Emergency Social Protection Enhancement and COVID-19 Response Project – ESPECRP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMP Construction and Rehabilitation of Water Harvesting Reservoirs Sub-projects ESMP-10-PWP-ESPCRP Twelve Sub-projects (February 18, 2022) Table of Contents 1. Introduction: ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Project Description: ............................................................................................................................ 4 2-1 Scope of Work:.................................................................................................................................. 5 2-2 Location: ........................................................................................................................................... 9 2-3 Land Acquisition:............................................................................................................................. 16 2-4 Resources and Services' access restriction ..................................................................................... 16 2-5 COVID-19 Sensitivity ....................................................................................................................... 16 2-6 Gender and Social -related issues:.................................................................................................. 17 2.6.1 .................................................................................................................................................. 17 Child Labor: ....................................................................................................................................... 17 2.6.2 Gender: .................................................................................................................................... 17 2.6.3 Gender-Based Violence "GBV", and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse "SEA": ............................ 18 2.6.4 Conflict sensitivity and Do No Harm ........................................................................................ 18 3. Environmental and Social Baseline conditions: ................................................................................ 18 3.1 Rainfall, Climate, and Weather: ...................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Air Quality and Noise: ..................................................................................................................... 25 3.3 Existing Situation Related to Water Availability of the Targeted Areas: ........................................ 25 3.4 Targeted Beneficiaries: ................................................................................................................ 30 1. Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment: ............................................................................... 30 4.1 Applicability:.................................................................................................................................... 30 4.2 Eligibility (Responsive Criteria): ...................................................................................................... 30 4.3 Environmental and Social Screening: .............................................................................................. 30 2. Environmental and Social Impact Analysis Plan and Mitigation Measures: ..................................... 33 5.1 Environmental and Social Plan:....................................................................................................... 33 5.2 Occupational and Health Safety Plan:............................................................................................. 41 3. Environmental, Social, and OHS Clauses and Liabilities for Contractors: ......................................... 48 6.1 Conditions for the Eligible Contractors: .......................................................................................... 48 6.2 Environmental and Social Clauses for Contractors: ........................................................................ 48 6.3 Environmental and Social Liabilities for Contractors ...................................................................... 52 4. Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan: ..................................................................................... 53 5. Stakeholders Engagement Plan and Public Consultation: ................................................................ 56 8.1 Topics of the Consultations:............................................................................................................ 56 8.2 Public Consultation Findings and Feedback .................................................................................... 57 8.3 Sustainability of Subproject and Community Ownership ............................................................... 58 8.4 Stakeholders Engagement Plan: .................................................................................................... 58 6. Grievance Mechanism ...................................................................................................................... 62 Annex 1 – Environmental and Social Checklist ..................................................................................... 64 Annex 2 – PWP Environmental and Social Responsiveness (ESR) Criteria at Proposal Stage .............. 75 Note: To be selected and filled according to project type based on PWP baseline study ................... 75 Annex 3 - PWP Checklist of Expected Environmental and Social Impacts to be Addressed at the Design Stage .......................................................................................................................................... 76 Annex 4. – Public Consultation Reports (Social agreements & consultation attendance sheets) – Arabic .................................................................................................................................................... 77 Annex 5 – PWP Complain Handling Mechanism................................................................................... 90 1. Introduction: Name of the Subproject: Construction of Nine Water Harvesting Reservoirs and Rehabilitation of Three Existing Water Harvesting Reservoirs Sub-projects Subprojects ID: 05-6-1445, 05-6-14453, 09-6-14376, 09-6-14443, 14-6-14423, 18-6-12511, 18-6-14459, 21-6-14387, 22-6-12571, 22-6-12583, 22-6-14316, and 22-6- 14317 Subprojects Locations Ibb, Dhamar, Sa’dah, Al Ghaydah, Raimah, and Socotra Sector and Type of Subproject: Water Implementing of the Subproject: PWP Estimated Cost of Subprojects: 694,000 $ Field Visit (Yes/No; Include Date): Yes- January to June 2021 Was Consultation Carried out? Yes- Refer to Public Consultation Section (Yes/No): Proposed Class of Subproject (Low to Moderate High): 2. Project Description: The subprojects are to implement three spring water harvesting reservoirs, six rainwater harvesting reservoirs, and three subprojects to rehabilitate existing reservoirs (called Karifs) in which the total capacity will be 48,096 m3 of water. The proposed rainwater harvesting reservoirs will be provided with small sedimentation ponds and sand filters to clean the water from sedimentation and biological pollution. The collected water will be transported to the distribution points near beneficiaries’ houses to ease the fetching of water. The subprojects will enhance livelihoods means and highly improve the hygienic conditions in the targeted areas which will help to control infections of COVID-19 and enhance community protection. The subprojects will be implemented through contracting modality, with an implementation period of 3-4 months. Contractors will hire the workforce from the targeted areas. Given the fact that some parts of the activities like stone-cutting and constructing reservoir walls require skilled labor, thus these tasks will be undertaken by appropriately skilled workers from the targeted areas and when not available, the contractors will hire skilled laborers from nearby areas. Therefore, the subprojects will provide opportunities for targeted beneficiaries during the implementation which will also contribute to reduce the economic effects due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The contractor will be responsible to protect the workers and communities during implementation and apply the ES mitigation measures and provide the required training, tools, and necessary PPEs for workers. 2-1 Scope of Work: The subprojects will include the construction of three spring water harvesting reservoirs, six rainwater harvesting reservoirs, and three subprojects to rehabilitate existing water harvesting reservoirs (called Karifs). The construction of rainwater harvesting sub-projects will include construction of reservoir body, sand filter, small sedimentation ponds, directive channels, distribution points with 6 taps, small pond for animal drinking,1 installing the pipes and valve chambers. The directive channel will include two walls with around 0.5 m height and the width between the walls is around 1 m, and it will be built from the stones and cement mortar. It will catch up the water from the clear catchment area behind the reservoir and direct it to the reservoir sedimentation ponds. The construction of spring water harvesting2 sub-projects will include construction of reservoir body, installing the pipes, building distribution points with 6 taps and valve chambers. The rehabilitation of existing water harvesting reservoirs (Karifs) sub-projects will include the extension of existing volume capacity and rehabilitating the Karif walls, ground, and the entrance and outlet. The main activities for the mentioned subprojects will be and not limited to the following: - Excavation work in different type of soils including rocky, semi rocky, clay, and sandy soil (The excavation depth varies between 2m to 6m based on the walls, ground foundation designs, reservoirs volume, and the land nature). - Backfilling under reservoirs ground and foundations with small stones. - Compaction and leveling of the reservoirs ground. - Cutting and transferring of stones from quarries3. The quarries are from the same area and belong to the benefited communities of the project. Before the implementation, 1 The animal pond is next to the water distribution points which is far away of the reservoir. The purpose of the animal ponds to collect the leaked water from the distribution points and utilize it for animals drinking.In high evaporation areas, the reservoirs cover by concrete slab roof or steel roof. 2 The reservoirs will not cause any diversion of water to other locations because they will collect the water from small catchment areas, usually, small mountain. In addition, the reservoirs have outlets that guide the water overflow to the old direction before the reservoir got full. Otherwise, the locations of the reservoirs selected very well in coordination with the local communities and they will serve all communities in those areas. 3 In Yemen is very common that each area has quarries that the communities utilize them for building their homes and for other purposes. So always the benefited communities suggest a quarry from the same area that belongs for them. Prior to intimate the implementation, PWP always ensures the quarry will not lead to any fights or conflict, is safe, and is not an ecologically sensitive zone. If quarries are on private land, A permission from the owner shall be taken to extract stones from. PWP always ensures the quarry will not lead to any fights/conflicts, is safe, and is not an ecologically sensitive zone. - Supply construction materials. - Building the walls' foundations by using stones and cement motor. - Building the walls by using shaped stones with cement motor. - Mixing and pouring concrete for the ground with light steel reinforcement. - Plastering works for the walls and roofs. - Mixing and pouring concrete for the beams with steel reinforcement. - Mixing and pouring concrete with steel reinforcement for the reservoirs' roof. - Installation of Zank roof (in some reservoirs). - Installation of plumbing pipes and first flush system. - Construction of valve rooms. - Installing the steel and aluminum ladders in the reservoirs. - Installing protection steel fence in the edge of reservoirs. Installation of the Gabion boxes/baskets for karif walls. it will not require excavation and will be laying on the ground beside the roads.The length depends on the distance from the reservoir location to the village. Normally not far away. - Backfilling behind the walls. - Stone paving for the entrances and outlet of the Karif. - Cleaning the catchment area. - Collecting and transporting construction residues to areas appointed by local authorities.4 - Planting the trees5 in the sub-projects locations. The following table shows names of subprojects and the reservoirs capacity and water quantities: No Subproject Subproject Name Governor Sub-projects Average ID ate Reservoir/ Estimated estimated Karif Cost cost for US$ ESMP capacity (m3) Implement ation US$6 4 construction residues will be collected and transported and disposed to the authorized location in coordination with the local authorities. 5 Tree planting is included as a priced item in the Bills of Quantities priced by the contractor for every subproject, as positive Environmental improvement measure. Contractor will deliver the plants from local Nurseries trees, and numbers of trees/saplings will differ from one location to another as per the site engineer recommendations, as described in the BOQs of each subproject. Location of tree planting will be in suggested locations by Project engineers. The plants should be suitable to help in the water retention in soil and the plant species that do not require lot of water for their existence. 6 The estimated costs of ESMPs implementation will differ from sub-project to another but the expected average is 7000$. 1 05-6-14451 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Alribat Ibb 40,000 7,000 – Momsi Alribat – Aldakhal - Dhai Assefal 200 2 05-6-14453 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Ibb 200 7,000 Almanial and Alakilah – Momsi Almanial and 50,000 Momsi Allafagin - Dhai Assefal 3 09-6-14376 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 800 m3 Dhamar 800 7,000 capacity – Alzaih - Bani Suwayd area – 80,000 Aotma 4 09-6-14443 Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Jashm- Dhamar 1109 115,000 7,000 Doran Anais 5 14-6-14423 Rehabilitation of Karif Al-Hajra-Baqim Sa’dah 20,000 7,000 80,000 6 18-6-12511 Rehabilitation of Karif Alsheikh Algohari - Al- Ghaydah 3,000 35,000 7,000 Ghaydah 7 18-6-14459 Expansion of Karif Alzwaidi - Al-Ghaydah Ghaydah 21,900 35,000 7,000 8 21-6-14387 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Aljubail Raimah 252 91,000 7,000 - east of Houri – Aljobain 9 22-6-12571 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 85 m3 Socotra 85 7,000 capacity – Abtari – Moghabhar -Nujd - 34,000 Hadibu 10 22-6-12583 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 150 m3 Socotra 150 7,000 capacity – Tara'a - Qulansiyah and 39,000 Abdulkoury 11 22-6-14316 Rainwater harvesting reservoir – Shezab - Socotra 200 50,000 7,000 Hadibu 12 22-6-14317 Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Hasalinah – Socotra 200 45,000 7,000 Darkbo - Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury Total 48,096 694,000 84,000 Table 1: shows the volume of reservoirs and water capacity Typical Drawings: Figure 1 is for typical plans and cross-sections for water harvesting reservoirs components. Which will be used as a typical design for the proposed water harvesting reservoirs interventions. Plan for circular reservoir Plan for Semi-circular reservoir Plan for square reservoir Cross-section for reservoir Sand filter Sedimentation ponds Figures 1: Show the typical drawings for Water Harvesting Reservoirs 2-2 Location: The subprojects will be implemented in different governorates namely in Ibb, Dhamar, Sa’dah, Al Ghaydah, Raimah, and Socotra governorates. The land formation in the targeted areas is rocky, semi-rocky, clay, sandy, and graduated soil. Coordinates of the Location: Governorate Subproject-ID District E N Ibb 05-6-14451 Dhai Assefal 44° 1'12.17" 13°51'30.38" Ibb 05-6-14453 Dhai Assefal 44° 0'39.38" 13°50'52.19" 44° 1'11.20" 13°50'59.66" Dhamar 09-6-14376 Bani Suwayd area - Aotma 44° 0'4.72" 14°30'32.86" Dhamar 09-6-14443 Doran Anais 44° 0'26.62" 14°47'58.26" Sa’dah 14-6-14423 Hajra-Baqim 43°26'15.99" 17°15'46.8" Al Ghaydah 18-6-12511 Al-Ghaydah 52° 21'16" 16°28'34" Al Ghaydah 18-6-14459 Al-Ghaydah 52°01'26" 16°16'25" Raimah 21-6-14387 Aljubail - East of Houri – Aljobain 43°36'35.92" 14°39'52.38 Socotra 22-6-12571 Hadibu 54°02'38" 12°22'17" Socotra 22-6-12583 Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury 53°39'07" 12°39'15" Socotra 22-6-14316 Hadibu 54°11'15" 12°29'54" Socotra 22-6-14317 Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury 53°42'24" 12°24'30" Table 2: the subprojects coordinates 9 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Alribat – Momsi Alribat – Aldakhal - Dhai Assefal – Ibb Governorate Springwater harvesting reservoir for Almanial and Alakilah – Momsi Almanial and Momsi Allafagin - Dhai Assefal– Ibb Governorate 10 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 800 m3 capacity – Alzaih - Bani Suwayd area – Aotma – Dhamar Governorate Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Jashm- Doran Anais - Dhamar Governorate 11 Rehabilitation of Kareif Al-Hajra-Baqim – Sa’ada Governorate Rehabilitation of Karif Alsheikh Algohari - Al-Ghaydah - Al-Ghaydah Governorate 12 Expansion of Karif Alzwaidi - Al-Ghaydah - Al-Ghaydah Governorate Springwater harvesting reservoir for Aljubail - east of Houri – Aljobain – Raimah Governorate 13 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 85 m3 capacity – Abtari – Moghabhar -Nujd – Hadibu Socotra Governorate 14 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 150 m3 capacity – Tara'a - Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury - Socotra Governorate Rainwater harvesting reservoir – Shezab – Hadibu - Socotra Governorate 15 Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Hasalinah – Darkbo - Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury - Socotra Governorate 2-3 Land Acquisition: Some of the proposed sub-projects will not require land acquisition because they will be rehabilitated for existing reservoirs/Karifs. On the other hand, some sub-projects are to implement new reservoirs which will use a small area of land In this case, the land donation procedures have been carried out by the beneficiaries and community committees for proposed subprojects. These small areas of landare donated voluntarily without any pressure and with no compensations. Beneficiaries themselves introduced the land donation to PWP because these sub-projects will reduce their suffering and cover their need of water. Moreover, PWP has reached to social agreements7 with targeted communities and local authorities to implement these subprojects. In addition, the sub-projects will not cause any economic resettlement because it is conducted in rural areas and there are no shops or economic activities on subprojects' sites. PWP has ensured that: (a) the potential donor have been appropriately informed and consulted about the project and the choices available to them; (b) potential donors are aware that refusal is an option, and have confirmed in writing their willingness to proceed with the donation; (c) no household relocation is involved; (d) the donor is expected to benefit directly from the project; and (e) for community or collective land, a donation can only occur with the consent of individuals to use or occupy the land. PWP has maintained a transparent record of all consultations and agreements reached. Signed donation papers are found in annex 4. 2-4 Resources and Services' access restriction The subprojects will not cause restrictions for the services and resources, and the activities will be conducted small section of land. PWP and the contractors will be responsible to coordinate with local communities and local authorities to ensure the subprojects will not limit access to the services and resources. 2-5 COVID-19 Sensitivity Due to the outbreak of COVID19 in Yemen, there is a risk of spreading the disease further during the subproject planning and subsequent implementation. Therefore, the COVID-19 control measures have been applied during the consultation process with targeted communities such as distribution of masks, provision of hand sanitizers, and maintaining a distance of at least 1.5 meter between consulted people. Moreover, the COVID19 precautionary measures including face masks, hygiene kits, soap, clear water, and hygiene etiquettes will be made available in the subproject's sites as well as social distancing during the implementation. Furthermore, awareness sessions will be conducted for workers and communities regarding COVID19 risks and necessary mitigation measures. 7 The social agreement include that the local authorities and the community committees ensure that there is no land acquisition in the targeted sub-projects, and if these occur during the implementation, they are the ones who responsible for solving the argument with the one who claimed the ownership. Also, they are the ones who responsible for any compensations if needed in such situation. 16 2-6 Gender and Social -related issues: Both male , female and people with disabilities were considered as beneficiaries when designing the subprojects. The subprojects will highly contribute to improve the living standards of about 7,666 people including women, men, and people of disability, and their children. The interventions will generate positive impacts on livelihoods and the beneficiaries. 2.6.1 Child Labor: No child labor will be hired for these activities. The minimum age of work has been specified in the tender documents for contractors. Verification of legal documents is done before starting the work. The minimum accepted age is 18 years old and verification of age by checking IDs and other available documents. A labor log will be kept, and all workers will be registered. 2.6.2 Gender: PWP has ensured gender equality in the subproject's cycle as a core principle for the subprojects' success. PWP is mainstreaming gender in all aspects of the subproject cycle as well as raising awareness amongst the communities both male & female on Job opportunities during subprojects implementation. The total number of targeted beneficiaries is 7,666 including women, men, IDP, and disabled people. PWP has engaged and involved the beneficiaries in the consultation process to ensure their concerns and feedbacks are taken into consideration without any discrimination, The consultation was conducted for 243 male and 184 female. Also, PWP established the community committees in the targeted areas by sending the social consultants' teams (male and female) and conducted focal groups discussion which included women and men to enable participation in electing the community committees. The elected community committees and their members including women and men participated in the decision-making, need assessment, and public consultation. Also, they will participate in the monitoring of implementation, receiving the subprojects, as well as operation and maintenance. The number of elected community committees is 8 committees, and the number of their members are 40 male and 25 females. PWP conducted twelve training and awareness-raising for consulted beneficiaries and community committees on GBV, SEA, COVID 19 and other diseases prevention measures, and health & hygiene. This also includes using GRM mechanism to report any gender- based violence, gender discrimination, and SH cases with the highest level of confidentiality and anonymity of complaints. Subproject Beneficiaries Public Consultation Community Committees ID Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 05-6-14451 820 898 1718 12 15 27 5 2 7 05-6-14453 861 838 1699 22 19 41 4 3 7 09-6-14376 475 497 972 20 22 42 3 2 5 09-6-14443 153 166 319 24 20 44 4 2 6 14-6-14423 942 811 1753 18 18 36 3 3 6 18-6-12511 90 112 202 12 6 18 3 2 5 17 18-6-14459 112 138 250 18 14 32 3 0 3 21-6-14387 330 206 536 31 11 42 3 2 5 22-6-12571 407 381 788 26 10 36 3 3 6 22-6-12583 54 52 106 21 16 37 3 2 5 22-6-14316 381 259 640 17 23 40 3 2 5 22-6-14317 235 166 401 22 10 32 3 2 5 Total 4860 4524 9384 243 184 427 40 25 65 2.6.3 Gender-Based Violence "GBV", and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse "SEA": PWP raised the awareness of community members for men & women, IDP, and disabled people regarding GBV & SEA during the public consultation process as well as on GRM processes and how it can be used to report gender-based violence, gender discrimination, and SH/SEA cases with the highest level of confidentiality and anonymity of complaints. Twelve Awareness trainings conducted for 243 male and 184 female as well as for members of elected community committees both male and female. To ensure effectiveness, repeated mandatory awareness training and sessions about refraining from unacceptable conduct towards local community members, specifically, women will be performed by PWP through resident engineer and subarea staff for all contractors and workers. This also includes informing workers about the national laws that make sexual harassment, abuse, and gender-based violence a serious and punishable offense. 2.6.4 Conflict sensitivity and Do No Harm PWP has a conflict sensitivity manual to manage any conflict cases during the projects cycle. Conflict sensitivity is given high priority and it is integrated into the decision-making criteria in project approval. PWP adopts specific approaches when targeting the beneficiaries and defines their prioritization. Targeted communities provide their consent, acceptance, and satisfaction for the chosen interventions. No concerns were raised by the communities against the subprojects.. Public Consultation were conducted including conflict sensitivity screening. In case of Conflicts that cannot be resolved, the subproject will be rejected. Also, conflict sensitivity will be taken into consideration in the monitoring and reporting processes during the implementation. Furthermore, the elected community committees are trained to manage, monitor, and report any conflict that might be generated during the projects cycle. Generally, the subproject will help to build the resilience of the communities and improve their live condition positively. 3. Environmental and Social Baseline conditions: Yemen is divided geographically into four main regions: the coastal plains in the west, the western highlands, the eastern highlands, and the Rub' al Khali in the east. The benefits of water harvesting reservoirs include controlling infectious of COVID-19, raising the health situation in the targeted area, and covering the communities’ daily needs of water. In the targeted sub-project sites, no wastes were found during the planning of the intervention. 18 In Yemen according to countrymeter website8, "The literacy rate for adult male population is 85.13%and the literacy rate for adult female population is 55.02%" which reflects high percentage. The living standards of the Yemeni population have deteriorated even further since the beginning of 2020, with food insecurity and malnutrition reaching alarming levels. according to the latest projections (December 2020), 16.2 million people were projected to be at risk of famine by June 2021 (ESPECRPA Project Paper, pg 12). From the field visits of our social teams, it is indicated that no knowledge among societies about GBV. The subproject will be implemented in Ibb, Dhamar, Sa’dah, Al Ghaydah, Raimah, and Socotra governorates and following are some key characteristics of the areas: Sa'dah governorate Sa'dah governorate is located to the north of the capital Sana'a, about 242 kilometers away. The population of the governorate is about 1,038,000 persons which accounts for 4% of the total population of Yemen. Administratively, Sa'dah governorate has 15 districts, and Sa'dah city is the capital of the governorate. Socioeconomic profile in Sa'dah is represented by Agriculture, Animal husbandry, and bee farming. From the oveall situation of the governorate, the literacy level is high as well as the poverity level. No knowlegde among societies about GBV and no cases are recorded. Al-Hajra-Baqim The targeted area (Al-Hajra) is located in the district of Baqim in the western north part of Sada'a governorate. The total number of beneficiaries from this sub-project will be 1753 capita. The targeted area is located in a mountainance environment, the area suffers from the shortage of water that was found out from the public consultation. There are no biologically sensitive areas, no important plant areas, no important birds areas, no wetlands, and no archaeological important areas as well. The socio-economic conditions of the beneficiaries, in general, are affected by the ongoing conflict and the decline in purchasing power, they are depending on agriculture, animal husbandary, and trade. In addition, most women do work in raising children and taking care of household matters. Dhamar governorate Dhamar governorate, located in Yemen, is about 100 km away from the capital Sana'a. The plateau is in the middle of the mountain, between latitudes 15.70 - 16.66 degrees north and longitudes 33 - 48.50 degrees east. The height above sea level in the western regions ranges from about 500 m to 2400 m in the area of the central plateau extending from Samara until Niqil Yeslah. The governorate's mandate is diverse in its terrain Between mountain ranges, plains, and bottoms throughout the area of its districts. Socioeconomic profile in Dhamar is represented by Agriculture, Animal husbandry, bee farming, trade, 8 Yemen population (2022) live — Countrymeters 19 industries, and craft industries. From the oveall situation of the governorate, the literacy level is high as well as the poverity level. No knowlegde among societies about GBV and no cases are recorded. Alzaih - Bani Suwayd area – Aotma The targeted area (Alzaih) is located in the district of Aotma in the western part of Dhamar governorate. The total number of beneficiaries from this sub-project will be 972 capita. The targeted area is located in a mountainance environment, the area suffers from the shortage of water that can be noticed from the leakage of adults from schools. There are no biologically sensitive areas, no important plant areas, no important birds areas, no wetlands, and no archaeological important areas as well. The socio-economic conditions of the beneficiaries, in general, are affected by the ongoing conflict and the decline in purchasing power, they are depending on agriculture, and animal husbandary. In addition, most women do work in raising children and taking care of household matters. Jashm- Doran Anais The targeted area (Jashm) is located in the district of Doran Anais in the North part of Dhamar governorate. The total number of beneficiaries from this sub-project will be 319 capita. The targeted area is located in a mountainance environment, the area suffers from the shortage of water that can be noticed from the leakage of adults from schools. There are no biologically sensitive areas, no important plant areas, no important birds areas, no wetlands, and no archaeological important areas as well. The socio-economic conditions of the beneficiaries, in general, are affected by the ongoing conflict and the decline in purchasing power, they are depending on agriculture, animal husbandary, expatriates out of the country, and trade. In addition, most women do work in raising children and taking care of household matters. Ibb governorate Ibb governorate is located to the south of the capital Sana'a, about 193 kilometers away. The population of the governorate is about 2,131,861 people which accounts for 10.8% of the total population of Yemen. Administratively, Ibb governorate has 20 districts and Ibb city is the capital of the governorate. Socioeconomic profile in Ibb is represented by Agriculture, Animal husbandry, bee farming, craft industries, trade, and tourism. From the oveall situation of the governorate, the literacy level is high as well as the poverity level. No knowlegde among societies about GBV and no cases are recorded. Dhai Assefal District The targeted areas are located in the district of Dhai Assefal in the southern part of Ibb governorate. The total number of beneficiaries from this sub-project will be 3417 capita. The targeted area is located in a mountainance environment, the area suffers from the shortage of water that can be noticed from the leakage of adults from schools. They are in biological sensitive areas, and in important birds areas (see figure 2&4 bellow). 20 Otherwise, no important plant areas, no wetlands, and no archaeological important areas as well. The socio-economic conditions of the beneficiaries, in general, are affected by the ongoing conflict and the decline in purchasing power, they are depending on agriculture, animal husbandary, and trade. In addition, most women do work in raising children and taking care of household matters. Raimah governorate Raimah is one of the governorates in Yemen. It has a population of 1.0 Million people. It is located in the mountainous area between Hodiedah, Thamar, and Ibb at an elevation of 500 to 2000m above sea level. Set in several wadis. The climate of Raimah is moderate weather where it is cold and moderate during the whole year. The maximum temperature in the project area of Raimah during the year ranges from zero Degrees Celsius in winter and rises in the summer up to 30 Degrees Celsius. Rainfall is in summer with precipitation levels varies from 50 to 100 mm. Socioeconomic profile in Raimah is represented by Agriculture, Animal husbandry, bee farming, and craft industries. From the oveall situation of the governorate, the literacy level is high as well as the poverity level. No knowlegde among societies about GBV and no cases are recorded. Aljubail - east of Houri – Aljobain The targeted area (Aljubail) is located in the district of Aljobain in the middle of Raimah governorate. The total number of beneficiaries from this sub-project will be 536 capita. The targeted area is located in a mountainance environment, the area suffers from the shortage of water that can be noticed from the leakage of adults from schools. The subproject is in a biological sensitive area, and in an important birds area (see figure 3 bellow). Otherwise, no important plant areas, no wetlands, and no archaeological important areas as well. The socio-economic conditions of the beneficiaries, in general, are affected by the ongoing conflict and the decline in purchasing power, they are depending on agriculture, animal husbandary, and trade. In addition, most women do work in raising children and taking care of household matters. Mahrah Governorate Al-Mahra is the eastern governorate of the Republic of Yemen and the second largest governorate in the country after Hadhramaut. It forms the eastern border with the Sultanate of Oman. Al-Mahra governorate is located to the east of the capital, Sana’a, and it is called the Eastern Gate of Yemen, and it is about (1318) kilometers away from the capital. Its population is (0.5%) of the total population of the republic, and therefore it is the least of the governorates in terms of population, and the number of its districts is (9), and the city of Ghayda is the center of the governorate.9 Socioeconomic profile in Al Mahra is represented by fishing, Trade, Animal husbandry, and Agriculture. From the oveall situation of the governorate, the literacy level is high as well as the poverity level. No knowlegde among societies about GBV and no cases are recorded. 9 ‫ ويكيبيديا‬- ‫( محاÙ?ظة المهرة‬wikipedia.org) 21 Al-Ghaydah District The targeted areas are located in the district of Ghaydah District in the south-eastern part of Yemen. The total number of beneficiaries from this sub-project will be 452 capita. The area suffers from the shortage of water that can be noticed from the leakage of adults from schools. There are no biologically sensitive areas, no important plant areas, no important birds areas, no wetlands, and no archaeological important areas as well. The socio-economic conditions of the beneficiaries, in general, are affected by the ongoing conflict and the decline in purchasing power, they are depending on fishing, animal husbandary, and trade. In addition, most women do work in raising children and taking care of household matters. Socotra Governorate Socotra is a Yemeni island allocated in the southeast of Aden city and between the Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Sea. Socotra is considered the jewel of biodiversity in the Arabian Sea. The area of the main island of Socotra is 3,665 km2 or 1,415 sq mi, and there are three smaller islands that follow Socotra namely Abd al Kuri, Samhah, and Darsa, as well as small rock outcrops. The capital and largest city in Socotra is Hadibu. The population is estimated 60,000 with Pop. density of 11.3/km2 (29.3/sq mi). The main island has three geographical terrains, the narrow coastal plains, a limestone plateau with karst topography, and the Hajhir Mountains. The mountains rise to 1,503 meters (4,931 ft). The island is about 125 kilometers (78 mi) long and 45 kilometers (28 mi) north to south. The climate of Socotra is classified as a tropical, desert climate bordering on a semi- desert climate with a mean annual temperature over 25 °C (77 °F). Yearly rainfall is light but is fairly spread throughout the year. Due to the orographic lift provided by the interior mountains, especially during the northeast monsoon from October to December, the highest inland areas can average as much as 800 millimeters (31.50 in) per year and can receive over 250 millimeters (9.84 in) in a month during November and December. The southwest monsoon season from June to September brings strong winds and high seas. The island was recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a world natural heritage site in July 2008. Socioeconomic profile in Socotra is represented by fishing, Animal husbandry, craft industries, and Tourism. From the oveall situation of the governorate, the literacy level is high as well as the poverity level. No knowlegde among societies about GBV and no cases are recorded. Hadibu District Hadibu, formerly known as Tamrida, is a coastal town in northern Socotra, Yemen. It is not far from the mount Jabal al-Jahir. It is the largest town of the small archipelago, with a population of 8,545 at the 2004 census. Hadibu is also the capital of the larger eastern district of Socotra's two administrative districts, HidaybÅ«. For the inhabitants of the town, animal husbandry is the main source of income. 22 A paved road runs along the north shore from Qulansiyah to Hadibu and then to the DiHamri area; and another paved road, from the northern coast to the southern through the Dixsam Plateau. The former capital is located to the east of Hadibu.10 Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury District Qulensya Wa Abd Al Kuri District is one of two districts of the Socotra Governorate, Yemen. It occupies the western part of the main island of Socotra archipelago, and all other islands of the archipelago. It is named after its capital, Qulensya, on the north coast of Socotra island, and Abd al Kuri, the second largest island of the archipelago. As of 2003, the district had a population of 10,109 inhabitants.11 Figure 2 Reflection Subprojects Location in Yemen IBA & KBA Maps 10 Hadibu - Wikipedia 11 Qulensya wa Abd al Kuri District - Wikipedia 23 Figure 3 Socatra Subprojects in KBA&IBA Map Figure 4 More Focused Map about the subprojects and KBA&IBA 24 3.1 Rainfall, Climate, and Weather: The climate of Yemen can be described as a subtropical dry, hot desert climate with low annual rainfall, very high temperatures in summer, and a significant difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures, especially in the inland areas. The average annual rainfall is less than 200 mm although the high mountain areas, where the population is concentrated, receive about 250-400 mm and more, with peaks of 1000 mm in the highlands. Surface water is taken from wadis during floods mainly in two rainy seasons, February – May, and July – September. Rainfall has generally a bimodal pattern with two rainy seasons, the first is during February, March, and May, and the second is in July to September and October which is the heaviest rainy season.12 3.2 Air Quality and Noise: Data on air quality in Yemen in general and within the subprojects areas are extremely scarce. No air quality monitoring data for the subprojects areas was found. Minor, short term and localized air pollutions may be caused due to excavation works. Minor, short term and localized noise from subproject construction is expected during stone cutting and shaping. 3.3 Existing Situation Related to Water Availability of the Targeted Areas: The targeted communities have no reliable source of water and most of them depend on the wells to have their daily need of water. These wells are far away from their houses, and they always spend hours going to the wells to take their daily need of water. Some communities have communal water tanks in their villages that collect water from the catchment area around them, but these tanks' capacities are not enough for their daily need and most of those tanks have gone out of service because of poor maintenance. However, the water quality is not safe for drinking and has caused many water-borne diseases for the population. These diseases worsened the community's suffering since they cannot pay for their treatment fees, and there are no health facilities in the area. Furthermore, to fetch water, women, and children must bear the burden of traveling for hours to unreliable sources of water. They carry their jerrycans or water containers above their heads or on the back of their animals (donkeys in most cases). They also must bear the consequences of risking their safety while traveling alone with no protection. The subprojects will provide clean water for targeted communities near their houses which will reduce the community suffering and save time used to spent fetching water by women, girls, and boys. This will enable girls to use the time to go to school. This will also increase the cleanness hygiene and enhance the protection against COVID-19 in the targeted areas as well as avoiding the proliferation of cholera and environmental pollution. 12 There is no specific rainfall, climate, weather data specific for the targeted locations, due to absence of weather stations in the specific locations, hence General data has been utilized. 25 The targeted beneficiaries will be involved throughout the subproject life cycle and the subprojects will be handed to them formally with the attendance of the community committees and local authorities representative once the subprojects are completed. Based on the social agreement, the beneficiaries who are considered as the community committees representatives will establish the management unit for the subproject under the supervision of the relevant local authorities to ensure project management, operation, and sustainability. The targeted beneficiaries were selected based on their priorities and high needs for the subprojects. PWP adopts specific approaches when targeting the beneficiaries and defines their prioritization. It follows the participatory and consultative approach. This approach is applied at the community level in an inclusive, impartial, and neutral manner to ensuree that all targted communities were selected based on their needs and priorities . The targted communities participated in the consultation session and totally agreed upon the subprojects selection to avoid any conflict or negative effects on the subproject activities. Targeted communities expressed their consent, acceptance, and satisfaction with the chosen interventions. No concerns have been raised by the communities against the subprojects. Springwater harvesting reservoir for Alribat – Momsi Alribat – Aldakhal - Dhai Assefal- Ibb Governorate 26 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Almanial and Alakilah – Momsi Almanial and Momsi Allafagin - Dhai Assefal - Ibb Governorate Rainwater harvesting reservoir 800 m3 capacity – Alzaih - Bani Suwayd area – Aotma - Dhamar Governorate Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Jashm- Doran Anais - Dhamar Governorate Rehabilitation of Craif Al-Hajra-Baqim – Sa’ada Governorate 27 Rehabilitation of Karif Alsheikh Algohari - Al-Ghaydah - Al-Ghaydah Governorate Expansion of Karif Alzwaidi - Al-Ghaydah - Al-Ghaydah Governorate Springwater harvesting reservoir for Aljubail - east of Houri – Aljobain - Raimah Governorate 28 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 85 m3 capacity – Abtari – Moghabhar -Nujd – Hadibu – Socotra Governorate Rainwater harvesting reservoir 150 m3 capacity – Tara'a - Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury – Socotra Governorate Rainwater harvesting reservoir – Shezab – Hadibu – Socotra Governorate Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Hasalinah – Darkbo - Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury – Socotra Governorate 29 3.4 Targeted Beneficiaries: The subprojects interventions are selected based on the communities’ highest priorities and in line with sectors for famine / COVID-19 response. The activities of the subproject will serve the local community which is considered as direct beneficiaries. The table below shows the total number of beneficiaries segregated by gender: Subproject Benefited Beneficiaries -ID District Villages Male Female Total 05-6-14451 Dhai Assefal 1 820 898 1718 05-6-14453 Dhai Assefal 2 861 838 1699 09-6-14376 Bani Suwayd area - Aotma 7 475 497 972 09-6-14443 Doran Anais 1 153 166 319 14-6-14423 Hajra-Baqim 4 942 811 1753 18-6-12511 Al-Ghaydah 1 90 112 202 18-6-14459 Al-Ghaydah 1 112 138 250 21-6-14387 Aljubail - East of Houri – Aljobain 5 330 206 536 22-6-12571 Hadibu 1 407 381 788 22-6-12583 Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury 1 54 52 106 22-6-14316 Hadibu 1 381 259 640 22-6-14317 Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury 1 235 166 401 Total 25 4,860 4524 9384 1. Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment: 4.1 Applicability: The ESMF applies because these subprojects may trigger some environmental and social impacts such as residual wastes and occupational health and safety (OHS). 4.2 Eligibility (Responsive Criteria): These subprojects are eligible for support as per the PWP Environmental and Social Responsiveness (ESR) Criteria at Proposal Stage- see Annex 2. 4.3 Environmental and Social Screening: An Environmental and Social screening has been conducted by PWP field staff and design engineers through site visits to subprojects sites, using the screening checklist attached in Annex 1. the subproject will have a significant positive impact on the environment and communities in the targeted areas such as increasing the safe water availability, providing Job opportunities during implementation for workers from local communities as well as from displaced people which will generate positive impacts on the economy, education, and health services in the targeted areas, and will enhance the community's protection and resilience. Based on the screening the subproject may trigger some environmental and social impacts such 30 as residual wastes, raw materials, and OHS issues. In addition, minor, short-term and localized air pollutions may be caused due to excavation works as well as minor, short-term and localized noise from subproject construction is expected during stone cutting and shaping. Otherwise, the lands that will be used to implement the reservoirs are donated by the targeted communities voluntarily without any pressure and with no compensations, the activities will be conducted away from main roads which will not cause any destruction for road users and will not cause restrictions for the services and resources. Also, the subprojects in Al-Jabin, Dhi As Sufal, and one in Hadibu are located in biodiversity areas and important birds areas where measures shall be suited to maintain the environment. No discrimination and gender nonequality anticipated as already male, female, and people with disabilities were considered as beneficiaries when designing the subprojects as well as awareness-raising amongst the communities both male & female on Job opportunities, GBV & SEA, were conducted during the public consultation process as Also, the targted communities were introduced to GRM processes and how it can be used to report gender-based violence, gender discrimination, and SH/SEA cases. Moreover, no child labor will be hired for these activities as the allowed age is above 18 years old. PWP will monitor the environmental and social issues during the implementation of the subprojects with the help of the community committees which will be involved in the monitoring, as well as following up the complaints system to ensure that all complaints are received, reported, and resolved quickly. OHS measures have been put in place including conducting a risk assessment13 to all activities to measure the impacts on the safety of workers and communities, securing the worksite, implementing a permit to work system, providing training and supervision during implementation, preparing a safety plan for the implementation of subproject components as well as placing of temporary latrines. Each subproject will include one latrine with a hand washing station, water supply tank, and the cesspit for sewage disposal which will be designed very well and covered to avoid any leakage. After the completion of the subprojects, the contractor will demolish the temporary latrine, backfill the cesspit without any leakage in the surrounding area, and transfer the demolition waste to the authorized areas. . Moreover, PWP will raiseethe workers awareness the dangers of open defecation and the importance of using latrines, and handwashing with soap is also considered to ensure hygienic practices on site. Waste management procedures will be added to the tender documents to ensure proper management of different kinds of generated waste in the worksites of the subproject’s activities such as solid waste from construction materials, and workers' solid waste. The activities will not generate any hazardous waste. The contractor code of conduct, list of environmental and social requirements, and contractor liabilities have been prepared to ensure full adherence to the environmental and social requirements. Specific 13 PWP Safeguards Specialist who will undertake assessment of activities risk, put in place the mitigation measures in the ESMPS attached to the contract documents. PWP Field staff and Contractor OHS Officers are responsible for ensuring implementation of the mitigation measures. 31 training for all contractors has been designed and assigned for each contractor before starting the implementation. A detailed impact assessment and mitigation plan are listed in the table below: 32 2. Environmental and Social Impact Analysis Plan and Mitigation Measures: 5.1 Environmental and Social Plan: Personnel / Institution Estimated Project phase Mitigation Potential Impact Factor Responsible For Cost/each SP Measure Execution14 Contractor/ Resident Engineer / Community Committee -Ensure child labor is not permitted; all workers are 18 Years old and above Children are pushed by their families to Construction N.A work due to the need for money -Verifying age by checking IDs and other available documents. -Ensure a Labour Log is available, and all workers are registered. 14 During Construction Phase, the contractor is responsible for implementing the mitigation measures. PWP field staff/ supervision engineer is responsible, monitors and reports on ensuring mitigation measures are implemented. During O&M phases, the Local councils and the Beneficiary Committees are responsible for O&M. 33 -Mandatory and repeated training and awareness-raising for the Contractor/ Resident workforce about refraining from unacceptable conduct toward Engineer / Community local community members, specifically women. Committee / Gender Focal -Informing workers about national laws that make sexual Point harassment and gender-based violence a punishable offense that is prosecuted. Sexual harassment, abuse, gender- -Raise awareness on GM system and how it can be used to N.A based violence, and discrimination report any GBV cases PWP adopts a non-discrimination policy that ensures a non- PWP Subarea Staff/ Discrimination against women and discriminatory and inclusive manner, including women and Community Committee / persons with disabilities when selecting persons with disabilities when selecting subprojects. The policy Gender Focal Point15 N.A beneficiaries also ensures the inclusion of women in community committees as well. Contactor and its workers to sign the Code of Conduct. Contractor/ Resident Lack of workers' awareness and Engineer / Community Construction knowledge on respecting local Ensure workers respect and adherence to the Code of Conduct Committee / Gender Focal community cultures, and social CoC for the local community's protection and do no harm. N.A Point safeguard issues on Gender, SEA/H, and GM system in place to handle any issues on Gender, SEA/H, and GBV. GBV. Financial exploitation of community or - Inform the beneficiaries that the subproject is provided for PWP / Community N. A beneficiaries free, and they should not pay anyone to get benefits of the Committee subproject. 15 The Gender Focal Point is responsible for conducting Public Consultation, ensuring women participation in the selection of subproject, consensus on the subproject, site location , establishing Community committees including women representatives, resolving complaints related to GBV, SEA issues and monitoring during construction phases. PWP staff participate in the public consultation, discuss details, raise awareness on SEP, and discuss stakeholder concerns vis a vis the subproject community committees formation and collection of community data / profiles. Community committee is responsible for raising the awareness between society, helping in solving problem and obstacles, accordingly, supporting the monitoring in sites and helping solving GRM complaints in site as possible. 34 -Raise awareness of PWP consultants and resident engineers that there is zero tolerance for any cases of financial exploitation. - Raise the awareness of the community committee, workers, and communities on GM system and how it can be used to report any financial exploitation -Inform consultants, resident engineers, and the community about PWP regulations that make financial exploitation a serious contravention. -Ensure adherence to COVID-19 precautionary measures by all Contractor/ Resident $ 500 for each workers. Engineer subproject -Ensure face masks are available and used by all workers. -Ensure awareness sessions are conducted on COVID-19 with all COVID-19 spread causing illnesses workers. -Ensure availability of hygiene kits, soap, clear water, and hygiene etiquettes are followed. -Ensure social distancing is applied in the worksite. -Construct temporary latrines, hand-washing basins, and Contractor/ Resident $200 for each supplying them with water and soap Buy the water from Engineer subproject authorized places and provide them by water trucks. In case the presence of women workers, ensure latrines are separated by gender. Ensure latrine areas are properly insulated. Ensure latrines are located far from runoff areas or any surface Construction No latrines near the project site and water zones workers may have to practice open defecation. Ensure the regular and proper collection of sewage and greywater in a closed insulated tank/trench and ensure proper disposal of waste or through a certified contractor. Ensure regular and visual inspections on latrine areas to ensure no leakage Ensure regular cleaning temporary latrines to ensure no odors are emitted and to avoid disease vectors. Ensure workers dealing with waste wear proper PPE 35 After the completion of the subprojects, demolish the temporary latrine, backfill the cesspit without any leakage in the surrounding area, and transfer the demolition waste to the authorized areas. -Sweep the area to remove dust and to decrease the amount of Contractor water used in dust suppression Spray the work area with water to reduce the dust. Water spray should be done efficiently to avoid wasting water. Water spraying can be carried out by using greywater if available or rainwater if possible. -Ensure proper maintenance of machines and vehicles and ensure turning off vehicles and types of machinery when not in N. A Air pollution due to dust from activities use to reduce PM emissions from machinery and vehicles used. -Ensure workers wear masks. -Material loads must be suitably secured during transportation to prevent the scattering of soil, sand, materials, or dust. -Exposed soil and material stockpiles must be protected against wind erosion and the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing wind direction. Maintain machinery in good working conditions to minimize Contractor emissions. -Ensure proper maintenance of machines and vehicles and Gas emissions are generated from ensure turning off vehicles and machineries when not in use to machines, vehicles, and generators on N. A reduce NOx and CO and PM emissions from machinery and the site. vehicles used. Provide adequate protective wear for workers, and equipment must be maintained regularly to avoid any emissions. Measures to reduce noise to acceptable levels must be implemented and could include silencers, mufflers. Avoiding or minimizing transportation through or processing Loud noise and severe vibration are material in community areas (like concrete mixing). caused by machines, vehicles, and diesel Machinery must be maintained regularly to avoid exceeding noise Contractor N. A generators. emission from poorly maintained machines. All work will be done during the official working period in the daylight 36 Use machinery with lower noise generation at sensitive areas Avoid speed in critical locations. - Ensure to stop the work in the discovery area and inform the Antiquities Authority and the local authority. - Ensure that seizing any archaeological items and deliver them to PWP/ Contractor/ Resident Probability of an archaeological the Antiquities Authority with an official report. Engineer / Community N. A discovery during the activities Committee - Ensure that awareness sessions are held for all workers on the importance of archaeological and to report for any archaeological items are found during the implementation of project activities. -Ensure that workers collect all solid trash is well-insulated bags Contractor/ Resident N. A and transport them regularly to the designated landfill or Engineer dispose of them in a proper way that does not impact the environment. Solid waste produced by workers (trash -Waste burning is not allowed and plastic bags) accumulates and -No waste will be left at the project site and surrounding after pollutes the environment project completion -Separate solid waste from hazardous waste -Store hazardous waste in designated areas according to their MSDSs Ensure certified contractors collect hazardous wastes regularly. Tree planting as a positive Environmental improvement measure. Contractor/ Resident The contractor will deliver the plants from local Nurseries trees, Engineer and the numbers of trees/saplings will differ from one road to another as per the site engineer recommendations. Location of tree planting will be in suggested locations by Project engineers. Trees will be native and non-invasive ones. The plants will be suitable to help in the water retention in soil and the plant species that do not require a lot of water for their existence. Climate change N. A -Avoid vegetation removal as much as possible -Use properly maintained machinery and vehicles -Ensure provision of good practice awareness to workers such as turning off vehicles and machines when not in use. -reduce the number of transport vehicles and distances and increase transportation efficiency" 37 - Properly store all types of waste and hazardous chemicals if any in insulated areas to avoid spillage and away from runoff areas - Provide spillage prevention kits if possible - Remove spills regularly - Ensure machine maintenance, oil change, or mixing of chemicals or cement are done at designated insulated areas away from the soil, and water areas and drains. - Ensure hazardous chemicals and waste, if any, are stored, handled, and disposed of according to their Material Safety Data Sheets. Soil and Surface water/groundwater - Construction waste should be stored and handled in contamination designated areas away from the soil and water runoffs - Avoid working during rainy seasons - Ensure latrines and trenches locations are not in runoff paths - Ensure latrines and trenches are properly insulated/lined and covered to avoid rainwater penetration and leakage that may cause the contamination of soil and water. - Ensure no chemicals and wet cement are located near the springs and water channels and potential runoff zones, to keep it free from contamination during construction work. -Ensure proper mitigation measures for impacts on air, noise, soil, and water drains and impacts from waste including hazardous are implemented. - forbidden the explosion in stones extractions to not harm the biodiversity and environment. -Add barriers and fences and cover for trenches and in Impacts on wildlife and animals excavated zones to prevent animals from falling - Ensure no presence of stagnant water from excavation - Ensure contractor staff do not engage in poaching of wildlife and other animals 38 -An appropriate mechanism was agreed upon for the Contractor/ Resident management of waste resulting from the cutting and Engineer processing of stones and transported to pre-designated areas or to be used in the rehabilitation of some simple agricultural terraces. Dust residues that may be produced are moved to the designated areas -Properly collect store and insulate waste from the Waste accumulation of stone quarries16 environment and then dispose at designated authorized sites N.A and soil excavation -Oil change and hazardous material storage should be carried out at designated areas that are properly insulated. Hazardous waste if any must be disposed of at designated authorized areas. - Closing of quarry and soil excavation sites to ensure water does not get retained during rains after the end of the activities is important. Temporary disruption of economic - Ensure closure of road sections will not cause income loss of Contractor/ Resident activities, including disruption of traffic roadside businesses, kiosks, or vendors by providing alternative Engineer N.A and congestion access to residences and roadside businesses. Before construction, the contractor should carry out consultations with local authorities and the community. Traffic jams due to the movement of Contractor/ Community Vehicle trips must be included in a construction plan before vehicles from/to worksite and Committee N.A approval. Routings, especially heavy vehicles, need to consider transporting of materials sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, and markets. It is strictly forbidden to transport materials for construction during rush hour (between 10.00 am and 1.00 pm). -Collect the oils and sell them as used oils. Contractor Changing the oil of vehicles in the -Oil change and hazardous material storage should be carried out at designated areas that are properly insulated. Hazardous N.A worksite waste must be disposed of at designated authorized areas. Install fences, barriers, dangerous warning/prohibition sites Contractor/ Resident around the construction area which show potential danger to Engineer Access of public into the worksite. N.A public people. Monitor the entry of unauthorized persons and take necessary 16 The source stones will be extracted from stone quarries nearby the subproject’s locations. For every sub-project, we shall need more than one quarry to extract stones from as needed. the contractor will use his own equipment’s like compression, rock breaker, backhoe. PWP has strictly forbidden of us e of any explosives / gunpowder for any rock excavations. 39 actions to escort them out of the site Side of the roads shall be stabilized by constructing Protection Contractor/ Resident Unstable soil conditions N.A Walls and or gabions as engineering controls Engineer -Raise the awareness of the communities represented by local Local councils authorities and communities’ committees on the importance of regular maintenance for reservoirs. -Sign an agreement with local authorities and communities’ committees to ensure reservoirs maintenance and Operation and sustainability of the project. Lack of maintenance for the reservoirs -Inform local communities on upcoming maintenance periods N.A Maintenance after construction. -Ensure the reservoirs are clean and free from pests and diseases -Ensure regular inspection and maintenance reservoirs and perform monitoring tests on water resources to ensure the sustainability of the project 40 5.2 Occupational and Health Safety Plan: Tasks with risk Hazard Risk degree Risk mitigation measures Risk Responsible Estimated possibilities degree Cost after H M L H M L - Issuance of a special permit to work before starting the excavation works to -Children fall from the edge of the ensure health and safety procedures are reservoir in place. -Excavation sides get demolished or -Conduct awareness sessions about (OHS) soil slides during excavation or occupational and health safety for excavation residues slide on the workers before the beginning of work. worker during excavation. - Ensure excavation workers have -Hands or feet get injured while understood the special procedures that provide safety excavating in semi-rocky or rocky areas help avoid, minimize, mitigate the equipment using a mechanical or manual potential risks. for workers: excavator. -Workers sign that they have received 3000 $, -Dust, sand and small parts volatilize Contractor/ awareness about the implementation of Resident while excavating in sandy soil. Excavation works in x the activity, and that they understood the x Engineer -A limb is injured while using drilling all components special procedures that help mitigate, /Workers and excavation equipment. minimize and avoid potential risks. -Exposure to the hot sun during drilling -Site preparation and proper causes headaches and psychological organization of the stacked material in and neurological disorders order to ensure the safety of workers -Misuse of equipment necessary for during work excavation or removal of waste and the -Conduct inclined excavation if the soil is like. collapsible or saturated with water. Also, -Use the dynamite for excavation. the sides of the excavation shall be -Potential snake bites at remote or rural supported with timbering or steel that is zones adequate to protect the excavation sides from collapse. -Use appropriate equipment for leveling and excavation and pay 41 extra attention while using mechanical excavators in rock cutting/extraction. - Maintain the excavation equipment before starting the work to ensure it is in good condition and safe to work -Removal of falling blocks objects or sliding soil in any area above the level of excavation in and around it. - Erect warning notices and signs in the excavation areas. - Provide guards in the excavation areas to prohibit the road users or the pathway user to access to excavation. - Alertlocal communities about excavation risks. - Daily maintenance for excavation fence to ensure it is fixed. Provide adequate lighting in the excavation areas. Provide sun protection caps if possible -Ensure collection and transportation of the excavation residues to the designated landfills right away. -Safety gloves, dust masks, protective helmets, protective boots, and all necessary PPE to mitigate the risks of conducting the activity are to be always used by workers on-site. -Deposit soil extracted 0.80 meter away from the edges. -Deposit rocks extracted away from the excavations. - Prohibit the use of dynamite for any activities. 42 - Sweep the area and spray little water on the generated dust during excavation and leveling works to reduce the dust. - Design Traffic and vehicles routes away from excavation areas. - Ensure an emergency response plan is in place to respond to any accidents or emergency situations. -Allow enough rest breaks to workers -Provide antivenom if possible. -Ensure workers are wearing proper PPEs (i.e rubber boots) as protection from snakes bites for instance. - Eyes get injured while cutting stones - Hand Injuries. -Issuance of work permits to ensure - Foot injuries carrying out the work safely and to ensure - Stones fall on workers while the required OHS protection measures are cutting, transporting, or loading. in place. - Workers fall while standing on -Conduct awareness sessions about (OHS) stones to cut or walk on them occupational and health safety before the - Car accidents occurrence against beginning of work and to be documented. Contractor/ Cutting, braking, workers while transporting materials. -Distribution of personal protection Resident x equipment (PPE) for workers in accordance x Engineer quarrying, and - Stones fall on pedestrians or people N. A with the nature of work/risks in the /Workers transferring of stones passing by due to excavation. - Improper use of equipment while activity. cutting stones -The use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) during the work of - Use of explosives to cut or drill on cutting and braking stones is obligatory. stones or rocky areas - Use safety gloves while loading, - Stone splinters result from cutting transporting, and distributing stones. stones. -Wearing appropriate safety boots is - Hearing injury while using mechanical obligatory during implementing the activity. excavation or cutting equipment. 43 - Serious injuries may occur during stone - Safety eyewear must be on to protect cutting due to the use of unsafe the eyes from stone splinters during equipment. the braking and cutting of stones. Labor injuries due to electric shock from - Full precautions should be taken into exposed wires of the stone cutting consideration during cutting stones from on machine high elevations. - use earplugs to protect the ears from the noise made by the mechanical excavators and cutters in addition to wearing a dust mask to protect from volatile dust. - Use safe and appropriate equipment for cutting and forming of stones, with continuous maintenance. - Maintain the cutting stone equipment to ensure they are in good condition. - Store and organize stones in the work area so as not to block the pathways, or cause danger to pedestrians and workers. - Use of explosives is forbidden. - Ensure an emergency response plan is in place to respond to any accidents or emergency situations. -Ensure workers obtain rocks from areas with a very low risk of falling if possible. -Provide safety ropes if workers are working at high areas while cutting stones or any other sites located at high areas with a high risk of falling etc. -Ensure areas, where rocks are obtained, have no potential risks of falling rocks or have barriers for falling rocks. -Ensure the presence of antivenom if possible at all project site activities 44 -Check the efficiency and insulation of electrical wires of mechanical cutting equipment -Issuance of work permits to ensure carrying out the work safely and to ensure the required OHS protection measures are in place. -Conduct awareness sessions about (OHS) occupational and health safety before the beginning of work and to be documented -Distribution of personal protection - Falling from height. equipment (PPE) for workers in accordance - Blisters on the hands due to direct with the nature of work/risks in the contact with cement. activity. - Injury of the worker's head or - Check the scaffolding before starting the construction while transporting work at heights to ensure providing safe stones. working platforms with guard- rails, fence, Contractor/ - Foot injuries while mixing toe-boards according to safe specifications Resident Construction of walls, x standard, ensure it is erected on the safe x Engineer plastering, and floor concrete. N. A ground, sufficient bracing into scaffolds. /Workers pouring. - Eye Injuries while applying - Using scaffolds sufficient large to allow safe plastering scratch or base coat. use and ensure it is erected and protected. - Injuries of the shoulders and back - Tie the scaffolds adequately to a fixed muscles as a result of lifting the wrong building. way or lifting heavy load for long, far - Ensure that the platforms are clean, tidy, distances between the worker and and big enough to allow the safe use of construction. equipment and materials, safe passage. - Determine the allowed loads for use on the platforms to prevent its collapse. - Erecting scaffolds by a competent worker. - Inspect the scaffolds before starting the work by the OHS assistant or officer. - Issue special permit to work for scaffolds to ensure it is safe to use. - Ensure that the stairs or scaffolding are stable and set up on the leveled ground 45 and must be affixed to any stable body with no movement. - Use a safety harness working at height. - Use safety gloves while loading, transporting, and distributing stones while building. - Long, rubber safety boots shall be worn while mixing concrete. - Eye protection must be worn to protect the eyes from volatile cement while applying plastering scratch or base coat or braking and forming stones. as well as use safety gloves while mixing concrete. - Ensure an emergency response plan is in place to respond to any accidents or emergency situations. - Injuries or serious fractures because - Issuance of work permits to ensure of workers falling during carrying out the work safely and to ensure the work of shutters, reinforcement the required OHS protection measures are steel bars placing, and concrete in place. pouring. -Conduct awareness sessions about (OHS) Mixing and pouring - Blisters on the hands due to direct occupational and health safety before the works for the roof, contact with cement. beginning of work and to be documented ground slabs, and - Use of professional labor force to - Misuse of equipment during Contractor/ beams. implement activities. plumping work. Resident Installation of - Various typical injuries to the hands x - The used wood shall be in excellent x Engineer reservoir metal ceiling N. A condition in addition to ensuring the /Workers and covers. during shuttering work and Installation of quality of the shuttering works and reinforcement steel bars placing. plumping pipes and timbering supports by the supervising -Burns and injuries due to the use of bathroom engineer. welding and cutting equipment. components -Distribution of personal protection - Injuries in hands and feet due to equipment (PPE) for workers in accordance using of hand tools like hammers, with the nature of work/risks in the and chisels. activity. - Use of safety gloves while handling or operating sharp tools or adhesive material. 46 - Serious injuries due to contact with - Wearing safety boots while executing cement mixture equipment when it is shuttering works and reinforcement steel working. bars placing works. - Wearing long, rubber safety boots is obligatory while mixing and pouring concrete. -Ensure concrete mixture equipment is in good condition. - Workers to be aware of concrete mixture equipment risk and keep a safe distance during its movement and rotation. - Locate the cement mixer equipment on firm level ground to avoid collapse during operation, and locate away from traffic - Overalls, eye protection, and face visors are provided for workers who work on welding or cutting. - Ensure an emergency response plan is in place to respond to any accidents or emergency situations. Skin and eye irritation and allergies -Store hazardous material and waste from hazardous material handling according to their MSDSs handling hazardous -Hazardous materials and wastes should be Local x x N.A material and waste handled by trained workers. Contactor -Workers should be provided with proper PPEs 47 3. Environmental, Social, and OHS Clauses and Liabilities for Contractors: 6.1 Conditions for the Eligible Contractors: • Provision of adequate and suitable equipment for the activities of the subprojects • A financial capability that ensures the subprojects will be executed and completed as per agreed terms and conditions. • Provision of insurance policies for the workers as a condition to signing the contracts. • The OHS tools should be provided with acceptable quality according to the BOQ with conducting training to the workers. These materials should be conditional for the handover of the site to the contractors. • Contractors’ are fully responsible for any accident or incident of any worker • Contactors' strict compliance with the ban on the use of explosives. • Contractors and contractors’ site representatives have undertaken OHS training and are fully aware of the risks, mitigation measures, and responsibilities. • Contractors should abide by the principle of non-discrimination in all aspects of employment. • Banning the use of explosives should be enforced and monitored. • The contractor will be suspended if they do not comply with the E&S and OHS mitigation measures during implementation. 6.2 Environmental and Social Clauses for Contractors: The contractors shall supply and execute the necessary works on-site to mitigate the environmental and social impacts of the subproject according to the bidding and contractual E&S requirements. The Environmental and Social Clauses for Contractors should at least reflect the following but not exhaustive items: - Worker Health and Safety: 1. Provide occupational health and safety training to all employees involved in the works. 2. Provide protective masks, helmets, overalls and safety shoes, safety goggles, as appropriate. 3. Provide workers in high noise areas with earplugs or earmuffs. 4. Ensure availability of first aid box. 5. Provide employees with access to toilets and potable drinking water. 6. Train workers regarding the handling of hazardous materials - Labor Management Plan: The estimated / planned number of labors for water harvesting reservoir subprojects is 350 skilled and 700 unskilled labor during the project life for all 12 subprojects. Each worker will be 48 allowed for 20 days work max and not all workers will be conducting activities within the same location at the same time. in which the contractor is responsible on 1. Wages and Deductions: The contractor shall be in line with the current market rates paid for skilled, semi-skilled, or unskilled labor. Also, the daily rates could differ from one governorate to another; hence, it should be equivalent to the wages paid in the specific location. On the other hand, community workers should be paid like contracted workers. PWP field staff shall monitor and ensure contractor pays all workers based on market rates in the area. 2. Child Labor and Forced Labor: Ensure all workers are 18 Years old and above, and no child, forced, involuntary or unpaid labor will be used in any works. 3. Labor influx: The contractor should use workers from the local communities as possible. Some parts of the activities include special works that require skilled labors, these tasks may be undertaken by appropriately skilled workers from the targeted areas and when not available, the contractors may hire skilled laborers from nearby areas. Gender-based Violence (GBV)/Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA)/Sexual Harassment (SH): The contractor and its workers should sign the Code of Conduct and ensure workers respect and compliance with the Code of Conduct CoC to ensure the local community's protection and do no harm. Respecting local community cultures, be aware of social safeguard issues on Gender, SEA/H, and GBV. Raise awareness on GM system and how it can be used to report any GBV cases. 4. Community Health and Safety: The contractor shall protect the local communities from any risks that might be generated during the implementation including exposure to the virus (COVID-19) and as mentioned in the OHS plan above. 5. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS): The contractor shall maintain occupational health and safety system in the site to protect workers from hazards and risks and provide adequate health and safety training17, required PPE, first aid box, and toilets and potable drinking water, and as mentioned in the OHS plan above. 6. Overtime Work: The contractors shall provide workers basic wages per hour of overtime on normal working days and the day of weekly rest, and on official holidays and leave, in addition to the entitlement to standard wages for such holidays according to the Yemeni Laws. 7. Gender and Social Inclusion: Contractors to adopt a non-discrimination in job opportunities during the implementation to ensure a non-discriminatory and inclusive manner, including women, and as mentioned in the Environmental and Social Impact Analysis Plan and Mitigation Measures above. 17 This project will be implemented by national / traditional contractors who are selected from public tender. However, the contractor will be responsible for providing training and PPE for each contracted worker 49 8. Training of workers: PWP staff and Contactors shall provide the workers with required training (including induction training) and daily toolbox talk in the OHS, GBV, SEA, GRM, and as mentioned in the Environmental and Social Impact Analysis Plan and Mitigation Measures above. Training should also include waste management training, hazardous chemicals training, and environmental management training. 9. Addressing worker grievances: Contactors shall provide the worksite with a GM system for all workers (community and contracted workers) including providing the complaints box and the project board with complaint means. In addition, the contractor staff will take training in handling grievances and responses to grievances as part of safeguard training before starting the implementation. - Supply and implement roadblocks and traffic signs to prevent the entry of non-workers to work sites (zinc - timber - concrete blocks - warning tapes - traffic signs). - Assign a permanent safety supervisor to follow up the implementation of an environmental and social management plan as well as OHS requirements during the implementation of work activities at the site - Apply a safety work permit system for all working activities at the site to ensure full implementation of ESMP and OHS requirements. - Supply of personal safety equipment and tools including boots, helmets, gloves, goggles, masks, earplugs, safety belts, etc. in quantities enough for all laborers at the expense of the contractors and ensure the adherence of using by all. - Provide first aid boxes in the worksites (as per the emergency response plan) which contain (adhesive plaster of different sizes - –sterile gauze - scissors – disinfectant- forceps - etc.). - Provide a contingency plan containing the names and numbers of the nearest health center and local assistants, the routes to be used, and the means of transport. - All necessary PPEs and COVID protection gears required for the job are distributed to each worker who will be participating in the implementation. - Ensure adherence to COVID-19 precautionary measures and social distancing is applied in the worksite and hygiene kits (water and soap) are available. - Construction of a bathroom/bathrooms of dimensions of 1.5 × 1 meters and a temporary height of 2.0 meters of zinc, wood, or plank, etc., and temporary hand washing basins and equip them with water and soap. - Provision of water for these bathrooms and or trenches with covers and obliging all workers and supervisors to use them. - Separate the material including hazardous materials and wastes and store them accordingly and provide enough space for movement and maneuvering. - Properly store and removal of all waste during the implementation period to a dedicated location outside the work area (allocated landfills) and follow the instructions of the consultant. - Commit to place disturbing equipment away from populated places and operating them at the appropriate times. 50 - Commit to store hazardous materials away from the worker, in a properly insulated storage site and follow its storage guidelines and MSDSs (Material Safety Data Sheet and not to change oils or leave grease residue in the work area or sensitive areas or runoff areas and commit to change the oil in designated sites that are insulated from the soil - Commit to remov any unintended spills and dispose residues at certified areas - Commit to repair public services (electricity, telephone, water, sewage) that are broken during the implementation of the project. - The Contractors shall coordinate with the competent authorities to regulate the traffic in the streets and shall not start work in any street until the completion of works in other streets to facilitate movement. - Report immediately any accident or injury occurring during the execution of the work and within a maximum period of 24 hours. - Conduct awareness sessions about OHS before the beginning of work by the contractors this includes hazards associated with the activity, mitigation measures, workers' responsibility, GRM, sexual harassment, abuse, and gender-based violence as well as the disciplinary action against any violation. - The contractors shall adhere to the use of the Permit to Work system (PTW) for all activities and ensure all workers are aware of the system. - Contractors must address the risk of gender-based violence, through: â–ª Mandatory and repeated training and awareness-raising for the workforce about refraining from unacceptable conduct toward local community members, specifically women. â–ª Informing workers about national laws that make sexual harassment and gender-based violence a punishable offense that is prosecuted. â–ª Introducing a Worker Code of Conduct as part of the employment contract, and including sanctions for non-compliance (e.g., termination) â–ª Adopting a policy to cooperate with law enforcement agencies in investigating complaints about gender-based violence. - Contractors must not employ workers below the age of 18 and must ensure verification of documents is conducted before hiring. - Provide proof of insurance for all laborers, including the third party, before the implementation of the project. - Commit to not use any type of explosive materials for the extraction of stones required for the project. - Movement of Trucks and Construction Machinery: The Contractors moving solid or liquid construction materials and waste shall take strict measures to minimize littering of roads by ensuring that vehicles are licensed and loaded in such a manner as to prevent falling off or spilling of construction materials. This could be done by sheeting the sides and tops of all vehicles carrying mud, sand, other materials, and debris. Construction materials should be brought from registered sources in the area and debris should be transferred to assigned places in the landfill with a documented confirmation. - Traffic Safety Measures: The Contractors shall provide, erect, and maintain such traffic signs, road markings, barriers, traffic control signals, and other measures as may be necessary for ensuring traffic safety around the rehabilitation site. The Contractors shall not commence any 51 work that affects the public motor roads and highways until all traffic safety measures necessitated by the work are fully operational. - Gas, Noise, and Dust Control: The Contractors shall take all practicable measures to minimize nuisance from noise, vibration, and dust caused by heavy vehicles and construction machinery. This includes: 2 Respecting normal working hours in or close to residential areas 3 Maintaining equipment in a good working order to minimize extraneous noise from mechanical vibration, creaking, and squeaking, as well as emissions or fumes from the machinery. 4 Switch off equipment when it is not directly in use. 5 Using operational noise mufflers 6 Provide a water tanker and spray water when required to minimize the impact of dust. 7 Limiting the speed of vehicles used for construction. 8 Environmental training on machinery efficiency, the importance of maintenance, transportation efficiency, and good practice usage of machinery to mitigate impacts from dust, gas, noise, and climate change. - Protection of the Existing Installations: The Contractors shall properly safeguard all buildings, structures, works, services, or installations from harm, disturbance, or deterioration during the concession period. The Contractor shall take all necessary measures required for the support and protection of all buildings, structures, pipes, cables, sewers, and other apparatus during the concession period and will be required to repair any damage that may occur, in coordination with the Municipality and the relevant authorities. - Working in rainy seasons is not allowed where there is a risk of flooding, endangering workers or equipment. 6.3 Environmental and Social Liabilities for Contractors Contractors will be legally and financially accountable for any environmental or social damage or prejudice caused by their workers and it is thus expected that controls and procedures are put in place to manage environmental and social performance. These will include: • Mitigation measures to be included in the contract will be specified in the subproject bidding documents. • Deductions for environmental noncompliance will be added as a clause in the Bill of Quantities (BOQ) section. • Environmental penalties shall be calculated and deducted in each submitted invoice. • Any impact that is not properly mitigated will be the object of an environmental/social notice by PWP. • For minor infringements and social complaints: if an incident occurs, thatcauses temporary but reversible damage, the contractors will be given the notice to remedy the problem and restore the environment. No further actions will be taken if the PWP project engineer confirms that restoration is done satisfactorily. 52 • For social notices, the PWP project engineer will alert the contractors to remedy the social impact and to follow the issue until solved. If the contractor does not comply with the remediation request, work will be stopped and considered under no excused delay. • If the contractors have not remedied the environmental impact during the allotted time, the PWP will stop the work and give the contractors a notification indicating a financial penalty according to the non-compiled mitigation measure that was specified in the bidding document. No further actions will be required if that restoration is done satisfactorily. Otherwise, if Contractors have not remedied the situation within one day any additional days of stopping work will be considered no excused delay. • In the event of repeated non-compliance totaling 5% of the contract value, the Project Engineer will bring the environmental and social notices to the PWP procurement to take legal action. 4. Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan: The implementation of the mitigation measures will be monitored through daily checks by the resident engineers, biweekly by the OHS/SES staff at the branches as well as monthly visits by PWP subareas managers and the regular TPM and UNDP field monitoring visits. Following aspects will be monitored (though the list will keep updated to accommodate any emerging issues or updated aspects that may be recommended by the monitoring reports): Action Responsible18 Timeframe Ensure contractors and their workers signed the PWP Safeguard/ Before commencement Code of Conduct CoC and they are aware to Contractor/ Resident of work respect the local community's protection and do Engineer/ Gender Focal no harm. Point Adherence of contractor to permit to work system Contractor/ Resident Daily as required for activities as identified by the risk assessment19 Engineer and ensuring all safety measures for the task is in place All OHS requirements for the subproject are Subarea Staff Within one week identified and available in the place. Resident Engineer before commencement of work Signboard with GRM contact details in place Subarea Staff Within one week Resident Engineer before commencement of work 18 The indicators are shared between the Responsible agencies, some of them are the responsible for implement the action and others are responsible for monitoring the actions' implementation according to the level of the position. 19 Risk assessment should be undertaken once in the project cycle and when its required as when we have new activities in the subprojects or when a sever accident happened, in which the risks and their mitigation measures should be attached with sub- project documents. 53 Providing a complaint box, in addition to making Subarea Staff Bi-weekly awareness-raising and distributing phone numbers. Resident Engineer Regular awareness sessions to communities and Resident Engineer Weekly workers aware of the safety requirements are conducted Regular awareness sessions to communities, a Subarea Staff At the onset of community committee, and workers about the use Resident Engineer subprojects and of GM Gender Focal Point regularly Regular awareness sessions to communities, a Subarea Staff Before commencement community committee, and workers about the Resident Engineer of the work historical value of the worksite and the importance Antiquities Authority of reporting any archaeological discoveries Availability of the correct type of PPE and the Contractor/ Resident Before commencement adherence to proper use of PPE by all workers Engineer of the work All accidents and incidents are reported to head Contractor/ Resident within 48 hours office within 24 hours and communicated to UNDP Engineer An emergency plan in place with details of the Contractor/ Resident From the beginning of nearest hospital or medical center is available and Engineer / Safeguard the implementation responsibilities are understood by all workers. First Specialist aid boxes are available and a list of trained First aiders is posted and known by all workers Inspections are conducted to verify the safety Subarea Staff Daily measures are in place and documented Resident Engineer Monthly Bi-monthly No child labor is permitted, and workers must be 18 Contractor/ Resident Daily years or older. Verifying age by checking IDs and Engineer / Community other available documents. Ensure a Labor Log is Committee available, and all workers are registered Ensure full adherence to COVID-19 precautionary Subarea Staff Before commencement measures by all those involved in the Resident Engineer of work implementation of the subprojects. Ensure all activities that require specific skills are Resident Engineer Daily done by skilled workers. Tools and equipment to be of acceptable quality Resident Engineer Weekly and in good working condition for the required Monthly activity Involvement of the community in the supervision of Community Committee Bi-monthly the implementation of the subproject and report Subarea Staff any findings Gender Focal Point All construction works are to be conducted during Resident Engineer Daily daylight and no work to be done at night Community Committee Trees planting shall be conducted as BOQs Resident Engineer Before invoice No. 1 Sub-area staff 54 Ensuring awareness is raised regarding Gender- Gender Focal Point / Daily Based Violence GBV and Sexual Harassment SH Resident Engineer among all workers as well as the community. Ensure / Community laws are enforced for any violations Committee Ensure latrines and handwashing stations are Contractor/ Resident Daily available and supplied with water and soap Engineer Ensure proper housekeeping and maintenance monitoring, Record the presence of any pests, and in compliances h visual records. Ensure non-discrimination and inclusion of women Gender Focal Point / Before commencement and persons with disabilities when selecting Subarea staff / of work and during the beneficiaries Resident Engineer / implementation Safeguard Specialist / Community Committee Deliver awareness to the local community members Gender Focal Point / During the project's including women, marginalized groups on gender Subarea staff / preparation stages and and GBV. Resident Engineer / the implementation Safeguard Specialist / Community Committee Monitoring and reporting of GBV and SH issues Gender Focal Point / Daily Ensure GM cases related to GBV are well treated Safeguard Specialist / and mitigated as a priority GRM Specialist Ensure no explosives are used in the sub-projects Contractor/ Subarea Daily and all workers are aware of this. staff / Resident Engineer Safeguard Specialist / Community Committee Ensure no financial exploitation of communities or Subarea staff / Weekly beneficiaries Resident Engineer Monthly Safeguard Specialist / Community Committee Ensure that all E&S and OHS Clauses and Liabilities for Contractor/ Subarea Daily Contractor are effectively implemented and that corrective staff / Resident actions are carried out for every noncompliance. Engineer Safeguard Specialist / Community Committee/ Gender Focal Point/ GRM Specialist Visual inspection on dust emissions, spillage on soil and near Contractor/ Subarea Daily water sources, proper waste storage including hazardous staff / Resident waste, proper house cleaning and areas where chemicals are used (away from soil and runoffs), and presence of any dead Engineer animals close to the project site. Safeguard Specialist / Community Committee 55 Operational phase monitoring: visual inspection on the Community Weekly presence of any pests in reservoirs or any contamination Committee/ Local Authority Operational phase monitoring: water monitoring tests at Community Monthly springs and seasonal rain Committee/ Local Authority 5. Stakeholders Engagement Plan and Public Consultation: Public consultations have been conducted by PWP social consultants' teams (male and female) to inform the local community of the activities to take place and get feedback. Precautionary measures were taken to avoid the spread of COVID-19; social distancing was applied and implemented, outdoor consultations were held, masks were distributed, and all attendees were required to wear them. The full list of attendance is in (annex 4). Consultation Beneficiaries Sub Project Intervention Date Male Female Total Springwater harvesting reservoir for Alribat – Momsi 07/01/2021 12 15 Alribat – Aldakhal - Dhai Assefal 27 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Almanial and 07/01/2021 Alakilah – Momsi Almanial and Momsi Allafagin - Dhai 22 19 Assefal 41 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 800 m3 capacity – Alzaih 18/01/2021 20 22 - Bani Suwayd area – Aotma 42 08/02/2021 24 20 Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Jashm- Doran Anais 44 Rehabilitation of Craif Al-Hajra-Baqim 18/01/2021 18 18 36 Rehabilitation of Karif Alsheikh Algohari - Al-Ghaydah 11/01/2021 12 6 18 Expansion of Karif Alzwaidi - Al-Ghaydah 18/01/2021 18 14 32 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Aljubail - east of 02/02/2021 31 11 Houri – Aljobain 42 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 85 m3 capacity – Abtari – 09/01/2021 26 10 Moghabhar -Nujd – Hadibu 36 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 150 m3 capacity – Tara'a 09/01/2021 21 16 - Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury 37 Rainwater harvesting reservoir – Shezab - Hadibu 15/01/2021 17 23 40 Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Hasalinah – Darkbo - 11/01/2021 22 10 Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury 32 Total 243 184 427 8.1 Topics of the Consultations: • Ensure that communities' identified needs are in line with their priorities. • Inform local communities about the activities to be undertaken, the sub-projects timetable, and the work plan. 56 • Inform them about their rights to have a job opportunity during implementation. • Raise their awareness about subprojects' potential risks such as safety, health, environmental, and social risks and required control measures. • Inform them about their roles in monitoring the compliance of contractors and workers in the worksites and their rights to give their concerns. • Document and address the local communities’ concerns, expectations, and feedback. • Ensure the participation of subproject beneficiaries both females and males. • Discuss the positive impacts that the subprojects will have for improving services to the beneficiaries. • Raise their awareness regarding social safeguards such as GBV, SH, and abuse, that may occur during the implementation and the required measures that should be taken in case of occurrence. • Inform them about how to use the GRM to give their opinions regarding social safeguard, OHS, and any complaints and concerns without fear. • Raise their awareness for the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures to protect themselves and their families and inform them that during the implementation the control measures for covid-19 will be applied. • Raise their awareness regarding other diseases such as Cholera. • Distribution of awareness posters about OHS, COVID-19, GRM, and Gender with all beneficiaries to contribute to building positive culture regarding safeguard. 8.2 Public Consultation Findings and Feedback The consultation process took the form of face-to-face and group interviews with local communities’ members (both males and females) and feedback collected through questionnaires and discussion. The COVID-19 control measures have been applied during the consultation such as distribution of masks, providing hand sanitizers, and maintaining a distance of at least 1.5 meters between consulted people. The consultation starts with a brief explanation of the nature and objectives of the subproject and potential impact and proposed mitigation measures. the consulted beneficiaries prioritize their needs which in this case are harvesting reservoirs. The consulted beneficiaries have expressed their support to targeted subprojects as it will have positive social impacts on the community. No concerns regarding land, noise, or SEA/SH have been expressed by the beneficiaries. Only some concerns are raised during the construction phase such as the provision of temporary latrines for workers, taking care of underground services and water pipes during construction and excavation, and ensuring that all construction waste will be transferred to a designated area. 57 8.3 Sustainability of Subproject and Community Ownership PWP engages all affected parties of subprojects within the subprojects cycle, consultations are conducted at various stages including consultation with the communities for selection of interventions based on focal group discussions with women and men, formation of the Community committees by electing members including female members with a total number of 40 male and 25 females, training on various aspects for operation and maintenance. Also, coordination with Local Authorities / Councils to inform on activities taking place, the possibility of their role in operation and maintenance, their role as facilitators in case of security issues or any disputes, etc. As well as coordination with other IPs such as SFD, UNICEF, other Clusters such as WASH and other agencies in the Field. Furthermore, PWP conducts public feedback sessions with targeted communities during site visits to listen to their concerns and feedback as well as to ensure their acceptance of the interventions. 8.4 Stakeholders Engagement Plan: PWP will continue to engage the stakeholders during the subproject's implementation through conducting meetings with beneficiaries, community committees, and local authorities to discuss any raised issues, implementation aspects, as well as listen to stakeholders' concerns and feedback. Subarea's managers will conduct monthly meetings with community committees around four to six times during the implementation to coordinate with them for the implementation and safeguard issues, conducting awareness and training regarding safeguard requirements and their monitoring roles. Also, PWP resident engineers will be in continuous cooperation and coordination with the community committees at the sites to discuss any issues that might be raised. Furthermore, different meetings with the local authorities may be conducted to workin cooperation and to facilitate the implementation. In addition, at the end of implementation meetings with beneficiaries, community committees, and local authorities will be conducted to prepare for the subproject submission and operation process. Also, to conduct the training for beneficiaries and community committees on the project operation and maintenance to ensure subprojects sustainability. Springwater harvesting reservoir for Alribat – Momsi Alribat – Aldakhal - Dhai Assefal 58 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Almanial and Alakilah – Momsi Almanial and Momsi Allafagin - Dhai Assefal Rainwater harvesting reservoir 800 m3 capacity – Alzaih - Bani Suwayd area - Aotma Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Jashm- Doran Anais 59 Rehabilitation of Kraif Al-Hajra-Baqim Rehabilitation of Karif Alsheikh Algohari - Al-Ghaydah Expansion of Karif Alzwaidi - Al-Ghaydah 60 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Aljubail - east of Houri – Aljobain Rainwater harvesting reservoir 85 m3 capacity – Abtari – Moghabhar -Nujd - Hadibu Rainwater harvesting reservoir 150 m3 capacity – Tara'a - Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury Rainwater harvesting reservoir – Shezab - Hadibu 61 Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Hasalinah – Darkbo - Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury 6. Grievance Mechanism As part of an ongoing move to improve its accountability, PWP has developed a GM system for managing, responding to, and monitoring issues within its Programs. The accumulated experience in PWP to respond and interact with all partners and beneficiaries enables it to improve and adopt an efficient GM, focusing on institutionalizing the experience in dealing with complaints and mainstreaming it in the system context including MIS. GM awareness sessions have been conducted to explain the mechanism and introduce the system to the local communities, including female members and workers. GM brochures distributed to the local community that have full details on the system and complaint boxes placed in the subproject sites which will be opened in a formal meeting with supervision from the local community committee -that is selected earlier during the early intervention stage and is usually consisted of 50% males and 50% females-every week. The complaints are then registered and classified according to their type and raised to branch offices to be addressed and solved. Other communication means also introduced to beneficiaries and listed below • Complaints box at subproject location which is open every week • Telephone: 8002626 • SMS, Telephone, and What's up to no. 775626262 • Face to face by visiting PWP offices PWP has GRM staff at HQs and locally at the subproject for GRM handling. Each complaint is resolved either at the field by the Supervisor, or the Branch Office Manager or raised to the HQ Complain boxes are collected by PWP staff during bi-weekly field visits. Ensure registering all complaints and addressing all that can be resolved in the field. The designated GRM specialist monitors complaints to ensure they are resolved satisfactorily, and complaints are closed. Complaints received will be recorded and investigated and the person who submitted the complaints will be notified with the updates of his/her case. Gender, SEA/H, and GBV complaints 62 also should be dealt with in a transparent, confidential, and confidential manner (more details in GBV Action Plan )20. Similarly, all complaints received anonymously will be treated at the same level and as seriously as others' complaints. Every effort is made to resolve any issue at the community level and within a time frame of 14 days. UNDP will monitor the implementation of the CHM system and follows up on pending complaints and provide needed assistance when PWP is not able to solve the complaints themselves or higher involvement is required through SRM- Stakeholder Response Mechanism- which helps project-affected stakeholders, governments and other partners jointly resolve concerns and disputes. 20 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aN9On1_jpAXPjxEyyJuKChxFGXUXnoG2/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=1014872 20476084974375&rtpof=true&sd=true 63 Annex 1 – Environmental and Social Checklist 05-6- 05-6- 09-6- 09-6- 14-6- 18-6- 18-6- 21-6- 22-6- 22-6- 22-6- 22-6- Sub-Project No. 1445 14453 14376 14443 14423 12511 14459 14387 12571 12583 14316 14317 1: The Natural Environment Answer (Yes/No) 1.1 Are there any environmentally sensitive areas or threatened species that Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes could be adversely affected by No No No No No No No No No No No No the subproject (specify below)? No No No No No No No No No No No No Intact natural forests Riverine forest Wetlands (lakes/rivers/seasonally No No No No No No No No No No No No inundated areas) If yes, how far are the nearest No No No No No No No No No No No No wetlands (lakes, rivers, seasonally inundated [flooded] areas)? ___________km Habitats of endangered species for which protection is required under Yemeni laws and/or international agreements Others (describe) (e.g., cultural sites, burial places, etc.) 2.Fauna and Flora 64 2.1 Will subproject involves the Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes disturbance or modification of existing drainage channels (rivers, canals) or surface water bodies (wetlands, marshes)? 2.2 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No the destruction or damage of terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems or endangered species directly or by induced development? 2.3 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No the disruption/destruction of wildlife through interruption of migratory routes, disturbance of wildlife habitats, and noise- related problems? 3.Destruction/Disruption of Land and Vegetation 3.1 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No unplanned use of the infrastructure being developed? 3.2 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No long-term or semi-permanent destruction of soils in cleared areas not suited for agriculture? 3.3 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No the interruption of subsoil and 65 overland drainage patterns (in areas of cuts and fills)? 3.4 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No landslides, slumps, slips, and other mass movements in soil? 3.5 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No erosion of lands? 3.6 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No health hazards and interference of plant growth by the dust raised and blown by vehicles? 4. Protected areas 4.1 Does subproject occur No No No No No No No No No No No Yes within/adjacent to any protected areas designated by the government (national park, national reserve, world heritage site, etc.) 4.2 If the subproject is outside No No No No No No No No No No No No of, but close to, any protected area, is it likely to adversely affect the ecology within the protected area (e.g. interference with migration routes of mammals or birds) 4.3 Would this project increase No No No No No No No No No No No No the current impact on the surrounding environment for example by using more water, 66 chemicals, or machinery than previously? If yes HOW 5. Geology and Soils 5.1 Based on visual inspection No No No No No No No No No No No No or available literature, are there areas of possible geologic or soil instability (erosion- prone, landslide-prone, subsidence-prone)? 5.2 Based upon visual No No No No No No No No No No No No inspection or available literature, are there areas that have risks of a large-scale increase in soil salinity? 6 Landscape/aesthetics 6.1 Is there a possibility that No No No No No No No No No No No No the subproject will adversely affect the aesthetic attractiveness of the local landscape? 7. Historical, archaeological or cultural heritage site 7.1. Based on available sources, No No No No No No No No No No No No consultation with local authorities, local knowledge and/or observations, could the subproject alter any historical, archaeological or cultural heritage site or require excavation nearby? 67 8. Resettlement and/or Land Acquisition 8.1 Will the subproject require No No No No No No No No No No No No land acquisition? 8.2 If so, will this land No No No No No No No No No No No No acquisition be involuntary? 8.3 If so, will this involuntary No No No No No No No No land acquisition lead to relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets, or access to assets? 8.4 If so, will this involuntary No No No No No No No No No No No No land acquisition lead to loss of income sources or means of livelihood (whether affected persons must move to another location)? 8.5 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of displaced persons? 9. Noise pollution during Construction and Operations 9.1 Will operating noise level No No No No No No No No No No No No exceeds allowable/ambient noise limits? 68 10. Solid or Liquid Wastes, including Medical Waste 10.1 Will subproject generate No No No No No No No No No No No No large amounts of residual wastes (solid or liquid wastes), including medical waste? 10.2 If “Yesâ€?, does the No No No No No No No No No No No No subproject include plan for collection & disposal? 11. Pesticides, Insecticides, Herbicides or any other Poisonous or Hazardous Chemicals 11.1 Will the subproject require No No No No No No No No No No No No the use of such chemicals? 11.2 If, “Yesâ€?, does the No No No No No No No No No No No No subproject include plan for safe handling, use & disposal? 12. Water and Soil Contamination 12.1 Will the subproject require No No No No No No No No No No No No large amounts of raw materials/construction materials? 12.2 Will subproject generate No No No No No No No No No No No No large amounts of residual wastes, construction material waste, or cause soil erosion? 69 12.3 Will the subproject result Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes in soil or water contamination (e.g., from oil, grease, and fuel from equipment)? 12.4 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No contamination of ground and surface water bodies by herbicides for vegetation control and chemicals for dust control? 12.5 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No an increase in suspended sediments in streams affected by road cut erosion, a decline in water quality & increased sedimentation downstream? 12.6 Will subproject lead to the No No No No No No No No No No No No destruction of vegetation and soil in the right-of-way; borrow pits, waste dumps, and equipment yards? 12.7 Will the subproject lead to No No No No No No No No No No No No the creation of stagnant water bodies in borrow pits, quarries, etc., encouraging mosquito breeding and other disease vectors? 12.8 Will this project include No No No No No No No No No No No No the development of a large irrigation scheme? 70 12.9 Will this project aims at No No No No No No No No No No No No improving an irrigation scheme (without expansion)? 12.10 Will this project change No No No No No No No No No No No No the water quality and quantity in the project area or areas connected to it 12.11 Will this project involve No No No No No No No No No No No No the intensification of production systems that leads to land-use changes (e.g., deforestation), higher nutrient inputs leading to soil or water pollution, changes in water regimes (drainage, irrigation)? 13. Decent Work 13.1 Will this project affect the No No No No No No No No No No No No current or future employment situation of the rural poor and the labor productivity, employability, labor conditions, and rights at work of self- employed rural producers and other rural workers? 14. Gender 14.1 Could this project risk No No No No No No No No No No No No overlook existing gender inequalities in access to productive resources, goods, 71 services, markets, decent employment, and decision- making? For example, by not addressing existing discrimination against women and girls, or by not considering the different needs of men and women 15. Community Health, Safety, and Working Conditions 15.1 Are indigenous peoples No No No No No No No No No No No No present in the Project area (including Project area of influence)? 15.2 Is it likely that the Project No No No No No No No No No No No No or portions of the Project will be located on lands and territories claimed by indigenous peoples? 15.3 Would the proposed No No No No No No No No No No No No Project potentially affect the human rights, lands, natural resources, territories, and traditional livelihoods of indigenous peoples? 15.4 Would the Project No No No No No No No No No No No No adversely affect the development priorities of indigenous peoples as defined by them? 72 15.5 Will this project No No No No No No No No No No No No permanently or temporarily remove people from their homes or means of production/livelihood or restrict their access to their means of livelihood? 15.6 Will the project bring No No No No No No No No No No No No about consolidation or adjustment of tenure rights? 15.7 Would elements of Project No No No No No No No No No No No No construction, operation, or decommissioning pose potential safety risks to local communities? 15.8 Would the Project pose Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No potential risks to community health and safety due to transport, storage, construction? 15.9 Would the Project pose No No No No No No No No No No No No potential risks to community health and safety due to the use and/or disposal of hazardous or dangerous materials (e.g., explosives, fuel, and other chemicals during construction and operation)? 15.10 Would failure of No No No No No No No No No No No No structural elements of the 73 Project pose risks to communities? (e.g., the collapse of buildings or infrastructure)? 15.11 Would the Project result No No No No No No No No No No No No in potential increased health risks (e.g., from water-borne or other vector-borne diseases)? 15.12 Does the Project pose Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes potential risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during Project construction, operation, or decommissioning? 15.13 Will the Project activities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes cause any risks for workers during the construction? 15.14 Will the Project need No No No No No No No No No No No No labor influx or pose potential risks related to labor influx? 74 Annex 2 – PWP Environmental and Social Responsiveness (ESR) Criteria at Proposal Stage Note: To be selected and filled according to project type based on PWP baseline study Proposal Title Water Harvesting Reservoirs Subprojects Proposal Ibb, Dhamar, Sa’dah, Al Ghaydah, Raimah, and Socotra Location Governorates Confirmation ESR Criteria at the Proposal Stage Write Yes or No Consultation with the local community including a community leader, Yes men, women, and girls were conducted in the proposal stage regarding the design and location of the project. Their opinions were included in the proposal. Poor and vulnerable beneficiaries were defined, and the community Yes was obliged to provide help for them in the sub-projects implementation. The project will not have a significant adverse environmental and Yes social impact yes The project will not raise land acquisition problems Stakeholders are aware of PWP policy and have agreed to Yes follow/apply them towards a successful implementation of the sub- projects. Yes Targeted beneficiaries are highly in need of this project All communities including (Male, Female, and children) will benefit Yes from the intervention. The operation and maintenance requirements of the project were Yes explained to the community, and an acceptable system was developed for this purpose Responsibility for operation and maintenance are defined and Yes committed Local communities are aware of project risks and GRM. Yes Yes The project will not cause any conflict among communities If the answer to any of the above questions is 'NO' then the project will be dropped at the proposal stage. If the answer is 'Yes' then incorporating this information in the project proposal 75 Annex 3 - PWP Checklist of Expected Environmental and Social Impacts to be Addressed at the Design Stage Project Name Water Harvesting Reservoirs Subprojects Project Location Ibb, Dhamar, Sa’dah, Al Ghaydah, Raimah, and Socotra Governorates Check List of the E&S Issues to be Addressed for construction Confirmation subproject at the Design Stage Write Yes or NO The relevant authorities were consulted on the design and all their Yes observations were taken into consideration. The design of the project will include the ES & OHS monitoring plan Yes The project design will ensure local community participation during Yes implementation. The design and the harvesting reservoirs contractual materials for Yes example stone are in harmony with the surrounding environment and the architectural character of the village. GRM tools have been included in the project document. Yes A safe work plan has been developed to project activities to control risks. OHS measures and Personal Protection Equipment (PPEs), were added Yes to the bidding documents. Temporary latrine and wash hand facilities have been included in the Yes project document. If any of the answers are "No", then the reasons must be stated in the design report. 76 Annex 4. – Public Consultation Reports (Social agreements & consultation attendance sheets) – Arabic Springwater harvesting reservoir for Alribat – Momsi Alribat – Aldakhal - Dhai Assefal 77 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Almanial and Alakilah – Momsi Almanial and Momsi Allafagin - Dhai Assefal 78 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 800 m3 capacity – Alzaih - Bani Suwayd area - Aotma 79 80 Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Jashm- Doran Anais 81 Rehabilitation of Craif Al-Hajra-Baqim 82 Rehabilitation of Karif Alsheikh Algohari - Al-Ghaydah 83 Expansion of Karif Alzwaidi - Al-Ghaydah 84 Springwater harvesting reservoir for Aljubail - east of Houri – Aljobain 85 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 85 m3 capacity – Abtari – Moghabhar -Nujd - Hadibu 86 Rainwater harvesting reservoir 150 m3 capacity – Tara'a - Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury 87 Rainwater harvesting reservoir – Shezab - Hadibu 88 Rainwater harvesting reservoir - Hasalinah – Darkbo - Qulansiyah and Abdulkoury 89 Annex 5 – PWP Complain Handling Mechanism 90 91