ERITREA GENDER LANDSCAPE Color Key This briefing showcases the gender landscape in Eritrea on key indicators Improvement helpful for monitoring gender equality and designing effective policy Deterioration interventions. Gender equality fosters productivity gains, minimizes losses No Change in wealth, reduces poverty, boosts shared prosperity, and supports green, resilient, and inclusive development. Click the indicators below to explore the World Bank Gender Data Portal. Latest* Comparison Year Value SSA LIC World Progress in ending all forms of gender-based violence Proportion of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of ever NA NA 20.3 22.5 NA partnered women ages 15-49) Women who were first married by 18 (% of women 20-24) NA NA NA NA NA Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women 15-19) 2022 63.6 98.7 94.0 41.9 Stronger and more resilient human capital Learning poverty: Share of children at the end-of-primary age below minimum reading proficiency Female NA NA 85.9 92.2 50.0 (%) Male NA NA 86.8 91.5 53.7 Female 2019 47.7 43.3 38.2 77.0 Lower secondary completion rate (% of relevant group) Male 2019 46.9 46.4 42.9 76.3 Female share of graduates from STEM programs, tertiary (%) 2016 27.8 NA NA NA Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate per 100,000 live births) 2020 322 536 409 223 Contraceptive prevalence, any modern method (% of married women 15-49) NA NA 28.6 30.6 55.7 Female NA NA NA NA NA Fraction of children under 5 not stunted Male NA NA NA NA NA Mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease between Female 2019 24.3 20.1 21.6 14.8 ages 30 and 70 (%) Male 2019 29.5 22.8 25.3 21.8 More and better jobs, including jobs of the future Female 2023 71.4 60.7 55.2 48.7 Labor force participation rate (% 15+) Male 2023 85.6 72.8 74.3 73.1 Female 2022 19.8 17.9 13.4 53.1 Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) Male 2022 34.9 25.9 23.1 51.3 Female 2022 69.6 51.6 62.2 25.6 Employment in agriculture (% of employment) Male 2022 59.2 51.8 56.2 26.9 Female NA NA NA NA NA Share of youth not in education, employment or training (% of youth population) Male NA NA NA NA NA Female 2023 11.3 11.0 12.9 15.4 Youth unemployment (% of labor force 15-24) Male 2023 8.87 9.51 10.6 13.4 Greater ownership and use of economic assets Women who do not own land (% of women 15-49) NA NA NA NA NA Men who do not own land (% of men) NA NA NA NA NA Female NA NA 33.8 20.3 71.9 Financial institution account (% 15+) Male NA NA 45.9 27.8 76.0 Wider access to and use of enabling services Female NA NA 28.4 17.5 61.6 Individuals using the Internet Male NA NA 38.9 30.0 67.2 Female NA NA 14.1 9.05 31.8 Used a mobile phone or the internet to pay bills (% 15+) Male NA NA 19.4 13.1 37.0 Advances in women’s participation in decision-making Female share of employment in senior and middle management (%) NA NA NA NA NA Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) NA NA 29.9 25.1 33.8 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2019 22.0 27.0 24.4 26.7 Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 2022 25.0 23.9 22.9 22.8 * Latest value shows the latest available value from 2012 onwards. Color coding of the latest country value represents a more than 10 percent change upward or downward from the country’s baseline value from either 2010 or 2011. No coloring applied whenever there is no data for 2010 or 2011. Notes: (1) Eritrea is part of the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region and a low income country (LIC) as classified by The World Bank Group. Peer Comparison shows how Eritrea performs relative to its peers in the region, income group, and the world. (2) Data and definitions can be found on the Gender Data Portal. Data is as of October 13, 2024. ERITREA GENDER LANDSCAPE A closer look at digital Turning human capital investments into economic gains means addressing barriers to women‘s economic empowerment, including access to digital and financial and financial services. Financial inclusion for women has many benefits, including more inclusion in Eritrea influence over their household’s spending priorities, and more resilience to weather unexpected expenses. Similarly, closing the gender digital divide can facilitate greater and more equal economic participation. Despite progress, gender gaps persist in both domains. DIGITAL FINANCIAL LEGAL ENVIRONMENT ACCESS TO CAPITAL WBL Entrepreneurship Score 72 75 In Eritrea, A measure of legal barriers to women percent of firms starting businesses, with a female top with scores below 100 manager perceive 100 indicating restrictions on access to finance access to credit, as a constraint. contracts, banking, or business registration. LEARN MORE GENDER FINANCIAL INCLUSION DIGITAL INCLUSION - World Bank Gender Strategy - The Global Findex Database - Using Digital Solutions to Address 2024-2030 - Women Entrepreneurs Finance Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship - World Bank Gender Data Portal Initiative (We-Fi) - Digital Progress and Trends Report Sources: All charts show the latest value available as of September 2024 Digital: Gallup World Poll 2024. Financial: Global Findex Database. Legal Environment: Women, Business and the Law (2024) Legal 1.0. Access to Capital: (1) Global Findex Database. (2) World Bank Enterprise Survey Database, if available.