religious festivals. violations in the field and CSBs 215 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring of security, social - Vietnamese copies of ECOPs and other relevant environmental order and safety safety documents will be provided to the local communities and workers in the construction sites. - Amusement Park, parking lot is narrowed: Losses in public infrastructure during construction are often an inconvenience to people in sensitive areas. However, surveys on affected populations will provide opportunities for research and implementation of alternative measures. - Disseminate information on the subproject to the affected parties (e.g., local government, affected businesses and households, etc.) through community meetings before commencement of construction. - Providing public relations contacts for interested parties to DRAFT collect information on site activities, status and results of the subproject. - Providing information, especially technical findings in understandable language to the public and useful form to elected citizens and officials through documentation and dissemination of key findings during the subproject phase. - Managing the involvement to community and information requirements for subproject implementation. - Responding promptly and accurately to requests by phone and text. - Informing local people about construction plans, service disruptions, roundabouts and bus routes, in case of necessary explosion or destruction. - Limiting construction in the evening. If it is necessary well preparation and notice to everyone is adequately informed to 216 Environmental and National codes, Responsible agencies Mitigation measures social impacts standards Implementation Monitoring take the necessary measures. - Notifying at least 15 days of disruption of services (electricity, water, telephone, bus, etc.) to the public by posting notice at the place of implementation of the subproject, bus station and at affected businesses/households. - Providing documentation and technical drawings to local authorities and residents, especially the construction area outline and the ESMP for the construction site. - Bulletin boards should be arranged at all construction sites to provide information on the subproject as well as contact liaison with the PPMU, environmental staff, safety and health staff, and communications, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can present their concerns and suggestions. DRAFT 7.2.2.2 Mitigation Measures for Specific Impacts In addition to the general mitigation measures mentioned above, during the construction of 13/16 reservoirs in Hoa Binh province. There are specific impacts on sensitive areas scattered on the construction sites. After consultation with local authorities and communities, specific solutions and implementation are presented in Table 63. Table 63. Mitigation Measures for Sensitive Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring The kindergarten is The construction and - Inform school administrators about Contractor CSC, PPMU, about 3km from the transport of materials construction activities and local 1, Hoa Mai Kindergarten, construction site. It is affects: potential impacts such as waste, community Mong Hoa commune located close to HW.6 - Traffic safety for dust and noise, traffic and about 15-20 m students during peak construction progress at least two hours (7am-8am and weeks prior to commencement of 217 Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring 16h30-17h30pm). construction. - Dust, noise and - Limit transportation during peak emissions from trucks hours when students arrive and generated during leave school (weekdays: 7:00 a.m.- material transportation. 8:00 a.m.. 4:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m.). - Impact on rest and - Install safety warning signs around activities of teachers the school. and students. - Keep sufficient watering to minimize dust during dry and windy days at least twice a day on the route. - Arrange staff to regulate traffic in the process of transporting construction materials and waste at DRAFT the time when students go to school and leave school. - Drivers must refrain from honking when approaching school. - Transporting materials during construction should be covered to avoid spilling and spreading dust to the surrounding environment. 2, Hoa Ban Kindergarten, The kindergarten is The construction and - Inform school administrators about Contractor CSC, PPMU, Yen Quang Primary and about 1.5 km from the transport of materials construction activities and local Secondary School in Mun 6 construction site. It is affects: potential impacts such as waste, community hamlet. The center of Quang located close to - Traffic safety for dust and noise, traffic and Tien commune, Hoa Binh PR.446, about 15- students during peak construction progress at least two city 20m away. hours (7am-8am and weeks prior to commencement of 16h30-17h30pm). construction. Hoa Ban Kindergarten - Dust, noise and - Limit transportation during peak emissions from trucks hours when students arrive and Yen Quang Primary and generated during leave school (weekdays: 7:00 a.m.- 218 Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring Secondary School material transportation. 8:00 a.m.. 4:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m.). - Impact on rest and - Install safety warning signs around activities of teachers the school. and students. - Keep sufficient watering to minimize dust in dry and windy days at least twice a day on the route. - Arrange staff to regulate traffic in the process of transporting construction materials and waste at the time when students go to school and leave school. - Drivers must refrain from honking when approaching school. DRAFT - Transporting materials during construction should be covered to avoid spilling and spreading dust to the surrounding environment. It is located on the The construction and - Inform school administrators about Contractor CSC, PPMU, way to the reservoir, transport of materials construction activities and local 100 m from the affects: potential impacts such as waste, community construction site. - Traffic safety for dust and noise, traffic and students during peak construction progress at least two hours (7am-8am and weeks prior to commencement of 3, Thong Nhat High School 16h30-17h30pm). construction. - Dust, noise and - Limit transportation during peak emissions from trucks hours when students arrive and generated during leave school (weekdays: 7:00 a.m.- material transportation. 8:00 a.m.. 4:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m.). - Impact on rest and - Install safety warning signs around activities of teachers the school. and students. - Keep sufficient watering to 219 Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring minimize dust during dry and windy days at least twice a day on the route. - Arrange staff to regulate traffic in the process of transporting construction materials and waste at the time when students go to school and leave school. - Drivers must refrain from honking when approaching school. - Transporting materials during construction should be covered to avoid spilling and spreading dust to the surrounding environment. It is located on the The construction and DRAFT - Inform school administrators about Contractor CSC, PPMU, way to the Luong Bai transport of materials construction activities and local reservoir, Doan Ket affects: potential impacts such as waste, community commune, Yen Thuy - Traffic safety for dust and noise, traffic and district. The school is students during peak construction progress at least two about 2000m far from hours (7am-8am and weeks prior to commencement of the construction site. 16h30-17h30pm). construction. - Dust, noise and - Limit transportation during peak 4, Doan Ket Kindergarten emissions from trucks hours when students arrive and generated during leave school (weekdays: 7:00 a.m.- material transportation. 8:00 a.m.. 4:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m.). - Impact on rest and - Install safety warning signs around activities of teachers the school. and students. - Keep sufficient watering to minimize dust during dry and windy days at least twice a day on the route. - Arrange staff to regulate traffic in 220 Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring the process of transporting construction materials and waste at the time when students go to school and leave school. - Drivers must refrain from honking when approaching school. - Transporting materials during construction should be covered to avoid spilling and spreading dust to the surrounding environment. 5, The People’s Committee Far from the works - The construction and - Inform the Commune People's Contractor CSC, PPMU, of Cu Yen commune. The and transport route material transport may Committee about construction local commune health station. The about 15 20m, about obstruct people’s travel activities and potential impacts community cultural house of Ram hamlet 1km far from the and traffic safety when such as waste, dust and noise, and the Anas Platyrhynchos construction people go to the DRAFT traffic and construction progress at Eco-Tourism Zone in Gieng reservoir; the Anas People’s Committee of least two weeks before starting Xa hamlet, Cu Ye commune. Platyrhynchos Eco- Cu Yen commune. construction. Tourism Zone is - Risk of losing traffic - Strictly control the load of material located at the foot of safety. transport vehicles. Dom reservoir dam - Dust, noise, exhaust - Transporting materials during foot. gas caused by material construction should be covered to transportation. avoid spilling and spreading dust - Traffic congestion at to the surrounding environment. peak hours when - Commit to repair and return the people go to work. infrastructure works to their original state in case of damage. - Keep sufficient watering to minimize dust during dry and windy days at least twice a day on the route. - Apply mitigation measures as described in ECOP when 221 Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring constructing items near eco- tourism areas. Located near the - Construction activities - Regular consultation with the Contractor CSC, PPMU, construction reservoir, may hinder people’s temple manager on the times of local about 20m, close to travel to Thuong organizing religious activities and community Cuc Phuong National Temple on the full festivals to have appropriate Forest, established moon and first day of construction plans. and managed by local each month.. - Inform the temple abbot of people. The religious - Risk of losing traffic construction plans, construction activities take place in safety. activities and related impacts at the 1st and full moon - Dust, noise, vibration least one month before the start of of every month. caused by construction construction. machinery. - Prepare a reasonable construction 6, Thuong Temple, Lac Thuong reservoir, Lac Thinh commune, Yen plan to minimize the impact on Thinh commune Thuy district. DRAFT temple activities. - Contractor will take measures to minimize dust, noise and vibration impacts on the temple as agreed with the temple abbot. - Transporting materials during construction should be covered to avoid spilling and spreading dust to the surrounding environment. - Workers should be gentle with local people and respect local beliefs. The system of canals Transportation of raw - Consult with local authorities on Contractor CSC, PPMU, and ditches for materials in the planning and scheduling of local 7, Infrastructure downstream irrigation construction causes construction works. community of Sung reservoir, damage, downgrade of - Strictly control the load of material Yen Lac commune, road works, limits transport vehicles. Yen Thuy district irrigation canals for - Commit to repair and return the 222 Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring irrigation downstream. infrastructure works to their original state in case of damage. Located on the The construction and - Inform school administrators about Contractor CSC, PPMU, expected material transport of materials construction activities and local route of HW.21, the affects: potential impacts such as waste, community school is close to - Traffic safety for dust and noise, traffic and HW.21, about 15- students during peak construction progress at least two 20m. hours (7am-8am and weeks prior to commencement of 16h30-17h30pm). construction.. - Dust, noise and - Limit transportation during peak emissions from trucks hours when students arrive and generated during leave school (weekdays: 7:00 a.m.- 8, Thanh Luong material transportation. 8:00 a.m.. 4:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m.). Kindergarten, Primary and - Impact on rest and - Install safety warning signs around Secondary School activities of teachers DRAFT the school. and students. - Keep sufficient watering to Thanh Luong Kindergarten minimize dust during dry and windy days at least twice a day on Thanh Luong Primary and the route. Secondary School - Arrange staff to regulate traffic in the process of transporting construction materials and waste at the time when students go to school and leave school. - Drivers must refrain from honking when approaching school. - Transporting materials during construction should be covered to avoid spilling and spreading dust to the surrounding environment. 9, Primary Kindergarten Located on the way to The construction and - Inform school administrators about Contractor CSC, PPMU, School branch of Yen Nghiep Khoang Chia transport of materials construction activities and local 223 Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring commune Luc hamlet reservoir, Yen Nghiep affects: potential impacts such as waste, community commune, Lac Son - Traffic safety for dust and noise, traffic and district. The school is students during peak construction progress at least two about 600m far from hours (7am-8am and weeks prior to commencement of the construction site. 16h30-17h30pm). construction. - Dust, noise and - Limit transportation during peak emissions from trucks hours when students arrive and generated during leave school (weekdays: 7:00 a.m.- material transportation. 8:00 a.m.. 4:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m.). - Impact on rest and - Install safety warning signs around activities of teachers the school. and students. - Keep sufficient watering to minimize dust during dry and windy days at least twice a day on DRAFT the route. - Arrange staff to regulate traffic in the process of transporting construction materials and waste at the time when students go to school and leave school. - Drivers must refrain from honking when approaching school. - Transporting materials during construction should be covered to avoid spilling and spreading dust to the surrounding environment. 10, Muong Chua Market, Tu Located on the The construction and - Inform school administrators about Contractor CSC, PPMU, Ne Kindergarten (Chua expected waste soil transport of materials construction activities and local village, Tu Ne commune) transport route to affects: potential impacts such as waste, community level the sports field - Traffic safety for dust and noise, traffic and Muong Chua Market of Bin hamlet. The students during peak construction progress at least two objects are away from hours (7am-8am and weeks prior to commencement of 224 Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring Tu Ne Kindergarten the construction 16h30-17h30pm). construction. reservoir about 3 km. - Risk of losing traffic - Limit transportation during peak safety at Muong Chua hours when students arrive and market area. leave school (weekdays: 7:00 a.m.- - Impact on rest and 8:00 a.m.. 4:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m.). activities of teachers - Install safety warning signs around and students. the school. - Dust, noise, exhaust - Keep sufficient watering to gas caused by material minimize dust during dry and transportation. windy days at least twice a day on the route. - Strictly control the load of material transport vehicles. - Commit to repair and return the DRAFT infrastructure works to their original state in case of damage. - Limit the traffic of vehicles and machines in and out of the construction site during the students’ dismissal time and the market time in the early mornings. - Transporting materials during construction should be covered to avoid spilling and spreading dust to the surrounding environment. 11, The People’s Committee Located on the - Construction activities - Inform The People’s Committee of Contractor CSC, PPMU, of Tan Lap commune and expected waste soil may obstruct people’s Tan Lap commune about local Chieng market transport route (road movement to Tan Lap construction activities and community to Mien Doi Commune People’s potential impacts such as waste, commune). The Committee. dust and noise, traffic and objects are away from - Risk of losing traffic construction progress at least two the construction safety at Chieng weeks prior to commencement of 225 Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring reservoir about 2 km. market area. construction. - Dust, noise, exhaust - Strictly control the load of material gas caused by material transport vehicles. transportation. - Limit the traffic of vehicles and - Traffic congestion at machines in and out of the peak hours when construction site during the early people go to work. morning market. - Keep sufficient watering to minimize dust during dry and windy days at least twice a day on the route. - Transporting materials during construction should be covered to avoid spilling and spreading dust DRAFT to the surrounding environment. 500m far from the The construction and - Inform school administrators about Contractor CSC, PPMU, reservoir construction transport of materials construction activities and local area affects: potential impacts such as waste, community - - Traffic safety for dust and noise, traffic and ồng students during peak construction progress at least two hours (7am-8am and weeks prior to commencement of 16h30-17h30pm). construction.. - - Dust, noise and - Limit transportation during peak 12, Bac Son High School emissions from trucks hours when students arrive and generated during leave school (weekdays: 7:00 a.m.- material transportation. 8:00 a.m.. 4:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m.). - Impact on rest and - Install safety warning signs around activities of teachers and the school. students. - Keep sufficient wateringto minimize dust during dry and windy days at least twice a day on the route. 226 Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Responsibility Reservoirs for for implementation monitoring - Transporting materials during construction should be covered to avoid spilling and spreading dust to the surrounding environment. - Arrange staff to regulate traffic in the process of transporting construction materials and waste at the time when students go to school and leave school. - Drivers must refrain from honking when approaching school. 13, Infrastructure On the way to Tha Transportation of raw - Consult with local authorities on Contractor CSC, PPMU, reservoir in Dong materials in the planning and scheduling of local Song hamlet, Dan Ha construction causes construction works. community commune. damage, downgrade of DRAFT - Strictly control the load of road works, limits material transport vehicles. irrigation canals for - Commit to repair and return the irrigation downstream. infrastructure works to their original state in case of damage. Note: For the drilling and waterproofing of the dam body of each work-item, the contractors must absolutely comply with the construction technical standards mentioned in Section 2.5.1 of the report. Moreover, the grouting solution must ensure the standard mixing ratio or the ratio of additives (if any) according to the approved design plans. The water used to mix the solution must be clean, free of impurities, and ensure the quality of the standard grout. After grouting a drilled hole. The hole must be filled in accordance with the current regulations within 24 hours. - The preparation of drilling solution will be carried out carefully in a designated area to avoid environmental pollution. - It is necessary to evaluate the hazard level of the drilling injecting solution before carrying out the drilling injecting operations. - All equipment and tools for the preparation of drilling injecting solutions must be properly managed and sanitized to avoid penetration of the solution into soil, surface water and groundwater. - Temporary settling ponds will be constructed on sites to collect outflow drilling injecting solution and the solution in the settling ponds will be disposed of in compliance with the Government's current waste disposal regulations. 227 Measures to prevent and respond to dam breakage and subsidence during subproject construction As analyzed in chapter 5, the possibility of dam breaking and unsafety during the construction of the subproject is very low. These risks and incidents can be controlled through contingency plans and emergency response plans. The PMU will coordinate with the contractors, construction supervision consultant, local community monitoring boards to develop specific plans as follows: - Establish technical boards to keep regular engineering inspection of the works and make plans for emergency handling of incidents. - During construction in the periods when there are unsafety risks, like in stormy season, the PPMU and the construction contractors will send people to keep monitoring and stay on site to promptly realize possible incidents and ensure the proper regulation of the water sources. - Regularly update and process information on the hydro-meteorological situation, rain and flood events in the reservoirs. promptly handle situations caused by storms and floods. In urgent cases, directions of technical board leaders and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development should be sought. - Establish a vanguard force to be trained to perform first rescue tasks when a work has an incident. Prepare adequate supplies, vehicles and equipment for flood prevention and gather them in the right places. - Ensure that there is an electrical system in the rainy season. - Ensure a smooth communication system during the rainy season. - Regularly work with functional units to inspect the works, reservoir beds and reservoir side areas to prevent bad elements from damaging the works. - Supervise construction activities and operations of the reservoirs, dams and key DRAFT works; detect, evaluate and classify emergency situations, determine necessary measures to limit and minimize to eliminate dangers and consequences. - People and local authorities need to make plan to actively respond to natural disasters. - The PPMU works strickly with the people's committees of the communes and local people to promptly report dam unsafety risks to take timely remedial measures. 228 7.2.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase After the completion of the construction works, the reservoirs will reach the water storage capacity as designed and ensure irrigation for downstream agricultural cultivation. The solutions relating to the safety and operation of the reservoirs are discussed further in the "Dam Safety Report" of the same subproject. Table 64. General Mitigation Measures for Impacts During Operation Phase Implemented Monitored Impacts Mitigation measures by by - Equipping warning signs and installation of Reservoir PPMU dangerous warning system on the dam areas. owners Drowning - Disseminating drowning risk to the community along the reservoirs. - Limiting the activities that generate solid waste Reservoir PPMU and wastewater. owners Domestic waste - No littering. from activities - Waste must be collected and transported to the of reservoir local landfill. operators and - Wastewater must be collected into settling pits tourists before being discharged into the environment. - Propaganda to raise awareness of reservoir managers about the environmental protection. - Informing the downstream people about the Reservoir PPMU annual repair and maintenance plans. owners - Performing periodic maintenance and repairs Repair and during the shortest period of time and at the time maintenance of the lowest water demand. DRAFT - Performing measures to maintain water supply during repair to ensure there is no disruption in water supply. - Preparing emergency preparedness plans as part Reservoir PPMU of the dam safety reports. owners - The Management and Operation Unit should timely and accurately inform the flood discharge plan for the local communities so that they Risk of dam actively capture and respond. breakage: - At risky times like in rainy season, it is necessary Regulation of to appoint persons to regularly monitor, to ensure reservoirs and proper regulation of water sources. flood discharges - Building safety corridors for flood discharge on in case of big the basis of impact scenarios. The specific floods affecting solutions are detailed in the dam safety reports downstream and emergency response plans. - Complying with the flood control boards of 15 communes, belonging to 6 districts of Tan Lac, Lac Son, Yen Thuy, Luong Son, Kim Boi and Hoa Binh city. - The Management Units of Reservoirs regularly Reservoir PPMU check the reservoir safety. owners - Performing proper operation procedures to ensure Disaster risk the safety of the reservoirs. causes unsafety - The Management Units of Reservoirs closely coordinates with the Commune People's Committees and the local people to promptly report the risks associated with dam safety in 229 Implemented Monitored Impacts Mitigation measures by by order to take timely corrective measures. - Local people and local authorities take initiative in community-based coping strategies. - Developing scenarios for predicting the extent of dam breakage effects, options for human evacuation, solutions for life and community property in emergency situations, etc. The details are included in the Dam Safety Report and the Emergency Response Plan of the subproject. 7.3 Organization of Implementation 7.3.1 Project Management Central level The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) is responsible for implementing and managing the entire project. The provinces carrying out the rehabilitation and improvement of the dam safety under Component 1. MARD will coordinate the activities with the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) under Component 2. The Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) under MARD is responsible for coordinating and monitoring the overall project. The improvement and preparation of dam safety plans, including protection and decentralization, are focused on the provincial governments. The Provincial People's Committees and the Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) are the provincial chairmen. The Provincial Project Management Units (PPMU) are responsible for managing and supervising the works with the support from the CPMU. DRAFT The CPMU will assist the project implementation via an Environmental and Social Technical Assistance Agency. In addition, the CPMU hires an independent consultant to evaluate the implementation of the Environmental and Social Safeguard policy for the entire subproject, once every 6 months which is selected through a competitive bidding process to provide support and quality assurance for the central level during the project implementation. This includes the support to the CPMU in reviewing, refining when necessary. This process will be considered in accordance with the context of Decree No.72 to assist the MARD in establishing necessary systems for the implementation of the National Dam Safety Program. Provincial level The People's Committee of Hoa Binh province assigned the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) to carry out the subproject in the area, set up the WB8 Project Management Unit (PPMU) to implement the bidding, supervision of construction, resettlement action plan, environmental and social action plan, and these actions must be in line with the overall framework of the overall project. The PPMU will be supported by the CPMU in term of technical assistance, environmental and social consultation. The project implementation organization is outlined in the following diagram. 230 Dam safety International team consultant National level Environmental Ministry of Agriculture Technical and and social and Rural tecniquesupport engineering Developme support specialist nt specialist 3 r Environme Environme Environ Environm d Provincial Environ mental ntal and mental ntal and ental and level social and social m social and engineerin engineerin social engineeri o social engineeri g g ng n engineeri ng i ng t o Su ESIA ESIA ESIA ESIA ESIA ESIA ESIA r bp construct construc constru constructi construct constru construc i roj ion and tion and ction on and ion and ction tion and n ect design design and design design and design design g design c o Figure 2. The Subproject Organization n f e r (Source: DRSIP Framework, 2015) e n c 7.3.2 Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental and Social Safeguard Management e In terms of the regular investment monitoring activities, the CPMU will carry out the monitoring with the coordination of the local environmental authority to determine whether the subproject implementation meets all requirements of the local environmental and social management framework, socio-environmental impact assessment reports and environmental management plans or not. The agency will also visit the site at various stages of the project to confirm that the Environment Social Management Plans and the environmental and social monitoring plans are being implemented in full. A monitoring report including environmental DRAFT and social management issues will be included in the overall field report. The designated environmental and social experts are responsible for preparing quarterly and annual reports on major project implementation steps, outputs and results of environmental management actions to be made for all investments throughout the subproject cycle. The CPMU requests the PPMU to include their corresponding environmental component in their investments, which include important mitigation activities and environmental incidents. The PPMU must integrate the environmental component in all reports prepared for the World Bank. The stakeholders should be fully aware of the ESMP implementation mechanism in the subproject investments. This will be very important in supporting and evaluating their roles in the environmental monitoring and the monitoring and evaluation of the subproject activities. The organization diagram during the CESMP implementation is outlined in Figure 3. 231 Figure 3. Organization chart for the implementation of the Subproject's Environment Safeguard Policy The details of the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in the environmental and social management during the subproject implementation are presented in Table 65. Table 65. Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders DRAFT Responsibilities Stakeholders - The CPMU, on behalf of the Subproject Owner, MARD will be responsible for monitoring the overall implementation of the subproject, including the compliance with the subproject's environmental and social safeguard policies. - Responsible for reporting the implementation of the subproject environmental protection policy to the MONRE and the World Bank. Central Project - The CPMU will be assisted in the overall implementation of the subproject Management Unit by the Technical Consultant (TA), which will develop a system to properly (CPMU) monitor the social and safety aspects during the subproject implementation. - The independent monitoring of the third party will carry out regular independent evaluation of the subproject activities. This agency will also assess the compliance with the policy application and the implementation of safety instruments, including environmental management plans/environment code of practices, resettlement policy framework/resettlement action plan, ethnic minority development plan and gender action plan. - The PPMU will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of the subproject, including the compliance with the subproject's environmental policy. The PPMU will be the final agency responsible for the CESMP Provincial Project implementation and the implementation of the environmental activities of Management Unit the subproject during the construction and operation phases. (PPMU) - Specifically. The PPMU will: (i) work closely with the local authorities on the community consultation during the project preparation and implementation phases; (ii) oversee the implementation of the CESMP, 232 including the incorporation of CESMP into detailed engineering designs, tender documents and contract documents; (iii) ensure that the environmental management system is well established and functions; (iv) responsible for reporting on the implementation of the CESMP to the CPMU. The DONRE and the World Bank. - The PPMU’s ES is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the World Bank's social and environmental safeguard policies at all subproject stages and during the subproject implementation. Specifically. The environmental staff will be responsible for: (i) assisting the PPMU to integrate CESMP into detailed engineering designs, civil engineering tender documents and contracts; (ii) assisting the PPMU to oversee CESMP in ESIA and Resettlement Action Plan in accordance with the Terms of PPMU environmental Reference, bidding documents and contract documents for CSC (CSC), if and social staff (ES) needed; iii) providing relevant inputs for the consultancy selection process; (iv) assisting the PPMU to review CESMPs of awarded contractors; (v) reviewing reports submitted by the CSC and the safeguard consultants; (vi) conducting periodic field surveys; (vii) supporting the PPMU with the measures to address the social and resettlement issues of the subproject; and (viii) developing social and environmental implementation contents in line with the progress and the DD reports to submit to the CPMU and the World Bank. - The CSC will entrust the Environmental and Social Officers to maintain regular monitoring of all construction activities and ensure that the contractors comply with the contract requirements and the ECOPs. The CSC will arrange sufficient number of qualified staff (e.g., Environmental Engineers) with full knowledge of environmental protection and CSC (CSC) construction project management to perform the required tasks and supervise the contractors' activities. DRAFT - The CSC will also assist the PPMU in (i) reporting and maintaining close coordination with local communities, and (ii) strengthening the capacity of civil protection for the construction contractors. Bidders will submit the following additional documents to the bidding documents: Code of Conduct (ESHS) • The bidders will submit codes of conduct that will be applied to their employees and subcontractors to ensure the compliance with the contractual environmental, social, health and safety obligations (ESHS). • In addition, the bidders will elaborate how the codes of conduct will be implemented. This will include: how they will be incorporated into the conditions of employment/participation, training to be provided, Bidders how to monitor and how the bidders propose to deal with any violations. Management Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIP) toward ESHS risks The bidders shall submit Management Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIPs) to manage the following major environmental, social, health and safety (ESHS) risks: + Traffic management plan to ensure the safety of local communities from construction traffic; + Water resources protection plan to prevent drinking water pollution; + Strategic marking and boundary protection for mobilization and 233 construction to prevent adverse externalities; Strategies to obtain consent/permits prior to commencement of relating work such as opening a quarry or borrow pits. - The contractors will appoint site, social and environmental officers (SSEOs) to implement the proposed environmental and social mitigation measures in the CESMP. - The contractors shall submit to the PPMU/CSC for approval, and then to implement. The contractors’ Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP)10 must be in accordance with the Specific Conditions of the Terms of Contract 16.2, including the agreed management strategies and implementation plans. - The contractors are required to appoint competent individuals who are Site Environmental Safeguard Officers (SSEOs), who will be responsible for monitoring the compliance with the Code of Conduct and Management Contractors Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIP) toward ESHS risks. - Take actions to minimize any potential negative impacts consistent with the objective described in the CESMPs. - Actively discuss with local people and propose actions to prevent disturbance during construction. - Ensure that all employees and workers to understand their procedures and tasks in the environmental management program. - Report to the PPMU and the CSC about any problems and solutions. - Report to local authorities and PPMU and CSC in the event of environmental incidents and coordinate with the agencies and the DRAFT stakeholders to address these issues. - The community supervision boards (CSBs) are set up under the Prime Minister's Decision No.80/2005/QD-CP dated 18 April 2005 on the “Regulation on Community Investment Supervision Mechanism”. The Local authorities, CSBs are authorized to supervise construction activities, environment local communities negative impacts caused by construction activities, and the potential negative impact mitigation measures. Ensure that the potential negative mitigation measures are effectively implemented by the contractors. In case of environmental problems affecting the communities. They will inform the CSC and/or the PPMU. Provincial People’s - Supervise the implementation of the environmental protection of the Committee, subproject's construction components, ensuring the compliance with the Department of Government's policies and regulations. The DONRE and the departments of Natural Resources natural resources and environment of the districts will monitor the and Environment compliance with the Government's environmental regulations. 10 The Contractor shall not be commenced any works, including mobilization and/or pre-construction proceeds (e.g., restricted site clearance for roads, service roads and construction site, geotechnical investigations or investigations to select ancillary features such as quarries and coal mines unless the PPMU is satisfied that appropriate measures are taken to address the risks and environmental, social, health and safety impacts. At least, the Contractor will apply Management Strategies and Implementation Plans and Code of Conduct, submitted as part of the bid and agreed as part of the Contract. The Contractor shall, on a continuing basis, submit to the subproject Manager for approval of additional Management Strategies and additional Implementation Plans as needed to manage the risks and impacts of the ESHS on the ongoing works. These management strategies and implementation plans cover the entire Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP). The C-ESMP will be approved prior to the commencement of the construction activities (e.g. exhumation, earthworks, bridges and structures, streams and roads, exploitation or extraction of materials, mixing concrete and production of asphalt). The approved C-ESMP will be reviewed periodically (but no less frequently than every six months), and updated promptly, as required by the Contractor, to ensure that it is in conformity with the activities to be implemented. The C-ESMP update will require prior approval of the subproject Manager. 234 7.4 Environment Compliance Framework The duties of the contractors, site, social and environmental officers (SSEO) and CSC here which are not mentioned in the SPD are required to be included in the Subproject Owner’s requirements (Section 7 of the SPD). 7.4.1 Contractors’ Environmental Duties11 Firstly, the contractors must comply to mitigate potential impacts of construction activities of the subproject. Secondly, the contractors must apply the mitigation measures within the framework of the Environment and Social Management Plan to prevent damages and disturbance to local communities and the environment due to impacts during the construction and operation phases. The contractors are required to submit for approval and then implement the contractors’ Environmental and Social Management Plan in accordance with the Specific Conditions of Contract Clause 16.2, including the management strategies and implementation plans. The remedial actions that are not possibly carried out during the construction must be carried out when the construction finishes (and before the acceptance of the completion of work). The tasks of the contractors include, but are not limited to: - The compliance with the legal requirements relating to the environment, safety and public health. - Working within the scope of contract requirements and other bidding conditions. - Establishment of representatives of construction teams that participate in the joint inspections conducted by the SSEOs of the PPMU and the CSC. - Coordinating with the functional units which are responsible for conducting periodic environmental monitoring according to the ESIA. DRAFT - Coordinating with the PPMU to conduct training and dissemination of social and environmental safeguard policies for officials and workers on site. - Carrying out any corrective actions as directed by the SSEOs of the PPMU and the CSC. - If there is a case of non-compliance or falsification, the investigation and submission of options on mitigating measures should be carried out and measures are taken to minimize environment impacts. - Stopping obstructing construction activities when receiving instructions from the SSEOs of the PPMU and the CSC; proposing and implementing remedial measures and alternative construction methods to minimize environment impacts. If the 11 If the Contractor is not performing or does not perform any of the ESHS obligations or works under the Contract, the values of the obligations or works determined by the Project Manager may be withheld until they are implemented and / or repaired or replace. The cost as determined by the Project Manager may be withheld until the repair or replacement is completed. Failure to implement includes, but not limited to, the following: • Failing to comply with any of the ESHS obligations or works described in the Building Requirement, including: working beyond the boundaries of the site, excessive dust, failing to keep public roads in condition safe use, damage to vegetation, water or sediment contamination, soil contamination e.g. from oil, human waste, archaeological damage or cultural heritage characteristics, air pollution due to fire is not allowed and / or is ineffective; • Unregularly reviewing the C-ESMP and / or updating it in a timely manner to address emerging ESHS issues or anticipate risks or impacts; • Not implementing C-ESMP; • Having no prior consent / permission before commencing work or related activities; • Not submitting ESHS reports (as described in Appendix C of the SPD), or failing to submit reports timely; • Not taking remedies under the Engineer's direction for the specified period of time (e.g., correcting non- compliance). 235 contractor fails to comply with the above requirements. The contractors will be suspended from work or receive penalties until the matter is resolved and the PPMU and CSC’s approvals are obtained. 7.4.2 Contractors’ Social and Environmental Officers (SSEOs) The contractors are required appointing competent staff, including the site, social and environmental officers (SSEOs). The SSEOs must be adequately trained in environmental management and provided with necessary skills to transfer environmental management knowledge to all staff involved into the contracts. The SSEOs will be responsible for monitoring the contractors’ compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental requirements. The assignments of the SSEOs will include but is not limited to the following: - Organizing the inspection of the environment current state to assess and inspect the status of the contractors’ construction site, contractors’ equipment and construction methods relating to pollution control and mitigation measures to environmental impacts, which is fully realized or not; - Monitoring the compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contract requirements; - Assisting the functional units to periodically monitor the environment according to the ESIA content; - Monitoring the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; - Preparing audit reports on environmental conditions at site; - Investigating complaints and proposing corrective measures; - Advising the contractors on environmental improvement, awareness and measures to prevent immediate pollution; DRAFT - Proposing appropriate mitigation measures for the contractor in case of non-compliance; Implementing additional monitoring of non-compliance under the instructions of the PPMU environmental officers and the CSC; - Notifying the contractors and environmental staff (PPMU and CSC staff) of environmental issues; submitting the contractors’ ESMP to the environmental staff of PPMU and CSC, and other concerned agencies, if necessary; - Maintaining detailed records of all site activities relating to the environment. 7.4.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring during Construction During the construction process, the competent CSC reports to the PPMU and carry out the environmental and social monitoring. The CSC will assign environmental and social staff who will be responsible for monitoring and supervising all construction activities to ensure that the mitigation measures selected in the ESMP are properly implemented and the negative environmental and social impacts caused by the subproject are minimized. The CSC will assign environmental and social monitoring engineers with knowledge of project management, construction and environmental and social management to perform the required responsibilities and supervise the implementation of the contractors. In particular, the CSC’s environmental and social staff will: - On behalf of the PPMU, review and evaluate if the construction design meets the ESMP's requirements for mitigation and management measures; - Supervise the contractors’ environmental and social management system at site including the implementation, experience and ability to address environmental and social issues on site and providing guidance on correction; 236 - Review the contractors’ CESMP implementation, verifying and confirming the environmental and social monitoring procedures, parameters, monitoring sites, equipment and results; - Report on the implementation of the CESMP to the PPMU and preparation of monthly or quarterly environmental and social monitoring reports during construction phase. 7.4.4 Compliance with contractual and legal requirements The construction activities not only comply with the environmental protection and pollution control requirements of the contracts but also comply with the Law on Environmental Protection and Pollution Control of the Vietnamese Government. All contractors’ reports on construction methods submitted to the CSC and the PPMU for approval must provide with adequate measures to control pollution and protect the environment. The CSC and the PPMU will also review the progress and program of the works to verify that the relevant environmental laws are violated and to possibly prevent any one who manage to break the law. The contractors must save the copies of the documents relating to the safeguards and safeguard officers of the CSC and the PPMU. The documents must at least include updated work progress reports, updated construction methods, and other licensing applications under the Environmental Protection Law and all valid permits/licenses. The Environmental and social staff of the CSC and the PPMU will also have right to access to the websites, logbooks upon request. After reviewing the documents, the environmental and social staff of the CSC and the PPMU will advise the PPMU and the contractors on any non-compliance with the contractual and DRAFT legal requirements relating to the environmental protection and pollution control so that they can continue the next actions. If the environmental and social staff of the CSC and the PPMU conclude that the status of the permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control activities may not be consistent with the works or may lead to violations of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they will promptly notify the contractors and the PPMU. 7.4.5 Reporting In addition to the progress reports, the contractors shall provide reports on the Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) data set out in Appendix B to the Standard Bidding Document (SPD). In addition to the reports in Appendix B, the contractors shall immediately notify the PPMU of any incidents in the following groups. Full details of these incidents will be provided to the PPMU within the time agreed upon with the PPMU. - Confirmation or any act which is likely to violate law or any international agreement; - Any death or serious injury (time damage); - Significant adverse effects or damage to personal property (e.g., car accidents, damage caused by flying stones, working outside the boundaries); - Severe pollution of groundwater or damage to or destruction of habitats or endangering rare species (including protected areas); or - Any allegations of sexual harassment or sex offenses, child abuse, defamation, or other violations relating to the child. Table 66. Reporting Requirements 237 No. Reported by Submitted by Frequency 1 Contractors CSC Immediately when there are failure or accident risks Monthly as required 2 CSC PPMU Immediately when there are failure or accident risks Monthly as required 4 CSBs PPMU When the community complain about the implementation of the safeguard policy of the subproject 5 PPMU DONRE and Quarterly or every six months in CPMU compliance with the government environmental legislation 7.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism Every complaint relating to any subproject issues will be resolved through negotiations to reach consensus. The complaints will go through three stages before appealing to the courts. The agencies in charge of complaint settlement (PPMU) will pay all administrative and legal fees relating to the acceptance of complaints. This cost is included in the subproject budget. Complaint procedures and settlement will be implemented as follows. 7.5.1 Procedures for Complaints and Settlement (i) The People's Committees at commune levels (CPCs): The affected people can bring their complaints to any members of the CPCs through the village heads or directly to the CPCs in writing or orally. The members of the CPCs or the village heads will inform the CPCs of the complaints. The CPCs will work directly with the affected people who complains and decide DRAFT on the reconciliation/settlement within 5 days of receiving the complaints (about 15 days for the mountains and remote areas). The secretaries of the CPCs are responsible for filing and archiving documentation of all complaints that the CPCs handle. After decisions are made by the CPCs, the concerned households can make complaints against within 30 days. In the case of the second decisions made by the CPCs, if the households are still unsatisfied with the decisions, they can appeal to the superior people's committees in accordance with the complaint procedures stipulated in the Law on Complaint in 2011 and relating documents. (ii) The People's Committees at district levels (DPCs): When there are complaints, the DPCs will have a period of 15 days (or 30 days for mountains and remote areas) to resolve them. The DPCs are responsible for filing and archiving documentation of all complaints that they handle. When the DPCs issued decisions, the complainants can appeal again within 30 days. In the case of the second decisions made by the DPCs, if the households are still unsatisfied with the decisions, they can appeal to the provincial people's committee in accordance with the complaint procedures stipulated in the Law on Complaint in 2011 and relating documents. (iii) The Provincial People's Committee (PPC): The PPC has a period of 30 days (or 45 days for mountains and remote areas) from the date of receipt of the complaints to settle. The PPC is responsible for filing and archiving documentation of all complaints that it handles. After the PPC issued decisions, the complainants can appeal again within 45 days. In the case of the second decisions made by the PPC, if the households are still unsatisfied with the 238 decisions, they can appeal to the court within 45 days. The PPC will have to pay compensation costs to an account. (iv) The Provincial Court. When the complainants take their cases to the provincial court and the rules of the court are favourable to the complainants, the provincial authorities will increase the compensation to a level that the court can approve. In the case that the court judgments are favourable to the PPC, the complainants will be reimbursed the charges they paid to the court. The complaint decisions must be sent to the complainants and the involved parties and publicly posted up at the offices of the people's committees of the competent levels. The complainants will receive the judgments three days at the commune level and seven days at the district or provincial levels after there are decisions on the settlement of their complaints. To minimize the number of complaints at the provincial level, the PPMU will coordinate with the district compensation committees to organize the consultations on the complaint settlement. The role and capacity of the district compensation committees is to provide compensation, assistance and resettlement to affected households and displaced persons. Personnel: The environmental and resettlement staff selected by the PPMU will design and maintain a database on the subproject complaints from affected households, including information like the nature of the complaints, the sources and dates of receipt of the complaints. The names and addresses of the complainants. The action plans, and the current status. For verbal complaints, the agency that settles complaints will record these requests in a complaint form at the first meeting with the affected households. 7.5.2 Contractors and CSCs DRAFT Besides, during the construction process, the Grievance Redress Mechanism will be managed by the contractors under the supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform affected communities the availability of the Grievance Redress Mechanism to resolve grievances and concerns regarding to the subproject. This will be done through a community consultation and disclosure process whereby the contractors will regularly communicate with affected communities and relevant agencies. The meetings will be held quarterly, monthly at least. The subproject information flyers will be announced. The announcements will be made on the local media and announcements that the upcoming activities will be posted... All complaints and actions taken by the contractors will be recorded in the subproject monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages may be made in the following forms: - In person: directly to the CSC and/or the contractors’ security guards or site office representatives. - In writing: by hand or by posts to specific addresses. - By telephone, fax, e-mail: to CSC, security guards or contractors’ representative. When a complaint is received. The relevant CSC and contractors’ safeguard officers or representatives will file the complaint and record incidents subsequent to the complaint until it is settled. Immediately after receiving complaint, it is necessary to make 04 copies. The original will be kept in the file, 01 copy will be kept by the contractors’ safeguard officer, 01 copy will be sent to the CSC and 01 copy will be sent to the PPMU within 24 hours of receipt of the complaint. 239 The complaints recorded will include: - Dates and hours of complaints. - Names, addresses and contact details of complainants. - Brief descriptions of complaints. - The actions taken to resolve complaints, including contact persons and findings at each stage of complaint settlement process. - Dates and hours when complainants are contacted during the resolution process. - Final decisions about complaints. - Dates, times and how complainants were informed. - Signatures of complainants when making decisions. Small-scale claims will be resolved within a week. Within two weeks (and every week thereafter). The written response will be sent to the complainants (manual, post, fax, e-mail) which states the procedures to be following and the process by date. The main objective is to solve the problem as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few persons as possible and at the lowest possible level. Only if the problem cannot be solved at the simplest level and/or within 15 days, other functional agencies will participate. Such situations may arise, for example, where damages are claimed. The volume of claims cannot be resolved, or the causes of damages are determined. 7.5.3 The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Mechanism DRAFT The World Bank Grievance Redress Mechanism: Individuals and communities can believe that if a subproject funded by the World Bank adversely affects their lives. They may file complaints to that subproject grievance mechanism or the World Bank's grievance redress committee. The World Bank's grievance redress committee ensures that complaints are addressed in a timely manner relating to the subproject. Individuals or organizations affected by the subproject may file complaints with the World Bank Inspectorate to determine if any damage occurs or may occur, as a result of failing to complying with the World Bank policies and procedures. Complaints may be made at any time. When the matter is of concern to the World Bank, the PPMU will have responsibility to answer. For more information on how to file a complaint with the WB’s Grievance Redress Committee, please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For more information on how to file a complaint with the World Bank Inspectorate, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org. 7.6 ESIA Implementation Plan 7.6.1 Contractors’ Environment and Social Management Plan (CESMPs) As soon as the contracts are signed, based on the ESIA report, the subproject construction methodology, and the construction plans which are approved by the CSC and the PPMU, the contractors prepare the CESMP of their packages and submit to the PPMU for review and approval. Once the CESMPs are approved, the contractors will implement measures to minimize environmental and social impacts on site. The CESMP information will be posted at the workers’ camps and workplaces to disseminate information about mitigation measures for workers. 240 The contractors post information of mitigation measures at the entrances of the sites, including the addresses, representatives, phone numbers of the parties involved for the local communities to follow and contact as necessary. Assign staff responsible for environment safeguards; train knowledge on environment safeguards and workers’ health. Survey, check the environmental status at site, report to CSC/PPMU if there are significant differences compared to the environment. Sign contracts with authorized units for treatment of daily-life wastes, hazardous wastes, and supply of clean water. Manage workers and construction equipment and issue new certificates in case of expiration. Implement CESMPs and update, submit them to the CSC/PPMU for approval if changes are made prior to the application. Collaborate with the CSC/PPMU to resolve complaints from people about environmental issues and the safeguards of the packages in a timely manner. Report on the implementation of the monthly CESMPs. 7.6.2 Start up the subproject and Personnel The contractors’ SEOs must be trained in the relevant regulations, have certificates of occupational health and safety, and are full-time employees on site. The provision of training on occupational health and safety for workers and the regular inspection of the health and safety service on site must be implemented. DRAFT 7.7 Capacity Building and Training 7.7.1 Training on Safeguard Policy As the PPMU have implemented the projects funded by the World Bank, some PPMU staff may have a clear understanding of the World Bank’s safeguard policies requirements. The PPMU has appointed an officer to be responsible for the environmental safeguards of the subproject. This environmental officer has participated in some safeguard training courses organized by the World Bank and the CPMU at the early stage of the subproject implementation. Training and capacity development, however, is required annually through technical assistance of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policy Officers addressing new safeguard policies requirements. Because the new environmental, social, health and safety (ESHS) requirements are set out in the standard bidding documents, the training in the ESHS requirements will be provided by the World Bank’s Safeguard Policy Officers to the environmental and social staff of the PPMU, the CSC and the environmental and social staff of the contractors as soon as they are mobilized. The PPMU will be responsible for organizing the training in coordination with the World Bank’s Safeguard Policy Officers. Such training courses will be held at the beginning of the subproject to ensure that the ESMP is properly integrated into the bidding documents (subsequently are the contracts). Technical assistance should be provided by experienced staff of construction supervision consultants in accordance with the terms of reference which encompass specific references to the development of the items of the request of the Subproject Owner on the standard bidding documents. 241 7.7.2 Training on Occupational Safety and Health The provisions will be made to provide occupational safety and health training for all new employees to ensure that they are informed of the site's basic workplace conditions and work practices to protect personal and prevent injuries to their colleagues. The training will include perceptions on basic hazards, specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disasters, which must be practice properly. Any specific hazards or colour codes to be used will be considered thoroughly as part of the training orientation. 7.7.3 Orientation of Visitors If visitors are allowed accessing to the areas with hazardous conditions or substance presence, visitor guiding and control program will be established to ensure that they do not enter dangerous areas without the accompanying persons. 7.7.4 Training Contractors and New Workers The PPMU will ensure that workers and contractors, before undertaking new jobs, receive adequate training and information so that they can understand the hazards at work and protect themselves from the hazards which may occur. The training will include: - Understanding about materials, equipment and tools - Understanding about the hazards of operation and how to control them - Potential risks to health - Alerts to prevent exposure - Sanitary requirements DRAFT - Wearing and using protective clothing and equipment - Actions to severe operating conditions, incidents and accidents. 7.7.5 Training on Basic Occupational Health and Safety A basic training program and intensive courses will be deployed as needed to ensure that workers are oriented towards the specific hazards of individual work tasks. The training will generally be provided to managers, supervisors, workers, and occasional visitors to risk and hazardous areas. Workers with first aid and rescue obligations receive special training not to exacerbate the exposure and health hazards to themselves and their colleagues. Training will include the risk of transmitting diseases through blood due to contact with body tissues and body fluids. Through appropriate contractual terms and monitoring, the PPMU will ensure that service providers as well as contractual workers and sub-contractual workers are adequately trained before commencement of their works. The PPMU will be responsible for coordinating with the construction supervision consultants and the contractors’ social environment officers to organize the training courses mentioned above. 7.8 Environmental Monitoring Plan 7.8.1 Monitoring the Compliance with Mitigation Measures The PPMU and the CSC will monitor the compliance of the standards. The PPMU and the CSC will monitor the contractors’ activities in accordance with the agreed mitigation measures. The results are summarized in the monthly reports. 242 Local authorities in 15 communes and communities in 16 reservoir areas will perform monitoring tasks in accordance with the Government’s regulations. The Law on Environmental Protection in 2014 and Decree No.80/2005/ND-CP regarding the regulations on community investment monitoring. In addition, the Contractors’ SSEOs will be responsible for day-to-day monitoring of labor safety and environmental sanitation and reporting to the CSC. The detailed monitoring plans will be prepared during the detailed design phase. Expenditures for the monitoring program will be included in the cost of the ESMP implementation. The coordination between the PPMU and the CSC is essential to monitor the contractors’ compliance with the Contractor Environmental Management Plans (CESMPs). These plans must be reviewed by the CSC and approved by the PPMU prior to commencement of construction. Currently, the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in limited travel, so all issues arising in construction cannot be resolved directly at the site or face-to-face meetings between CSC, PPMU and contractors. Therefore, it is necessary to apply online meetings through Zoom, Zalo, Skybe, Viber ... and video calls to understand construction activities on site. 7.8.2 Monitoring Environment Quality (a) Periodic monitoring An environmental monitoring program for the air quality, soil and water supply information can be used to assess the effectiveness of pollution management strategies. A systematic planning process is recommended to ensure that the collected data is appropriate to their intended purpose (and to avoid unnecessary data collection). This process, sometimes referred to as the process of data quality objectives, determines the purpose of data collection, decisions based on data and consequences of making wrong decisions, time and place DRAFT boundaries, quality and data required to make a correct decision. The environmental monitoring program will consider the following factors: • Monitoring parameters: The selected monitoring parameters should reflect disturbing pollutants relating to the subproject processes. • Basic calculations: Prior to the construction of the subproject, monitoring the environment quality in the ambient and in the subproject area should be carried out to assess the contamination level of the main pollutants to distinguish between the conditions of the current surrounding environment and impacts relating to the subproject. • Type and frequency of monitoring: The ambient environmental quality data generated through monitoring program should represent contaminated pollutants caused by the subproject by time. The time and monitoring frequency can also be arranged from continuous to infrequent, monthly, quarterly or yearly occurrence. • Monitoring locations: Monitoring the ambient environmental quality may be external or within the subproject area by the Subproject Owner, DONRE, or by the cooperation among the parties. The locations of the monitoring stations should be established based on the results of scientific methods and mathematical models to estimate potential impacts on the receptors from emission sources, taking into account such aspects as the locations of the communities which are likely affected. • Sampling and analysis methods: The monitoring programs should use national or international methods for sample collection and analysis, such as those published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The sampling must be conducted by or under the supervision of the trained staff. The analysis will be by authorized or certified 243 entities for this purpose. The quality control plans (QA/QC) should be documented to ensure that the quality of data is consistent with the intended use of the data (for example. The method limits detection to less than the level of interest). The monitoring reports should include QA/QC documents. The noise monitoring programs can be useful for the purpose of setting the ambient noise level, which is present in the proposed subproject area or useful for checking the noise level at the operation phase. The noise monitoring programs should be designed and implemented by trained professionals. Typical monitoring cycles should be sufficient for statistical analysis and may last up 48 hours in parallel with the noise monitoring devices to sub contractual able to record continuous data during this time period, or by hour, or more often, if appropriate (or include different time periods for several days, including weekdays and weekends). Sound indicator types are recorded depending on the types of noise which is being tracked and are determined by the noise specialists. The equipment should be placed about 1.5m from the ground and not closer than 3m to any reflective surfaces (e.g., walls). In general, the noise level is limited by the level of ambient noise or the level of baseline noise in the absence of the noise source which is being investigated. The details are shown in the table 67. Table 67. Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation Phases Responsibility National Measured for Environment Locations Frequency standards to be parameters implementati applied on I. Construction phase Air quality Measurement, 3 Table 1 of QCVN PPMU sampling at 16 months/tim QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT construction sites e 05:2013/BTNM DRAFT T: SO2, NO2, CO, Total dust, microclimate (temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction). Noise, Measurement, 3 Equivalent QCVN PPMU vibration sampling at 16 months/tim noise (dBA) 26:2010/BTNMT construction sites e QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT Surface water 02 samples (01 3 pH, DO, COD, QCVN 08-MT: PPMU quality before and 02 months/tim BOD5, TSS, 2015/BTNMT after the works) e Total N, Oil, at 16 reservoirs Grease, minerals, Total P, Total Coliforms The subproject estimated duration is between October, 2021 and June 2022). The periodic sampling locations coincide with the sampled locations during the ESIA implementation. In the implementation process, depending on the construction conditions, we change environmental monitoring locations to suit the reality. The detailed estimates are given in Appendix 2. II. Operation phase Surface water 02 samples (01 01 time pH, DO, COD, QCVN 08-MT: PPMU quality in front of and monitoring BOD5, TSS, 2015/BTNMT 01 behind the after Total N, Oil, 244 Responsibility National Measured for Environment Locations Frequency standards to be parameters implementati applied on works) at 16 completing Grease, reservoirs the minerals, Total constructio P, Total n and Coliforms completing the monitoring before handing over the works Notes: - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National Technical Regulations on Ambient Air Quality - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulations on Noise - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulations on Vibration - QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT: National Regulation on Surface Water Quality DRAFT 245 Table 68. Environmental Monitoring Plan Mitigation Responsibilities Parameters Locations Methods Frequency Costs measures Implementation Monitoring Pre-construction phase Number of affected households are Monthly or when Implementation compensated Complaints there are Part of the RAP of Resettlement Affected area Observation PPMU arising in connection with complaints from cost Action Plan compensation and AHs benefits Construction phase 16 reservoirs in the Once every 3 Water quality pH, DO, COD, BOD5, PPMU hires a Independent Included in subproject area and Observation, DRAFT months control TSS, Total N, Oil, Grease, functional unit to environmental contract other streams near analysis of minerals, Total P, Total monitor and analyze monitoring the construction samples Coliforms samples consultant sites SO2, NO2, CO, Total dust, Take PPMU hires a Independent Included in Air quality, microclimate measurements and Observation, Once every 3 functional unit to environmental contract noise and (temperature, humidity, samples in 16 analysis of months monitor and analyze monitoring vibration wind speed, wind reservoirs in the samples samples consultant direction), noise, vibration subproject area Construction area; PPMU/CSC/ Daily or when CSBs At residential areas Included in Minimize dust Monitoring mitigation Survey there are near construction Contractors construction generation measures Interview reflections from works at 16 contract people reservoirs Reduce noise Monitoring mitigation Construction area; Survey Daily or when PPMU/CSC/CSBs Included in Contractors generated measures At residential areas Interview there are construction 246 Mitigation Responsibilities Parameters Locations Methods Frequency Costs measures Implementation Monitoring near construction reflections from contract works at 16 people reservoirs Monitoring mitigation measures of traffic safety management. Daily or when Included in Sections near PPMU/CSC/ Number of traffic there are Contractors construction Traffic safety residential areas Survey Local Road accidents, causes of reflections from contract accidents people Administration Local budget Slow traffic time affected by construction Monitoring mitigation Daily or when measures: Contractors Included in Solid waste there are Workers’ camps, Observation PPMU/CSC construction management The cleanliness levels of reflections from contract DRAFT the campsite people Wastewater management Daily or when (water for living, Included in Monitoring mitigation Workers’ camps, there are water for Observation Contractors PPMU/CSC construction measures construction site reflections from construction, contract people rainwater overflow) Monitoring mitigation Workers’ Included in Managing labor measures. camps/construction Check Daily Contractors PPMU/CSC construction influx issues Site diary site contract Complaints of people Workers’ camps Survey Daily, Included in Asset relating to construction Residential areas construction Check Weekly Contractors PPMU/CSC contract management activities of workers adjacent to construction sites Interview Quarterly Service interruption 247 Mitigation Responsibilities Parameters Locations Methods Frequency Costs measures Implementation Monitoring (electricity, water). Material mines Measures to manage artifacts and archeology. Measures to manage material mines. Monitoring mitigation measures. Construction site; Health and Number of occupational Included in safety of people accidents at the Residential areas Observe and Daily, Daily, construction construction sites adjacent to Contractors PPMU/CSC contract and construction Interview Monthly construction sites workers Number of delay times in 16 reserivoirs due to accidents or illness Covid-19 pandemic Monitoring mitigation DRAFT measures. Management of Construction site Daily or when Included in Areas for storing, construction construction Survey there are transporting and disposing Workers’ camps Contractors PMU/CSC contract waste, hazardous Interview reflections from of construction waste Disposal site waste people Hazardous waste collection unit Included in Check the implementation Soil erosion Construction site Observe Daily Contractors PMU/CSC construction of mitigation measures contract Daily/Daily or Included in Biological Check the implementation Observe when there is Construction site Contractors PMU/CSC construction impact of mitigation measures Interview feedback from contract people 2. Operation phase 248 Mitigation Responsibilities Parameters Locations Methods Frequency Costs measures Implementation Monitoring Once every 6 Leakage points of dams months and Observe Reservoir operation Number of intensify during Dam problems The whole dams and management State budget overflowed/broken dam Interview and before the units times annual stormy season Every month or when there is Number of landslide feedback from Observe Reservoir operation Landslide in points people, and The whole dams and management State budget flood season Interview intensify during Frequency of landslides units and before annual storm season DRAFT 249 (b) Incident monitoring The purpose of this monitoring is to assess the soil and water pollution levels caused by sudden discharge like discharge of wastewater and oil into nearby water and soil sources and to make timely pollution control decisions to reduce environmental risk. An incident monitoring plan will be developed by the CSC in the initial stage of the subproject implementation and submitted to the PPMU for approval. This plan identifies the potential environmental risks associated with the discharge of waste, like waste oil and wastewater, into nearby water bodies. The plan also identifies resources to monitor the issues such as personnel, equipment, location and monitoring parameters, analytical methods, dedicated laboratories, and cost estimates. 7.8.3 Dam Safety Monitoring Once the water is accumulated and the dams start operating, the dam owners are responsible for monitoring the dam safety. This task is done by qualified independent specialists who are not involved in the investigation, design, construction or operation of the dams. After the dams are in normal operation, the regular inspection stages take place, including safety inspection of the dams before and after annual flood season in accordance with Government Decree No.114/2018/ND-CP on Dam Safety Management. 7.9 Estimated Cost The estimated cost for the CESMP monitoring is given in the table below. The cost for implementing mitigation measures will be included in the construction costs. Table 69. Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation Monitoring and Training No. Items Cost (VND) 1 Cost of analysing samples for environmental monitoring during project DRAFT 338,787,200 construction Total 338,787,200 The community involvement in the ESIA implementation is voluntary for the benefit of the community and people themselves. Therefore, people participating in the CESMP monitoring will not be paid. However, in order to encourage the community participation. The cost of materials and tools should be allocated to the monitoring activities to support selected community members to participate in the monitoring. According to Decision No.80/2005/QD- TTg dated 18/4/2005 by the Prime Minister on the Regulation on Investment Community Supervision and the Joint Circular guiding the implementation of Decision No.80/2005/QD- TTg: "The cost of investment community supervision in the communes/wards is included in the estimated cost of the budget of the Fatherland Front at the commune level and deducted from the commune/district budget and financial support for dissemination, training courses, guidelines, preliminary and final reports. The provincial and district levels will reimburse from the cost estimate of the Front Fatherland at the provincial/district levels, which is deducted from the provincial budget". The table below summaries the funding flow for the environmental quality monitoring and capacity building during the implementation of Hoa Binh subproject. Table 70. Funding for CESMP Monitoring Funding Contents Costs sources (a) Implement mitigation measures during Part of the construction contract WB construction (b) Compliance monitoring by Part of the cost of the CSC (CSC) WB 250 Funding Contents Costs sources (c) PPMU in charge of environmental Part of the cost of the PPMU Counterpart safeguard policies funding (d) Monitoring environmental quality Cost of renting environmental WB monitoring (e) Capacity building program on Training cost WB safeguard policies DRAFT 251 Table 71. Summary of Mitigation Measures Subproject Environmental Mitigation Locations Applied Mitigation costs Implemented by Monitored by phases and social issues measures standards Pre-construction phase Clearing Only clearing the subproject area Compensation Affected PPC, DPCs, vegetation on vegetation on the and site clearance homeowners CPCs temporarily and defined area. cost permanently Utilizing plant acquired land waste as a raw material or fuel Collecting unused plant waste and transporting to a local landfill. Repopulating the vegetation as soon DRAFT as possible to maintain the landscape, microclimate and local habitats. Land acquisition: Compensation, The entire Land Law VND DPCs, CPCs PPMU and local The subproject assistance and subproject area to No.45/2013/QH13, 4,463,585,280 communities implementation resettlement for be affected relevant decrees will permanently people affected by and circulars recover 25,410 m2 damage to land, of land from 20 housing, income, households and property. 15 commune Compensation for people's site clearance will committees. In follow the addition, it updated temporarily affects resettlement plan 28,204 m2 of land of the subproject 252 Subproject Environmental Mitigation Locations Applied Mitigation costs Implemented by Monitored by phases and social issues measures standards managed by the commune people's committees. Risks from mines Ensuring the safe The entire QCVN Demining cost The military unit PPC distance and subproject area to 01:2012/BQP under Military warnings for be affected QCVN Zone II people during the 02:2008/BCT implementation in Circular accordance with No.146/2007/TT- QCV 01: BQP 2012/BQP - National technical regulation on clearance of explosive ordnance and DRAFT QCVN 02: 2008/BCT- National regulation on safety in transporting, preserving, using and destroying industrial explosive materials. Groundwater After drilling for The entire QCVN 09-MT: Cost for setting up FS Consultant PPC contamination due geological subproject area to 2015 FS to geological exploration. The be affected drilling design surveyor will refill drill holes to minimize the effect of 253 Subproject Environmental Mitigation Locations Applied Mitigation costs Implemented by Monitored by phases and social issues measures standards rinsing dirt into the boreholes that affects the quality of underground water. Construction phase The general Environmental All affected Laws, decrees, Included in the Contractor PPMU, CSC, environmental and Codes of Practice subproject areas circulars and construction costs independent social negative (ECOP) include current national monitoring impacts are The works construction technical consultant of the relating to preventing and sites, transport regulations CMPU, construction minimizing routes, material Guiding to the Provincial activities and pollution from mines Environment, Department of specific impacts wastewater, solid Health and Safety Natural waste and of the World Bank Resources and hazardous waste; DRAFT Group Environment, Measures to local mitigate specific communities. impacts Operation phase Risk of drowning Equipping Reservoir area Official Letter Operating costs of Dam owners Department of warning signs and No.5675/BGDDT- the reservoirs Agricultural and dangerous GDTC dated 30 Rural warning systems November 2017 Development on dams and reservoirs. Disseminating risk of drowning to the community along the reservoirs. Domestic waste Limiting activities Reservoir area Decree Operating costs of Dam owners Department of from activities of that generate solid No.38/2015/ND- the reservoirs Agricultural and reservoir operators waste and CP Rural 254 Subproject Environmental Mitigation Locations Applied Mitigation costs Implemented by Monitored by phases and social issues measures standards and visitors wastewater Development No littering Waste must be collected and transported to the local landfill Wastewater must be collected into the settling pit before being discharged into the external environment If the reservoir operator is present. The DRAFT septic tanks should be built Repair and Informing Reservoir area Decree Operating costs of Dam owners Department of maintenance can downstream and downstream No.114/2018/ND- the reservoirs Agricultural and lead to reduction people of the area CP Rural of downstream annual repair and Development water maintenance plan Performing periodic maintenance and repairs during the shortest period of time and at the time of the lowest water demand Implementing measures to maintain water 255 Subproject Environmental Mitigation Locations Applied Mitigation costs Implemented by Monitored by phases and social issues measures standards supply during repair to ensure there is no disruption in water supply Preparing an Reservoir area Decree Operating cost of Dam owners Department of Operating emergency and downstream No.114/2018/ND- the reservoir Agricultural and reservoirs and response plan as area CP Rural discharging flood part of the dam Development in case of big safety report. floods affecting The management downstream and operation units should promptly and accurately announce the DRAFT flood discharge plans so that the communities may take initiative in grasping and responding. In times of insecurity such as the rainy season, people should be regularly arranged to monitor to ensure proper water regulation. Building a safety corridor for flood discharging, on the basis of 256 Subproject Environmental Mitigation Locations Applied Mitigation costs Implemented by Monitored by phases and social issues measures standards impact scenarios; Specific solutions are detailed in the Dam Safety Report and Emergency Preparedness Plan. Disaster risk The management Reservoir area Decree Operating cost of Dam owners Department of causes insecurity units of the and downstream No.114/2018/ND- the reservoir Agricultural and reservoirs area CP Rural regularly to check Development the reservoir safety Properly performing the DRAFT operation procedures to ensure the safety of the reservoir. The management units of the reservoirs work closely with the Commune People's Committee and the local people to promptly report on dam-relating risks so that timely remedial actions are taken. People and local 257 Subproject Environmental Mitigation Locations Applied Mitigation costs Implemented by Monitored by phases and social issues measures standards authorities take initiative in community-based disaster preparedness planning Developing scenarios for predicting the extent of dam breakage effects, options for migration, solutions for evacuation and community DRAFT property in emergency situations, etc. The details are in the Dam Safety Report and subproject Emergency Response Plan. 258 CHAPTER VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DICLOSURE 8.1 Purpose and Method of Consultation In the process of environmental and social impact assessment, the community consultation and environmental information disclosure is required to seek the consensus of local authorities, local NGOs and affected communities in the subproject area. The community participation is one of the basic conditions to ensure the support of local authorities and communities to the subproject and to put forward views and opinions in the report. Through community consultation, undesirable environmental impacts are identified and mitigation measures can be documented and included in the environmental and social impact assessment. In fact, if the community commented early in the project preparation process, the relationship between the community and the project staff became more intimate, so that the community can contribute valuable opinions to the subproject implementation. Purpose of public consultation The consultation with local authorities and affected people in the subproject area at the stage of preparation and implementation of the environmental management plan, environment and social impact assessment reports will provide necessary information to better understand the subproject, its impacts and possible preventive and mitigation measures to the community and the surrounding environment, specifically: - Clarify the issues discussed at the beginning phase of the subproject; - Notify benefits to be gained when the subproject is implemented; DRAFT - Finalize responsibilities and awareness of the stakeholders and beneficiaries in the subproject area during the implementation; - Encourage the community participation in identifying environmental impacts caused by the subproject. - Gather information about needs and responses of local people and local authorities regarding the subproject construction and proposals to mitigate its environmental impacts or to consider adjustments during the technical designing. - The World Bank's policy (OP/BP 4.01) on Environmental Impact Assessment requires that affected groups and local authorities receive notification and consultation during the preparation of the social and environmental impact assessment. The public consultation during the preparation of the ESIA report of Hoa Binh Dam Rehabilittion and Safety Improvement subproject meets the World Bank's safeguard requirements and the requirements of Decree No.40/2019/ND-CP dated 13/05/2019 of the Government and Circular No.25/2019/TT-BTNMT dated 31/12/2019 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental assessment, environment impact assessmentand environmental protection plan. The public consultation provides opportunities for affected people to participate in all project implementation stages. Feedbacks from the consultations will be considered and incorporated into the design of construction measures and mitigation measures of the subproject. The consultation will be conducted during the implementation process as a necessary condition to address arising issues in the subproject implementation such as environmental and social impacts. The public consultation includes the following groups: • Representatives of villages/hamlets which may be affected; 259 • Representatives of affected households, communities living near the construction site which may be affected; • Representatives of People's Committees at all levels; • Representatives of mass organizations, women's unions, farmers’ unions... Principles of public consultation Facilitate the participation of the affected people and local authorities in the subproject area as soon as possible. The public consultation is conducted twice for the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3, as follows: - First time: Soon after the environmental screening is completed and before the TOR for the ESIA report preparation is completed. - Second time: After the first draft of the ESIA report is prepared. Both of these consultations were conducted prior to Covid-19 outbreak, therefore, the Consultant applied a series of methods and techniques in the public consultations and consultations with the affected people in the subproject area, including: - Community meetings; - Household surveys; - Focus group discussions, field monitoring and interviews with key informants: The use of these methods and techniques is intended to increase the reliability and validity of feedbacks from the stakeholders, particularly affected people and ensure that (i) affected people get full information about the subproject; and (ii) all affected people DRAFT are involved in the process of free consultation, prior notification and full information during the preparation and implementation process. If the subproject takes place in the context of the ongoing pandemic of Covid-19, the consultation would be online through applications such as Zoom, Zalo, Skype... The participants to the consultation are representatives of (i) the commune people's committees and mass organizations like women's unions, farmers' unions, commune cadastral officials...; ac well as (ii) staff of the Project Management Unit; and (iii) consultants. The project information would be presented by the consultants via the Powerpoint to let the localities understand the project information and discuss at the meetings about arising problems as well as mitigation measures during the project construction. 8.2 Consultation Process The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3, as required by the World Bank’s policies (OP/BP 4.01) on environmental impact assessment, takes 02 times of public consultations. The Environmental Consultant has worked closely with the PPMU, local authorities and communities in the affected area to conduct public consultation to meet the WB requirements. As identified in the preliminary design report of the subproject, there are 16 reservoirs located at the districts/city: Luong Son, Kim Boi, Tan Lac, Lac Son, Yen Thuy and Hoa Binh city. Prior to the consultation in each commune and residential area. The PPMU organized joint meetings in the province and districts to introduce and collect comments from the DARD, DOC, DONRE, DPI,... and the specialized departments of Luong Son, Kim Boi, Tan Lac, Lac Son, Yen Thuy and Hoa Binh city for the subproject. At the consultation meeting in each commune, the Consultant introduced an overview of the subproject, identified residential areas/groups in the subproject area, collected information on 260 local environmental sanitation, discussed potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures, developed and coordinated with the local authorities in the consultation in the subproject areas. At the same time, the Consultant dispatched requesting for the consultation with the concerned agencies. The effective participatory plan of the consultation process was developed and engaged all the affected people and stakeholders, which is an important part of the subproject. This process identified beneficiary and affected people. The Consultant applied professional works and directly participated at site to collect information about community feedback on the proposed subproject components during the implementation and monitoring. In this period, the public consultation meetings were held in Doan Ket commune, Lac Thinh commune, Yen Lac commune (Hang Tram town12), Yen Nghiep commune, Yen Phu commune, Yen Quang commune (Quang Tien13), Mong Hoa and Dan Ha (Ky Son ward14), Cu Yen commune, Thanh Luong commune (Thanh Cao15), Thong Nhat, Bac Son (Hung Son16), Tu Ne, Tan Lap, Van Nghia with the participation of the following stakeholders: - Representatives of local authorities from 15 communes/towns in the subproject area; - Departments and unions: fatherland fronts, women's unions, youth’s unions, farmer's unions... - Representatives of households in the subproject area, including those whose land is possibly acquired and beneficiaries. The contents which were consulted and exchanged: (i) Introduction about the subproject items and components; (ii) Review of local socio-economic status; (iii) Current status of technical and social infrastructure in residential areas: DRAFT electricity, roads, schools, health stations; irrigation canal system,... (iv) Screening/evaluating potential impacts which likely occur in the subproject preparation, construction and operation phases which may affect the environment, society, culture of local people; (v) Public consultation on mitigation measures. The direct consultation process held at the community houses and commune/town people's committee headquarters on 19-27/12/2018. The dumping sites were updated in October 2019 and the socio-economic data was updated till December 2020. The letters issued by Hoa Binh PPMU regarding the public consultation for the preparation of the social and environmental impact assessment report were sent to the local authorities. In addition, in the process of completion of the subproject’s the social and environmental impact assessment report (ESIA), the PPMU sent letters to the CPCs to consult with the local authorities, the fatherland front, mass organizations and local communities on the content of the ESIA. 12 Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province. 13 Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province. 14 Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province. 15 Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province. 16 Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province. 261 8.2.1 Summary of Consultation with Commune/Town Level and Mass Organizations In compliance with the WB's Environmental Safeguard Policy, the Government’s Law on Environmental Protection in 2014 and Circular No.27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29 May 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, the representatives of Hoa Binh PPMU sent Letter No.958/BQL-ĐHDA2 dated February 18, 2018 to the people's committees of 15 communes in the subproject area (Doan Ket, Lac Thinh, Yen Lac (now Hang Tram town), Yen Nghiep, Yen Phu, Yen Quang (now Quang Tien commune), Mong Hoa, Dan Ha (now Ky Son ward), Cu Yen, Thanh Luong (now Thanh Cao), Thong Nhat, Bac Son (now Hung Son), Tu Ne, Tan Lap, Van Nghia) about the public consultation during the preparation and appraisal of the subproject's social and environmental impact assessment report. The direct consultation meetings were conducted from 19-27/12/2018 with the participation of 20- 30 people and local authorities in each meeting. Participating in the consultations were representatives of local authorities and mass organizations (farmers' unions, women's unions, fatherland fronts, youth’s unions), PPMU and environmental and technical consultants. The main consultation contents cover the subproject introduction such as objectives, locations, scale and plan of subproject implementation, technical design plans, and policies relating to environmental protection, compensation, assistance and land acquisition/resettlement of the Government of Vietnam, the World Bank and the subproject. Hoa Binh PPMU with the support of the Environmental, Resettlement Consultant consulted on the environment mitigation measures and the compensation and resettlement policies with the stakeholders, including the leaders and officers of the commune/town people's committees, leaders of the population groups and local people in the affected area. After the site survey and consultancy, the Consultant Team organized meeting with local DRAFT authorities to report all survey results. At the same time, the Consultant’s experts collected relevant information, advantages and disadvantages, lessons learned and proposed measures for the resettlement plan and set up monitoring indicators and continued implementation at the next stage. The follow-up consultation was conducted during the completion of the subproject’s Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report. The PPMU sent letters to the People's Committees of the communes/towns to ask for opinions of local authorities, mass organizations and local communities on the CESMP content. The report includes the designs of the works, the construction items, the scale, possible social and environmental impacts as well as mitigation measures during the preparation, construction and operation phases of 16 reservoir areas. After reading the CESMP report, the representatives of local governments sent written response to the PPMU, highlighting the opinions of the local authorities, unions and community about the impacts and measures relating to the environment and society. 8.2.2 Summary of Consultations with Community Directly Affected by the Subproject After working with the people's committees and the mass organizations at the commune/town level relating to the public consultation, the People's Committees co-ordinated to convene community-based consultation meetings for the people who are directly affected by the subproject. The participants in the meetings were as follows: + Representatives of local authorities + Representatives of local fatherland fronts. + Representatives of communities, households affected by the subproject + Representatives of the Subproject Owner or consultancy agencies. 262 The public consultation meetings were conducted in the following order: the Subproject Owner read the contents of the letters which were sent; present brief description of the subproject and its environmental and social impacts, including activities and proposed mitigation measures during implementation; then the participants discussed and responded to questions and comments from representatives of local authorities and local communities on the issues relating to the subproject; the community is consulted and actively participates in discussions about the need for development as well as the sense and responsibility for the subproject objectives. They are advised on negative impacts and measures to mitigate negative impacts and improve benefits; also, local authorities and riverside residents are advised on the agreement and commitment to the implementation of the resettlement policy. In addition to the consultation meetings, the Consultant undertook field surveys and exchanged directly with people living around the reservoirs to collect information and consult their comments on the issues relating to environmental and social aspects during the subproject implementation. 8.3 Consultation Results 8.3.1 Opinions of Ward/Commune People's Committees and Local Mass Organizations a. Consultation and introduction about the subproject and its impacts on natural and socio- economic environment, and proposed mitigation measures during the subproject implementation. The outcomes of the consultation meetings are summarized below (the details are presented in the consultation minutes in the appendix): - The local authorities and the mass unions strongly support the subproject implementation and wish it to be implemented soon. In all 15 communes, the authorities DRAFT remind paying attention to the loading of vehicles and construction machines when they are transported through inter-village roads to the works; and requesting the construction units to use small trucks to avoid affecting the quality of local infrastructure and to commit to return the initial status of infrastructure after their completion of the construction of the subproject. - All communes requested the construction companies to set up and announce the construction plans, signage, safety belts and lighting in the worksites to ensure traffic safety in the region. - The local authorities desire that the contractors should pay attention to the time of the harvest crops to minimize losses to farmers. - The local authorities and the mass organizations request the contractors to inform the construction plan and construction progress in order that affected people will be informed to arrange trees and livestock accordingly. - The contractors minimize any delays in construction progress to avoid direct impacts on household income and daily living. - Minimize dust and noise when transporting materials collected from the construction sites. - The Subproject Owner must assign staff at the construction sites to closely manage the construction contractors’ activities and ensure contact points to help people contact in an emergency. Table 72. Summary of consultation activities implemented 263 EM Female No. Communes Locations Subjects Participants participants participants 1 Commune Representatives Mong Hoa People of CPC, mass commune, Committee organizations, Ky Son headquarter affected 33 2 12 district (now households, is Hoa Binh benefited city17). households Yen Quang Commune Representatives commune, People of CPC, mass Ky Son Committee organizations, district headquarter affected 2 19 0 10 (Quang Tien households, commune, benefited Hoa Binh households city18) 3 Commune Representatives People of CPC, mass Yen Phu Committee organizations, commune, headquarter affected 21 1 9 Lac Son households, district benefited households 4 Commune Representatives People of CPC, mass Thong Nhat Committee organizations, DRAFT commune, headquarter affected 14 0 6 Hoa Binh city households, benefited households 5 Commune Representatives People of CPC, mass Yen Phu Committee organizations, commune, headquarter affected 27 0 5 Lac Son households, district benefited households 6 Commune Representatives People of CPC, mass Doan Ket Committee organizations, commune, headquarter affected 25 4 19 Yen Thuy households, district benefited households 7 Cu Yen Commune Representatives commune, People of CPC, mass 36 0 15 Luong Son Committee organizations, district headquarter affected 17 Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province 18 Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province 264 EM Female No. Communes Locations Subjects Participants participants participants households, benefited households 8 Commune Representatives People of CPC, mass Lac Thinh Committee organizations, commune, headquarter affected 30 0 11 Yen Thuy households, district benefited households 9 Commune Representatives Yen Lac People of CPC, mass commune Committee organizations, (Hang Tram headquarter affected 26 0 6 town19), Yen households, Thuy district benefited households 10 Commune Representatives Thanh Luong People of CPC, mass commune Committee organizations, (Thanh Cao headquarter affected 22 0 9 commune20), households, Luong Son benefited district households 11 Commune Representatives DRAFT People of CPC, mass Yen Nghiep Committee organizations, commune, headquarter affected 22 0 9 Lac Son households, district benefited households 12 Commune Representatives People of CPC, mass Tu Ne Committee organizations, commune, headquarter affected 22 0 9 Tan Lac households, district benefited households 13 Commune Representatives People of CPC, mass Van Nghia Committee organizations, commune, headquarter affected 22 0 9 Lac Son households, district benefited households 14 Tan Lap Commune Representatives 22 0 9 commune, People of CPC, mass 19 Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province 20 Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province. 265 EM Female No. Communes Locations Subjects Participants participants participants Lac Son Committee organizations, district headquarter affected households, benefited households 15 Commune Representatives Bac Son People of CPC, mass commune Committee organizations, (Hung Son headquarter affected 22 0 9 commune21), households, Kim Boi benefited district households b. Local consultations via dispatches The PPMU sent official letters to the commune people's committees in the subproject areas, attached to the Environment and Social Impact Assessment Report. The report clarifies what impacts might happen during the subproject construction to the community and the natural conditions in the subproject area. The feedback from local authorities has been sent, with the majority agreeing on the content of the report on existing social and environmental impacts, which may arise during the subproject implementation, from the preparation. The construction to the operational phases as well as the solutions and measures to minimize environmental and social impacts. 8.3.2 Opinions of Communities DRAFT At the public consultation meetings, the representatives of the Subproject Owner read the contents of the dispatches/letters, briefly introduced the subproject and its environmental impacts, subproject activities, forecasted impacts and proposed mitigation measures, then listened to opinions of the farmers. The households who are directly affected, discussed and responded to the comments, suggestions as well as questions of the community participating in the meetings about the relating issues. The results of the public consultation meetings in the subproject area show that people actively participated in the expression of ideas and suggestions relating to the implementation of the subproject items of works, its environmental and social issues which may happen, and feasible mitigation measures which should be applied. The results of the public consultation meetings in communes/towns in the subproject area are summarized below. - Local people desired to participate in the construction scheduling because all construction items are relating to their irrigation water. Therefore, during the construction, the contractors should pay attention to the crop seasons, harvest times to minimize losses of farmers. - Affected people want to receive full information on compensation and support policies in order that they know the compensation options and have the opportunity to choose. - The community strongly supports the subproject and expects it to be implemented soon. People commented that the loading of vehicles and machinery used in the construction should be minded because people have just concreted this only new road to the dam. 21 Resolution No.830/NQ-UBTVQH14 dated December 17, 2019 of the National Assembly Standing Committee on the arrangement of district and commune administrative units in Hoa Binh province. 266 - The construction companies should set up and announce construction plans, signage, lighting at the construction sites, store material to ensure traffic safety. Most of the roads to the dam are the only local roads of each area. Therefore, the contractors are required to regularly inspect the traffic safety, especially the time of students going to schools. - Local residents want the contractors to announce the construction plan before 6 months in order that they can arrange crops and livestock suitably. - People in Khang village, Doan Ket commune stated that the design unit should pay attention about the spillway elevation as it relates to the area of agricultural cultivation of the people upstream of the reservoirs. In addition, the leakage of the dam foot is also relating to the efficiency of cultivation of agricultural land just downstream of the dams. - The PPMU and the contractors should regularly update information on the local construction progress for people in order to arrange their work and daily life to minimize inconvenience during the construction. An appropriate method of construction in section by section should be introduced to avoid rampant construction on the entire sites to reduce influence radius. - Provide the Community Supervision Boards with the training programs to help them accurately understand their functions and tasks. At the same time, it is of necessity give them funding to maintain and support the members of the Community Monitoring Boards in carrying out their tasks. - Provide necessary support to households doing business, persons directly or indirectly affected by the construction process. - Minimize any delays in construction progress to avoid direct impacts on household income and daily living. DRAFT - Minimize dust and noise when transporting materials collected from the construction sites, especially speed and load when traveling in village roads. - The Subproject Owner must assign representatives at the construction sites to closely manage the activities of the construction contractors and ensure the contact points in order that people can contact them in case of emergency. - The people in the area of Rung Vau reservoir in Ngoc My commune, Khuan reservoir in Hai Luu commune asked the construction unit to regularly clean the site because this the only way to go to the reservoir and the cemetery... The summary of the comments and opinions hereafter is based on the minutes of the local public consultation meetings that took place on the same days with the local government consultation meeting. These are what people are most concerned about when the subproject implements. 8.4 Commitment of the Subproject Owner After two times of consultations, Hoa Binh PPMU and Environment Consultant incorporated the opinions of the people's committees, the mass organizations, and the local communities in the CESMP report, clarifying: - Regarding the environmental sanitation and public health, the PPMU and the construction companies shall fully comply the mitigation measures stated in the Environment and Social Impact Assessment Report. At the same time, the subproject representatives will collaborate with the local authorities to publicize the activities, impacts and mitigation measures of the subproject for people to know. 267 - Adjustments in accordance with the contract terms and payment for the contractors that fail to comply with the CESMP commitment to environment and social protection will be fully implemented. - Relating to the compensation and resettlement and social impacts, the PPMU committed to cooperate with the relevant authorities and agencies at all levels to comply with the laws of Vietnam and the World Bank’s policies during the subproject implementation. The PPMU, the community and the local authorities regularly supervise the implementation and disclosure of information on the mitigation measures implemented by the construction companies. - Regarding the traffic safety, aiming at minimizing impact of traffic congestion, loss of traffic safety, damage to community facilities caused by the construction and transportation of raw materials, the contractors committed to apply mitigation measures in accordance with the CESMP content, which was established. - During the construction, the means of material transport that serve construction must comply with the prescribed loads and speeds on each haulage road. Material must be covered during transportation. - The PPMU requests all contractors to take suitable construction solutions so as not to affect the water supply for agriculture and living of the downstream area of the reservoirs. - Coordinate meticulously with local authorities of the communes in the subproject area during the construction to solve problems arising and ensure regional security. - Regarding the construction progress, the construction items are conformed to the construction schedule, which was established. DRAFT - The PPMU requests the Design Consultant to make sure the convenience of the people in accessing the community facilities. - The PPMU and the construction companies will restore the environment after construction, committing to dredge, clear the water flows and restore the environment of the ditches, canals around the dam construction sites, drainage culverts, management roads and embankments. - The PPMU will direct and supervise the construction contractors to implement all measures to mitigate adverse impacts on the environment and the society as committed. 8.5 Dissemination of Information The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province – Subproject 3 complies with the World Bank's Information Access Policy and the Government’s regulations. Specifically, the subproject information is widely available on the mass media as follows: a) The draft of the social environmental impact assessment report and the final resettlement action plan was sent to affected people and local NGOs for review and comment before conducting public consultation meetings. b) It is expected that in September 2021. The final report on environmental and social impact assessment in Vietnamese language will be published on the project website and at the headquarters of the People's Committees of the communes. The project provides easy access to affected people and local NGOs, and on the World Bank website in English. 268 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Conclusions The Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 is implemented in 15 communes in 06 districts/cities of Hoa Binh province (Tan Lac, Lac Son, Yen Thuy, Kim Boi, Luong Son and Hoa Binh city). It is suitable for the irrigation planning, securing the safety for downstream people of the reservoirs, and leveraging the socio-economic development. At the same time, it helps strengthen the national, provincial and local capacity for disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation. After the subproject goes into operation, it will ensure the safety and the water storage and flood prevention for the downstream areas. In addition, addressing leaking sewers will strengthen the sufficient supply of water for the agricultural and domestic production as designed. Ensuring the water supply for agricultural production will creates opportunities to increase crops, expand rice growing areas, and increase the demand for local agricultural laborers, in line with women's capacity. On the other hand, when agriculture grows, it also creates more opportunities for the development of other industries like processing agricultural products. The subproject is classified as Category B in accordance with the WB’s Environment Safeguard Policy. The subproject is not located in any environmentally sensitive areas and do not fall into the exclusion list of the WB. The report has adequately identified and assessed potential impacts in all three phases of preparation, construction and operation of the subproject. At the same time, it has set out the DRAFT mitigation measures through the consultations with local authorities and locally-affected people including the vulnerable groups. The specific environmental and social impacts are as follows: - Potential impacts during the preparation phase: The subproject implementation will affect 53,641 m2 of agricultural land, production forest land, traffic and irrigation land. Among 51 AHs, there are 20 AHs permanently affected due to the land acquisition and 31 AHs temporarily affected during the construction phase. - Main potential impacts during construction phase: The upgrading of the subproject items including the repair and construction of culverts; construction and upgrading of dam upstream and downstream slopes; repair and construction of spillways; repair and construction of management roads; and construction operation houses likely cause certain negative environmental - social impacts as follows: + Air pollution: Dust and emissions from construction activities, earthworks and vehicles transporting materials will affect the air quality in the areas. However, these impacts do not last long and reduce after the construction ends. + Noise and vibration: Noise and vibration come from construction vehicles and machinery. However, because noise spreads in the air and decreases gradually by distance and the subproject area is far from residential areas, the impact on residential areas is negligible. + Water pollution: Wastewater is mainly generated from construction activities and daily life of workers. If wastewater is not treated, it will increase the risk of water source pollution. + The subproject’s negative environmental and social impacts are unavoidable 269 but the Subproject Owner will coordinate with the local authorities to minimize them and request the contractors to apply mitigation measures to minimize negative impacts and comply with the environmental and social management plan set out in Chapter 7. The implementation of the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project (WB8) – Hoa Binh Province - Subproject 3 may cause negative impacts during the construction phase. However, as the scale of construction works is small. The impacts are in short term and within small and negligible scope. Therefore, feasible mitigation measures are introduced and appropriate to the natural and socio-economic conditions and local management and construction conditions. The Environmental Social Management and Monitoring Plan was established to monitor impacts to keep the subproject management level and the local authorities are regularly updated on the implementation of the construction items of the subproject. The monitoring system prepared by PPMU approved by the WB will be applied during the subproject implementation. The CSC will regularly monitor and make monthly reports to submit to the PPMU, and this report will be separate from the contractors’ environment compliance reports and submitted to the CPMU. 2. Recommendations Based on the findings of the environmental impact assessment and the Environment Social Management Plan set out in this document, it is recommended that: - The mitigation measures mentioned in the Environment and Social Management Plan will be integrated in Bidding Documents. The contractors will do breakdown of the workload and submit the total cost for the implementation of the mitigation measures. The cost is considered as the implementation cost of the Environment DRAFT Safeguard Policy and will be paid when the agreed mitigation measures have been effectively implemented by contractors. - The people’s committees of 15 communes under the subproject cooperate with the subproject owner in implementing the communication program, information dissemination, subproject implementation plan to get support of local people. At the same time, to raise awareness of the community on environmental and social issues, and to fully implement the measures to minimize negative environmental and social impacts identified in this ESIA report and propose appropriate institutions and policies to promote and develop the economy after the subproject is put into operation. - Based on the Environment and Social Impact Assessment Report, the PPMU recommends the competent authorities and the World Bank to review and approve the Environment and Social Impact Assessment of Hoa Binh subproject to make a basis for implementing the next steps to ensure the subproject progress. 270 REFERENCES I. Vietnamese Feasibility Study (FS) of the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project - Hoa Binh province, 07/2020. Resettlement Action Plan, Social Impact Assessment Report of the Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project - Hoa Binh province, December 2018 and updated in 12/2020. Reports on the socio-economic situation in 15 communes in 2018, updated in 2020. Reports on the socio-economic situation in 2017 of the districts. The portal of Hoa Binh province. Hoa Binh Statistical Yearbook, 2020. Report on the environment status of Hoa Binh province, period 2015 – 2020. Biodiversity Report - Hoa Binh province, 2012. Pham Ngoc Dang, air pollution in urban and industrial zones, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, 1997. Map of current status and land use planning of the project area. Planning for exploitation of common minerals (filling soil) for the projects in Hoa Binh province, 2016. Project of Social and Environment Management Framework (DRSIP, 2015). IFC, 2010, General Guidelines on Environment Health – Safety (EHS). DRAFT Dam Safety Report of Subproject 3 in 2020. II. English Environmental Assessment Guidelines, Asian Development Bank, 2003. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C, 1991. P.A. Economopolous, Assessment of Sources of Water, Solid, Air and Land Pollution Sources, WHO, Geneva, 1993. Wrap Fugitive Dust Handbook, Countess Environmental 4001 Whitesail Circle, September 7, 2006. 271