2022 ANNUAL REPORT 2023 © 2023 The World Bank Group All rights reserved. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this publication is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Publishing and Knowledge Division, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org GRAPHIC DESIGN www.presentaciones-profesionales.com PHOTO CREDITS World Bank Bernhard Metz / World Bank Dorte Verner / World Bank Markus Kostner / World Bank Tom Cheatham / World Bank CONTACT For more information on the work of the Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions, please contact: KTF Secretariat | Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Group Headquarters The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, D.C. 20433 USA E-mail: k-fcv@worldbank.org Web address: www.worldbank.org/en/programs/korea-trust-fund Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 2 Table of Contents Korean Ministry of Economy and Finance Foreword 4 World Bank Foreword 5 Acknowledgements 7 Abbreviations & Acronyms 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 KTF Results and Impact 10 Looking Forward: A Strong Foundation for Continued Engagement 11 SECTION 1. ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF FRAGILITY, CONFLICT, AND VIOLENCE 14 World Bank FCV Strategy and Response 17 KTF Response 18 KTF in Action: Enhancing Monitoring and Evaluation Through Low-Cost, Field-Ready Technologies 19 SECTION 2. PROGRAM IMPACT & RESULTS 21 Highlights of Phase Two 22 Operational Support for Conflict-Sensitive Strategies 25 Innovative Engagements 26 Crisis Risk Identification and Management 27 Catalytic Impact 28 KTF in Action: Supporting the World Bank’s Knowledge on the Ground in Myanmar 29 SECTION 3. PROGRAM STATUS AND OVERVIEW 32 Geographic Coverage 33 Country Eligibility and Thematic Areas 36 Governance, Administration, and Results Monitoring 37 KTF in Action: Advancing Climate-Smart Frontier Agriculture in Africa 38 SECTION 4. PARTNERSHIPS AND KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE 40 Partnerships with Korean Institutions and Actors 41 Knowledge Production and Exchange 42 ANNEXES 43 Annex 1. Financial Highlights 44 Annex 2. Closed Grants of June 30, 2023 47 Annex 3. Phase Two Results Framework 74 Annex 4. List of Partnership Activities Implemented in Phase Two 75 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 3 Korean Ministry of Economy and Finance Foreword The world has witnessed rising levels of conflict in the last fifteen years, including a startling increase in conflict deaths in various countries in recent years. Emerging and ongoing conflicts, escalating tensions and social unrest, and natural disasters have taken an enormous toll on the well-being and dignity of millions worldwide. The prevalence of global food insecurity continues, and global forced displacement is at an all-time high, with the number of forcibly displaced people doubling over the past decade. A sluggish economic recovery following the COVID-19 crisis has worsened the situation for vulnerable populations, particularly in nations grappling with fragility, conflict, and violence. The lives of people in these communities have grown increasingly challenging; and the persistent existential threat posed by climate change makes their circumstances even more arduous and precarious. More than ever, global cooperation and partnerships are essential to respond to these crises. This is why the Government of Korea has increased its official development assistance (ODA) budget. We will continue to expand our ODA volume to the level of the world’s top 10 donors over the next several years. Korea continues to join forces with the international community in the pursuit of preventing fragility, conflict, and violence risks to ensure that no one is left behind. Formerly a war-torn nation with uncertain economic and social prospects, Korea underwent a remarkable transformation. Multilateral institutions like the World Bank played a pivotal role by providing crucial financing to advance social and economic development. Korea has since become a significant player in multilateral development, actively contributing to the International Development Association (IDA) and supporting various trust funds. We hope our development journey can inspire many fragile, conflict, and violence (FCV) affected countries, offering valuable insights into sustainable development, innovative solutions for enhancing people’s quality of life, and the successful transition to a more stable, inclusive, and prosperous society. The Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions (KTF), established in 2009 through an agreement between the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Korea and the World Bank, was an important example of our commitment to addressing the FCV agenda. Over the last fourteen years, our government has contributed almost US$40 million through the KTF. This contribution has supported more than 70 interventions that focus on piloting innovative approaches at country, regional, and global levels, and has informed World Bank lending operations and increased government capacity in FCV settings. Our government is glad to see the strategic impact of KTF-financed knowledge products and consultations on the World Bank’s ongoing vision for a bigger and better bank for clients affected by FCV challenges. Especially with the release of “Fragility, Conflict, and Violence in Middle-Income Countries study,” it is great to see how the KTF’s long-standing support to various middle-income countries, such as the Philippines, Thailand, and Ukraine, has informed the World Bank’s approach. The KTF has also been important in strengthening collaboration and partnership with Korean institutions. On behalf of the Korean government, I am pleased to present this final annual report of the KTF, which highlights key achievements, lessons learned, and partnerships, and shows the continued impact of Korea’s support after the closure of this trust fund. We look forward to our continued partnership with the World Bank to address the impacts of fragility, conflict, and violence. Tae Seop Shin Deputy Director for Development Finance Division Ministry of Economy and Finance Republic of Korea Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 4 World Bank Foreword I am happy to present the 2022–2023, final annual report of the Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions (KTF). This report presents the fund’s achievements from July 2022 through June 2023, and highlights key achievements and impacts since its inception in 2009. The report focuses on how the fund has responded to two major global challenges: supporting countries affected by fragility, conflict, and violence to address their heightened and interrelated vulnerabilities, and the knock-on impacts of COVID-19. The report also highlights the catalytic role that the fund played in supporting key initiatives across the World Bank, including their scale and impact. The global fragility, conflict, and violence context has become increasingly challenging over the last few years. Chronic instability in some of the world’s poorest countries, civil and interstate wars in several middle-income countries, irregular political transitions, the unprecedented global shock of the COVID-19 pandemic, and a climate crisis have created a complex landscape of overlapping and compounding risks. Countries experiencing fragility, conflict, and violence demonstrate a different development trajectory than the rest of the world, with persistent poverty and declining human capital. By 2025, a majority of the world’s extremely poor population are projected to live in fragile and conflict-affected situations. As a result, operating in these contexts has become increasingly central to the World Bank’s goal of eradicating poverty and boosting shared prosperity on a livable planet. In response to the growing challenges in fragile and conflict-affected situations, the World Bank launched its first ever “Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Strategy” (FCV Strategy) in 2020. The strategy supports countries in addressing the drivers of FCV and in building resilience. In response to growing needs, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ International Development Association (IBRD/IDA) portfolio in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS) grew by an average of 26.2 percent per year over the past five years, reaching a total active portfolio of US$77 billion at the end of financial year 2023. To support its growing lending in FCS, the World Bank also increased its footprint and now has over 1,300 staff working in FCS countries. The achievements presented in the annual report highlight the importance of remaining flexible when responding to diverse FCV challenges, as well as tailoring development assistance to each specific FCV context. This is particularly evident through the KTF’s support in Asia and the Pacific, with 67 percent of grant funding allocated to this region. KTF grants have supported World Bank engagement in diverse sectors and countries including Thailand, Pakistan, and Myanmar to support key operational and analytical work in support of country priorities. Furthermore, they demonstrate the value of capitalizing on opportunities to address FCV through both pre-existing technology and newer disruptive technologies. KTF Phase Two areas of engagement align with the World Bank and client country priorities on FCV. These strategies also leverage Korea’s comparative advantage, particularly its technical expertise and geographic location. Korea’s contribution to IDA and collaboration through trust funds are important in supporting the implementation of the FCV Strategy and in supporting World Bank clients to effectively respond to the diverse FCV risks that threaten their development progress. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 5 Cooperation through the KTF has contributed to good practice and supported the scaling up of key initiatives including the FCV Strategy, the Geo-Enabling for Monitoring and Supervision (GEMS) Initiative, and dissemination of the “Pathways for Peace” report, among others. As such, the strong relationship between Korea and the World Bank has provided a foundation for continued partnership going forward in supporting clients in middle-income countries and low-income countries to address fragility and promote resilience. The World Bank is grateful for our longstanding cooperation with Korea, which has demonstrated its strong commitment to supporting countries across the FCV spectrum. It has been a rewarding journey that has expanded the boundaries of what is possible. As the World Bank continues to increase our engagements in FCV settings, we look forward to continued collaboration with the Government of Korea in our joint pursuit of a peaceful, inclusive, and resilient future. Soukeyna Kane Director, Fragility, Conflict & Violence Group World Bank Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 6 Acknowledgements The Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions (KTF) Secretariat in the Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group at the World Bank prepared the 2022–2023 KTF Annual Report. The Secretariat is led by Program Manager Valery Ciancio under the leadership of Nabila Assaf, Manager of the World Bank Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Group. Team members include Sarah Craig, Abdelqader Hamed Bakir, Sara Agostini, Zainiddin Karaev, and Cynthia Delgadillo. The team is grateful to Dawoon Chung, Sarah Cussen, Thomas Djurhuus, Sonu Jain, Juri Oka, Bernhard Metz, Dorte Verner, Patrick John Barron, William Hutchins Seitz, Siou Chew Kuek, Lodewijk Smets, Cordula Rastogi, Dong Kyu Kwak, Utz Johann Pape, Sarah Elizabeth Antos, Erik Caldwell Johnson, Allan Tobalbal Oliver, and Patricia Fernandes. The KTF Secretariat extends its gratitude to the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Korea, the World Bank Group Executive Director’s Office for the Republic of Korea, and the World Bank Korea Office for continued support and collaboration to address fragility, conflict, and violence worldwide. The team also thanks the KTF grant teams, World Bank country offices, and counterparts in the client countries for their commitment to advancing innovative and conflict-sensitive programming around the world. Lastly, the KTF Secretariat would like to thank Soukeyna Kane, Director of the World Bank Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Group, for her guidance, advice, and support. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 7 Abbreviations & Acronyms AfD Agence Francaise de Developpement AfDB African Development Bank ASF African swine fever CPF Country Partnership Framework FCS Fragile and conflict-affected situations FCV Fragility, conflict, and violence FY Fiscal year GEMS Geo-Enabling for Monitoring and Supervision GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit HCI Human Capital Index IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICT Information and communication technology IDA International Development Association IDPs Internally displaced persons KDI Korean Development Institute KTF Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peacebuilding Transitions LICs Low-income countries M&E Monitoring and evaluation MICs Middle-income countries MOEF Ministry of Economy and Finance, Republic of Korea PNG Papua New Guinea PSDI Provincial spatial data infrastructure RDA Rural Development Administration SPF State and Peacebuilding Fund UN United Nations UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees WB World Bank Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 8 Executive Summary The Korea Trust for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions (KTF) was established in 2009 through an agreement between the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Korea (MOEF) and the World Bank. The goal of the KTF was to promote a risk-based development approach to address the challenges of fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV), especially in Asia and the Pacific. The fund value was US$38.7 million, and the KTF has supported 77 grants in all geographic regions classified by the World Bank. The KTF focused on three priority areas of engagement: operational support for conflict-sensitive strategies and operations; innovative engagements for development in FCV; and management of crisis risk. Through these focus areas, Phase Two of the KTF aimed to maximize the impact of the World Bank’s engagement in FCV situations and support the operationalization of the “World Bank Group Strategy for Fragility, Conflict, and Violence 2020-2025” (FCV Strategy)1, as well as promote a risk-based development approach to address the challenges of FCV. Phase Two areas of engagement aligned with the FCV Strategy while also leveraging Korea’s comparative advantage, particularly its technical expertise and geographic location. This strategic engagement took into consideration priorities that are of mutual interest for the World Bank and Korea. The KTF portfolio under Phase Two was built on a contextual, adaptable, and tailored risk-based approach that considered economic, social, political, and security dimensions and that promoted stronger collaboration with humanitarian and peace actors in supporting FCV-affected countries. The KTF was housed in the World Bank’s FCV Group. The KTF Secretariat oversaw the Fund’s day-to-day management and project portfolio. The Secretariat worked closely with country offices, global practices, and other trust funds to support innovation, to leverage knowledge and best practices gained through KTF projects, and to inform the World Bank’s strategy and approaches in FCV settings. It also led partnership building with relevant Korean institutions and experts. 1 World Bank Group Strategy for Fragility, Conflict, and Violence 2020–2025 (English). Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/ curated/en/844591582815510521/World-Bank-Group-Strategy-for-Fragility-Conflict-and-Violence-2020-2025 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 9 KTF PRIORITY AREAS: OPERATIONAL SUPPORT FOR CONFLICT-SENSITIVE STRATEGIES AND OPERATIONS Provide operational support to country and/or sector teams for mainstreaming FCV sensitivity in World Bank strategies and operations. This includes: ensuring that country strategies and operations are informed by in-depth risk and resilience assessments, and that World Bank interventions follow the principles of “do no harm” as well as “do good”; innovations and pilot operations to address FCV risks; and just-in-time support in response to complex emergencies. INNOVATIVE ENGAGEMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN FCV Strengthen knowledge and innovative engagements for development in FCV, and facilitate knowledge exchanges between World Bank, FCV clients, and Korean institutions on addressing multidimensional crisis risks. MANAGEMENT OF CRISIS RISK Address multidimensional crisis risks through stronger collaboration and complementarity across humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding actors to encompass political, security, human rights, economic, and social dimensions. KTF Results and Impact During the 2023 fiscal year (FY23), KTF grants continued to meet the challenges faced by World Bank clients due to the knock-on effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the reversal of development gains. KTF support also responded to challenges associated with compounding risks related to climate, humanitarian and natural disasters, food insecurity, and fragility. The KTF’s three areas of engagement complemented the World Bank’s response to these compounding and overlapping risks. The KTF also supported impactful and innovative knowledge work in FCV contexts that faced irregular political transitions, supporting the World Bank’s ability to remain engaged in these challenging contexts, exhibiting the fund’s comparative advantage and flexibility. Interventions that harnessed innovative approaches or technologies, or that leveraged Korea’s comparative advantages and expertise, were also prioritized. KTF grants under Phase Two covered all geographic regions2 as well as global activities, spanning International Development Association (IDA) fragile and conflict-affected situation (FCS) countries, countries in active conflict, and middle-income countries (MICs) experiencing subnational conflicts, as well as cross-border and regional programs (see figure 1.1). They addressed diverse FCV challenges, supported response to multidimensional 2 The World Bank’s geographic regions are East Asia and Pacific, South Asia, Middle East and North Africa, Europe and Central Asia, Eastern and Southern Africa, Western and Central Africa, and Latin America and Caribbean. In July 2020, the World Bank split the Africa portfolio into two regional portfolios. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 10 crises and compounding risks, and applied innovative technologies. Under the operational support for conflict- sensitive strategies area of engagement, the KTF supported country level operations through 11 grants. These included country level and global grants across diverse sectors such as improving livelihoods and creating economic opportunities in Myanmar, peacebuilding and reintegration in Eastern Ukraine, and climate-smart frontier agriculture for FCV-affected populations in Africa. Under the innovative engagements for development area, the KTF supported eight grants including enhancing FCV operations with geospatial ICT tools, supporting citizen engagement in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, and supporting the use of geo-enabling for monitoring and supervision of the COVID-19 response. Under the management of crisis risk area of engagement, the KTF supported five grants in response to the devastating impacts of COVID-19 combined with other shocks and risks such as climate change. This included responding to triple crises in Papua New Guinea, reducing hunger risk in South Sudan, and strengthening institutions and conflict risk management in the Solomon Islands. The KTF also enabled World Bank teams to deliver high quality analytical and advisory services and produce impact-oriented knowledge products and leverage mission-driven partnerships with Korean institutions on important sectors such as agriculture. For example, through financing the groundbreaking Fragility, Conflict, and Violence in Middle-income Countries study;3 and the climate-smart agriculture grant in South Sudan respectively. KTF grants have also informed and supported wider World Bank lending operations to a significant degree, ensuring sustainability of KTF contributions beyond the grant lifetime. For example, US$6.5 million in KTF grant commitments have informed US$4.4 billion in World Bank lending operations. Furthermore, under phase two, KTF grants have directly supported 32 World Bank lending operations totaling almost US$3.6 billion in commitments. Looking Forward: A Strong Foundation for Continued Engagement The Mid-Term Review of the World Bank Group Strategy for Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (2020–2025)4 notes the critical role that trust funds such as the KTF play as part of the wider FCV financing architecture. These funds support catalytic and innovative operational, knowledge, and analytical work that can then be scaled up through World Bank programming. They are also an important platform for strengthening engagement with bilateral partners and supporting mission-driven partnerships. Trust funds have also been crucial in enabling the World Bank to operate in situations where the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) or IDA funding cannot always reach, facilitating ongoing World Bank engagement in conflict or crisis situations. In MICs, trust funds continue to play a crucial role in enabling stronger engagement on FCV issues. The KTF has embodied all of these characteristics as demonstrated in the supported grants, partnership activities, and priority areas highlighted throughout this report. 3 World Bank. 2022. “Fragility, Conflict, and Violence in Middle-income Countries.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/ curated/en/099648312122229402/IDU0f7ad01c203dfd04b8a0afe7082b0a898a38a 4 World Bank. 2023. “Mid-Term Review of the World Bank Group Strategy for Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (2020–25)” (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099102523150028132/BOSIB00eef97e208a0937700f5b7e85e393 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 11 Over its lifetime and sustained engagement, the KTF has been a critical partner for the World Bank in addressing and responding to the challenges of FCV. The KTF’s unique value proposition, particularly its strong focus on supporting operational and knowledge innovations, and its ability to leverage development expertise and technologies from Korean institutions, have made it a critical partner for the World Bank’s evolution on FCV. For example, the KTF supported key initiatives such as the development of the FCV Strategy and the joint UN–World Bank “Pathways for Peace” study5. The KTF also played an important role in responding to major crises and providing additional support to affected countries, including supporting countries to address compounding risks as well as the knock-on impacts of COVID-19 on development and FCV challenges. For example, a grant in Papua New Guinea (PNG) supported analysis and identified recommendations to inform the government’s response to the triple crises of African swine fever (ASF), fall armyworm, and COVID-19. The focus on knowledge generation through the KTF and exchange with Korean institutions also ensured that the impact of KTF’s support will be sustained beyond its closure in 2023. 5 United Nations, World Bank. 2018. “Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict.” Washington, D.C.: World Bank. http://hdl. handle.net/10986/28337 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 12 Map 1.1. KTF GLOBAL PRESENCE 7 regions and global- 48 countries reached 77 grants funded $35 Million in cumulative level covered disbursements EUROPE AND SOUTH ASIA CENTRAL ASIA $2,328,959 disbursed $3,156,645 disbursed 7% of total disbursements 9% of total disbursements 5 grants 9 grants MIDDLE EAST AND EAST ASIA NORTH AFRICA AND PACIFIC $449,548 disbursed $18,034,130 committed 1% of total disbursements 51% of total disbursements 1 grant 29 grants LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN $823,182 disbursed 2% of total disbursements 2 grants WESTERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA EASTERN AND $2,495,010 disbursed SOUTHERN AFRICA 7% of total disbursements $2,135,475 disbursed 7 grants GLOBAL 6% of total disbursements $5,647,265 disbursed 5 grants 16% of total disbursements $38.7 Million 94% 19 grants Fund value disbursed Data as of June 30, 2023 SECTION 1 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 14 Addressing the Challenges of Fragility, Conflict & Violence An unprecedented confluence of global crises has capital. By 2025, the total number of extremely poor upended development progress and threatens people people in the countries on the FY24 List of Fragile and the planet. FCV are key among these challenges.6 and Conflict-affected Situations (FCS)7 is projected to Irregular political transitions, conflicts, and increased surpass that in all non-FCS countries worldwide (see geopolitical tensions have taken an enormous toll figure 1.1). By 2030, about two-thirds of the extremely regionally and globally in terms of economic growth, poor will live in FCS.8 These countries are also projected food security, and forced displacement. Combined with to have much lower levels of productivity than non-FCS the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries as measured by the Human Capital Index (HCI), the worsening effects of climate change, and other and lag behind in other socioeconomic indicators.9 FCS natural hazards, the ability of the poorest countries to countries tend to face multiple compounding risks and meet the Sustainable Development Goals is in peril. have limited capacities to address them. Among the 25 countries rated as most vulnerable to climate change, Overall, countries experiencing FCV demonstrate a 15 are FCS; nine of these are also food insecurity different development trajectory than the rest of the hotspots of highest concern.10 world, with persistent poverty and declining human Figure 1.1: 2000 FCS Economies Millions of Extreme Other Economies Poor, in FCS and 1500 non-FCS Millions of poor 1000 373 500 312 340 275 235 0 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 Sources: Poverty and Inequality Platform(PIP), v 20220909_2017_01_02_PROD; Mahler, Yonzan, and Lakner 2022; World Bank 2022h.Based on FY24FCS list. 6 Development Committee (Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to Developing Countries). 2023. Evolution of the World Bank Group—Report to Governors. Report DC2023-0002. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. https://www. devcommittee.org/sites/dc/files/download/Documents/2023-03/Final_DC2023- 0002%20evolution%20paper.pdf 7 World Bank. 2023. Classification of Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations [Brief]. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ fragilityconflictviolence/brief/harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations 8 https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/overview 9 The HCI measures the level of human capital that a child born today can expect to achieve by age 18. FCS countries are expected to have lower levels of productivity (42) than non-FCS countries (59), according to the HCI. Data are from the latest ND-GAIN Vulnerability Index, most recently updated until 2021 by the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative, University of Notre 10 Dame, Notre Dame, IN (published 2023), https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/; WBG FY23 FCS list; and food security per FAO/WFP food security warning: June-November 2023 outlook. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 15 The number of conflict events around the world has hunger and other causes of premature death and also risen, with a high death toll and record number of have important gender dynamics. Non-lethal forms of 108.4 million forcibly displaced people in 2022,11 with political violence disproportionately affect women.14 low-income and fragile countries being both the main places of origin and hosts of displaced populations.12 FCV is also a major development challenge facing MICs. Data from various indicators of conflict activity shows In fact, in the 2010s there were more deaths from political that violent conflict increased considerably in 2022.13 violence in MICs than in low-income countries (LICs)15 Moreover, the number of people killed in one-sided While in 2021 most active conflict in the world took violence (deliberate violence by a state or non-state place in LICs, this is in part due to the downgrading of actors against civilians) has also steadily increased, several MICs with ongoing active conflicts to LIC status as have fatalities in interstate conflicts, which spiked as conflicts wage on,16 underscoring the relationship in 2022. Civilians are increasingly bearing the brunt between FCV and poverty.17 of conflict violence. Conflicts can also exacerbate Map 1.2. FCS Countries Receiving KTF Support Afghanistan Mali Syrian Arab Republic Burkina Faso Marshall Islands Timor-Leste Burundi Micronesia, Federated States Tuvalu Cameroon Mozambique Venezuela, RB Central African Republic Myanmar West Bank and Gaza (territory) Chad Niger Yemen, Rep. Comoros Nigeria Zimbabwe Congo, Dem. Rep. Papua New Guinea Congo, Rep. Solomon Islands Eritrea Somalia Ethiopia South Sudan Guinea-Bissau Sudan Haiti Iraq Kosovo Lebanon Libya KTF GRANT 11 See https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/global-trends-report-2022.pdf; and https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/unhcr-calls-con- certed-action-forced-displacement-hits-new-record-2022 12 World Development Report 2023: Migrants, Refugees, and Societies. Washington, DC: World Bank. a https://worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2023 13 FCV Strategy Mid Term Review, World Bank, 2023. 14 Kishi, R. 2021. Violence Targeting Women in Politics: Trends in Targets, Types, and Perpetrators of Political Violence. Grafton, WI: Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project. https://acleddata.com/2021/12/08/violence-targeting-women-in-politics-trends-in-targets-typesand-perpetrators-of-political-vio- lence/. 15 Fragility, Conflict, and Violence in Middle-income Countries, World Bank, 2023. 16 Examples include Syria, Yemen, and Sudan. The downgrading of income classification occurred for Syria and Yemen in 2017 (reflected in FY19), and Sudan in 2019 (reflected in FY21). 17 Kishi, R. 2023. “A Quantitative Look at Global Conflict Trend: Using Conflict Data to Assess Changing Conflict Trends since Pathways for Peace.” Prepared for the United Nations–World Bank joint initiative on “Pathways for Peace: 5 Years On,” June 2023. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 16 WORLD BANK FCV STRATEGY & RESPONSE development outcomes in FCV. The mid-term review noted the important progress made on key areas The World Bank FCV Strategy, which was developed including scaling up IDA funding for FCS countries, with the support from the KTF, establishes the more and better use of FCV tools and approaches, and framework to operationalize the World Bank’s work strong efforts to remain engaged in conflict situations. in FCV-affected contexts. It lays out the need for At the same time, the review recognized the need a differentiated approach adapted to the distinct for course corrections: for example, ensuring more circumstances of different FCV situations, with Country adaptable operations, anticipating FCV challenges Partnership Frameworks (CPFs) and programs tailored earlier and better, advancing the World Bank’s private to addressing the root cause of fragility. The World sector engagement, strengthened engagement on Bank’s differentiated approach in FCV situations prevention and resilience, closing critical knowledge emphasizes engagements across four pillars: preventing gaps, and stronger partnerships to address issues of violent conflict and interpersonal violence; remaining violence and insecurity. The review also recognized the engaged during conflict and crisis situations; helping critical role that trust funds such as the KTF play as part countries transition out of fragility; and mitigating the of the wider FCV financing architecture, noting their spillovers of FCV. complementarity with IDA/IBRD financing, flexibility and The Strategy recently underwent a mid-term review agility, and strong focus on knowledge and partnerships which found that it remains fit for purpose while also and supporting catalytic activities. identifying different ways to make the World Bank more effective in delivering its mission and supporting PHOTO: © ARNE HOEL / WORLD BANK Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 17 KTF RESPONSE political, and security dimensions and that promoted stronger collaboration with humanitarian and peace The KTF was established in 2009 through an agreement actors in supporting FCV-affected countries. between the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Korea (MOEF) and the World Bank, with During the reporting period (July 2022 through June the goal of addressing the needs of state and local 2023), KTF grants continued to meet the challenges governance and peacebuilding in conflict-prone and faced by World Bank clients due to the knock-on conflict-affected situations. Phase Two of the KTF effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the reversal of began in 2018 and has ended with the closing of the development gains during and after the pandemic. KTF Trust Fund in 2023. Building on the successes of and support also responded to the continued challenges lessons learned from Phase One, Phase Two aimed to associated with compounding risks related to climate, maximize the impact of the World Bank’s engagement in humanitarian and natural disasters, food insecurity, and FCV situations and support the operationalization of the fragility. The KTF also exhibited its unique comparative World Bank FCV Strategy, and to promote a risk-based advantage and flexible approach to support knowledge development approach to address the challenges of and innovation in FCV contexts that faced various FCV, especially in East Asia and the Pacific. Phase Two political transitions, supporting the World Bank’s was structured around three mutually supportive areas ability to remain engaged in challenging contexts. of engagement: The KTF’s three areas of engagement complemented the World Bank’s response to these compounding and overlapping risks in FCV contexts. Interventions that At the country level, support FCV clients and harnessed innovative approaches or technologies, or World Bank teams in the preparation of and that leveraged Korea’s comparative advantages and implementation of FCV-sensitive strategies expertise, were also prioritized. and operations. KTF grants under Phase Two covered all World Bank At the global level, promote innovative geographic regions as well as global activities, spanning engagements on development in FCV by IDA FCS countries, countries in active conflict, and strengthening knowledge and partnerships MICs experiencing subnational conflicts, as well as between the World Bank, FCV clients, and cross-border and regional programs. They addressed Korean institutions. diverse FCV challenges, supported responses to Aligning country and global engagements, multidimensional crises and compounding risks, and and assist in managing crisis risks across applied innovative technologies. sectors and geographies through coordination within the World Bank and with the international community. The Phase Two areas of engagement aligned with the FCV Strategy while also leveraging Korea’s comparative advantage in technical expertise and its geographic location. This strategic engagement took into consideration priorities that are of mutual interest for the World Bank and Korea. The KTF portfolio under Phase Two was built on a contextual, adaptable, and tailored risk-based approach that considered economic, social, Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 18 KTF IN ACTION Enhancing Monitoring and Evaluation Through Low-Cost, Field-Ready Technologies The Geo-Enabling Initiative for Monitoring and Supervision (GEMS) was launched in 2018 to address the issue of limited field access and related insights as well as weak local monitoring and evaluation (M&E) capacity in FCV contexts and beyond. GEMS benefitted from catalytic support from the KTF, through the Phase One grant Systematic Implementation of ICT-Based Support. In Phase Two, GEMS benefitted from the follow-on grant GEMS+: Creating a Public Good through Digital Tools & Skills in FCV settings ($529,924) to scale its successful implementation. GEMS focuses on building capacity among government and project staff, partners, and World Bank Teams in the use of field-ready and low-cost technology for digital data collection, real-time M&E, and remote supervision. GEMS emphasizes simple solutions and capacity building, and aims to facilitate client ownership, sustainability, and scalability. GEMS trainings are therefore designed as training-of-trainers workshops to create a local multiplier effect. The capacity-building efforts are primarily directed toward clients (project implementation units, line ministries, statistics offices, and other government agencies) and focused on data collection and monitoring skills. The covered topics include best practices in terms of M&E, gender-disaggregated data collection, privacy and data protection, and data analysis, etc. GEMS expanded to support supervision efforts in over 100 countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has continued in the post-pandemic environment. This was enabled by another KTF grant— GEMS for Covid Response ($479,410), which built on the success of the first two KTF grants. This grant supported the implementation of COVID-19 response operations through the application of digital M&E and remote supervision leveraging the GEMS methodology. GEMS was listed as the recommended supervision solution of the multi-country COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Program Multi-phase Programmatic Approach.18 For this, GEMS developed a strategy for dedicated support to the COVID-19 response. Exhibit 1.1. GEMS Portfolio Mapping in Côte d’Ivoire 18 World Bank. 2020. “World - COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Program (SPRP) using the Multiphase Programmatic Approach (MPA) Project: Additional Financing (English).” Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/882781602861047266/World-COVID-19- Strategic-Preparedness-and-Response-Program-SPRP-using-the-Multiphase-Programmatic-Approach-MPA-Project-Additional-Financing Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 19 Following the catalytic support provided by the KTF, the deployment of GEMS across the World Bank has become increasingly demand-driven and institutionalized, which points to the critical impact and scalability of this initiative. As of September 2023, GEMS had been implemented in 100+ countries, with over 10,000 client staff and 1,100 World Bank Group-funded projects having completed capacity-building training. Effective GEMS use for M&E and implementation mapping has been confirmed by over 500 projects. GEMS has also influenced World Bank Group corporate commitments including the World Bank Group FCV Strategy and the IDA19 FCV Special Theme.19 GEMS has also been featured as the only World Bank Group program among the “Best of UN Innovation 2020” publication that highlights innovative activities in 41 United Nations (UN) entities. In 2021, GEMS received the Geospatial World Excellence Award in the category ‘Project Monitoring’. Photo 1.1. Impressions from a GEMS Training in Indonesia PHOTO BERNHARD METZ An increasing number of external partners have also been involved in GEMS implementation and are leveraging its use in their operations. Strategic partnerships have been created with Agence Francaise de Developpement (AfD) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) among others who received dedicated GEMS training and expressed interest in a coordinated rollout. An additional partnership with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) focuses on the joint development and enhancement of the used suite of open-source ICT tools, KoBoToolbox. A close partnership was launched with the African Development Bank (AfDB). Through close support provided by the GEMS team, including strategic advice, dedicated training, and sharing of material, AfDB has been deploying the GEMS tools and methods for project monitoring. This close partnership constitutes an impactful multiplier effect and creates significant opportunities for donor coordination and operational effectiveness. Exhibit 1.2. Self-Paced GEMS Online Training 19 The IDA19 Policy Commitment “Support building client capacity in 50 percent of IDA FCS countries to use field-appropriate digital open-sources tools for collection and analysis of geo-tagged data; and apply this technology to enhance project implementation and coordination” has been delivered by the GEMS team. This commitment is also aligned with corresponding operational measures in the WBG FCV Strategy. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 20 SECTION 2 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 21 Program Impact & Results In FY23, the KTF contributed to the World Bank’s HIGHLIGHTS OF PHASE TWO efforts to maximize impact of engagement in FCV situations and made strong progress towards achieving Through Phase One, the KTF supported development its objective of promoting a risk-based development of the World Bank’s first FCV Strategy. Through grants approach to address the challenges of FCV, especially under Phase Two, the KTF supported operationalization in East Asia and the Pacific. of this strategy and enabled World Bank teams to tackle wide-ranging development challenges in increasingly The KTF has achieved this via three interrelated areas complex FCV contexts. This section begins with the of engagement: KTF’s contributions through highlighted grants in four critical areas affecting FCV contexts: At the country-level, support FCV 1. Addressing FCV issues in middle-income situations clients and World Bank teams in countries the preparation and implementation of FCV 2. Addressing and responding to overlapping crises sensitive strategies and operations. and compounding risks At the global level, promote innovative 3. Advancing use of geospatial technologies to engagements on development in FCV respond to pandemics situations by strengthening knowledge and partnership between the World Bank, FCV 4. Strengthening institutions and managing conflict clients, and Korean institutions. risk Aligning country and global engagements PHOTO: MARKUS KOSTNER / WORLD BANK and assist in managing crisis risk across sectors and geographies through coordination within the World Bank and the international community. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 22 1 Addressing FCV Issues in Middle Income Countries The Developing Approaches for Conflict and Fragility in Middle-Income Countries grant financed the production of a major study20 on FCV in middle-income countries (MICs). This involved the preparation of six country case studies (Lebanon, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, Croatia, and the Philippines); a quantitative analysis of patterns and trends in conflict and violence in MICs; a portfolio review; and an assessment of the conflict sensitivity of World Bank projects in FCV-affected MICs. These materials fed into a synthesis report launched on December 13, 2022. The study is the first to outline the scale and nature of FCV in MICs. The report also examines how the World Bank has worked on FCV in MICs and identifies options for the World Bank and others to work more effectively on this agenda moving forward. 2 Addressing and Responding to Polycrises and Compounding Risks in Papua New Guinea The Papua New Guinea: Responding to Triple Crises grant supported analysis and identified recommendations to inform the government’s response to the triple crises of African swine fever, fall armyworm, and COVID-19. The grant supported spatial mapping to track the spread of ASF and containment actions, as well as the development of emergency response plans that can be activated in the event of an outbreak. A series of workshops were conducted in collaboration with the National Agriculture Quarantine and Inspection Authority and convened participants from the Department of Agriculture and Livestock, provincial governments, the private sector and smallholder farmers, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, and the International Federation of Red Cross. The final report, “A Review of Animal Health Service Delivery in Papua New Guinea,” was endorsed by the Managing Director of the National Agriculture Quarantine Authority. The grant findings directly informed the PNG Agriculture Commercialization and Diversification Project, a $40 million IDA operation. 3 Advancing use of Geospatial Technologies to Respond to Pandemics in India and Pakistan The Strengthening Geospatial Response in India and Pakistan grant supported the governments of Punjab, India and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to confront the COVID-19 outbreak and its aftermath by strengthening capacity with the use of geospatial information and ICT tools for epidemiological investigation and monitoring. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 23 In collaboration with a Korean IT firm and a local consulting firm, the grant empowered the government to launch an integrated geospatial platform to create, trace, monitor, and analyze static and real-time location-based information, with the aim of better preparing for future disasters and crises. Rapid situational and institutional analysis identified critical challenges in implementing Provincial Spatial Data Infrastructure (PSDI). A technical roadmap was developed to establish PSDI, including software architecture and hardware requirements tailored to provinces’ current land administration practice. A pilot application for on-ground surveying, paired with a map-based data repository, was developed to test the suggested roadmap. The pilot application employed a fit-for-purpose, scalable approach in collecting and managing geospatial data to facilitate a seamless geospatial platform. The grant leveraged Korea’s extensive experience in developing and utilizing geospatial information for disaster management by collaborating with Korean entities such as the Korea Land and Geospatial Informatix Corporation (LX), an IT firm, and policy and geospatial experts. The grant outcomes contributed to a US$150 million World Bank lending operation, the Punjab Urban Land Systems Enhancement Project (P172945), by informing approaches to establishing PSDI that will facilitate the sharing of land and geospatial datasets across key government entities, contributing to the prevention and control of epidemic crises. 4 Strengthening Institutions and Managing Conflict in the Solomon Islands The Solomon Islands: Strengthening Institutions and Conflict Risk Management grant supported two components. The first explored the efficacy of forecasting and explaining social unrest and crime. In contrast to conventional approaches, big data and machine learning were utilized to first test the relationship between crime and social unrest incidents and then to forecast change in crime. The second component provided a high-level assessment of the Solomon Islands Commission Against Corruption to identify areas for improvement and to inform ongoing policy dialogue on anti-corruption reforms. The analysis considered research conducted on similar organizations in different regions including Korea, drawing on Korea’s Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission approach to corruption prevention. The analysis also benefited from in-country interviews with internal and external stakeholders. 20 Fragility, Conflict, and Violence in Middle-income Countries, World Bank, 2023. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 24 OPERATIONAL SUPPORT FOR CONFLICT-SENSITIVE STRATEGIES In Phase Two, the KTF supported country level with Korean institutions and experts. All grants aligned operations through 11 grants. Under this area of with the World Bank Group’s FCV Strategy, relevant engagement, the KTF provided just-in-time financing Country Partnership Frameworks (CPFs) and with and technical support, including through partnerships demand from World Bank clients. TABLE 2.1. CLOSED GRANTS: OPERATIONAL SUPPORT MYANMAR Supporting Peaceful Transitions in Myanmar GLOBAL Developing Approaches to Conflict and Fragility in Middle-Income Countries SOUTH SUDAN Water-Saving, Climate-Smart Frontier Agriculture Technologies for FCV-affected Populations and Countries in Africa THAILAND Pilot Reintegration Program for Ex-detainees and Ex-combatants in Thailand’s Subnational Conflict PHILIPPINES Developing Conflict Resolution, Socio-Emotional Skills, Literacy, and Numeracy of Elementary Graders in the BARMM Regions of the Philippines PAPUA NEW GUINEA & SOLOMON ISLANDS Mobile Phone Surveys in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands MYANMAR Improving Livelihoods and Creating Economic Opportunities in Rakhine State TAJIKISTAN Enabling Trade in a Challenging Environment MYANMAR Inclusion and Conflict Sensitivity in Myanmar during COVID-19 UKRAINE Peacebuilding and Reintegration in Eastern Ukraine 21 Including two grants for the same project – “Pilot re-integration program for ex-detainees and ex-combatants in Thailand’s subnational conflict” Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 25 INNOVATIVE ENGAGEMENTS In Phase Two, the KTF supported innovation through supported World Bank teams to develop and repurpose eight grants under this area of engagement. Innovation technologies in order to assist client countries to lies at the heart of responding to FCV situations, and address their specific FCV drivers. In some grants, innovation has been a cornerstone of Korean support approaches were rapidly adapted to support the to the World Bank and its client countries through response to COVID-19 and the knock-on effects of both phases of the KTF. The KTF stimulated and pandemic lockdowns. TABLE 2.2. CLOSED GRANTS: INNOVATIVE ENGAGEMENTS GLOBAL Enhancing FCV Operations with Geospatial ICT Tools TAJIKISTAN Mobile Engage TAJIKISTAN; UZBEKISTAN Mobile Engage II MYANMAR People-Centric Digital Services for Peace and Inclusion PHILIPPINES ICT for Land Operations in the Philippines INDIA; PAKISTAN Geospatial Response to COVID in India and Pakistan GLOBAL GEMS for COVID Response GLOBAL Welfare Impacts of COVID Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 26 CRISIS RISK IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT The KTF supported five grants under this area of risks become more complex; continued strong focus engagement. The devastating impacts of COVID-19 on smart, efficient, and effective, investments in FCV combined with other shocks and long-term risks such as situations remain an essential precursor to attainment climate change, natural disasters, demographic shifts, of the World Bank’s goal of ending extreme poverty and and increasing inequalities are weakening countries’ boosting shared prosperity on a livable planet. resilience and exacerbating FCV challenges. As FCV TABLE 2.3. CLOSED GRANTS: CRISIS RISK IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT GLOBAL Global Crisis Risk Platform – Measuring Crisis Preparedness and Sharing Knowledge on Crisis Risk Management GLOBAL GEMS+: Creating a Public Good through Digital Tools & Skills in FCV Settings PAPUA NEW GUINEA Responding to Triple Crises in Papua New Guinea SOUTH SUDAN Reducing Hunger Risk in South Sudan SOLOMON ISLANDS Strengthening Institutions and Conflict Risk Management in Solomon Islands PHOTO: MARKUS KOSTNER / WORLD BANK Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 27 CATALYTIC IMPACT The KTF enabled World Bank teams to deliver high quality analytical and advisory services and produce impact- oriented knowledge products. The World Bank aims to inform solutions to pressing development challenges around the world and provide cutting edge thinking, pilot innovative and catalytic operational activities, and support advisory services and analytics on global development topics. Knowledge, whether analytical work, capacity building, or technical assistance, can have a significant impact when it informs World Bank lending and operations. At the global level, the World Bank’s research on the development challenges of the present and future remains critical to ensuring it can continue to provide cutting edge support to clients and maintain its global convening power. KTF grants have informed World Bank lending operations to a significant degree. Phase 2 – KTF grants have directly supported 32 Bank lending operations totaling almost US$3.6 billion in commitments $4.4 billion in WB operations informed $6.5 million in KTF grant commitments Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 28 KTF IN ACTION Supporting the World Bank’s Knowledge on the Ground in Myanmar Myanmar’s development story is complex, with significant reversals in recent years due to multiple and overlapping crises. In 2011, a political and economic transition process began under a transitional military government, with the first democratic elections in 2015. From 2011 to 2019, Myanmar experienced high economic growth, averaging 6 percent per year, coupled with a significant reduction in poverty. This was bolstered by economic reforms, lifting of sanctions, and optimism for greater stability. At the same time, the underlying political economy remained fragile. In 2017 there was massive violence in Rakhine State leading to a large wave of refugees fleeing their homes. Since 2019, Myanmar has experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and a military takeover and continues to feel the impact of rising food and energy prices following the war in Ukraine. In addition, the country is vulnerable to natural disasters, and most recently experienced a Category 5 cyclone, Cyclone Mocha, with devastating impact on vulnerable communities. These crises have eroded development gains. The economy is estimated to be 30 percent smaller than it might have been in the absence of COVID-19 and the military takeover, and real GDP per capita in June 2023 is estimated to be around 13 percent below 2019 levels22. Myanmar faces the risk of a lost generation with reversals in human capital development: public investment in health and education fell from 3.6 percent to about 1.8 percent of GDP between fiscal years 2020 and 2023 and there have been severe disruptions in education and public health care. In such a dynamic and uncertain environment, knowledge work has been critical to the World Bank’s engagement. Prior to the military takeover in 2021, World Bank support under the FY20–23 CPF focused on three priority areas: building human capital and fostering peaceful communities, stimulating responsible private sector-led growth and inclusive economic opportunities, and enhancing the resilience of Myanmar to cope with natural disasters while ensuring that natural resources and the environment are managed sustainably. The World Bank’s support also had a strong focus on social inclusion and conflict-sensitivity, particularly in conflict-affected areas. Knowledge work informed IDA financing support to the country. Since the military takeover, World Bank has paused its disbursements and new commitments from IDA in accordance with Operational Policy 7.30. However, World Bank remains engaged in Myanmar, in line with the FCV Strategy. It extends support by (1) monitoring the status of the economy, service delivery, social impact, and conflict; (2) assessing the data and carrying out analysis across a range of topics including the state of agriculture, economy, education, energy, food security, energy, and transport; and (3) providing direct support through channeling available grant financing (for instance, the Myanmar Community Support Project). 22 World Bank Myanmar Economic Monitoring Report, June 2023. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 29 KTF grants approved before the 2021 miliary takeover were catalytic in strengthening the World Bank’s knowledge, especially on social inclusion and resilience. Between 2019 and 2020, the KTF provided three grants: Supporting Peaceful Transition in Myanmar; Myanmar: Improving Livelihoods and Economic Opportunities in Rakhine State; and Myanmar: Inclusion and Conflict Sensitivity during COVID-19. Together, these grants supported a better understanding of the socioeconomic issues, informing the World Bank’s engagement. Approved in 2019, the Supporting Peaceful Transition in Myanmar ($695,376) grant financed analytical work and technical support to operational teams focusing on conflict dynamics. The grant supported two studies: “Business in Conflict-affected Areas of Myanmar”23 and “A Review of the National Community Driven Development Project in Conflict-affected Contexts.”24 It also launched a violence monitoring mechanism, delivered monthly updates on the conflict situation, and supported regular political-economy and conflict analysis (15 monthly briefings delivered and 30 biweekly briefs prepared), and ad-hoc assessments. Moreover, the grant provided basic data and infrastructure for a web-based conflict portal that overlayed conflict, poverty (deprivation index), and project data and prepared detailed conflict profiles of 19 conflict-affected townships. Adaptations were made to four IDA-funded operations and one COVID-related contingent emergency response component as a result of the discussions fostered by the Inclusion and Peace Lens (IPL). Following the military takeover of February 2021, the KTF grant allowed World Bank staff to remain abreast of political and conflict dynamics through continued regular briefings and analysis from a national think tank. PHOTO: MARKUS KOSTNER / WORLD BANK Bissinger, Jared, Aka Kyaw Min Maw, Patrick Barron and Sjamsu Rahardja. 2019. “Business in Conflict-Affected Areas of Myanmar.” Washington, D.C.: World 23 Bank Zurstrassen, Matthew. 2020. “A Review of the Myanmar National Community Driven Development Project in Conflict-Affected Contexts.” Washington, D.C.: 24 World Bank Group. https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/34141 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 30 The Myanmar: Improving Livelihoods and Economic Opportunities in Rakhine State ($479,850), also approved in 2019, aimed to inform potential programs to improve livelihoods, foster social cohesion, and create inclusive economic opportunities for all groups living in Rakhine state. This grant responded to the fastest and most concentrated international refugee exodus in Asia in the last four decades. Rakhine has experienced tensions for many decades, associated with high poverty levels, high internal displacement, and limited opportunities for livelihood generation. Generating inclusive economic opportunities in Rakhine that foster social inclusion and collaboration has been a long-standing challenge that few actors in the development or humanitarian space have successfully addressed. This grant involved the generation of socioeconomic profiles of various townships in the state, combining existing administrative data and new qualitative data. It also financed a study of mobility restrictions and summarized the donor landscape in Rakhine. Based on this work, the team produced notes highlighting potential interventions that the World Bank could support to enhance economic opportunities in the state, under appropriate circumstances. As a follow-on to Supporting Peaceful Transitions in Myanmar, the Myanmar: Inclusion and Conflict Sensitivity during COVID-19 ($499,763) grant was approved in 2020 to reorient the World Bank’s portfolio in the face of COVID-19. The program involved a mix of technical and advisory support for task teams; country management, analytic and monitoring work to track progress and emerging issues; and dissemination work. The program focused on adaptation of projects and policy dialogue to address pandemic impacts by developing a COVID-19 socio-economic impact monitoring system. This system collected almost real-time information over a period of one year on the pandemic’s effect on social cohesion, community tensions, and socio-economic inclusion, including in conflict-affected areas. The grant included several activities with local research organizations. This collaboration has been important in enabling the World Bank to quickly assess the conflict dynamics, the political economy, and social impacts following the military takeover in February 2021. Moreover, the World Bank is building on knowledge generated under this grant to continue filling knowledge gaps, making new data and analytical work available to the wider development community. The outputs from this grant initiative informed the design of the grant- funded Myanmar Community Support Project25 implemented by the World Food Program and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and the project’s third-party monitoring. 25 The Myanmar Community Support Project, funded by a multi-donor trust fund, was approved in April 2023. With initial funding of US$13.2 million, this project provides funds through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the World Food Programme (WFP) to channel resources directly to communi- ties, bypassing the structures of the de facto authorities and limiting engagement with local authorities Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 31 SECTION 3 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 32 Program Status & Overview Grants supported by the KTF enabled the design reporting period, and no new grants were approved due and implementation of FCV-sensitive strategies and to the approaching closing date for the fund. Detailed operations, facilitated innovative development in FCV information on the status of KTF’s finances is presented settings, and promoted knowledge generation and in Annex 1. A list of all grants with respective results monitoring of crisis risk. From its inception in 2009 and disbursements is presented in Annex 2. through its closure in 2023, the KTF (Phases One and Two) received US$39.3 million26 and supported 77 GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE interventions addressing FCV challenges at the national, regional, and global levels. Overall, KTF-funded KTF grants addressed FCV challenges in diverse activities performed strongly, with 92 percent rated regional and country contexts as well as globally. More satisfactory or above in achievement of development than half of the disbursements from 2009-2023 were in objectives or implementation progress. East Asia and the Pacific, the priority region for the KTF (figure 3.1.). Total disbursements in the region were Total disbursements under the KTF were approximately just over US$18 million in support of 29 interventions US$36.2 million. During the reporting period (July 1, in Indonesia, Myanmar, the Pacific Islands, Papua New 2022, to June 30, 2023), approximately US$2.3 million Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, Thailand, was disbursed. Overall, 94 percent of the Fund’s net and Timor-Leste. value was disbursed. Fourteen grants closed during the Figure 3.1. KTF Disbursements East Asia & Pacific by Region, 2009-2023 $0.5M $5.6M 1% 16% Eastern & Southern Africa Western & Central Africa $3.2M 9% South Asia $18M $0.8M 51% Latin America & Caribbean 2% $2.3M Europe & Central Asia 7% $2.5M Middle East & North Africa Note: The global category includes grants 7% $2.1M with global coverage and those spanning Global 6% multiple regions. 26 Donor contributions under Phase One and Phase Two equivalent to US$38,469,534 and investments and other income under Phase One of US$829,648. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 33 During the reporting period, the portfolio was likewise Ukraine. Past allocations to grants in the Middle East concentrated in East Asia and the Pacific, with grants and North Africa, Western and Central Africa, and Latin in Myanmar, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, America and the Caribbean were fully disbursed. Figure and the Solomon Islands (figure 3.2.). Almost one- 3.3. presents disbursements and number of grants quarter of the portfolio was in Europe and Central according to region for the historical portfolio. Asia, reflecting grants in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Figure 3.2. KTF Disbursements East Asia & Pacific by Region, 2022-2023 $1.4M 22% Eastern & Southern Africa South Asia Europe & Central Asia $2.7M 41% Global $1.5M 23% $0.5M $0.5M 7% 7% Figure 3.3. KTF Disbursements and Grants According to Region, 2009-2023 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 34 Regional activities have received the largest portion Figure 3.4. also demonstrates the geographic scope of of KTF commitments, followed by global activities. the KTF beyond East Asia and Pacific, with country- Myanmar received the largest country-specific specific priority interventions in five countries in Africa, allocation, followed by a group of East Asian and Pacific three countries in Europe and Central Asia, and two countries including the Philippines, Thailand, and countries in both South Asia and Latin America & Indonesia (see figure 3.4.). This funding distribution Caribbean. reflects KTF priorities for regional and country targeting. Figure 3.4. KTF Disbursements According to Country, 2009-2023 $ 7,000,000 $ 6,000,000 $ 5,000,000 $ 4,000,000 $ 3,000,000 $ 2,000,000 $ 1,000,000 $0 Note: Only countries receiving country-specific grant commitments are presented. Grants spanning multiple countries are reflected in the regional or global columns. PHOTO: TOM CHEATHAM / WORLD BANK Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 35 COUNTRY ELIGIBILITY AND THEMATIC KTF commitments under Phase Two spanned the three AREAS areas of engagement of the Fund. Most commitments fell under the first area of engagement—operational KTF financing is almost equally distributed across support for conflict-sensitive strategies and operations countries eligible for IDA and International Bank for (figure 3.6.). This reflects the strong linkages between Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) funding. KTF activities and IDA and IBRD operations informed or From 2009 to 2023, 30 percent of commitments went supported by KTF grants. Almost one-third of the Phase to countries eligible for IDA and 31 percent to MICs with Two portfolio supported Innovative engagements in pockets of fragility eligible for IBRD funding (figure 3.5.). FCV, while 17 percent of the commitments contributed Regional and global activities account for 39 percent of to management and prevention of crisis risk. committed funding. This distribution reflects the KTF’s ability to support interventions addressing challenges along the full spectrum of FCV situations. Figure 3.5. KTF Financing According to Country Figure 3.6. KTF Disbursements According to Eligibility for IDA or IBRD Funding, 2009-2023 Phase 2 Area of Engagement $2M 17% $10.7M 30% $13.6M 39% $6.2M $3.3M 54% 29% $10.8M 31% IDA Operational support for conflict sensitive strategies and operations IBRD Innovative engagements for development in FCV Global and regional initiatives Management and Prevention of Crisis Risk Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 36 GOVERNANCE, ADMINISTRATION, AND directly informed or supported 32 lending operations, RESULTS MONITORING more than doubling the target of 15 operations. Those operations had a cumulative value of US$3.6 billion, The World Bank FCV Group managed the KTF, which also compared to the target of $750 million, and reached collaborated closely with the State and Peacebuilding over 30 million beneficiaries. KTF projects engaged 21 Fund (SPF). The KTF Secretariat oversaw the KTF’s international and national nongovernment organizations day-to-day management, grant-making processes, (NGOs), compared to the end target of 20 NGOs. These portfolio programming and monitoring, and knowledge include Save the Children in the Philippines, the ICRC management and communications. KTF grants were in Papua New Guinea, Enlightened Myanmar Research subject to rigorous technical, legal, and fiduciary due Foundation, and the Hilal Ahmar Foundation in Thailand. diligence, as are all World Bank projects. Fourteen KTF grants utilized innovative information and communications technologies, exceeding the end target A Fund Results Framework ensured fund- and project- of 10, and 57 percent of those benefited from technical level results were monitored and reported on an annual advice from Korean institutions (falling just short of basis. Fund-level results for the overall portfolio are the end target of 60 percent). Sixty-seven percent of presented in figure 3.7. Phase Two fund-level results as grant funding was allocated to countries in Asia and the of June 30, 2023, are presented in Annex 3, reflecting Pacific, relative to the target of 75 percent. Five crisis results achieved under the grants approved under management tools were developed or supported under Phase Two. By the close of Phase Two, most end-of- KTF grants, against the end target of 10. program targets were met or surpassed. KTF grants Figure 3.7. Fund-Level Results for Promote FCV sensitive Overall KTF Portfolio 9% strategies Foster Partnerships 31% 21% Take Risks and Monitor Results Respond to Urgent Need 9% Strengthen Institutions 8% Capture and Disseminate 22% Knowledge Note: Reflects proportion of KTF commitments supporting results in each of the six areas. Most grants applied to more than one of the six objectives, but for this illustration grants were assigned only to their respective primary objectives. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 37 KTF IN ACTION Advancing Climate-Smart Frontier Agriculture in Africa The KTF supported two grants focused on advancing climate-smart frontier agriculture technologies in the African region under two priority areas: operational support for conflict-sensitive strategies and operations and crisis risk identification and management. The grants supported the World Bank FCV Strategy pillar of remaining engaged during conflict and crisis situations and leveraged Korea’s renowned expertise in insect farming technologies. Frontier agriculture is an alternative to traditional field-farming that requires very little space and water and no arable land. Two examples are insect and hydroponic farming, both of which allow households to rapidly produce high-protein and nutrient-rich human food and animal feed. The Water-Saving, Climate-Smart Frontier Agriculture Technologies for FCV-affected populations and countries in Africa grant ($493,780) advanced knowledge on how frontier agriculture technologies can produce nutritious food, create jobs, and enhance livelihoods in FCV contexts. The grant activities benefited from extensive collaboration with the Korea Rural Development Administration (RDA). A World Bank publication, “Insects and Hydroponics in Africa: The New Circular Food Economy,”27 was produced and included analytical inputs on insect farming produced by RDA experts, as well as highlights of Korea’s insect farming policies and practice. This provided insights on available solutions for South Sudan. The book was disseminated through a livestreamed event on Facebook in East and West Africa in both English and French, a press release, blog, and a podcast interview. Based on this partnership and knowledge generated from this grant, the World Bank and the RDA agreed to collaborate on a pilot project to provide training to rural farmers in South Sudan, supported under a subsequent KTF grant. PHOTO: DORTE VERNER 27 Verner, Dorte, Nanna Roos, Afton Halloran, Glenn Surabian Edinaldo Tebaldi, Maximillian Ashwill, Saleema Vellani, Yasuo Konishi. 2021. A “Insect and Hydroponic Farming in Africa: The New Circular Food Economy.” Agriculture and Food Series. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36401 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 38 PHOTO: DORTE VERNER The KTF: Reducing Hunger Risks in South Sudan grant ($485,773), followed on from the previous grant and aimed to increase the knowledge of and accessibility to nutritious foods by introducing innovative frontier agriculture technologies in urban and peri-urban areas of South Sudan. The grant also aimed to improve the World Bank’s and client’s knowledge of highly productive yet relatively easy to adopt technologies for household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic. The grant focused on South Sudan given the domestic availability of appropriate insect species, private sector demand, and a nascent poultry industry in need of feed, which could be provided through black soldier fly production. Similar to the previous grant, this grant also featured extensive collaboration with the RDA, including training on insect farming and development of production manuals. In June 2022, the World Bank task team presented the grant activities in Juba, with the Ministry of Agriculture, universities, private sector, and donors in attendance. The grant demonstrated the potential of insect farming in South Sudan, and the findings are expected to inform the World Bank’s current portfolio of agriculture projects with regards to insect farming. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 39 SECTION 4 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 40 Partnerships & Knowledge Exchange Mission-driven partnerships are critical for the World previous grant, aimed to increase the knowledge of Bank’s engagement in FCV. Recognizing the value and accessibility to nutritious foods by introducing of leveraging Korea’s experience and expertise in innovative frontier agriculture technologies in urban development, KTF grants supported World Bank teams and peri-urban areas of South Sudan leveraging RDA’s and clients to partner with Korean institutions including expertise in this area. The grant-supported activities the private sector, academia, and others. These diverse increased the knowledge of frontier agriculture as a tool partnerships were—and are—outcome focused and for food security and livelihood growth in South Sudan, have facilitated rich knowledge exchanges on a range particularly among FCV-affected populations, including of FCV-relevant issues, in particular on innovation and refugees, returnees, internally displaced persons technology to address FCV challenges. (IDPs), and host community members (see KTF in Action: Advancing Climate-Smart Frontier Agriculture PARTNERSHIPS WITH KOREAN Technologies for more details on collaboration with INSTITUTIONS AND ACTORS RDA). Rural Development Administration (RDA). RDA is Korean Development Institute (KDI). KDI is a Korean a government institution committed to agricultural government agency conducting policy research on a research, technology dissemination, and international broad range of economic and social issues including cooperation. Since its establishment in 1962, it has macroeconomic, fiscal, and labor policy. KDI’s mission played a crucial role in the development of agricultural includes making substantive contributions to the technologies in Korea. To further develop and government of Korea and Korean society as well as strengthen the Korean agriculture industry into a leading the public and private sectors by providing timely and export industry, RDA generates advanced agricultural effective policy alternatives. KDI also works to maximize technologies that can converge with Information its capacity to become an international policy institute Communication Technology (ICT), it also develops field- that serves as a compass for economic policymakers. based technologies with practical applications that can benefit farmers. To this end, the RDA is progressing KDI partnered on activities for the Welfare Impacts with Korean Smart Farms, development of seeds and of COVID grant (US$420,000). This grant supported new materials, mechanization of upland field cropping, analytical work to inform the policy response to the and technological support for export farms and export COVID-19 crisis and to provide timely and accurate market development. estimates of the impacts of the crisis on household economic welfare, including labor market outcomes. RDA partnered with the KTF on two grants: The grant provided insights into non-traditional, Water-Saving, Climate-Smart Frontier Agriculture high-frequency indicators to track the impacts of the Technologies for FCV-affected populations and COVID-19 crisis on measures of household economic countries in Africa ($493,780) and KTF: Reducing welfare. The research activities supported by this grant Hunger Risks in South Sudan ($485,773). The latter were conducted in partnership with researchers from grant, which built on the knowledge generated by the the KDI. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 41 Graduate Institute of Peace Studies (GIP). GIP was KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION AND EXCHANGE established in 1984 with the aim of training prospective world leaders to develop a vision for a new global civil The World Bank FCV Strategy puts forward how society committed to the promotion of peace and human advances in digital technologies, text analytics, welfare. GIP is a constituent graduate school at Kyung machine learning, and artificial intelligence capabilities Hee University and represents its long history in the can improve the effectiveness of knowledge exchange pursuit of peace. The university has three campuses, and World Bank operations in FCV contexts. It also including the main campus in Seoul, a global campus highlights the importance of building partnerships in Suwon, and the Graduate Institute of Peace Studies for sharing innovations, including in ICT. KTF grants campus in Namyangju (known as the Gwangneung prioritized partnerships and knowledge exchanges with Campus). Korean organizations, leveraging Korea’s comparative advantage in its technical expertise and geographical GIP partnered on activities for the People-Centric location. Digital Services for Peace and Inclusion grant (US$400,000). This grant supported the development Geospatial Response to COVID in India and Pakistan of proofs of concept and prototypes of government- (US$480,000) is a strong example of such a partnership to-citizen digital services conducive to peace and approach and of effective knowledge exchange. The inclusion, adopting a people-centric, design-oriented project supported the development of a technical approach. The grant activities included design thinking roadmap of a Provincial Spatial Data Infrastructure ‘sprints’ involving a rolling brain-trust. This brain-trust (PSDI), which designs modern solutions to share included and greatly benefited from discussions with geospatial data sets across key government entities and guidance from Professor Kwon Gibung, Director of contributing to the prevention and control of epidemic the GIP. crises. The technical roadmap will be implemented through the World Bank’s ongoing operation linked FATOS. FATOS is a mobility tech start-up that provides to the KTF Project (the Punjab Urban Land Systems an integrated mobility service platform (MaaS) Enhancement Project, PULSE, US$150 million). business based on its proprietary global map platform The grant has facilitated land mapping in informal technology. settlements where the poorest and the most vulnerable groups dwell. FATOS was selected through an international competitive bidding process to participate in activities for the Geospatial Response to COVID in India and Pakistan grant (US$480,000). The grant responded to COVID-19 and its aftermath by strengthening client capacity with the use of geospatial information and ICT tools for epidemiological investigation and monitoring. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 42 ANNEXES Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 43 Annex 1. Financial Highlights STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS, DISBURSEMENTS AND FUND BALANCE Expressed in US$ NOTE 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2009-2018 TOTAL (Jan-Jun) OPENING BALANCE 1 2,843,571.35 5,599,046.90 10,834,500.52 15,106,195.16 13,195,900.84 0.00 RECEIPTS Donor Contributions 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,641,546.05 33,827,987.51 38,469,533.56 Net Investment and Other Incomes 3 0.00 0.00 1,684.98 16,142.20 74,403.88 737,417.19 829,648.25 Total Receipts 0.00 0.00 1,684.98 16,142.20 4,715,949.93 34,565,404.70 39,299,181.81 DISBURSEMENTS Grant Disbursements 4 913,696.18 2,695,093.26 4,546,909.12 4,149,080.45 2,632,149.01 20,133,286.16 35,070,214.18 Program Management 5 35,329.10 60,382.29 59,328.59 138,756.39 106,006.60 759,657.95 1,159,460.92 World Bank Administration Fee 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 67,500.00 476,559.75 544,059.75 Refund to donor 7 0.00 0.00 630,900.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 630,900.89 Total Disbursements 949,025.28 2,755,475.55 5,237,138.60 4,287,836.84 2,805,655.61 21,369,503.86 37,404,635.74 ENDING BALANCE 1,894,546.07 2,843,571.35 5,599,046.90 10,834,500.52 15,106,195.16 13,195,900.84 Less: Committed Funds 8 29,500.00 FUND BALANCE 9 1,865,046.07 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 44 Note 1: Reporting Basis Reporting period used in this report is July 1, 2022, through June 30, 2023. Note 2: Donor Contributions The Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions (Fund) did not receive any new contributions in the reporting period. Since the Fund was established in 2009 the Republic of Korea acting through the Ministry of Economy and Finance has contributed US$38,469,534 equivalent to the Fund. Note 3 - Investments and other incomes Net investments and other incomes consist of the Fund’s share in the interest income earned by the World Bank’s trust fund portfolio including realized gains/losses from sale of securities and other incomes. There was no investment income in 2022-2023. Note 4 - Disbursement for the Fund’s operational activities Cumulative disbursements to the KTF grants in the amount of US$ 35,070,214 were made since the establishment of the Fund, out of which US$ 2,695,093.26 in 2022 and US$913,696.18 in January-June 2023. The regional distribution of disbursements is presented below, with East Asia and Pacific Region taking the leading share of total grant disbursements with 51.4%. The following table provides details of the grant distribution and disbursements by region. NUMBER OF REGION DISBURSED, US$ SHARE, % SHARE, % GRANTS EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC $18,034,130 51.4 29 37.7 EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA $2,135,475 6.1 5 6.5 WESTERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA $2,495,010 7.1 7 9.1 SOUTH ASIA $2,328,959 6.6 5 6.5 LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN $823,182 2.3 2 2.6 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA $3,156,645 9.0 9 11.7 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA $449,548 1.3 1 1.3 GLOBAL $5,647,265 16.1 19 24.7 $35,070,214 100 77 100 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 45 Note 5 - Program Management Disbursement The cost of the Fund program management for the calendar year 2022 amounted to US$60,382, and for January- June 2023 to US$35,329. The following table provides details of expenses for the Fund program management. Cumulative 2023 Expense categories 2022 2021 2020 2019 2009-2018 disbursements, (Jan-Jun) US$ Staff costs 11,638.55 38,382.18 40,042.95 54,516.40 64,594.97 481,987.33 691,162.38 Consultant fees 13,940.55 10,686.11 7,162.37 40,108.75 14,192.76 57,250.61 143,341.15 Travel expenses 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,694.60 10,131.85 156,984.87 168,811.32 Other expenses 9,750.00 11,314.00 12,123.27 42,436.64 17,087.02 63,435.14 156,146.07 TOTAL 35,329.10 60,382.29 59,328.59 138,756.39 106,006.60 759,657.95 1,159,460.92 Staff costs include salaries and benefits for the KTF Secretariat staff. Other expenses include associated overhead expenses, contractual services, e.g. editing, graphic design, translation, publishing and printing, representation and hospitality. Note 6 - Administration Fee The World Bank administration fee covers indirect costs related to corporate services provided in support of operational work. Indirect costs include the cost of institution-wide services such as human resources, information technologies, office space services, etc. The World Bank administration fee is not specific to the Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions but applies to all trust funds administered by the World Bank. No administration fee was charged in the reporting period. Note 7 - Refund to donor Balance remaining under Phase 1 of the KTF that closed August 31, 2021. US$630,900.89 was transferred to the donor’s Donor Balance Account in November 2021. Note 8 - Committed funds Commitments in the amount of US$29,500 are estimated for the period July-November 2023. These reflect Program Management costs related to producing the final KTF report. Note 9 - Fund Balance Fund balance is US$1,865,046. The final balance will be determined in early 2024 after all commitments are closed and then refunded to the donor’s Donor Balance Account. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 46 Annex 2. Closed Grants of June 30, 2023 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Indonesia: National Dec 2011 – Increased capacity of Indonesia’s institutions to better use data in policy planning. The grant $2,071,258 Violence Monitoring Apr2015 supported data collection, coding, web development, and technical assistance so that the System Coordinating Ministry could use the data to inform policy responses. Technical support was provided to Habibie Center, an Indonesian think tank tasked with producing data-based analytical TF010265 work. As a result, the National Violence Monitoring System has been validated as an effective, accurate violence response tool. It contains more than 200,000 data entries covering all 34 of Indonesia: National Mar 2014 – Indonesia’s provinces, and the government, academia, and civil society are all using the data to Violence Monitoring May 2015 improve national policy planning. System (Additional Financing) TF010266 Myanmar: Support to Aug 2013 – Enabled the Myanmar Peace Center to generate an evidence base that improves national decision- $2,953,984 the Myanmar Peace Dec 2018 making and development partner interventions in support of the peace process. The grant supported Indicates grants with linkages to WBG operations Process a landmark study by the Asia Foundation on the interactions between subnational conflict, aid, and development; technical support to establish a peace-focused multi-donor trust fund; launch of a TF015419 Recovery and Peacebuilding Assessment in close collaboration with the United Nations and the European Union; and ongoing, real-time risk monitoring of challenges affecting the WBG portfolio. Myanmar: Improving Mar 2014 – Developed a better evidence base on poverty and living conditions in Myanmar that is credible, $459,485 the Evidence Base on Apr 2016 accepted by all stakeholders, and used to inform national decision-making in the transition Poverty Through Mixed process by conducting the Myanmar Poverty and Living Conditions Survey. The World Bank Methods implemented this nationally representative household survey in cooperation with a survey firm and in collaboration with the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development. The grant also TF016965 supported analysis of existing poverty data and a qualitative field study of poverty, inequality, and mobility. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 47 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Myanmar: Supporting Jan 2019 – Supported two studies - “Business in Conflict-affected Areas of Myanmar” and “A review of $695,376 Peaceful Transitions Dec 2021 the National Community Driven Development Project in Conflict-affected Contexts”; launched a Violence Monitoring Mechanism and delivered monthly updates; supported regular political- TF0A9585 and TF0B4107 economy and conflict analysis (15 monthly briefings delivered and 30 biweekly briefs prepared) and ad hoc assessments as requested by WBG/Myanmar. Moreover, the grant provided basic data and infrastructure for a web-based conflict portal that overlay conflict, poverty (deprivation index), and project data and prepared detailed conflict profiles of 19 conflict-affected townships. Adaptations were made to four World Bank operations and one COVID-related CERC as a result of the engagements and discussions fostered by the Inclusion and Peace Lens (IPL) around mechanisms for engaging with Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and monitoring conflict and inclusion. The flexibility of the KTF grant allowed the task team to respond to an urgent emerging need to engage with key EAOs around their efforts at responding to COVID. Finally, following the coup of February 2021, the KTF allowed the CMU and World Bank staff to remain abreast of political and conflict dynamics through continued regular briefings and analysis from a national think tank. Myanmar: Improving Feb 2019 – Deepened understanding of the socioeconomic situation in Rakhine state for different groups, and $479,850 Livelihoods and Creating Sep 2020 the range of interventions implemented by development partners. This involved the generation Economic Opportunities of socioeconomic profiles of various townships in the state, based on a combination of existing in Rakhine State administrative data and new qualitative data collected and collated under this grant. Furthermore, the grant financed a study of mobility restrictions in Rakhine state. Alongside a note summarizing TF0A9769 the donor landscape there, the resulting study allowed the team to produce notes highlighting potential interventions that the World Bank could support to enhance economic opportunities in the state. Myanmar: Education Jun 2019 – Promoted knowledge and confidence building in the education sector to inform an inclusive $144,153 Pilot Research in Dec 2020 education strategy in Myanmar. The grant provided essential support to establish a partnership Conflicted-affected between the Ministry of Education (MoE) and several nonstate ethnic basic education providers States (EBEPs); and supported local curriculum development in government schools with a view to the teaching of local curriculum content supported by a new language policy. Furthermore, the grant TF0B0581 supported education pilots in three conflict-affected states: Karen, Mon, and Chin. The pilots supported the development of a roadmap for engagement between the ESOs and the MoE, and generated knowledge. A research note on Chin State, produced under the grant, maps challenges and options on language of instruction in the state—where 50 to 80 languages are spoken—and which has the highest poverty rate in Myanmar (58 percent) and some of the poorest educational outcomes. The grant was instrumental in the design of the World Bank’s Inclusive Access and Quality Education Project. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 48 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Myanmar: People- Jan 2020 - Developed four ‘sacrificial prototypes’ to promote peace and inclusion by addressing issues related $397,203 centric Digital Services Aug 2022 to ethnic, religious, and gender-based exclusion. The first prototype showcased different ethnic for Peace and Inclusion communities’ diverse rituals and shared experiences through short videos capturing the parallel lives of youth going through various rites of passage. The second prototype involved a world-building TF0B1985 roleplaying peace game with a sensitivity training curriculum, which helped players understand the perspectives of others through the lens of fictional characters cooperating on worldbuilding missions. The third prototype offered a training curriculum for educators and community leaders to address trauma and biases. The fourth prototype developed a digital empowerment platform for women for trusted information sharing on education and health services. Development of the prototypes entailed design thinking sprints involving a rolling brain-trust that included Professor Kwon Gibung, Director of the Graduate Institute of Peace Studies, Korea. The grant also supported pilots of low-cost tech solutions to monitor progress at remote road construction sites under the Myanmar Flood and Landslide Emergency Recovery Project, and to engage with beneficiaries under the Maternal and Child Cash Transfers for Improved Nutrition Project. Myanmar: Inclusion Dec 2020 - Supported a reorientation of the World Bank’s portfolio to ensure inclusion and peace-enhancing $499,763 and Conflict Sensitivity Dec 2022 development in the COVID-19 environment. A socio-economic impact monitoring system was during COVID-19 developed to explore the impacts of the pandemic on social cohesion, community tensions, and socio-economic inclusion, including in conflict-affected areas, in close to real time. Prior to the TF0B4759 military takeover in February 2021, the grant directly supported conflict and social inclusion analysis across the World Bank’s portfolio. With the suspension of pipeline operations following the military takeover, the grant supported thinking on how to pivot the country program with a stronger focus on sector-specific analytics. Just-in-time analytical pieces informed the post-takeover response, including on lessons learned in aid delivery during the 1990s and 2000s. Collaborations with local research organizations including Enlightened Myanmar Research and the Myanmar Institute for Peace and Security informed briefs on conflict dynamics as well as qualitative analysis on the social impacts of the military takeover. The grant also informed the design of an emergency response operation, the Myanmar Community Support Project. Pacific Islands: Aug 2013 – Increased capacity and strengthened government procurement and financial management systems, $494,661 Strengthening Local Mar 2016 increased knowledge and application of safeguards policies and documents, and partnered with Capacity and Project civil society organizations to increase and improve social accountability using innovative on-the- Implementation ground technical support. This grant provided direct support to 23 World Bank projects. A lessons- learned report on strengthening capacity and building implementation in fragile and remote island TF015291 states was produced. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 49 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Papua New Guinea Aug 2020 – Focused on improving how data is collected in the Pacific and improving how that data is used $444,852 and Solomon Islands: Dec 2021 to develop evidence-based policy reforms. The grant supported High Frequency Phone Surveys Socioeconomic Impacts via mobile phones in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands to monitor the socioeconomic of COVID impacts of COVID-19. A joint report by the World Bank and UNICEF PNG presented the findings from two mobile phone surveys conducted in December 2020 and January 2021. In the Solomon TF0B3764 and TF0B6249 Islands, the survey helped to measure the reach and efficacy of the Emergency Stimulus Package, and in Papua New Guinea the survey informed a high-level Cabinet strategy paper on COVID-19 response. The results served as a “proof of concept” for a three-year US$6 million multisectoral project, the Pacific Observatory, funded by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, which aims to improve welfare for the poor and vulnerable in Papua New Guinea and Pacific Island countries by expanding socioeconomic information for data-driven policymaking. Papua New Guinea: Sep 2020 - Supported analysis and identified recommendations to inform the Government’s response to $396,007 Responding to Triple Apr 2023 the “triple crises” of African Swine Fever, Fall Armyworm, and COVID-19. The grant supported Crises spatial mapping to track the spread of ASF and containment actions as well as the development of emergency response plans that can be activated in the event of an outbreak. A series of workshops TF0B3899 were conducted in collaboration with the National Agriculture Quarantine and Inspection Authority and convened participants from the Department of Agriculture and Livestock, the Provincial Governments, the private sector and smallholder farmers, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, and the International Federation of Red Cross. The final report, A Review of Animal Health Service Delivery in Papua New Guinea, was endorsed by the Managing Director of the National Agriculture Quarantine Authority. The grant findings directly informed the PNG Agriculture Commercialization and Diversification Project, a $40 million IDA operation. Philippines: Supporting Nov 2013 – Provided analytical and advisory support to build legitimate institutions in conflict-affected areas of $469,924 Inclusive Peace in the Feb 2016 the country, including developing the draft Bangsamoro Basic Law, which is crucial to implementation Bangsamoro TF016067 of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, and the Bangsamoro Development Plan, which is informing government budgeting and donor financing for conflict-affected Mindanao. The grant also contributed to the design and operation of the Bangsamoro Conflict Monitoring System, which is informing more conflict-sensitive development programming, and included technical assistance on the overall approach to combatant transition using a community-based reintegration approach. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 50 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Philippines: Supporting Oct 2014 – Helped build credibility and relationships of trust with clients by providing timely support through $1,464,907 the Foundations of Nov 2017 analytical work, policy advice, and donor coordination, focusing on citizen security, justice, social Sustainable Peace in programs, and jobs. Grant outputs included the Mindanao Jobs Report, which will inform World Mindanao Bank plans for expanding operations in Mindanao over the next five years. The report has also been cited in the government’s new Strategic Framework for Peace and Development in Mindanao. TF018382 The Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission endorsed the Land Conflict in Mindanao study, which the grant also supported, and the study’s main recommendations were included in the commission’s report. Philippines: Islamic May 2015 – Provided support to increase access to basic financial services in Bangsamoro, in particular Islamic $66,646 Finance and Financial May 2016 financial services, to stimulate growth, jobs, and development. The grant helped build skills and Inclusion in Bangsamoro knowledge on a matter of strategic importance for cultural recognition of Muslim Filipinos by assessing access to financial services and financial inclusion, assisting with development of the TF0A0422 legal framework for Islamic finance, and helping design an Islamic microfinance pilot for possible implementation. Grant activities facilitated the counterparts’ commitment to development of a legal framework and triggered ongoing discussions on future support for improving access to finance, including through Islamic microfinance. Philippines: Jul 2016 – Helped enhance demand-driven policy dialogue using Bangsamoro Conflict Monitoring System $544,000 Bangsamoro Conflict Dec 2017 data on matters related to conflict and development in the proposed Bangsamoro territory. The Monitoring System grant supported data collection on violent conflict in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao from 2011 to 2016 (the data are available on a publicly accessible website). The grant supported TF0A1161 production of a report analyzing conflict trends from 2011 to 2015, and 37 policy dialogue sessions were held with various stakeholders. The grant team engaged with four Local Government Units to support conflict-sensitive development planning. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 51 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Philippines: Developing Nov 2019 – Aimed to improve teacher effectiveness in developing conflict resolution, socio-emotional skills $377,215 Conflict Resolution, May 2021 and literacy of early grade students through innovative, school-based continuous professional Socio-Emotional Skills, development interventions. The grant team worked with Save the Children Philippines to pilot Literacy and Numeracy of a coaching model for teachers’ professional development and engaged the Consortium of Elementary Graders in the Bangsamoro Civil Society to help monitor the pilot implementation. The pilot worked specifically Bangsamoro Autonomous with early grade teachers (grades 1-3) to strengthen their teaching of literacy using the mother Region of Muslim Mindanao of the Philippines tongue as the language of instruction (in line with the Philippines’ policy) and socio-emotional skills in relation to peacebuilding. The Coaching Module for Teacher Effectiveness and Competencies TF0B1514 Enhancement was developed. Following the development of the module, 60 teachers were selected for the coaching program. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the project also developed virtual training on Psychological First Aid (PFA) aimed at supporting and preparing the teacher-coaches upon the resumption of classes through online, phone call and text platforms. The teachers were also trained to conduct remote or virtual PFA to their co-teachers and pupils, if needed. A total of 53 teachers participated in the online PFA training sessions. Philippines: Apr 2020 – Increased the financial management and intergovernmental policy making capacity of the $549,605 Strengthening Resource Apr 2021 Bangsamoro Transitional Authority. The grant supported consultations at the subnational, national Management Capability and international levels on financial management systems for BARMM at the national, international in the Bangsamoro and subnational levels to recommend suitable systems that would meet the region’s needs. A report Autonomous Region was also completed and delivered on the potential opportunities for additional revenue measures to of Muslim Mindanao be implemented by the BARMM government, with advice on revenue management in BARMM. On (BARMM)TF0B2576 intergovernmental relations, an advisory note was provided to the BARMM and national governments on the legal situation relating to national programs delivered in the Bangsamoro region. The project also successfully established a Technical Working Group of interested organizations to exchange information on knowledge-related activities in BARMM. Philippines: ICT for Land Aug 2020 - Piloted the use of high resolution fixed-wing drone imagery for land surveying to accelerate $376,418 Operations Nov 2022 agriculture land titling in the Mindanao region, where land allocation is one of the key drivers of conflict. The grant also supported technological capacity building to leverage ICT technology TF0B3723 for land management amongst key Philippine institutions, including the Department of Agrarian Reform, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority, and the National Commission of Indigenous People. The grant improved efficiency in the titling process, and the findings were integrated into the Support to Parcelization of Lands for Individual Titling (SPLIT) Project, a US$370 million lending operation that aims to improve land tenure security and stabilize property rights of agrarian reform beneficiaries. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 52 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Solomon Islands: Mar 2022 - The grant supported two components. The first explored the efficacy of forecasting and explaining $292,892 Strengthening Feb 2023 social unrest and crime. In contrast to conventional approaches, big data and machine learning institutions and conflict were utilized to first test the relationship between crime and social unrest incidents and then to risk management forecast change in crime. The second component provided a high-level assessment of the Solomon Islands Commission Against Corruption to identify its needs for improvement and to inform ongoing TF0B8226 policy dialogue on anti-corruption reforms. The analysis considered research conducted on similar organizations in different regions including Korea, drawing on Korea’s Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission approach to corruption prevention. The analysis also benefited from in-country interviews with internal and external stakeholders. Thailand: Expanding Aug 2013 – Contributed to building confidence between communities and subdistrict authorities in southern $489,796 Community Approaches Dec 2017 Thailand through participatory local development approaches and capacity building. KTF support in Conflict Situations enabled three rounds of village block grants to all 43 communities in participating districts. More than 28,600 villagers—almost 60 percent of them women—actively engaged in community-driven TF015383 development block grant processes and activities. The project expanded participatory community development planning, enhanced local authorities’ capacity to undertake participatory local development activities, and increased the ability of civil society organizations to engage in dialogue. Building on the results of this grant, the Thai government requested that the WBG Reimbursable Advisory Services expand community-driven development operations in all villages in southern Thailand, ensuring the project’s continuing influence. Thailand: Strengthening Dec 2017 – Strengthened confidence-building and increased engagement between the state and citizens in $494,261 Confidence-Building May 2020 southern Thailand by promoting constructive dialogue between government and nonstate actors, Measures in Subnational supporting civil society organizations in delivering services to vulnerable groups, and promoting Conflict learning and transfer of international experience, particularly on the community-driven design of development programs. The grant contributed to keeping the World Bank as a neutral and trusted TF0A6521 partner and effective convener whose expertise is sought by both state and nonstate actors in a challenging context with a low-level insurgency. State and nonstate actors used four issue notes (livelihoods; capacity building; social accountability and grievance redress mechanisms; social and environmental safeguards) to continue applying the community-driven development approach. A component on knowledge and capacity of civil society resulted in the delivery of two training curricula, and two studies focused on ex-combatants. More than 100 government and civil society participants attended an international conference on Sharing Experience on Community- Driven Development Projects in Fragile Areas that provided international experience and technical assistance from Myanmar, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Korea. The grant also informed the design of the Socioeconomic Reintegration Project in Southern Thailand (P170730). Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 53 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Thailand: Supporting May 2019 – Focused on engagement in the conflict-affected provinces of southern Thailand and helped the $1,119,509 the Socioeconomic Dec 2021 government pilot and evaluate a socioeconomic reintegration program for ex-detainees and ex- recipient- Reintegration of Ex- combatants. The project piloted a novel approach to reintegration, with a focus on social and executed grant Detainees and Ex- economic measures. 200 beneficiaries were reached with grants for livelihood support, education, Combatants in Southern or skills training. A participatory community-driven development process was carried out in 16 $762,794 Thailand villages and 63 community social integration sub-projects were implemented. The project also Bank-executed supported medical and psychosocial care for beneficiaries and their families. The project achieved grant TF0B0231 and TF0B0232 its intended outcomes and ex-combatant beneficiaries indicated they were satisfied with the support they received. Timor-Leste: Support Apr 2014 – Increased the capacity of the government, civil society organizations, and communities to develop $166,296 for Land Policy Apr 2016 and implement land legislation in a fair, inclusive, transparent way by supporting stakeholder and political-economy analysis of community lands and implementing the Land Governance Assessment TF017208 diagnostic tool. Support was also provided to the National Directorate for Land, Property, and Cadastral Services to implement the land law and identify options for development of livelihood opportunities. Timor-Leste: Tax Jul 2016 – Provided advice for improving the tax regulatory framework and preliminary capacity building in $110,875 Revenue Policy and Jun 2018 support of the domestic revenue reform program. The grant funded a review of the proposed value- Capacity-Building added tax bill and the revised taxes and duties bill. It also supported development of a training Technical Assistance program for tax officials and a series of policy advice sessions for the Fiscal Reform Commission (Domestic Revenue that increased the effectiveness of the Tax Office, improving the regulations and procedural codes Mobilization) for value-added tax and establishing a taxpayer office. Changes in government priorities after the national elections limited implementation of this grant, preventing the team from completing all TF0A3275 originally planned activities. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 54 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount East Asia and Pacific: Feb 2014 – Improved the effectiveness of World Bank efforts in fragile, conflict-prone situations by supporting $467,893 Developing Tools for Apr 2016 discussion among development practitioners, mental health and psychosocial experts, and Trauma-Sensitive researchers about how sensitivity to trauma and psychosocial wellbeing can be integrated into Livelihood Interventions projects. An online course was developed to build the capacity of development and humanitarian in East Asia practitioners to design projects that are responsive to psychosocial and mental health needs and, in turn, contribute to better outcomes for projects. TF016645 East Asia and Pacific: Oct 2014 – Consolidated lessons from three existing violence-monitoring initiatives in Thailand, Indonesia, $472,305 Regional Violence- Jun 2016 and the Philippines and developed a practical methodology toolkit based on a synthesis of lessons Monitoring Knowledge learned. The grant supported methodological improvements and harmonization, established a Exchange network of violence-monitoring practitioners, and provided technical solutions to inform WBG internal and external incorporation of conflict and violence monitoring in project and portfolio TF018279 monitoring, program design, and policy formulation. FCV Support to East Sep 2018 - Enabled dedicated support for addressing FCV issues to World Bank operations in the region. FCV $772,201 Asia and Pacific Feb 2022 staff based in the World Bank office in Korea provided FCV expertise for the World Bank portfolio in the Asia and Pacific region, supported dissemination of the WBG FCV Strategy, and facilitated close TF0A8648 collaboration between the Government of Korea and the World Bank on FCV. TOTAL – EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC $18,034,130 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 55 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount AFRICA Africa: Initiative on Aug 2015 – Enhanced monitoring and evaluation systems and knowledge of the link between pastoralism $374,687 Pastoralism and Dec 2017 development and stability for regional organizations and programs. KTF funds helped move Stability in the Sahel and the Pastoralism and Stability in the Horn of Africa project forward and supported progress in the Horn of Africa two multimillion-dollar IDA operations on pastoralism livelihoods development: the Pastoralism Support Project in the Sahel and the Regional Pastoral Livelihoods Resilience Project in East TF0A1262 Africa. The grant supported development of knowledge products and tools that helped project teams, government officials, and regional development agencies support pastoralist communities in mitigating conflicts in their areas while incorporating the precautionary principle of “do no harm” in all related World Bank projects and initiatives. Africa: IFC-KST Private Dec 2016 – A $150,000 grant was approved to fund IFC-led activities aimed at examining the effectiveness of $0 Sector Development Jun 2018 private sector interventions in fragile situations in Africa, with a focus on effective sequencing and Study a view to understanding which development strategies work in complex fragile situations and which do not, and thereby help to inform future interventions. However, the grant was not disbursed, and TF0A4158 the funds were returned to the KTF account. Africa: Water-Saving, Mar 2019 – Advanced knowledge on how Frontier Agriculture technologies can produce nutritious food, create $493,780 Climate-Smart Frontier Dec 2021 jobs, and enhance livelihoods in FCV contexts. The grant activities benefited from extensive Agriculture Technologies collaboration with the Korea Rural Development Administration (RDA). A World Bank publication, for FCV-affected Insects and Hydroponics in Africa: The New Circular Food Economy, was produced and included Populations and analytical inputs on insect farming produced by RDA experts as well as highlights of Korea’s insect Countries in Africa farming policies and practices. Based on this partnership, the World Bank and the RDA agreed to collaborate on a pilot project to provide training to rural farmers in South Sudan, supported under TF0B0053 a subsequent KTF grant. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 56 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Central African Feb 2014 – Generated knowledge that is enabling the improvement of World Bank operations in the Central $417,680 Republic: Strategic Jun 2016 African Republic. The Labor-Intensive Public Works knowledge exchange provided direct Early Response operational and strategic support to the restructuring of two ongoing World Bank projects. KTF support fed into preparation of the World Bank Country Engagement Note to support the Central TF016601 African Republic’s fragile transition and define the World Bank’s priority areas of engagement. KTF support also led to the launch of the $31 million multi-donor rapid employment program that delivered 10,000 jobs. Great Lakes Region: Jun 2014 – Provided support to Great Lakes programs and strategies, resulting in significant adaptations to $338,479 Promoting Peace Feb 2017 some projects to take conflict into account and address the causes of violence. The grant helped and Stability through design a $35 million conflict transformation and land management component under the DRC- Development Burundi agriculture program and identify peacebuilders and spoilers in agricultural value chains; inform the cross-border trade project by studying vulnerabilities and sources of resilience of TF017533 actors involved in cross-border trade flows between DRC, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; identify peace- and security-related indicators for a regional monitoring and evaluation project; inform the performance learning review for DRC through a risk assessment for the eastern provinces, influencing the design of the Country Partnership Framework; and identify priority axes and communities along which early recovery and displacement projects in DRC will work. Liberia: Citizen Nov 2013 – Assisted the Liberian government in mitigating potential conflict arising from land and natural $480,623 Engagement for Fair, Oct 2015 resource management. The grant also supported the drafting of recommendations for government Equitable, and Durable to increase citizen engagement and suggested inputs to the proposed Liberia Land Administration Land and Natural Project regarding land acquisition processes. Resource Management TF015976 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 57 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Mali: Immediate Post- Nov 2013 – Allowed the WBG to engage actively with the government of Mali on its post-conflict response. It $473,586 Conflict Recovery Oct 2015 supported an assessment of needs and priorities and a monitoring system to assess progress on Support Initiative peace and development over time. Introduction of the Joint Assessment Mission in 2015 was the first attempt to pilot the new framework and methodology for recovery and peacebuilding assessments. TF016090 The experience in Mali has allowed the European Union, United Nations, and WBG to strengthen this framework, which has since become a core tool in the international response to conflict. Western Africa: Jul 2018 – Increased the participation, accountability, and transparency of the World Bank’s Mali and Niger $177,009 Community Monitoring May 2020 portfolios. The first completed component, Note on ICT-Based Community Monitoring, detailed and Strengthening capacity-building support provided for specific task teams and project implementing units for Citizen Engagement ongoing projects. Specifically, a series of capacity-building workshops on community monitoring Capacities of Social mechanisms with a focus on ICT-based solutions targeting project implementing units and other Intermediaries in Mali implementing entities (e.g., local nongovernmental organizations) was conducted, including and Niger continuous technical advice and input to the project design and implementation processes. A second deliverable, Strengthening Citizen Engagement Capacities of Social Intermediaries, maps formal TF0A7835 and informal social intermediaries active within locations of World Bank-financed projects in Mali and Niger with the goal of informing the World Bank’s citizen engagement and social accountability interventions. A crucial finding was that the rapid pace of social change in the two countries has put enormous strain on social intermediaries, fragmenting them, and rendering them less able to mediate on behalf of the entire community. Their roles and legitimacy in local communities are rapidly weakening, especially among young people. Sierra Leone: Apr 2014 – Contributed to the design of a more conflict-sensitive mining sector in Sierra Leone by developing $471,862 Local Development Apr 2016 an overarching policy and addressing control of mining resources by chiefs—an identified source Partnerships for Mining of fragility. The grant provided technical assistance to a working group that produced a model Community Development Agreement that the National Minerals Agency then worked to adapt and TF017106 implement. KTF support helped shape the overall policy discussion on governance of the minerals sector and policy and implementation arrangements for community development agreements. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 58 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount South Sudan: Youth Oct 2013 – Supported an impact evaluation of a cash grant for youth on their livelihoods, education, and other $442,757 Employment Apr 2016 socioeconomic indicators. The program was implemented in the least conflict-affected regions in South Sudan and entailed life-skill and business training and a grant of $1,000 per beneficiary. The TF015917 project contributed to more detailed knowledge of the labor situation of youth in South Sudan. South Sudan: Reducing Nov 2020 - Introduced innovative frontier agriculture technologies in urban and peri-urban areas in South $485,773 Hunger Risk Feb 2023 Sudan. The grant also aimed to improve the World Bank’s and client’s knowledge of highly productive yet relatively easy to adopt technologies for household food security during the TF0B4455 COVID-19 pandemic. The grant activities featured extensive collaboration with the Korean Rural Development Administration including on insect farming training and development of production manuals. The grant activities were presented to the Ministry of Agriculture, universities, private sector, and donors in June 2022. Findings from the grant are expected to inform World Bank- financed agriculture projects. Sub-Saharan Africa: Oct 2013 – Improved the knowledge base and quality of data for informing employment policies and operations $474,250 Jobs and Job Creation Mar 2016 (e.g., Labor-intensive Works Project, Youth Employment Project in Sierra Leone) in a subset of in Fragile and Conflict- fragile and conflict-affected states in Africa. The grant supported three country jobs reports (Côte Affected States d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, Liberia) and a presentation of findings from the research, which have already informed a range of analytical, operational, and strategic activities in Côte d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone TF015749 (also in Liberia, albeit to a lesser extent there because the relevant report was completed more recently). The activity informed or initiated broader employment engagement in all three countries. TOTAL – AFRICA $4,630,485 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 59 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount EUROPE & CENTRAL ASIA Europe and Central Jan 2014 – Increased the capacity of the governments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Georgia, South $483,760 Asia: Addressing Land May 2016 Africa, Colombia, Nepal, Kenya, and Côte d’Ivoire to provide inclusive, equitable land administration and Conflict Issues in systems and land restitution processes, sensitizing the governments to the special needs of Eastern Europe and vulnerable groups in FCV settings. The concept of land leasing programs, social monitoring and Central Asia vulnerability mapping, and sensitization on women’s property rights were piloted and developed to benefit the relevant WBG land operations in Europe and Central Asia. TF016513 Moldova/Transnistria: Mar 2014 – Supported a series of workshops and capacity-building events aimed at closing knowledge gaps $165,014 Knowledge for Sep 2017 and thereby enhance the confidence-building process, including pilot programs with communities Confidence Building on both banks of the Nistru River. A note was produced on the strategic and operational challenges of working in the Transnistria region of the Republic of Moldova, highlighting shifting power TF016849 relations between the authorities of Transnistria and the process of negotiating with the sovereign government to work with the break-away regions of the country. This note provided valuable guidance for WBG teams on working in conditions of frozen conflicts. Western Balkans: Oct 2017 – Supported fiscal institutions of Western Balkan countries (Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, $239,331 Strengthening Fiscal Jul 2019 Serbia) by refining their approach to fiscal rules through a diagnostic review that included an Institutions to Build institutional assessment, innovative opinion survey, and quantitative analysis; providing country- Resilience specific advisory and technical assistance work to support the governments in their efforts to reform the existing rules; convening a 1-day workshop (Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Councils—Options TF0A5927 to Ensure Fiscal Sustainability) for senior fiscal policy officials from the Western Balkans, fiscal council representatives, and donor, multilateral development bank, and development partner representatives. There was cross-country generation and sharing of knowledge on practical approaches to designing fiscal rules and on experiences and challenges regarding fiscal council implementation. Specifically, the capacity of technical officials in Kosovo to design, monitor, and implement fiscal rules and councils was strengthened. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 60 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Kyrgyz Republic and Apr 2014 – Enhanced understanding of grievance redress mechanisms as a way for operations to respond to $461,003 Tajikistan: Citizen Apr 2016 beneficiary feedback in Central Asia; developed a citizen engagement Country Roadmap in Kyrgyz Engagement for Better Republic; improved the design of citizen engagement in investment financing operations; and State–Society Relations developed tools for citizen engagement in the education and energy sectors in Kyrgyz Republic. This grant leveraged significant additional funds for sector activity through a partnership between TF016843 the World Bank ($3 million) and the Aga Khan Foundation ($500,000). In addition, the grant resulted in a commitment from the World Bank Country Management Unit to continue financing the mainstreaming of citizen engagement, as well as the expansion of citizen engagement work to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Several European and Central Asian countries adopted a pilot of the Kyrgyz Republic Country Roadmap for citizen engagement. Kyrgyz Republic: Sep 2019 – Provided evidence-based research on local-level drivers of violent extremism in Kyrgyz Republic $299,795 Developing Approaches Apr 2021 and recommended development interventions to support client governments in preventing violent for Preventing Violent extremism. The grant supported a study on Fostering Cohesive and Resilient Communities in the Extremism in Central Kyrgyz Republic. The study presents findings from robust mixed methods research and provides Asia policy recommendations that are expected to inform the upcoming Country Partnership Framework, in view of strengthening the resilience of fragile border areas not far from Afghanistan. The TF0B0831 methodology included a phone-based national survey to more than 5,000 respondents analyzed through four samples (i.e. Uzbek border areas; youth), with experiments to obtain honest responses on sensitive topics such as support for radical groups and in-depth qualitative interviews identified through convenience and snowball sampling. The study generated evidence-based knowledge in a seldom studied field and provided critical evidence to define a coherent development approach to violent extremism in the region and lay the groundwork for development operations focused on prevention. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 61 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Tajikistan: Mobile Feb 2020 - Supported development of a system for public health communication and citizen engagement $366,355 Engage Dec 2021 through an SMS-based communication system. Successful pilot initiatives conducted emergency outreach to the entire mobile phone network of Tajikistan following the outbreak of COVID-19; TF0B1939 implemented the full national COVID-19 vaccination campaign for Uzbekistan, with more than 10 million people fully vaccinated and receiving official certificates through the Mobile Engage system); and launched innovative outreach campaigns to improve access to essential health and social assistance programs. In Tajikistan, 178,000 mobile phone users were informed about local services and 126,883,467 SMS messages on public health measures and COVID-19 vaccination were transmitted as of February 2023. Government partners in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan demonstrated strong interest in integrating digital solutions for health and social protection services. The Ministry of Health in Uzbekistan engaged other ministries such as the Ministry of Innovation and Technologies to ensure maintenance, cost sustainability and expansion of the initiative, and issued a formal request for World Bank support to broaden the program. The Ministry of Health and Social Protection in Tajikistan indicated they would continue to maintain the Mobile Engage system to communicate with social assistance beneficiaries. Government counterparts in the Kyrgyz Republic were engaged to discuss launching a similar platform. A research paper assessing the impact of the project was published in the Policy Research Working Paper series and was given an award as one of the most impactful research papers of the year by the World Bank’s Chief Economist for Europe and Central Asia. Tajikistan and Mar 2022 - Scaled up the previous Mobile Engage grant to fully implement the COVID-19 vaccination campaigns $277,624 Uzbekistan: Mobile May 2023 in each country. Engage II TF0B8251 Tajikistan: Enabling Feb 2020 - Aimed to increase the efficiency and transparency of cross-border trade in order to promote economic $446,510 Trade in a Challenging Jun 2022 growth and reduce instability in border areas. A series of technical and policy recommendations Environment in the domain of cross-border movements of goods and people were shared with trade-related agencies including the Customs Service of the Government of Tajikistan, with a view to relieve TF0B2095 traders and travelers from high transaction costs and burdensome administrative procedures. A World Customs Organization Integrity Workshop was organized with the Customs Service, and a preliminary trade modernization program was presented to the Government. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 62 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Ukraine: Peacebuilding Oct 2020 - Supported the development and expansion of a “Data Portal on Peacebuilding, Recovery and $417,252 and Reintegration in Feb 2023 Reintegration” as a tool for coordination of development and humanitarian efforts and citizen Eastern Ukraine engagement to increase the effectiveness of recovery interventions in Eastern Ukraine following the 2014 conflict. The Data Portal was launched in June 2017 by the Ukrainian Ministry of Temporarily TF0B4155 Occupied Territories as a transparent mechanism to map the implementation of humanitarian, recovery and development programming, monitor peacebuilding and socio-economic indicators, and identify and analyze needs and gaps on the ground. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the data platform was modified to focus on assessing and mapping damages from the current conflict, utilizing high resolution satellite imagery, and assisting planning for reconstruction. Analytical dashboards and interactive maps informed recovery decision-making by local municipalities and the central government. Additional funding was secured to support analysis of needs across the country and determine priority investments based on global good practice and EU standards of regional development. The functionalities of this system have since been integrated into a more expensive platform called the Digital Restoration Ecosystem for Accountable Management (DREAM) which is managed by the Ministry for Communities, Territories and Infrastructure Development. TOTAL – EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA $3,156,645 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 63 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN Colombia: Peace Mar 2014 – Increased government capacity to make informed decisions for peacebuilding policies and $387,302 Process Implementation Dec 2015 implementation mechanisms by developing a framework for understanding the peacebuilding Support exercise in Colombia; technical review of the reintegration policy and approach to inform a potential disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration program for Revolutionary Armed Forces TF016910 of Colombia ex-combatants; and a study on how public policy can effectively address crime and violence in the aftermath of an armed conflict. The project also increased understanding of the role of civil society in peacebuilding processes and in building trust in state institutions. The knowledge that the activities generated supported a policy dialogue with the government during the transition to peace and promoted the WBG role as a trusted knowledge broker in peace and development interventions. Haiti: Political Economy Oct 2014 – Increased the effectiveness of World Bank operations in the electricity and education sectors in $435,881 Analysis and Social Apr 2016 Haiti. The improved understanding of stakeholders in the electricity sector, their interests, and Accountability Pilot their effect have helped the electricity sector expand renewables and off-grid solutions (with two new energy projects focusing on those alternative approaches accordingly). In education, the TF018584 inspection analysis and net mapping of stakeholders generated knowledge that sector teams used to inform technical assistance on improving education quality. All the main activities under the Social Accountability Pilot were adopted and expanded in a new education project to enhance the effect of the project on learning outcomes. TOTAL – LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN $823,183 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 64 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Middle East and May 2014 – Designed and implemented citizen engagement activities in conflict and post conflict contexts. $449,548 North Africa Citizen Dec 2017 The grant deepened citizen engagement in WBG operations in countries experiencing FCV, Engagement increasing knowledge on the part of clients, partners, and the WBG in the Middle East and North Africa and in South Asia. The work contributed to tangible changes in projects and programs and TF017467 generated demand from new clients for peer-to-peer exchanges and resulted in development of the Collaboration for Development platform, which serves as a vehicle for knowledge dissemination between World Bank staff and clients. This platform connects clients and World Bank staff each time new training takes place. The grant activities generated significant interest among clients to finance their own dissemination activities based on activities supported under the KTF, reflecting increased client ownership. TOTAL – MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA $449,548 SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan: May 2014 – Informed preparation of the Afghanistan Extractives for Development project with an assessment $390,662 Understanding the May 2016 of the drivers of conflict along the extractive industry value chain. The grievance redress-related Drivers of Peace and work was useful in supporting the government in meeting its safeguard obligations under the Security in Extractive Sustainable Development of Natural Resources project, under which 310 male and 237 female Industries Sector workers were trained on grievance redress mechanisms and conflict mitigation. TF017381 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 65 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount India and Pakistan: Oct 2020 - Supported the Governments of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to confront the COVID-19 $464,700 Strengthening Apr 2023 outbreak and its aftermath by strengthening capacity with the use of geospatial information and Geospatial Response in ICT tools for epidemiological investigation and monitoring. In collaboration with a Korean IT firm and India and Pakistan a local consulting firm, the grant empowered the government to launch an integrated geospatial platform to create, trace, monitor, and analyze static and real-time location-based information, TF0B4083 with the aim of better preparing for future disaster crises. Rapid situation and institutional analysis identified critical challenges in implementing Provincial Spatial Data Infrastructure (PSDI). A technical roadmap was developed to establish PSDI, including software architecture and hardware requirements tailored to provinces’ current land administration practice. A pilot application for on- ground surveying, paired with a map-based data repository, was developed to test the suggested roadmap. The pilot application employed a fit-for-purpose, scalable approach in collecting and managing geospatial data, to facilitate a seamless geospatial platform. The grant leveraged Korea’s extensive experience in developing and utilizing geospatial information for disaster management by collaborating with Korean entities such as the Korea Land and Geospatial Informatix Corporation (LX), an IT firm, and policy and geospatial experts. The grant outcomes contributed to a US$150 million World Bank lending operation, the Punjab Urban Land Systems Enhancement Project (P172945), by informing approaches to establishing PSDI that will facilitate the sharing of land and geospatial datasets across key government entities, contributing to the prevention and control of epidemic crises. Pakistan: Social and Feb 2017 – Supported civic inclusion and economic empowerment of young men and women in Khyber $733,803 Economic Empowerment Jun 2018 Pakhtunkhwa by promoting ICT-based solutions. The grant supported development of eight digital of Youth Through ICT- skills courses in fields ranging from basic digital literacy and graphic design to advanced computer Based Solutions in programming and developed models for community-led co-working spaces and incubator Khyber Pakhtunkhwa facilities; three spaces are now operational, with more than 30 youth members per facility. The grant provided technical assistance to and monitoring of the provincial Youth Employment Program TF0A4397 and Digital Ambassadors programs, which trained more than 5,000 youth in 2018. In addition, the grant helped develop Pakistan’s first provincial digital strategy, which has mobilized support of $2 million from donors and $450,000 from the private sector; 75,000 jobs in the digital economy are expected to be created in the province by 2020. The grant activities in turn informed the design of the Digital Jobs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa operation and the upcoming Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Cities and Digital Transformation project. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 66 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount South Asia: Framing Apr 2014 – Generated knowledge on effective engagement strategies and approaches for delivering services $349,959 Responses to State Mar 2015 and building effective institutions in low-capacity, conflict-affected, and fragile areas in South Fragility in South Asia Asia. The grant made an important contribution to knowledge about how subnational political settlements and elite bargains can affect service delivery outcomes. The outcomes of the research TF017105 influenced World Bank country and sector strategies, and aspects of the findings were integrated into the Afghanistan Country Partnership Framework for fiscal years 2016 to 2020. South Asia: Men As Sep 2013 – Increased knowledge of male gender issues in development and contributed to the knowledge base $389,835 Agents of Change for Mar 2015 for programming. A global symposium, Men, Peace, and Security: Agents of Change, was organized Peace and Security to bring together and train 245 participants, many from fragile states, on topics related to men, Knowledge Product peace, and security. Follow-up research examined how job creation programs can be improved by examining the links between male identity and employment and income generation for young TF015593 people around the world. The grant also contributed to development of the Wevolve campaign, in particular its focus on understanding and responding to male gender issues. TOTAL – SOUTH ASIA $2,328,959 GLOBAL Designing and Oct 2013 – Contributed knowledge on forced displacement around the globe and resulted in uptake of $408,628 Implementing Apr 2016 recommendations in major WBG initiatives and operations, particularly in the DRC and Great Lakes Displacement- region, including informing the design of a $20 million IDA operation on Displaced Persons and Sensitive Development Border Communities in Africa. The household survey in Mali has become a precedent for WBG Interventions work on forced displacement, incorporating innovative technological methods such as mobile phone surveys. The study in Afghanistan has become a basis for increased investments by the TF015822 country management unit in displacement operations. Studies that this grant has funded have also been incorporated into government discussions to design policies to address the development challenges of forced displacement, particularly in the regional initiative in the Great Lakes region. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 67 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Korea-Afghanistan-FCS Feb 2016 – Supported knowledge exchange on rural development between Afghanistan, Korea, and four $74,429 Countries Knowledge May 2017 countries affected by fragility and conflict to conceptualize potential approaches to improving Exchange on Rural community-driven development efforts based on the implementation experiences and results Development of the Saemaul Undong program. At the knowledge exchange event in June 2016, participants from the participating countries and representatives of nine Korean institutions laid the basis for TF0A2150 continuing dialogue between at least three of the participating countries (Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nepal). The grant also supported a stocktaking of community-driven development in FCV contexts with a focus on four of the participating programs. Risk Factors of Violent Aug 2016 – Provided an empirical analysis of the resilience factors of violent conflicts, which is essential for $259,987 Conflict and Deviation Sep 2017 analyzing policies and programs that can effectively support conflict prevention. This analysis fed from Expected Outcome into a flagship study on development intervention for prevention of violent conflicts. Extensive regional consultations in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and Southeast Asia TF0A3382 informed the study. It made a case for placing prevention at the center of development efforts— ending with recommendations for national governments, international organizations, and other relevant actors—and has begun to influence the global policy debate on prevention. Improving Professional Jan 2014 – Provided capacity building to environmental regulators from FCV-affected countries and produced $263,118 and Regulatory Dec 2015 a toolkit with practical tips to improve professional and regulatory safeguards capacity in FCS. Safeguards Capacity in Twenty-five environmental regulators from 10 FCV-affected countries (Burkina Faso, Central FCS by Building Skills African Republic, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South through South-South Sudan, Sudan) were trained at a one-week intensive workshop consisting of presentations, Staff Exchange discussions, participatory exercises, field trips, and country case studies. The materials processed and collected during the workshop were captured in a toolkit. TF016437 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 68 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Surmounting Conflict May 2015 – Provided insight into the intersection of macroeconomic and political science approaches to $84,288 and Fragility Apr 2016 conflict by supporting an analytical study that examined factors that allow countries to recover economically from conflict. The study revealed that economic growth before and after conflict in TF0A0364 countries with conflict seems, on average, only marginally lower than in countries without conflict and that cycles of violence are therefore clearly the single most important reason for the lack of long-term development in these countries. The study described political violence as a leading cause of extreme volatility and highlighted corollaries of this in more detail by examining political exclusion. Dissemination of Study Jul 2016 – Provided support for the Paths Between Peace and Public Service report, published in 2019. The $25,935 on Rebuilding Public Dec 2017 study reviewed post-conflict trajectories in Afghanistan, Liberia, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, and Services in Post- Timor-Leste and efforts by development partners to rebuild public services. The study’s primary Conflict Countries message is that, rather than continuing to invest in strategies that ignore or resist political forces and capacity limitations, donors should accept and anticipate these pressures and pragmatically TF0A2974 pursue ostensibly second-best policies that further long-term state-building within a realistically limited margin of maneuver. The study also recommended that development partners design parallel project structures for long-term capacity building. Learning on SGBV in Mar 2014 – Supported efforts to deepen client and World Bank knowledge on addressing Sexual and Gender $417,825 Operations Jun 2018 Based Violence (SGBV) in situations of FCV. This grant enabled learning tours in Papua New Guinea and Nepal to identify regional best practices and strengthen research and knowledge- TF017536 sharing regarding SGBV. Findings included the need to frame SGBV policies using a comprehensive response; a long-term, sustainable timeframe; flexibility in methods; engagement of multiple actors at different institutional and social levels; and meeting the needs of survivors. The initiative required secretaries of sectoral ministries and prime ministers of each participating nation to promote and develop policy frameworks related to SBGV. Dissemination of the Mar 2018 – Supported dissemination of critical findings and recommendations of the United Nations–World $98,631 United Nations–World Dec 2018 Bank flagship report, Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict, in Bank Flagship Report East and Southeast Asia, to a broad audience of policymakers, agencies involved in peacebuilding Pathways for Peace processes, and academics, with an emphasis on engaging in concrete discussions on the TF0A7226 operationalization of the report’s recommendations. The report dissemination events were held in Bangkok, Beijing, Seoul, and Jakarta. The Seoul dissemination event took place in October 2018 and was cohosted with Yonsei University. The grant also supported communications products for dissemination in Asia, including a website, multimedia products, and printed materials. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 69 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Systematic May 2018 – Provided support to launch the GEMS to systematically enhance monitoring and evaluation, $475,512 Implementation of ICT- Oct 2019 supervision, and third-party monitoring in FCV settings. The grant supported capacity building in based Support for FCV clients, partners, and World Bank teams around the world to leverage field-appropriate, low-cost, and open-source technology for real-time digital data collection and analysis. By the close of the TF0A7567 grant, GEMS had been implemented in approximately 30 countries, with more than 350 project teams and 2,000 client staff being trained. Given significant demand from clients and within the WBG, GEMS was extended and expanded in scope and has become the core of an IDA19 Policy Commitment. In line with the WBG FCV strategy, GEMS is being implemented in IDA countries on the FCS list. Strengthening Jan 2018 – Approach shifted from a narrow focus on cross-border trade in the context of FCV to a broader focus $266,298 Cross-Border Trade Jun 2020 on supporting entrepreneurship in areas experiencing FCV. An operational guidance report was and Value Chains in produced outlining characteristics in countries experiencing FCV, challenges facing entrepreneurs FCV Environments: in those countries, and analysis of the types of interventions that could be deployed in various Democratic Republic of contexts. The report explores how to build a more supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem and Congo (DRC) and Haiti enabling environment for all entrepreneurs in countries experiencing FCV. The report categorized and reviewed World Bank and IFC experience in entrepreneurial support interventions to highlight TF0A7742 the range, effects of, and lessons learned from these interventions. Case studies on DRC and Haiti were used for illustrations throughout the report, and a detailed DRC case is featured in the report annex. The activity also supported the projects ‘DRC – SME Development and Growth’, ‘Lebanon – Social Enterprise Support’, and ‘National Agricultural Productivity Program in the DRC’, while generating interest in other teams working in the context of FCV. Developing Approaches Mar 2019 – Financed the production of a major study on FCV in middle-income countries. Six country case $494,884 for Conflict and Fragility Dec 2021 studies (Lebanon, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, Croatia, and the Philippines) were produced in Middle-income along with a quantitative analysis of patterns and trends in conflict and violence in middle-income Countries countries, a portfolio review, and an assessment of the conflict sensitivity of World Bank projects in FCV-affected middle-income countries. A synthesis report was published on December 13, 2022. TF0A9897 The study was the first to outline the scale and nature of FCV in middle-income countries. The report also examined how the World Bank has worked on FCV in middle-income countries and identified options for the World Bank and others to work more effectively on this agenda moving forward. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 70 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Building an Inclusive Apr 2019 – Supported a dynamic, inclusive consultation process for development of the WBG FCV strategy. $334,227 Consultations Process Apr 2020 A robust, comprehensive global process was conducted with a wide range of FCV actors, such for the WBG FCV as: shareholder and client governments; international financial organizations and international Strategy organizations; global, regional, and national civil society organizations; policymakers; and practitioners. Consultations gathered stakeholders’ insights into country and regional perspectives, TF0B0213 global lessons learned, and good practices, in order to create an open space that enriches the final deliverable by providing specific country examples. Enhancing FCV May 2019 – Provided WB staff and country counterparts operating in FCV settings with spatial insights and data $499,854 Operations with Jan 2022 that enhanced planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their efforts and help them Geospatial ICT Tools to apply these technologies themselves. The goal of the grant was to improve transparency and (GOST) oversight in inaccessible areas, helping FCV teams to see challenges earlier in the project cycle and inform choices about how to proceed. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the original project TF0B0228 deliverables had to change. In-person training and staff travel to FCV countries became impossible. The team adjusted to focus on eLearning training and web-based supplemental information in the form of a resources website and companion documents. An interactive eLearning course published on the Open Learning Campus was created to support internal and external clients in selecting an appropriate technology for the client’s purpose and understanding costs and trade-offs. The geospatial ICT training course reached a much broader audience than would have been possible with in-person training. The team was also able to use some of the funding originally earmarked for travel to instead produce the entire course in a second language (French). Within the first two months of the course being available on the Bank’s Open Learning Campus almost 350 people enrolled, with excellent reviews received from those who finished the entire course. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 71 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount GEMS+: Creating a Dec 2019 - Scaled the successful support provided through the Phase One grant “Systematic Implementation $529,924 Public Good through Dec 2022 of ICT-Based Support.” Following the catalytic start-up support provided by the KTF, deployment Digital Tools & Skills in of GEMS across the World Bank has become increasingly demand-driven and institutionalized. As FCV settings of September 2023, GEMS had been implemented in over 100 countries with capacity-building training completed by over 10,000 client staff and 1,100 WBG-funded projects. Application of TF0B1637 GEMS by projects and government agencies has led to hundreds of impactful use cases. GEMS was featured as the only World Bank program in the “Best of UN Innovation 2020” publication highlighting innovative activities in 41 UN entities. In 2021, GEMS received the Geospatial World Excellence Award in the ‘Project Monitoring’ category. GEMS has been institutionalized through World Bank corporate commitments including the WBG FCV Strategy and the IDA19 FCV Special Theme Policy Commitments. An increasing number of external partners have been involved in GEMS implementation and leverage it in their operations, including the African Development Bank, GIZ and AFD, among others. GEMS for COVID Oct 2020 - Supported implementation of COVID-19 response operations through the application of digital $479,410 Response Dec 2022 monitoring and evaluation and remote supervision mechanisms leveraging the GEMS methodology. GEMS was identified as the recommended supervision solution of the World Bank’s multi-country TF0B4141 COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Program Multi-Phased Programmatic Approach. A strategy for dedicated support to the COVID-19 response was developed. To account for vastly increased demand, the strategy focused on a training-of-trainers approach and virtual capacity- building workshops in close cooperation with World Bank operational teams. Direct on-the- ground support continued to be prioritized in IDA FCS countries. The grant enabled GEMS to scale its support in IDA FCS and other contexts, reaching over 100 countries and supporting project supervision across contexts and sectors amid access constraints due to the pandemic. GEMS monitored the pandemic response of various operations, but did not engage in tracking individuals or the disease itself. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 72 Country & project title Duration Results achieved Grant amount Operationalizing Jul 2020 – Supported WB efforts to mitigate potential severe food insecurity well before crises emerge. $182,063 the Famine Action June 2021 The grant developed a first-of-its-kind guidance note on good principles for governments when Mechanism in Five ‘First developing Food Security Crisis Preparedness Plans (FSCPP); supported country teams to Mover’ Countries develop FSCPPs as part of the IDA CRW ERF; and developed a food security-informed portfolio review for the Chad country team, which examined 15 projects and included interviews with the TF0B1687 associated project teams to assess the readiness and potential gaps in the World Bank’s portfolio for responding to future food security crisis risk. Finally, the grant helped increase the World Bank’s collective understanding of country exposure to food security crisis risks and supported broader efforts to mobilize additional support for early action. The grant has helped update advanced modeling work to demonstrate that conditions seriously threatening food security are encountered with unprecedented frequency in far too many countries—work recently highlighted in the Board paper, “Responding to the Emerging Food Security Crisis.” Global Crisis Risk May 2020 – Developed a structured framework for assessing crisis preparedness in IDA countries to help $249,535 Platform – Measuring Dec 2021 identify opportunities to improve crisis preparedness and support the World Bank’s engagement Crisis Preparedness and on preparedness and risk management as part of country and regional programming. The Sharing Knowledge on methodology for the Crisis Preparedness Metrics (renamed Crisis Preparedness Gap Analysis - Crisis Risk Management CPGA) was endorsed by management in September 2021. In addition to delivering the methodology for the new CPGA, the activity supported integration of the crisis preparedness agenda (and TF0B2827 CPGA) in the IDA20 package, where crisis preparedness featured as a new cross-cutting issue for the first time. The IDA20 package outlined ambitious commitments on crisis preparedness, including a commitment to ensure that country programs in all IDA countries provide technical and financial support for crisis preparedness, and that this support be informed by the CPGA or another appropriate crisis preparedness assessment. Welfare Impacts of Oct 2020 - Conducted in partnership with researchers from the Korean Development Institute, the grant $415,181 COVID Feb 2022 explored the use of alternative, non-traditional real-time indicators to track the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on measures of household economic welfare, including labor market outcomes. TF0B4286 Three working papers were produced: The Welfare Implications of COVID-19 for Fragile and Conflict-Affected Areas; How well can real-time indicators track the economic impacts of a crisis like COVID-19; and How Well Did Real-time Indicators Track Household Welfare Changes in Developing Countries During the Covid-19 Crisis. The first working paper was published in the Review of Development Economics. TOTAL - GLOBAL $5,559,729 Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 73 Annex 3. Phase Two Results Framework Unit of Baseline Results as of End Target Measure (K-FCV-1) June 30, 2023 DO-LEVEL RESULTS INDICATOR Indicator A: Ministerial-level acknowledgement letter of the impact of the K-FCV at grant Percentage 0 100 70 completion Indicator B: K-FCV grants allocated to countries in Asia and the Pacific (in $ volume)1 Percentage 62 67 75 Indicator C: Engagement with international and local Non-Governmental Organizations Number 8 21 20 INTERMEDIATE RESULTS INDICATORS AREA 1: OPERATIONAL SUPPORT FOR FCV-SENSITIVE STRATEGIES AND OPERATIONS Number 6 32 15 Indicator 1.1: WB lending operations directly supported through preparation, implementation US$ million 180 3,567 750 and/or supervision2 Beneficiaries 967,343 30,858,500 XXX Indicator 1.2: Operational missions of FCV staff from/through/to Korea (days)3 Number 60 91 450 AREA 2: INNOVATIVE ENGAGEMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN FCV Indicator 2.1: WB operations building on innovative ICT technologies for preparation, imple- Number 0 14 10 mentation and/or supervision Indicator 2.2: Korean actors providing technical advice for the above WB operations Percentage 0 57 60 AREA 3: MANAGEMENT OF CRISIS RISK Indicator 3.1: Crisis management tools designed and/or their enhanced application Number 1 5 10 Indicator 3.2: Asia/Pacific focal point for the GCRP based in WB Korea Office (WB-KO) Number 0 1 1 Note: Results as of June 30, 2023 for grants under Phase Two. 1 Does not include Global grants with activities in Asia and the Pacific. 2 Results for this indicator do not include operations supported under the GEMS initiative, which has reached over 1,100 operations in more than 100 countries with support for preparation, implementation, and supervision. 3 Due to COVID-19 travel restrictions, no operational missions took place in the reporting period. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 74 Annex 4. List of Partnership Activities Implemented in Phase Two Partnership Year Partner Content Dissemination event of 2018 Yonsei University As part of the Pathways for Peace dissemination tour in Asia, a dissemination event was co-hosted in the Pathways for Peace Korea with Yonsei University. The event was also co-sponsored by MOEF and MOFA, and consisted of a report public event (150+ attendees) and three side events covering different topics of relevance to the study (humanitarian-development-peace nexus, gender, and private sector). Report dissemination events were also held in Bangkok, Beijing, Seoul, and Jakarta. Responsible Business in 2018 Korea Chamber of The IFC FCS Africa team presented to Korean businesses some preliminary findings of the KTF-facilitated High Risk Areas Commerce “Private Sector Development in Fragile and Conflict States” study, as well as a complementary study of China, Japan, and Korea’s corporate engagement in FCS countries in Africa. WBG FCV Global 2019 The FCV Group organized a series of consultations in Seoul on the WBG FCV Strategy. The WBG FCV Consultation Strategy concept note was presented, and the participants provided recommendations and feedback. The consultation reached more than 40 representatives of the Korean government, research institutions, civil society organizations, academia, and the private sector. Inputs received from these consultations informed the development of the WBG FCV Strategy. FCV workshop 2019 Export-Import The FCV Group organized a technical workshop introducing WBG approaches to FCV-affected situations. Bank of Korea; The workshop provided an overview of the WBG’s global commitments and approaches in addressing FCV Korea International situations, and specifically focused on Risk and Resilience Assessments and Geo-enabled Monitoring and Cooperation Supervision. The workshop was attended by around 30 participants from the Export-Import Bank of Korea Agency; and several (KEXIM); Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA); universities; and NGOs and CSOs currently universities, NGOs working on FCV situations. and CSOs BBL on “Leveraging Big 2019 Korea Telecom As part of the WBG Korea’s BBL Series, a seminar was convened in Seoul on the use of ICT innovations Data and ICT-based for operations in FCV contexts. This BBL featured two KTF-supported grants: “Geo-enabling Initiative for Innovative Solutions for Monitoring and Supervision” (managed by the FCV Group), and “Enhancing FCV operations with Geospatial FCV-affected Situations” ICT Tools” (managed by the Geospatial Operational Support Team). The session also introduced the Global Epidemic Prevention Platform developed by Korea Telecom (KT) as part of their social responsibility initiative. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 75 Partnership Year Partner Content Conference on 2019 KDI School As part of the “Strengthening Confidence-Building Measures in Subnational Conflict” project, the Community-Driven International Conference on Community-Driven Development and Peace Building in Fragile Areas was Development (CDD) in organized by the Southern Border Provinces Administrative Centre of Thailand and the WBG in June 2019 East Asia’s FCV Settings in Pattani, Thailand. The conference benefited from the participation of and partnership with KDI School of Public Policy and Management. Professor Taejung Kim from the KDI School presented Korea’s ODA-funded activities in Myanmar, with a focus on those that applied the Korean CDD approach. Knowledge Generation 2019 – Rural Development The “Water-Saving, Climate Smart Frontier Agriculture in Africa’s FCV Context” project harnesses and Exchange with 2021 Administration technological solutions in the agriculture sector to potentially increase food security and nutrition in FCV Korean stakeholders on settings. The project team visited Korea twice—in August and December 2019—and benefited from advice Innovative Technologies and knowledge from Korean actors including the Korean government, especially the Rural Development in Agriculture Administration (RDA) under the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Economy and Finance. In partnership with RDA, the team visited several insect farming sites and processing facilities, and Korea’s experience of fostering the insect industry informed a WB Publication on Insects and Hydroponics in Africa: The New Circular Food Economy. Based on this partnership and knowledge generated from this grant, the World Bank and the RDA agreed to collaborate on a pilot project to provide training to rural farmers in South Sudan, supported under a subsequent KTF grant. The report generated by this grant was recognized as one of the most impactful products of the World Bank. Responses to FCV 2020 – Seoul National An expert advisory group was formed to contribute to quality assurance on the “Developing FCV Approaches Issues in Middle-Income 2021 University; Korea in Middle- income Countries (MICs)” project. It consists of World Bank experts and external members Countries Association of representing academia, policy institutions and donor agencies. Dr. Huck-ju Kwon, Professor at Seoul International National University and President of the Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation Development and (KAIDAC), is a member of the advisory group, and will help guide the team as it moves forward with data Cooperation collection, analysis, and dissemination. Korea Innovation Week 2020 Ministry of Economy Korea Innovation Week was held at the WBG headquarters in Washington, D.C., February 18–20, 2020. The and Finance delegation from Korea of around 140 officials was led by Yongbeom Kim, First Vice Minister of Ministry of Economy and Finance (MOEF). Two KTF grants, “People-centric Digital Services for Peace and Inclusion in Myanmar” and “Water-Saving, Climate-Smart Frontier Agriculture Technologies for FCV-affected Populations and Countries in Africa”, were introduced at the thematic workshops. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 76 Partnership Year Partner Content Signing of Memorandum 2020 Korea Telecom The WBG and Korea Telecom (KT), one of Korea’s leading telecommunications companies, signed an of Understanding (MoU) MoU to enhance partnership between the two institutions. The MoU covers cooperation between the two between World Bank institutions on artificial intelligence and Big Data-based solutions for developing countries, including FCV- Group and Korea Telecom affected countries. The contribution from the FCV team in Korea was critical in developing the partnership and facilitating the signing of the MoU between the two institutions. Knowledge Sharing on 2020 Korea Centers for As part of the WBG Korea Office innovation and technology webinar series, the FCV team in Korea together Korea’s Responses to Disease Control and with the WBG Korea Office jointly organized a webinar on “Responding to COVID-19: Early Lessons from COVID-19 Prevention; Korea & Global Partnerships on Innovation and Technology”. The event brought together experts from the National Information Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Information Society Agency, the Gates Society Agency; Foundation, and Korea Telecom to discuss early lessons, including the use of innovative and technology- Korea Telecom enabled solutions, as well as the potential for global partnerships to address the pandemic. At the webinar, Bernhard Metz, Senior Operations Officer from the FCV Group, presented the WB’s application of Geo- enabling Initiative for Monitoring and Supervision (GEMS) in the context of COVID-19, a project that is financed through the KTF. Knowledge exchange 2021 Korea Land and As part of KTF grant, “Geospatial Response to COVID in India and Pakistan”, a virtual technical exchange with Korea on Geospatial Informatix workshop with Korean experts took place on April 28, 2021. During this workshop LX shared the trajectory of Korea’s spatial Corporation (LX); Korea’s spatial data infrastructure, modernization of land records, and eGovernment service with clients. data infrastructure, Data Alliance Data Alliance, a leading consulting firm of the Smart City Platform in Korea, shared Korea’s experience in eGovernment services, leveraging geospatial technologies and the Smart City Data Hub in response to COVID-19. Lessons learned and Smart City Platform from Korea provided a broad and robust strategy for designing a geospatial foundation and systems. Data Alliance will continue to work with the KTF project team to provide technical input to develop the technical roadmap for establishing a solid Spatial Data Infrastructure. Joint analysis on Welfare 2021 KDI School The “Welfare Impacts of COVID” grant partnered with the KDI School to develop three working papers to Impacts of COVID inform the policy responses during the COVID-19 crisis and prepare for the recovery. The three working papers focus on the following topics: • The Welfare Implications of COVID-19 for Fragile and Conflict-affected Regions • How well did real-time indicators track the economic impacts of COVID-19? • How well did real-time indicators track the labor market impacts of COVID-19? Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 77 Partnership Year Partner Content Data Inputs for Use in WB 2021 SI Imaging The “Enhancing FCV Operations with Geospatial ICT tools” grant procured data inputs from SI Imaging Lending Operations Services, a Korean imagery firm, for two WBG lending operations: Cameroon: Inclusive and Resilient Cities Development Project (P156210) and Douala Urban Mobility Project (P167795). The satellite imagery has facilitated remote monitoring of changes in the project implementation site over time. Knowledge exchange 2022 Korea’s Kyung Hee The “People-Centric Digital Services for Peace and Inclusion” grant has supported knowledge exchange through the contribution Graduate Institute of through the contribution of Korea’s Kyung Hee Graduate Institute of Peace Studies. Professor Kwon of Korea’s Kyung Hee Peace Studies Gibung, Director of the Institute, was a member of the iterative “brain trust” that conceptualized digital Graduate Institute of peace education prototypes. Peace Studies Mapping of local 2022 All-Ukrainian The “KTF: Peacebuilding and Reintegration in Eastern Ukraine” grant is working with a local NGO, the All- government capabilities Association of Ukrainian Association of United Territorial Communities, on a mapping of local government capabilities United Territorial on citizen engagement, training of local governments, and a damage assessment tool to support local Communities governments affected by the war. Open-source technology 2022 KoBo Inc Under the KTF grants “GEMS+: Creating a Public Good through Digital Tools & Skills in FCV settings” and solution “GEMS for COVID Response,” activities were supported by a partnership with KoBo Inc, an international NGO that provides cost-free open-source technology solutions for use by development and humanitarian actors. Briefs on conflict 2022 Enlightened Myanmar The “KTF: Inclusion and Conflict Sensitivity in Myanmar during COVID” grant included collaborations with dynamics Research and the local research organizations - Enlightened Myanmar Research and the Myanmar Institute for Peace and Myanmar institute for Security – on conflict dynamics and qualitative analysis of the social impacts of the February 1st coup. Peace and Security Series of assessments, 2022 National Agriculture The “Responding to Triple Crises in Papua New Guinea” grant supported a collaboration with the National meetings and workshop Quarantine and Agriculture Quarantine and Inspection Authority (NAQIA), PHAMA Plus, Burnet Institute and FAO on a events as an After-Action Inspection Authority series of assessments, meetings and workshop events as an After-Action Review of the African Swine Review of the African (NAQIA), PHAMA Fever (ASF), to consider a broader response not only to ASF but to the triple crises of COVID-19, ASF and Swine Fever (ASF) Plus, Burnet Institute Fall Armyworm (FAW), comprising a multi-hazard whole-of-society approach. and FAO Sharing research and 2022 Korea Anti- The analysis considered research conducted on similar organizations in different regions including Korea, knowledge exchanges/ Corruption and Civil drawing on Korea’s Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission approach to corruption prevention. The interviews Rights Commission analysis also benefited from in-country interviews with internal and external stakeholders. Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2022-2023 78