BANGLADESH 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 E 2021/22 F INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH GDP growth (annual %) 5.8 5.0 5.6 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.1 6.6 7.1 6.6 7.3 7.9 3.4 6.9 6.4 GDP per capita growth (annual %, real) 4.3 3.9 4.4 5.3 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.4 6.0 5.5 6.2 6.8 2.4 5.9 4.8 GDP per capita (US$, nominal) 819.0 841.4 935.7 1032.1 1057.5 1176.3 1340.6 1495.6 1678.2 1840.3 1992.3 2155.3 2270.5 2497.0 2714.0 Private Consumption growth (annual %) 4.9 2.3 4.6 6.5 4.1 5.1 4.0 5.8 3.0 6.3 9.4 4.9 3.0 8.0 7.9 Gross Investment ( % of nominal GDP) 26.8 26.8 26.8 28.0 28.9 28.9 29.1 29.4 30.2 30.9 31.8 32.2 31.3 31.1 31.2 Gross Investment - Public ( % of nominal GDP)2 5.5 4.2 4.6 5.2 5.7 6.5 6.4 6.7 6.5 7.3 6.9 7.0 7.3 7.3 7.3 MONEY AND PRICES Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, EOP or MRV) 1,3 6.9 8.3 8.2 9.0 7.1 7.3 6.1 6.2 5.1 5.9 5.4 5.8 5.3 5.6 6.2 Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, period average) 3 6.7 7.6 6.8 10.9 8.7 6.8 7.3 6.4 5.9 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.2 ² Broad Money (% of GDP) 33.7 35.1 38.0 40.2 40.9 42.0 43.5 43.4 44.1 43.7 42.1 41.3 43.3 43.9 43.7 Domestic Credit to the Private Sector ( % of GDP)2 24.8 25.8 28.3 31.1 32.3 31.5 31.5 31.6 32.3 33.4 34.4 34.2 34.6 33.7 .. ³ 10 year interest rate (annual average) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Nominal Exchange Rate (local currency per USD) 66.8 68.8 69.2 71.2 79.2 79.9 77.7 77.7 78.3 79.1 82.1 84.0 84.8 84.8 86.2 Real Exchange Rate Index (2015=100) 79.6 71.7 75.0 74.1 74.5 77.1 84.8 100.0 106.4 108.9 106.5 112.0 114.9 117.8 122.3 FISCAL Revenue (% of GDP) 8.2 7.8 8.3 8.7 9.4 9.4 9.1 8.2 8.4 8.7 8.2 8.6 8.5 9.4 9.6 Expenditure (% of GDP) 10.7 10.4 10.6 11.7 12.1 12.1 11.7 11.3 11.5 11.6 12.2 13.3 13.3 13.0 13.7 Interest Payments (% of GDP) 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 Non-Interest Expenditure (% of GDP) 9.3 8.6 9.1 10.3 10.4 10.5 9.9 9.5 9.9 10.1 10.6 11.6 11.4 11.0 11.7 Overall Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -2.5 -2.6 -2.3 -3.0 -2.7 -2.7 -2.6 -3.1 -3.1 -2.9 -4.0 -4.7 -4.8 -3.6 -4.1 Primary Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 -1.6 -1.1 -1.1 -0.8 -1.4 -1.5 -1.4 -2.4 -3.0 -2.9 -1.5 -2.1 General Government Debt (% of GDP) 32.3 30.2 29.4 29.2 29.3 29.0 29.2 27.7 26.1 26.3 27.2 28.5 31.7 32.1 32.8 External Public Debt (% of GDP)2 17.7 17.0 15.5 15.3 14.7 13.9 13.1 11.5 9.9 9.6 10.4 10.4 11.8 12.2 12.7 cheat EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS Export growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 11.7 8.5 7.5 34.5 6.0 10.2 11.9 2.7 9.4 1.8 8.5 14.5 -16.9 14.2 28.4 Import growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 11.3 3.7 5.7 40.6 10.6 1.4 10.7 0.3 5.0 9.3 25.4 4.1 -8.8 18.6 31.7 Merchandise exports (% of GDP) 12.0 12.7 11.8 14.7 15.0 14.8 14.4 13.1 12.6 11.6 11.3 11.3 8.6 8.9 10.4 Merchandise imports (% of GDP) 15.7 16.5 15.5 19.7 20.9 18.7 17.7 16.1 15.1 14.8 16.9 15.8 13.6 14.6 17.9 Services, net (% of GDP) -1.2 -1.3 -0.9 -1.5 -1.9 -1.8 -2.0 -1.4 -1.0 -1.1 -1.3 -0.9 -0.7 -0.7 -0.5 Current account balance (current US$ millions) 920.8 2416.3 3724.7 885.8 -447.0 2388.0 1402.0 2875.0 4262.0 -1331.0 -9567.0 -4489.8 -5434.6 -4575.0 -18302.5 Current account balance (% of GDP) 0.6 2.0 2.7 0.6 -0.3 1.3 0.7 1.2 1.6 -0.5 -3.0 -1.3 -1.5 -1.1 -4.0 Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 External debt, total (% of GDP)2 25.3 24.8 23.0 21.0 21.2 21.0 18.9 18.4 17.4 18.7 19.0 18.9 21.0 .. .. Multilateral debt (% of total external debt)2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt service ratio (% of exports goods and non-factor services) 2 6.9 6.0 5.1 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.9 4.7 4.6 5.5 6.4 12.8 9.9 .. .. See next page for more indicators BANGLADESH 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 E 2021/22 F POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY Population, total (millions) 142.9 145.9 147.6 149.3 151.0 152.8 154.5 156.3 158.0 159.7 161.4 163.0 164.7 166.3 168.7 Population Growth (annual %) 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 Unemployment Rate2 4.1 5.0 3.4 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 5.4 .. .. ⁴ International poverty rate ($1.9 in 2011 PPP) .. .. 19.2 .. .. .. .. .. 14.3 .. 12.9 12.1 12.5 11.9 11.3 ⁴ Lower middle-income poverty rate ($3.2 in 2011 PPP) .. .. 60.0 .. .. .. .. .. 52.3 .. 49.7 48.2 49.0 47.8 46.8 ⁴ Upper middle-income poverty rate ($5.5 in 2011 PPP) .. .. 87.6 .. .. .. .. .. 84.2 .. 83.0 82.3 82.7 82.1 81.6 OTHER GDP (current LCU, millions) 8404616.3 8446152.2 9553826.0 10970839.4 12640434.6 14362065.9 16096060.8 18158003.4 20758213.0 23243073.0 26392478.0 29514288.0 31704693.0 35215831.0 39476711.3 GDP (current US$, millions) 119528.2 122756.4 138090.2 154060.7 159694.8 179685.8 207156.5 233693.7 265111.3 293844.2 321467.5 351407.5 373923.8 415257.4 457966.5 GDP per capita LCU (real) 89146.5 92601.8 96651.8 101729.2 107119.8 112256.9 117705.4 124024.8 131405.3 138574.2 147163.6 157117.2 160913.3 170415.5 178673.6 ⁵ Human Development Index Ranking 136.9 140 140 140 139 141 141 138 135 135 134 133 .. .. .. CPIA (overall rating)2 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 .. .. Economic Management2 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 .. .. Structural Policies2 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 .. .. Policies for Social Inclusion and Equity 2 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 .. .. Public Sector Management and Institutions2 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 .. .. cheat Notes: ".." indicates not available. E = estimate, F = forecast. Data from MFMOD unless otherwise noted 1/ Used latest month available. 2/ World Development Indicators Database and World Bank Staff Estimates 3/ World Bank GEM database; MRV = Most recent value 4/ Calculations based on SAR-POV harmonization, using 2010-HIES and 2016-HIES.Projection using annualized elasticity (2010-2016) with pass-through = 1 based on GDP per capita in constant LCU. Actual data: 2016. Nowcast: 2017-2021. Forecasts are from 2022 to 2024. 5/ The HDI ranking in 2001 is in relation to 175 countries and in 2010 in relation to 169 countries. Methodological enhancements in HDI calculations have resulted in notable improvements in the countries' rankings. Sources: MFMOD Database, World Bank WDI and GEM databases, IMF. BHUTAN 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 E 2021/22 F INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH GDP growth (annual %) 8.0 5.8 9.4 9.9 6.5 3.6 4.0 6.2 7.4 6.3 3.8 4.4 -2.4 -3.7 4.4 GDP per capita growth (annual %, real) 6.5 4.7 8.3 8.6 5.2 2.3 2.7 4.9 6.1 5.1 2.6 3.2 -3.5 -4.8 3.2 GDP per capita (US$, nominal) 1650.4 1745.6 2040.7 2445.7 2525.3 2542.1 2480.7 2711.8 2798.7 3075.5 3325.2 3213.4 3129.6 3069.5 3295.9 Private Consumption growth (annual %) 8.7 0.8 8.3 5.9 1.6 29.4 18.7 0.6 3.8 2.0 9.8 10.3 -0.5 -3.5 4.0 Gross Investment ( % of nominal GDP) 54.8 45.2 55.6 66.4 69.6 58.1 51.5 55.4 56.2 54.2 49.6 42.2 35.7 30.2 34.4 Gross Investment - Public ( % of nominal GDP)2 13.3 12.5 14.7 15.8 16.1 14.5 11.3 10.0 11.4 13.1 12.4 9.5 9.3 11.5 12.3 MONEY AND PRICES Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, EOP or MRV) 1,3 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3 11.8 6.3 3.4 7.0 1.2 .. .. .. .. .. Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, period average) 3 6.4 7.1 4.8 8.6 10.1 8.1 9.6 6.7 3.3 4.3 3.7 2.8 3.0 8.2 7.3 Broad Money (% of GDP)² 60.1 55.4 61.0 65.9 56.3 60.0 57.8 55.8 57.9 68.4 70.3 70.2 82.8 98.8 95.9 Domestic Credit to the Private Sector ( % of GDP) 2 29.0 33.2 42.5 47.9 46.8 46.7 45.0 46.4 48.2 51.3 58.1 64.3 71.7 .. .. ³ 10 year interest rate (annual average) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Nominal Exchange Rate (local currency per USD) 48.4 47.8 46.7 45.3 50.3 54.9 61.5 62.0 66.4 66.4 65.2 70.5 72.5 73.7 74.2 Real Exchange Rate Index (2015=100) 98.9 106.9 101.4 100.7 96.0 97.6 89.7 100.0 97.9 97.0 108.1 98.4 100.8 96.3 98.1 FISCAL Revenue (% of GDP) 36.4 41.4 47.5 36.7 36.7 31.0 34.5 29.6 30.7 28.0 31.9 24.3 31.2 33.8 28.9 Expenditure (% of GDP) 39.4 42.3 45.4 40.0 39.0 36.0 31.8 30.1 33.3 32.8 33.5 25.9 33.1 40.1 39.0 Interest Payments (% of GDP) 1.8 3.1 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.7 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.5 1.1 1.8 Non-Interest Expenditure (% of GDP) 37.6 39.2 42.7 37.7 36.9 33.3 29.9 28.5 31.7 31.5 32.2 25.0 32.6 39.0 37.2 Overall Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -3.0 -0.9 2.1 -3.4 -2.3 -5.0 2.7 -0.5 -2.5 -4.8 -1.6 -1.6 -1.9 -6.3 -10.1 Primary Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -1.2 2.2 4.8 -1.0 -0.2 -2.4 4.6 1.1 -1.0 -3.5 -0.3 -0.7 -1.5 -5.3 -8.3 General Government Debt (% of GDP) 75.5 65.7 61.0 69.1 79.3 102.3 98.8 98.6 117.4 111.8 113.4 106.5 123.0 134.9 134.6 External Public Debt (% of GDP)2 75.9 63.5 59.4 68.0 78.1 95.9 96.2 96.9 114.0 105.2 108.4 103.6 121.9 .. .. cheat EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS Export growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 13.6 -13.4 4.9 25.9 -3.8 -6.9 -1.5 7.0 -9.2 11.6 10.9 -1.9 0.8 -5.3 9.4 Import growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 14.2 -10.8 36.9 39.3 -7.2 -9.4 1.6 8.4 2.7 -0.3 1.0 -1.2 -10.9 -6.2 13.3 Merchandise exports (% of GDP) 33.2 43.0 37.5 39.2 34.8 30.2 30.0 29.4 24.0 24.2 24.0 24.8 26.9 30.1 29.2 Merchandise imports (% of GDP) 50.3 49.3 56.8 66.3 57.1 50.7 51.7 51.2 49.9 44.7 40.6 41.2 36.9 37.2 38.6 Services, net (% of GDP) -4.3 -3.6 -5.1 -5.6 -5.3 -3.0 -3.7 -3.5 -2.9 -2.1 -1.4 -2.1 -2.9 -4.8 -4.2 Current account balance (current US$ millions) -247.7 -76.0 -318.6 -516.9 -388.5 -462.8 -483.6 -550.9 -623.5 -540.8 -461.7 -502.3 -300.6 -282.1 -295.5 Current account balance (% of GDP) -15.2 -6.4 -22.8 -30.5 -21.9 -25.6 -27.1 -27.9 -30.2 -23.6 -18.4 -20.5 -12.4 -11.8 -11.4 Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 1.6 1.5 4.9 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.3 0.3 0.6 -1.1 0.3 0.5 -0.1 .. .. External debt, total (% of GDP)2 74.5 63.7 60.4 60.2 81.4 87.0 96.5 100.4 106.1 106.4 104.3 106.6 123.9 .. .. Multilateral debt (% of total external debt) 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt service ratio (% of exports goods and non-factor services) 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. See next page for more indicators BHUTAN 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 E 2021/22 F POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY Population, total (millions) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Population Growth (annual %) 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Unemployment Rate2 2.7 4.0 3.3 3.2 2.0 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.6 .. .. ⁴ International poverty rate ($1.9 in 2011 PPP) .. .. .. .. 2.2 .. .. .. .. 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.5 ⁴ Lower middle-income poverty rate ($3.2 in 2011 PPP) .. .. .. .. 14.7 .. .. .. .. 12.2 11.6 11.0 11.6 12.6 11.9 ⁴ Upper middle-income poverty rate ($5.5 in 2011 PPP) .. .. .. .. 44.3 .. .. .. .. 38.9 38.1 37.0 38.1 39.7 38.6 OTHER GDP (current LCU, millions) 56409.9 56574.5 65257.8 76860.4 89062.3 99048.2 109649.3 122461.6 136803.7 152322.3 163455.8 172950.9 175067.3 176670.9 193091.7 GDP (current US$, millions) 1124.7 1184.1 1398.9 1695.6 1771.7 1805.5 1783.8 1973.9 2061.8 2293.0 2508.5 2452.2 2415.7 2396.6 2603.0 GDP per capita LCU (real) 53033.8 56900.7 61616.0 66925.2 70430.7 72065.2 74005.5 77655.5 82409.9 86578.6 88846.6 91720.9 88515.5 84243.1 86968.5 Human Development Index Ranking⁵ 134.6 136 137 136 134 131 130 129 129 129 129 129 .. .. .. CPIA (overall rating)2 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 .. .. Economic Management2 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 .. .. Structural Policies2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 .. .. Policies for Social Inclusion and Equity 2 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 .. .. Public Sector Management and Institutions 2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 .. .. cheat Notes: ".." indicates not available. E = estimate, F = forecast. Data from MFMOD unless otherwise noted 1/ Used latest month available. 2/ World Development Indicators Database and World Bank Staff Estimates 3/ World Bank GEM database; MRV = Most recent value 4/ Calculations based on SAR-POV harmonization, using 2007-BLSS, 2019-, and 2017-BLSS.Projection using average elasticity (2007-2019) with pass-through = 1 based on GDP per capita in constant LCU. Actual data: 2017. Nowcast: 2018-2021. Forecasts are from 2022 to 2024. 5/ The HDI ranking in 2001 is in relation to 175 countries and in 2010 in relation to 169 countries. Methodological enhancements in HDI calculations have resulted in notable improvements in the countries' rankings. Sources: MFMOD Database, World Bank WDI and GEM databases, IMF. INDIA 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 E 2022/ F INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH GDP growth (annual %) 6.5 7.9 8.5 5.2 5.5 6.4 7.4 8.0 8.3 6.8 6.5 3.7 -6.6 8.3 8.0 GDP per capita growth (annual %, real) 5.0 6.4 7.0 3.9 4.2 5.1 6.2 6.8 7.1 5.7 5.4 2.7 -7.5 7.2 7.0 GDP per capita (US$, nominal) 1004.9 1102.0 1357.6 1458.1 1443.9 1449.7 1574.0 1605.8 1732.1 1980.9 1999.2 2072.8 1933.7 2214.3 2437.0 Private Consumption growth (annual %) 5.9 5.0 6.7 7.4 5.5 7.3 6.4 7.9 8.1 6.2 7.1 5.2 -6.0 7.9 8.1 Gross Investment ( % of nominal GDP) 31.6 34.0 33.2 34.3 33.4 31.3 30.1 28.7 28.2 28.2 29.5 28.6 26.6 27.0 27.7 Gross Investment - Public ( % of nominal GDP)2 7.5 8.6 8.0 7.3 7.0 7.1 7.0 7.5 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.9 7.5 7.1 6.7 MONEY AND PRICES Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, EOP or MRV)1,3 6.7 14.9 8.8 9.0 9.4 8.2 5.3 4.8 3.9 4.3 2.9 5.8 5.5 5.3 6.0 Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, period average)3 6.7 13.2 11.0 10.8 9.9 9.4 5.9 4.9 4.5 3.6 3.4 4.8 6.2 5.5 5.5 M2 ( % of GDP)² .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Domestic Credit to the Private Sector ( % of GDP)2 43.4 48.1 50.6 51.3 51.9 52.4 51.9 51.9 49.1 48.8 50.4 50.1 54.8 .. .. 10 year interest rate (annual average)³ 7.8 6.8 7.8 8.3 8.3 8.1 8.6 7.8 7.2 6.7 7.7 6.9 6.1 6.2 6.7 Nominal Exchange Rate (local currency per USD) 49.4 47.4 45.6 47.9 54.4 60.5 61.1 65.5 67.1 64.4 69.9 70.9 74.2 75.0 76.5 Real Exchange Rate Index (2015=100) 98.5 97.6 105.8 102.2 96.9 91.9 95.2 100.0 102.5 108.6 101.9 105.4 106.0 110.6 112.0 FISCAL Revenue (% of GDP) 20.1 19.6 21.1 19.9 20.2 20.0 19.6 20.4 20.8 20.6 20.8 19.7 19.6 17.9 18.0 Expenditure (% of GDP) 27.6 29.1 28.1 27.7 27.1 26.7 26.3 27.3 27.7 26.4 26.7 27.0 32.9 28.9 27.6 Interest Payments (% of GDP) 5.3 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.5 5.6 5.7 Non-Interest Expenditure (% of GDP) 22.3 24.2 23.5 23.1 22.5 22.0 21.7 22.6 23.0 21.7 21.9 22.2 27.5 23.3 21.8 Overall Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -7.5 -9.5 -7.0 -7.8 -6.9 -6.7 -6.7 -6.9 -6.9 -5.8 -5.8 -7.2 -13.3 -10.9 -9.6 Primary Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -2.2 -4.6 -2.4 -3.3 -2.3 -1.9 -2.0 -2.2 -2.2 -1.1 -1.1 -2.5 -7.8 -5.4 -3.8 General Government Debt (% of GDP) 74.1 71.8 66.9 67.4 66.7 67.1 66.6 68.5 68.8 69.8 68.6 73.7 88.6 86.9 86.5 External Public Debt (% of GDP)2 5.1 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.3 cheat EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS Export growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 14.7 -5.8 37.5 17.9 0.3 4.0 0.9 -11.4 5.6 13.4 8.2 -2.1 -5.9 26.5 9.4 Import growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 14.3 -0.1 28.8 24.2 1.1 -6.5 -0.3 -11.4 1.5 20.1 9.7 -5.8 -14.9 38.4 9.2 Merchandise exports (% of GDP) 13.5 13.6 15.0 17.0 16.8 17.2 15.5 12.7 12.2 11.7 12.5 11.3 11.1 12.0 11.8 Merchandise imports (% of GDP) 20.0 22.4 22.7 27.4 27.5 25.1 22.6 18.8 17.1 17.7 19.1 16.9 14.9 16.8 16.6 Services, net (% of GDP) 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.3 2.2 2.4 Current account balance (current US$ millions) -23498.8 -38435.0 -45961.4 -78180.3 -87843.2 -32256.8 -26789.0 -22087.8 -14350.0 -48661.1 -57180.4 -24550.1 24010.9 -36642.9 -85197.1 Current account balance (% of GDP) -1.3 -2.9 -2.7 -4.3 -4.8 -1.7 -1.3 -1.0 -0.6 -1.8 -2.1 -0.9 0.9 -1.2 -2.5 Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 1.0 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 External debt, total (% of GDP)2 19.5 19.1 17.3 18.3 21.5 23.0 22.4 22.8 19.8 19.3 19.3 19.5 21.2 .. .. Multilateral debt (% of total external debt)2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt service ratio (% of exports goods and non-factor services)2 13.3 6.0 6.8 6.4 6.7 8.1 18.6 11.2 17.3 10.1 11.4 9.0 15.0 .. .. See next page for more indicators INDIA 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 E 2022/ F POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY Population, total (millions) 1188.6 1217.7 1234.3 1250.3 1265.8 1280.8 1295.6 1310.2 1324.5 1338.7 1352.6 1366.4 1380.0 1393.4 1406.6 Population Growth (annual %) 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 Unemployment Rate2 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 8.0 .. .. OTHER GDP (current LCU, millions) 63362967.4 63664065.0 76344721.0 87363287.0 99440131.0 112335216.1 124679592.9 137718738.8 153916690.2 170900423.6 188996684.4 200748557.9 198009138.2 231402075.0 262237282.0 GDP (current US$, millions) 1226722.6 1341991.3 1675696.2 1823107.0 1827607.6 1856780.4 2039247.5 2103826.7 2294196.0 2651781.2 2704245.0 2832268.1 2668549.5 3085361.0 3427938.3 GDP per capita LCU (real) 60082.5 62830.9 67255.6 69874.5 72785.3 76522.9 81257.1 86779.9 92925.9 98190.9 103448.7 106233.7 98249.5 105345.2 112744.5 Human Development Index Ranking⁴ 132.1 135 135 135 134 134 132 131 130 131 131 131 .. .. .. CPIA (overall rating)2 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Economic Management2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Structural Policies2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Policies for Social Inclusion and Equity2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Public Sector Management and Institutions2 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. cheat Notes: ".." indicates not available. E = estimate, F = forecast. Data from MFMOD unless otherwise noted 1/ Used latest month available. 2/ World Development Indicators Database and World Bank Staff Estimates 3/ World Bank GEM database; MRV = Most recent value 4/ The HDI ranking in 2001 is in relation to 175 countries and in 2010 in relation to 169 countries. Methodological enhancements in HDI calculations have resulted in notable improvements in the countries' rankings. Sources: MFMOD Database, World Bank WDI and GEM databases, IMF. MALDIVES 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 E 2022 F INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH GDP growth (annual %) 5.4 -7.2 7.3 8.6 2.5 7.3 7.3 2.9 6.3 7.2 8.1 6.9 -33.5 31.0 7.6 GDP per capita growth (annual %, real) 2.1 -9.8 3.6 4.4 -1.8 2.5 2.5 -1.6 1.7 2.7 4.1 3.8 -34.7 30.1 8.2 GDP per capita (US$, nominal) 5628.2 6636.5 7076.7 7291.5 7265.7 7906.2 8488.5 9007.8 9220.5 9563.1 10266.3 10563.0 6911.2 8977.8 9738.8 MONEY AND PRICES Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, EOP or MRV)1,3 4.5 5.3 6.7 16.4 5.0 3.3 0.6 0.9 2.3 1.2 -1.0 1.3 -1.3 .. .. Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, period average) 3 2.2 4.5 6.1 11.3 10.9 3.8 -25.4 1.0 0.5 2.8 -0.1 0.2 -1.4 0.5 3.5 ² M2 ( % of GDP) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Domestic Credit to the Private Sector ( % of GDP)2 40.4 53.8 47.7 42.4 35.1 31.2 29.0 29.2 30.6 31.6 31.6 32.2 52.9 .. .. ³ 10 year interest rate (annual average) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Nominal Exchange Rate (local currency per USD) 13.5 12.8 12.8 14.6 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 Real Exchange Rate Index (2015=100) 79.1 81.1 83.7 77.6 80.9 85.0 88.5 100.0 100.6 100.6 97.0 99.4 96.7 98.0 98.2 FISCAL Revenue (% of GDP) 25.4 20.6 22.5 24.3 22.9 23.5 26.7 27.4 27.6 27.7 27.2 26.9 26.8 25.8 28.1 Expenditure (% of GDP) 31.8 37.1 33.2 31.3 29.8 27.0 29.1 34.0 37.6 30.8 32.5 33.6 50.3 43.4 44.1 Interest Payments (% of GDP) 1.5 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.5 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.8 3.7 5.1 Non-Interest Expenditure (% of GDP) 30.3 35.0 31.2 29.5 27.3 25.1 27.4 31.8 35.8 29.3 30.7 31.8 47.5 39.8 39.0 Overall Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -6.4 -16.5 -10.7 -7.0 -6.9 -3.5 -2.4 -6.5 -10.0 -3.1 -5.3 -6.7 -23.5 -17.7 -16.0 Primary Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -4.9 -14.5 -8.7 -5.2 -4.4 -1.6 -0.7 -4.4 -8.2 -1.6 -3.5 -4.9 -20.8 -14.0 -10.9 General Government Debt (% of GDP) 46.0 48.4 52.7 51.9 57.1 56.6 57.1 55.0 64.4 64.4 73.9 78.8 146.1 128.8 130.9 External Public Debt (% of GDP)2 23.3 23.1 24.3 25.6 25.0 22.7 20.0 16.9 20.8 24.1 37.9 40.3 66.6 58.7 59.7 cheat EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS Export growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 17.2 -13.1 17.2 21.8 1.7 17.0 13.5 -4.7 0.1 5.4 8.0 4.4 -52.2 96.9 15.4 Import growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 13.6 -28.7 14.4 35.7 -6.6 11.8 14.8 0.5 15.5 9.5 17.1 -0.3 -40.1 58.9 14.2 Merchandise exports (% of GDP) 12.0 7.2 7.6 12.5 10.9 10.1 8.1 5.9 5.8 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.9 4.3 4.7 Merchandise imports (% of GDP) 51.9 46.1 48.0 61.9 54.6 51.8 53.1 46.2 47.8 46.9 52.2 49.1 45.7 49.0 52.3 Services, net (% of GDP) 42.5 48.8 52.5 54.7 55.5 57.2 59.7 49.6 40.8 36.4 36.0 36.4 21.1 37.0 40.3 Current account balance (current US$ millions) -205.4 -220.8 -196.2 -383.5 -184.5 -127.4 -117.8 -301.7 -1032.5 -1026.6 -1502.7 -1490.7 -1327.4 -1062.1 -1222.8 Current account balance (% of GDP) -10.5 -9.4 -7.6 -13.8 -6.4 -3.9 -3.2 -7.4 -23.5 -21.6 -28.4 -26.6 -35.5 -21.7 -23.2 Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 6.6 6.7 8.4 15.3 7.9 11.0 9.0 7.3 10.4 9.6 10.9 17.1 11.8 .. .. External debt, total (% of GDP)2 34.2 59.0 35.4 31.8 32.6 31.3 29.9 24.5 27.9 31.9 44.1 47.8 89.6 .. .. Multilateral debt (% of total external debt)2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt service ratio (% of exports goods and non-factor services) 2 4.5 5.7 4.0 3.6 3.4 4.2 5.4 4.4 4.6 5.0 12.3 12.2 15.9 .. .. See next page for more indicators MALDIVES 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 E 2022 F POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY Population, total (millions) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Population Growth (annual %) 3.2 2.9 3.5 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 3.9 3.0 1.8 0.6 -0.6 Unemployment Rate2 7.8 11.7 11.3 10.5 9.5 8.7 7.9 6.9 6.1 5.9 5.6 5.3 6.3 .. .. Upper middle-income poverty rate ($5.5 in 2011 PPP)⁴ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.4 .. .. 1.7 10.9 4.0 2.5 OTHER GDP (current LCU, millions) 29084.4 30019.8 33128.7 40511.1 44345.4 50633.5 56866.7 63146.7 67300.3 73152.5 81586.1 86258.6 57568.7 75167.4 81089.3 GDP (current US$, millions) 2076.2 2345.3 2588.2 2774.4 2886.2 3285.8 3692.6 4097.8 4384.4 4747.1 5294.4 5608.5 3735.8 4883.9 5268.7 GDP per capita LCU (real) 115314.4 117059.7 121327.9 126611.0 124329.0 127488.7 130722.7 128611.3 130840.8 134370.3 139846.4 145179.0 94832.3 123405.6 133542.3 Human Development Index Ranking⁵ 104.8 108 107 106 104 104 103 102 102 100 98 95 .. .. .. CPIA (overall rating)2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 .. .. Economic Management2 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.5 .. .. Structural Policies2 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 .. .. Policies for Social Inclusion and Equity2 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 .. .. Public Sector Management and Institutions2 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 .. .. cheat Notes: ".." indicates not available. E = estimate, F = forecast. Data from MFMOD unless otherwise noted 1/ Used latest month available. 2/ World Development Indicators Database and World Bank Staff Estimates 3/ World Bank GEM database; MRV = Most recent value 4/ Calculations based on SAR-POV harmonization, using 2019-HIES.Projection using neutral distribution (2019) with pass-through = 0.87 based on GDP per capita in constant LCU. Actual data: 2019. Nowcast: 2020-2021. Forecasts are from 2022 to 2024. 5/ The HDI ranking in 2001 is in relation to 175 countries and in 2010 in relation to 169 countries. Methodological enhancements in HDI calculations have resulted in notable improvements in the countries' rankings. Sources: MFMOD Database, World Bank WDI and GEM databases, IMF. NEPAL 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 E 2022 F INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH GDP growth (annual %) 4.5 .. .. .. 4.4 3.5 6.0 4.0 0.4 9.0 7.6 6.7 -2.1 1.8 3.7 GDP per capita growth (annual %, real) 4.5 .. .. .. 4.6 3.8 6.1 3.6 -0.5 7.5 5.8 4.7 -3.9 0.0 1.8 GDP per capita (US$, nominal) 834.7 .. .. 799.6 804.1 823.4 844.9 901.7 899.5 1048.6 1178.5 1195.0 1155.1 1182.0 1269.6 Private Consumption growth (annual %) 2.8 .. .. .. 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.6 4.2 0.8 6.2 8.1 3.6 2.4 2.1 Gross Investment ( % of nominal GDP) 25.1 .. .. 23.9 24.0 24.7 25.3 27.6 28.7 30.6 32.4 33.8 28.4 28.0 28.5 Gross Investment - Public ( % of nominal GDP)2 7.0 .. .. 8.6 7.9 6.3 6.7 5.4 10.7 12.5 9.9 8.3 7.7 8.8 8.7 MONEY AND PRICES Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, EOP or MRV)1,3 7.1 10.3 9.4 7.4 10.1 10.1 6.8 11.4 3.8 4.2 3.7 6.6 4.5 .. .. Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, period average)3 4.5 12.6 9.6 9.6 8.3 9.8 9.1 7.2 9.9 4.5 4.1 4.6 6.1 3.4 6.0 ² Broad Money (% of GDP) 67.7 .. .. 59.0 64.3 67.5 70.1 77.5 86.1 84.2 89.5 92.8 108.1 124.0 138.0 Domestic Credit to the Private Sector ( % of GDP)2 51.4 .. .. 46.3 48.8 50.5 54.5 56.9 69.8 68.6 76.3 78.9 87.9 .. .. ³ 10 year interest rate (annual average) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Nominal Exchange Rate (local currency per USD) 77.6 76.9 74.5 72.3 81.0 88.0 98.2 99.5 106.4 106.2 104.4 112.9 116.3 117.9 117.9 Real Exchange Rate Index (2015=100) 90.9 80.7 84.1 93.3 92.5 95.3 90.3 100.0 101.7 100.1 107.5 100.9 105.8 108.2 113.6 FISCAL Revenue (% of GDP) 17.2 .. .. 15.6 16.2 17.1 18.4 18.6 20.1 20.9 22.2 22.4 22.1 24.2 25.9 Expenditure (% of GDP) 16.6 .. .. 16.5 16.8 15.5 16.6 17.7 18.9 23.6 28.0 27.3 27.4 28.7 29.6 Interest Payments (% of GDP) 0.7 .. .. 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 Non-Interest Expenditure (% of GDP) 15.9 .. .. 15.7 15.9 14.8 16.0 17.3 18.6 23.3 27.5 26.8 26.8 27.9 28.6 Overall Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) 0.6 .. .. -0.8 -0.5 1.6 1.8 0.9 1.2 -2.7 -5.8 -5.0 -5.3 -4.6 -3.7 Primary Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) 1.2 .. .. 0.0 0.3 2.3 2.4 1.3 1.5 -2.4 -5.4 -4.5 -4.7 -3.7 -2.8 General Government Debt (% of GDP) 26.7 .. .. 28.4 29.8 28.0 24.8 22.5 24.1 22.7 26.5 27.2 36.3 41.8 43.1 External Public Debt (% of GDP)2 16.2 .. .. 16.6 17.6 17.1 15.5 14.2 14.9 13.5 15.2 15.4 20.6 22.4 22.4 cheat EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS Export growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 5.5 -0.4 -3.9 9.8 12.8 8.5 11.7 8.1 -19.4 12.8 14.3 2.8 -14.5 -16.9 35.2 Import growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 12.2 6.8 30.7 6.9 1.7 14.0 12.9 8.9 -6.3 28.2 26.1 5.4 -19.5 22.8 18.0 Merchandise exports (% of GDP) 4.4 .. .. 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.1 2.9 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.8 3.5 4.5 Merchandise imports (% of GDP) 28.3 .. .. 24.9 25.9 28.1 31.2 31.4 29.0 31.8 35.6 36.2 29.9 36.3 39.8 Services, net (% of GDP) 0.5 .. .. -0.6 0.8 0.4 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -1.7 -1.1 Current account balance (current US$ millions) 347.4 539.0 -377.5 -179.0 937.8 648.8 913.5 1088.8 1320.4 -95.3 -2364.8 -2350.8 -289.0 -2826.2 -4561.8 Current account balance (% of GDP) 3.0 .. .. -0.8 4.3 2.9 4.0 4.5 5.4 -0.3 -7.1 -6.9 -0.9 -8.1 -11.9 Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 0.3 .. .. 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.4 .. .. External debt, total (% of GDP)2 17.6 .. .. 17.7 17.6 18.1 17.5 17.0 17.5 17.1 16.6 19.1 23.5 .. .. Multilateral debt (% of total external debt)2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt service ratio (% of exports goods and non-factor services)2 9.2 10.1 10.6 9.2 10.3 8.8 8.1 8.4 9.3 8.5 7.2 8.3 12.1 .. .. See next page for more indicators NEPAL 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 E 2022 F POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY Population, total (millions) 26.1 26.9 27.0 27.0 27.0 26.9 26.9 27.0 27.3 27.6 28.1 28.6 29.1 29.7 30.2 Population Growth (annual %) 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 Unemployment Rate2 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.1 4.7 .. .. OTHER GDP (current LCU, millions) 1985303.7 .. .. 1562681.0 1758379.2 1949294.8 2232525.3 2423638.5 2608181.5 3077137.7 3455950.8 3858930.7 3914702.0 4134610.4 4523408.5 GDP (current US$, millions) 22515.9 .. .. 21621.7 21703.1 22162.2 22731.6 24360.8 24524.1 28974.9 33111.5 34186.2 33657.2 35075.9 38374.3 GDP per capita LCU (real) 63307.5 .. .. 57788.8 60470.2 62770.2 66570.4 68937.8 68605.5 73765.3 78079.8 81784.3 78625.0 78588.6 80010.7 ⁴ Human Development Index Ranking 142.8 143 144 144 143 143 142 142 143 143 143 142 .. .. .. CPIA (overall rating) 2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 .. .. Economic Management2 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 .. .. Structural Policies2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7 .. .. Policies for Social Inclusion and Equity2 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 .. .. Public Sector Management and Institutions2 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 .. .. cheat Notes: ".." indicates not available. E = estimate, F = forecast. Data from MFMOD unless otherwise noted 1/ Used latest month available. 2/ World Development Indicators Database and World Bank Staff Estimates 3/ World Bank GEM database; MRV = Most recent value 4/ The HDI ranking in 2001 is in relation to 175 countries and in 2010 in relation to 169 countries. Methodological enhancements in HDI calculations have resulted in notable improvements in the countries' rankings. Sources: MFMOD Database, World Bank WDI and GEM databases, IMF. PAKISTAN 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 E 2021/22 F INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH GDP growth (annual %) 4.2 2.8 1.6 2.7 3.5 4.4 4.7 4.7 5.5 4.4 6.2 2.5 -1.3 6.0 4.3 GDP per capita growth (annual %, real) 1.9 0.6 -0.6 0.6 1.3 2.2 2.5 2.6 3.3 2.3 4.0 0.4 -3.3 4.0 2.4 GDP per capita (US$, nominal) 1024.1 1076.4 1111.3 1311.2 1348.5 1360.6 1408.2 1527.0 1540.2 1631.6 1678.1 1481.8 1359.5 1534.3 1627.0 Private Consumption growth (annual %) 3.8 -0.7 2.4 4.4 4.7 2.3 5.4 2.8 7.6 6.9 7.2 5.6 -3.1 6.3 5.5 Gross Investment ( % of nominal GDP) 15.3 16.1 14.4 12.7 13.6 13.5 13.2 14.3 14.2 14.6 15.4 13.8 13.3 12.8 13.0 Gross Investment - Public ( % of nominal GDP)2 3.6 3.9 3.4 2.9 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.4 3.4 4.1 4.6 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.8 MONEY AND PRICES Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, EOP or MRV)1,3 8.4 8.8 15.4 9.7 7.8 9.1 4.2 3.1 4.3 5.5 5.2 12.5 7.8 12.2 12.2 Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, period average)3 8.0 17.0 10.1 13.7 11.0 7.4 8.6 4.5 2.9 4.8 4.7 6.8 10.7 8.9 10.7 Broad Money (% of GDP)² 36.4 34.6 34.5 32.5 33.9 35.2 35.2 36.5 39.2 41.0 40.8 40.6 44.0 43.1 45.1 Domestic Credit to the Private Sector ( % of GDP)2 21.5 22.7 21.4 18.1 16.9 16.1 15.6 15.4 16.5 17.1 18.8 18.0 17.2 .. .. 10 year interest rate (annual average)³ 10.8 12.9 13.1 13.6 12.5 12.0 12.7 9.8 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Nominal Exchange Rate (local currency per USD) 73.0 78.6 83.9 85.6 89.3 96.8 103.0 101.4 104.3 104.8 110.0 136.5 158.2 160.2 171.5 Real Exchange Rate Index (2015=100) 88.5 82.2 81.5 89.5 90.5 88.0 87.4 100.0 97.5 99.4 96.4 84.6 79.4 84.2 88.7 FISCAL Revenue (% of GDP) 12.1 12.7 12.7 11.2 11.5 12.0 13.5 12.8 13.7 14.0 13.4 11.3 13.3 12.5 13.3 Expenditure (% of GDP) 16.3 17.0 18.0 16.8 17.4 19.1 17.7 17.4 17.7 19.1 19.1 19.1 20.3 18.6 19.5 Interest Payments (% of GDP) 3.7 4.3 3.8 3.4 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.8 5.5 5.0 4.8 Non-Interest Expenditure (% of GDP) 12.7 12.7 14.1 13.4 13.5 15.2 13.7 13.2 13.9 15.3 15.3 14.3 14.8 13.6 14.7 Overall Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -4.3 -4.4 -5.3 -5.6 -5.9 -7.2 -4.2 -4.6 -4.0 -5.2 -5.7 -7.8 -7.0 -6.1 -6.2 Primary Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -0.6 -0.1 -1.4 -2.2 -2.0 -3.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -1.4 -1.8 -3.0 -1.5 -1.1 -1.4 Public Debt (% of GDP) 57.1 52.0 57.4 55.0 58.5 59.1 58.4 58.4 62.5 63.2 67.1 78.0 81.1 76.0 76.0 External General Government Debt (% of GDP) 25.1 26.0 26.0 23.1 22.3 18.9 17.9 16.8 18.5 18.4 21.4 26.1 27.2 24.4 29.1 cheat EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS Export growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 8.2 -3.3 7.2 25.0 -4.4 6.0 -3.5 -1.5 -8.5 1.8 9.7 -1.3 -7.4 12.7 17.3 Import growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 9.5 -13.7 -2.8 14.3 11.7 -0.5 2.5 1.1 -0.2 16.9 16.0 -7.6 -16.6 17.7 33.0 Merchandise exports (% of GDP) 9.9 10.1 9.9 10.6 9.8 9.5 9.1 7.9 7.0 6.5 7.0 7.6 7.5 7.4 8.1 Merchandise imports (% of GDP) 14.1 16.8 15.6 14.9 16.0 15.4 15.2 13.6 13.1 14.2 15.6 16.2 14.5 15.6 19.4 Services, net (% of GDP) -1.8 -1.8 -0.9 -0.8 -1.3 -0.6 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.4 -1.8 -1.5 -1.1 -0.6 -0.8 Current account balance (current US$ millions) -3652.8 -9260.5 -3946.4 214.0 -4658.0 -2496.0 -3130.0 -2815.0 -4961.0 -12270.0 -19195.0 -13434.0 -4449.0 -1925.7 -16382.7 Current account balance (% of GDP) -1.7 -4.9 -2.0 0.1 -1.8 -1.0 -1.1 -0.9 -1.6 -3.6 -5.4 -4.2 -1.5 -0.6 -4.4 Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 1.1 2.0 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 See next page for more indicators PAKISTAN 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 E 2021/22 F POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY Population, total (millions) 170.2 175.5 179.4 183.3 187.3 191.3 195.3 199.4 203.6 207.9 212.2 216.6 220.9 225.2 229.5 Population Growth (annual %) 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 Unemployment Rate2 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.8 3.0 1.8 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.5 4.3 .. .. International poverty rate ($1.9 in 2011 PPP)⁴ .. .. 7.4 7.2 .. 5.7 .. 3.8 .. .. 3.6 4.3 3.4 3.0 2.7 Lower middle-income poverty rate ($3.2 in 2011 PPP)⁴ .. .. 47.1 46.5 .. 39.5 .. 35.5 .. .. 34.4 37.0 34.0 32.1 30.7 Upper middle-income poverty rate ($5.5 in 2011 PPP)⁴ .. .. 85.1 83.9 .. 80.4 .. 76.4 .. .. 77.6 79.0 77.3 76.3 75.3 OTHER GDP (current LCU, millions) 14207982.8 14856462.7 16733020.8 20570399.8 22562628.1 25195383.4 28327857.1 30887522.1 32725049.0 35552820.0 39189810.0 43798401.0 47521525.0 55356471.9 64022052.0 GDP (current US$, millions) 179452.7 188941.4 199392.5 240392.7 252547.9 260229.1 275027.7 304520.6 313638.6 339212.1 356141.5 320914.4 300306.3 345522.1 373384.0 GDP per capita LCU (real) 137204.5 142858.7 141999.7 142786.4 144684.7 147902.1 151610.2 155501.3 160707.3 164380.0 170938.6 171699.3 166097.8 172744.4 176814.8 Human Development Index Ranking⁵ 147.9 151 152 153 155 156 156 155 154 154 154 154 .. .. .. CPIA (overall rating)2 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 .. .. Economic Management2 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.2 .. .. Structural Policies2 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 .. .. Policies for Social Inclusion and Equity2 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 .. .. Public Sector Management and Institutions2 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 .. .. cheat Notes: ".." indicates not available. E = estimate, F = forecast. Data from MFMOD unless otherwise noted 1/ Used latest month available. 2/ World Development Indicators Database and World Bank Staff Estimates 3/ World Bank GEM database; MRV = Most recent value 4/ Calculations based on SAR-POV harmonization, using 2018-HIES.Projection using neutral distribution (2018) with pass-through = 0.87 based on GDP per capita in constant LCU. Actual data: 2018. Nowcast: 2019-2021. Forecasts are from 2022 to 2024. 5/ The HDI ranking in 2001 is in relation to 175 countries and in 2010 in relation to 169 countries. Methodological enhancements in HDI calculations have resulted in notable improvements in the countries' rankings. Sources: MFMOD Database, World Bank WDI and GEM databases, IMF. SRI LANKA 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 E 2022 F INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH GDP growth (annual %) 5.6 3.5 8.0 8.4 9.1 3.4 5.0 5.0 4.5 3.6 3.3 2.3 -3.6 3.5 2.4 GDP per capita growth (annual %, real) 4.8 2.8 7.3 7.7 9.0 2.6 4.0 4.0 3.3 2.4 2.2 1.6 -4.1 3.0 2.0 GDP per capita (US$, nominal) 2105.3 2090.4 2799.6 3200.9 3350.5 3610.3 3819.3 3843.8 3886.3 4076.8 4058.8 3851.6 3682.0 3750.2 3337.3 Private Consumption growth (annual %) 5.3 0.9 9.2 9.9 2.3 7.8 3.7 7.5 7.4 3.6 4.0 3.0 -3.0 3.6 2.3 Gross Investment ( % of nominal GDP) 25.1 23.7 24.5 28.2 29.9 30.1 28.2 26.0 27.5 27.4 27.1 27.4 25.7 27.3 29.1 Gross Investment - Public ( % of nominal GDP)2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. MONEY AND PRICES Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, EOP or MRV)1,3 8.5 5.0 6.8 4.8 9.1 4.6 2.0 2.7 4.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, period average)3 8.7 3.5 6.2 6.7 7.5 6.9 3.3 0.9 4.0 6.6 4.3 4.3 4.6 6.0 15.2 Broad Money (% of GDP)² 32.0 31.8 28.3 30.4 29.7 31.9 33.4 37.1 40.2 42.5 45.0 46.0 56.7 58.7 57.8 Domestic Credit to the Private Sector ( % of GDP)2 32.4 25.7 25.5 35.0 35.0 34.8 35.9 41.6 45.4 47.4 50.2 49.8 .. .. .. 10 year interest rate (annual average)³ 11.5 13.4 10.6 9.4 13.2 11.7 9.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 Nominal Exchange Rate (local currency per USD) 109.1 114.9 113.1 110.6 127.6 129.1 130.6 135.9 145.6 152.5 162.5 178.8 185.5 198.9 262.5 Real Exchange Rate Index (2015=100) 92.4 74.6 94.2 96.5 91.0 94.1 96.5 100.0 102.0 96.7 94.1 90.2 91.3 87.3 76.0 FISCAL Revenue (% of GDP) 14.9 15.0 13.0 13.6 12.2 12.0 11.6 13.3 14.1 13.8 13.5 12.6 9.2 8.6 9.6 Expenditure (% of GDP) 22.3 24.9 20.0 19.9 17.8 17.4 17.3 20.9 19.5 19.3 18.8 22.2 20.3 19.7 18.7 Interest Payments (% of GDP) 5.5 6.4 5.5 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.8 5.1 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.1 Non-Interest Expenditure (% of GDP) 16.9 18.5 14.5 14.9 13.1 12.8 13.1 16.1 14.4 13.8 12.9 16.2 13.8 13.2 11.6 Overall Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -7.4 -9.9 -7.0 -6.2 -5.6 -5.4 -5.7 -7.6 -5.3 -5.5 -5.3 -9.6 -11.1 -11.1 -9.1 Primary Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -1.9 -3.4 -1.5 -1.3 -0.9 -0.8 -1.5 -2.8 -0.2 0.0 0.6 -3.6 -4.6 -4.6 -2.0 General Government Debt (% of GDP) 87.1 86.1 71.6 71.1 68.7 70.8 72.3 85.3 86.1 84.8 92.2 94.3 109.7 117.0 122.7 External Public Debt (% of GDP)2 38.5 32.4 29.0 28.6 33.1 33.8 32.6 38.4 36.5 37.9 44.3 43.6 42.6 42.1 45.4 cheat EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS Export growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 7.6 -11.2 23.7 22.9 -0.5 11.1 11.0 1.2 3.0 9.6 6.0 -4.2 -32.6 13.6 13.5 Import growth, G&S (nominal US$, annual %) 9.2 -25.4 30.0 46.2 -2.4 -1.0 7.6 -0.6 1.9 8.4 5.7 -8.5 -25.6 18.5 10.3 Merchandise exports (% of GDP) 21.6 16.8 15.2 16.2 14.3 14.0 14.0 13.1 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.2 12.4 15.1 17.6 Merchandise imports (% of GDP) 29.6 21.8 21.3 27.9 28.0 24.2 24.5 23.5 23.3 24.0 25.3 23.7 19.9 25.0 29.7 Services, net (% of GDP) -1.1 -1.5 -1.1 -1.4 1.8 1.6 2.4 2.9 3.5 3.8 4.3 3.4 1.0 1.6 2.6 Current account balance (current US$ millions) -1679.0 -214.7 -1075.1 -4615.4 -4203.8 -2752.6 -2188.3 -2166.4 -1721.1 -2318.3 -2806.3 -1846.9 -1083.6 -3170.8 -3205.2 Current account balance (% of GDP) -3.7 -0.5 -1.9 -7.1 -6.1 -3.7 -2.8 -2.7 -2.1 -2.7 -3.2 -2.2 -1.3 -3.8 -4.3 Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.1 External debt, total (% of GDP)2 49.8 46.4 38.2 39.5 52.2 52.9 53.3 54.5 56.6 58.1 60.2 66.8 69.8 .. .. Multilateral debt (% of total external debt)2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Debt service ratio (% of exports goods and non-factor services) 2 13.7 15.6 12.3 9.3 15.5 14.1 38.2 20.8 18.9 21.9 36.1 31.7 39.3 .. .. See next page for more indicators SRI LANKA 1999 SELECTED INDICATORS* Avg. '00-15 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 E 2022 F POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY Population, total (millions) 19.9 20.1 20.3 20.4 20.4 20.6 20.8 21.0 21.2 21.4 21.7 21.8 21.9 22.0 22.1 Population Growth (annual %) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 Unemployment Rate2 6.1 5.8 4.8 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 5.9 .. .. International poverty rate ($1.9 in 2011 PPP)⁴ .. 2.8 .. .. 1.9 .. .. .. 0.9 .. 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.0 Lower middle-income poverty rate ($3.2 in 2011 PPP)⁴ .. 19.9 .. .. 16.2 .. .. .. 11.0 .. 9.9 9.5 11.7 10.9 10.8 Upper middle-income poverty rate ($5.5 in 2011 PPP)⁴ .. 57.9 .. .. 51.7 .. .. .. 42.0 .. 40.0 39.3 42.3 40.9 40.8 OTHER GDP (current LCU, millions) 4977843.2 4835293.0 6413668.0 7219106.0 8732464.0 9592126.0 10361152.0 10950622.0 11996104.8 13328127.1 14290906.9 15012953.4 14972995.2 16414824.1 19354467.3 GDP (current US$, millions) 42544.0 42066.2 56725.7 65292.8 68434.4 74317.8 79356.5 80604.1 82401.2 87421.9 87954.3 83975.6 80706.6 82535.3 73724.3 GDP per capita LCU (real) 289692.2 295063.1 316540.9 340844.7 371530.8 381161.2 396353.3 412390.7 426158.1 436446.0 446025.8 453302.2 434810.2 448052.3 457050.0 Human Development Index Ranking⁵ 71.6 72 72 71 72 72 72 70 71 72 72 72 .. .. .. CPIA (overall rating)2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 .. .. .. 3.5 .. .. .. Economic Management2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.8 .. .. .. 3.0 .. .. .. Structural Policies2 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.7 .. .. .. 3.8 .. .. .. Policies for Social Inclusion and Equity2 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 .. .. .. 3.7 .. .. .. Public Sector Management and Institutions2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 .. .. .. 3.3 .. .. .. cheat Notes: ".." indicates not available. E = estimate, F = forecast. Data from MFMOD unless otherwise noted 1/ Used latest month available. 2/ World Development Indicators Database and World Bank Staff Estimates 3/ World Bank GEM database; MRV = Most recent value 4/ Calculations based on SAR-POV harmonization, using 2016-HIES.Estimates for 2017-2019 and 2021 use a neutral distribution (2016) and assume a medium pass-through (0.87) based on GDP per capita in constant LCU. Estimate for 2020 based on microsimulation of COVID19 impacts. Estimates for 2022-2024 assume a very low pass-thro 5/ The HDI ranking in 2001 is in relation to 175 countries and in 2010 in relation to 169 countries. Methodological enhancements in HDI calculations have resulted in notable improvements in the countries' rankings. Sources: MFMOD Database, World Bank WDI and GEM databases, IMF.