Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project ETHIOPIA ROAD AUTHORITY DESIGN AND BUILD OF MODJO-HAWASSA EXPRESS HIGHWAY PROJECT, PHASE II, ZIWAY-HAWASSA, LOT 3: ZIWAY-ARSI NEGELE NEED ASSESSMENT AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PLAN FINAL REPORT DECEMBER 2022 Addis Ababa i Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Table of Contents ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................vii 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .................................................................... 18 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 18 1.2 Description of the project................................................................................................. 18 1.3 Rationale for Need Assessment and Preparation of the LRP .......................................... 20 1.4 Objective of the LRP ....................................................................................................... 22 1.5 Scope of the assessment ................................................................................................. 23 1.6 Methodology and Approach ............................................................................................ 23 2. DOCUMENT REVIEW .................................................................................................. 29 2.1 Review of Relevant Policy, Legislation/Regulation and Guideline ................................ 29 2.1.1 The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Constitution .............................. 29 2.1.2 National Social Protection Policy .................................................................................... 30 2.1.3 Land Ownership Policy in Ethiopia ................................................................................. 31 2.1.4 Expropriation of Landholdings (FDRE Proclamation No. 1161/2019) ........................... 32 2.1.5 FDRE, Regulation number 472/2020 .............................................................................. 33 2.1.6 World Bank Involuntary Resettlement, 2004 .................................................................. 34 2.1.7 International Financial Corporation (IFC) ....................................................................... 37 2.1.8 ERA Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework ..................................................... 38 2.1.9 Regional Governments..................................................................................................... 38 2.1.10 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and Project Impacts .................................................... 39 3. ELIGIBILITY AND INCLUSION CRITERIA .............................................................. 40 4. CONSULTATION ...................................................................................................................... 41 4.1 Consultation with PAPs................................................................................................. 41 4.2 Consultation with stakeholders .................................................................................... 45 4.3 Summary of Consultation results ................................................................................. 47 5. FINDINGS OF THE LRP NEED ASSESSMENT STUDY AND SURVEY RESULT 51 5.1 Survey Framework ........................................................................................................... 51 5.2 Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics........................................................... 52 5.2.1 Sex Composition: ............................................................................................................. 52 5.2.2 Marital Status and Family size ......................................................................................... 56 5.2.3 Education ......................................................................................................................... 57 5.2.4 Economic activities .......................................................................................................... 57 5.2.5 Income and Livelihood .................................................................................................... 59 5.3 Project Impacts................................................................................................................. 61 5.3.1 Landholding size and Land affected ................................................................................ 62 5.3.2 Impact on Assets of Public and Community Institutions ................................................ 63 5.3.3 Non land Impacts ............................................................................................................. 64 ii Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 5.3.4 Compensation and Utilization.......................................................................................... 65 5.4 Livelihood Need Assessment ........................................................................................... 65 5.4.1 Livelihood needs .............................................................................................................. 65 5.4.2 Owned Asset that contributes their livelihood ................................................................. 66 5.4.3 Education and skills ......................................................................................................... 66 5.4.4 Preferred Mode/Ways of engagement (Individually or in Group Basis) ......................... 67 5.4.5 Preferred working areas ................................................................................................... 67 5.4.6 Estimation of Income Loss and Degree Of Impacts ........................................................ 67 6. NEED ASSESSMENT AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PLAN ......................... 68 6.1 Identification of PAPs and Vulnerable Groups (VGs) .................................................... 68 6.2 LIVELIHOODS RESTORATION PLAN ....................................................................... 69 6.2.1 Livelihood Restoration Plan Formulation ...................................................................... 69 6.2.2 Criteria and consideration for livelihood package and Budget allocation ..................... 70 6.3 Proposed Livelihood Restoration for PAPs ..................................................................... 71 6.4 Women and livelihood activities ..................................................................................... 72 6.4.1 Agriculture Based Livelihood Enterprises ....................................................................... 73 6.4.2 Nonagriculture Based LRP For PAPs .............................................................................. 81 6.5 Organizing PAPs in group and cooperatives ................................................................... 85 6.6 LRP FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS ............................................................................. 87 6.7 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING ................................................................... 89 6.8 LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PLAN BUDGET SUMMARY .................................. 95 6.9 SOURCE OF FINANCE ................................................................................................. 97 7. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ................................................................... 98 7.1 Implementation and Management ................................................................................... 98 7.2 Ethiopian Road Authority .................................................................................................. 98 7.3 World Bank and other donor institutions ......................................................................... 99 7.4 Independent LRP Implementation consultant ................................................................. 99 7.5 Woreda LRP coordination & Implementation main committee .................................. 100 7.6 Woreda LRP Implementation Technical team ............................................................... 100 7.7 Community Organization and Management Experts ................................................... 100 7.7.1 Fund Transfer and Management ................................................................................. 101 7.7.2 Woreda grievance committee ...................................................................................... 104 7.7.3 Kebele level sub committee ........................................................................................... 104 7.7.4 Grievance Redresses Mechanism and Procedure ....................................................... 105 7.7.5 External Independent audit .......................................................................................... 105 8. LRP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE...................................................................... 106 9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ......................................................................... 109 10.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 109 10.2 Purpose of Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 109 iii Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 10.3 Monitoring Plan................................................................................................................. 110 10.4 Types and stages of Monitoring ....................................................................................... 110 10.4.1 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation............................................................................ 111 10.4.2 Mid term evaluation ...................................................................................................... 114 10.4.3 External Independent Audit ......................................................................................... 114 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 116 Annex 1.2 : Consultation Meeting With PAPs ............................................................................. 121 Annex 4: Minute of Meeting......................................................................................................... 124 iv Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF THE LRP BUDGET (OPTION 1) ......................................................................................................XIV TABLE 2: SEVERITY OF IMPACTS AND RESTORATION OPTIONS. ...................................................................................... 36 TABLE 3: ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA .......................................................................................................................................... 41 TABLE 4; CONSULTATION AND NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS BY KEBELE AND SEX................................................................ 42 TABLE 5: NUMBER OF PAHHS SURVEYED BY WOREDA, KEBELE AND SEX .......................................................................... 52 TABLE 6: PAPS BY SEX AND AGE GROUP ............................................................................................................................. 53 TABLE 7: FAMILY AGE STRUCTURE ..................................................................................................................................... 54 TABLE 8: FAMILY AGE STRUCTURE ..................................................................................................................................... 55 TABLE 9: TYPE OF DISABILITY AND VULNERABILITY AMONG PAPS ................................................................................... 55 TABLE 10: EDUCATION LEVEL OF PAHHS....................................................................................................................... 57 TABLE 11: LIVESTOCK POPULATION WHITEN THE PROJECT WOREDA ................................................................................... 58 TABLE 12: PROJECT IMPACTS BY TYPE OF ECONOMIC OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY AFFECTED .......................................... 61 TABLE 13: NUMBER OF PAPS IDENTIFIED BY DEGREE OF IMPACTS ..................................................................................... 62 TABLE 14: LAND HOLDING SIZE AND LAND AFFECTED ......................................................................................................... 62 TABLE 15: SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AFFECTED BY THE ROAD PROJECT ............................................................................. 64 TABLE 16: PURPOSE AND USE OF COMPENSATION FUND ...................................................................................................... 65 TABLE 17: PAPS AND VULNERABLE COMPOSITION ............................................................................................................. 69 TABLE 18: PRIMARY LIVELIHOOD PREFERENCE NEEDS ....................................................................................................... 71 TABLE 19: SUMMARY OF COST AND BUDGET (AGRICULTURE INPUT LIVELIHOOD SCHEMES)............................................... 75 TABLE 20: SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION LIVELIHOOD PACKAGE ............................................................................................. 78 TABLE 21: ANIMAL FATTENING LIVELIHOOD SCHEME (SUMMARY OF COST AND BUDGET PLAN) ........................................ 79 TABLE 22: DAIRY FARM LIVELIHOOD SCHEMES (SUMMERY OF COST AND BUDGET PLAN) ..................................................................... 81 TABLE 23: ESTIMATED COST AND BENEFIT OF LOCAL GOODS TRANSPORT CART ENTERPRISE .......................................... 83 TABLE 24: GRAIN TRADE ENTERPRISES ............................................................................................................................... 84 TABLE 25: RETAIL FRUIT AND VEGETABLES FOR PAP'S....................................................................................................... 84 TABLE 26: LRP COST AND BUDGET SHARE ......................................................................................................................... 85 TABLE 27: BUDGET FOR THE VULNERABLE PAHHS ........................................................................................................... 88 TABLE 28: SUMMARY OF TRAINING COST ............................................................................................................................ 94 TABLE 29: SUMMARY OF THE LRP BUDGET (OPTION 1) ..................................................................................................... 95 TABLE 30: SUMMARY OF THE LRP BUDGET (OPTION 2) .................................................................................................... 96 v Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project FIGURE 1: LOCATION MAP OF THE LOT3 ZIWAY-ARSI NEGELE ROAD PROJECT ................................................................. 19 FIGURE 2; TRAINING OF ENUMERATORS AND FIELD SURVEY MOBILIZATION SESSION ......................................................... 25 FIGURE 3: PUBLIC CONSULTATION, WOLICHO BORAMOU KEBELE ...................................................................................... 27 FIGURE 4: NEED ASSESSMENT SURVEY WITH WOMEN GROUP, DEKA HARANGEMA AND HORA KELLO KEBELE ................. 27 FIGURE 5: WOMEN GROUP IN CART DRIVING AND MARKETING AND WATER FETCH ............................................................. 28 FIGURE 6 PARTIAL VIEW OF THE DISCUSSION AT WOLICHO BORAMOU AND GALE-KELLO KEBELE .................................... 42 FIGURE 7: LRP IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES .......................................................................... 103 FIGURE 8: TIME SCHEDULE AND ACTIVITIES TO IMPLEMENT LRP ..................................................................................... 108 FIGURE 9: CONSULTATION AND NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS BY KEBELE AND SEX ............................................................ 121 FIGURE 10: PARTIAL VIEW OF CONSULTATION IN OTHER KEBELES .................................................................................... 122 FIGURE 11: CONSULTATION CONDUCTED WITH PAPS, WOLICHO BORAMOU KEBELE, ..................................................... 122 FIGURE 12 CONSULTATION AT AT GALE FI KELLO KEBELE PARTICIPANTS ...................................................................... 123 vi Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project ACRONYMS A/Negale Arsi Negale ATJK Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa DPs Displaced peoples ERA Ethiopian Road Authority IFC International Finance Corporation ESSMD Environment, Safeguard and Social Management Directorate FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FGD Focus Group Discussion GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HHs House Holds IAIA International Association for Impact assessment IFC International Financial Corporation KII Key Informant Interview LRP Livelihood Restoration Plan M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NALRP Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan NGO Non-Government Organization OCSA Oromia Credit and Saving Associations ONRS Oromia National Regional States OP Operational Policy PAHs/PAHHs Project Affected Households PAPs Project Affected Peoples RAP Resettlement Action Plan ROWs Right of ways RPF Resettlement Policy framework SNNPRS. South Nation and Nationality Peoples Regional State SPSS Statistical Package for social science TOR Terms of Reference TVET Technical and Vocational Education Training VGs Vulnerable Groups vii Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Description of the Project The Modjo-Hawassa covers total 202.47 km and construction underway divided in four road section. The LOT3 road section (Zeway-Arsi Negele projects) covers a total length of 57.1 km. The road corridor traverses two woredas of Oromia National Regional State, Adami Tullu Jido Kombolicha (ATJK) and Arsi Negele. It traverses 17 rural kebeles from which the majority 12 rural kebeles are in ATJK and 5 rural kebeles are in Arsi Negele woreda. The need assessment survey and LRP field study conducted from mid of November-December/ 2020 to identify project impact, identify eligible people, extent and severity of livelihood affected and their livelihood restoration needs. Rationale Development projects often generate important positive economic and social impacts for the national and whole society and cause costs (environmental or social) to the community at the grass root levels where they are implemented. One of the devastating effects is displacement and livelihood loss worsen the wellbeing of the other to poverty due to the impacts of the development induced projects. The effect may not end only economic, but also socio-political grievance in the short-, medium- or long-term period that needs to address in systematic manner. The Ethiopian government, World Bank and other development policies adopted safeguard policy and direction that dictates project affected people suffering losses caused by the project should be minimized, compensated, and assisted in improving or at least restoring their standards of living after the project impact. The government of Ethiopia proclamation 1161/2019 also that it is necessary condition that government needs to use land for development works it carries out for public service whereas it is essential to determine properties affected and lost economic interests and the thereof pay land holders whose landholdings and property are expropriated or damaged or lost their economic interests in the process of expropriation fair and equitable compensation with livelihood restoration options. Objectives The general objective of the assignment was to undertake need assessment and Livelihood restoration plan. Some of the specific objectives of the need assessment and LRP includes a) Provide a thorough understanding of the socio-economic impact of the project and profiles of project affected households; b) Determine eligibility criteria, inclusion/targeting criteria and screen the PAPs to be targeted and eligible for the LRP ; c) Identifying project impacts, land loss and impact of land-taken or the percentage of land affected d) Identify the types of livelihood and related activities preferred needs of the PAHs; e) Prepare a detailed implementation plan with estimated costs and budget schedule. Documents review: In Ethiopia, livelihood restoration is a recent approach and less documents available for review. However, effort was made, and available national and international documents were searched viii Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project and reviewed rigorously. The reviewed documents listed in reference at the end of this report and some of the relevant documents reviewed mainly include national and regional legal and regulatory frameworks and policies including Land Expropriation Laws in Ethiopia and World Bank related to land acquisition and resettlement (, World Bank OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement) relevant reports like ERA guideline and other documents including RAP and RAP implementation reports were reviewed. The reviewed documents helped to identify types of livelihoods impacted, the impacts of land acquisition on their livelihoods; eligibility criteria and manners to restore back the livelihoods of the PAHs. One the challenges in LOT2 road project is that data on list of PAPS was not provided by ERA and the consultant made effort and organized from available compensation data sources. For the qualitative data collection, based on checklist questionnaires public consultations, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and consulted with PAPs, woreda and kebele office. For the primary data, quantitative (census survey) was conducted to gather quantitative data regarding demographic and socio-economic characteristics of PAHs. The census survey was conducted as whole along the main road alignment as well as borrows pits and working sites affected and those registered and paid compensation for their property lost and/or other economic livelihood loss. Consultation and focus group discussion also conducted in each kebele consultation and focus group discussion was conducted on the project impacts and their preference need for their livelihood restoration, assessed potential economic livelihood source and selection of livelihood restoration enterprises, and formulated the LRP. Eligibility criteria: The LRP requires scarce capital resource and high cost to cover all PAPs and not all project affected people are eligible for LRP. The basic eligibility criteria used was based on the World Bank involuntary resettlement (Land loss greater than 20%). The basis for eligibility is land loss greater than 20% for all groups. Other criteria like family size and number of dependent/dependency ratio, income loss and vulnerability were used as supplementary criteria for budget allocation based on level of impact. Major Findings Socioeconomic: The Ziway-Arsi Negele road section travers 15 rural kebeles 10 kebeles in ATJK) and 5 kebeles in Dugda Woredas of Oromia Regional states. The road project has no road link with major towns along the corridors. Thus, project affected people are rural kebeles and land-based impacts. In the project corridor economic activities and income source mainly from crop and vegetable production and livestock production used as supplementary food and income sources. ix Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Survey framework: The LRP focus mainly economic and physical livelihood affected and the census survey identified a total 911 PAHs whose economic livelihood affected. As to the date of the survey date (Nov. 2020), a total 1047 PAHHs including economic and non-economic impacts. From the total 1,047 households, about 911 PAHHs are found economic affected and the remaining (136 households) were identified to be non-economic affected like graveyard and others. PAPs and Household characteristics: Based on the survey data result, a total of 911 PAHHs (784 male and 127 Female). Many of the PAPs are in the age group 30-70 years (445 or 83.58%) and 52 people in the age group above 70 years that accounts 5.7% of the total project affected peoples. Population: The total number of PAPs population is 7,733 and 46% of the populations are below 18 years, and youth groups 18-30 years accounts 33.4% and age 30-70 years 19.35% and age above 70 years accounts 1.29%. Family size: The marriage structure practice polygamy in which one male couple with two or more female partners (27%). In community were one male coupled two or more wife it is expected high family size. In this survey the average family size is 8.5 persons per household. The total population including family members of project affected people 7731 that comprises male (50.2%) and female (49.8%). Economic activities: The major and primary economic activities and occupation of the PAPs is farming mainly crop production and livestock sector as secondary occupation that supplement the livelihood of the people. The project kebeles are located along the major roadway to Hawassa corridor where strong urban–rural economic linkages in fruits and vegetable, petty trade, and the project corridor also potential development zones like Bulbula industrial parks and Hawassa industrial parks and other tertiary economic activities on establishment and flouring to attract strong rural-urban linkage and agriculture–industrial forward and backward linkage for industrialization. In this regard the road project expects to contribute market and transportation role and local, region and national development without disregarding the project impacts on the local and PAPs. The Project impacts have been reflected by the PAPs, that affected or expected to be affected by loss of at least one or more of their economic livelihood assets or holdings. The road project affected one or more of their economic livelihood assets or other asset holdings. These include loss of farmlands, grazing land, trees, residential houses, and others. Accordingly, economic property affected are farmland; grazing land and some lost both farmland grazing land as economic livelihood sources in which 831 HHs (91.2%) affected their farmland; 46 PAPs (5%) affected their grazing land and the remaining 34 PAPs (3.7%) affected both farmland and grazing land. During the survey the road project is yet start stage and according to PAPs viewpoints the project impacts is not fully realized and fear to be devastating their livelihood system. From the experience in other project, in addition to direct economic impacts, the road project caused indirect impacts mainly flooding their farmland and severe damage and complaint in many kebeles. x Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project PAPs/Vulnerability and Eligibility criteria; The primary eligibility criteria is land loss greater than 20% for all PAPs groups. The other criteria like number of dependents, disability and vulnerability are supplementary criteria for budget allocation based on impacts and vulnerability conditions. The livelihood restoration target is PAPs, but unemployed youths of PAPs are also considered for training and capacity building to initiate to start their effort start their own business for self-support business activities. The LOT3 road project classified entirely land based impacts and first land greater than 20% is used as major criteria in determining eligibility. Based on the land criteria a total of 437 PAPs are found eligible. These include 89 PAPs vulnerable groups and required to exclude the VGs to avoid double count of vulnerable groups. Thus, excluding vulnerable (89) from the total 437 and excluding the 89 VGs, a total 348 PAPs are eligible for livelihood restoration plan. The summary on numbers of eligible PAPs and vulnerable groups composition is presented in the following table. PAPs and Vulnerable composition Eligibility Indicator No. PAPs Those Who Lost greater than 20% of their Land 437 Vulnerable PAPs  Physical Disability (Sever illness/HIV/AIDS or other) 49  age>70 20  Widows 20 Total Vulnerable Groups 89 PAPs for (LRP) 348 Formulation of LRP: Livelihood restoration plans have been formulated to support the income restoration efforts of the directly affected PAPs. The basis for formulation of the restoration plan is to enable PAPs not only to restore their income but also to increase income there by to improve their standard of living through a set of integrated strategies and assistances during implementation of the plan. The criteria for formulation and selection of the LRP enterprises considered degree of impact of the project on each PAHHs, preference of PAPs, marketing of the product, gender sensitivity, special accommodation of vulnerable groups, skill and management capacity of the PAPs, capacity of implementing & supporting institutions, availability of finance, inputs, external and internal risks, and uncertainties Landholding and land expropriated: The survey made effort on the detail land information along the road corridor including the total land parcel and total land holding size, land parcel within the road corridor and land size affected by the road project. The total land hold size computed, and the minimum land hold size is 0.125ha and maximum 12 ha and the average 2.1ha. The land within the road corridor is minimum 0.125 ha and maximum 11 ha. The land within the road corridor is minimum 0.000656 ha and maximum 5.67 ha. The LRP for PAHHs is formulated based on the degree of impacts and extent of land or non-land economic affected. The based impacts based on total land xi Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project holding size of households and computed percentage of land loss expropriated by the road project. The majority 474 (52%) of PAPs affected less than 20% of their land and 90 PAPs or (9.9%) affected (80-100%) of their total landholding. PAPs and LRP Enterprises: The livelihood restoration enterprises identified urban and rural based livelihood restoration scheme based on their preference needs and total seven specific livelihood restoration scheme identified for the PAPs. Eligible PAPs primarily land loss greater than 20% and a total of 348 PAPs identified to be eligible for livelihood restoration excluding the VGs. The LRP packages are agriculture and non-agriculture livelihood activities. A total of 348 PAPs identified to undertake different livelihood activities and 118 Youths participate in training of these livelihood schemes who provide support for own families and initiate/start up and develop their own business skills in farm and non-farm activities. These includes farm based (improved crop production, irrigation-based farming, animal fattening, and dairy) and non-farm based (grain trade and, fruits and vegetable marketing, and local transport service). Summery on number of PAPs by livelihood activities Livelihood schemes Livelihood Restoration Schemes Number of PAPs Youth Total Agriculture Agriculture input/Farm based 154 52 206 Irrigation scheme 30 10 40 Fattening 55 19 74 Dairy 48 16 64 Non agriculture Local transport 21 7 28 Grain trade 20 7 27 Vegetable and fruits market 20 7 27 Total number of PAPs for LRP 348 118 466 The enterprises selected are based on local specific potential resources available, their need preference and place of work, skills/prior experience/knowledge. LRP cost and Budget allocation The budget allocation and cost for each PAPs were computed based on the weighted average of impacts (Land loss: income loss and dependency). Possible effort was made to optimize investment cost and severity of impacts and high expectation of PAPs for their livelihood restoration needs in place. All the livelihood schemes are identified based on local resources, skills, and knowledge of the target PAPs. LRP Direct Cost: The LRP packages are identified based on local resource, skills, and their long-life experience. The packages are mainly agriculture and urban based non-agriculture activities. The LRP direct total cost estimated to birr 34,121,488 excluding budgets for vulnerable, training and all other overhead cost (Annex 2.10). Disability and Vulnerable Groups: Like for PAPs land loss greater than 20% also apply to be eligible for vulnerability. In planning the livelihood restoration scheme identified physical disability, old-aged disability, and widows vulnerable groups who unable to work for physical or other health problems. Those vulnerable PAPs unable to work are identified with total 89 Vulnerable PAPs. These groups lost their land due to the road xii Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project project and their livelihood restoration budget computed based on the weighted average of land loss impacts, income loss and number vulnerable or vulnerability indexes and total birr 9,113,189 allocated for vulnerable group support (Annex 2.8) Training and capacity building In general, training and capacity is proposed for PAHHs and their youths. Awareness on financial concept and essence of livelihood restoration and financial management is a pre-condition before fund disbursement. The LRP implementation involves different stakeholders, and training capacity building required at two major level, 1) Woreda and kebele implementing sectors and 2) PAHHs and youths. To ensure quality and the training should be in order of sequence, separate training session for implementing body and PAPs. First, train the implementing sector/stakeholders as trainers of trainer to cascade down to the PAHHs. The two-training session, 1) stakeholders and 2) PAHs and youth groups can attend in one training session. The key areas of training Awareness creation mainly on essence of livelihood restoration and other topics of issues in the line with their livelihood activity package and includes:  Awareness creation on essence of livelihood restoration and strategies  Agricultural input and extension services for increased production and productivity  Livestock management training (for both dairy production and animal fattening),  Financial literacy and money management training for efficient financial use and management (practice credit & saving strategy and financial planning at the household level).  Livelihood business skill and develop alternative/supplementary income generating activities. The training cost includes budget for trainers and training participants and accordingly included in the training and capacity building budget and the birr 1,009,600 and the detail cost breakdown indicted (table 28) for training participants and trainers cost is allocated for training and capacity building. LRP BUDGET Option 1: The PAPs livelihood needs identified first livelihood needs and second livelihood needs as alternative options for the livelihood alternatives. Based on PAPs first choice (Option I), the total LRP cost for LOT3 of Ziway-Arsi Negele road section estimated to birr 52,142,638. This includes budget for land based affected PAPs; Vulnerable PAPs as well as independent consultant, training capacity building, internal monitoring cost; midterm evaluation and post implementation audit cost. The budget summery is given in the following table and detail in Annex 2 (Excel Sheet 2.12) xiii Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Table 1: Summary of the LRP Budget (Option 1) No. of PAHs & their members (Option 1) Economic Sector/Livelihood activity Budget Family PAPs No members 1 Agriculture Related Activities Farm (Agriculture inputs) for PAPs 154 592 15,428,400 Irrigation farm 30 100 3,162,338 Fattening project enterprise 55 222 6,152,225 Dairy farm inputs 48 190 4,946,275 Sub total 287 1104 29,689,238 2 Non-Agriculture Related Activities Fruit and vegetables market 20 93 1,451,000 Grain trade market 20 76 1,472,400 Local transport service 21 92 1,508,850 sub-Total 61 261 4,432,250 Total 348 1365 34,121,488 3 Vulnerable groups 89 9,113,189 4 Training and capacity building (348PAPs & 118 Youths) 348 118 1,009,600 Assistance for group/cooperative 1,607,601 Independent consultant and other cost (5%) 2,292,594 Community organization and management (1%) 481,445 Woreda implementation committee and GRM (2%) 972,518 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation (1.5%) (ERA & others) 743,977 Midterm evaluation (1%) 503,424 Post implementation Audit 1,296,803 Total 52,142,638 Source: Census survey, November 2020, Annex 2 (sheet 2.10) The proposed LRP enterprises contributes food supply and marketing have high social and financial benefit and feasible that significantly contribute to local, regional, and thereby to the national economy. Mode of Organization (Individual/Group): The mode of engagement (Group or individual) owned livelihood is one of the concerns regarding implementation and realizing the identified LRP package. Most of the PAHs preferred to work on individual basis instead of group and other arrangements like cooperatives. On the other hand, groups based is preferred for budget allocation, better monitor and management and sustainability. In order to compromise the two (individual or group), it depends on the nature of the LRP package. Accordingly, some of the activities like irrigation and grain market are proposed to be organized in group based on their interest and proximity kebeles. However, the budget proposed for individual basis and open for individual or group arrangements by merging their allocated budget. Community organization and management requires assigned experts under the independent consultant and budget allocated in the LRP. Organization and management for Implementation: The effective and successful implementation of the LRP ultimately depends upon institutional and organizational arrangements made for its implementation. The LRP implementation will be through existing project structures for easily adopt the implementation process (figure 7). Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) and woreda structures are the main responsible for the LRP implementation. ERA will assign independent LRP implementation xiv Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project consultant who is responsible to coordinate the LRP implementation. The independent consultant will deploy additional manpower as required many community mobilization and cooperative expert to establish PAPs in group and cooperatives. The required budget is allocated for independent consultant and community organization expert who organize PAPs in groups and manage conflict that may arises in the process. Fund Transfer: The LRP fund should reach the PAPs as per the plan proposal and the fund transfer and financial management should not be complicated but should closely monitored to reduce embezzlement. The budget will be allocated and disbursed through ERA who is the authorized body for budget transfer to the beneficiary. The allocated budget should be used for the proposed livelihood activities that need to ensure utilization of the budget for the intended livelihood purpose. The budget transfer through organizing new structure of procurement committee will have major drawbacks due to, complex, long process, delay due to bureaucratic system and delay of budget to reach the target in need and further in the long process of procurement susceptible for embezzlement and less likely to reach the PAPs on time to restore for their livelihood. From the compensation experience, the PAPs mention that lack of awareness and training indicated as major constraints. According to PAPs, if training and awareness given each PAPs can take responsibility and prefer the livelihood budget transferred to their joint account of husband and wife. An alternative fund transfer is allocated budget transferred to Joint Bank account of husband and wife. The are some four preconditions identified for PAPs to access livelihood restoration fund; 1) participation in training; 2) signed commitment for use of the fund for the intended livelihood purpose; 3) To ensure allocation of the budget for the intended uses, 4) In addition to PAPs signed commitment, group collateral signed between PAPs who know each other. The PAPs take responsibility in procurement of livelihood input and implementation of his/her livelihood schemes that expected to reduce complain and grievance that may arise in budget transfer and procurement process and 4) Approval of the livelihood by woreda technical team. Other criteria like opening joint bank account may be added as required. The organizational arrangement includes ERA and Oromia region government the higher political and decision making whereas the Independent implementation consultant, zonal and woreda and kebele level structures are responsible implementing partners. The overall LRP implementation, reporting and organizational arrangement is indicated in chapter eight and the organizational flow chart/figure 7 xv Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Grievance Redress: The LRP implementing is complex and challenging in many aspects. The grievance management should be cost effective and in case of LOT 3 road project, the construction is underway and existing GRM may help LRP implementation rather than establish new GRM structures. Therefore, considering the project capacity and resources, (human and financial), existing GRM supposed to have experience and expertise and preferred option for LOT 3 project. The ERA safeguard specialist and staffs work closely with Grievance redress committee (GRC) and provide support as required. From the PAPs sides, Women are to be represented in the committee to strengthen and reflect women interest. The grievance redress committee (GRC) is responsible for any matters that arise in the courses of LRP implementation, and amicably resolve any compliant and provide assistance. Implementation plan and schedule: The project affected people (PAPs), woreda administration and stakeholders’ sector office appreciate the effort being undergoing for livelihood restoration plan. The project affected peoples raises their livelihood restoration in place as outstanding issues and urged fast implementation of the LRP. Accordingly, if the LRP documents get approval in January 2021 and budget secured March 2022, the implementation of the LRP expected to start April 2022 and complete April 2023. Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and evaluation are the key components in the courses of the LRP implementation for a dual or multiple purpose: (a) ensure and optimize implementation of the proposed LRP and livelihood in place. (b) to document major result indicator and success to meet intended objectives. c) Draw learning lesson to scale up the best practices for other projects. Monitoring and evaluation activities should continue during implementation and after implementation of the LRP with the objective to ensure effective implementation and achieve its intended objectives. The type of evaluation depends on the type and nature of the project, which commonly includes Internal, Interim and External evaluation. For this Project, Interim evaluation may be required although, short period that implementation of LRP to complete in one year. Midterm evaluation is not mandatory and optional and conducted as may be required. Thus, monitoring and evaluation of the LRP will be conducted in two or three stages. Thus, two monitoring and evaluation expected: a) Internal and Monitoring evaluation to be carried by implementing body (ERA and sector office) b) Midterm evaluation (as may be required) c) Post audit External evaluation/post implementation and completion audit to be undertaken by an independent body The Internal M & E is to measure progress of the LRP and can be undertaken by ERA and staffs drawn from implementing partners. The Midterm evaluation is optional to be conducted as may be found appropriate. It is to be conducted six months after starting the LRP implementation with aims to xvi Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan; FINA L REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project measure on going implementation status and inform decision-making amendment whether it achieve the intended goals. The midterm evaluation will be conducted by team of exert from stakeholders. Post implementation Audit: The post audit or external evaluation is to be undertaken by an independent external body. The budget is allocated in the LRP plan and to be allocated by government through ERA and World Bank will provide technical support. The LRP implementation and monitoring; midterm evaluation and post evaluation audit involve cost as indirect and overhead cost. With this understanding, the budget required for LRP independent consultant/implementation, monitoring cost and LRP post implementation audit cost are separately included in the LRP budget. xvii Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.1 Background It is believed that improved road network plays important role that facilitate market and contribute sustainable economic growth. The government of Ethiopia and development financers have placed increased emphasis on the improvement of the quality and extent of road infrastructure in the country. Toward this end, Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) has been vested for managing, maintenance and development of the national road network across the country. One of these projects being undergoing is the Modjo-Hawaasa highway road project being implemented by government of Ethiopia and in partner with development financers. The Modjo-Hawassa 202.47 km road project is part of the Trans –African Highway connect many African countries and the longest amongst the Trans African highways covering more than 10,000km and linking Addis Ababa with Kenya and the ports of Mombasa and other African countries. The Modjo-Hawassa highway road project is continuation of government effort to improve the standards of Trans-East African highways as a member of the common market for eastern and southern Africa (COMESA) countries and facilitates its import-export corridors to minimize the cost of its transit traffic. The Modjo-Hawasa road highway is financed by four external financers, the African Development Bank, China Exim Bank, Korea Exim Bank, and the World Bank each supporting discrete section of the road. The Ziway-Arsi Negele section is financed by the World Bank. The Livelihood Restoration Plan (LRP) report consists of the detail need assessment and the livelihood restoration activities required for those Project affected persons (PAPs) impacted by LOT3 road project (Ziway-Arsi Negele section). 1.2 Description of the project The Modjo-Hawassa covers total 202.47 km road project and the Zeway-Arsi Negele section has a total length of 57.1 km. The route starts west side of Zeway town at km 92.896 and ends at km 150 before Arsi Negele town. The road corridor traverses two woredas that are in two administrative zones of Oromia National Regional State (ONRS). The two woredas crossed are Adami Tullu Jido Kombolicha and Arsi Negele. The location of the Project Road Corridor is indicated in Figure 1 that follows. 18 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Figure 1: Location map of the LOT3 Ziway-Arsi Negele Road Project The road project is expected to contribute long term economic benefit for the country and at continental level, and the immediate benefit of the proposed Modjo-Hawasa road project is enhancing efficient and safety in transportation of goods and people along the Modjo-Hawasssa development corridor. It is also anticipated to contribute accelerated development not only for the country (Ethiopia), but also expected to facilitate trade and economic development amongst other African countries in many aspects. a) Facilitate trade between Ethiopia and Kenya as well as other southern African countries b) Establish an efficient intercity corridor between Addis Ababa, the economic capital of African countries c) Facilitate the export of agriculture and non-agriculture product and helps to strengthen the import –expert and market linkages with other African countries d) Facilitate the tourism industry along the Modjo-Hawassa corridor, the national parks in south and create economic opportunities in providing employment to the local people e) In general, the highway project believed to both direct and indirect benefit in facilitating economic, social, and cultural connection. Likewise, the project appraisal and ESIA documents and RAP reports indicated adverse impacts of the project. According to TOR for the task assignment, the cumulative impact of the whole Modjo- Hawassa highway road project divided into four sections (LoT1, LoT2, LoT3 and LoT4) and expected to affect 3,574 households (HH) with a total of 24,030 project affected persons (PAPs). It was indicated 19 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project in the TOR that 452HHs (2,712 PAPS) will have to be permanently resettled while the remaining (2,498HH) or 21,318 PAPs will be permanently affected (due to loss of strips of farmland and could continue with their livelihood with the remaining land size after being properly compensated for the lost crops, trees, and forgone benefit. The LOT3 RAP documents review indicates LOT3 (Ziway-Arsi Negele section) has been prepared in seven RAP documents and indicates a total of 1,149 PAPs were identified to be impacted. However, the field level assessment and the final RAP implementation report indicates a total of 848 PAPs were entitled for compensation payment. As parts of safeguards requirement for additional support, ERA is committed to extend its effort to help affected peoples thorough livelihood restoration measures and vulnerable groups supported based on their vulnerability context, needs and interests by sorting out some eligibility criteria and principles. With this view in mind, ERA has developed TOR to guide for conducting the detail need assessment and livelihood restoration plan and contracted the individual consultant to conduct need assessment and LRP. 1.3 Rationale for Need Assessment and Preparation of the LRP Need Assessments is crucial important element in development LRP for sharing information and response options. The need assessment survey captures information on project area economic activities and PAPs socioeconomic profiles, demography, skills, knowledge and experiences and the knowledge collected led to the adoption of the LRP. Livelihood Restoration: The FDRE enacted national social protection policy, November 2014. The policy focus to protect citizens from exclusion, ensure their rights and needs by reducing the vulnerability to risk that emanate from economic and social structural imbalances. It also identified target groups to be given due emphasis in the policy (children, women, old aged and disabilities, etc.). The World Bank safeguard policies and International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards also specify the social safeguard requirements to be affected compensation and livelihood restoration for project-induced displacement and resettlement actions. World Bank noted that development project implemented without appropriate resettlement safeguards are less likely succeeded. The displacement and the processes of resettlement often leads PAPs to less land and reduced livelihood sources due to many factors:  Low compensation paid below replacement cost  Delay in compensation process leading to devaluation 20 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Replacement property price escalation  Lack of replacement land with equal potential  Ever increasing living cost and escalation of living cost  PAPs deprived economic opportunities after the cut of date and opportunity loss compared to the unaffected neighbor counterpart. The document review in International Association for Impact assessment (IAIA, 2016), shows involuntary resettlement under development induced projects, if unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks: production systems are dismantled; people face impoverishment when their productive assets or income sources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks are weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished or lost.” These all lead to economic and social crises and may sometimes cause political issues rising to instability. Therefore, project induced relocation requires consultation with PAPs and should be guided by certain safeguard polies and principles. These key principles include:  Do not harm to the livelihoods and property of local householders, and preferably improve their well-being.  Avoid disruption and damage to villages, homes, and other structures.  Do not increase social and economic disadvantage and inequality.  Protect affected peoples’ livelihoods where possible and maintain access to livelihoods assets.  Protect essential infrastructure such as water supplies, village access points, schools churches, and meeting places.  If assets are taken and restoration is required, it should focus on existing sustainable livelihoods strategies and assets.  Improve the situation of women and other vulnerable persons.  Avoid substituting real livelihoods with cash compensation pay-outs.  Where cash compensation is provided, make sure female members receive a fair share, and the money is not wasted and create sustainable livelihood options. The World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Source Book states, cash compensation may not ensure Asset Replacement and specifies that the payment of cash compensation doesn’t bring sustainable livelihood of the PAPs by itself whereas development assistance in addition to compensation measures should be introduced. It argues that in theory, cash compensation valued at replacement cost allows to 21 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project restore incomes and living standards whereas in practice several obstacles have impeded conversion of cash into replacement assets (or alternative income-restoration measures). The livelihood restoration with improved livelihood and income is necessary condition for resettled and PAPs to recoup losses and opportunity cost and to catch up with their previous living standards and more. The Ethiopian government social protection, the ERA guideline and world bank and all other project financers support social protection and safeguard standards across the whole road corridor. This LRP needs assessment and the LRP preparation was conducted and prepared based on the rationale and principles outlined above. 1.4 Objective of the LRP The objectives of LRP are to undertake need assessment and Livelihood restoration plan for Ziway- Arsi Negele section of the Modjo-Hawasa Expressway Road Development Project. The specific objectives include, but not limited to.  Identify the livelihood needs and types of activities that the project affected households will engage in.  Set inclusion/targeting criteria, identify, and screen the PAPs to be targeted in the LRP  Identify the scope of impact of land-take or the percentage of land the PAPs lost (distinguish between PAPs losing more and less than 20% of their landholdings and whether remaining parcels meet the minimum viable parcel size for farming or continue their livelihood).  Assess the different option for livelihood restoration including land for land compensation based on their need assessment.  Identify livelihood restoration activities and plan by which the PAPs will be able to restore their livelihoods.  Identify stakeholders that can have a role and participate in planning and implementation of the LRP.  Conduct survey on PAPs and design Income restoration plan with reference to the occupational profile of PAPs and  Ensure participatory development planning for robust implementation of LRP to ensure that PAPs are better off.  Develop capacity building training, facilitation of linkages, providing information and advice to enable PAPs restores their livelihoods.  Develop LRP implementation cost, budgeting, and financing arrangement  Set appropriate LRP implementation structure, monitoring, and evaluation framework 22 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project In general, it aims to collect information regarding the project affected peoples and highlight key planning approaches and principles to be adopted. In addition, it aims to identify the main types of income restoration and community development schemes and plan for the PAPs to restore their livelihood and improve their living standards. 1.5 Scope of the assessment The scope of task basically includes need assessment and preparation of LRP. The targets for the need assessment are those PAPs who lost land greater than 20% of their landholding and those PAPs who lost non land economic livelihood affected and vulnerable groups. The assessment generally include, but not limited to, the impacts of the land acquisition on the livelihood of PAPs; the baseline demographic profile; employment and socioeconomic activities of the affected households; identification of vulnerable groups who needs special attention and considerations; inclusion/targeting criteria and screening the PAPs to be targeted in the LRP; identify the scope of impact of land-take or the percentage of land the PAPs lost (distinguish between PAPs losing more and less than 20% of their landholdings and whether remaining parcels meet the minimum viable parcel size for farming to continue their livelihood). Based on the need assessment, this LRP was developed considering PAPs past livelihood base, business skills and livelihood preferences (the first and the second choice) of the PAPs to be considered as alternative; and identify available feasible business and marketing alternatives (farm based; Nonfarm and employment options); identify and organize livelihood restoration activities, develop organization and management modalities as well as monitoring and evaluation system for the LRP. 1.6 Methodology and Approach 1.6.1 General Both quantitative survey and qualitative data analysis approach were used during the study and preparation of the LRP. The census survey targeted that project impacted peoples, paid compensation for screening eligible for LRP. It included all the PAPs affected by the road project, i.e., along the main roadway, access roads; camp sites, disposal areas, quarry and working sites and other components would be included in the LRP. As general approach, the need assessment and livelihood restoration planning followed participatory approach where PAPs participated in consultation sessions and forwarded their opinion in relation to the project impacts, land acquisition, compensation, and livelihood restoration issues…etc. 23 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 1.6.2 Data collection Methods As general methodology and study approach, the detail needs assessment and LRP used flexible and multidimensional study approach that includes.  Document Review (updated RAPs documents, RAP implementation reports, legislation, and policy framework)  Collected Primary and secondary data collection on number of PAPs and related impacts of the project.  Conducted census survey on the need assessment by using structured questionnaires to identify demographic characteristics and needs and available livelihood options  Discussion/meeting was held with project social and environmental management team as well as local stakeholders (woreda, kebele and project affected community groups).  Conducted focus group discussion, key informant interview and community consultation. Interview and consultation with target groups to explore their needs and define their desired livelihood options 1.6.3 Survey and work process Census survey was used for the need assessment. Accordingly, comprehensive, and structured questionnaires were prepared for the need assessment survey. The census survey of the PAPs was carried out in November 2020 to capture their socio-economic and livelihood activities such as age, sex, education level, income level, household size, etc. The survey also provides PAPs livelihood assets, identifies their respective interests, and needs for business to generate income and their skills and preferred livelihood needs. The targets for the survey are PAHHs who received compensation and the actual land size measured and recorded for compensation payment and the land size affected taken from recorded compensation payment data sources. The actual land size affected was taken from compensation payment data sources and the total landholding size of the PAHs asked the PAHHs to arrive the land loss and computed percentage of land loss from the total landholding size. In addition to this direct parameter, other related parameters were also collected including whether the remaining land is economically use full or full loss; the total land plots and total land holding sizes of the HHs; types of land (Farm or grazing land) and non-land affected; compensation and use of the compensation fund Livelihood restoration need and basic information on the PAHHs profile for eligibility criteria. Accordingly, enumerators were selected from the two project woredas and provided them training on the content 24 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project and approach of the survey. The training venue was used at LOT3 meeting hall and the project resident engineer also forwarded views and the way forward to undertake and implement the LRP. Figure 2; Training of enumerators and field survey mobilization session The need assessment survey was conducted under the supervision of the assigned individual consultant. In addition, supervisors and enumerators are recruited and trained from the local areas of respective woredas and kebeles. The selection of enumerators was undertaken carefully in close collaboration with the woreda labour and social affairs. Prior to undertaking of the survey, all the enumerators were trained at the respective woreda town. They were trained mainly on the scope and structure of the questionnaires. The questionnaires and trainings basically focus on the basic preference/need assessment, landholding size, and affected land size, whether remaining land area economically useful, compensation and use of fund, potential and preference needs of business enterprises and preferred needs of activities. Following the training session, all the group members made pilot survey together so that they can acquire more practical lessons from each other under the supervision of assigned supervisor social experts. At the next stage, the enumerator mobilized to their nearest Kebeles where they know the roadways to locate where PAPs are found, and supervisor closely supervised and validated the process and the collected data on spot. The survey was conducted primarily under the assigned individual consultant and other assistant supervisor and data enumerator assigned from the respective woredas and graduates available in each kebele. 1.6.4 Analysis of available economic activities and opportunities There seems misunderstand by the PAPs and even some other expert that livelihood restoration as if just disbursement of fund. However, cash disbursement itself may not ensure livelihood restoration. Livelihood restoration is more about identification of land and non-land livelihood options and capacity development based on local resources, skills, and knowledge of the PAPs. To this end, awareness creation was conducted at woreda and kebele levels in the process of undertaking the need 25 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project assessment survey. As input for planning the LRP, analysis of local specific economic activities and opportunities were identified. Available livelihood restoration options were identified and proposed for the LRP of the PAPs. The livelihood restorations were multifaceted intervention options that includes. i. Land based ii. Non land based iii. Project based employment and The feasible and workable options were suggested based on local specific context, target PAPs needs/preference, skills and others including, but not limited to.  Availability of resource potentials especially land as well as existing and forthcoming economic, employment and market opportunities in the project affected areas,  Assess local economic activities and preference option of PAPs (Farming, Trading, Livestock and additional Livelihood Activities and Income sources  Analysis of economic and financial profitability, marketing, socio-cultural viability in proposing strategies and income generating schemes as well as providing different options and choices.  Provide implementation framework and institutional arrangement with relevant implementing stakeholders The LRP was aligned with existing resources, knowledge, skills, and household experiences as well as local specific context business enterprises model based on preference need of the target PAPs. 1.6.5 Needs/Preference Census Survey Structured questionnaires were prepared, and survey was conducted on their livelihood schemes need preference assessment. The survey covered 13 kebeles in which compensation already paid. During the survey, the road construction was underway and right of way and compensation payment is not yet finalized in three kebeles (Worja Woshugala, Kemo Gerbi and Gerbi Wudina). The need assessment tried to align with their past livelihood system, resources and their skills. As much as possible, it was based on the target beneficiary and also used expert knowledge to identify existing and future economic activities and possible business opportunities and align with the needs/ preferences of project affected people (PAPs). The major socioeconomic information was collected though survey and the data analyzed using SPSS computer software. 1.6.6 Consultation with PAPs 26 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project The need assessment and the LRP was made in participatory approach where public consultations are conducted in each kebeles. The participants were PAPs who have lost their livelihood and income sources within the road corridor, borrow pits, quarry sites, camp and other working sites. The point of discussions focused on the road project impacts, compensation and use f fund, their livelihood restoration needs and planning. Preparation of the LRP also involved close consultation of local level administration mainly Woreda and kebele administration to make preparation of livelihood restoration plan and its implementation strategies very participatory. Figure 3: Public consultation, Wolicho Boramou Kebele As part of the need assessment survey and livelihood restoration, gender specific needs are assessed and identified. The analysis tried to come up with gender based interventions that focused women specific preference needs. Figure 4: Need assessment survey with women group, Deka Harangema and Hora Kello Kebele Women headed and women landowners come and expressed their interest in relation to their future livelihood needs. Women on the road corridor involve marketing and cart transport at large as income generating activities. The Donkey pulled cart transport contribute human and freight transport service from rural to urban where both male and female operate the transportation service and earn supplementary cash income to their livelihood. Some of them used the compensation fund for purchase of Donkey with cart as their livelihood strategy. In addition, gender related constraint was also assessed 27 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project and identified on socially defined roles, relationships and responsibilities of both women and men within the social and economic context of the project area. The experience shows that women are most responsible in saving than male where women shared in the previous time compensation paid to their husband which latter changed and wife and husband open joint Bank Account and equal decision making is in place. Consulted women suggest same to continue in the livelihood restoration. Figure 5: Women group in cart driving and marketing and water fetch 1.6.7 Livelihood restoration cost and Financing The “Income restoration and improvement costs” refers to the costs of ensuring opportunities for PAPs to restore or improve their incomes, as well as the costs of providing temporary or permanent income improvement support if required. Costs may include purchase of alternative income-generating assets, capacity building training activities, agricultural extension services, trade or commercial business, identification of employment opportunities, and start-up capitalization for microenterprises. Income improvement support is provided for a reasonable transition period, allowing restoration of income streams; sufficient funding is provided for material and start-up capitalization for microenterprises and plan contingency funds for primary choice for income restoration efforts. Standard resettlement-related costs include four budgeting categories: compensation, relocation costs, income restoration costs, and administrative costs. The costs of replacement of community infrastructure, provision of community services, and development of resettlement sites are related to compensation and relocation, whereas income restoration and improvement is capacity improvement plan that involve budget and technical assistance as may be required. The Income restoration and improvement cost category is more relevant for the LRP budgeting which the report primarily focused and discussed in detail. 28 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Except for compensation, Ethiopian government has not issued proclamation and regulation on eligibility, unit rate and amount of the livelihood restoration. Hence, livelihood restoration cost and budget planning are one of the difficult tasks. The unit rate for compensation amount determination basically uses the land loss or estimated value of property affected and proclamation that guide budget allocation whereas livelihood budget determination and the criteria were not provided in the proclamation. The World Bank livelihood restoration guide and criteria was used and adopted accordingly. The World Bank involuntary resettlement has provision on certain guideline and principles in screening eligible target groups for the livelihood restoration. Based on this guide and Ethiopian social protection policy framework, the budget allocation was categorized based on two major criteria for budget allocation. 1) extent of the damage; 2) Type of livelihood restoration activities. Extent of damages like % of land/property lost, i.e., PAPs were categorized in % of land loss (20-40%); (40-60); (60-80%) and greater than (80-100%). The first step was identifying land loss and level of impacts and their preference needs for livelihood restoration activities. Categorizing list of activities, identify activities costs and budget allocated based on the detail cost for each activity. Accordingly, the cost of LRP and implementation was comprehensively identified, estimated, and fully internalized within the LRP budget. 2. DOCUMENT REVIEW 2.1 Review of Relevant Policy, Legislation/Regulation and Guideline Relevant national and regional policy documents, world Bank safeguard policy and involuntary resettlement source book and others relevant documents were reviewed. The review also included national and regional strategy documents, as well as mandates of institutions found to be relevant to the preparation and implementation of the livelihood restoration plan. The constitution of the FDRE and relevant safeguard policy and other international safeguard standard reviewed in preparation of the LRP documents. The key aspects of the World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement and guidelines applied for the formulation of income restoration which critically reviewed in preparation of the LRP report. 2.1.1 The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Constitution The Constitution of the FDRE was issued in August 1995. Apart from being the supreme law of the country, it provides the fundamental basis for enactment of all Federal and Regional legislative instruments governing the natural resources use & development. The constitution further states that, all international agreements ratified by Ethiopia are an integral part of the safeguard policy including the law of the land. The provisions contained in the Constitution 29 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project which are relevant to the current livelihood restoration plan task assignment includes, but not limited to.  Articles 40 (3) acknowledges the right to ownership of rural and urban land as well as all natural resources is vested in the states and the people of Ethiopia; land is common property of the people and cannot be sold or purchased.  Articles 40 (4) gives the Ethiopian farmers to obtain land without payment and guarantee protection against eviction from their processions.  Article 40 (7) states that, every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by his labour or capital. This right shall include the right to alienate, to bequeath, and where the right to use expires to remove his property, transfer his title, or claim compensation for it.  Article 40 (7) empowers the Government to expropriate private property for public purposes subject to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of the property.  Article 43 (1) gives broad right to the peoples of Ethiopia to improved living standards and to sustainable development.  Article 43 (2) acknowledges the rights of the people to be consulted with respect to policies and projects affecting their community. 2.1.2 National Social Protection Policy The FDRE enacted national social protection policy, November 2014. The policy focuses on increasing access to social services and providing alternative care and support services for members of the society affected by economic shocks, natural and manmade calamities and those who require special support. The policy focuses on taking measures of enhancing knowledge, skill, and employment opportunities of citizens to increase their incomes and asset building capabilities. Protect citizens from exclusion, ensure their rights and needs by reducing the vulnerability to risk that emanate from economic and social structural imbalances. As stated in the social protection policy of the country, the following target groups given due emphasis in the policy:  Vulnerable people with disabilities and people with mental health problems,  Elderly who has no care and support,  Labor constrained citizens unable to get basic social and economic services,  Children under difficult circumstances,  Vulnerable pregnant and lactating women,  Victims of social problems such as beggars, commercial sex workers,  Citizens affected by HIV and AIDS and other chronic diseases that constrain ability to work, 30 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Segments of the society vulnerable to violence and abuse,  Segments of the society vulnerable to natural and manmade risks,  Unemployed citizens,  Citizens engaged in the informal sector and who have not social insurance coverage,  Victims of human trafficking and repatriated emigrants and others. One of the social policy focus area is promotion of employment opportunities and improve livelihood through different strategies that identified to include.  Introduce and expand off-farm income generating activities,  Provide agricultural inputs to strengthen the economic capacity of rural and urban population,  Promote public works programs, income generating and other employment generation schemes,  Establish labour market information system and take labour market corrective measures,  Promote micro and small enterprise schemes to create employment opportunities for the poor and unemployed to enable them employed and enhance their livelihoods,  Provide skills upgrading training and micro-finance credit service for the poor and vulnerable to create market linkages. 2.1.3 Land Ownership Policy in Ethiopia In Ethiopia, land ownership is proclaimed in a constitution and Land is a public property and articulated in constitution Article 40 (the Right to property) No.2, “Land is a common property of the Ethiopian Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to other means of exchange”. However, it provides privileges that citizens have use right only over land and individual have no right to sale or transaction of land except the property on it. Hence, Article 40 No.7 FDRE Constitution states the right of citizens to develop the land and to have immovable property and make permanent improvements. “Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by his labour or capital. This right shall include the right to alienate, to bequeath, and, where the right use expires, to remove his property, transfer his title, or claim compensation for it. Particulars shall be determined by law”. The Constitution states that the Government has the right to expropriate private property for public use subject to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of the property. Article 40, No. 8 of the Constitution, states that if the land that is used by an individual is expropriated for public use, the person is entitled for compensation; “… the Government has the right to expropriate private property for public purposes subject to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of property”. 31 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Regarding displacement of the public due to development projects, the FDRE Constitution of Article 44 (Environmental Rights) No.2 states that, all persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected because of state programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance. 2.1.4 Expropriation of Landholdings (FDRE Proclamation No. 1161/2019) According to the proclamation 1161/2019, where land is expropriated for public purpose compensation for the property and displacement shall be paid to the landholders. The rationale for preparation LRP, based on proclamation 1161/2019 that states as it is necessary condition that government needs to use land for development works it carries out for public service whereas it is essential to determine properties affected and lost economic interests and the thereof pay land holders whose landholdings and property are expropriated or damaged or lost their economic interests in the process of expropriation fair and equitable compensation. Compensation and resettlement Assistance Compensation for the expropriated land shall sustainably restore and improve the livelihood of displaced peoples. Some of the important and relevant points for compensation and livelihood restoration in the proclamation include.  Compensation and resettlement Assistance Compensation for the expropriated land shall sustainably restore and improve the livelihood of displaced people.  Urban land holders shall be paid compensation for the economic loss they suffer due to temporary displacement.  The budget necessary to cover the costs of compensation and resettlement and the responsible body that shall cover these costs shall be made clear at the time when expropriation for public purpose is decided.  Under the article (4) sub article (1) and (2) states that expropriation of land for public purposes shall be made only based on approved land use plan; urban structural plan; or development master plan.  Pay compensation or provide substitute land before the displacement of people from their landholding. Compensation paid for Economic Loss of Income According to the proclamation, a person who lost economic benefit either permanently or temporarily without being displaced because of land expropriation shall be paid compensation; the person entitled for the compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration. Incomes generated from employment, rentals, business and the like net annual income except that of the income generated from agriculture 32 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project may be considered for determination of the type and amount of compensation. The proclamation has provision for different types of compensation that stated as follows. Property Compensation: The landholder whose land is expropriated shall be paid compensation for the property on the land and the permanent improvement made on the land Displacement Compensation and Land Substitution: As stated in the new proclamation (1161/2019), a landholder who is to be displaced permanently shall be substitute for a reasonable proportion of the land taken from the area, shall be given a substitute land if it is available Displacement Compensation for Communal Landholding: The proclamation also has privileges for communal land holding. The Valuation of displacement compensation for communal landholding shall be based on the use of the communal land, or the lost benefits and livelihood of the displaced People. Displacement compensation and substitute land for Urban Landholders Permanently Displaced, where urban landholders are permanently displaced because of land expropriation, the valuation of the displacement compensation and substitute land given Displacement Assistance to Temporarily Displaced Urban Landholders: Urban or peri-urban land holders’ temporarily displaced shall be provided with substitute housing or compensation to lease a house equivalent to the current rental market of the expropriated house for the period till they displaced. Urban land holders shall be paid compensation for the economic loss they suffer due to temporary displacement. Compensation paid for Economic Loss of Income According to the Proclamation (1161), person who lost economic benefit either permanently or temporarily without being displaced because of land expropriation shall be paid compensation; the person entitled for the compensation, type and amount of compensation shall be determined by the Directives issued by a Regional States. Incomes generated from employment, rentals, business and the like net annual income except that of the income generated from agriculture may be considered for determination of the type and amount of compensation as per sub article 1 of the Article. 2.1.5 FDRE, Regulation number 472/2020 Following the proclamation 1161/2020, the FDRE enacted/endorsed regulation number 472/2020 for expropriation of land for public purpose and valuation, compensation and resettlement. According to this regulation compensation for rural land holder changed from the previous 10 years to 15 years. It states that rural land holder who does not receive farmland replacement will be paid compensation 33 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project amounts annual income multiplied by 15 years. Some of the important article of statement mentioned in the regulation dictates.  woreda and urban administration shall create enabling environment to make PAPs participate in the execution of the resettlement package and shall provide support to enable them sustained income.  Find ways and possible means for the beneficiaries to have as many opportunities as possible.  Woreda and or city/town administration must implement a rehabilitation package for members of family who are 18 years and above or older living with their parents.  Woreda/districts or city administration shall create employment opportunities in accordance with the nature of the project and facilitate adequate training.  The resettlement and income restoration should be prioritized for women, disabled, orphaned and the elderly and old aged people.  Regional states and city administration shall entertain a kind of public-private –partnership or shareholders’ investment with the landowners. 2.1.6 World Bank Involuntary Resettlement, 2004 The policy objective states that to the extent possible; projects shouldn’t displace people unless alternative feasible options are not available. When displacement is however found essential, the policy demands for proper planning and implementation of resettlement and livelihood restoration plan by consultation and participation of the project affected people. Road and highway projects either build new roads or improve existing ones. This distinction is relevant in terms of land acquisition. Opening a corridor for a new road requires substantially more land acquisition, and the negative impacts are usually more severe, than in road rehabilitation or upgrading. In development Projects Whatever must be removed or demolished, whether permanently or temporarily inside a corridor of impact, and people suffering losses caused by the project should be assisted in improving or at least restoring their standards of living after resettlement. Eligibility Criteria and Entitlement According to the bank (OP.4.12), the process of identifying eligible persons for obtaining assistance are also advised to avoid the inclusion of people who are not part of the project affected persons and to avoid the exclusion of project affected persons. Taking the policy into consideration, the need assessment and livelihood restoration plan should avoid the two extreme cases by devising different screening mechanisms for the identification of real PAPs. 34 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Operational Policy (OP) 4.12 uses land ownership and severity of impact as guides to determine eligibility for land based livelihood irrespective of land ownership includes title, customary, and traditional rights, as well as formal and informal contractual rights and including the tenants who have no land ownership and legal rights. Land Tenure as entitlement Bank policy clearly distinguishes legal tenure from occupancy without legal title, which is often termed encroachment or squatting. Legal tenure covers both ownership through legal title (or lease) or occupation or use based on customary and traditional rights that are or can be legally recognized. Land tenure registered title, as well as customary and traditional rights constitutes the initial eligibility criterion. Severity of Impact Resettlement entitlements are generally commensurate with the severity of impact. The effect on economic livelihood determines severity of impact. Severity of impact on landholdings varies with the extent of the DPs’ holdings. But landholdings vary by size, use, and productive capacity, so viability determines severity of actual impact. But no proportional formula can be relied on to consistently meet the compensation and rehabilitation requirements of OP 4.12. As a rule, if a project-affected family loses less than 10 percent of a holding, the impact is minor, because the remaining area is likely to remain economically viable. This rule might not hold if the holdings are very small, in which case even a minor acquisition might render the entire plot unviable. Similarly, as a rule, if a project-affected family loses less than 20 percent of its productive assets and the remainder is economically viable, the family may receive cash compensation. Again, if the holding is small and the remaining area is not economically viable, the family is compensated both for the lost asset and for the remaining unproductive asset. Generally, DPs losing access to less than 20 percent of their landholding can be paid cash compensation at replacement cost for the portion of land lost to them. Displaced peoples (DPs) losing more than 20 percent of their total agricultural land are entitled to a land-replacement and other economic entitlement/rehabilitation option. Displaced peoples (DPs) losing more than 20 percent of their total agricultural land are generally considered severely affected. Those whose livelihoods are land-based and who are losing more than 20 percent of their total productive agricultural land are to be given an option allowing them to acquire comparable replacement land or they may at their option, choose cash compensation and economic rehabilitation, instead of land replacement. Those whose income is not land-based, and their income 35 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project sources and livelihood severely affected like full demolition of workplace may receive cash compensation and/or rehabilitation assistance to allow them to restore or improve their asset/ incomes. Table 2: Severity of impacts and restoration Options. Amount of land Proposed option for compensation/replacement/Restoration acquired Land for prorated cash Rehabilitation Plus, land Or compensation package option to sell residual land Residual Less than 20% - √ - - holding economically More than 20% √ √ √ - viable More than 80% √ √ √ √ Residual For small and √ √ √ √ holding no remaining land longer Percentage economically irrelevant and viable not economically viable Source: world Bank, Involuntary resettlement, 2004 Vulnerable Groups The OP 4.12 of World Bank policy seeks to ensure that resettlement improves the lives of the poor and does not reduce more people to poverty. This goal is achieved by requiring compensation at replacement cost and by providing measures for income restoration and improvement for the vulnerable and people with special needs. Vulnerable people defined as people who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status may be less able to participate fully in the planning process, and/or more adversely affected by land acquisition and the resulting direct and indirect impacts. The distinction is made between pre-existing vulnerability, and Project induced vulnerability. It is the responsibility of the projects to completely avoid or eliminate any instances of Project induced vulnerability. With respect to pre-existing vulnerability, the project goal is to at least have no negative impact on the vulnerable persons, which can best be done by demonstrating a positive impact. The proposed road project specific vulnerable persons assistance program was identified as part of this LRP, in consultation with those affected. In this process tried to confirm community concepts of vulnerability, identify vulnerable and potentially vulnerable due to the road project. It is to be noted that not all people affected are considered vulnerable. The eligible vulnerable groups (VG) primarily should be project affected and have no care 36 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project and support include disability groups; women headed households; old aged/elderly persons whose age 70 or over and persons with HIV/AIDS or chronic ill health 2.1.7 International Financial Corporation (IFC) According to IFC definition the term, Livelihood refers to the full ranges of means that individual, families and communities utilize to make a living such wage based income, agriculture, fishing, foraging and other natural resources based livelihood, petty trade, marketing and bartering. The aim of the LRP is to ensure that the livelihoods of people affected by the land acquisition of the road projects are maintained at the same level, and preferably, improved–both in terms of sustainability and standard. The aim is also to ensure that the standard of living is improved for the poor and vulnerable. The consideration of livelihoods restoration measures and entitlements principles are outlined below that includes.  Do not harm to the livelihoods and property of local householders, and preferably improve their well-being.  Avoid disruption and damage to villages, homes and other structures.  Do not increase social and economic disadvantage and inequality.  Protect affected peoples’ livelihoods where possible and maintain access to livelihoods assets.  Protect essential infrastructure such as water supplies, village access points, schools churches, and meeting places.  If assets are taken and restoration is required, it should focus on existing sustainable livelihoods strategies and assets.  Improve the situation of women and other vulnerable persons.  Avoid substituting real livelihoods with cash compensation pay-outs.  Where cash compensation is provided, make sure female members receive a fair share, and the money is not wasted and create sustainable livelihood options. The World bank involuntary resettlement book states, Cash Compensation may not ensure Asset Replacement and specifies that the payment of cash compensation doesn’t bring sustainable livelihood of the PAPs by itself whereas development assistance in addition to compensation measures should be introduced. It argues that in theory, cash compensation valued at replacement cost allows to restore incomes and living standards whereas in practice several obstacles have impeded conversion of cash into replacement assets (or alternative income-restoration measures). Few of the obstacles are mentioned as insufficient amount of compensation, too early or delayed compensation payment, limitation of market opportunities and skill and unproductive use of compensation money. Therefore, project induced relocation requires consultation with PAPs and 37 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project should be guided by certain principles/strategies and desired objective to catch up with their previous living standards and more. 2.1.8 ERA Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) is vested technical and operational management of the main highway roads in the country. As per the mandates and responsibility vested, ERA’s has guiding principles and operational framework for efficient technical road feasibility, road safety construction and operation. As one of the ERA’s guiding principles and policy framework, primarily gives focus for preparation of Resentment Action Plan (RAP) which is align with World Bank operational policy; whereas ERA is new to adopt livelihood restoration plan and implementation. The ERA Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework clarifies the principles of social impact mitigation in the process of addressing social impacts induced by project operations. It provides guidelines to stakeholders participating in the rehabilitation/resettlement operations to ensure that project affected persons (PAPs) will not be impoverished by the adverse social impacts. The basic principles imply that PAPs should be compensated for loss of assets at replacement costs; be given opportunities to assist in case of relocation or resettlement. Focus is on restoring the income earning capacity of the affected persons by improving or at least sustaining the living conditions prior to project operations or to resettlement. The policy framework sufficiently places emphasis both on the compensation issues and the process required for the implementation of resettlement/ displacement. According to this policy framework a resettlement action plan (RAP) needs to be prepared only if the project affects more than 200 persons. The ERA/RPF Policy Framework is in line with the eligibility criteria contained in OP 4.12 of the World Bank’s operational manual on involuntary resettlement applied in determining eligible persons for compensation. The ERA/RPF Policy Framework is in line with the eligibility criteria contained in OP 4.12 of the World Bank’s operational manual on involuntary resettlement applied in determining eligible persons for compensation. Accordingly, compensation for lost assets and replacement costs is made for both titled and untitled land holders and property owners. 2.1.9 Regional Governments The relative roles of government at the different levels (Federal, Regional and Local) in terms of power and duties, including fiscal matters, have been defined by the Constitution, Proclamations Nos. 33 of 1992, 41 of 1993, and 4 of 1995. Under these proclamations, duties and responsibilities of Regional 38 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project States include planning, directing and developing social and economic programs, as well as the administration, development and protection of natural resources of respective regions. Most of the road section which start from Modjo town to Tikur Wuha River fall in 5 Woredas of Oromia Regional National states and Ziway-Arsi Negele road section traverse two woredas (Adami Tullu Gido Kombolcha and A/Negele). Oromia region covers the larger parts of the country where large investment undertaken, and land related consequence is becoming an outstanding economic, social and political issues demanded policy attention of the regional government. The regional state guided by the Federal constitutions and proclamations (1161/2019). These proclamation (1161/2019) states, if the land expropriation for public purpose is for investment, the people who are displaced may own shares from the investment. According to the recent Oromia regional government policy direction, any investment project should not dislocate people and if it happens, it should involve with inclusion and benefit sharing to the PAPs and livelihood restoration has been the concern and given policy attention of the region. 2.1.10 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and Project Impacts The first initial RAP document was prepared in 2015 and the update documents revised in 2019 and the main report provided by ERA, social management team. The records contain different data and information that can serve as a major source for identifying project impacts and compensation, eligibility for the livelihood identification. The up dated RAP 2019 was reviewed from available documents provided by ERA (Environment and social management team) and same report provided at project sites. As to the information provided by the project sites, the RAP document was prepared by section and a total of Seven RAP prepared. The RAP documents for the main road line were prepared in four section and other three RAP for Auxiliaries (query and borrow sites and Working sites). The RAP update documents prepared in four section and identified a total of 1149 Project affected households (PAHs). The actual PAPs paid compensation during the inception report was 848 (September 2020). The identification and compensation payment are continued process and during the LRP survey, the data collected at road project office shows total 1047 PAPs. The LRP survey targets those PAPs paid compensation and during the survey compensation payment on process for three kebeles (Warja Washgula, Komo Garbi and Gerbi Wudina) and the three kebele were not covered in the survey. Project components and Impacts 39 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project The Modjo-Hawassa covers total 202.47 km road project and the LOT3 of Zeway-Arsi Negele road section has a total length of 57.1 km. The route starts west side of Zeway town, ATJK woreda, Woshugala kebele at km 92.896 and ends Arsi Negele woreda rural kebele at km 150 about 7km before Arsi Negele. The road project extends 90m meter width along the main road alignment, and other different components and structures that require land for the borrow pit site, quarry site, camp sites, access road, dump sites and project affected peoples are impacted or likely to be impacted by any combination of these different components and associated needs along the ROW and working sites. The first initial RAP document was prepared in 2015 and the update documents revised in 2019. The RAP document was prepared by section and a total of seven RAP documents. The RAP documents for the main road line were prepared in four section and other three RAP for Auxiliaries working sites (query and borrow sites and others). According to the revised and cleared RAP document, a total of 1,120 project affected households were identified of which 989 HHs are Male headed House Holds and the rest 131 are female Headed House Holds. Project Impact and Compensation As reviewed in the ESIA and RAP documents, the positive and negative impacts of the project were identified. The negative impact identified to cause physical (house relocation) and economic displacement (farmland, Grazing land and trees…etc.). As to the available data sources a total of 1047 PAHS for which compensation payment completed. Based on the available data source the total compensation of birr 855, 162,215.66 payment effected to date of the undertaking the LRP field survey (November 2020) 3. ELIGIBILITY AND INCLUSION CRITERIA Determining eligibility criteria and identification of project affected households or a person is the first and most important steps for livelihood need assessment and subsequent livelihood restoration planning. The decision and planning at this stage determine the overall work process. In principle, resettlement Action plan and livelihood restoration planning (RLP) are interrelated activities. The RAP document is the base for the need assessment and planning for the livelihood restoration. The RAP document should have been used on total land owned and lands lost and identify PAPs who lost greater than 20% of their farmland. However, due to the nature of the road project, alignment may change, and PAPs may change. Hence, list of PAPs compensation paid was used as a base to get actual PAPs with corresponding land lost. Therefore, based on successive discussion, consensus has been reached to use actual compensation payment data sources rather than resettlement action plan (RAP) documents. The list of people collected compensation with corresponding actual land lost and amount of compensation paid each PAPs expected to be provided by ERA right of ways. Maximum effort was exerted to collect and analyzed the data and conducted census survey to identify eligible PAPs. The 40 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project eligibility criteria for inclusion in the LRP was established and agreed that help to identify eligible PAPs to be targeted in the LRP. Accordingly, as eligibility criteria PAPs who loss greater than 20% of their land and those who lost their non-land economic livelihood sources were targeted to be eligible for LRP. The other criteria like income loss impact, vulnerability and number of dependents. It therefore requires setting clear criteria in identifying eligible PAPs for the LRP. Accordingly, based on the WB guide and the Ethiopia’s social protection policy and others, the following eligible criteria were established in identifying the PAPs categorized under three groups. Table 3: Eligibility criteria (PAPs) Criteria Means of verification Land based  PAPs who lost >20% of their farmland and/or grazing land loss  PAPs and those paid greater than 20% compensation payment of their farmland with corresponding and/or grazing actual land lost size land as livelihood sources Non land based PAPs who lost Loss of livelihood sources like shops, market  Interview with PAPs other Non-land shades, Restaurants, Hotels and other non-land and key informant Livelihood loss livelihood and economic asset as income sources interview and witness from neighbor groups; Project Right of ways staffs at field office; Kebele and committee approval Vulnerable Vulnerable and Consider disproportion impact due to age, sex,  Interview and groups people with special disability, etc. observation needs  women and women‐headed households who lost  Kebele assistance their livelihood or income sources.  Elderly aged 70 years or over who have no care and support and lost their land or other livelihood sources,  Persons with disabilities and/or ill health, people affected by HIV/ AIDS and other chronic diseases that constrain their ability to work, and lost their land/economic property or are negatively impacted by the project 4. CONSULTATION 4.1 Consultation with PAPs Consultation and participation of PAPs in livelihood restoration plan enables the opportunity to identify their needs and available options for their livelihood restoration. The planning of livelihood restoration interventions requires direct consultation with the PAPs where the affected people fully informed and closely consulted on the level of the project impacts, assesses on their livelihood needs and livelihood restoration options. The consultation was conducted by holding public meetings in each kebeles. Project affected peoples (PAPs) are thoroughly consulted on the impact of the road project and on the way forward for their livelihood restoration plan based on their preference needs. The consultation enabled PAPs to share information on the project impacts, their livelihood schemes and proposed LRP. The PAPs are informed about the LRP and openly 41 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project discussed on their livelihood needs and LRP to improve their livelihoods restoration. The public consultations are conducted in each kebele and at different dates and places and at least one consultation conducted in each kebele. The consultation was made on major points of issues related to LRP for participation in their need assessment and workable LRP preparation. The consultation conducted in each kebeles. Consultations with the PAP, local authorities and other stakeholders have been made to create awareness and inform the public and PAPs about the planned project. The public consultations have been conducted in the month of November and December 2020. One of the repeatedly raised as outstanding issues by the PAPs was complaint regarding the inadequate compensation and to adjust their compensation as per the new proclamation. Some of them complain to the regional and Federal government on compensation issue mainly the discrepancy on previous and recent proclamation. Some preliminary analyses were made that justify the issues in compensation variation between the previous and new proclamation which the PAPs complain. Figure 6 Partial view of the discussion at Wolicho Boramou and Gale-Kello kebele Partial view of the discussion at Wolicho Boramo and Gale fi kello kebele In parallel session of the data survey, at least one or more consultation session conducted in each of the project kebeles. The total number of participants in each kebele varies from 11-37 and total of 343 project affected people (PAPs) were participated in all the kebeles and the number of participants indicated in table below. Table 4; Consultation and Number of participants by kebele and sex Number of Total Kebele Date participants Male Female Total A Ademi Tullu Jido Kombolcha 1 Anano Shisho 20/11/20 14 6 20 2 Andola Chebi 23/11/20 16 5 21 3 Arba 22/11/20 12 5 17 4 Desta Abijata 29/11/20 27 10 37 5 G/J/Asebo 25/11/20 10 4 14 42 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 6 H/ Gulenta Boke 3/12/20 19 9 28 7 Hurufa Loole 24/11/20 13 5 18 8 Korme Bujure 26/11/20 17 4 21 9 Weyso Kenchera 28/11/20 18 6 24 10 Wolicho Boramo 4/12/20 25 12 37 B Arsi Negele 11 Daka H/Kello 2/12/20 16 7 23 12 Hadha Bosso 3/12/20 23 4 27 13 Daka Harengema 1/12/20 20 4 24 14 Gale fi Kello 2/12/20 15 7 22 15 Gubeta Arjo 5/12/20 7 3 10 Total 252 91 343 Source: Census survey, November, 2020 The consultations with PAPs groups discussed and share knowledge on a number of issues related the road project social impacts and payment of compensation for affected properties and other related rehabilitation measures. as well as the views and opinions of the PAPs towards the effort for need assessment and LRP. The consultation was held in presence of kebele leaders and each individuals open to give their ideas, suggestions, Questions and fear on the implementation of the road project. The consultation conducted in parallel session of the household survey, and at least one or more consultation session conducted in each of the project affected kebeles. The detail summery of the consultation result is discussed in the last end of this report. The consultation main points summarized here under that follows. Road project impacts as reflected by PAPs As pointed by PAPs, construction of Lot3 (Zeway-Arsi Negele ) road and Modjo-Hawassa express road in general contributed for the country at large and there could be high potential for growth and development for their local areas in trade and businesses activities, and improved linkages between urban and rural areas. Nevertheless, the PAPs also reflected the negative aspects and expressed several issues and complaint.  According to some PAPs, the road project is yet at the start and the impacts resulted not realized and expected to cause large parts of their land loss and remained economic not useful and wasted for which even compensation was not paid to them.  During the consultation PAPs’ mainly raises low and inadequate compensation and deterioration of their livelihoods.  Financial compensation alone not helped them due to escalating price and inadequate compensation fund for replacement and suggested activity based livelihood instead of cash disbursement.  Inadequate compensation that not commensurate their economic loss.  Some of PAPs pointed fully lost their land and other mentioned as their remaining land economically not useful and no effort yet for land replacement or others livelihood restoration schemes.  Construction of the road divided their farmland and required additional time and cost to manage at different parcel land or remain uncultivated and not economically useful for them. 43 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Farming is major occupation and majority needs land based restoration (land replacement or additional livelihood sources) that compensate their economic loss. However, asked if land availability for replacement, but PAPs and kebele administration confirmed that land is not available for replacement and suggested available option is to increase production on the remain land, land rent, share cropping and other non-livelihood schemes.  Farmland reduced and their income reduced greatly and needs support for improved farm practice that can sufficiently increase productivity.  Some PAPs suggested business opportunities which are deemed to be feasible both in their project area that includes agriculture input (improved seed and farming practices; Livestock farming; dairy farm, fattening and poultry production. Under the non-land based interventions, they suggested to be involved in urban based economic activities, like cattle and shoats marketing, transport services, retail market and shops, etc.  Some of them purchased land in urban by compensation received and found inadequate for constructing house on it.  Some of them constructed house in rural and other bought transport service like Bajaj and have resource to contribute for the LRP  On the other hand, others also expressed their impoverishment after the road expropriated their land and coping though daily labour called “Journoata” and no asset to contribute, high risk for their survival and waiting for the government support and urged implementation of the LRP,  Further indicated their fear and doubt on the LRP to be realized and less likely implemented due to the bureaucratic structures and bottle neck at all level. Views of PAPs about the LRP During the consultation, it was noted from different perspective that awareness of PAPs about LRP is very low. Majority of Pap's and other stakeholders consider LRP as that of compensation and clarification given during the discussion. Many of the PAPs raises inadequate compensation and all their discussion gear toward the past inadequate compensation issues even if checklist question raised to discuss on their future livelihood restoration plan. In one way or the other compensation and LRP is complementary like extension of the other for wellbeing improvement in different approach. Thus, based on the consultation, views of PAPs regarding compensation and LRP pinpointed in summary as that follows.  During the consultation PAPs’ mainly raises low and inadequate compensation and deterioration of their livelihoods. One of the causes for low compensation was due to change in proclamation. The Oromia Regional State Revised Constitution revised land exportation and proclamation on compensation in year 2000/01. The new proclamation resulted change in the number of years for compensation from 10 to 15 years. The Lot 3 road project compensation payment effected in previous proclamation and compensation computed for 10 years income instead of the current proclamation that consider compensation and income estimate for 15 years that resulted low compensation estimate. 44 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Inadequate compensation that not commensurate their economic loss and expect the LRP to contribute their livelihood restoration in place  They pointed inadequate awareness and knowledge in compensation money management and unwise use of compensation fund utilization and of course some also used wisely like purchase and construction of houses in nearby towns areas. Some of them purchased land in urban by compensation received, but unable construct house on it due to inadequate compensation  PAPs reflected financial compensation alone not helped them due to escalating price and inadequate compensation fund for replacement and suggested activity based livelihood instead of cash disbursement.  The PAPs suggested business opportunities which are deemed to be feasible in their area that includes agriculture input (improved seed and farming practices; Livestock farming; dairy farm, fattening and poultry production. Under the non-land based interventions, they suggested to be involved in urban based activities, like cattle and shoats marketing, transport services, retail market and shops, etc.  During the consultation PAPs further indicated their fear and doubt that, the LRP less likely to be realized and implemented due to the bureaucratic structures and bottle neck.  The PAPs well appreciate the idea raised as LRP which they expected to be realized and save their lives from detoriaition to poverty. The pointed that, despites all the challenges and constraints, awaiting and eager to see the LRP realized and urged for implementation of the LRP. 4.2 Consultation with stakeholders In addition to the PAPs consultation, stakeholders consultation and key informant interview have been held with woreda, kebele structures and other institutions that includes woreda Administration officials, woreda sector offices and kebele level structures and other institutions. The detail stakeholders’ interview result provided in the annex part. This section highlights major consultation results that mainly pinpoints on the views, concerns and outcomes of the stakeholders consultations. Ademi Tullu Jiddo Kombolcha and Arsi Negele Woreda Administration: key informant discussion and consultation was made with the two Woreda administration. The two Woredas key informants interview expressed the road project caused farmland and graze land loss and economic impacts on the lives of project affected people. The issues of inadequate compensation and reduced livelihood raised on various meeting occasion and one of the outstanding governance issues. As to the views of the woreda administration, compensation like direct cash disbursement has not helped and will not help and activity based livelihood support is the preferred approach to ensure sustainable livelihood schemes. As to the woreda administration the LRP is well appreciated, but late for study and implementation to realize. During the need assessment, the two woreda administration highly cooperative and expressed their commitment to mobilize the sector offices and the Kebele administration in the concrete implementation of the LRP. 45 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Batu/Ziway and Arsi Negele town administration: According to the town administration, the link road project to their town aligned along the existing road and less likely impact on economic livelihood of their towns. They indicate compensation already paid and ready to cooperate for livelihood implementation in providing marketplace if budget for market shed construction is readily provided. Agricultural and Rural Land Administration: The road project traverses many rural kebeles and majority of proposed LRP are agriculture related and hence agriculture and rural land administration is one of the important and major stakeholders in many aspect. Thus, an interview was held with the two woreda agriculture and land administration office that discussed on various issues of land expropriation process; land holding size and proposed agriculture related LRP. The woreda rural administration office is one involved land measurement and land expropriation committee and one to be most relevant sector office because the business enterprises preferred by the PAHs demand agriculture based activities and requires the technical and other support from this sector. Moreover, proposed livelihood restoration still needs land in rural or nearby towns as may be required and the rural land administration provide joint decision on piece of land from existing open space areas and has showed willingness to cooperate as far as the resources available in their hand. Oromia Saving and Credit Association (OCSA); Rural financial providers is one of the most important in immediate access for credit service and livelihood restoration and business operation. Although, the proposed LRP has earmarked budget allocation, additional budget may be required by PAPs to for business expansion and ensure sustainable financial sources. The Oromia Saving and Credit Association (OCSA) operate in both woredas that provides services such as loans, skill trainings for business development and management. The association also works with other sector offices to recover target groups from natural or other shocks due to due to development-induced displacement or other factors. However, during the field study the operational status and coverage of the credit service was at low level due to shortage of budget for funding the needy farmers financial credit requirements. The OCSA in partner with woreda micro enterprise development will provide skill trainings, business development plans associated with credit services could be provided for PAPs to re-establish their livelihood. Kebele Administration: Both FGD and KII conducted in each kebele as lower stakeholders in terms government structure. The kebele cabinet and management team including Kebele Development office and development agents are the lower level stakeholders to implement the proposed action plans. During the need assessment kebele administration very well cooperatives in identifying PAPs groups, arranging meeting and similarly willing to involve/assist in coordination and mobilization of the affected people for their livelihood development activities. The Kebele administrations and development agents are willing and committed to cooperate with Woreda sector offices and other institutions. 46 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Project Affected Households (PAHs): Both FGD and KII also conducted with PAPs groups in each kebele. The majority have similar reflection, that dissatisfactions and complaints on inadequate compensation, high escalating living cost and deteriorating of their livelihood situation. The consultation conducted with implementing stakeholders and PAPs groups. The issues discussed with PAPs mainly pointed on the process of land acquisition, level/extent of project impacts and views on LRP and others. Process of land acquisition: The detail process of land acquisition is not part of this assignment. However, it is important to indicate basic information in the process as it helps to understand the cause of the project impact and whether mitigation and learning lesson from the implementation process.  Majority of the land acquisition and compensation paid in previous proclamation that determines compensation at low unit rate computed for ten years. The compensation amount varies due to change of previous proclamation by new proclamation (1161/2020) and regulation (472/2020) effective 27 July 2020.  Regarding land acquisition and process, the project right of ways (ROWs) pointed the process of land acquisition pass through long process of land measurement on each parcel land in the presence of established committee and the landowners.  Compensation was paid to project affected people and the good experience is that husband and wife open joint Bank account. However, adequate training was not given on awareness of compensation fund management and some expended on nonproductive uses and impoverished their economic livelihoods system. It is also noted there are also other PAPs group used for economic recovery and some of them invested in replacement of their houses and others purchased transport service (cart, Bajaj) and farm inputs. As to some PAPs viewpoint, the process of land acquisition in land measurement has not considered remained land that damaged and remained non-economic and wasted due to the project. On the other hand, the right of ways (ROWs) section of the road project indicates land is appropriately measured and working areas delineated within the demarcated boundary. However, do not concern for the remain land parcel whether economically useful or not. Thus, from the consultation, after expropriation of the required land and paid compensation for the same land size, the remaining land is not paid compensation and not considered whether economically useful to the land holders. 4.3 Summary of Consultation results Based on the consultations made with different groups major points on the views, concerns and recommendations of stakeholders pinpointed and summarized below: Views on the concept and essence of LRP: 47 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  In general, as reflected by the majority PAPs groups, the concept of LRP to improve their livelihood and activity based budget allocation instead of cash disburse is well appreciated and accepted by the PAPs groups  Discussion was held in each kebele on potential economic livelihood options in each kebeles and identified existing economic resources including land/agriculture based and the non-land economic activities. The primary occupation for majority of the PAPs is land and agriculture based and large parts of livelihood agriculture and livestock related activities (agriculture input support; small scale irrigation; livestock fattening, and the non-land based livelihood identified includes like grain trade marketing and transport service. Concern/issues and opinion of PAPs and stakeholders for the way forward  Land Loss and indirect impacts of the projects: As pointed by some PAPs, the construction of road project has caused land and damaged large land area of the other community groups and reduced production of PAPs and the other neighbor communities. During the study period the road project was almost at start up stage and according to the PAPs say the impact is not yet realized, and PAPs and suggested the contractor to correct the problem before handing over the road project.  Inadequate compensation and deteriorating livelihoods: As pointed in the preceding section/paragraph, PAPs repeatedly raise low and inadequate compensation and deterioration of their livelihoods. One of the causes for low compensation was due to change in proclamation. The Oromia Regional State Revised Constitution revised land exportation and proclamation on compensation in year 2000/01. The new proclamation resulted change in the number of years for compensation from 10 to 15 years. The LOT3 road project compensation payment effected in previous proclamation and compensation computed for 10 years income instead of the current proclamation that consider compensation and income estimate for 15 years that resulted low compensation estimate.  Inadequate compensation that not commensurate their economic loss and expect the LRP to contribute their livelihood restoration in place  High budget expectation and Unmet promises: The PAPs budget expectation for compensation and livelihood is very high and complaint. As reflected by PAPs complaint as their voice was not heard and what promised is not practically provided like water and social service and their farmland was taken with many premises, but less the premises likely implemented as promised.  Fear and doubt on LRP implementation: From their earlier experiences fear and concern and doubt that the LRP may not be fully implemented due to bureaucratic structures at various levels. In this regards, the consensus was that LRP will be implemented with the full support and commitment of sectors and offices. In this regard, concerned partners take a spearheading role in the implementation of the action plan while sector offices at Woreda level oversee the daily progresses of the action plan. 48 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Low and Inadequate budget for the LRP: As reflected by the PAPs the concept of LRP to improve their livelihood and activity based budget allocation instead of cash disburse is well appreciated and accepted by the PAPs groups. However, their concerns were about the amount of budget to be allocated and assets to be mobilized for restoring their livelihoods. Most of PAHs raises low compensation and the proposed LRP budget for livelihood restoration may not offset their respective livelihood economic losses. In this regards, explained that the preparation of the livelihood restoration actions will largely consider the scope of impacts mainly size of land loss and income loss, number of dependents, loss of income, degree of vulnerabilities and their proposed livelihoods and the LRP budget proposal has taken into consideration. Detailed considerations of such factors could help to proportionate the impacts on each of the PAHs and improve their livelihood. Overall, the implementation of these agreed points would help to for proportionate budget share allocation among PAPs.  Mode of organization (Individual and group): one of the concern for livelihood restoration There are advantages and disadvantages in (group or individual) modes of organization and one of the concern for livelihood restoration. The proposed LRP budget worked for each individual and open for individual or group depending on their interest by merging their allocated budget to avoid conflict to the maximum possible. Most of the PAHs preferred to work on individual basis instead of group and other arrangements. On the other hand, the interviews held with the sector offices suggest group work and willingness to facilitate those who would prefer to work in groups. The group based approach is important for resource sharing, monitoring and evaluation of implementation and outcomes. Finally, the budget allocated for each PAPs to be manageable for both individual and group arrangements which will be decided on their interest in the courses of implementation of the livelihood activities. The concerns and problem expected in group conflict should be treated and solved amicably through grievance redress committee (GRM).  Labour and resource contribution: It was realized that development project and road project in particular requires high capital cost. However, capital is limited and budget for LRP and implementation of the LRP requires mobilization of resources mainly land, labor and finance. Among others, agreement was reach with the PAHs where they will commence their business activities on their landholdings or land rent share cropping and the non-land may access plot of land in nearby towns and group resource share. The implementation of the business will be managed by the labor contributions of the PAHs themselves through the creation of skill trainings from the sector offices.  Social infrastructures: The PAHs also questioned the basic social services provisions promised to be delivered by the road project. These includes the employment opportunities to be created by the road project mainly for the Youths of PAHs and their household members. Majority of PAPs 49 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project complaints that the road project job creation was not as expected and less likely for people who have lost their land due to the road project. The sector offices had expressed the presence of similar concerns, and as much as possible local people and youths of PAHs should be given job opportunities in their capacities and even assist them in build capacity like training in driving license and employed as drivers in the project.  According to stakeholders suggestion and viewpoint, Modjo Hawassa express roadway Management expect to establish after completion of the road, and some amount of revenue from the road income to be used for local social service development like water supply, and employment opportunity to the people affected by the road project. The interviews made with the road project contractor observed effort and commitments to provide water supply in some kebeles which is expected to scale up such p[practice in the future road project management. As observed during road construction, created job employment for local people, although limited in number of employment. The express road management expected to be promised to create employment opportunities for local. The express road management should provide support for woreda and kebele from the revenue income form the express road exert efforts to work on the expansions of infrastructures water, schools and other social service improvement as suggested by the PAHs.  Awareness creation strategies: As the discussions held with the sector offices and PAPs groups demonstrated the in previous compensation awareness creation was not adequate in addressing displacement process, compensation and its benefits, as well as how to use compensation money for productive investments. Learning from this, PAPs suggested there is a need to plan adequate and practical training session and conduct thorough discussion with PAHS, their members and relevant sector offices on the essence and objectives of the LRP so that it ensures sustainable livelihood for their future.  Coordination of PAPS groups: in some kebeles PAPs are organized by kebele and appealing their grievance to the woreda, Zone and Regional government level. To enhance their partnership, PAPs are in the process to establish subcommittee in each kebele, and main committee drawn from all the kebeles affected along the ways. PAPs and Youths: Although, the main target of LRP are the PAPs, they are much concerned about their unemployed youths who directly or indirectly affected due to parents land loss. The PAPs suggested employment for their youths in the project and also to participate and benefit under the training and livelihood schemes. Accordingly, unemployed youths who are above 18 still living with PAHs are proposed to be given training with PAHs and engage on the same livelihood activity identified by the PAHs and gradually through mentor to initiate and develop their own livelihood. 50 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Vulnerable groups: Generally, the old-aged people, physical disabled and terminally ill in the lists of PAHs expressed unable to involve in other productive activities and requested directly social support.  Training and Capacity building; In PAPs view in the previous compensation disbursement training was not adequately given on money management and there were PAPs distributed the money for their spouses and families and mismanaged for personal use. Therefore, as raised by PAPs group fund disbursement alone may not help and pointed training and awareness capacity before starting the implementation of the LRP. The trainings focus should be awareness creation on the essence and aims of LRP, saving and financial management and sustainable self-help livelihood development. The sector offices also realized the importance of these trainings and willing to provide training capacity building in their capacity for the PAHs. The trainings will be for PAHs, grievance redress committee and representatives of relevant sector offices. In general, the consultation result revealed both positive and negative impacts of the road project. The public and stakeholders consultation participants indicate the road project affected the economic livelihood of the PAPs and compensation paid was inadequate and deteriorated the livelihood sources. To this end, PAPs groups and stakeholders expect that implementation of the LRP is highly important in improving their livelihood restoration. The PAPs and other stakeholders have the opinion that implementation of the LRP will contributes improved livelihood for the PAPs and urged implementation of the proposed action plan. 4. FINDINGS OF THE LRP NEED ASSESSMENT STUDY AND SURVEY RESULT 4.1 Survey Framework The survey was conducted on PAPs who lost their economic livelihood sources, land or other non- land economic sources and received compensation. The census survey was conducted on the PAPs in the whole road corridor along the main road alignment as well as borrows pits and working sites. The targets are PAPs and those who were paid compensation for loss of their economic livelihood bases. The survey covered all information on land based and non-land impacts. The LOT3 section of the project, entirely traverse 15 rural kebeles and the economic livelihood affected is generally land based economic loss. The survey conducted in November 2020 and the survey covered 15kebeles in which compensation was paid. During the survey, project office social and safeguard expert confirmed that in the other three kebeles (Worja Woshugala, Kemo Gerbi and Gerbi Wudina) right of way and compensation payment was not completed. As to the date of the survey date (Nov. 2020), a total 1047 PAHHs including economic and non-economic impacts. From the total 1,047 households, about 911 PAHHs 51 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project are found economic affected and the remaining (136 households) were identified to be non-economic affected like graveyard and others. The non-economic affected mainly grave (94); Tukul (25); associations/institutions like schools (7) and other associations (3). The focus of the survey was household and economic affected (911 PAHs) whose direct livelihood affected and were paid compensation. The majority (90%) are currently living within their kebeles and others livelihood living linkage with nearby towns. The target project affected and the project corridor community in general has strong linkage with nearby towns (Ziway, Bulbula, Arsi Negele and other small towns) and there are also others who live outside the project woredas. 4.2 Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics 4.2.1 Sex Composition: In this section, demographic structures for project affected households and project affected populations in the road project are discussed briefly. Based on the survey data result, the total population of the project area is 7733 including family members that comprises male (3876) and female (3857). As indicated preceding section, and survey result a total 911 economic affected households which comprises 784 male and 127 women that women accounts about 13.9% of the PAHHs. Based on the survey data result, the sex composition of PAHHs is given by woreda, kebele and sex as indicated in the following table. Table 5: Number of PAHHs Surveyed by woreda, kebele and sex Woreda kebele Sex Total Male Female Ademi Tullu Jido Adola Chebi 51 8 59 Kombolcha Anano Shisho 67 7 74 Arba 25 5 30 Desta Abijata 137 25 162 Halaku Gulenta Boke 42 11 53 Hurufa Lole 17 6 23 Korme Bujure 24 2 26 Weyiso Kenchera 42 6 48 Wolicho Buramo 97 15 112 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Arengama 26 3 29 Daka Hora Kello 137 19 156 Galef Kello 48 9 57 Gubata Arjo 5 1 6 Hadha Baso 66 10 76 Total 784 127 911 Source: Census survey, November 2020 52 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Age Structure: In terms of age composition, the result from the current survey reveals minimum and maximum age of PAHHs ranges 20-100 years and average mean 44.9 years and the majority in the 40th age group. Source: Census survey, November 2020 Based on the survey result, a total of 911 PAHHs, and the total population of the project corridor is 7,733 including family members that comprises male (3,876) and female (3,857). The majority of project affected people are in the age group 30-70 years accounting 83.58% and 5.7% of people are in the age group above 70 years. Based on the eligibility criteria, those age group above 70 years are considered vulnerable. The age distribution of PAPs indicates a total of 52 PAPs or 5.7%) above 70 years including all PAPs groups. Table 6: PAPs by sex and age group Sex Total Male Female % 18-30 92 6 98 10.8 Age group 30-70 643 118 761 83.5 >70 49 3 52 5.7 Total 784 127 911 100.0 Source: Census survey, November 2020 Based on the vulnerability and eligibility criteria, old aged above 70 years who have no care and support group are considered vulnerable and included in vulnerable groups. Population and Demographic structures (PAPs and Families Members) The total number of PAPs population is 7,733 and 46% of the populations are below 18 years, and youth groups 18-30 years accounts 33.4% and age 30-70 years 19.35% and age above 70 years accounts 1.29%. Population age structure and sex is presented in the following chart. 53 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Table 7: Family age structure Population by age categories % Num 50 46% ber 45 40 of 33.36% 35 30 popul Percen 25 19.35% Age group ation t (%) 20 15 Below 18 10 years 3,557 46.00 5 1.29% 0 18-30 years 2,580 33.36 Below 18 years 18-30 years 30-70 years >70 30-70 years 1,496 19.35 >70 100 1.29 7,733 100.00 Source: Census survey, November 2020 Population age structure and sex composition presented in the following chart. 54 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Table 8: Family age structure Projecetd affceted popualtion by (%) 23.4 22.6 16.6 16.8 9.3 10.1 0.9 0.4 Male Female Male 18- Female Male 30- Female Male Female below 18 below 18 30 years 18-30 70 years 30-70 above 70b above 70 years Years Years Years yrs yrs Project affected population by age group (Number) 7733 1807 1750 1284 1296 717 779 68 32 Male Female Male 18- Female Male 30- Female Male Female Total below 18 below 18 30 years 18-30 70 years 30-70 above above 70 years Years Years Years 70b yrs yrs Physical disability Based on the survey result, among the total 911 PAHHs identified 122 physical disabled and the type of disability included hand, leg, hearing and eye and chronic illness due to HIV/AIDs or others and chronic illness shares (40.3%) and other types of physical desirability is in Table below. Table 9: Type of disability and vulnerability among PAPs Type of disability Number % Hand related problem 12 9.7 Leg related problem 10 8.21 Hearing & Eye impaired 17 14.18 Eye impaired 34 27.61 Chronic illness 50 40.3 55 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Total 122 100 Source: Census survey, November 2020 4.2.2 Marital Status and Family size The majority of the PAHHs indicate married (85%); unmarried/single (2.2%); Divorce (0.2%) and Widows (8.9%). The religion composition of the people along road project corridor largely Muslim and polygamy marriage structure used to be practiced in which one male coupled with more than one wives/spouse widely practiced. The male groups were asked their marriage structure (number of wife) and found one male have marriage partners/spouses up to five wives. The majority (72.9%) have married with one wife; two wives (22.3%); three wives (3.7%) and four wives (1%) and five wives (0.7%). As witnessed by the target groups, polygamy marriage relation recently decreasing due to economic, education and other socio behavioral change. Family size: The issues of Family size and landholding are important indicators in determining households socioeconomic characteristics. Family size determination depends on the use and purpose of the study. The project area is rural and largely Muslim community, polygamy marriage structure and favors having more children. In polygamy marriage structure, where one male coupled with more than one partner, one may expect large number of family size. In the study area, the maximum family in the project corridor recorded found to be 30 family members and the average about 8.5 family sizes. Based on the survey data result, including family members, the total number of PAPs is 7,733 of which female accounts 49.8%. Dependency Ratio: Dependency ratio is important and useful indicator to understand demographic structure and as indicators for economic and livelihood situation of each PAPs and helps in allocation of budget for the livelihood restoration plan. Thus, dependency ratio was computed at aggregate and each Pap's household level. Dependency ratio was computed for each households PAPs Dependency ratio is defined as the ratio of population regarded dependent and unproductive age population to the working working-age population. Dependency ratio also depends on country specific policy, the purpose and use of the study. The working age may varies depending on countries labour policy where in some countries people below the age of 18 years are not allowed to work. In this study, although age below 15 years engage formal or informal family labour, age below 18 years are considered young and unable to work. In this study, age below 18 years are considered young and dependent age group and age above 70 years are taken as old aged and dependent unable to work. Hence, age groups below 18 years and age above 70 years are taken dependent age group. Then dependency Ratio=Sum (age<18 and Age>70) divide 56 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project by Age (18-70). In the project area, a total of 3,657 dependent and 4,076 active age and dependency ratio for the project area is 89.7 which is higher compared to the average national level. According to World Bank report, total dependency ratio (0-14 and 65+ per 15-64) for Ethiopia was 76.8 (2020). Total dependency ratio (0-14 and 65+ per 15-64) of Ethiopia fell gradually from 88.6 ratio in 1971 to 76.8 in 2020. Therefore, based on document review, dependency ratio in the road project corridor (89.7) is higher compared to the national average. 4.2.3 Education The level of education, skills and experience of PAHHs is important planning the livelihood option of the people. Based on the survey result (N=882 and other 29 nonresponse/missing), the majority 387 (43.91%) of the PAHHs are illiterate; Read/write 59 (6.7%); Primary 229 (26.0%); Secondary 143 (15.7%); TVET 18 (2%) and College/University (5.2%). The project road corridor is accessible for higher education mainly availability of Oromia state university at Ziway/Batu town gives opportunity for higher education learning in the area. Table 10: Education Level of PAHHs Education level Frequency Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Illiterate 387 43.9 43.9 Read & write 59 6.7 50.6 Primary 229 26.0 76.5 Secondary 143 16.2 92.7 TVET 18 2.0 94.8 College/University 46 5.2 100.0 Sub total 882 100 System miss 29 Total 911 Source: November 2020 4.2.4 Economic activities Agriculture is the major livelihood of the project affected woredas. The project traverse two woredas (ATJK & A/Negele) which are potential farm crop producing woredas. The major occupation of the road corridor practices crop production which is the basis of their livelihoods. The crop production primarily depends on rain fed and irrigation practiced in few kebele mainly Desta Abijata kebele by using Bulbula river. The major crops cultivated includes wheat, maize, haricot bean and vegetables groups (onion, potatoes, and tomato) which are mainly cash income sources for the farmers. Although, the woreda endowed with irrigation potential from Lake Ziway and ground water, the project kebeles are located far from the Lake and lack of capital raised as constraints to use ground water for irrigation. However, some PAPs access for irrigation using available water sources like 57 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Bulbula and nearby small streams. The project corridor may have possibility for ground water potential for irrigation use if technical and capital support for development. The major problems of agriculture production as mentioned by farmer group is low rain fall, lack of pumps and improved irrigation system and shortage of capital and skill in irrigation technology, shortage of input (improved seeds, fertilizer and chemicals for pests and weeds and there are also seed scarcity which frequently challenges the PAHs as farmer group. Livestock Livestock rearing is secondary economic activity which not only supplies farm power for crop farming but also contributes significant amount of cash and supplementary food sources. In general, livestock is an integral part of the farming system in the project area and are economically complementary to crop production. Livestock practiced at small scale in each kebele and households and five kebeles in Arsi Negele are low land and high grazing/grass land suitable for livestock production. The types of livestock are mainly cattle, sheep, goats and donkeys as well as household based poultry activities. In low land and low rainfall kebeles like Deka Hora Kello kebele, Deka Arengema less suitable for crop production and preferred potential for livestock production. Based on the available woreda data sources, the total livestock population in the two woredas estimated to 1,150,396. Cattle share the large number of livestock population and livestock population by type provided in table that follows. Table 11: Livestock population whiten the project woreda Number of livestock by woreda Type livestock ATJK Arsi Negele Total Cattle 216,145 245,470 461,615 Goat 118,225 127,619 245,844 Sheep 37,550 66,610 104,160 Mule 2,880 2,612 5,492 Donkey 35,120 45,510 80,630 Horse 2,100 1,910 4,010 Poultry 115,230 106,420 221,650 Beehives 11,250 15,745 26,995 Total 538,500 611,896 1,150,396 Source; Woreda agriculture and Livestock development office of respective woredas. Based on the discussion with PAPs groups and survey estimate the average livestock holding per households indicate cattle (1), shoats (2) and donkey (1) and chicken (3). Like the crop subsector, consultation made with PAPs indicates that livestock rearing is mainly constrained by feed scarcity as 58 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project some of the grazing lands expropriated by the project, local traditional breeds and low quality of livestock productivity. In general, to contribute livelihood change, supports need to be provided with improved agriculture input (improved crop varieties, improved livestock species as part of the livelihood restoration program. Occupation and income sources Assessment was made on occupation before and after the project to see a livelihood change and to build on the new livelihood scheme, if any. However, compensation was paid, and the road project construction is yet undergoing and in some place their land is not taken until construction of the road and project actual impact is not realized by the impacted peoples and majority of the PAPs has not changed their livelihood system with particular to LoT3 of Ziway-Arsi Negele road project. The major occupation of the people is agriculture mainly crop production and livestock supplementary economic activities. The people practice farming for family consumption and market to generate additional income sources. Animal rearing includes cattle, small ruminants, poultry and equines and supplement food, income and support farm activities where ox used for plough, pack animals used for transportation and income generating. Poultry and small ruminant animals are used for food nutrition and income sources mainly for women. 4.2.5 Income and Livelihood The occupation of PAPs before the project is as discussed in the preceding section. The road section (Ziway-Arsi Negele) entirely covers rural kebeles and their livelihood largely depends on farming and livestock supplementary activities. The survey question includes income sources and annual income estimates as well as compensation amount received, and meager resources remain in their hand to contribute for their LRP from own income sources and compensation fund remained. The major occupation and livelihood sources for majority (82.3%) is farm based crop production and about 17.7% of the engaged mixed economic activities farming and farmer traders and other off farm/nonfarm activities like grain trade and others. In addition to agriculture, some of them practice off-farm activities likes petty trading, cart transport, daily labor work in the project or other, etc. The survey tried to capture household estimated annual income. Thus, based on land and other resources, the PAPs annual income and livelihood status was captured through survey as baseline data base. Based on the result from the survey, the annual income ranges 5000-180,000 and the average annual income is birr 93,035. The major cash income derived from Pulse crops mainly hair coat bean and Soya bean; vegetables (onion, tomatoes) and other crops like (Wheat, Maize, and others).The lowest annual income earning before the project estimated from the survey ranges birr 5000-20,000 that accounts 59 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project about (91PAPs) or 10% of the households, whereas the higher income ranges 150,000-180,000 that accounts 46PAPs ( 5%) of the households. Although, the project construction underway and the actual income after the project not realized, PAPs were asked the estimated expected income after the project. The income after the project was also covered in the survey and expected annual income after the project analyzed from the PAPs viewpoint. The average annual income before and after the project for the lower income group decline from birr 46,517.84 to 37,214 and the same trend for the other income groups and the average annual income before and after the project decline from 93,035.6 to birr 70,425. The baseline income distribution and expected income change as perceived by respondent PAPs is shown in table below. Annual income before and after the project % Annual and average Annual and average income income before the after the project project Average annual income after Average annual income the project #PAP before the project (Birr/PAHHs) Income ranges s (Birr/PAHHs) 5000-20000 91 10 46,517.84 37,214 20000-50000 228 25 55,821.41 44,657 50000-80000 273 30 62,023.78 49,619 80000-120000 182 20 116,294.59 93,036 120000-150000 91 10 139,553.51 111,643 150000-180000 46 5 372,142.70 297,714 10 Total 911 0 Source: PAPs Survey, November/December, 2020 Based on the survey data above, the total income before the project is birr 93,035.6 and the total income after the project comes 70,425 and the mean average annual income decline by about 24.3% that resulted significant income/livelihood decline after the project. The food security situation also declines after the project. The discussion food security status of the community in the project affected woredas shows that the food security status of the PAPs and their HHs members is impacted by the implementation of the project, both in terms of feeding frequency and food diet. As to the reflection from the PAPs, before the project food situation was better for majority of the PAPs, and 68% had three meals per day throughout all seasons of the year and the remaining 32 % reduced their meals to two or less per day after the road project. This indicates a significant decrease in number of meals per day and worsened food security after the project. As coping strategy and mechanism, some works as labour works and nearby town market activities. 60 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 4.3 Project Impacts In some of the main road alignment, the road divides farmland which many of the PAHHs raised their land wasted for which compensation was not paid. The PAPs were asked whether remaining land is economically useful and based on the survey result, 33.5 % of the PAHHs reflected some parts of their remaining farmland is not economically useful either divided in piece or wasted or remained out of use due to related problems. From the consultation with PAPs and survey result, the overall situation of their living status asked, and the majority (82.5%) reported their economic situations worsened or going to be worsened and impoverished. Majority of them consider land as their long years life and legacy for long year generation of their children and loss of their long years life causes impoverishment of current and future generation. The remaining 17.5% reported optimistic and moderate living status due to improved road condition and marketing and expect to have similar trends before and after land displacement. In general, majority of PAHHs reflected loss of income and deteriorated living condition. According to the PAHHs, to compensate livelihood impacts of the project, requested additional support as a pre request for their livelihood restoration in place. The road project affected farmland and grazing land along the main alignment and working sites. Based on the available information, the project entirely covers rural kebeles and farmland or graze land is their livelihood sources affected, whereas non-land economic property like business or other off farm property/activity affected is not reported. As to the survey date about 25 tukul house were affected for which already paid compensation for replacement. The project corridor lies entirely rural kebeles and non-land economic asset like shop, hotel or other is not registered. Hence, land based impact including farmland and grazing land are considered economic source affected. Accordingly, economic properties affected are farmland and grazing land are considered economic livelihood source affected. Based on the survey result, 831 HHs (91.2%) affected their farmland; whereas the survey data above shows, 46 PAPs (5%) affected their grazing land and the remaining 34 PAPs (3.7%) affected both farmland and grazing land. Table 12: Project impacts by type of economic or physical property affected Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid Farmland 831 91.2 91.2 91.2 Graze land 46 5.0 5.0 96.3 Farm and graze land 34 3.7 3.7 100.0 Total 911 100.0 100.0 Source: Census survey, November, 2020 61 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Degree of impacts The survey identified the degree of impact for the identified 911 PAPs. As much as possible effort was made and collected all relevant data through the field survey including total landholding size and land taken/expropriated by the road project (for detail refer Annex 1 in separate excel). The actual land size taken/affected by the road recorded from the compensation database and total landholding size was collected by asking each PAPs and effort also made to cross check the data through neighborhood best estimate. The total landholding of the affected household and land expropriated by the road were taken as reference point for determining the land loss impacts and the degree and severity of impacts varies. The majority 474 (52%) of PAPs affected less than 20% of their land and 90 PAPs or (9.9%) affected (80-100%) of their total landholding. The following table is summary of land loss impacts and detail on landholding size and land loss of each PAPs is provided in separate excel sheet (Annex 1) Table 13: Number of PAPs Identified by Degree of impacts Land loss Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Below 20% 474 52 52 52 20-40% 87 9.5 9.5 61.6 40-60% 137 15 15 76.6 Valid 60-80% 123 13.5 13.5 90.1 80-100% 90 9.9 9.9 100 Total 911 100 100 Source: Census survey, November 2020 4.3.1 Landholding size and Land affected The survey covered PAPs’ land information explicitly (number of land plot/parcels; total landholding size). One may have land plot/land parcel in different place and the total landholding is the cumulative total land size located in different land plot and hence included number of land plot in the survey as it reminds the households on his holdings in different locations. The minimum landholding size is 0.25ha and maximum 12 ha per household and the average 2.1 ha per households. The minimum land area affected by the road project is 0.0656 and maximum 5.67 ha per household which is registered in Hora kello kebele and the average land area size affected is 0.616ha. Table 14: land holding size and land affected Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Number of land Plot 911 1.0 7.0 1.699 .8735 Total land hold size (ha) 911 0.250 12.000 2.12191 1.603659 Total Land size within the 911 .010 11.000 1.26708 1.039479 Road boundary land area taken by the road 911 .000656 5.6708 .6164976652 .63470235526 62 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Source: Census survey, November 2020 Land plot means land parcel a person has in different places. One person may have one or more plot and just to know the total land holding size remind the respondent to add his land hold in different land plot and arrive total land holding size. In case of this project, if one has no land plot means no land holding of his own. In general, rural based livelihood occupation for their livelihood and land to the project affected persons in the area means base of long life as source of food, income, lives, and legacy and dignity for rural farmers. Loss of land leads to loss of crops, loss of income and loss of social life. Households affected by the road project under the current survey have lost 513 hectares both farmland and grass land for which they were compensated. The road project and land acquisition caused economic loss mainly to land based leads to loss of income sources or other means of livelihood) to the affected people. The road project also affected tukul house, funeral place, trees, perennial crops and vegetables. Crop production and domestic animals are the main sources of income for farmers and the land loss impacts significant effect on their living. Based on the consultation and survey, PAHs were asked to know their overall perceptions regarding the loss of land and its consequence on their overall livelihoods. The majority (86.4%) replied that the road project most likely causes decreasing income over time once displaced from their farmlands; about 6% replied their livelihood get improves with improved market access and the remaining 8.6% replied their livelihood is not and will not change. 4.3.2 Impact on Assets of Public and Community Institutions Youth association During the fieldwork, the road corridor affected buffer forest and bush land area for which youth organized to protect this natural environment. In the project corridor identified youth associations organized in natural resource management that includes Oda Roba Forest development (Gubata Arjo kebele); Borea grass union and kununsa garri natural forest protection association. As to the consultation with informant groups, the aim was to protect the natural environment and it was not intended for income and livelihood sources. As information provided and consultation with some youth members, the youth groups have not been generated income and just were organized to protect the natural environment. As to the consultation with some youths and other informants, majority of the youth groups have other income sources. Based on the woreda key informants and consultation with some association members and their leaders, some of the association members are not in place and the association members were engaged in other activities. 63 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Public institutions The project kebeles are closer to nearby towns and located buffer zone between the rural and urban setting in the area and accessible for some basic social infrastructure. As available data sources indicate some of the social infrastructures are partly affected by the road project for which compensation already paid, although complaint as it was not adequate and the list of this institution includes mosques, schools, etc. Table 15: Social infrastructure affected by the road project No Name of social service Kebele Area affected 1 Deka Lengano Primary school Deka Hora kello 0.956 2 Remana Hada bena Mosque Galee fi Kello 0.324 3 Gubata Arjo Kebele Gubata Arjo 0.056 4 Gubata Arjo Primary Gubeta Arjo 2.356 5 Kununsa Bososna (Gubata Arjo) Gubata Arjo 5.25 6 Roge tomo primary Gubata Arjo 0.447 7 Hadha Bena Rehaman mosque Hadha Basso 69m2 (Hada baso kebel 8 Veterinary clinic Hadha Basso 0.033 9 Kunnunsa Garii grass union Allage 0.8514 10 Borera grass union Allage 0.83105 Source: Census survey, November 2020 The affected public institutions have already paid compensation for replacement of affected property and no ground to consider livelihood restoration plan for them. Water shortage is the major constraints in some kebeles where PAHs repeatedly expressed their concerns regarding shortage of water and health issue raised as one of their major concern. In some places like crusher sites (Wolichou Boromou) kebele, the road project has been providing water through water trucking which the community consider as temporary and though not long-lasting solution. 4.3.3 Non land Impacts The project impacts basically land based impacts and it is also important to mention and give information on non-land impacts so that one may get full understanding on it. The Non land impact basically includes property or economic livelihood asset affected other than land. These may include non-land like business areas (shops, hotel, cafeteria or other working place in off farm activities). As reviewed in the profile of PAPs data base and survey result, the road section (Ziway-Arsi Negele) entirely covers rural kebeles and these project kebeles are totally agriculture dependent. During the survey non land economic impact was not found, and all PAPs surveyed categorized under land based impacts. 64 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 4.3.4 Compensation and Utilization The total compensation paid for total 1047 PAPs indicate birr 855,162,215.66 as per the available data sources. The target beneficiaries were asked on the use and application of compensation fund as well as saving, asset creation as a base for livelihood restoration effort. Based on the survey data, 25.8% of the HHs used for transition consummation (food and other consumables) and others have used for land rental and or purchase of other livelihood asset and the survey result indicated in table below. Table 16: Purpose and use of compensation fund Categories The purpose of the compensation used for Frequency Percent Transition consumption (food and basic needs) 235 25.8 Rural land rent and Livestock purchase 181 19.9 Rural based Agriculture equipment (water pump, like 126 13.8 Rural house construction 122 13.4 Urban house purchase/construction 85 9.3 Urban based Purchase of Motor bicycle, Cart, Vehicle/Bajaj 94 10.3 Petty Trading/Business 68 7.5 Total 911 100.0 Source: Census survey, November, 2020 As indicated during consultation, some made effort to use compensation fund as start capital for farming , petty trade, constructed house in nearby towns and others accesses land in urban or rural for house construction and other uses. It was also indicated that some used for unintended investment directly shared for family members and their wife and spouse as reflected during focus group and community meeting discussion. During consultation, PAPs were asked if training given on how and use plan of the compensation before and or after disbursement and majority lack of awareness and training on use and application of compensation was one of the constraints. The survey also asked if training and awareness given to them on compensation fund management and majority (69.2%) of the PAPs replied no awareness and training on the use and application of compensation fund. Some of them shared to family members spouse/wives and not used for the intended purpose of lost property replacement or other economic value and improvised. As learning, many of them suggested not to repeat the same in the livelihood support and prefer activity based livelihood restoration package of economic livelihood business activities support system than cash provision. They also suggested rural and urban land replacement free of charge to be replaced as proposed by many of the PAPs. 4.4 Livelihood Need Assessment 4.4.1 Livelihood needs The specific livelihood preference needs of PAPs summarized from the survey result and majority (56.2%) preferred agriculture input/farming; followed by 13.2% demanding Irrigation and summary from the survey shown in table below. 65 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Sector of Livelihood activities Frequency Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Agriculture input/Farm Power 512 56.2 56.2 Irrigation 120 13.2 69.4 Fattening 90 9.9 79.3 Dairy 76 8.3 87.6 Local transport 35 3.8 91.4 Grain trade 64 7.0 98.5 Fruits & vegetables 14 1.5 100.0 Total 911 100.0 In general, the preferred need of PAPs includes land/agriculture; Non land/off-farm/Non agriculture livelihood restoration. Therefore, the need and preferred livelihood restoration strategies can be grouped as (i) land based/Agriculture and (ii) Non-land/ off-farm /Non land agriculture related categories. The agriculture based livelihood strategies include like agriculture input, irrigation, livestock fattening, dairy, poultry, intensification of existing crop production and majority of the persons preferred these options. The non-agriculture based activities broadly classified grain trade, local transportation, fruits & vegetable production and market, and other service components. 4.4.2 Owned Asset that contributes their livelihood Owned equity asset contributes their livelihood development effort and assessed what asset PAHHs owned that contribute livelihood development endeavors. Accordingly, some of them replied that one or more combination of asset at their hands that includes farmland, livestock, Bajaj, water pump, Motor bicycle and cart 4.4.3 Education and skills Similarly, education and skills also related to the business enterprise preference need and 34.4% of the target PAPs has one or more combination of skills in irrigated crops, livestock production and 66 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project marketing, grain trade, fattening, dairy, poultry and other activities and transport service (cart or Bajaj). 4.4.4 Preferred Mode/Ways of engagement (Individually or in Group Basis) The business organization modes of preferred management are either individual or groups. The majority (81.4%) of the PAHHs prefers to undertake the business individually and 18.6% preferred group or cooperative partnerships with others. Therefore, this LRP is prepared considering the preference of the PAPs. 4.4.5 Preferred working areas The respondent was asked their preferred working place for undertaking their preferred business activities. The project corridor has strong urban rural linkage and those fully impacted and lost their farm preferred to settle their livelihood in urban within the immediate nearest towns of Batu/Ziway, Bulbula, Arsi Negele. Land and farm based activity is livelihood for majority of PAPs and majority of PAPs preferred to engage in agriculture. Although, some of the PAPs groups suggested land for land replacement, based on the woreda and kebele and public consultation, there is no land for replacement, and PAPs have to enhance their livelihood on the remaining land and other alternative like land rent and share cropping though local contract arrangement. 4.4.6 Estimation of Income Loss and Degree of Impacts The degree and level of project impacts varies among PAPs. The PAHHs were generating their livelihoods basically from land and assets created on land. Both livestock and crop farming activities as well as perennial crops and tree products of the mixed farming PAHHs were all based on land availability. Therefore, the identification of PAHHs by degree of effect shall use extent of land expropriated as key criteria. This task requires the availability of data on the total landholdings, expropriated holdings and remain landholding balance of the PAHHs. The list of PAPs was compiled from ERA compensation payment and used available data sources from project office. The survey was undertaken confidentially, and PAPs were truly in telling the data and effort was made, and the average landholding cross checked with woreda average landholding estimates. Based on the established data, a percentage of the size of expropriated landholding to the total land holding was computed to get the percent land loss from the total land holding size and identified degree of impacts for each PAHHs. 67 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project The degree of impact on each PAPs varies, and the impact level is categorized into five categories each having an equal range of 20 (Table 11 in preceding section) and detail in separate (Annex 1). The majority 474 (52%) of PAPs affected less than 20% of their land and 90 PAPs or (9.9%) affected (80- 100%) of their total land holding. The purpose of identification of each PAHH by the respective degree of impacts is to allocate the required LRP support and resource to restore each PAPs and share equitable amount lost to create their source of income and livelihood base. The amount of proposed budget for each PAPs was shared proportionate to income loss estimate with an intention of replacing the livelihood loss. The Project impact varies among PAPs depending on level of land size affected and needs to allocate budget proportionate to the level of impacts. There are two approaches for estimation of income loss. Household surveys estimate and response: In the first one may ask the PAPs amount of economic loss in terms of money equivalent. In this approach is much subjective and, in most case, highly exaggerated response with expectation of additional budget allocation for their livelihood restoration. In addition, the response and estimate for the same land area say one hectare varies between two PAHHs and limitation to ensure objective measure for land loss on equal basis. Proportionate income loss: In this valuation approach, based on the prevailing production and yield and market sales, the income from one hectare land estimated and proportionate allocation for other depending on land size expropriated. Based on the woreda information and compensation data sources, production/yield 40 quintal/ha and 15 years and the sales price (1500 birr/Qt), the average annual per hectare income loss is Birr 60,000 /ha whereas based on same source the annual income loss for one hectare grass land estimated to birr 40,000. 5. NEED ASSESSMENT AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PLAN 5.1 Identification of PAPs and Vulnerable Groups (VGs) In identifying PAPs or Vulnerable groups (VGs), land loss greater than 20% is the basic criteria for eligibility. The issues of vulnerable people are given special consideration by the World Bank under its operational (Op 4.12) and in Ethiopian Social Protection Policy. In this document, the same national Policy has been referred in identifying the vulnerable groups who need additional support due to dispossession of their properties associated with the on-going road development activities. Vulnerability as one eligibility criteria and people with one or more of the criteria indicated in preceding section are considered as vulnerable groups identified who needs special support. Based on Ethiopia social vulnerability indicators; ERA/RPF and World bank operational policy the criteria used in identifying vulnerability include. 68 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Vulnerable PAPs with disabilities physical unable to work  Elderly PAPs who have no care and support,  Women headed PAPs who have no care and support  PAPs in Sever illness due to HIV and AIDS and other chronic diseases that constrain their ability to work, As pointed in preceding section, the LOT3 road project classified entirely land based impacts and first land greater than 20% is used as major criteria in determining eligibility. Based on the land criteria a total of 437 PAPs are found eligible. These include 89 PAPs vulnerable groups and required to exclude the VGs to avoid double count of vulnerable groups. Thus, excluding vulnerable (89) from the total 437 and a total 348 PAPs are eligible for livelihood restoration plan. The summary on numbers of eligible PAPs and vulnerable groups composition is presented in the following table and detail in separate Annex (Annex 1; Excel sheet 1-4). Table 17: PAPs and Vulnerable composition Eligibility Indicator No. PAPs # PAPs lost greater than 20% of their Land 437 Vulnerable PAPs  Physical Disability (Sever illness/HIV/AIDS or other) 49  age>70 20  WIDOWS 20 Total Vulnerable Groups 89 PAPs for (LRP) 348 Source: Census survey, November 2020 Effort was made to avoid double count/overlap of vulnerable groups with PAPs eligible for livelihood enterprises. The Vulnerable groups are identified from Eligible PAPs who meet the basic criteria (land loss>20%) and not taken across all PAPs. The survey assessment identified the vulnerable groups based on eligibility criteria land loss >20%, physical disability, old aged, widows and chronic health problem) who unable to work and lacks care and support. Accordingly, from 437 PAPs identified 89 vulnerable groups identified who unable to work due to illness or other physical disabilities and required to develop livelihood restoration plan for 348 PAPs . 5.2 LIVELIHOODS RESTORATION PLAN 5.2.1 Livelihood Restoration Plan Formulation The main basis for formulation of the livelihood restoration plan is to enable PAPs to restore their income or improve their standard of living through a set of integrated strategies and assistance for sustainable livelihood schemes. Whereas the vulnerable groups are those unable to work and in 69 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project addition to budget allocation for income loss, it is required to provide direct social and economic support through existing social institutions. Initial training and support for unemployed youth of PAPs are also considered in the plan. The plan has three major components: I. The income restoration and improvement component for affected PAPs II. Livelihood Restoration support for vulnerable PAPs groups III. Training and capacity building for unemployed youths of PAPs 5.2.2 Criteria and consideration for livelihood package and Budget allocation In planning the livelihood business other selection criteria also considered including PAPs’ preference need, skills and capacity, gender and equity; Vulnerable and support; availability of budget and finance have been taken into consideration. The LRP fund expected to be financed from government or other means, in whatever the case limited capital resource and high expectation from the PAPs side. The budget allocation tried to adjust and proposed fair, affordable and to ensure livelihood restoration based on available resource and knowledge capacity building. The survey indicated that the degree and level of land loss/income loss impacts on PAHs due to the road project varies depending on land size affected and type of the land use (farm/Grazing land) The road project traverse rural kebeles and PAHs generating their livelihoods basically from farmland or grazing land and assets developed on it. Therefore, the budget allocations of the restoration plan for each of PAHs have considered some of the following criteria:  Size of land taken: The amount of land lost varies from one household to another. The type economic livelihoods affected are farm and grass/grazing land.  The PAPs profile in terms of age, education and skill, interest and objective conditions of different categories of PAPs in terms of physical fitness and previous experience  Number of PAHs household dependents members: PAHs with larger family sizes aged less than 18 years often face greater degrees of shocks in trying to restore their livelihood activities and proportionate budget share allocated  Income loss: The income loss estimated based on the survey questionnaires and cross checked with per hectare production/yield and average annual per hectare income loss.  Weighted average: For the purposes of analysis, the report considered the weighted mean of the above three factors (land loss, Income loss and dependency) for each of the PAHs and the computed an average for the three factors in allocating their budget share. This is just to indicate earmarked possible budget closer budget estimate for that PAHs and the actual budget to be allocated based on the cost of identified livelihood schemes.  Preferred livelihood needs/activities: In addition to the above factors, their LRP budget proposals also considered the livelihood needs and cost that operate to restore their livelihood and 70 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project their members. The project traverse 16 rural kebeles and most PAHs had preferred agricultural activities that justify agriculture their lifelong experiences and their skill and knowledge base most farmers preferable needs in agricultural activities. Agriculture transformation though Vocational capacity building including training, could transform affected person’s earlier experiences into more useful productivities.  Labour and Local resource contribution: The LRP budget prepared based on detail cost items to cover the livelihood activities. The presumption taken that labour and other resource contribution encourage ownership and sustainable livelihood development. i.e., if one invests and contribute labour and other resource from own source, it creates sense of ownership and reduce the budget outlay which otherwise used for the project investment.  Analysis and availability of available economic resource potential mainly land and others economic livelihood of the respective woredas and kebeles economic, financial, socio- cultural viability income generating schemes as well as providing different options and choices.  Budget/Capital: Road project construction by itself is capital intensive. Capital/budget is scarce and limited to finance such expensive development project and on the other hand high expectation of PAPs to restore their economic livelihood loss. The views and concerns from both side taken into consideration and proposed optimal budget that ensure sustainable livelihood sources for loss of their economic livelihood sources and anticipated to be affordable to finance by the government treasure. 5.3 Proposed Livelihood Restoration for PAPs The PAPs primary and secondary livelihood preference needs were asked during the survey and categorized into seven livelihoods needs. Most of the the PAPs’ occupation, skills and practices is farm based and 44.3% of the PAPs prefer their livelihood restoration in agriculture/farm based who have some remain parcel land and interest to maximize on existing land. Table 18: Primary Livelihood preference needs No Livelihood restoration schemes Number of Valid Cumulative PAPs Percent Percent Percent 1 Agriculture Agriculture input/Farm 154 44.3 44.3 44.3 based Irrigation scheme 30 8.6 8.6 52.9 Fattening 55 15.8 15.8 68.7 Dairy 48 13.8 13.8 82.5 2 Non agriculture Local transport 21 6.0 6.0 88.5 Grain trade 20 5.7 5.7 94.3 Vegetable and fruits market 20 5.7 5.7 100.0 Total 348 100.0 100.0 71 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project The above enterprise can also divide into Agriculture and Non agriculture livelihood activities based on the type of livelihood schemes. 5.4 Women and livelihood activities Agriculture based economic activity is the livelihood source for long years and the farm based economic activity is the livelihood base for male and women households. Based on the need assessment majority (40.6%) of women prefers agricultures for livelihood restoration activities and this may be due to the fact that agriculture is the livelihood base and long years’ experience for their livelihood sources. Women in the road project corridor also participate in all livelihood activities including transport/ driving carts, agriculture and farm activities, poultry and livestock/animal production, trade business and others. Women participation and preference needs for livelihood activities Male women Total %Women LRP Livelihood 141 13 154 40.6 Agriculture 27 3 30 9.4 Irrigation 52 3 55 9.4 Livestock 42 6 48 18.8 Dairy 18 3 21 9.4 Local transport 20 0 20 0.0 Grain trade 16 4 20 12.5 Fruits 316 32 348 100.0 Women in the project corridor leads work over burden and limitation in economic livelihood sources and needs to give special consideration to access and address and give priority for women headed households. Like any other rural area, male is major decision-making, and women counterpart must participate in deciding the use and application of LRP budget in the household unit. Training and awareness creation programs must be conducted to open a common account with husband and wife, not only for livelihood account but also used for their future account and financial management. 72 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 5.4.1 Agriculture Based Livelihood Enterprises 5.4.1.1 Support for Agricultural Input SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURAL FARM INPUTS Definition of Package: Providing required agricultural input and increase production and productivity of existing agricultural activity or generate additional income or an alternative means of income. Land is required for agriculture input package and PAPs with remaining land needs to participate and otherwise land rent and share crop arrangement can be the option which is already being exercised in the area. Aim/Goals of the Package: Agriculture mainly crop production is the main occupation of the people in the road corridor. During the field study, project affected peoples indicated agriculture mainly crop production is their long life occupation and majority of them preferred to engage farm based activities. These group of PAPs indicated shortage of agriculture input due to increasing cost of farm input and have keen interest to provide and support in agricultural input package that add increased production and productivity. The preferable needs for this group are farm input including farm power and other input and 154 PAPs identified to participate. This package is catered basically for those PAPs who have remaining farmland and preferable needs for their livelihood restoration in farm based activities. This package is catered towards primarily for PAPs who have some remained land. It aims to restore the livelihood of PAPs by engaging in agriculture based activities that contributes production and productivity by providing agricultural inputs. In the road project corridor share cropping and land rental also possible to bring resources together and produce in share cropping in which one provide land and the other provide ox and other farm input and finally share the farm output. Once provided livelihood support each PAHHs can produce on his remain land or other additional extra land through ox for land share cropping depending on local arrangement. As agriculture farm input, ox provide the major farm power for farming and shortage of farm power indicated as constraint. Thus, minimum one ox and maximum four ox planned to be provided depending on the land loss impacts and proportionate budget allocation. Hence, the agriculture input considered provision of ox and other farm input. The major parts of the budget allocation and livelihood restoration cost are developed based on current market, land loss impacts and others. Each activity package and detail are provided in Annex 2.1 in separate excel sheet. Package Activities: PAPs that have lost some of their land due to the land acquisition of the road project, and PAPs who have physical ability to carry out their agricultural activities expresses their needs and identified 154 PAPs for participation in this package. The agricultural inputs package is based on identified needs and the inputs to be purchased will be within the limits of the Package budget for agriculture input obtained through land based impacts for this package. Those PAPs who have remaining some parcel land need agriculture farm power (ox or tractor) and inputs to maximize their production on small plot of land. Based on experts knowledge tractor operation and management may not be feasible in group and instead changed to oxen provision with additional agriculture input for each PAPs. Required agricultural inputs package includes farm power (Ox), improved seeds, fertilizer and other operational cost. The number of ox planned based on the level of impacts. The number of PAPs who need to restore their livelihood restoration plan by participating on the farming on their remaining land as identified on their preference. ❖ Total number PAPs need farm (Agriculture inputs)-------154PAPs ❖ Beneficiaries 154PAPs and 592 dependent family members 73 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Number of PAPs and dependent: The detail list and budget allocation for each PAPs and dependent worked in separate excel sheet and total of 154 PAPs, members under this package. Resources Required/Assumption ❖ Land assumed remaining land and share cropping arrangement ❖ Ox power and other accessory farm input (seeds, fertilizer, etc.) ❖ Farm power (Ox) and Improved farm input provided within budget share limit ❖ Support for 1 crop season ❖ Provide in kind as start-up and avoid disbursing fund as seed money ❖ The nature of the package preferably individual bases for management, but those interested can merge their allocated budget and to be organized in groups by woreda cooperatives and micro enterprises. ❖ Compensation already paid for PAPs and expect to contribute labour and other resources in their capacity as required. ❖ Woreda cooperative office and other sector office organize PAPs in to cooperative and linking them with market and credit facilities for sustainable access to financial service ❖ PAPs expect to contribute resources in their capacity that also ensure sense of ownership to the livelihood scheme for sustainable operation. ❖ PAPs expected to contribute labour and other inputs as may be required ❖ Provide awareness on the essence and objectives of LRP from the beginning, develop business skill and financial management capacity building training for implementing partners and PAP s groups. Responsible body ❖ ERA secure and allocate the budget and woreda administration coordinate all the other woreda sector office for implementation ❖ Independent LRP implementation unit to be contracted/assigned by ERA ❖ Woreda administration and sector office organize PAPs, establish grievance committee ❖ The independent body arrange training and provide start-up capital ❖ Administration and land administration provide management and technical support ❖ Woreda sector office organize PAPs in to cooperative and linking them with credit facilities and markets) ❖ ERA provide budget and Oversee and Monitor its implementation Training and capacity building support will be provided primarily by woreda agriculture office, woreda micro enterprises development and woreda cooperatives Mode of organization: Individual based on level of impacts/ income loss and dependency ratio The PAPs remain some parcel land need agriculture farm power (ox or tractor) and inputs to maximize their production on small plot of land. Based on experts knowledge tractor operation and management may not be feasible in group and preferred oxen and other farm input provision for each PAPs. Those interested to work in group will be organized though Woreda cooperative office. Monitoring Indicators: ❖ Number of beneficiary PAPs ❖ Number of agricultural inputs provided ❖ Contribution of the provided inputs to the PAPs and their dependent ❖ Type and number of agricultural inputs need preference against actual performance ❖ Contribution of the packages for the improvement livelihood activities of the supported PAPs, Budget allocation and activities; Those PAPs preferred agriculture farm input are mainly those who have remain land and may access for land rent or share cropping arrangement with others with those who have excess land in neighborhood. The budget allocation determined based on the weighted average of land expropriated, number of dependent and income loss (Annex 2). As agriculture input Farm power (ox) is the major input and minimum one and maximum up to four ox is to be supported 74 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project depending on the weighted average of land loss, income loss, number of dependent. In this agriculture input package farm input mainly farm power (Ox) and other agriculture input will be supported for a total of 154 PAHs and 592 participate and benefit. In addition, minimum one youths of PAPs, total 592 family members expected to participate and benefit. The agriculture support provides total 276 farm power (ox) and other farm input supported depending on the weighted average criteria (Land loss, income loss, number of dependent…etc.). The total budget for this package amounts birr 15,428,400. Based on the weighted land loss, income loss and dependent family members. The input package depends s on weighted loss and 1 to 4 farm ox and a total 276 farm power ox and other agriculture input will be supported for the identified needy PAPs group. The proposed budget is for the first six months of one crop season after which to operate from revenue/income generated from the livelihood activities. Based on this assumption the total cost for the package estimated and allocated for each PAPs and presented in separate excel Annex (Annex 2, sheet 2.1). Although the budget allocation assumed for six moth cropping season, the allocated budget is to be financed and disbursed to woreda implementing partners at one time for purchase of the proposed input package. The budget application and use of fund should be closely monitored under the supervision of ERA social and environment management directorate, woreda LRP coordination and PAPs elected committee. The organization and management of LRP fund discussed in chapter/section 8 of this report. The proposed budget is closely within the budget share and summery of budget under this package presented in table below and for detail refer separate excel sheet Annex 2 (Sheet 2.1) Table 19: Summary of cost and budget (Agriculture input livelihood schemes) Description Unit qty Unit cost Total Remark Ox #Ox 276 30,000 8,280,000 Shed #shed 276 1,000 276,000 local shed Feed cost (276 ox; Kg 372,600 15 5,589,000 (276 ox; 15kg/day/ox 15kg/day/ox for 180 days) for 180 days) Veterinary (for 276 Ox; 50 vet ox 1,656 50 82,800 (for 276 ox; 50 birr birr/month/ox for 6 months month /month for 6 month Improved seeds (276 ox 13,800 75 1,035,000 and 50kg/ox) kg Fertilizer (276 ox and 2,760 60 165,600 10kg/ox kg Labor cost and other cost Family labour Total 15,428,400 Source: Annex 2 (Sheet 2.1) 75 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 5.4.1.2 Support for Irrigation farming Although, the project corridor supposed high water potential for irrigation, in the road project kebele irrigation use is limited due to lack of knowledge and capital to access water pumps and salinity problem (Lake Langano) and other constraints. The water quality also matters and varies by woreda. The project corridor mainly Ademi Tullu woreda has better water sources for irrigation mainly ground water and river source like Bulbula river and small streams in some kebeles that provides opportunities for small scale irrigation. Based on the consultation with PAPs small scale irrigation practiced along Bulbula river by farmer group and based on this practice support for irrigation package has been preference needs of some PAPs group. This package is catered towards primarily for the PAPs who have irrigation access or interested to produce in share cropping with other neighbor irrigated water access and landowner. During the consultation, indicted that, if water pump and other irrigation farm input provided, PAPs interested to carry out their irrigated agricultural activities on their remaining land and those who have no water access also like to work through share cropping arrangement more efficiently and expressed felt needs to maintain their livelihood more efficiently. Package Activities: The targets in this package are PAPs who have access to water and land, and preferred needs to work irrigation on their own land and/or land rent or share cropping arrangement basis and selected for participation in small scale irrigation package. Required irrigation farm inputs for the identified 30 PAPs are mainly water pump and farm input. Mode of organization: The numbers of PAPs who need to restore their livelihood restoration plan by participating on the irrigation farming on their remaining land are identified based on their preference. ❖ Total number PAPs need water pump and irrigation farm inputs will be for 30PAPs ❖ The preferred mode of engagement in group of 3 or 5 PAPs depending on the willingness, neighborhood, and proximity. ❖ The budget allocation provided for each PAPs and open to work individual or group by emerging their allocated budget. ❖ The woreda irrigation and agriculture office and LRP implementing unit assist in organizing PAPs groups. ❖ Provide small pumps for individual and higher capacity pump for groups depending on the level of impacts of each groups ❖ In addition to pumps provide other irrigation farm inputs Resources Required/Assumption ❖ Land assumed remaining land and share cropping and or land rent arrangement 76 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project ❖ Water pump and other accessory farm input (seeds, fertilizer, etc.) ❖ Provide in kind as start-up and avoid disbursing fund as seed money ❖ The nature of the package preferably water pump in group of 2-5 PAPs, and those interested can merge their allocated budget and to be organized in groups by woreda cooperatives and micro enterprises. ❖ PAPs expect to contribute resources in their capacity that also ensure sense of ownership to the livelihood scheme for sustainable operation. ❖ PAPs expected to contribute labour and other inputs as may be required ❖ Provide awareness on the essence and objectives of LRP from the beginning, develop business skill and financial management capacity building training for implementing partners and PAP s groups. Responsible body ❖ Independent LRP implementation unit to be contracted/assigned by ERA ❖ Woreda administration and sector office mainly agriculture, cooperative and micro enterprise play the major role in organizing PAPs in group and management of the same. ❖ The independent body arrange training and provide start-up capital ❖ Woreda Administration and land administration provide management and technical support ❖ Woreda cooperative office and other sector office organize PAPs in to cooperative and linking them with market and credit facilities for sustainable access to financial service ❖ ERA provide budget and Oversee and Monitor its implementation ❖ Training and capacity building support will be provided primarily by woreda irrigation and agriculture development office, woreda micro enterprises development and woreda cooperatives Budget allocation: The budget allocation made on individual basis and grouping can be organized on their interest and consent at implementation stage. Purchase and distribution of water pump for each PAPs may not affordable and there must be group for pump purchase and use. The budget was allocated for each individual PAPs and can merge their budget together for purchase of the water pump. Regarding the use and benefit from the water pump, the group expected to agree between themselves or bylaws depending on their budget allocation. It is proposed to provide one Water pump for 3-5 PAPs depending on neighborhood for management and six groups can be established based on their interest. This irrigation package intended for 30 PAPs and 100 dependents and the budget required estimated to birr 3,162,337.50. The package cost and budget share indicated for each PAPs and those interested in group can form groups by merging their 77 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project allocated budget. The summery of proposed budget presented in the following table and for detail refer to separate excel Annex 2 (excel sheet 2.2) Table 20: Small scale irrigation livelihood package Item Unit Qty Unit cost Total Water Pump Number 21 93000 1,953,000.00 Fuel lit 37800 25 945,000.00 Improved seed Kg 1500 50 75,000.00 Fertilizer Kg 775 50 38,750.00 Other Lumpsum 150,588.00 Total 3,162,338.00 Source: Annex 2 (sheet 2.1) The proposed irrigation scheme is selected not only by those PAPs who have water and land access, but also those who have no water and land have shown interest to produce in share cropping and land rent arrangement from neighborhood households who have the irrigation water and land resources. In existing practice, irrigation land rent and share cropping widely practiced in the area and people from urban area and long distance in other kebele produce in the same way. The proposed irrigation package mainly proposed for project kebele in Ademi Tullu woreda along the Bulbula River and in other kebele those who may have access for other small stream water sources. 5.4.1.3 Support for Animal Fattening Both crop production and livestock contribute economic livelihood and supplementary income sources. The area has potential pastureland for animal husbandry for 55 PAPs identified as they need assistance on fattening farm. This package aims to restore the livelihood of the PAPs by engaging in animal fattening activities in income generation by providing improved bulls for fattening. Resources Required/Assumption ❖ Provide Improved bulls for fattening and other accessory fattening input (feed, vet, etc.) ❖ Provide in kind as start-up and avoid disbursing fund as seed money ❖ The nature of the package preferably in group or individual and those interested in group can merge their allocated budget and to be organized in groups by woreda cooperatives and micro enterprises. The budget allocation made for everyone to be flexible in group and individual budget share. ❖ Provide awareness on the essence and objectives of LRP from the beginning, develop business skill and financial management capacity building training for implementing partners and PAP s groups. Budget allocation 78 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Depending on the level of impact, the budget allocation, minimum one and maximum three bulls and other accessories will be supported based on the level and proportionate economic loss impacts. Based on their needs for the fattening package a total of 55 PAPs identified to participate. The package expected to support 55 PAPs that have 222 dependent family members. The first animal fattening is for three month for sales and 4 round fattening and sales in a year. The budget allocation assumed for the first three months and continues from self-generate income after three months. The total activity cost estimated to birr 6,152,225. The numbers of fattening animals for support depend on the level of land loss impacts and minimum 1 and maximum 3 bulls and total 97 bulls with supplementary inputs will be provided and supported for PAPs depending on the land level of loss and income loss impacts. Summary of the proposed budget presented in table that follows and detail refer to Annex 2 (excel sheet 2.3) Table 21: Animal Fattening livelihood scheme (Summary of cost and budget plan) Item Unit Unit Qty cost Total Remark Bulls Bulls 97 25,000 2,425,000 Shed shed (M2) 388 4,000 1,552,000 4m2 for 1 animal fatten Feed Kg 130,950.00 15.00 1,964,250 total 97 animal; 15kg/d/animal for 90 days Vet Fattening 291 50.00 14,550 bulls and 97 bulls for 3 month and month 50br/month water Liter 130,950.00 1.50 196,425 95 animal; 15 lit/d/animal for 90 days Total 6,152,225 Source: Annex 2 (Excel sheet 2.3) 5.4.1.4 SUPPORT FOR DAIRY FARM INPUTS Definition of Package: Providing required dairy farm inputs to help PAPs in existing and additional dairy activity to generate additional alternative means of income Dairy farm activities provide wide ranges of benefit as supplementary food and income sources and preferred needs of PAPs as one of the livelihood restoration activities. The dairy enterprises will be individual and household base for ease of management. Shed is considered for each PAPs and may merge in group for shed or individual shed as required and based on their interest. The number of dairy cows to be provided depends on land take level/land loss level and expropriated by the project. Thus, based on the budget allocation, name of PAPs who have expressed preference needs for the dairy sector and the number of dairy cows and other input to be provided to each PAPs under this sector provided in table below. Resources Required/Assumption 79 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Provide Improved cows for milk and also provide dairy input accessories (feed, vet, etc.)  Provide in kind as start-up and avoid disbursing fund as seed money  The nature of the package preferably in group or individual and those interested in group can merge their allocated budget and to be organized in groups by woreda cooperatives and micro enterprises. The budget allocation made for everyone to be flexible in group and individual budget share.  PAPs expect to contribute resources in their capacity that also ensure sense of ownership to the livelihood scheme for sustainable operation.  PAPs expected to contribute labour and other inputs as may be required  Provide awareness on the essence and objectives of LRP from the beginning, develop business skill and financial management capacity building training for implementing partners and PAP s groups. Responsible body ❖ Independent LRP implementation unit to be contracted/assigned by ERA and budget included ❖ Woreda administration and sector office mainly agriculture office provides technical support ❖ Woreda cooperative and micro enterprise organize PAPs in group of cooperative and linking them with credit facilities ❖ ERA provide budget and Oversee and Monitor its implementation Monitoring Indicators: ❖ Number of beneficiary PAPs ❖ Number of dairy farm inputs provided ❖ Contribution of the provided inputs to the workforce ❖ Contribution of the packages on the improvement of the livelihood activities of the supported PAPs, through the pre-package and post package data comparisons The number of PAPs who need to restore their livelihood restoration by participating in dairy farming were identified on their preference needs for their livelihood restoration. ❖ Total number PAPs for dairy farm input ------- 48PAPs ❖ Budget allocation support for one year until the cows give birth and benefit ❖ Dairy farm based required inputs are mainly dairy cow, feed, Veterinary service and others. Budget Based on their needs for the dairy farm package a total of 48 PAPs and 48 youths of PAPs (in total about 190 family members) will participate and benefit under this package. The numbers of dairy cows for support depend on the level of land loss impacts and minimum 1 and maximum 2 dairy cows and total 80 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 67 with other accessories inputs will be supported depending on the weighted average of land loss and income loss impacts and other factors. The total cost under this package estimated to birr 4,946,275. The package cost and budget share indicated for each PAPs and the work can be undertaken by each PAPs. The budget allocation was made for each PAPs and those interested in group can also form groups by merging their allocated budget. The summary of the budget for dairy farm package indicated in table below and for detail refer to separate Annex 2(Excel sheet 2.4) Table 22: Dairy farm Livelihood schemes (summery of cost and budget Plan) Unit Qty Unit cost Total Cows cows 67 60,000 4,020,000 Shed shed (M2) 268 1,000 268,000.00 4m2 for 1 animal fatten Kg 60,300.00 10 603,000.00 total 67 animal; 15kg/d/dairy cows for 90 Feed days Cow month 201.00 50 10,050.00 67 animal for three Vet month and 50br/month Liter 90,450.00 0.5 45,225.00 67 animal; 15 lit/d/animal water for 90 days Total 4,946,275 Source: Annex 2.4 Dairy enterprises 5.4.2 Nonagricultural Based LRP For PAPs Urban based and non-agriculture livelihood small enterprise like local transport service, grain trade and fruits and vegetable marketing are preferred needs of some PAPs and proposed to operate in nearby town areas. The town administration should closely support project affected peoples in providing workplace and other assistance in town areas as may be required. As indicated during consultation, some of the PAPs already bought land in town and would like to engage urban business like transport, grain trading and other business in town areas. . 5.4.2.1 Support for Local Transport Enterprise Local transport Package: based on the need assessment and PAPs information, the project kebeles have strong urban rural linkage and rapid peoples movement and large public transportation and high demand for people and good transportation service from rural to urban and urban. The market demand reveals local Transport Enterprise service is high and hence PAPs need to involve local transport to generate an alternative livelihood income. In the project corridor cart transport service operates by women and male and generates income sources. As revealed during consultation, carts and Bajaj are used in the area as local transport. Although, PAPs in this package preferred Bajaj transport service, cart transport agriculture product from rural to marketplace and considering the local demand as rural 81 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project and urban linkage and budget limit for Bajaj transport and hence in discussion with PAPs group under this package, cart transport was found the preferred option selected as local transport activities. As observed women involve cart transport activities including driving the cart and contributes income sources for women and men groups. Aim/Goals of the Package: During the field study, some PAPs who had lost their land due to the project expressed their needs to involve Local Transport Enterprise (Cart or Bajaj) that expect their livelihood improvement. Package Activities: PAPs and their youth and family members were expressed their preferred needs to participate in local transport. The cart transport contributes Local Transport of the rural and within skills and knowledge of PAPs to operate and within budget limit of the Package. Hence, cart with full accessories of drive animals to be provided for PAPs interested in this package. Resources Required/Assumption ❖ Provide cart with drive animals (Horse) and another accessory for cart transport ❖ Provide in kind as start-up and avoid disbursing fund as seed money ❖ The budget allocation was made for each individual PAPs to be flexible in group and individual budget share and those interested in group can merge their allocated budget and to be organized in groups by woreda cooperatives and micro enterprises. ❖ PAPs expect to contribute resources in their capacity that also ensure sense of ownership to the livelihood scheme for sustainable operation. ❖ PAPs expected to contribute labour and other inputs as may be required ❖ Provide awareness on the essence and objectives of LRP from the beginning, develop business skill and financial management capacity building training for implementing partners and PAP s groups. Responsible body ❖ Independent LRP implementation unit to be contracted/assigned by ERA ❖ Woreda administration and sector office organize PAPs, establish grievance committee ❖ The independent body arrange training and provide start-up capital ❖ Administration and land administration provide management and technical support ❖ Woreda sector office organize PAPs in to cooperative and linking them with credit facilities and markets) ❖ ERA provide budget and Oversee and Monitor its implementation 82 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project ❖ Urban livelihood schemes like trade and market business or local transport service is proposed to work in nearby town areas and town administration should closely support road project affected peoples in providing workplace and other assistance Monitoring Indicators: ❖ Number of beneficiary PAPs ❖ Number of PAHs needs Local Transport Enterprise provided ❖ Contribution of the packages on the improvement of the livelihood activities of the PAPs, through the pre-package and post package data comparisons The number of PAPs who need to restore their livelihood restoration plan by participating on the Local Goods Transport Enterprise as their preference. ❖ Total number PAPs need (Local Transport Enterprise)-------21 PAPs Budget The number of input package determined based on the weighted average of land loss impacts, income loss and dependency ratio presented in separate excel Annex 2. Based on their needs for local transport package a total of 21 PAPs having 92 dependents will participants and benefit in this package. In this package of local transport, cart, horse and accessories are the major input. One cart planned for each PAPs under the package and number of drive animals (horse) varies depending on the weighted average land/ income loss and others and the total cost estimated to birr 1,508,850. The summery of the local transport cost presented in the following table and for detail refer to Annex 2(Excel sheet 2.5) Table 23: Estimated Cost and Benefit of Local Goods Transport Cart Enterprise Description Unit Qty unit cost Total Cart No. 21 12,000 252,000 Horse No. 49 7,000 343,000 Shed No. 49 5,000 245,000 Feed Kg. 66,150 10 661,500 Vet #animal for 3 months 147 50 7,350 Total 1,508,850 Source: Annex 2 5.4.2.2 Support for Grain Trade Enterprise This package identified for PAPs who lost large parts their land due to the project and less remaining land and have shown keen interest/need in grain trade and marketing for their livelihood restoration. The grain enterprise organized in market shed four in one group and total of five groups will be established. The market shed will be established at the center or near towns and PAPs may come from different location and kebeles to market their business in same shed. As much as possible group formation will be made assistance of woreda and kebele and PAPs group themselves. This stage is 83 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project primarily identification of eligible PAPs and woreda cooperatives and micro enterprise assist in organizing the groups at implementation stage. Based on their needs for the grain trade and marketing package, a total of 20 PAPs and 20 youths and total 76 family members expected to participate and benefit under the grain trade package. The total budget is birr 1,472,400. The budget allocated for each PAPs individual based on the weighted average of land loss impacts and other factors. They can pull and merge their allocated budget for market shed in one place and organized in groups at implementation stage. The summery of the budget for the package indicated in table below and for detail refer to Annex 2 (excel sheet 2.6) Table 24: Grain trade Enterprises Items Unit Qty Unit cost Total Grain Qt 321 4000 1,284,000 Weighting scale Number 20 1000 20,000 Shed Number 20 2000 40,000 Transport and other cost Lumpsum (10%) of grain cost 128,400 Total 1,472,400 Source: Survey result and detail from Annex 2 (sheet 2.6) 5.4.2.3 Support Fruit and Vegetables marketing enterprise Like grain trade and marketing, some PAHHs who lost large parts their land due to the road project indicated interest and need to participate in fruits and vegetable trade and marketing for their livelihood restoration. Based on the survey on their needs and interest, a total of 20 PAPs identified to participants in fruits and vegetable marketing. The package preferably in group and advantage in sharing resources like market shed in one place. The budget allocation was made for each PAPs and open to work individual or in group based on their consent and further consultation to organize in group. Based on preliminary consultation, suggested four PAPs in one group to maximize their benefit from market shed and other benefit. The major inputs under the grain trade package are initial startup bulk grain for trade and marketing. The startup budget and grain vary depending on the weighted average of land /income loss and others a total 540 quintal fruits and vegetable with other accessories for initial and the total activity cost estimated to birr 1,451,000. The summery of the budget indicated in table below and for the detail refer separate Annex 2 (Excel sheet 2.7) Table 25: Retail Fruit and Vegetables for Pap's unit Qty unit cost Total Fruit & Vegetable Qt 540 1500 810,000.00 weigh scale Pcs 20 1000 20,000.00 Market shed 1080 500 540,000.00 Transport & Other cost 81,000.00 84 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Total 1,451,000.00 Source: Survey result and detail from Annex 2 (Excel sheet 2.7) 5.4.2.4 LRP PACKAGE AND BUDGET SHARE In general, seven livelihood activity packages were identified for total 348 PAPs. The LRP package direct investment cost estimated to birr 34,121,488 excluding the other indirect implementation cost and M & E and all the others. The budget share of each PAPs computed from the total direct cost and summary of all the package indicated in table below: Table 26: LRP Cost and budget share No. of PAHs & their members Economic Sector/Livelihood activity (Option 1) Budget No PAPs Family members 1 Agriculture Related Activities Farm (Agriculture inputs) for PAPs 154 592 15,428,400 Irrigation farm 30 100 3,162,338 Fattening project enterprise 55 222 6,152,225 Dairy farm inputs 48 190 4,946,275 Sub total 287 1104 29,689,238 2 Non-Agriculture Related Activities Fruit and vegetables market 20 93 1,451,000 Grain trade market 20 76 1,472,400 Local transport service 21 92 1,508,850 sub Total 61 261 4,432,250 Total 348 1365 34,121,488 The budget share is computed for 348 PAPs about the above total direct cost distributed for each PAPs based on the weighted average (land loss, income loss, number of dependent family members). The budget share is worked for all 348 PAPs and budget share is attached under Annex 2 (Sheet 2.11). 5.5 Organizing PAPs in group and cooperatives The organization of PAPs in group and cooperatives enables to mobilize resources and collective effort and reached effectively for management of the delivery of input, services and facilities to support livelihood economic activities. Thus, it is required to promote PAPs with incentive budget to form working groups and cooperative group. The PAPs organize themselves around common preference need of livelihood income-raising activities with technical assistance of woreda cooperative office and LRP implementation unit. a) Formation of groups preferably based on preferred similar livelihood activities b) The PAPs beneficiaries must themselves select the members, leaders and rules of their groups. i.e., In the groups should be participatory. Volunteer membership and mutual consent 85 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project the PAPs and the group selects its own members based on certain criteria like adjacent farm lots and/or home plots, family ties, common (community) interests, friendships, religious affiliation, etc.; furthermore, willingness to accept mutual responsibility for group activities. This willingness may regard joining a nucleus enterprise, sharing production aids, possession of special skills or a pool of implements (among labourers) and so on. c) Membership accepts mutual responsibility and joint liability for self-help activities; and d) Trust each other to such an extent that none of them would dominate or exploit the other. The formation of viable and stable groups/cooperatives requires exerting effort in organizing PAPs groups with patience and needs additional time effort and budget to be allocated as incentives for PAPs interested to be organized in group and cooperatives. Majority of PAPs have shown less preference for group/cooperatives. Based on the survey 15% or about 52PAPs has shown interest to be organized in group/cooperatives and assuming and the incentives for group/cooperative livelihood development actions estimated to birr 1,607,601. This budget is used for cooperative promotion and additional assistance for PAPs preferred in group/cooperative livelihood schemes to encourage group and cooperative livelihood activities. 86 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 5.6 LRP FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS The vulnerable groups are those who are physically disable, old-aged people and widows unable to work livelihood for various reason and excluded from the LRP activities. As indicated in preceding section table 17, identified total 437 PAPs lost greater than 20% of their land, a total of 89 vulnerable with different types of vulnerabilities because that includes physical disabled (49); old aged (20) and widows/women headed with no care and support (20). The vulnerable are listed in table 27 due to one of the above factors and unable to work and needs livelihood support in the form of social support to sustain their livelihood and may not necessarily for asset creation. All vulnerable may not necessarily receive equal support and hence their budget allocation based on land loss, income loss and number of dependent family members. Accordingly, the total budget for vulnerable group support required is birr 9,113,189, and detail refer Annex 2 (sheet 2.8). The budget allocation was made for each based on land loss impacts, income loss and number of dependents. With regards to budget management beneficiaries were asked and majority prefers direct social support and accordingly the budget will be direct transfer as social support for respective beneficiaries. 87 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Table 27: Budget for the Vulnerable PAHHs land area weighte WOR #depe taken by Land loss Income VGs d Budget NO EDA KEBELE NAME of PAPs ndent the road (%) loss (%) index Average allocation 1 ATJK Korme Bujure Edoo Kufa Obsa 1 1.33366 0.01317 0.0132 0.0167 0.01434 130,648.55 Badeso Boru 0 1.24459 0.01229 0.0123 0.0083 0.01097 99,989.64 2 ATJK Korme Bujure Gamadii 3 ATJK Desta Abijata Tonnea Ankushaa 6 1.06475 0.01052 0.0105 0.0083 0.00979 89,199.42 Muddee Wsee 6 1.05105 0.01038 0.0104 0.0167 0.01248 113,691.83 4 ATJK Desta Abijata Chankso Birmajjii Lalima 5 0.6376 0.00630 0.0063 0.0083 0.00698 63,570.42 5 ATJK Desta Abijata Moke 6 ATJK Desta Abijata Abbunii Doonii Dori 5 0.54645 0.00540 0.0054 0.0083 0.00638 58,101.42 Abbatee Ankushee 5 0.945 0.00933 0.0093 0.0083 0.00900 82,014.42 7 ATJK Desta Abijata Name Guyyee Seera 3 2.3667 0.02337 0.0234 0.0167 0.02114 192,630.83 8 ATJK Desta Abijata Wayiso 9 ATJK Desta Abijata Bakade bonte Edo 9 2.0866219 0.02061 0.0206 0.0083 0.01652 150,511.73 10 ATJK Desta Abijata Jaaldo Qabato Dinsa 1 2.1174 0.02091 0.0209 0.0083 0.01672 152,358.42 Hantole Mashasha 3 1.0664 0.01053 0.0105 0.0167 0.01258 114,612.83 11 ATJK Desta Abijata bonte 12 ATJK Desta Abijata ukuule useena geda 1 0.5 0.00494 0.0049 0.0167 0.00885 80,628.83 13 ATJK Desta Abijata alubii garee yayee 5 0.38 0.00375 0.0038 0.0167 0.00806 73,428.83 14 ATJK Desta Abijata Buja boka edamo 4 0.5 0.00494 0.0049 0.0083 0.00607 55,314.42 15 ATJK Desta Abijata Dule Gari Yeiye 6 0.2399 0.00237 0.0024 0.0083 0.00436 39,708.42 Arsi 2 0.57995 0.00573 0.0057 0.0083 0.00660 60,111.42 Negel Daka Hora Kamal Wotich 16 e Kello doze Arsi 7 0.4 0.00395 0.0040 0.0083 0.00541 49,314.42 Negel Daka Hora 17 e Kello Jemjebo korma lake Arsi 2 1.905 0.01881 0.0188 0.0083 0.01532 139,614.42 Negel Daka Hora 18 e Kello Aliyi Bedada Dima Azimach Abishu 7 2.2663 0.02238 0.0224 0.0167 0.02048 186,606.83 19 ATJK Desta Abijata Megeroo Hantute Demu 1 1.1786 0.01164 0.0116 0.0167 0.01332 121,344.83 20 ATJK Desta Abijata Shuke . .. 89 ATJK Anano Shisho Ararso shufi Shanku 2 0.471096 0.00465 0.0047 0.0167 0.00866 78,894.59 Total 101.25766 1.0 1 1 1 9,113,189 Source: Survey result and Annex 2 (sheet 2.8) 88 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 5.7 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING a) TARGET GROUPS TRAINING NEEDS The LRP implementation involves different stakeholders, and training capacity building will be required at two major level, 1) Woreda and kebele implementing sectors and 2) PAHHs and youths. In order to ensure quality and the training should be in order of sequence, separate training session for implementing body and PAPs. First, train the implementing sector/stakeholders as trainers of trainer to cascade down to the PAHHs. The two training session, 1) stakeholders and 2) PAHs and youth groups can attend in one training session. b) Capacity building for stakeholders It was realized that, stakeholders consulted have less understanding on the issues of livelihood restoration plan and less awareness on land policy, land expropriation and the national and regional proclamation on land and related issues. The aim and essence of livelihood restoration objectives, implementation and strategies should be tailored and internalized among implementing stakeholders and experts. Thus, invite well trained and experienced staffs assigned from zone/woreda or other implementing unit that helps to develop the skills of existing woreda sector office staff to effectively support the implementation of the LRP. Trained woreda staff will then mentor the kebele management and extension workers and the PAPs to cascade the LRP implementation. The trainings ought to be designed and provided for the sector offices in collaboration with zone/woreda sector office and project implementation team of experts. The training topic for sector is mainly on “LRP essence and objectives for sector office. The aim of the training is awareness raise session for management and experts drawn from woreda administration and sector office. The training participants will be concerned woreda stakeholders management and technical frontline experts in line with proposed livelihood package. The stakeholder training participants/trainees are those influence and political commitment for decision making and those in line with proposed livelihood package and stakeholders training participants are most likely to be drawn from the following sectors. Sector office and number of training participants Number of No Sector office training participants experts/Trainees/Participants 1  Woreda administration 2 2  Town administration 2 3  Woreda Agriculture office 2 4 Livestock and fishery development office 2 5 Woreda Water resources and irrigation development office 2 6 Woreda cooperatives promotion office 1 7 Woreda micro enterprise 1 Total 12 NB: The number of participant from sector office could be one or two depending on importance and priority for LRP and another additional sector office could be included as demanded. 89 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project The training topic for Woreda and kebele implementing staffs will be selective on the area demanding capacity building for implementation. The training for stakeholders mainly to develop understanding on the issues of livelihood restoration plan and awareness on land policy, land expropriation and the national and regional proclamation on land and related issues. Trainers The trainers at woreda level are higher level and experienced mix of discipline in agriculture and non- agriculture. The trainers will be invited depending on the type of livelihood and the trainers will come and invited from own sources and other sector office demanding special trainers type. The trainers include independent LRP implementation consultant, and woreda agriculture office, livestock and fishery, TVET and micro enterprise development and other may be invited as required. In order to encourage and ensure trainers full engagement, trainers incentives will be provided that encourage trainers participation. The independent consultant will decide trainers, invite trainers and coordinate the training. The woreda expert who trained will train and coach kebele level LRP stakeholders. The training will be cascade down to kebele level and all development participants mainly kebele cabinets, kebele management structures including development agent .who will play key role in the implementation of the restoration enterprise will be trained. c) CAPACITY BUILDING FOR PAHHs AND YOUTHS In order to achieve the proposed livelihood restoration plan and objectives, training and capacity building in management, technical and financial management is highly important and critical to establish sustainable livelihood restoration. Accordingly, based on consultation, interview and queries with PAPs, identified PAPs training gaps and needs and deduced knowledge capacity required line with the proposed package of activities that requires practical training to achieve the objectives and targets of the LRP. The PAPs training needs also suggested in discussion with woreda sector offices stakeholders during discussions. As to the key informant respondents, there was lack of training and awareness in the previous compensation fund disbursement and indicated training and capacity building as paramount important for the LRP. Thus, different training session expected for different groups at different level, depending on the type of livelihood package and type trainees and training participants. Training target groups: The Ziway-Arsi Negele road section impact traversers rural kebeles and there is no link road, and the road section impact is land based as a whole and non-land livelihood affected is not recorded in the survey findings and also as confirmed though consultation. Including the vulnerable, the land based eligible for land loss greater than 20% are 437 PAPs. However, the vulnerable (89 PAPs) are unable to work and provided as direct social support. Therefore, excluding the VGs, the training participants for the livelihood 90 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project activity package will be for 348PAPs for the land based livelihood affected PAPs who are expected training participants for the livelihood packages of activities. . In addition, youth family members of PAPs will also provide training capacity building together with PAPs with the objective to assist their PAHHs and initiate them to start their own business toward self- support. Thus, in addition to 348PAPs, a total 118 unemployed youths will participate the training capacity building under the land based impacted PAPs group. The key areas of training identified in the line with their livelihood activity package and includes :  Awareness creation on essence of livelihood restoration and strategies  Agricultural input and extension services for increased production and productivity  Livestock management training (for both dairy production and animal fattening),  Financial literacy and money management training for efficient financial use and management (practice credit & saving strategy and financial planning at the household level).  Business skill alternative income generating activities, linkage to market and financial institutions.  In general, training and capacity is proposed for PAHHs and their youths. Awareness on financial concept and essence of livelihood restoration and financial management is a pre- condition before fund disbursement. d) Quality of the training In order to ensure quality of the training, the focus should be result oriented training, experienced staffs to be assigned from zone/worerda and other institutions that helps to develop the skills of existing woreda and kebele sector office staff to effectively support the implementation of the LRP. The training should be in separate groups and number of participants should be limited and manageable below 50 participants in one training session. In order to ensure quality of the training, divide the training session for groups of PAPs and for cost effectiveness suggest using available woreda or kebele resource mainly meeting hall. The refreshment and transport cost for training participants included in the LRP budget. The training place preferably if arranged in center of the kebele appropriate to accommodate trainees from two or more kebele in one place. Refreshment and perdiem/ incentives expected to encourage training participation and included in the training cost. e) Trainers and responsible partners Woreda stakeholders Trainers; Majority of the livelihood package is agriculture related activities and agriculture sector is important stakeholder sector to recruit trainers. The training schedule is for 91 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project short term and technical and vocation education Training (TVET) may give short day skill training for PAPs as may be appropriate . In general, the woreda sector office, TVET and .micro enterprise development as well as independent LRP implementation unit also involve in training for stakeholders. In order to meet quality and result oriented training capacity building, well trained and experienced staffs may also invite from other institutions that helps to develop the skills of existing woreda sector office staff to effectively support the implementation of the LRP. Trained woreda sector staff will then mentor the kebele management and extension workers and the PAPs to cascade the LRP implementation. Trainers at kebele level: The woreda expert who trained at woreda level will train and coach kebele level training for kebele management, Development agents and PAPs. The training will be cascade down to kebele level and all development participants mainly kebele cabinets, kebele management structures including development agent .who will play key role in the implementation of the restoration enterprise will be trained and assist PAPs in their livelihood restoration effort. f) Training time schedule The LRP essence and objectives for sector office staffs will be provided at the beginning as training of trainers. The trained woreda sector office assist and develop awareness on LRP for PAPs and their youths to understand the basic essence and objectives of LRP and self-support livelihood scheme development. Awareness on financial concept and essence of livelihood restoration and financial management is a pre-condition before fund disbursement. As planned in the LRP implementation schedule, if the LRP get approval in January 2022, then after two month for budget secure and preparatory time, and training for stakeholders can start early March 2022 and followed by training for PAPs in same month. g) Training and capacity building Cost Training will be given for woreda and kebele implementing stakeholder stakeholders and the Pap's and youths. The number of youths total 118 that indicated under training section Table 28 which identified based on age and unemployed youths. Accordingly, youth age above 18 years in each PAPs will be invited to participate for the training and PAPs are reference point to locate the youths. The training cost and budget break down planned to be cost effective and use available woreda and kebele meeting place. The woreda stakeholders training to be made in woreda meeting hall or other appropriate woreda sector office meeting hall. The PAPs training place preferably can be arranged in center of the kebele 92 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project appropriate to accommodate trainees from two or more kebele in one place. In order to encourage training participation refreshment and transport cost is required and included in the training budget. The training cost includes budget for trainers and training participants. Accordingly, the total training cost required for training participants will be birr 752,200. The trainers cost estimated based on total training man days required and total number of days and unit cost per day. Accordingly, training requires total 22 training man days input for 18 training days and 650 birr/day, and the total trainers cost is birr 257,400.00 The total training cost including trainers fee and training participants estimated to birr 1,009,600. The sector office to participate identified based on their role in implementation of the LRP that are listed in preceding section that includes (Agriculture office, Livestock & fish development office; water resource and irrigation development, cooperatives promotion office, etc.). The training and capacity building budget breakdown is as indicated in table below. 93 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Table 28: Summary of training cost Trainees/Partici Other cost pants (Stationer # y Total Tr Transport Total N refreshme Types of training Trainee #Trainers ain Cost/Traine cost/traine Total cost o PAP nt and Youth s Da es es s other) ys Birr/traine es Awareness raises training session for 1 Sector office LRP essence and objectives for sector 12 - 12 2 2 300 250 550 6,600.00 office staffs (2 expert from six sector office 2 PAPs Startup training (Concept and essence of 348 118 466 4 2 200 200 400 372,800.00 Livelihood restoration plan Technical/Entrepreneurship/skill dev’t  Agriculture input support 154 52 206 4 2 200 200 400 164,800.00 Irrigation & pump operation and Irrigated 30 10 40 2 2 200 200 400 32,000.00 crop production  Dairy farming management 48 16 64 2 2 200 200 400 51,200.00  Livestock fattening 55 19 74 2 2 200 200 400 59,200.00  Grain Marketing 20 7 27 2 2 200 200 400 21,600.00 Fruits and vegetable 20 7 27 2 2 200 200 400 21,600.00 Local transport 21 7 28 2 2 200 200 400 22,400.00 sub total cost for training participants 752,200.00 Trainers perdiem and training fees 22 18 400 250 650 257,400.00 Total 1,009,600.00 Source: Census survey, November 2020 94 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 5.8 LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PLAN BUDGET SUMMARY The Lot 3 road section project has no road link with town areas and the project impacts affected land based economic livelihood and non-land livelihood less likely affected. Therefore, the LRP budget allocated for the land based affected PAPs and vulnerable groups, training and capacity building; independent consultant LRP implementation cost, assistant community development expert, internal monitoring and evaluation cost and external post audit cost. The PAPs livelihood needs identified first livelihood needs and second livelihood needs as alternative options for the livelihood alternatives. Option I Based on PAPs first choice (Option I), the total LRP cost for LOT3 of Ziway-Arsi Negele road section estimated to birr 52,142,638. The second column is total independent family members to benefit from the livelihood schemes. The numbers of youths total 118 that indicated (table 28) which identified based on age greater than 18 years and unemployed youths. Accordingly, the number of youth in each PAPs collected, and PAPs are reference point to locate the youths. The budget summery is given in the following table and detail in Annex 2 (Excel Sheet 2.12) Table 29: Summary of the LRP Budget (Option 1) No. of PAHs & their members (Option 1) Economic Sector/Livelihood activity Budget Family PAPs No members 1 Agriculture Related Activities Farm (Agriculture inputs) for PAPs 154 592 15,428,400 Irrigation farm 30 100 3,162,338 Fattening project enterprise 55 222 6,152,225 Dairy farm inputs 48 190 4,946,275 Sub total 287 1104 29,689,238 2 Non-Agriculture Related Activities Fruit and vegetables market 20 93 1,451,000 Grain trade market 20 76 1,472,400 Local transport service 21 92 1,508,850 sub Total 61 261 4,432,250 Total 348 1365 34,121,488 3 Vulnerable groups 89 9,113,189 4 Training and capacity building (348PAPs & 118 Youths) 348 118 1,009,600 Assistance for group/cooperative 1,607,601 Independent consultant and other cost (5%) 2,292,594 Community organization and management (1%) 481,445 Woreda implementation committee and GRM (2%) 972,518 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation (1.5%) (ERA & Woreda) 743,977 Midterm evaluation (1%) 503,424 Post implementation Audit 1,296,803 Total 52,142,638 Source: Census survey, November 2020, Annex 2 (sheet 2.10) 95 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Option II As indicated in preceding section, the PAPs livelihood needs identified under two scenarios/options for the livelihood alternatives. Based on PAPs second choice (Option II), the total LRP cost 52,511,868 including budget for land based affected PAPs as well as vulnerable groups support and all other implementation cost for independent consultant cost, training capacity building, cost ; internal monitoring cost; midterm evaluation and post implementation audit cost. The budget summery is given in the following table and detail in Annex 2 (Excel Sheet 2.12). Table 30: Summary of the LRP Budget (Option 2) No. of PAHs & their Economic Sector/Livelihood activity members (Option 2) Budget PAPs Family Agriculture Related Activities Farm (Agriculture inputs) for PAPs 116 510 11,621,392 Irrigation farm 35 92 3,689,394 Fattening project enterprise 92 180 10,290,995 Dairy farm inputs 48 204 4,946,275 Sub total 291 30,103,025 Non-Agriculture Related Activities Fruit and vegetables market 25 32 1,813,750 Grain trade market 16 65 1,177,920 Local transport service 16 68 1,149,600 sub Total 57 4,141,611 Total 348 34,244,635 Vulnerable groups 89 9,113,189 Training and capacity building (348PAPs & 118 Youths) 466 1,009,600 Promotion for group/cooperative livelihoods 1,607,601 Independent consultant and other cost (5%) 2,298,751 Community organization and management (1%) 482,738 Woreda implementation committee and GRM (2%) 975,130 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation cost (1.5%) 745,975 Midterm evaluation (1%) 504,776 Post implementation Audit (3%) 1,529,472 Total 52,511,868 Based on the alternative analysis between option I and Option II, PAPs first preference needs most likely to be on the interest of the PAPs for their livelihood restoration and also the budget slightly lower and hence Option I align PAPs first and priority livelihood need and found preferred option for LRP implementation. 96 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 5.9 SOURCE OF FINANCE It is anticipated option I is the first priority of PAPs and preferred for implementing. The overall financial requirement for the livelihood restoration plan including training and capacity building, part of the operational expenses is about 52,142,638. Finance is an indispensable for implementation and successful realization of the target of the Restoration plan. ERA is the responsible for budget allocation and financing the LRP. Development and Implementation of Livelihood Restoration needs securing adequate fund for implementation that needs coordinated effort at all level. To this end, different alternative sources of finance have to be searched to cover LRP implementation cost. a) ERA and Government Budget The LRP budget is entirely covered by government of Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Road authority as Government entity should plan budget allocation to cover a significant amount of the budget in consultation with budget holder ministry as well as prime minister social and economic affairs and other concerned government body. We propose immediate establishment of fund mobilization team lead under Prime Minister Office of economic and social affairs and ERA should play facilitation role. 97 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 6. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 6.1 Implementation and Management The effective and successful implementation of the LRP ultimately depends upon workable institutional and organizational arrangements made for its implementation. The federal government expected to allocate budget and regional government structure provide assistance and oversee implementation of the LRP as required with minor roles. Whereas the major implementing organ and implementation mechanism preferably undertaken are within the existing project structure. Thus, ERA and woreda government structure are the major implementing organs with roles and responsibilities. Based on the existing project structure ERA is the main responsible body provide assistance and oversee the overall implementation of the LRP. However, implementation of LRP requires the participation of several institutions at different levels. The LRP is to be mainly implemented by ERA with close coordination of other key stakeholders that includes.  Ethiopian Road Authority  Woreda Administrations  Town Administrations  Kebele Administrations  Woreda sector office  PAPs representatives From the woreda sector office, the major responsible sectors to support implementation of the LRP include trade and Industry development; Market Development; Agriculture and Natural Resource; Livestock and fishery; Micro enterprise development; Job Creation and Food Security Office; Cooperative Promotion Offices, respective town administrations and their sector office and others. 6.2 Ethiopian Road Authority Ethiopian road Authority is the major implementing body and responsible for right of ways, compensation and also LRP management. Therefore, ERA in consultation with other council of minister or concerned line minster mobilize and allocate the budget required for implementation of the LRP. The expressway and special project contract administration directorate is responsible and mandate of contract administration of the expressway and special projects of the country. This directorate is responsible in budget securing, financial resource mobilization and other support. Ethiopian road authority (ERA) is responsible for budget allocation, recruit and assign an independent implementation consultant. The LRP will be implemented by the government structure through displaced people rehabilitation office whose functioning and effective institutional framework is the proper rehabilitation implementation, monitoring of the displaced peoples. Based on ERA organizational 98 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project structure the Environment, Social and Occupational Health and Safety Management Directorate directly responsible for social and environment management. These directorates are responsible in coordinating the study and coaching implementation, internal monitor and evaluation of the LRP. There are other stakeholders and partners with ERA to assist and facilitate the LRP implementation process. 6.3 World Bank and other donor institutions The World Bank expected to provide technical support in development and implementation of livelihood restoration plan and involve in review and technical advice and follow up the process as appropriate. 6.4 Independent LRP Implementation consultant ERA and woreda structures are the major players and guiding role who are responsible to coordinate and mobilize woreda level structures. They are responsible to establish woreda LRP coordination & Implementation main committee. The independent implementation consultant plays the lead role in coordinating woreda and kebele level structure. The independent consultant will deploy the required manpower for the LRP implementation. One community organization and management expert will be assigned for each woreda who mobilize and organize PAPs group and works under the supervision of the independent consultant. The scope of task is part of implementation and giving separate task for other independent expert may create gaps and conflict and preferable to be assigned under the independent implementation unit who takes responsibility and accountability for implementation. The livelihood activities engagement modalities could be individual, or group based and there is a need to support in organizing and management of PAPs in group who prefer to establish group based livelihood. Therefore, in addition to the independent consultant, organization and management exert is required who organize PAPs group and assist PAPs for some period of minimum six months though mentoring and coach PAPs to share benefit according to their budget share and minimize conflict based on mutual consent between PAPs groups. One organization and management expert will be assigned for each woreda who mobilize and organize PAPs group and works under the supervision of the independent consultant. This task is part of LRP implementation and the budget for the expert included with Independent consultant to be hired by the independent consultant for LRP Implementation 99 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 6.5 Woreda LRP coordination & Implementation main committee In general, ERA, woreda and kebele level government structures are the major stakeholders for implementation of livelihood restoration measures. The woreda LRP coordination and Implementation Committee will be draw from woreda administration and woreda sector office and have the responsibility to establish subcommittee (woreda technical committee) and oversee the delivery of inputs for PAPs and livelihood restoration planning, implementation, monitoring and funding and represents all the sectors responsible for facilitating the LRP implementation. Key Roles and Responsibilities of the woreda LRP Implementation Committee includes:  Coordinate woreda sector office and resources  Overseeing ethics, compliance and governance issues and ensuring that the livelihood restoration process is managed fairly and transparently and is free of corruption and discrimination.  Ensuring alignment of livelihood restoration plan with LRP plan.  Providing an advisory role, which includes resolving internal and external livelihood restoration issues, monitoring the budget.  Reviewing monitoring report provided by the woreda and kebele subcommittee like Procurement committee ensuring that livelihood input is provided to PAPs as per the budget and issues are addressed in an efficient and effective manner.  Work closely with grievance redress subcommittee in accepting, investigating and addressing grievances and complaints of PAHs to ensure that the livelihood restoration process is managed fairly and transparently and is free of corruption and discrimination; and and  Responding to implementation problems identified in internal and external monitoring reports. The woreda LRP Implementation and coordination Committee will meet once every months and evaluate the status of LRP implementation and any other issues that may arises in the due course. The meeting place will be either the Woreda administration office or any location as may be appropriate for committee members. 6.6 Woreda LRP Implementation Technical team The woreda LRP coordination and implementation main committee may establish other subcommittee at woreda level, mainly woreda LRP Implementation Technical team who is responsible for technical management of LRP implementation. The existing woreda Grievance Committee will oversee and amicably solve for any grievance that may arises in the process. 6.7 Community Organization and Management Experts The independent consultant will assign one organization and management expert for each woreda who mobilize and organize PAPs group in each kebele and works under the supervision of the independent 100 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project consultant. His role is to support in organizing and management of PAPs in group who prefer to establish group based livelihood and also assist the independent consultant and woreda technical teams. Therefore, in addition to the independent consultant, organization and management exert is required who organize PAPs group and assist PAPs for some period of minimum six months though mentoring and coach PAPs to share benefit according to their budget share and minimize conflict based on mutual consent between PAPs groups and facilitate LRP implementation process. Thus, the independent consultant will deploy one organization and management expert for each woreda who mobilize and organize PAPs group and works under the supervision of the independent consultant. This task is part of LRP implementation and the budget for the expert included with Independent consultant to be hired by the independent consultant for LRP Implementation. 6.7.1 Fund Transfer and Management The fund transfer preferably through the existing project structures for ease of management. The LRP fund should reach the PAPs as per the plan proposal and the fund transfer should not be complicated and should not be open for embezzlement. The budget transfer through procurement committee and then distribute the materials for PAPs will have major drawbacks complex, long process, delay due to bureaucratic system and delay of budget to reach the target in need and further in the long process of procurement fund embezzlement and less likely to reach the PAPs on time to restore for their livelihood. Therefore, livelihood fund management is preferably through existing project structures. The budget is allocated through ERA who is authorized body for budget holding and transfer to the beneficiary. The allocated budget should be used for the proposed livelihood activities that needs to ensure utilization of the budget for the intended livelihood purpose. According to PAPs, if training and awareness given each PAPs can take responsibility and prefer the livelihood budget to transfer to their joint account of husband and wife. They were hectic to bureaucratic structures and preferred direct transfer of their livelihood budget and they are willing to sign commitment to allocate the budget received for the intended livelihood purpose. They are precondition to access livelihood restoration budget 1) Participation in training and 2) signed commitment for use of the fund for the intended livelihood purpose, to ensure allocation of the budget for the intended uses, 3) Group collateral signed between PAPs who know each other and takes responsibility for one another. i.e., PAPs controls one other for utilization of the LRP budget and vis-versa that expected to operate as planed livelihood schemes and realize sustainable livelihood. The PAPs take responsibility in procurement of livelihood inputs and implementation of his/her livelihood schemes that expected to reduce complain and 101 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project grievance that may arise in budget transfer and procurement process. The overall LRP implementation, reporting and organizational arrangement is indicated in the following organizational flow chart. 102 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Figure 7: LRP Implementation Organizational Structures ETHIOPIAN ROAD AUTHORITY Independent Implementation unit Woreda LRP coordination & Woreda institutions Woreda administration and Implementation main (Micro enterprises, woreda sector office committee TVET,etc) Woreda LRP Implementation Technical team Woreda level Community Organization and management expert Woreda Grievance committee PAPs/Kebele PAPs/Kebele PAPs/Kebele PAPs/Kebele PAPs/Kebele Livelihood Livelihood Livelihood Livelihood Livelihood schemes schemes schemes schemes schemes Livelihood Livelihood schemes Livelihood Livelihood Livelihood schemes schemes schemes schemes PAPs AND STAKE HOLDERS TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING External Independent Audit 103 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 6.7.2 Woreda grievance committee The LRP implementation is complex and challenging in many aspects. In case of LOT 3 the scenario to establish new or strengthen existing GRM was analyzed from different point. The GRM should be cost effective, feasible, accessible and manageable. The LOT 3 project is under construction and although existing GRC with some limitation, in terms of working experience and knowledge, it still help rather than establish new GRM structures. Therefore, considering the project capacity and resources, (human and financial) to operate two sets of GRM in one Project, strengthen existing GRM that share also experience and knowledge for the LRP implementation. Hence, along with inclusion of some important players who have expertise in the LRP activities sound preferred option for LOT 3 project. The GRM and GRC should be strengthened with important players and women to be represented in the committee to reflect women interest and the composition of the GRC preferably at least two women and four male in the GRC. The GRC is to ensure PAPs have avenues for redressing grievances related to any aspect of livelihood restoration plan and implementation. In the case of conflict or disputes related to LRP, any issues are to be submitted in the form of an application to the kebele administration or Kebele GRC and then choose two elders each for arbitration and try to solve problems amicably. If problem not solved pass the case to the woreda GRC for the final decision of the grievance. 6.7.3 Kebele level sub committee The existing kebele level committee from kebele administrative structure, extension workers and elders and PAPs groups assist LRP implementation at kebele level. The kebele committee consists kebele chair; kebele manager; kebele development agents; kebele elders/opinion leaders groups, PAPs and others. The committee will organize public meeting and confirm eligible PAPs and support in providing relevant information and coordinating the implementation of the LRP. The major works of kebele level technical committee includes validation of eligible PAPs, mobilize PAPs for livelihood restoration plan awareness and implementation, arrange meeting place and local resources for training of the PAPs, provide management assistance implementation, help in selection and getting of appropriate working places, support in establishing livelihood restoration enterprise, involve GRM, monitoring and evaluation activities. Moreover, they will assist and coach PAPs in selecting, purchasing and transporting the types of inputs required for undertaking their livelihood schemes to provide assistance to vulnerable PAPs and women groups and others. 104 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 6.7.4 Grievance Redresses Mechanism and Procedure Grievance related to LRP needs procedures for redress of grievances at each stage of the implementation process. The grievance procedure enable to respond to the complaints of the PAPs efficiently, easily accessible, transparent and fair and to avoid the need to resort to complicated formal channels to redress grievances. The grievance redress mechanism should be easy and workable with its own working procedure. To this end, existing grievance redress (GRM) committees have to be strengthened at woredas and kebeles. The PAPs present their grievance to first contact point, kebele Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) and then to woreda GRC. Ethiopia Road Authority (ERA) Woreda GRC Kebele GRC PAPs The existing grievance redress mechanism (GRM) should be used to respond to project-related grievances in an efficient and effective manner. As per OP 4.12 of the WB, GRM should be accessible and appropriate to bring about remedial measures for complaints. Appropriateness and accessibility signifies the need to have a workable GRM arrangement tailored to local context. Trainings will be been given for GRC; and a focal person is to be designated as a frontline contact to entertain grievances. The woreda LRP Woreda LRP coordination & Implementation main committee collect grievances weekly or monthly and discuss with the woreda grievance committee and others relevant stakeholders for possible redressing of complaints that may arises. 6.7.5 External Independent audit The post audit as external evaluation will be undertaken by an independent party and his role and responsibility to evaluate the overall success of livelihoods restoration plan and objectives; determine 105 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project whether the process successfully restored and assure achievement of the LRP objectives, draw learning lessons and recommendation for scale in future LRP planning. Roles and Responsibility matrix Identifying key role of proposed institutional arrangement at the organizational and local level is important for responsibility share and commitment to assist the displaced or affected PAPs in their effort to restore and improve their livelihoods. The organizational and reporting hierarchy indicated in preceding organizational chart and summary of stake holders roles and responsibility indicated in the following table. Stakeholder and responsibility share No Stakeholder Roles and Responsibility 1 Ethiopian Road Authority(ERA) and other Budget allocation and overall management directorates Assign independent implementing unit 2 ERA Express way road management Assign independent implementing unit 3 ERA (ESSMD/Environment, safeguard and Coordinate LRP implementation management, M & E social management) Directorate 4 Independent LRP implementation Coordinate over all implementation of the LRP 5 Community organization and management The independent consultant is accountable and responsible for expert independent LRP implementation consultant. The Independent consultant is required to hire the required manpower for LRP implementation and the budget required for community development expert included in the LRP budget. 7 Federal Government Allocate budget and provide assistance and oversee the LRP implementation process 8 Region and zone structures Provide assistance and oversee the LRP Implementation 9 Woreda administration Instruct Woreda sector office to support LRP Oversee woreda level LRP implementation and Provide management decision on major issues 10 Woreda LRP coordination & Implementation Provide political and decision making at woreda level main committee 11 Woreda LRP Implementation Technical team Technical assistance at woreda level 12 Woreda agriculture, livestock and fishery Assist the PAHs in providing advice for selecting the type of breeds, and other sector office purchase of inputs, construction of dairy farming and fattening sheds and associated establishments, feed supply, veterinary services and sanitation 13 Woreda Cooperatives Organize PAPs in group & associations as required ;Establish as cooperative group and give certification; Link PAHs with credit providing institutions (MFIs) and cooperatives to access loans 14 Woreda TVET Provide technical skills training and mentorship mainly on livelihood demanding technical skills, but in case of LOT3 majority of the LRP package are non-technical and less likely to involve TVET 15 Town administration Assist non land livelihood activities in road link in provide working place Provide business center/market shed place for non-land livelihood activities 15 Labour and social affairs Provision of direct cash support and linkage to social security services (vulnerable groups) 16 ERA and partners ( M & E) Follow up of the implementation and provision of technical support/advice as appropriate Monitoring and Evaluation of the LRP Implementation 17 External independent Audit Evaluate the overall success of livelihoods restoration plan 7. LRP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE In principle livelihood restoration will have two distinct phases, i.e., Planning and Implementation. 106 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project The time schedule to complete the implementation for the livelihood Restoration Intervention is planned to complete within 12 month period. The project affected people (PAPs), woreda administration and stakeholders’ sector office appreciate the effort being undergoing for livelihood restoration plan. The project affected peoples raises their livelihood restoration in place as outstanding issues and urged fast implementation of the LRP. After approval of the LRP document, training PAPs and GRC continues and the time schedule to complete the physical implementation of the livelihood Restoration Intervention is expected to complete within 12 month periods. Accordingly, if the LRP documents get approval in January 2021 and budget secured March 2022, the implementation of the LRP can start April 2022 and complete April 2023. The external independent audit will be conducted after six month of LRP implementation completed and the overall implementation schedule indicated in chart that follows. 107 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Figure 8: Time schedule and Activities to implement LRP Oct 2022 2023 2023 J J A S O N D J F M A No Major activities J F M A M Completion and Approval of Need assessment 1) and LRP document 2) Secure budget and preparatory time Initial Training for stakeholders and experts and 3) LRP implementation committee Refresh Stakeholders Consultation and establish 4) LRP Implementation Committee Training and Capacity Building for PAPs & 5) Form GRC Organization of PAPs in groups of LRP or 6) cooperatives 7) Preparation of Working Center 8) Transfer budget and LRP Investment Fund 9) GRM and Monitoring Procurement of Input and Commissioning of the 10) enterprise 11) PAPs starts Livelihood activities 12) Technical support, Market linkage & coach 13) Follow up, internal M & E 14) External Independent Audit 108 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project There should be clear understanding between livelihood restoration plan and livelihoods implementation stages. The LRP is the planning stage mainly to identify eligible PAPs and business opportunity and plan modalities of assistance required toward livelihood restoration for the PAPs as general framework. The Livelihood implementation is expected to be executed based on the LRP documents to be undertaken by an independent implementing unit to be assigned by ERA that coordinate the overall implementation process. The implementation is not left to the independent unit and involve other stakeholders including woreda and kebele structures and also needs to establish livelihood implementation team and woreda grievance redress committee and also kebele level GRC as may be required. . 8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 10.1 General It is important to monitor LRP implementation progress and evaluate and measures achievement status of intended LRP objectives, i.e., project-affected people have had their livelihoods restored and in place to levels prior to project or improved level. Toward this end, monitoring and evaluation (M &E) procedures and system is required to readily identify problems and successes as early as possible. Monitoring involves period checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to the plan. It provides the feedback necessary for the project management to keep the performance on schedule. By contrast, evaluation is essentially a summing up, the end of the project assessment of whether those activities actually achieved their intended objectives. 10.2 Purpose of Monitoring The purpose of monitoring is to provide project management, and directly project affected persons with timely, concise, indicative information on whether the measures are on track to achieve sustainable restoration and improvement in the welfare of the affected people, or that adjustments are needed. The livelihood restoration will be implemented by an independent unit and also the LRP implementation will be audited by an independent body after completion. With this understanding Monitoring and evaluation have to be conducted at each stage of the implementation process for a dual purpose: (a) to optimize implementation of LRP, and (b) to document major result indicator and success to meet intended objectives. The implementation of LRP, deserves intensive monitoring and follow-up mechanisms and efforts as well as systematic evaluation to make the whole livelihood restoration efforts effective and successful by ERA and other stakeholders like World Bank. More specifically, the objectives of M & E for this LRP are to evaluate whether:  Actions and commitments described in the LRP are implemented fully and on time. 109 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Livelihood restoration measures are effective in enabling PAHHs to at least restore their livelihoods.  Grievances submitted by stakeholders are addressed and that the majority are resolved.  As necessary, changes in LRP procedures are made to respond to lessons learned i.e. that LRP management is adaptive to monitoring results.  Systematically assess the LRP implementation process. • Evaluate the overall success of LRP in achieving its intended objectives. • Determine whether the process successfully restored/ improved the living standards and livelihoods of the affected households. The monitoring of the implementation of LRP may be carried out by both internal and external responsible bodies. The result indicator is the main measure of LRP performance. To this end, internal performance monitoring, periodic implementation reviews, external impact assessment can be conducted based on basic M & E indicators; 10.3 Monitoring Plan The monitoring and evaluation process will be Participatory including all the stakeholders (PAP, Zonal, Woreda and Kebele administrations, and other concerned institutions). The independent consultant coordinate and guide the internal monitoring and the responsible will be drawn from environment and social management directorate of ERA and project implementation Partners including Woreda sector office and PAP representatives. • Evaluate PAPs’ socio-economic situation vs. a baseline situation • Assess and evaluate the LRP implementation status and suggest action for improvement. • All project activities are recorded, documented and maintained in a timely manner. • Ensure awareness, public information and public consultation are made in a timely manner The monitoring report by the woreda LRP technical Committee will be submitted to ERA and woreda LRP coordination and implementation main committee. 10.4 Types and stages of Monitoring The implementation of LRP commits investment resource and also means of poverty alleviation and deserves intensive monitoring and follow-up mechanisms and efforts as well as systematic evaluation to make the whole 110 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project livelihood restoration efforts effective and successful. Internal monitoring and evaluation activities will continue during implementation of the LRP and after implementation with the objective to ensure effective implementation of the LRP and achieve its intended objectives. The type of evaluation depend on the type and nature of the project which commonly include Internal, Interim and External evaluation. For this particular Project, Interim evaluation may not suggested due to short period project to complete in one year. Thus monitoring and evaluation of the LRP will be conducted in two stages  Internal and Monitoring evaluation to be carried by implementing body (ERA and sector office)  Midterm evaluation (Optional and conducted as may be required)  External evaluation/post implementation and completion audit to be undertaken by an independent body Developing effective and efficient monitoring and evaluation system is important management tool to direct and monitor implementation of the proposed livelihood activities. Monitoring and evaluation requires budget and the required cost allocated and included in the LRP budget. 10.4.1 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation The internal team will monitor both the performance and impact of the LRP, whereby performance monitoring measures physical progress against project milestones established in the LRP; while impact monitoring assesses the effects of the LRP. Periodic internal monitoring and evaluation help to ensure livelihood in place through full-scale implementation of the proposed activities. Therefore, close monitor is required and expected at all level. The main partner and responsible are ERA through environment, safeguard and social management directorate and Woreda level sector offices and kebele structures are all indispensable to realize the planned livelihood restoration businesses package as identified with PAPs groups. It would also need to evaluate the implementation, benefit, cost and sustainability. Internal and external monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are indicated as management tool to direct and monitor implementation of the proposed livelihood activities. Monitoring by itself requires budget and the required cost allocated and included in the LRP budget. With this understanding the detail management procedure and monitoring indicators and responsibility share are discussed and presented in the following section. INDICATORS AND LOG FRAME The baseline income and livelihood situation were discussed in preceding section, the mean average annual income decline by about 24.3% that resulted significant income/livelihood decline after the 111 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project project. In terms of food security, 68% of the PAPs used to eat 3 times a day before the project and the remaining 32% two or less meals per day. The actual progress will be measured against this baseline information and many other numerical indicators that discussed in this section. The LRP aims livelihood restoration or improvement and hence the M & E measure the extent or percent change income or livelihood changes. There are also other M & E indicators and some of the major indicators includes Number of livelihood enterprises planned and implemented; Number of PAPs started the proposed livelihood enterprise by gender; type & Number of LRP enterprises planned and actually established; Number of PAPs trained in business and technical aspects; Number of enterprises organized and got License and legal status; Number of constructed Working Centre for their enterprise; Amount of livelihood restoration Fund allocated and disbursed; Amount of Procurement of Input (cattle, shoats, poultry, , seed etc.) and raw material like fertilizer, feed, etc. The basic strategic objectives, key performance indicators, implementers or lead institutions, means of verification, timeframe and general assumption for the main indicators are presented in detail in the following log frame; 112 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Monitoring and Evaluation indicators (LOT3-Ziway-Arsi Negele Road section) project Description Verifiable indicators Responsible Source of Assumptions information for verification Strategic Objective of LRP PAPs livelihood and % change in income Post audit independent Survey LRP activities are income restored in place by consultant implemented 24.3% or improved Ensure Livelihood Number and proportion of ERA; woreda data Technical Monitoring PAPs and all restoration of 348 PAPs in PAHHs selected by gender Committee, GRC Assigned data sources stakeholders are place and engaged livelihood Independent consultant Progress committed to livelihood restoration activities as Reports implementation planned schedule Government and donor support attained; Resource Mobilization realized and Restoration plans implemented as planned Ensure Livelihood Number of farm based PAPs ERA; woreda data Technical Monitoring Government and donor Restoration of 287 disaggregated by gender for Committee, woreda sector data sources support attained; Agriculture/ Rural Based agriculture/crop production, office, GRC Assigned Progress Resource Mobilization PAHHs, livestock development, and Independent consultant Reports realized and Restoration other farm based enterprises, PAPs plans implemented as PAPs established livelihood planned sources? PAPs and all stakeholders are committed to livelihood implementation Ensure non agriculture Number of non-farm based ERA; woreda data; woreda Monitoring Resource Mobilization livelihood restoration for 61 PAPs//PAHHs disaggregate sector office Technical data sources realized and Restoration PAPs by sex for non-farm based Committee, GRC, Assigned Progress plans implemented as enterprises, Independent consultant Reports planned PAPs PAPs and all stakeholders are committed to livelihood implementation Ensure Livelihood social Number of Pap's vulnerable ERA; woreda data ; Technical Monitoring Budget allocated for support provided for 89 persons by age, gender Committee, woreda sector report social support Vulnerable groups received special support and office GRC Assigned initiate social welfare Independent consultant security system Identified Livelihood Number PAPs planned and ERA; woreda data ; Technical Job creation Pap's are active and activities implemented as implemented their proposed Committee, woreda sector data base of the willing to participate planned livelihood activities, office GRC Assigned project office agriculture and non- Independent consultant agriculture activities Micro enterprise development; Output Key indicators ✓ Progress and change in income and livelihood of PAPs ✓ % change in income ✓ Proposed agriculture and non-agriculture related ✓ # of livelihood business plans and achieved activities realized ✓ Individual PAPs livelihood business plan produced ✓ #PAPs engaged in both agricultural and non- agricultural livelihood activities; how livelihood activity is run satisfactory ✓ Initial capital grant planned for establishing livelihood ✓ # of PAPs received direct cash support activities ✓ ✓ PAPs receive required mentoring and extension ✓ # of PAPs received skills training, mentorship and service extension services, ✓ Vulnerable groups supported ✓ # of vulnerable groups supported ✓ Grievance addressed ✓ # of grievances received, resolved & grievances forwarded to upper levels 113 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Technical skills enhanced Simple quarterly reports ✓ # of PAPs household members received short term training ✓ # of training report, attendance report Follow up and management ✓ # of physical inspection of sites, start-up activity conducted Input ✓ Finance, ✓ Financial resource allocated as inputs for ✓ Human resource and implementation ✓ Trainings ✓ Independent consult & other HR assigned to ✓ PAPs commitment implement ✓ Mentoring , M & E ✓ ERA mobilized its resources and structures for implementation , M & E 10.4.2 Midterm evaluation Midterm evaluation may be undertaken depending on decision of ERA and other partners. The LRP implementation is to be completed in short time period of 12-15 months and Midterm, evaluation may not mandatory, optional and to be conducted as may be required. 10.4.3 External Independent Audit The post audit as external evaluation is mandatory requirement that will be undertaken by an independent body and the required budget is included in the LRP cost and to be allocated from government through ERA. The LRP implementation as well as M & E involves cost as indirect and overhead cost. With this understanding, the budget required for LRP implementation and post audit cost is included in the proposed budget. The objective of the external evaluation is to evaluate the overall success of livelihoods restoration plan and objectives; determine whether the process successfully restored and improved the living standards and livelihoods of the affected peoples and their families. The external and post audit can be made at two stage, mid-term audit and final completion audit. The midterm evaluation is to assess progress and challenges while implementing the LRP. whereas the final external monitoring and evaluation will take place after completion of the LRP within one year of the LRP implementation through the third party/independent consultant whether the livelihood restoration and rehabilitation implemented has brought the desired effect (improvement in the living standard of PAPs. Also, the audit will be conducted whether the outcome of the livelihood restoration operation complies with the livelihood restoration Policy of the World Bank, and the GoE legal requirement. Thus, after one year the expropriation has been completed and the LRP assistance to the PAPs has been made, then after an impact evaluation will be conducted to assess whether the PAPs 114 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project have improved their living conditions in relation with the baseline status established during the socioeconomic and livelihood need assessment. 115 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project REFERENCES  Detailed Livelihood Restoration and CSR Plan, February 2017  Development and Implementation Of Livelihood Restoration Plan for Ribb Dam and Reservoir PAPs, 2016  DFID , 2000 : Analytical frame work:  Enhancing capacity for enterprise and innovation: An investigation of the livelihood assets and strategies of rural youth in East Africa, Literature Review of Theoretical & Conceptual Issues Surrounding Youth, Youth Livelihoods & Sustainable Rural Development  FDRE Constitution; 1995  GOE: Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation; GOE 2005  GOE: Revised Cooperative Societies Establishment Proclamation No 220/2014  IFC, International Financial Corporation, creating market, creating opportunities, Draft Good practice handbook, Land acquisition and resettlement, Module 5  IFC: Handbook for Preparing a Resettlement Action Plan  Involuntary Resettlement And Sustainable Development Conceptual Framework, Reservoir Resettlement Policies, And Experience Of The Yudongxia Reservoir; ADB East Asia Working Paper Series, 2017  Land Access, Resettlement and Livelihood Restoration Management Plan – Production in Papua new Guinea 2013  Livelihood Restoration Plan (LRP) in Ghana, 2012  Livelihood Restoration Plan, Draft Final Report, Toronto, Canada March 21, 2017  Livelihoods research: some conceptual and methodological issues, Colin Murray, September 2001  RAP (Resettlement Action Plan Document, LOT3, Ziway-Arsi Negele section of Modjo- Hawassa highway road project, Up dated 2019  Review of Resettlement Policy Frame work ( RPF), ULGDP-WB 2007  Solomon Islands Government Land Acquisition and Livelihood Restoration Plan, May 2017  World Bank (2004): Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook  World Bank OP 4.12, revised 2013 - Involuntary Resettlement, Planning and implementation in development projects, 2004  FDRE, National Social Protection Policy, 2014 116 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Frank Vanclay (2017) Project-induced displacement and resettlement: from impoverishment risks to an opportunity for development?, Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 35:1, 3-21, DOI: 10.1080/14615517.2017.1278671; attps://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2017.1278671  https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/indicators/SI.POV.DDAY 117 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Annex 1: Summery of Consultation With Stakeholders and PAPs Annex 1.1 Consultations with Stakeholders During the survey consultation was conducted with woreda administration and woreda sector office and discussed on the road project and related impacts on the PAPs and option for their livelihood restorations. a) Arsi Negele Land Administration and land use The woreda land use reflected that, livelihood restoration is very important though considered late. Many of the PAPs have wasted their compensation money on different unplanned expenses. The office will work with these PAPs and with others that are not yet received compensation in order to restore them effectively. According to the woreda office awareness creation has been made during compensation on proper use of compensation fund and the same is to be done on restoration activities. There are PAPs who preferred to settle or planning to settle in woreda town. However, there was a challenge to allocate land for the individual requests due to scarcity of land in the town, but may be considered if organized in groups and also policy direction from the regional government. The office will collaborate and work together with the LRP implementation unit to resolve all these issues and other livelihood restoration interventions during implementation. b) Adami Tullu Jiddo Komblcha Woreda Land Administration and Land Use Office Rural Land Administration and Use office is the major stakeholder and implementer of the interventions of PAPs. During discussion the office said that, the livelihood restoration task does not have clear implementation strategies especially with regard to who to implement. There are people who will be displaced and also people who will not be displaced but lose their land and property partly. Adequate work is not done in relocating the people and the office will coordinate with the implementing partner and other stakeholders in planning and implementation of the livelihood restoration interventions. The office realized that; not all eligible persons are included whereas others who are not eligible also took compensation. There are also additional PAPs as a result of the continuing road construction underway. Moreover, those displaced and compensated have knowledge limitation of using the compensation money wisely. During the previous compensation, the compensation fund disbursement made without adequate awareness on the application and use of the fund. In response suggested to give orientation and train the beneficiaries in collaboration with other respective stakeholders. These people and their livelihood source threated by the road project for the public purpose and According to the proclamation PAPs provided replacement land with no cost and accordingly, suggested urban 118 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project land replacement for severely affected with no additional cost to PAPs. These people and national development, and should not worsened their livelihood system and suggested to allocate budget and policy direction to provide urban land for severely affected. c) Towns administration and Municipalities Towns municipalities of Batu/Ziway and Arsi-Negele are major stakeholders since some of the PAPs have preference need to settle and some of them already invested their compensation fund in accessing urban land in in these towns. Some of the PAPs expended their money on urban land mainly the so called illegal and town administration consider illegal and take action in some place. According to Batu town, these people are dislocated for development and should have been provided land in the town had there was organized effort to support them. There should have been organized system and higher level decision to provide land in the woreda town. They all underlined the need for Development and Implementation of Restoration Plan and have indicated their commitment and willingness to participate. In this respect, they are expected to issue land for business activities if organized in groups with policy direction from the region. They are willing to help in planning and, support of appropriate and profitable livelihood restoration activities, provide support solve related grievances that could be raised concerning problems in the towns, participate in organizing the people into associations, and related tasks. The town administration consulted have accepted their involvement on the above activities during planning and implementation of the livelihood plan and suggested coordinated effort at all level. d) Micro and small scale enterprise As discussed with woreda micro enterprise development, the sector is responsible in creating job opportunities focusing on youth and implemented many incomes generating business mainly in agriculture sector that includes irrigation, fishery and others. This sector also provides training and capacity building assistance and expected to share knowledge and capacity building for the proposed business enterprise for the PAPs affected due to the project. e) Credit and Saving Associations Availability of credit and saving contributes financial assistance and fill gaps for PAPs whose financial and economic livelihoods affected planning for livelihood venture to restore economic resources through undertaking profitable economic activities. In order to realize the LRP, option for financial source identified that may support direct support in loan or indirect support in 119 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project providing financial management technical support. In this respect, the Oromia Credit and Saving Institution operate in each of the tow woredas and participate in this program of livelihood restoration. The PAPs could be linked for financial loan from the institution both in group or individual basis. However, as information from the project area, these institutions used to give loan, but recently less in providing loan due to budget shortage and in planning to secure loan budget with change in approach and strategies. In general, Oromia credit and saving is potential partner identified to give technical support in training and formulation of business ideas to invest in profitable activities. f) TVET and Training Institutions As the survey data indicates and also confirmed in consultation from the PAPs, lack of awareness and training in compensation management was one of the constraints and majority reveals lacks of awareness and trainings. Being at the grass root level with PAPs, the agricultural extension service and involvement of Technique, Vocational and Enterprises Development Office of respective woredas is important in awareness creation, training, technical support, preference assessment, The TVET Offices of both Woredas have shown their willingness and promised to streamline planning and implementation of the livelihood restoration include in their own regular training program. In addition, Oromia state university located in Ziway town also contribute youth education and majority of youths have access to higher level education that contributes youth employment access in the proposed projects and other government sector office. g) Consultation with kebele Similar to the woreda structure concerned kebele Stakeholders were consulted including Kebele Administration offices; Project Affected Persons; Extension Workers of Agriculture. The kebele administrations where the PAPs have already been impacted are the potential stakeholders and consent for shared responsibility and responsible for organizing and mobilizing the PAPs, supporting and facilitating the implementation of the restoration Plan. They participated in mobilizing PAPs for meeting and engaged in the creation of awareness to PAHHs regarding the livelihood restoration aspects and continue their support through awareness received from the implementing stakeholders and the consultant. 120 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Annex 1.2 : Consultation Meeting With PAPs The consultation in each kebele shared similar opinion and as suggested to put in short as summery point, this section presents pin points and summery of the consultation. The need assessment for the livelihood restoration of Ziway-Ziway Arsi Negele road section of the Modjo-Hawassa was undertaken in November 2020. The consultation conducted in all kebeles and a total of 343 target project affected people, (252 Male and 91 female) were participated in all the kebeles. The number of participants provided in the following table and the full consultation minute and lists of attendants are attached in the Annex of this report) Figure 9: Consultation and Number of participants by kebele and sex Sex Total Kebele Male Female Total Daka H/Kello 16 7 23 Anano Shisho 14 6 20 Andola Chebi 16 5 21 Arba 12 5 17 Daka Harengema 20 4 24 Desta Abijata 27 10 37 G/J/Asebo 10 4 14 Gale fi Kello 15 7 22 Gubeta Arjo 7 3 10 H/ Gulenta Boke 19 9 28 Hadha Bosso 23 4 27 Hurufa Loole 13 5 18 Korme Bujure 17 4 21 Weyso Kenchera 18 6 24 Wolicho Boramo 25 12 37 Total 252 91 343 The majority of the points raised by the project affected people shared similar opinions. In general, the project affected peoples have expressed inadequate compensation and in all the kebeles consulted reflected their felt needs for the LRP and very positive towards the proposed livelihood restoration plan. 121 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Figure 10: Partial view of consultation in other kebeles In similar session, at least one public consultation conducted in each of the kebele and this document presents summary of the report conducted in respective kebeles. Agendas and points of discussion  Briefing about the road project and related impacts, compensation and uses/ application of fund and other related issues was discussed as learning for the LRP  Discussed land loss and project impacts and the way forward  How the anticipated positive and adverse impacts and proposed compensation and if any livelihood restoration effort for the PAPs  The attitude of the community towards their Livelihood restoration plan  Identify potential business and the requirement of PAPs participation for proposed business activities Figure 11: Consultation conducted with PAPs, Wolicho Boramou Kebele, Summary points from the consultation  Low compensation payment is the outstanding concerns as indicated in most of the project kebeles and stressed as majority remained poor and their livelihood at risk without effort for restoration of affected land and other livelihood and expressed their felt need for the LRP.  Participants PAPs complain low employment creation of the project and less for local unemployed youth in real sense and it should not remain only in promises and suggested their youth get job in the project. Regarding livelihood restoration opportunities, identified and suggested the following livelihood restoration activities;  Establishing union of PAPs groups as cooperatives in the area benefitting the members on various farm products including grains or livestock marketing 122 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project  Provision of local transport cart or other in groups to engage in tourism activities  Creating access to finance support for the project affected people, in order to enable them to borrow from banks using their land as collateral.  Shops, grain trade, fruits and vegetables, barber etc. for youth in the town area  Supports irrigation agriculture and provide motor pumps and other improved seeds.  They suggested youth to be trained and organized in their interest to work as youth and mentioned potential areas to engage the youth in economic activities included; irrigated agriculture, transport and local transport activities. Figure 12 Consultation at Gale Fi Kello Kebele Participants  Regarding need assessment for their livelihood reflected diverse interest. Some of them interested land based and requested land replacement if there is possibilities. Others suggested non land business like trading livestock, grain and others. The group said, poultry and livestock sector like fattening, animal production like goat and sheep rearing are ideal area of engaging youth in income generation activities. In general, the participants raised many issues mainly focusing on compensation and related problems and proposed LRP. The majority of the points raised by the project affected people shared similar opinions. In general, in all the kebeles consulted, the participant PAPs expressed the compensation paid is inadequate compared to rising living cost and their livelihood at risk and reflected their felt needs for the LRP and very positive and urged for implementation of the proposed livelihood restoration plan. 123 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Annex 4: Minute of Meeting 124 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 125 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 126 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 127 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 128 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 129 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 130 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 131 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 132 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 133 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 134 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 135 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 136 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 137 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 138 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 139 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 140 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 141 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 142 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project ANNEX 1: List of Key informants and Stakeholders Contacted No. Name Institution Position Phone contact 1 Jemal Adem Batu Woreda admm 0913369398 2 Mircha Abdella Arsi Negele woreda Head, Agriculture 0910039056 agriculture office office 3 Ahemed Kedir Arsi Negele livestock Head livestock and 0916111165 fishery 4 Indriyas Ibsa ATJK, woreda land use Head land use 0912684149 5 Maru Rorissa Batu town land plan 0910377303 6 Sorecha Kissu ATJK, Woreda land use Land use expert 0912239180 7 Kedir Hukubo ATJK, Labour & woreda 0911837604 social affairs 8 Kidanu Mirgessa ATJK, Labour & woreda Head woreda Labour 0912187095 social affairs and social 9 Bati Jar ATJK, Labour & woreda Human resource and 0912861976 social affairs employment 1 Tolessa Shume ATJK, Head IMx Head imx 0913397779 0 1 Dereje Reggass ATJK, TVET Head woreda TVET 0910266834 1 0962129903 1 Ato Bora Oromia Micro finance Head, WALQO 0916019769 2 1 Andre Hall Quary site manager Manager 0944336257 3 Chaltu Cherinet Woreda trade and Head 0911031972 weyessa industry 1 Kibrewosen LoT3 road Project social social and 4 and environment environment 1 Dange LoT3 road Project social social and 5 and environment environment 1 Ato Habtamu LOT3 road project RE 6 1 Temsegen LOT3 Social 7 management 1 Husen Amda LOT3 Human resources Human resources 8 1 Geda Degaga Arsi Negele woreda Woreda cabinet 0912074013 9 water resource List of kebele with respective kebele administration N Kebele Contact Position Phone o 1 Annano Shisho Denabe Kebele manager 092008716 1 kediro chairman 091206796 7 2 Halako Gulenta Feyissa Kebele Manager 091379928 Boke 5 Feyissa Kebele chairman 091960709 8 143 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 3 Weyisso Hussen chairman 091294163 Kenchera 4 4 Korma Bujure Tibesso Nannesso chairman 091604317 4 5 Desta Abijata Abu Qaweeti Manager 092381719 1 Tibesso chairman 092167891 Rashamba 6 6 Wolicho-Boramo Saba Tafi Chairman 093476002 6 Brehanu Deraro Manager 091893496 4 Tasso Bedhahdha 092136384 4 7 Deka Hora Kello Dibicho Rabi Chairman 091561442 6 Hussen Dallu Grievance 094062072 committee 3 Warriso Elemo Grievance 091182332 committee 4 Tufa Jilo Grievance 094588204 committee 1 8 Deka Dellu Midhasso Bato Manager 091325455 Harangema 6 9 Gale fi Kello Nagayo Ababa Chairman 091329302 5 Jibo Niko zone 092605056 5 10 Hurufa lole Eddessa Bedhasso Committee 092136186 chairman 9 Abdella Gassa memeber 094022352 8 Ganamo Furi memebr 091012830 8 11 Hada Baso Daniel Abreha manager 091682442 6 Wagi Furi chairman 094585451 2 12 Gubata Arjo Amanuel chairman 091679150 Abreham 7 Jorro Gelgalu school director 091679162 4 13 Andola Chabi Rahamato furo chairman 091618217 4 144 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Survey Questionnaire on Need Assessment and Livelihood restoration Plan Name of Project: Modjo-Hawassa Road Project, LOT3 (Ziway-Arsi Negele) Name of Enumerators: _______________________, Date: _______________, Name of supervisor ________________ Q. No Questions Household Response SECTION 1: Location 1.1 Regional 1) Oromia 2) SNNPRS 1.3 Woreda 1) Ademi Tullu Jido Kombolcha 2) Arsi-Negele 1.4 Kebele ___________ 1.5 Specific site 1.6 Road section (_______to _____km SECTION 2: BASIC DATA 2.1 Name of the household 2.2 Age ___________ 2.3 Sex 1) Male 2) Female 2.4 Education level 1=Illitrate 3=primary 5=TVET 2=Read/write 4=second 6=college 2.5 Marital status 1) Married 2) unmarried 3) Divorce 4) Widows 2.6 Family members : Total _______; Male ______Female______ 2.7 Family members age distribution Number of family members by age group Age group Number M F Total Below 18 years 18-30 years 30-70 years Above 70 years Total Section3 Occupation, Income and expenditure 3,1 What was your primary economic 1)Farm/crop occupation before the project 2)Irrigated/Horticulture 3) livestock/Fattening 4) Poultry 5) dairy 6) transport 145 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 7) local cottage Mfg 8) construction 9) Other_________ 3.2 How much is your estimate annual Crop production and sales Birr ________ income from different sources before Livestock, birr ______ the project Dairy, Birr_____ Other sources, Birr _____ Total___________ 3.3 Howm much is your income change Before the project ____________ before and after the Project After the project ___________ 3,4 How much you estimate your annual Birr_________ expenditure Section 3: Disability and vulnerability status 3.1 As project affected person do you any 1) Yes 2) No disability condition? 3.2 Is there disabled person in your family 1) Yes 2) No members 3.3 if disable what type of disability 2) Hand caped condition 3) Hearing impaired 4) Eye blindness 5) Leg amputates 6) others Section 4: Impacts of the road project 4.1 Did you affected/lost asset by the 1) Yes 2) No road project 4.2 Type of impacts/ What kind of 1) Farm Land loss _____ha property/asset did you lost? 2) Grazing land loss _____ha 3) Resident house loss _____m2 4) Commercial Business house ____m2 4.3 How was the extent of the impacts 1) Partial farm land loss 2) Full farm land Loss 3) Partial loss of residential houses 4) Full loss of residential houses and displacement 5) Business area/houses partially affected 6) Business area/House fully affected and lost and changed livelihood sources 7) Trees and fruits affected 146 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 4.4 Is the road project caused or will cause 1) Yes 2) No physical displacement 4.5 What impacts the project caused on 1) Physical displacement your life and livelihood system 2) Economic displacement 3) Economic loss 4.6 How do you evaluate/Rate your 1) Decrease livelihood change after the land 2) Increased expropriated 3) No change Section 5: Land based Livelihood Affected 5.1 Number of land plot Number of farm plot_______ 5.2 Total land holding size Farm land ___ha Grazing land ___Total___ 5.3 Total land size of the land plot within Farm land ___ha Grazing land ___Total___ the road parcel 5.4 Land area size affected by the road Farm land ___ha Grazing land ___Total___ project 5.5 Type and use of land affected 1) Farm land 2) Grazing land 5.6 Type of crop produced 1) Grain/cereals (wheat, Teff..) 2)Horticulture/Vegetables/Onion/Potatoes 3) Pulse (beans, peas 4) Other 5.7 Did you get land farm replacement 1) Yes 2)No 5.8 Do you like land replacement instead of 1) Yes other compensation 2)No 5.9 Do you know free access land available for 1) Yes replacement 2)No Section 6 : Non Land asset/Livelihood affected 6.1 Types of non-land asset/livelihood affected 1) Tukul 2) Residential house with corrugate Iron sheet 3) Trees and fruits 6.2 If houses affected, Purpose & use of the 1) Residential affected house 2) Business/Economic 3) Other 6.3 If economic/business houses, type of 1) Shops economic livelihood affected 2) Market shade 3) Hotel/restaurants 4) Others 147 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Section 7: Compensation 7.1 Did you get compensation for land or other 1) Yes economic asset 2)No 7.2 For what purpose you used the 1) Transition consumption compensation 2) Buying land 3)Agriculture equipment 4) Livestock 5) House construction 6) Replacement of asset 7 Purchased household asset 8)Social obligation/Festivals 9) Started small commercial business trading 7.3 Did you get adequate compensation to 1)Yes replace or restore your livelihood sources 2)No 7.4 Did you get equivalent land or economic 1) Yes livelihood or business area 2)No 7.5 How do you evaluate/judge your economic 1) Increased livelihood change after the project 2) Decreased 3) No chnage 7.6 How much was your annual income from the _______Birr/year total affected economic livelihood sources before the project impact 7.7 How much do you estimate your annual ________Birr/year economic income from the total affected economic livelihood sources after the project impact 7.8 Estimated annual economic loss as abase for determining the ceiling for livelihood restoration to the previous level of income or more) Remark Calibrate the two above Section 8: Livelihood Need Assessment 8.1 In what business activities you are 1) Land Based interested and need to restore your 2) Non land economic livelihood 3) Employment related to the project 8.2 what do you suggest to restore your 1) Cash compensation economic livelihood 2) Material support 2) Technical support 148 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 8.4 Are you or any family member employed in 1) Yes the project 2) No 8.5 If yes what type of employment 1) permanent 2) Temporary/Contract 3) Daily laborer 8.6 What was your primary economic 1)Farm/crop occupation before the project 2)Irrigated/Horticulture 3) Dairy/Fattening 4) Poultry 5) Fishery/pond 6) small commercial Trading 7) local cottage Mfg 8) construction 9) Other_________ 8.7 What is your primary economic 1)Farm/crop occupation after the project 2)Irrigated/Horticulture 3) Dairy/Fattening 4) Poultry 5) livestock 6) Trading 7) local cottage Mfg 8) construction 9) Other_________ 8.8 what livelihood categories you 1) Land based intend/Need to engage for your 2) Non land Livelihood 3) Employment in the project 4) Others _______ 8.9 What specific activities you need /prefer 1)Farm/crop as your first option for your livelihood 2)Irrigated/Horticulture restoration (mark one option) 3) Dairy/Fattening 4) Poultry 5) livestock 6) transport 7) grain trade 8) fruits and veg market 9) Others ___________ 8.10 What specific activities you need /prefer 1) Farm/crop as your second option for your 2)Irrigated/Horticulture 3) Dairy/Fattening 149 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project livelihood restoration (mark one as 4) Poultry second option) from the list 5) livestock 6) transport 7) grain trade 8) fruits and veg market 9) Others ___________ 8.11 What Asset currently owned to 1) Farm Land contribute your livelihood support (mark 2) Commercial house multiple choice that apply) 3) Livestock 4) Tractor 5) Irrigation pumps 6) Motor vehicle 7) Refrigerators 8) Four wheel cart 9) By cycle/Motor cycle 8.12 Do you have special skill/experience 1) Yes that you can use to apply livelihood 2) No improvement 8.13 What is your experience and/or specific 1) Farming skill that contribute your livelihood 2) Trading improvement support 3) Hand craft/Small artesian 4) Metal/Wood work 5) Construction related work 4) other 8.14 What support do you need for your 1) initial capital livelihood restoration 2) Material (farm tools, seeds, fertilizer 3) Business management 4) Other technical Section 9: Livelihood restoration plan 9.2 How much the do you estimate annual _____Birr income loss due to the project 9.3 How would you like to get assistance 1) Individual 2) Group 9.4 Is there organized marketing available 1) Yes for agricultural products? 2) No 9.5 Do you get credit service 1. Yes 2. No 9.6 Have you or the members of your 1) Yes household borrowed money during the 2) No last 1 year? 150 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 9.7 Is there any institution supported 1) NGOs improved agricultural practices 2) Govt/ Agri. Department 3) University initiatives 4) Self-study and friends 5) No 9.8 Do you received any training in 1) Yes business management, agricultural 2) No production or other technical ? 3) If yes plse mention_____________ Section 10: Youth 18 Years and above 10.1 Do you have youth 18 years and above 1) Yes 2) No 10.2 If Yes number of youth 18 yrs and Male _____Female ____ Total ____ above by sex 10.3 Do you have youths employed in the 1) Yes project 2) No 10.4 If yes, number of youth employed Male _____Female ____ Total ____ 10.5 If yes what type of employment 1) Permanent 2) Temporary 10.6 In what economic activities the 1)Farm/crop unemployed youths need to participate 2)Irrigated/Horticulture 3) Dairy/Fattening 4) Poultry 5) Fishery/pond 6) Trading 7) local cottage Mfg 8) construction 9) Other_________ 10.7 What support needs you 1) Initial capital cash expect/suggest for youths above 18 2) Farm input in kind years 3) improved Poultry/animal species 4) Technical assistance training 10.8 In what form do youth like to get 1) Capital in cash assistance 2) Material support in kind 3) Training 10.9 In what way do you like to engage your 1) Group livelihood improvement 2) Individual Please give suggestion for improvement of your livelihood and economic conditions of your family and the PAPs in eneral____________________________________________________________________________________ 151 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL R EPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Name of Enumerators: _______________________, Date: _______________, Name of supervisor ________________ THE FOLLOWING ANNEX PROVIDED IN SEPARATE EXCEL SHEET ANNEX 1: PAPs Profile ANNEX 2: Livelihood enterprises and Budget for each PAPs 152 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project Budget allocation and Budget share Woreda Kebele Name PAHHs age sex Primary # Land size weight income weight weight Weighted Total cost Budget 1) Male livelihood Depe expropri land loss loss income depende average share 2) nden ated (ha) loss nt Fema t 1 ATJK Adola Chebi Bude Eda'o 40 1 agriculture 7 0.34614 0.00102 20768.4 0.001026 0.005128 0.00239367 6 55,900 81,675.74 2 ATJK Adola Chebi Baku Dube Safawu 40 1 agriculture 3 0.92440 0.00274 55464.18 0.002741 0.002198 0.00256002 3 1 111,800 87,351.78 3 ATJK Anano Shisho Aseffa Ereesso Shufe 24 1 agriculture 0 0.44029 0.00130 26417.7 0.001306 0 0.0008704 5 6 55,900 29,699.50 4 ATJK Anano Shisho Kanoo Dagagaaa 47 2 agriculture 2 0.87342 0.00259 52405.2 0.00259 0.001465 0.00221504 111,800 75,580.32 5 ATJK Anano Shisho Nageso Dasee 35 1 agriculture 4 0.56036 0.00166 33622.08 0.001662 0.00293 0.00208457 8 2 111,800 71,128.77 6 ATJK Anano Shisho Adam Kuta Nadamoo 40 1 agriculture 1 1.16758 0.00346 70054.8 0.003462 0.000733 0.00255235 2 167,700 87,090.01 7 ATJK Anano Shisho Adem Kufo Danmo 37 1 agriculture 4 1.16758 0.00346 70054.8 0.003462 0.00293 0.00328495 2 167,700 112,087.43 8 ATJK Anano Shisho Usmael H/Wako Kabeto 37 1 agriculture 3 0.59811 0.00177 35886.78 0.001774 0.002198 0.00191499 3 4 55,900 65,342.33 9 ATJK Anano Shisho Jamaloo Galatoo Gabaso 30 1 agriculture 3 0.10553 0.00031 6331.98 0.000313 0.002198 0.00094123 3 3 55,900 32,116.01 10 ATJK Anano Shisho Abdala Galatoo 35 1 agriculture 2 0.2411 0.00071 14466 0.000715 0.001465 0.00096502 5 55,900 32,928.03 11 ATJK Anano Shisho Jemaal Geletu 22 1 agriculture 0 0.12390 0.00036 7434.18 0.000367 0 0.00024494 3 7 55,900 8,357.71 12 ATJK Anano Shisho Gabre Mareketo Hebene 52 1 agriculture 0 2.55562 0.00757 153337.7 0.007578 0 0.00505214 8 8 167,700 172,386.44 13 ATJK Anano Shisho Usmael H/wako Kabeto 39 1 agriculture 2 0.59811 0.00177 35886.78 0.001774 0.001465 0.00167079 3 4 55,900 57,009.86 14 ATJK Anano Shisho Derarso Abe Chinkeso 49 1 agriculture 2 0.59464 0.00176 35678.64 0.001763 0.001465 0.00166393 4 3 55,900 56,775.86 15 ATJK Arba Ako Hayatu Gelideo 52 2 agriculture 0 0.2826 0.00083 16956 0.000838 0 0.00055866 8 55,900 19,062.40 16 ATJK Arba Buludi Edal 50 1 agriculture 10 1.12173 0.00332 67304.22 0.003326 0.007326 0.00465953 7 6 111,800 158,990.01 17 ATJK Arba Leta mina badhso 65 1 agriculture 11 1.14832 0.00340 68899.38 0.003405 0.008059 0.00495628 3 5 111,800 169,115.81 18 ATJK Arba Balchaa figgaashaffa 45 1 agriculture 5 1.92299 0.00570 115379.7 0.005702 0.003663 0.00502251 5 2 167,700 171,375.41 153 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 19 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Abe Hirpho Lafi 40 1 agriculture 2 1.6689 0.00494 100134 0.004949 0.001465 0.00378759 Arengama 9 167,700 129,238.35 20 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Midhaga Dhekabu Tufa 45 1 agriculture 6 0.986 0.00292 59160 0.002924 0.004396 0.00341439 Arengama 4 111,800 116,504.15 21 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Kedir Mandoyu 42 1 agriculture 4 1.961 0.00581 117660 0.005815 0.00293 0.00485344 Arengama 5 167,700 165,606.51 22 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Milkeso Bune Kuta 34 1 agriculture 4 0.764 0.00226 45840 0.002265 0.00293 0.00248713 Arengama 5 111,800 84,864.49 23 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Abdurahman Rafiso Gazika 45 1 agriculture 5 0.89 0.00263 53400 0.002639 0.003663 0.00298041 Arengama 9 111,800 101,696.13 24 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Gemedo Badeso Tufa 55 1 agriculture 7 2.931 0.00869 175860 0.008691 0.005128 0.0075036 Arengama 1 167,700 256,033.98 25 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Abdela Muhhammed Geda 40 1 agriculture 2 0.524 0.00155 31440 0.001554 0.001465 0.00152428 Arengama 4 55,900 52,010.66 26 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Hashu Morkama Gebeto 57 1 agriculture 3 1.735 0.00514 104100 0.005145 0.002198 0.00416247 Arengama 5 167,700 142,029.51 27 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Mormor Abera Beriso 37 1 agriculture 2 1.051 0.00311 63060 0.003117 0.001465 0.00256609 Arengama 7 111,800 87,558.74 28 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Eman Abebu Heban 42 1 agriculture 13 2.36548 0.00701 141928.8 0.007014 0.009524 0.00785084 Kello 4 167,700 267,882.44 29 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Hofole keliefi shume 50 1 agriculture 2 0.282 0.00083 16920 0.000836 0.001465 0.00104588 Kello 6 55,900 35,686.88 30 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Milkaso Hirpo Beti 42 1 agriculture 9 0.304 0.00090 18240 0.000901 0.006593 0.00279877 Kello 1 55,900 95,498.19 31 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Mustafa Ori Adisho 60 1 agriculture 12 1.24 0.00367 74400 0.003677 0.008791 0.00538172 Kello 7 167,700 183,632.23 32 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Bededo Dalu Kebeto 60 1 agriculture 11 1.074 0.00318 64440 0.003185 0.008059 0.00480936 Kello 5 111,800 164,102.45 33 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Sule IresoGuge 50 1 agriculture 8 0.82418 0.00244 49450.8 0.002444 0.005861 0.0035829 Kello 4 111,800 122,253.75 34 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Habibi Dalu Selnke 40 1 agriculture 5 0.69 0.00204 41400 0.002046 0.003663 0.00258504 Kello 6 111,800 88,205.40 35 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Badhatu Midhasa Susuke 70 2 agriculture 8 1.44 0.00427 86400 0.00427 0.005861 0.00480029 Kello 167,700 163,793.06 36 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Abe bone gabamo 35 1 agriculture 7 0.65978 0.00195 39586.8 0.001956 0.005128 0.0030137 Kello 6 111,800 102,831.90 37 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Tufa Jilo Milkessa 37 1 agriculture 7 0.56725 0.00168 34035 0.001682 0.005128 0.00283078 Kello 2 111,800 96,590.41 38 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Dale Tensho Hamida 42 1 agriculture 4 0.57507 0.00170 34504.2 0.001705 0.00293 0.00211364 Kello 5 111,800 72,120.47 39 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Ibrahim Tuke wely 39 1 agriculture 7 0.33017 0.00097 19810.2 0.000979 0.005128 0.0023621 Kello 9 55,900 80,598.50 154 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 40 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Bedaso Tora Barate 32 1 agriculture 4 0.7384 0.00219 44304 0.00219 0.00293 0.00243652 Kello 111,800 83,137.68 41 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Ayano Turi Dube 70 1 agriculture 5 1.357 0.00402 81420 0.004024 0.003663 0.00390361 Kello 4 111,800 133,196.98 42 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Milkesa Tona Banato 45 1 agriculture 6 1.58738 0.00470 95242.8 0.004707 0.004396 0.00460324 Kello 7 167,700 157,069.43 43 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Gobena Mamo Iera 45 1 agriculture 8 3.564 0.01056 213840 0.010568 0.005861 0.00899916 Kello 8 223,600 307,064.61 44 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Bali Tuka Oliye 32 1 agriculture 8 0.1976 0.00058 11856 0.000586 0.005861 0.00234423 Kello 6 55,900 79,988.65 45 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Gamada Roba Bino 50 1 agriculture 7 0.77301 0.00229 46380.6 0.002292 0.005128 0.00323754 Kello 2 111,800 110,469.68 46 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Tena Edao Badhaso 36 1 agriculture 6 1.027 0.00304 61620 0.003045 0.004396 0.00349544 Kello 5 111,800 119,269.75 47 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Hiko Dogee Chinqisoo 41 1 agriculture 11 0.593 0.00175 35580 0.001758 0.008059 0.00385848 Kello 8 55,900 131,657.25 48 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Shurrube Tashita Godiyaa 45 2 agriculture 2 1.85 0.00548 111000 0.005486 0.001465 0.0041456 Kello 6 167,700 141,454.20 49 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Yeye sirbeuos Borsem 56 2 agriculture 0 1.414 0.00419 84840 0.004193 0 0.00279529 Kello 3 167,700 95,379.46 50 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Sheik Iberahim Wakene 52 1 agriculture 3 0.28 0.00083 16800 0.00083 0.002198 0.00128612 Kello 55,900 43,884.45 51 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Gosho Refiso Gazika 32 1 agriculture 2 0.57 0.00169 34200 0.00169 0.001465 0.00161521 Kello 55,900 55,113.53 52 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Shumba Dibo Koroso 57 1 agriculture 3 0.713 0.00211 42780 0.002114 0.002198 0.00214211 Kello 4 111,800 73,091.88 53 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Wata Abi Wariyo 54 1 agriculture 2 3.016 0.00894 180960 0.008943 0.001465 0.00645063 Kello 3 223,600 220,105.16 54 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Gemedo megerso BUTA 42 1 agriculture 2 2.248 0.00666 134880 0.006666 0.001465 0.0049324 Kello 6 167,700 168,300.76 55 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Hamda BOREMU Gelgelu 57 1 agriculture 2 0.769 0.00228 46140 0.00228 0.001465 0.00200861 Kello 55,900 68,536.81 56 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Amina Denbob Desiso 51 1 agriculture 2 2.684 0.00795 161040 0.007959 0.001465 0.00579431 Kello 9 167,700 197,710.55 57 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Alemu Geleto Finikile 57 1 agriculture 2 0.972 0.00288 58320 0.002882 0.001465 0.00240992 Kello 2 111,800 82,229.90 58 ATJK Desta Abijata Kufa Bonte Edeo 37 1 agriculture 2 0.75205 0.00223 45123 0.00223 0.001465 0.0019751 55,900 67,393.47 59 ATJK Desta Abijata Bushura Kebeto Dinsa 53 1 agriculture 2 0.98395 0.00291 59037 0.002918 0.001465 0.00243354 8 111,800 83,035.97 60 ATJK Desta Abijata Kadiir Jima 35 1 agriculture 6 1.16855 0.00346 70113 0.003465 0.004396 0.00377527 5 167,700 128,817.82 155 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 61 ATJK Desta Abijata Adem Gari yeyi 36 1 agriculture 6 0.636 0.00188 38160 0.001886 0.004396 0.00272249 6 55,900 92,895.37 62 ATJK Desta Abijata Yeshii Dambalo 40 2 agriculture 4 1.1421 0.00338 68526 0.003387 0.00293 0.00323458 7 111,800 110,368.72 63 ATJK Desta Abijata Korma Edsa Densa 65 1 agriculture 3 1.2496 0.00370 74976 0.003705 0.002198 0.00320289 5 167,700 109,287.51 64 ATJK Desta Abijata Abu Gebeo Boru 45 1 agriculture 4 1.38373 0.00410 83024.16 0.004103 0.00293 0.00371226 6 3 167,700 126,667.95 65 ATJK Desta Abijata Safewo Tuji Geda 25 1 agriculture 3 0.601 0.00178 36060 0.001782 0.002198 0.0019207 2 55,900 65,537.07 66 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Abwi Hebani Wako 52 1 agriculture 5 0.97 0.00287 58200 0.002876 0.003663 0.00313856 6 111,800 107,092.42 67 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Wakeyo Hidit Wako 32 1 agriculture 4 1.03 0.00305 61800 0.003054 0.00293 0.00301297 4 111,800 102,807.16 68 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Abera Boa Gofta 45 1 agriculture 3 0.927 0.00274 55620 0.002749 0.002198 0.00256516 9 111,800 87,526.96 69 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Memo Husen Dingato 40 1 agriculture 6 0.614 0.00182 36840 0.001821 0.004396 0.002679 1 55,900 91,411.39 70 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Bone Geda Wako 38 1 agriculture 8 0.634 0.00188 38040 0.00188 0.005861 0.00320694 55,900 109,425.42 71 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Fayiso Geda Wako 35 1 agriculture 5 0.684 0.00202 41040 0.002028 0.003663 0.00257318 8 55,900 87,800.67 72 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Tashoma Babso Debiso 32 1 agriculture 8 0.66 0.00195 39600 0.001957 0.005861 0.00325833 7 55,900 111,179.21 73 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Abate mude Ayano 41 1 agriculture 2 0.254 0.00075 15240 0.000753 0.001465 0.00099052 3 55,900 33,798.18 74 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Beshir Mude Ayano 52 1 agriculture 2 0.714 0.00211 42840 0.002117 0.001465 0.00189988 7 55,900 64,826.86 75 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Rehiman Hada Bena 40 2 agriculture 2 0.324 0.00096 19440 0.000961 0.001465 0.00112891 Mosqued 1 55,900 38,519.93 76 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Tesfaye Korso Godena 40 1 agriculture 3 0.578 0.00171 34680 0.001714 0.002198 0.00187523 4 55,900 63,985.64 77 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Bariso Hawte Kechasa 32 1 agriculture 0 0.734 0.00217 44040 0.002177 0 0.00145102 7 55,900 49,510.98 78 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Hilka wayiso 44 2 agriculture 3 0.723 0.00214 43380 0.002144 0.002198 0.00216188 4 55,900 73,766.42 79 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Delayu Koroso Godena 45 1 agriculture 4 1.26 0.00373 75600 0.003736 0.00293 0.00346765 6 167,700 118,321.50 80 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Wage Fari Falaso 32 1 agriculture 2 1.629 0.00483 97740 0.00483 0.001465 0.00370872 167,700 126,546.95 81 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Hassnne Fari Falaso 40 1 agriculture 2 1.11 0.00329 66600 0.003291 0.001465 0.00268272 1 111,800 91,538.50 156 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 82 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Ganamo Hedato Koto 38 1 agriculture 4 0.758 0.00224 45480 0.002248 0.00293 0.00247527 8 55,900 84,459.77 83 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Abjaato Morkama Gebeto 49 1 agriculture 7 0.25 0.00074 15000 0.000741 0.005128 0.00220362 1 55,900 75,190.74 84 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Tasfayee Abebe 48 1 agriculture 2 0.443 0.00131 26580 0.001314 0.001465 0.00136415 4 55,900 46,546.92 85 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Badhadhoo Gadaa Oqatoo 44 1 agriculture 6 1.3 0.00385 78000 0.003855 0.004396 0.00403513 5 167,700 137,684.60 86 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Daliyoo Keranso Godana 49 1 agriculture 3 1.2 0.00355 72000 0.003558 0.002198 0.00310484 8 167,700 105,941.81 87 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Abate Mudee Ayaano 24 1 agriculture 0 0.25 0.00074 15000 0.000741 0 0.00049422 1 55,900 16,863.41 88 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Muddee Ayaano Tufaa 62 1 agriculture 7 1.38 0.00409 82800 0.004092 0.005128 0.00443748 2 111,800 151,413.37 89 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Tesfaye Qerauso Godanaa 47 1 agriculture 6 0.5 0.00148 30000 0.001483 0.004396 0.00245364 3 55,900 83,721.68 90 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Barisaa Tura Dhefebii 38 1 agriculture 5 0.22 0.00065 13200 0.000652 0.003663 0.00165591 2 55,900 56,502.18 91 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Gebre Belcha Morramo 49 1 agriculture 8 0.507 0.00150 30420 0.001503 0.005861 0.00295587 3 55,900 100,858.81 92 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Muhamad Tula Bedada 40 1 agriculture 7 1.082 0.00320 64920 0.003208 0.005128 0.00384837 8 111,800 131,312.18 93 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Teshita Gelato kabeto 35 1 agriculture 5 0.664 0.00196 39840 0.001969 0.003663 0.00253364 9 55,900 86,451.60 94 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Woge Furi Fulaso 52 1 agriculture 0 1.5 0.00444 90000 0.004448 0 0.0029653 8 167,700 101,180.48 95 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Uka Bati Bedado 60 1 agriculture 3 1.442 0.00427 86520 0.004276 0.002198 0.00358324 6 167,700 122,265.59 96 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Biru Abera Beriso 29 1 agriculture 4 0.118 0.00035 7080 0.00035 0.00293 0.00121007 55,900 41,289.43 97 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Tula Bedado Buga 62 1 agriculture 0 0.444 0.00131 26640 0.001317 0 0.00087773 7 55,900 29,949.42 98 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Ahmeda Ayano Bedado 49 1 agriculture 2 0.512 0.00151 30720 0.001518 0.001465 0.00150056 8 55,900 51,201.22 99 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Gumeda Banti Bedada 49 1 agriculture 2 0.903 0.00267 54180 0.002678 0.001465 0.00227351 8 111,800 77,575.60 100 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Wariso Kinda Badeso 41 1 agriculture 2 1.0268 0.00304 61608 0.003045 0.001465 0.00251825 5 111,800 85,926.36 101 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Teshet Galato Kabato 40 1 agriculture 2 0.664 0.00196 39840 0.001969 0.001465 0.00180104 9 55,900 61,454.17 102 ATJK Halaku Jabeso Maqaso Washo 35 1 agriculture 6 0.93674 0.00277 56204.64 0.002778 0.004396 0.00331702 Gulenta Boke 4 8 111,800 113,181.66 157 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 103 ATJK Halaku Feyisa Deraro Duga 28 1 agriculture 2 1.23749 0.00367 74249.76 0.00367 0.001465 0.00293477 Gulenta Boke 6 167,700 100,138.57 104 ATJK Halaku Kadir E/Gemedo Tilago 45 1 agriculture 6 1.51148 0.00448 90689.16 0.004482 0.004396 0.00445321 Gulenta Boke 6 2 167,700 151,950.10 105 ATJK Halaku Mohammed E/Gemedo 24 1 agriculture 0 0.83330 0.00247 49998.48 0.002471 0 0.00164734 Gulenta Boke Tilago 8 1 55,900 56,209.67 106 ATJK Halaku Safewo Tamuni Tekequa 60 1 agriculture 2 1.23749 0.00367 74249.78 0.00367 0.001465 0.00293477 Gulenta Boke 6 167,700 100,138.59 107 ATJK Halaku Gobena Hameda Beshir 50 1 agriculture 3 0.56675 0.00168 34005.48 0.001681 0.002198 0.00185301 Gulenta Boke 8 1 55,900 63,227.32 108 ATJK Halaku Mustefa Shek/mohamed 40 1 agriculture 0 0.64349 0.00190 38609.94 0.001908 0 0.00127211 Gulenta Boke 9 8 55,900 43,406.36 109 ATJK Halaku Demse Dase HIIsoo 41 1 agriculture 2 1.06668 0.00316 64000.8 0.003163 0.001465 0.00259709 Gulenta Boke 3 111,800 88,616.41 110 ATJK Halaku Hailu Hajjji HEIsoo 30 1 agriculture 3 0.39485 0.00117 23691 0.001171 0.002198 0.00151317 Gulenta Boke 1 55,900 51,631.50 111 ATJK Halaku Desta Usena Shukuro 35 1 agriculture 2 0.70677 0.00209 42406.68 0.002096 0.001465 0.00188561 Gulenta Boke 8 6 55,900 64,339.71 112 ATJK Halaku Feyasa Tura Henebeto 32 1 agriculture 3 0.37594 0.00111 22556.64 0.001115 0.002198 0.00147579 Gulenta Boke 4 5 55,900 50,356.22 113 ATJK Halaku Jebeso Megerso Washo 52 1 agriculture 1 0.93674 0.00277 56204.64 0.002778 0.000733 0.00209602 Gulenta Boke 4 8 111,800 71,519.28 114 ATJK Halaku Teshite Megerso Washo 62 1 agriculture 0 1.65430 0.00490 99258.36 0.004906 0 0.00327034 Gulenta Boke 6 6 167,700 111,588.98 115 ATJK Halaku Gemmachu Deshun Ushato 51 1 agriculture 2 0.27295 0.00080 16377.12 0.000809 0.001465 0.00102799 Gulenta Boke 2 9 55,900 35,076.56 116 ATJK Halaku Radeye Gudeto Aleneg 45 2 agriculture 2 0.96027 0.00284 57616.62 0.002848 0.001465 0.00238674 Gulenta Boke 7 8 111,800 81,439.14 117 ATJK Halaku Mustefa Feyeaso Hashu 30 1 agriculture 4 0.35427 0.00105 21256.74 0.001051 0.00293 0.00167716 Gulenta Boke 9 1 55,900 57,227.31 118 ATJK Hurufa Lole Shanqoo Gosee Dashaa 32 1 agriculture 8 0.775 0.00229 46500 0.002298 0.005861 0.00348567 8 55,900 118,936.38 119 ATJK Hurufa Lole Abishu Gelgalu Dasha 39 1 agriculture 2 0.697 0.00206 41820 0.002067 0.001465 0.00186628 7 55,900 63,680.15 120 ATJK Hurufa Lole Ganamoo Furii Waqoo 30 1 agriculture 6 1.13 0.00335 67800 0.003351 0.004396 0.00369906 1 111,800 126,217.48 121 ATJK Hurufa Lole Sholla Hambe Dashaa 52 1 agriculture 4 0.9702 0.00287 58212 0.002877 0.00293 0.00289476 7 111,800 98,773.43 122 ATJK Hurufa Lole Damboo Guradoo Waqoo 46 1 agriculture 4 1.196 0.00354 71760 0.003546 0.00293 0.00334113 6 167,700 114,004.47 123 ATJK Hurufa Lole Gachechoo Edasaa 32 1 agriculture 5 0.19955 0.00059 11973 0.000592 0.003663 0.00161549 2 55,900 55,122.75 158 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 124 ATJK Hurufa Lole Bato Ogato Karayu 40 2 agriculture 2 0.611 0.00181 36660 0.001812 0.001465 0.00169627 2 55,900 57,879.13 125 ATJK Hurufa Lole Shonkote Ganamo 47 2 agriculture 2 1.5 0.00444 90000 0.004448 0.001465 0.0034537 8 167,700 117,845.43 126 ATJK Hurufa Lole Tuliyo Gabayo Keweti 30 1 agriculture 8 0.505 0.00149 30300 0.001497 0.005861 0.00295192 7 55,900 100,723.90 127 ATJK Hurufa Lole Shala Keweti Dasha 58 1 agriculture 3 0.302 0.00089 18120 0.000896 0.002198 0.00132961 6 55,900 45,368.43 128 ATJK Korme Bujure Gurecho Baru Gemedi 45 1 agriculture 6 1.61029 0.00477 96617.7 0.004775 0.004396 0.00464854 5 5 167,700 158,615.13 129 ATJK Korme Bujure Amina Edeo Hiyo 42 1 agriculture 5 0.63009 0.00186 37805.58 0.001868 0.003663 0.00246661 3 8 55,900 84,164.45 130 ATJK Korme Bujure Desta Kedir Dewano 45 1 agriculture 3 0.84175 0.00249 50505.3 0.002496 0.002198 0.00239664 5 6 55,900 81,776.87 131 ATJK Korme Bujure Buda wata lensiso 35 2 agriculture 3 1.3368 0.00396 80208 0.003964 0.002198 0.00337528 4 167,700 115,169.47 132 ATJK Weyiso Kebale Kebato Teto 40 2 agriculture 7 0.28756 0.00085 17253.84 0.000853 0.005128 0.00227788 Kenchera 4 3 55,900 77,724.57 133 ATJK Weyiso Dasse Bedhene 35 1 agriculture 4 2.30658 0.00684 138395 0.00684 0.00293 0.00553661 Kenchera 3 167,700 188,917.34 134 ATJK Weyiso Burka Shante Garnessa 37 1 agriculture 0 0.26471 0.00078 15882.9 0.000785 0 0.00052331 Kenchera 5 5 55,900 17,855.99 135 ATJK Weyiso Haji Mekuria Gelgelu 65 1 agriculture 5 0.51164 0.00151 30698.4 0.001517 0.003663 0.00223245 Kenchera 7 55,900 76,174.36 136 ATJK Weyiso Lammecha Dassea Badhane 43 1 agriculture 3 0.93673 0.00277 56203.98 0.002778 0.002198 0.0025844 Kenchera 3 8 111,800 88,183.49 137 ATJK Wolicho Rafiso Tafi Hiyo 25 1 agriculture 6 3.05825 0.00906 183495 0.009069 0.004396 0.00751096 Buramo 9 167,700 256,284.98 138 ATJK Wolicho Gachino Insene Heyo 25 1 agriculture 5 0.6219 0.00184 37314 0.001844 0.003663 0.00245041 Buramo 4 55,900 83,611.80 139 ATJK Wolicho Aman Tunenei 25 1 agriculture 0 0.4257 0.00126 25542 0.001262 0 0.00084155 Buramo 2 55,900 28,715.02 140 ATJK Wolicho Shuya Bedhaasa 40 1 agriculture 3 0.6911 0.00204 41466 0.002049 0.002198 0.00209881 Buramo 9 55,900 71,614.64 141 ATJK Wolicho Dadi Kedir 50 1 agriculture 2 0.46775 0.00138 28065 0.001387 0.001465 0.00141308 Buramo 7 55,900 48,216.40 142 ATJK Wolicho Dewet Jera Ede,o 25 1 agriculture 2 0.4118 0.00122 24708 0.001221 0.001465 0.00130247 Buramo 1 55,900 44,442.36 143 ATJK Wolicho Yowanis qabeto abdi 31 1 agriculture 3 0.5872 0.00174 35232 0.001741 0.002198 0.00189342 Buramo 1 55,900 64,606.21 144 ATJK Wolicho Fayiso Jara Adeo 30 1 agriculture 1 0.91945 0.00272 55167 0.002726 0.000733 0.00206183 Buramo 6 55,900 70,352.73 159 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 145 ATJK Wolicho Ditta Qaweti Hiyo 30 1 agriculture 2 1.38145 0.00409 82887 0.004096 0.001465 0.00321934 Buramo 6 167,700 109,848.80 146 ATJK Wolicho Kedir Obsa 30 1 agriculture 4 0.55793 0.00165 33476.1 0.001654 0.00293 0.00207976 Buramo 5 4 55,900 70,964.65 147 ATJK Wolicho Gameda Hashu Tafi 23 1 agriculture 0 0.8097 0.00240 48582 0.002401 0 0.00160067 Buramo 1 55,900 54,617.22 148 ATJK Wolicho Dabe Bedhaso 35 1 agriculture 2 0.3953 0.00117 23718 0.001172 0.001465 0.00126986 Buramo 2 55,900 43,329.38 149 ATJK Wolicho Bonso Keweti Hiyo 20 1 agriculture 1 1.1225 0.00332 67350 0.003329 0.000733 0.00246323 Buramo 9 111,800 84,049.20 150 ATJK Wolicho Fayiso Negeso Keteto 28 1 agriculture 1 0.6708 0.00198 40248 0.001989 0.000733 0.00157028 Buramo 9 55,900 53,580.38 151 ATJK Wolicho Ketebo Tefi Hiyo 29 1 agriculture 6 1.5062 0.00446 90372 0.004466 0.004396 0.00444276 Buramo 6 167,700 151,593.54 152 ATJK Wolicho Kemso Keweti Hiyo 25 1 agriculture 2 1.2445 0.00369 74670 0.00369 0.001465 0.00294861 Buramo 167,700 100,611.02 153 ATJK Wolicho Bedeso Tefi Hiyo 28 1 agriculture 5 0.81991 0.00243 49194.9 0.002431 0.003663 0.00284186 Buramo 5 1 55,900 96,968.64 154 ATJK Wolicho Ushu Tefi Hiyo 25 1 agriculture 3 1.69 0.00501 101400 0.005011 0.002198 0.00407351 Buramo 1 111,800 138,994.10 155 ATJK Adola Chebi Aliyi Sura Basu 45 1 Irrigation 7 1.17 0.00346 70200 0.003469 0.005128 0.00402234 9 146,218 137,248.10 156 ATJK Adola Chebi Abadiir Gudata 32 1 Irrigation 5 0.34273 0.00101 20564.34 0.001016 0.003663 0.00189855 9 6 68,852 64,781.37 157 ATJK Adola Chebi Buni Feyiso Teshite 55 1 Irrigation 5 1.85 0.00548 111000 0.005486 0.003663 0.00487821 6 177,666 166,451.63 158 ATJK Adola Chebi Masfin Nagu Guja 42 1 Irrigation 2 0.55503 0.00164 33302.22 0.001646 0.001465 0.00158563 7 6 57,713 54,104.22 159 ATJK Arba Abdi Girma Midekiso 27 1 Irrigation 0 0.34127 0.00101 20476.74 0.001012 0 0.00067466 9 2 36,932 23,020.51 160 ATJK Arba Edatu Bancho Wariyo 45 2 Irrigation 0 0.18536 0.00055 11121.66 0.00055 0 0.00036643 1 20,059 12,503.28 161 ATJK Arba Buta Figo Shega 55 1 Irrigation 3 0.70200 0.00208 42120.18 0.002082 0.002198 0.00212037 3 2 115,641 72,350.09 162 ATJK Arba Midhamso Dalu Wariya 43 1 Irrigation 6 1.83403 0.00543 110042 0.005438 0.004396 0.00509084 3 8 277,818 173,707.07 163 ATJK Desta Abijata Fayiso Jemal Dhekabi 33 1 Irrigation 3 0.87795 0.00260 52677 0.002603 0.002198 0.00246819 3 161,667 84,218.36 164 ATJK Desta Abijata Amana Bunu Gebau 36 1 Irrigation 0 0.22923 0.00068 13753.8 0.00068 0 0.00045316 29,777 15,462.40 165 ATJK Desta Abijata Komrmee Damull 57 1 Irrigation 3 0.75 0.00222 45000 0.002224 0.002198 0.00221525 4 145,046 75,587.66 160 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 166 ATJK Desta Abijata Badhee Dhanteemo 27 1 Irrigation 2 0.643 0.00190 38580 0.001907 0.001465 0.00175953 7 115,273 60,037.65 167 ATJK Desta Abijata Barakat Hirphoo Geeta 25 1 Irrigation 2 0.4342 0.00128 26052 0.001288 0.001465 0.00134676 8 58,210 45,953.33 168 ATJK Desta Abijata Gadanaa Gababaa Dori 45 1 Irrigation 5 1.057 0.00313 63420 0.003134 0.003663 0.00331055 4 143,079 112,960.89 169 ATJK Desta Abijata Aabbaa Abbishu Geda 28 1 Irrigation 3 0.844 0.00250 50640 0.002503 0.002198 0.00240108 3 103,844 81,928.31 170 ATJK Desta Abijata muhamad kawoo 30 1 Irrigation 2 0.444 0.00131 26640 0.001317 0.001465 0.00136613 7 59,050 46,614.37 171 ATJK Desta Abijata bontee Eda'o Dinsa 65 1 Irrigation 4 0.5628 0.00166 33768 0.001669 0.00293 0.00208938 9 90,205 71,292.82 172 ATJK Desta Abijata Alamayu Dame kolbamo 57 1 Irrigation 7 1.50478 0.00446 90287.2 0.004462 0.005128 0.00468417 7 2 157,995 159,830.68 173 ATJK Desta Abijata Korso Ankushe Neme 47 1 Irrigation 9 0.91715 0.00272 55029 0.00272 0.006593 0.00401089 135,018 136,857.40 174 ATJK Desta Abijata Yonas Sosobo Hemo 47 1 Irrigation 5 0.4989 0.00147 29934 0.001479 0.003663 0.00220726 9 74,298 75,315.00 175 ATJK Desta Abijata Jima urgo safewo 62 1 Irrigation 2 0.99755 0.00295 59853 0.002958 0.001465 0.00246042 8 83,139 83,953.34 176 ATJK Hurufa Lole Obsaa Wilkeesso Hamdaa 25 1 Irrigation 0 1.1634 0.00345 69804 0.00345 0 0.00229989 73,736 78,475.58 177 ATJK Hurufa Lole Hami Gudata Gobani 35 2 Irrigation 7 0.381 0.00113 22860 0.00113 0.005128 0.00246259 78,362 84,027.17 178 ATJK Hurufa Lole Edasa Gelgalu Dasha 60 1 Irrigation 5 1.74803 0.00518 104881.9 0.005183 0.003663 0.00467663 2 3 149,514 159,573.52 179 ATJK Wolicho Wako Qabato Abdi 35 1 Irrigation 1 0.46335 0.00137 27801 0.001374 0.000733 0.00116018 Buramo 4 95,650 39,587.12 180 ATJK Wolicho Bedhas Furo Abdi 20 1 Irrigation 0 0.69 0.00204 41400 0.002046 0 0.00136404 Buramo 6 112,713 46,543.02 181 ATJK Wolicho Badhene Bashir Abde 25 1 Irrigation 0 0.57085 0.00169 34251 0.001693 0 0.00112849 Buramo 3 93,249 38,505.92 182 ATJK Wolicho Wonde Dulu Urgesa 35 1 Irrigation 3 0.72965 0.00216 43779 0.002164 0.002198 0.00217502 Buramo 4 79,707 74,214.98 183 ATJK Wolicho Xejii Godena Hubata 45 2 Irrigation 4 0.6362 0.00188 38172 0.001887 0.00293 0.00223448 Buramo 7 81,797 76,243.91 184 ATJK Wolicho Kadir Qametti Hiyo 36 1 Irrigation 5 1.316 0.00390 78960 0.003902 0.003663 0.00382256 Buramo 2 140,109 130,431.38 185 ATJK Adola Chebi Aanee Shungee hayato 37 1 Fattenning 9 0.47334 0.00140 28400.46 0.001404 0.006593 0.00313353 1 4 63,425 106,920.86 186 ATJK Anano Shisho Qufa Banti 36 1 Fattenning 2 1.15186 0.00341 69112.14 0.003416 0.001465 0.00276549 9 6 126,850 94,362.72 161 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 187 ATJK Anano Shisho Denebo Abiti Kumbi 35 1 Fattenning 0 0.75424 0.00223 45254.7 0.002237 0 0.00149104 5 7 63,425 50,876.58 188 ATJK Anano Shisho Wariyo Abu Uta 60 1 Fattenning 2 1.24805 0.00370 74883 0.003701 0.001465 0.00295563 1 126,850 100,850.48 189 ATJK Anano Shisho Shanko Ogeto Usemane 44 1 Fattenning 2 0.51694 0.00153 31016.7 0.001533 0.001465 0.00151033 5 3 63,425 51,534.78 190 ATJK Arba Kadir Bomed Ebeso 31 1 Fattenning 5 0.44433 0.00131 26660.28 0.001318 0.003663 0.0020994 8 8 63,425 71,634.60 191 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Gemedo Megerso Buta 65 1 Fattenning 5 2.248 0.00666 134880 0.006666 0.003663 0.005665 Arengama 6 190,275 193,298.18 192 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Uka Banti Badada 69 1 Fattenning 0 1.442 0.00427 86520 0.004276 0 0.00285064 Arengama 6 126,850 97,268.16 193 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Kedir Benti Alle 32 1 Fattenning 9 0.89092 0.00264 53455.62 0.002642 0.006593 0.00395905 Kello 7 2 126,850 135,088.56 194 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Wariso Elemo Shulle 48 1 Fattenning 4 1.521 0.00451 91260 0.00451 0.00293 0.00398362 Kello 126,850 135,926.90 195 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Tashite birmaji Geedo 40 1 Fattenning 14 1.67 0.00495 100200 0.004952 0.010256 0.00672017 Kello 2 190,275 229,302.25 196 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Daseso doyeso kanbolcha 60 1 Fattenning 5 1.113 0.0033 66780 0.0033 0.003663 0.00342125 Kello 126,850 116,738.29 197 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Shambal Hangesu Ababa 42 1 Fattenning 8 1.905 0.00564 114300 0.005649 0.005861 0.00571953 Kello 9 190,275 195,159.01 198 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Bafe Aman Dori 23 1 Fattenning 4 0.9512 0.00282 57072 0.002821 0.00293 0.0028572 Kello 1 126,850 97,491.81 199 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Jemal Sediko Utu 39 1 Fattenning 9 3.9692 0.01177 238152 0.01177 0.006593 0.01004438 Kello 190,275 342,729.31 200 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Kadir Ireso Tuge 40 1 Fattenning 6 0.41979 0.00124 25187.4 0.001245 0.004396 0.00229507 Kello 5 63,425 78,311.22 201 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Midakso Tuke Oliye 35 1 Fattenning 3 0.28448 0.00084 17068.8 0.000844 0.002198 0.00129498 Kello 4 63,425 44,186.64 202 Arsi Negele Daka Hora abee Fixe Utoo 42 1 Fattenning 1 0.342 0.00101 20520 0.001014 0.000733 0.00092029 Kello 4 63,425 31,401.62 203 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Amaan Banka Longalchoo 45 1 Fattenning 5 1.21 0.00358 72600 0.003588 0.003663 0.00361301 Kello 8 126,850 123,281.29 204 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Odee Qeritee Elmo 41 1 Fattenning 5 1.291 0.00382 77460 0.003828 0.003663 0.00377314 Kello 8 126,850 128,745.04 205 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Wude Kerte Elemoo 57 1 Fattenning 3 1.291 0.00382 77460 0.003828 0.002198 0.00328474 Kello 8 126,850 112,080.09 206 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Gemedo Wude Kerte 35 1 Fattenning 2 0.602 0.00178 36120 0.001785 0.001465 0.00167847 Kello 5 63,425 57,272.05 207 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Badeso Beriso Dube 33 1 Fattenning 1 0.508 0.00150 30480 0.001506 0.000733 0.00124845 Kello 6 63,425 42,598.93 162 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 208 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Wariso Guye Roba 40 1 Fattenning 0 0.89 0.00263 53400 0.002639 0 0.00175941 Kello 9 126,850 60,033.75 209 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Bona Guye Roba 30 1 Fattenning 2 0.504 0.00149 30240 0.001495 0.001465 0.00148474 Kello 5 63,425 50,661.59 210 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Guto Kawe Dike 35 1 Fattenning 2 0.923 0.00273 55380 0.002737 0.001465 0.00231305 Kello 7 126,850 78,924.67 211 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Abdurhaman Rafiso Gazika 45 1 Fattenning 2 0.89 0.00263 53400 0.002639 0.001465 0.00224781 Kello 9 126,850 76,698.70 212 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Tefo Ageto Morkemo 50 1 Fattenning 3 1.777 0.00526 106620 0.005269 0.002198 0.00424549 Kello 9 190,275 144,862.56 213 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Aman Megerso Buta 67 1 Fattenning 3 2.221 0.00658 133260 0.006586 0.002198 0.00512322 Kello 6 190,275 174,811.98 214 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Bakele Guye GUJA 51 1 Fattenning 3 1.444 0.00428 86640 0.004282 0.002198 0.0035872 Kello 2 126,850 122,400.50 215 ATJK Desta Abijata Abbitii Wabbbisoo buuss 56 1 Fattenning 5 1.254 0.00371 75240 0.003718 0.003663 0.00369999 8 126,850 126,249.26 216 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Shunka Geda Herbata 37 2 Fattenning 3 2.188 0.00648 131280 0.006488 0.002198 0.00505799 8 190,275 172,586.01 217 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Edeo Chakisa Gidada 67 1 Fattenning 3 0.215 0.00063 12900 0.000638 0.002198 0.00115763 8 63,425 39,499.96 218 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Mude Tura Ayano 62 1 Fattenning 5 1.386 0.00411 83160 0.00411 0.003663 0.00396094 126,850 135,153.14 219 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Abedo Hawote Kechasa 42 1 Fattenning 2 0.507 0.00150 30420 0.001503 0.001465 0.00149067 3 63,425 50,863.95 220 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Gemeda Jilo Kabeto 40 1 Fattenning 14 2.397 0.00710 143820 0.007108 0.010256 0.00815735 8 190,275 278,341.06 221 ATJK Halaku Abdo E/Gemade Tilago 37 1 Fattenning 7 0.63455 0.00188 38073.24 0.001882 0.005128 0.00296383 Gulenta Boke 4 2 63,425 101,130.31 222 ATJK Halaku Zalekech Ledeta Ades 37 2 Fattenning 2 0.75005 0.00222 45003.48 0.002224 0.001465 0.00197117 Gulenta Boke 8 4 63,425 67,259.10 223 ATJK Halaku Midhekso Measo Benku 50 1 Fattenning 3 1.11007 0.00329 66604.68 0.003292 0.002198 0.00292708 Gulenta Boke 8 2 126,850 99,876.24 224 ATJK Korme Bujure Edoo Kerssi Harkiso 50 1 Fattenning 5 1.22491 0.00363 73494.84 0.003632 0.003663 0.00364249 4 2 126,850 124,287.30 225 ATJK Korme Bujure Bonite Fajiso Fenkilo 40 1 Fattenning 7 1.58301 0.00469 94980.96 0.004694 0.005128 0.00483881 6 4 126,850 165,107.54 226 ATJK Korme Bujure Badeso Edeo Kufa 42 1 Fattenning 4 1.81882 0.00539 109129.3 0.005393 0.00293 0.00457237 2 3 190,275 156,016.08 227 ATJK Korme Bujure Amana Dweno Genemo 32 1 Fattenning 2 0.47168 0.00139 28300.92 0.001399 0.001465 0.00142085 2 9 63,425 48,481.62 228 ATJK Korme Bujure Abduraman Tutari wolo 45 1 Fattenning 6 0.95470 0.00283 57282.42 0.002831 0.004396 0.00335253 7 1 126,850 114,393.33 163 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 229 ATJK Korme Bujure Gemedo Genemo bulo 65 1 Fattenning 8 0.66305 0.00196 39783.06 0.001966 0.005861 0.00326437 1 6 63,425 111,385.01 230 ATJK Korme Bujure Ararso Seddiqo genemo 34 1 Fattenning 3 0.75638 0.00224 45383.1 0.002243 0.002198 0.00222787 5 3 63,425 76,018.36 231 ATJK Weyiso Beriso Nageso Dhaqabo 40 1 Fattenning 3 0.37814 0.00112 22688.4 0.001121 0.002198 0.00148013 Kenchera 1 63,425 50,504.35 232 ATJK Weyiso Mahmmad Daluu 45 1 Fattenning 6 0.118 0.00035 7080 0.00035 0.004396 0.00169847 Kenchera 63,425 57,954.38 233 ATJK Weyiso yaobe hasen Badane 32 1 Fattenning 0 0.23305 0.00069 13983.06 0.000691 0 0.00046071 Kenchera 1 1 63,425 15,720.14 234 ATJK Wolicho Wako Tefi Hiyo 25 1 Fattenning 5 1.103 0.00327 66180 0.003271 0.003663 0.00340149 Buramo 1 126,850 116,063.75 235 ATJK Wolicho Ushu Tafi Hiro 25 1 Fattenning 3 1.54825 0.00459 92895 0.004591 0.002198 0.00379329 Buramo 1 126,850 129,432.54 236 ATJK Wolicho Dhekebo Gemechu 70 2 Fattenning 1 0.42465 0.00125 25479 0.001259 0.000733 0.00108368 Buramo 9 63,425 36,976.67 237 ATJK Wolicho Shumi Abushi Abdi 36 1 Fattenning 2 0.58745 0.00174 35247 0.001742 0.001465 0.00164971 Buramo 2 63,425 56,290.60 238 ATJK Wolicho Bari Kute Kebeto 21 1 Fattenning 0 0.767 0.00227 46020 0.002274 0 0.00151626 Buramo 4 63,425 51,736.95 239 ATJK Wolicho Bashir Keweti Hiyo 35 1 Fattenning 4 1.6999 0.00504 101994 0.005041 0.00293 0.00433728 Buramo 1 190,275 147,994.36 240 ATJK Adola Chebi Ukuule Gemeda bekuru 50 2 Dairy 5 0.94818 0.00281 56890.8 0.002812 0.003663 0.00309543 2 73,825 105,620.58 241 ATJK Adola Chebi Geda Gujo Tise 47 1 Dairy 2 0.56957 0.00168 34174.5 0.001689 0.001465 0.00161437 5 9 73,825 55,084.86 242 ATJK Adola Chebi Aly Sura Besu 37 1 Dairy 3 1.17361 0.00348 70417.02 0.00348 0.002198 0.00305269 7 147,650 104,162.18 243 ATJK Anano Shisho Guuyo Naadamo Abe 42 1 Dairy 4 0.93914 0.00278 56348.58 0.002785 0.00293 0.00283336 3 5 73,825 96,678.53 244 ATJK Anano Shisho Bude Abeti Kumebi 37 1 Dairy 4 0.50648 0.00150 30388.92 0.001502 0.00293 0.00197805 2 2 73,825 67,493.96 245 ATJK Arba Faranjoo bomeda ebiso 37 1 Dairy 5 0.41901 0.00124 25140.6 0.001242 0.003663 0.00204933 2 73,825 69,926.13 246 ATJK Arba Gemmechu Meggerssa Jebi 48 1 Dairy 4 0.88326 0.00261 52995.96 0.002619 0.00293 0.0027229 6 9 73,825 92,909.42 247 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Darase Negeto Tusiye 60 2 Dairy 4 1.123 0.00333 67380 0.00333 0.00293 0.00319682 Arengama 73,825 109,080.35 248 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Weya Ogeto Gembo 61 1 Dairy 2 1.518 0.00450 91080 0.004501 0.001465 0.00348928 Arengama 1 147,650 119,059.59 249 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Geleta Dibo Edao 36 1 Dairy 6 1 0.00296 60000 0.002965 0.004396 0.00344207 Kello 5 73,825 117,448.50 164 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 250 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Tidege Gabaho geshe 30 2 Dairy 3 1.17559 0.00348 70535.4 0.003486 0.002198 0.00305659 Kello 6 147,650 104,295.26 251 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Luku Shanko Wotiye 26 2 Dairy 5 0.24612 0.00073 14767.2 0.00073 0.003663 0.00170755 Kello 73,825 58,264.07 252 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Abrahim Tuke Oliye 26 1 Dairy 5 0.33017 0.00097 19810.2 0.000979 0.003663 0.0018737 Kello 9 73,825 63,933.55 253 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Fayisa Egato Makessa 40 1 Dairy 8 0.777 0.00230 46620 0.002304 0.005861 0.00348963 Kello 4 73,825 119,071.29 254 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Bati Erkisoo Dubee 38 1 Dairy 6 1.184 0.00351 71040 0.003511 0.004396 0.00380581 Kello 1 147,650 129,859.98 255 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Qonxee Egatoo Makessaa 30 1 Dairy 5 0.37 0.00109 22200 0.001097 0.003663 0.00195244 Kello 7 73,825 66,620.23 256 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Kadir Dadefo roba 35 1 Dairy 2 1.583 0.00469 94980 0.004694 0.001465 0.00361778 Kello 4 147,650 123,444.08 257 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Kadir Mendaye Dike 42 1 Dairy 0 1.961 0.00581 117660 0.005815 0 0.00387664 Kello 5 221,475 132,276.61 258 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Nuritu Tefo Ogeto 25 1 Dairy 2 1.679 0.00497 100740 0.004979 0.001465 0.00380756 Kello 9 221,475 129,919.63 259 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Milkeso BUNI Kufa 39 1 Dairy 0 0.764 0.00226 45840 0.002265 0 0.00151033 Kello 5 73,825 51,534.59 260 ATJK Desta Abijata Abdalaa Babsoo 40 1 Dairy 5 1.21895 0.00361 73137 0.003615 0.003663 0.0036307 5 147,650 123,885.00 261 ATJK Desta Abijata Abdasaa Guyyee 40 1 Dairy 7 1.09095 0.00323 65457 0.003235 0.005128 0.00386606 5 73,825 131,915.89 262 ATJK Desta Abijata AbbateeQabatoo bedalane 30 1 Dairy 10 0.75 0.00222 45000 0.002224 0.007326 0.00392465 4 73,825 133,914.99 263 ATJK Desta Abijata Sisaa Dorii Koya 58 1 Dairy 5 0.95945 0.00284 57567 0.002845 0.003663 0.00311771 5 73,825 106,380.78 264 ATJK Desta Abijata Karayu Ialdu Kebeto 35 1 Dairy 2 0.6723 0.00199 40338 0.001994 0.001465 0.00181745 4 73,825 62,014.04 265 ATJK Desta Abijata Jemal Guye Edao 30 1 Dairy 3 0.4557 0.00135 27342 0.001351 0.002198 0.00163346 1 73,825 55,736.06 266 ATJK Desta Abijata Daluu Towolde kebeto 30 1 Dairy 5 2.1174 0.00627 127044 0.006279 0.003663 0.00540682 9 221,475 184,488.74 267 ATJK Desta Abijata Daw Dhaqaboo 65 1 Dairy 8 2.72785 0.00808 163671 0.008089 0.005861 0.0073462 9 221,475 250,663.24 268 ATJK Desta Abijata Dhiro Besamo Hashone 48 1 Dairy 5 0.5874 0.00174 35244 0.001742 0.003663 0.00238221 2 73,825 81,284.65 269 ATJK Desta Abijata Adisha Tibeso Tuta 35 2 Dairy 1 0.2929 0.00086 17574 0.000869 0.000733 0.00082322 9 73,825 28,089.65 270 Arsi Negele Galef Kello AYU Bonge Tiyo 35 2 Dairy 2 0.667 0.00197 40020 0.001978 0.001465 0.00180697 8 73,825 61,656.54 165 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 271 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Remeto Bofe Kuchasa 37 1 Dairy 3 0.341 0.00101 20460 0.001011 0.002198 0.00140671 1 73,825 47,999.12 272 Arsi Negele Gubata Arjo Hameda Badhaso Ganamo 55 1 Dairy 0 1.25 0.00370 75000 0.003707 0 0.00247108 7 147,650 84,317.06 273 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Hirpho Waqoo Washoo 68 1 Dairy 11 2.7 0.00800 162000 0.008006 0.008059 0.00802374 6 221,475 273,782.09 274 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Tipru Tura Dekabi 50 1 Dairy 4 0.728 0.00215 43680 0.002159 0.00293 0.00241596 9 73,825 82,436.16 275 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Mohameda Tula Bedado 43 1 Dairy 4 1.082 0.00320 64920 0.003208 0.00293 0.00311577 8 73,825 106,314.75 276 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Galato Edao Hantuta 65 1 Dairy 0 0.576 0.00170 34560 0.001708 0 0.00113868 8 73,825 38,853.30 277 ATJK Halaku Ibrahim Geleto Gelegelu 55 1 Dairy 3 0.46643 0.00138 27985.98 0.001383 0.002198 0.00165468 Gulenta Boke 3 3 73,825 56,460.04 278 ATJK Halaku Husen Safewa Tamuni 40 1 Dairy 5 0.3509 0.00104 21054 0.001041 0.003663 0.00191468 Gulenta Boke 1 73,825 65,331.86 279 ATJK Hurufa Lole Bulbulaa Galgaalaa Dashaa 37 1 Dairy 8 1.347 0.00399 80820 0.003994 0.005861 0.00461644 4 147,650 157,519.87 280 ATJK Korme Bujure Farda Gobena bulo 50 1 Dairy 4 1.47246 0.00436 88348.08 0.004366 0.00293 0.00388767 8 6 147,650 132,653.24 281 ATJK Weyiso Kemal Bide 40 1 Dairy 6 0.53568 0.00158 32140.92 0.001588 0.004396 0.00252417 Kenchera 2 8 73,825 86,128.56 282 ATJK Wolicho Sadam Abeyu Bekere 36 1 Dairy 2 0.3801 0.00112 22806 0.001127 0.001465 0.00123981 Buramo 7 73,825 42,304.08 283 ATJK Wolicho Saba Tafi 30 1 Dairy 4 1.1545 0.00342 69270 0.003423 0.00293 0.00325909 Buramo 3 73,825 111,205.14 284 ATJK Wolicho Aman Tunani Negeso 27 1 Dairy 1 0.4257 0.00126 25542 0.001262 0.000733 0.00108575 Buramo 2 73,825 37,047.49 285 ATJK Wolicho Ramatu Edesa Kumbi 22 1 Dairy 1 0.70925 0.00210 42555 0.002103 0.000733 0.00164629 Buramo 3 73,825 56,173.98 286 ATJK Wolicho Guye Negeso Keketo 20 1 Dairy 2 0.449 0.00133 26940 0.001331 0.001465 0.00137601 Buramo 1 73,825 46,951.64 287 ATJK Wolicho Habib Abiyo Bekere 23 1 Dairy 4 0.4416 0.00130 26496 0.001309 0.00293 0.00184979 Buramo 9 73,825 63,117.43 288 ATJK Adola Chebi Badhatu Guddata 40 1 Local 5 1.67027 0.00495 100216.4 0.004953 0.003663 0.00452291 transport 4 3 114,600 154,328.46 289 ATJK Adola Chebi Gebewo Gada 43 1 Local 6 0.55334 0.00164 33200.88 0.001641 0.004396 0.0025591 transport 8 1 63,300 87,320.20 290 ATJK Adola Chebi Nuri Kawate Kabato 37 1 Local 0 0.46627 0.00138 27976.26 0.001383 0 0.00092176 transport 1 3 63,300 31,451.68 291 ATJK Adola Chebi Roba Nagu Guja 37 1 Local 3 0.65865 0.00195 39519.36 0.001953 0.002198 0.00203468 transport 6 3 63,300 69,426.18 166 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 292 ATJK Arba Nuguse Moche Mina 37 1 Local 7 0.57667 0.00171 34600.32 0.00171 0.005128 0.00284941 transport 2 63,300 97,225.96 293 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Bushara Hamu Megerso 45 1 Local 5 2.23865 0.00663 134319 0.006638 0.003663 0.00564652 Arengama transport 8 114,600 192,667.49 294 ATJK Desta Abijata Holfe Meshesha Bonte 35 2 Local 2 1.0664 0.00316 63984 0.003162 0.001465 0.00259653 transport 2 88,950 88,597.52 295 ATJK Desta Abijata Kadiir Doorii Koya 32 1 Local 3 0.53805 0.00159 32283 0.001595 0.002198 0.00179625 transport 5 63,300 61,290.86 296 ATJK Desta Abijata Fayisoo Gammada 45 1 Local 4 0.43 0.00127 25800 0.001275 0.00293 0.00182685 transport 5 63,300 62,334.97 297 ATJK Desta Abijata Qura Soute Dinse 36 1 Local 7 0.75 0.00222 45000 0.002224 0.005128 0.00319205 transport 4 88,950 108,917.57 298 ATJK Desta Abijata Alutoo Dauu 40 1 Local 6 0.678 0.00201 40680 0.00201 0.004396 0.00280552 transport 63,300 95,728.43 299 ATJK Desta Abijata Kedir Demu Shuke 44 1 Local 2 0.63595 0.00188 38157 0.001886 0.001465 0.00174559 transport 6 63,300 59,562.10 300 ATJK Desta Abijata Shenbe Kewe Bune 60 2 Local 1 0.7 0.00207 42000 0.002076 0.000733 0.00162801 transport 6 63,300 55,550.03 301 ATJK Desta Abijata Kufa Deketi 50 1 Local 4 0.663 0.00196 39780 0.001966 0.00293 0.00228746 transport 6 63,300 78,051.67 302 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Kadir Mude Ayano 52 1 Local 0 0.298 0.00088 17880 0.000884 0 0.00058911 transport 4 63,300 20,101.19 303 ATJK Wolicho Shube Sero Oso 50 2 Local 2 0.46465 0.00137 27879 0.001378 0.001465 0.00140695 Buramo transport 8 63,300 48,007.29 304 ATJK Wolicho Fayiso Haji Badhadha 25 1 Local 0 0.41455 0.00122 24873 0.001229 0 0.00081951 Buramo transport 9 63,300 27,962.91 305 ATJK Wolicho Kadir Guyyaa Dhegebo 40 1 Local 6 0.742 0.0022 44520 0.0022 0.004396 0.00293204 Buramo transport 63,300 100,045.46 306 ATJK Wolicho Kabada Qufa Badhadha 45 1 Local 19 0.5669 0.00168 34014 0.001681 0.013919 0.00576049 Buramo transport 1 63,300 196,556.51 307 ATJK Wolicho Fayiso Gammachu Dararo 40 1 Local 6 0.84865 0.00251 50919 0.002517 0.004396 0.00314287 Buramo transport 7 88,950 107,239.39 308 ATJK Wolicho Gose Benti Tufa 35 1 Local 4 0.7422 0.00220 44532 0.002201 0.00293 0.00244403 Buramo transport 1 63,300 83,394.00 309 ATJK Adola Chebi Farda Hisata 36 1 Grain 5 0.81165 0.00240 48699.48 0.002407 0.003663 0.00282554 trade 8 7 55,800 96,411.67 310 ATJK Adola Chebi Nura Tukuu 59 1 Grain 1 0.60717 0.0018 36430.44 0.0018 0.000733 0.0014445 trade 4 55,800 49,288.58 311 ATJK Arba Nelumidhaso Dalu 52 1 Grain 10 1.14975 0.00340 68985.3 0.003409 0.007326 0.00471492 trade 5 9 82,200 160,879.93 312 Arsi Negele Daka Dalu Hamdino Borena Gelgelo 50 1 Grain 2 0.769 0.00228 46140 0.00228 0.001465 0.00200861 Arengama trade 55,800 68,536.81 167 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 313 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Biqila Akako Hebanu 60 1 Grain 4 3.33285 0.00988 199971 0.009883 0.00293 0.0075654 Kello trade 3 201,000 258,142.80 314 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Dasta Roba Benkalcho 36 1 Grain 3 0.715 0.00212 42900 0.00212 0.002198 0.00214606 Kello trade 55,800 73,226.79 315 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Kufe Rafiso Gazika 40 1 Grain 3 0.57 0.00169 34200 0.00169 0.002198 0.00185942 Kello trade 55,800 63,446.01 316 ATJK Desta Abijata Shamo Lahima Meka 62 1 Grain 0 2.2164 0.00657 132984 0.006572 0 0.00438153 trade 2 135,000 149,504.27 317 ATJK Desta Abijata Madeso Bulo Takaki 45 1 Grain 3 0.9886 0.00293 59316 0.002931 0.002198 0.00268693 trade 1 82,200 91,682.11 318 ATJK Desta Abijata Amano Shume Bedhdha 37 1 Grain 0 0.30325 0.00089 18195 0.000899 0 0.00059948 trade 9 55,800 20,455.32 319 ATJK Desta Abijata Kadiir Tonee Ankushee 30 1 Grain 9 1.60915 0.00477 96549 0.004772 0.006593 0.00537888 trade 2 82,200 183,535.32 320 ATJK Desta Abijata Annaa Dooni Kata 40 1 Grain 5 0.7833 0.00232 46998 0.002323 0.003663 0.00276948 trade 3 55,800 94,498.82 321 ATJK Desta Abijata Boonii Doonii koya 62 1 Grain 6 1.08495 0.00321 65097 0.003217 0.004396 0.00361 trade 7 82,200 123,178.69 322 ATJK Desta Abijata Badhaasa Wabbisoo Elmayo 32 1 Grain 6 0.8259 0.00244 49554 0.002449 0.004396 0.0030979 trade 9 55,800 105,704.82 323 ATJK Desta Abijata Taadee Qabataa Dens 55 1 Grain 4 0.51445 0.00152 30867 0.001525 0.00293 0.0019938 trade 5 55,800 68,031.43 324 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Rametu Jado Guraris 28 1 Grain 4 0.447 0.00132 26820 0.001325 0.00293 0.00186046 trade 5 55,800 63,481.68 325 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Bashir Bati Badado 33 1 Grain 5 0.578 0.00171 34680 0.001714 0.003663 0.00236363 trade 4 55,800 80,650.59 326 ATJK Korme Bujure Bariso Kersi harkeso 56 1 Grain 3 1.61996 0.00480 97198.14 0.004804 0.002198 0.00393506 trade 9 4 82,200 134,270.25 327 ATJK Wolicho Galgelu Beti Fugesa 23 1 Grain 1 0.57765 0.00171 34659 0.001713 0.000733 0.00138614 Buramo trade 3 55,800 47,297.08 328 ATJK Wolicho Gene Tuneni Negeso 35 1 Grain 2 0.55655 0.00165 33393 0.00165 0.001465 0.00158863 Buramo trade 55,800 54,206.28 329 ATJK Anano Shisho Gerbe Huluka Geraru 60 1 Fruit & 6 0.69728 0.00206 41837.16 0.002068 0.004396 0.00284364 Veg 6 8 80,500 97,029.34 330 ATJK Anano Shisho Kadir Dubeso Roba 62 1 Fruit & 3 0.79971 0.00237 47982.96 0.002371 0.002198 0.00231353 Veg 6 1 80,500 78,941.19 331 ATJK Arba Waribo Gaguro Utaa 50 1 Fruit & 6 1.48243 0.00439 88945.86 0.004396 0.004396 0.00439577 Veg 1 6 80,500 149,990.24 332 ATJK Arba Tejitu Meknigo Heseni 40 2 Fruit & 7 1.73198 0.00513 103919 0.005136 0.005128 0.0051333 Veg 3 6 80,500 175,155.90 333 Arsi Negele Daka Hora Teneshu Hamda Banta 65 1 Fruit & 9 5.6708 0.01681 340248 0.016816 0.006593 0.01340822 Kello Veg 6 107,000 457,508.44 168 Need Assessment and Livelihood Restoration Plan FINAL REPORT Phase II Ziway-Hawassa Highway Project LOT 3: Ziway-Arsi-Negele (57.1km) Road Section Project 334 ATJK Desta Abijata Kadiir Xiyyiti Safao 40 1 Fruit & 5 0.9798 0.00290 58788 0.002905 0.003663 0.00315794 Veg 5 80,500 107,753.46 335 ATJK Desta Abijata Ilmaa Doorii koya 35 1 Fruit & 8 0.3477 0.00103 20862 0.001031 0.005861 0.00264096 Veg 1 54,000 90,113.44 336 ATJK Desta Abijata Dhabii sossobo hemo 67 1 Fruit & 10 2 0.00593 120000 0.005931 0.007326 0.00639574 Veg 1 1,000 218,232.06 337 ATJK Desta Abijata Bontei H/Negessu 50 2 Fruit & 1 1.2494 0.00370 74964 0.003705 0.000733 0.0027141 Veg 5 80,500 92,609.07 338 ATJK Desta Abijata Hussen Tohna Gebaba 25 1 Fruit & 4 0.7511 0.00222 45066 0.002227 0.00293 0.00246163 Veg 7 80,500 83,994.34 339 ATJK Desta Abijata Negesso Hussen 42 1 Fruit & 5 1.2118 0.00359 72708 0.003593 0.003663 0.00361657 Veg 3 80,500 123,402.71 340 ATJK Desta Abijata Ahmed kealo Edemo 27 1 Fruit & 2 0.40755 0.00120 24453 0.001209 0.001465 0.00129407 Veg 9 54,000 44,155.69 341 ATJK Desta Abijata Beshiro gebeo boru 50 1 Fruit & 3 1.55520 0.00461 93312.36 0.004612 0.002198 0.00380704 Veg 6 2 80,500 129,901.75 342 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Aman Godena urgo 30 1 Fruit & 5 3.099 0.00918 185940 0.009189 0.003663 0.00734731 Veg 9 107,000 250,701.24 343 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Aami Gurre Badhan 35 2 Fruit & 4 1.423 0.00422 85380 0.00422 0.00293 0.00378988 Veg 80,500 129,316.45 344 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Remet Jado Gurari 30 1 Fruit & 2 0.447 0.00132 26820 0.001325 0.001465 0.00137206 Veg 5 54,000 46,816.73 345 Arsi Negele Galef Kello Sojato Ula Golibcha 39 1 Fruit & 3 0.722 0.00214 43320 0.002141 0.002198 0.0021599 Veg 1 80,500 73,698.96 346 Arsi Negele Hadha Baso Gabre Balcha Merkamo 50 1 Fruit & 3 0.507 0.00150 30420 0.001503 0.002198 0.00173487 Veg 3 54,000 59,196.43 347 ATJK Halaku Bobaso E/Gemedo Tilago 60 1 Fruit & 6 1.22432 0.00363 73459.68 0.003631 0.004396 0.00388554 Gulenta Boke Veg 8 1 80,500 132,580.25 348 ATJK Wolicho Amina Mieso 40 2 Fruit & 1 0.35725 0.00105 21435 0.001059 0.000733 0.00095044 Buramo Veg 9 54,000 32,430.29 TOTAL 1365 337.233 1 20234035 1 1 1 9 34,121,488 34,121,488 169