Japan–World Bank Program FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ANNUAL REPORT 21-22 Democratic Republic of Congo. Photo: Alphorom This Annual Report covers the period between July 1, 2021, and April 15, 2022. It will be submitted for review at the Ninth Program Steering Committee Meeting, which will be held in Japan on June 21, 2022. B JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Contents ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................... 5 Structure of the Report .....................................................................................................................8 SECTION. PROGRESS OF PROGRAM ACTIVITIES IN FY22 ......................... 9 1.1 Program Overview........................................................................................................................9 1.2 Component 1 – Country Program............................................................................................9 1.2.1 Portfolio Overview..............................................................................................................9 1.2.2 Sectoral Distribution ......................................................................................................12 1.2.3 Regional Distribution of Financing .............................................................................14 1.2.4 Just-In-Time Window......................................................................................................16 1.3 Component 2 – Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub.................................................. 17 1.3.1 Experts Engagement......................................................................................................20 1.3.2 Partnerships..................................................................................................................... 24 1.3.3 Knowledge and Outreach............................................................................................. 27 SECTION 2. RESULTS MONITORING................................................................ 31 2.1 Overall Results............................................................................................................................31 2.1.1 Results Against Work Plan............................................................................................ 34 2.1.2 Results Against Sendai Framework Priorities......................................................... 35 2.2 Beneficiaries............................................................................................................................... 35 SECTION 3. RESULTS IN RESILIENCE..............................................................36 Priority 1: Resilient Infrastructure..................................................................................... 36 3.1 Advancing Resilient Road Transport in Upper Egypt...................................................... 36 3.1.1 Background/Context ................................................................................................... 36 3.1.2. Description....................................................................................................................... 37 3.1.3. Results..............................................................................................................................38 Priority 2: Risk Identification, Risk Reduction and Preparedness................................ 39 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 1 3.2 Hydromet Services Improve Disaster Resilience ............................................................. 39 3.2.1 Background/Context ..................................................................................................... 39 3.2.2 Description....................................................................................................................... 39 3.2.3 Results .............................................................................................................................. 41 Priority 3: Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance.............................................................. 42 3.3. Enabling Next Generation Analytics for Financial Protection of Resilient Infrastructure in Southeast Asia ......................................................................................... 42 3.3.1 Background/Context..................................................................................................... 42 3.3.2 Description....................................................................................................................... 42 3.3.3 Results.............................................................................................................................. 43 ANNEX 1. WORLD BANK INVESTMENTS INFLUENCED DURING FY22..........................................................................................................45 ANNEX 2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT...................................................................56 ANNEX 3. LIST OF JAPANESE EXPERT ENGAGEMENT AND EVENTS ....57 ANNEX 4. STATUS OF FY22 TA GRANTS IN PIPELINE, AS OF MAY 31, 2022......................................................................................................... 66 2 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Abbreviations AFR Africa Region JMA Japan Meteorological Agency APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation LAC Latin America and Caribbean Region ADSS Agrometeorological Decision Support System LDRRMPs Local Disaster Risk and Reduction Plans BRCA Building Regulatory Capacity Assessment M&E Monitoring and Evaluation BRR Building Regulations for Resilience MENA Middle East and North Africa Region Cat-DDO Catastrophe-Deferred Drawdown Option MINED Nicaraguan Ministry of Education CoP Community of Practice MLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and CMP Coastal Management Plan Tourism DRFI Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance MoEUCC Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change of Turkey DRM Disaster Risk Management MoF Ministry of Finance DRR Disaster Risk Reduction MOFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs EAP East Asia and Pacific Region MSIP Multi-sector Investment Plan ECA Europe and Central Asia Region NCHM National Center for Hydrology and Meteorology EOC Emergency Operations Center of Bhutan EP&R Emergency Preparedness and Response O&M Operations and Maintenance EWS Early Warning System PAD Project Appraisal Document FCI GP Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global PBA Philippine Building Act Practice PPE Public-Private Engagement FDMA Fire and Disaster Management Agency PWRI Public Works Research Institute FY Fiscal Year R2R Ready to Rebuild GEJE Great East Japan Earthquake RAMS Road Asset Management System GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery RI Resilient Infrastructure GIF Global Infrastructure Facility RIR Results in Resilience GoJ Government of Japan RHS Resilient Health Systems GoN Government of Nepal QAQC Quality Assurance and Quality Control GP Global Practice QII Quality Infrastructure Investment GPRI Global Program for Resilient Infrastructure SIDS Small Island Developing States GPURL Urban, Resilience and Land Global Practice SAR South Asia Region GREZ Green and Resilient Economic Zone SEADRIF South-East Asia Disaster Risk Insurance Facility HEPR Health Emergency Preparedness and Response STC Short Term Consultant HNP Health, Nutrition, and Population TA Technical Assistance ICHARM International Centre for Water Hazard TDD Technical Deep Dive ICT Information and Communications Technology TDLC Tokyo Development Learning Center IDA International Development Association UNDRR UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction IDI Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization IDJ International Development Journal UR Understanding Risk IWT Inland Water Transport (India) WACA West Africa Coastal Areas Management IUFRM Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management Program JHF Japan Housing Finance Agency WBG World Bank Group JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency WSS Water Supply and Sanitation JIT Just-in-Time All dollar amounts are US dollars unless otherwise indicated. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 3 School children in El Salvador. © Global Program for Safer Schools / World Bank 4 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Annual Report presents the progress and achievements made under the Japan– World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in Developing Countries (hereinafter referred as the Program) from the period between July 1, 2021, and April 15, 2022.1 Progress was measured against the objectives of the Program and the targets stated in the Fiscal Year 22 (FY22) Work Plan submitted to the Ministry of Finance (MoF) Japan in June 2021. Key Highlights of FY22 As natural disasters continue to impact people worldwide, the Program continues to play a critical role in preparing countries to be strategically prepared and mitigate and manage disaster risks. When the Kingdom of Tonga was hit by a devastating volcanic eruption and tsunami this year on January 15, the Government was able to access emergency response funding through the Tonga Second Resilience Development Policy Operation with a Catastrophe- Deferred Drawdown Option (Cat-DDO). Leading up to the establishment of the Cat-DDO, the Japan Program supported the “Pacific Resilience Program (PREP) - Tonga - GFDRR Co-financing Grant (TF0A1232)”, which helped Tonga to develop emergency operations centers for use when disasters like this strike, and to help prepare the Government for similar emergencies. In the Philippines, the Japan Program grant “Building a Culture of Disaster Preparedness at the Local Level (TF0B3960)”, helped the establishment of the Ready to Rebuild (R2R) Program, which helped build the capacity of governors, mayors, disaster risk management officers, planners, and budget officers to better design and implement pre- disaster recovery plans. Drawing from lessons learned from Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, the R2R Program also provides a framework on how to prepare people, communities, and local governments to be more resilient and ready to respond and recover from disasters better and faster. When Typhoon Rai hit the Philippines in 2021, the R2R Program helped ensure that the government was prepared. The government leveraged the program to quickly support provinces and cities in developing their recovery plans, implement reconstruction projects, and leverage funding support. This complements the $200 million in disaster response and recovery support from the World Bank’s Fourth DRM Development Policy Loan with a Catastrophe-Deferred Drawdown Option (CAT-DDO 4) standby loan facility. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 5 Supporting Resilience Across Sectors through Program Phase 2 in Times of Compounding Risks In FY22, MoF disbursed the third tranche of its contribution ($20 million) as the Program commenced the fourth year of its renewed phase. Key highlights of Program activities in FY22 include: ● By April 15, 2022, the Program approved 28 (including 7 Just-In-Time [JIT] grants) technical assistance (TA) grants amounting to $10.39 million under the Country Program (Component 1) and $0.75 million under the Tokyo DRM Hub (Component 2). An additional 21 grants amounting to $9.29 million are in the pipeline for approval under the Country Program. ● Partnerships with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (MOFA) remain of high importance to the Program. All 21 submitted proposals, excluding JIT proposals benefited from technical inputs from JICA and MOFA counterparts. ● As of April 15, 2022, the Program’s total portfolio including both components across the two trust funds (Phase 1 and 2) consisting of 224 TA grants, including both active and closed, with a total allocation of $ 150,090,4701. ● Of the $10.39 million Country Program financing committed thus far in FY22, 78 percent contribute to Resilient Infrastructure; 22 percent to Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness2. ● 73 percent ($5 million) of approved Country Program resources supported grants led by non-DRM World Bank Global Practices (GPs), such as Water (40 percent), Energy (16 percent), Transport (16 percent), and Digital Development (1 percent)3. ● Through grants approved in FY22, the Program is estimated to inform a portfolio of approximately $2.21 billion4 of World Bank investment projects under implementation. Out of the $2.21 billion, $2.13 billion or 96 percent5 is anticipated to be in non-DRM sectors (Transport, Water, Energy, and Agriculture and Food GPs). 1   This figure includes Country Program grants, Tokyo DRM Hub grants (Country Program Support and Knowl- edge Program Support), and other grants including the most recent Global Program for Resilient Health Sys- tems ($1 million out of the $2 million contribution is included here) across both Phase 1 and Phase 2 (Trustees TF072129 and TF073236) Trust Funds. 2   Although activities under Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance continued in FY22, there was no new alloca- tion made to the grant. 3   This figure includes grants that were approved under FY22 Work Plan. 4   This figure is the total amount of World Bank (IBRD and IDA) investment projects informed by TA grants approved in FY22 under the FY22 Work Plan. The figures were taken from the grant proposals and are there- fore anticipated. 5   Figures are based on leading Global Practice of investment projects. 6 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ● Grants approved in FY22 are anticipated to support the mainstreaming of resilience within 14 World Bank operations under preparation, which amounts to $2.02 billion6 of planned new lending. ● The Program has influenced a total of $28.28 billion in World Bank investments to date since its inception in 20147. ● During FY22, the Program continued to expand and develop new engagements between client countries, Japanese experts, and World Bank Task Teams. The Program enabled the mobilization of 76 Japanese experts in FY22 to support knowledge exchanges between client countries, and the design and implementation of Japan Program TA activities and World Bank investment projects. ● This year, with a $2 million contribution from MoF, the new Global Program for Climate and Disaster Risk Management for Health Systems (DRM4HS) was initiated by the Tokyo DRM Hub. The DRM4HS is creating a platform for two global practices, the Urban, Disaster Risk Management, Resilience and Land Global Practice and the Global Practice for Health, Nutrition and Population, to work together more operationally in client countries. The health team is proceeding to engage Japanese health experts to support the integration of Japanese knowledge in activities implemented by the DRM4HS. ● Based on Hub’s work to integrate resilience into World Bank infrastructure investments during the first years of Phase 2, demand has increased significantly from task teams and country clients over the past few years. In FY22, the Hub started to partner with the Global Program for Resilient Infrastructure (GPRI), established within GFDRR, in order to expand technical capacity to respond to these demands, scale up support, and integrate further Japanese expertise in World Bank investment projects. In the first year, the GPRI together with the Tokyo DRM Hub, designed and implemented the Resilient Infrastructure Technical Deep Dive (TDD) through which technical inputs were provided to task teams. The objective of this TDD was to leverage Japanese and global expertise toward the development of resilient infrastructure against natural hazards and weather-related disasters across the world. The GPRI also provided additional technical support to several countries, including Cambodia, Morocco, Comoros, and Kyrgyzstan, through supported grants. ● In FY22, 51 out of 110 grants supported by the Program reported utilizing Program commissioned knowledge products8. For example, the Japanese approach to modernizing hydromet systems, captured in the report “Background on Hydrological 6   This figure is the total amount of World Bank (IBRD and IDA) investment projects informed by TA grants approved in FY22 under the FY22 Work Plan. The figures were taken from the grant proposals and are there- fore anticipated. 7  The cumulative influencing amount for both project implementation and preparation ($28.28 billion for overall Program) was based on the grant reporting in GFDRR’s Monitoring and Evaluation platform (including all cycles since inception of the platform) reporting on already active grants approved in previous fiscal years and figures already reported in “2017-2018 Annual Report” and the Mid-term Review Report of Phase 1. The cumulative influencing amount including all sources of financing (i.e. IBRD, IDA, counterpart financing, co-fi- nancing by other MDBs, private sector funding) is $40.66 billion. 8   This data was taken from the reporting cycles of FY21-B and FY22-A in GFDRR’s M&E platform. The 110 grants is the number of grants which reported in M&E platform during these two cycles. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 7 Services in Japan and Lessons for Developing Countries” informed activities for the grant, “River Basin Management for Resilient Water Security in the Dry Corridor (TF0B5395)”. ● Sendai Framework priorities are critical principles and guidelines that inform all TA grants financed by the Program. The Program continues to monitor grant progress and results throughout implementation against the Sendai Framework’s four priorities of action. All grants approved in FY22 contribute to one or more of the Framework’s four priorities. Structure of the Report SECTION 1: Provides the overall progress of the Program’s Phase 2 Trust Fund activities in FY22 for the Country Program and the Tokyo DRM Hub components. SECTION 2: Provides details on the Program’s results and achievements against its objectives, the Sendai Framework, and Program priority areas. It also includes FY22 results on Japanese expert engagement and total beneficiaries of Japan Program TA grants approved in FY22. SECTION 3: Highlights key stories of impact and results from the Program-financed grants. Finally, the Annexes include detailed data from the Program, which supports the information and analysis provided in the three sections mentioned above. 8 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SECTION 1 PROGRESS OF PROGRAM ACTIVITIES IN FY22 1.1 Program Overview This section provides an overview of the Program’s grants and finances along its two components, which are defined below in Box 1. Box 1: Program Components As of April 15, 2022, in FY22 the Program approved 28 (21 Country Program and 7 JIT) new grants under the Country Program across the two priority areas of Resilient Infrastructure and Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness. These grants totaled $10.39 million. An additional $9.29 million are in the pipeline for approval under the Country Program by end of June 2022. The Program contributed 93 percent ($10.39 million) toward Component 1, the Country Program, and 7 percent ($0.75 million) toward Component 2, the Tokyo DRM Hub. In FY22, newly approved grants were provided to a total of 259 countries. The breakdown is as follows: 7 in Africa (AFR) (Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania); 4 in East Asia and Pacific (EAP) (Cambodia, Thai- land, Timor-Leste, Vietnam); 2 in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) (Tajikistan, Turkey); 4 in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) (Brazil, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Nicaragua); 4 in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) (Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia); and 4 in South Asia (SAR) (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka). The total number of countries supported by the Program since its inception in 2014 is 100. Buses go by in the Central Business District, Kigali, Rwanda. © Kelley Lynch / World Bank 1.2 Component 1 – Country Program *Note: Figures under Section 1.2 Component 1 – Country Program include data for grants that were approved during the reporting period but were planned under FY21 Work Plan. 1.2.1 Portfolio Overview Program-funded activities continue to serve as catalysts towards the strengthening of resilience in client countries, increasing the World Bank’s capacity to support developing   Duplicated countries are not included in this total figure. 9 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 9 countries in mainstreaming DRM into national development planning and investment programs. The Program continued to scale up activities in FY22 to meet country and sector demands to enhance the resilience of infrastructure assets and systems; strengthen DRM and the preparedness capacities of institutions and governance processes; and develop and apply disaster risk financing and insurance solutions to help governments enhance financial resilience. In FY22, out of 28 new Country Program grants amounting to $10.39 million, 78 percent contributed to Resilient Infrastructure; 22 percent to Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness, as of April 15, 2022 (figure 1). The Hub has been responding to increasing demands from task teams as client countries focus on the post-COVID-19 recovery. Seen as vital for economic and social progress, investments in basic infrastructure (Transport, Water and Energy) have been prioritized by the World Bank with the design of the Green, Inclusive and Resilient Development (GRID) initiative. Both Resilient Infrastructure grant windows (i.e., annual Call for Proposals and JIT) have been in high demand by task teams with the submission of 44 and 24 proposals during FY22, respectively. Figure 1 FY22 Allocation by Priority Area for Component 1, Country Program (calculated by US$ amount) Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness $2,275,000 22% Resilient Infrastructure $8,115,000 78% 10 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Table 1 Grants Approved in FY22 under the Country Program (as of April 15, 2022) Value in US$, # TA Grants Country millions Resilient Infrastructure 1 Ghana Resilient Power Infrastructure Ghana 0.45 Nigeria: Supporting the Storage Agenda for a More Resilient 2 Nigeria 0.60 Development Strengthening the Integration of Disaster Risk Management 3 Rwanda 0.50 and Resilience into the Public Transport System in Kigali Mekong River Basin 3D Program: Resilient Dams, 4 Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam 0.25* Development and Downstream Communities 5 Improving Resilience of Water Supply Services in Timor-Leste Timor-Leste 0.45 Increasing the Climate Adaptation and Resilience of the 6 Turkey 0.60 Power Transmission System: Wind and Ice Load Mapping Turkey - Strengthening Seismic Resilience and Energy 7 Turkey 0.825* Efficiency in Public Buildings Strengthening Disaster Risk Management and Resilience of 8 Urban Water and Sanitation Services, and Dam Safety in the Dominican Republic 0.57 Dominican Republic Improving Adaptability and Readiness of Housing Programs 9 Mexico 0.40 to Disasters and Climate Change Related Events in Mexico 10 Building Resilient Infrastructure and Housing in Iraq Iraq 0.50* Disaster Resilient Amman Bus Rapid Transit Phase 2 Public 11 Jordan 0.50 Private Partnership Strengthening Resilient Infrastructure in Morocco and 12 Morocco and Tunisia 0.50* Tunisia Scale-up and Consolidation of Urban Resilience Institutions 13 Bangladesh 0.50* in Bangladesh Building Resilience in Assam India: Integrated Water and 14 India 0.44 Flood Risk Management PUNJAB (Pakistan): Improving Disaster Risk Management 15 Pakistan 0.56 Capacity in Punjab Total amount 7.645 Just-In-Time Risk Resilient Network Infrastructure for Last-mile 16 Ghana 0.07 Connectivity 17 Mali – Resilient and Inclusive Power Sector Development Mali 0.07 Water Resilience and Disaster Risk Preparedness for Dar es 18 Tanzania 0.05 Salaam Strengthening Resilience and Safety of Road Infrastructure 19 Tajikistan 0.07 in Tajikistan Brazil: Support Pernambuco State Government in the 20 Development of Resiliency towards Water-scarcity Brazil 0.07 Challenges and Rural Sanitation Mainstreaming Disaster and Climate Resilience in Critical 21 Nicaragua 0.07 Infrastructure after Hurricanes Eta and Iota in Nicaragua Enhancing Resilient Urban Infrastructure Investments and 22 India 0.07 Flood Risk Management in Surat, India 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 11 Value in US$, # TA Grants Country millions Total amount 0.47 Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness 23 Kenya Resilient Urban Areas Kenya 0.40 24 Liberia Urban Resilience Technical Assistance Liberia 0.40 Building Disaster Resilience of the Angkor World Heritage 25 Cambodia 0.225* Site DRM Institutional Strengthening and Resilience Investment 26 Options for the rural sector in the Tonle Sap region, Cambodia 0.50 Cambodia 27 Resilient Industries to Enhance Competitiveness in Vietnam Vietnam 0.50* Climate Resilient Flood Risk Management in Priority Basins 28 Sri Lanka 0.25* and Cities Total amount 2.275 Total of all Program Priority Areas 10.39 Note: The asterisks next to grant amounts indicate the grants that were approved during the reporting period, but were initially allocated under FY21 Work Plan, and used roll-over budget. 1.2.2 Sectoral Distribution The Program is continuing to actively expand TA activities to a wider range of sectors and partner GPs across the World Bank, to further advance DRM mainstreaming across sectors. Overall, the Program allocated 55 percent ($5.75 million) of approved Country Program resources to grants led by non-DRM World Bank GPs such as Water (29 percent), Energy (11 percent), Transport (10 percent), FCI (5 percent), and Digital Development (1 percent)10. 10   The detailed breakdown totaling 55 percent is: Water (28.78 percent, $2,990,000), Energy (10.78 percent, $1,120,000), Transport (10.30 percent, $1,070,000), FCI (4.81 percent, $500,000), and Digital Development (0.67 percent, $70,000). 12 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Box 2. The Three Priorities for Grants Priority 1: Resilient Infrastructure finances grant activities that help in- tegrate disaster risk management (DRM) principles and processes into infrastructure investments. Activities foster: (i) a life cycle approach to infrastructure resilience; (ii) the adoption of risk-informed solutions in the planning, design, management, and emergency contingency preparedness of infrastructure investments; and (iii) the strengthening of the institutional and regulatory capacities of implementing entities. To ensure support across all quality infrastructure principles, the Hub also actively coordinates with the Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII) Partnership Trust Fund to plan upstream engagements and share TA requests for all activities not linked to resilient infrastructure. Priority 2: Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness financ- es grant activities that help strengthen the comprehensive approaches to enhance risk identification, risk reduction, and preparedness in developing countries, including capacities of communities, governments and national DRM agencies on: (i) risk information, (ii) hydromet services and early warn- ing systems (EWS), (iii) resilient social protection and inclusion, and (v) emer- gency preparedness and prompt response (EP&R) post disaster. Priority 3: Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance (DRFI) finances grant activities that help advance policy in global and regional forums, as well as the application of DRFI in the country, particularly through designing and implementing financial solutions for countries and regions to better manage disaster risks and safeguard critical infrastructure and public/private assets. Workers maintain thermal power station in Ghana © Jonathan Ernst / World Bank Under Priority 1, the grants contributing to resilient water under the Water GP were allocated the most funding, at 29 percent ($2.99 million), followed by 28 percent ($2.865 million) to urban infrastructure, and then to energy at 11 percent ($1.12 million). This was followed by transport at 10 percent ($1.07 million), and digital development at 1 percent ($0.07 million). Under Priority Area 2, 18 percent ($1.875 million) of the funds were allocated to DRM, followed by 4 percent to urban ($0.4 million). The full FY22 envelope under resilient infrastructure (Priority 1) has been committed. The Resilient Infrastructure window has been addressing incoming demands from infrastructure related Global Practices (GP). Close to 30 percent of the allocation was awarded to the Water GP as many World Bank operations address extreme water- triggered events (i.e. floods, flashfloods, landslides, etc.). With Transport and Energy GPs allocated an average of 10 percent of grant resources each, the Japan Program endeavors to bridge technical gaps and increase interest for all infrastructure GPs at the WBG. This will potentially contribute to promoting enhanced cross-GP collaboration as well as break potential remaining siloed approaches. In addition, the Program aims 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 13 at improving its technical evaluation of grant proposals and implementation support for grants with the goal of building local capacity to address climate and disaster risks from a multi-hazard perspective. Such an approach is key for the Program to address compounding extreme event impacts as well as the urgency posed by the climate agenda. A final example of innovation in the Resilient Infrastructure window is the award of an experimental digital development grant under the JIT window to allow the development of resilient communication infrastructure, which can contribute to the operation of energy, water, and transport systems. Figure 2 FY22 Sectoral Funding Distribution (calculated by US$ amount) Total: $10,390,000 $- $500,000 $1,000,000 $1,500,000 $2,000,000 $2,500,000 $3,000,000 $3,500,000 Digital Development $70,000 Resilient Infrastructure Energy $1,120,000 Transport $1,070,000 Priority Area Urban $2,865,000 Water $2,990,000 Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, DRM $1,875,000 and Preparedness Disaster Risk Urban $400,000 Finance and Insurance *Note: The detailed figures for the graph above are: Digital Development (0.67 percent), Energy (10.78 percent); Transport (10.3 percent); Urban (27.57 percent); Water (28.78 percent); DRM (18.05 percent); and Urban (3.85 percent). 1.2.3 Regional Distribution of Financing Across World Bank regions, the order of financial distribution in FY22 was Africa Region (AFR, 24 percent), followed by East Asia and Pacific Region (EAP, 19 percent), South Asia Region (SAR, 18 percent), Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA, 14 percent), Europe and Central Asia Region (ECA, 14 percent), and Latin America and the Caribbean Region (LAC, 11 percent), as shown in Figure 3. 14 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES In FY22, the AFR region was the greatest recipient of Country Program funding, representing nearly one-fourth of contributions, which was the case last year as well. In comparison to FY21, the MENA region saw a 10 percent increase in allocation mainly because of the increase in demand for projects focusing on hydromet, resilient infrastructure, and the nexus of disaster risk with social stresses and conflicts11. Figure 3 FY22 Regional Funding Distribution (calculated by US$ amount) SAR $1,820,000 AFR 18% $2,540,000 24% MENA $1,500,000 14% EAP LAC $1,925,000 $1,820,000 19% 12% ECA $1,495,000 14% Funding for grants that contribute to Priorities 1 and 2 were allocated across all six regions; in ECA, LAC, and MENA regions, 100 percent of the grants contributed to Resilient Infrastructure. In AFR and SAR regions, grants worth 69 and 86 percent respectively, contributed to Priority 1, Resilient Infrastructure, and a balance of 31 and 14 percent to Priority 2, Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness, respectively. In EAP region, 36 percent contributed to Priority 1, Resilient Infrastructure, and a balance of 64 percent to Priority 2, Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness (Figure 4).   The increase also results from the FY21 grants being approved in FY22, which are included in this figure. 11 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 15 Figure 4 FY22 Commitments to the Program’s Priority Areas by Region (in US dollar amount) $- $500,000 $1,000,000 $1,500,000 $2,000,000 $2,500,000 $3,000,000 AFR $2,540,000 $1,740,000 $800,000 EAP $1,925,000 $700,000 $1,225,000 ECA $1,495,000 Region LAC $1,110,000 MENA $1,500,000 SAR $1,820,000 $1,570,000 $250,000 Resilient Infrastructure Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness 1.2.4 Just-In-Time Window As of April 15, 2022, JIT has approved 7 grants—valuing $470,000 for the FY22 cycle. The high competition for JIT grants (24 proposals for 7 awards) is evidence of how critical the grant window is for task teams. While JIT proposals can respond to Task Teams’ urgent needs and provide quick access to TF grant resources, further support can be offered by GPRI either through the technical support platform being developed or the annual call for proposals. Hence, the JIT window has proven its value in the resilient infrastructure ecosystem by allowing task teams to timely respond to client needs and project identification/ preparation. With an average between 4 to 6 weeks of proposal assessment and approval, JITs are offered to teams throughout the duration of the fiscal year. For instance, FY22 funding will contribute to the following: a project in Brazil in the critical stage of pre-approval of the required sovereign guarantee for a water operation in the northern region; a project in Tajikistan to address transport asset vulnerability to promote sectoral resilience; and initiation of an Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Team under the Transport GP to assess disaster risk and impacts on networked infrastructures for last-mile connectivity. 16 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 1.3 Component 2 – Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub While Component 2 requires only a fraction of the Program’s funds, it has a very significant role in overall management of the Program. Under this component, the Tokyo DRM Hub performs the following functions: ● Program management and administration, including (i) coordination and administrative management supporting the organizational arrangements and related meetings; (ii) planning and execution of work plans and budgets, including pipeline development and screening of grant proposals together with regional and thematic counterparts; (iii) managing communications and outreach, reports on progress, monitoring and evaluation, and audits. ● Operational support to World Bank task teams, including: (i) identification of Japanese and global technical experts; (ii) facilitate engagements of such resources to support country and IBRD and/or IDA investment projects; and (iii) monitoring and reporting on the implementation of Program-financed projects, in coordination with World Bank task teams. ● Dissemination of knowledge and lessons learned from projects, including: (i) mainstreaming knowledge products developed under Phase I in operations and investments financed by IBRD and/or IDA; (ii) connecting knowledge and expertise produced to date with World Bank task teams to support the design and/or implementation of projects; and (iii) structuring partnership programs and communities of practice to advance DRM and resilience within and across key sectors. The Program also leverages the expertise and capacities of TDLC to support the development of Technical Deep Dives (TDDs) and trainings. ● Partner relations management, including: (i) liaising with GOJ on matters relating to Program governance; (ii) coordinating with relevant Japanese agencies for Program implementation and knowledge mobilization; and (iii) connecting World Bank task teams with JICA and other Japanese development partners. Box 3. Methodology for Japanese Expert Engagement Figures Despite the impacts of COVID-19, which initially slowed down grant activities and hindered physical travel, the Tokyo DRM Hub supported the facilitation of Japanese expert engagement for a large portfolio of grants. Between the reporting period, January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021, 29 active grants engaged 76 experts, which is a significant figure given the challenges of the pandemic. Remotely, through video conferences, virtual workshops, and pro- vision of written analysis and technical reviews, Japanese experts continued to extend operational support to World Bank task teams and client coun- try stakeholders. This support focused on capturing and sharing Japanese knowledge and lessons learned on resilience with client countries and foster- ing new strategic partnerships. Training Exercise in Iwakuni, Japan, May 27, 2021. © Operation 2021 / Alamy Stock Photo 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 17 The Program categorizes Japanese expert engagement into four types: 1) supporting project preparation, 2) supporting project implementation, 3) knowledge transfer, and 4) partnership and outreach. With the objective to link Japanese expertise to the World Bank’s operational work, the Tokyo DRM Hub component of the Program especially focuses on engagement types 1 and 2. In FY22, total of 23 active grants benefited from Japanese expert engagements which contributed to the implementation or preparation of the Program grants or World Bank investment project activities. The breakdown of the number of engagements per type for both Components can be seen in Figure 512. Figure 5 Engagement Types by the Program’s two components 1 support project preparation support project implementation develop and transfer knowledge Number of Grants build partnerships 22 9 5 1 2 1 1 Country Tokyo DRM Program Hub   Three engagements contributed to more than one engagement type by benefitting from Japanese experts 12 on different occasions. 18 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Box 5. Definition of Engagement Types Engagement Types The definitions of project implementation, preparation, knowledge transfer, and partnership and outreach, that comprise the Program’s key engagement types remain the same as FY19-21 Annual Report and are indicated below. ● Project implementation - Includes the engagement of Japanese experts to provide technical assistance to implement Japan Program grants and/ or World Bank investment projects. This includes an expert who provided support and inputs to the Resilient Housing Global Program Roadmap as part of an ongoing grant and/or investment project. ● Project preparation - Includes the engagement of Japanese experts to provide technical assistance to the preparation of World Bank investment projects. This includes experts from firms, provide support remotely, vir- tually, or in country as speakers or resource persons at workshops, con- ferences, and trainings, as well as lead, contribute to, or review technical assessments and analytical reports during the preparation of a World Bank investment project. The work contributed directly or indirectly to Concept Note, Project Appraisal Document (PAD) development, etc. Road construction in Tajikistan. © Gennadiy Ratushenko / World Bank ● Knowledge transfer - Includes the engagement of Japanese experts to develop and transfer Japanese knowledge and expertise to client country and World Bank stakeholders. This includes experts who contributed to global reports, Japan case studies, and publications as resource persons, consultants, and committee members, and so on. It also includes speakers and resource persons who supported the design and implementation of knowledge exchange events such as Technical Deep Dive (TDD) workshops, training, technical visits, public seminars, brown bag lunches, and confer- ences that were held in Japan or internationally and virtually. ● Partnership and outreach - Includes the engagement of Japanese stake- holders in exchange events such as conferences organized by the Hub or where Hub members participated in external events as session organizers or members. These engagements have often led to the Hub identifying opportunities for new partnerships and opportunities for collaboration and coordination with Japanese stakeholders. The definitions of project preparation and implementation are also indicated in the document “Proposed Definitions and Targets of Key Indicators,” submit- ted to MoF during the 6th Steering Committee in March 2019. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 19 1.3.1 Experts Engagement The DRM Hub’s leadership in connecting Japanese experts to the World Bank’s operational projects and curating knowledge is well-established and continues to be a critical aspect of the Program. For FY22, the methodology for monitoring and reporting the Program’s Japanese expert engagement was updated (as specified in Box 3) to ensure a more rigorous portfolio-wide analysis across various types of grants under the Program that were active during the reporting period from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. In the updated reporting period, 29 active grants engaged 76 Japanese experts across various activities. Some of the grants’ engagements contributed to more than one engagement type, bringing the total to 32 engagements. Mapping of these grants as per the engagement objectives are shown in the blue pie chart below in Figure 6. Figure 6 Breakdown of Number of Grants and Experts by Engagement Types Breakdown of Grants by Breakdown of Experts by Engagement Types Engagement Types support build support build project partnerships project partnerships preparation 2 | 6% preparation 11 | 15% 1 | 3% 1 | 1% support project develop and implementation develop and transfer support project transfer 22 | 69% implementation knowledge knowledge 7 | 22% 47 | 62% 17 | 22% This year the Program continues to facilitate more Japanese expert engagement con- tributing to the implementation and preparation of Japan Program grants and invest- ment projects for impactful results. During the reporting period, 69 percent of the 29 grants contributed to supporting project implementation of grants and investment projects and 1 percent contributed to preparation. The breakdown of contribution to engagement types is shown in Figure 613. Out of the 76 experts engaged, 63 percent contributed to preparation and implementation of grant and investment projects. This was followed by 22 percent and 15 percent engaged in knowledge transfer and building partnerships, respectively, which is shown in the red pie chart in Figure 6. Contractual engagements and the types of institutions the experts represent are analyzed below in Figure 7.   Three engagements contributed to more than one engagement type by benefitting from Japanese experts 13 on different occasions. 20 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Figure 7 Types of Experts Engaged and Their Modalities Contractual Engagement 16 | 21% Non-Contractual Engagement 60| 79% International Civil Society Organization STC: Firm: 0 | 0% Private Firm 1 | 2% Sector 1 | 6% Private 3| 19% Sector 6 | 10% JICA STC: Academia 30 | 50% Independent 7 | 12% 4 | 25% Government: Specialized Agency 8 | 13% Government: Prefecture Government: and City STC: Academia National 1 | 2% 7 | 11% 8 | 50% Out of the 76 experts, 16 were engaged through contractual arrangements and the remaining were engaged on an in-kind basis, as illustrated in the figure above. Of the contractual arrangements, the majority were short term consultant (STC) engagements, with 50 percent engaging academia, followed by independent and private sector specialists at 25 percent and 19 percent respectively. There were three firm contracts, all hiring private sector firms, contributing to resilient infrastructure including transport and energy sectors. The non-contractual engagements included activities such as a one-off virtual technical contribution to knowledge exchange events and participation as experts at conferences. A diverse range of stakeholders including national and local governments, public specialized agencies, private sector firms, and advisors and technical staff of JICA contributed to the Program through voluntary, non-contractual support with highest contribution from JICA at 50 percent, followed by specialized government agencies at 13 percent and academia at 12 percent. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 21 Examples of Japanese Expert Engagements and Contributions to World Bank Activ- ities The Hub has continued to proactively connect Japanese DRM expertise and solutions to developing countries by mobilizing Japanese DRM experts from the public sector, private sector, civil society organizations, and academia to beneficiary countries. Supporting implementation of Japan grants and World Bank investment projects ● Flood-Resilient Mass Transit Planning in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso In February and March 2021, a Japanese expert on road engineering from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Miyazaki University, provided valuable insights to Burkina Faso transport representatives about the Japanese city Toyooka’s experience with urban transport flooding and measures taken to mitigate risks and damage such as a pre-disaster action plan. The Program supported the grant “Flood-Resilient Mass Transit Planning in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (TF0B2135)” aiming to incorporate flood and other hazard risks in its spatial planning and technical design, and to enhance the capacity of national and city institutions to systematically consider flood risk in urban transport planning and management. The TA produced a global case study highlighting a diverse set of best practices detailing strategies to manage flood risks to urban transport systems. One such example came from the Japanese city, Toyooka, Hyogo Prefecture, which has similar urban transport flooding issues to Ouagadougou. The experience of Toyooka will help inform Burkina Faso’s urban transport and urban development planning. ● Resilient Urban Mobility Diagnostics for Indonesian Cities In April 2021, a virtual national level knowledge exchange attended by over 100 Indonesian government officials was held with the support of the Program’s technical assistance grant, “Resilient Urban Mobility Diagnostics for Indonesian Cities (TF0B2168)”. One of Japan’s prominent railway companies presented the company’s latest practices and innovations used in strengthening the resilience of Japan’s mass transit systems. Japanese expertise and technologies shared during this knowledge exchange will inform system design and operational planning for the Bus Rapid Transit systems under proposed World Bank support to the Indonesian Government for the first phase of roll-out of the Indonesia Mass Transit Project. During the knowledge exchange, a senior representative from JICA Indonesia explained JICA’s assistance with design of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) in Jakarta, which included flood resistance measures where water stop panels were installed to prevent flood water at station entrances from reaching the platforms. This design feature will be relevant for mass transit station design in other metropolitan cities in Indonesia. ● Green and Resilient Industries to Enhance Competitiveness in Bangladesh Significant collaboration and partnership were provided by a Japanese general trading company and JICA Bangladesh by reviewing and making substantial inputs to the Green and Resilient Economic Zone (GREZ) Guidelines based on their extensive global experience in economic zone development and operation. The private company’s 22 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES inputs were particularly substantial in ensuring that the key indicators target green and resilient considerations but are also practical for implementation. The private company expressed interest for continued partnership in piloting and further development of the GREZ guidelines within the Araihazar Economic Zone, which is a Japanese Economic Zone being developed by the Government of Bangladesh and the JICA managed by the company. The technical assistance provided by the Program through the grant “Green and Resilient Industries to Enhance Competitiveness in Bangladesh (TF0B0854)” is supporting the development of a National GREZ Guideline that integrates disaster and climate change risk considerations. These guidelines are aimed at supporting Bangladesh to reach the next level of economic transformation by promoting direct private investments in economic zones. Additionally, these guidelines help investors and zone operators to meet global market demands and sustainability standards, thus enhancing their competitiveness. ● Disaster and Climate Resilient Renewable Energy Power System in Nepal Through the “Disaster and Climate Resilient Renewable Energy Power System in Nepal (TF0B2719)”, two Japanese experts and one Japanese company were retained to support the Government of Nepal in preparing its disaster resilient renewable energy technical designs. A Senior Resilient Infrastructure Finance Specialist from Toyo University and a Mini-hydro Specialist from Kyushu University worked to support Nepal’s disaster risk assessment, resilient infrastructure, and cost estimate guidelines for resilient mini/micro-hydro systems. A Japanese electric power service provider was also retained as an operational consultant preparing the disaster/ climate resilient technical designs and the operations manuals for mini/micro-hydro and solar/wind mini-grid systems. During a virtual implementation support mission from April 19-26, 2021, a technical consultation between Nepal’s Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), the Government of Nepal (GoN), and Japanese experts was conducted. This discussion clarified the needs of the GoN and led to the development of three Guidance Notes outlining resilient guidelines for renewable energy based on mini-grid systems, as well as a forthcoming Report on Resilient Technical Designs and Operations Manual prepared by a Japanese electric power service provider. Supporting preparation of World Bank investment projects ● Retrofitting Masonry Buildings in Mexico In continuation from last fiscal year, a professor from The University of Tokyo contributed to the preparation of the investment project “Mexico: Social Housing Support Project (P173570)” by contributing to a technical paper on improvement of social housing programs, through the grant, “Identifying Japanese Actionable Knowledge that Could Increase Housing Resilience in LAC Countries (TF0B2474)”. The technical paper was used as a framework for the Resilient Housing team to improve the strategic approach to strengthening the resilience of the housing stock in developing countries and to enrich the list of retrofitting technologies to potentially be used. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 23 Developing and transferring knowledge ● Knowledge Exchange on Earthquake Early Warning System in Indonesia The “Knowledge Exchange: Designing and Operationalizing and Earthquake Early Warning System in Indonesia (InaEEWS”) was hosted by the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) on December 7, 2021. A professor from the Disaster Prevention Research Institute at Kyoto University, shared the lessons-learned from Japan’s continuous efforts to improve its EEWS, highlighting the technical and operational aspects. With support from the Program, Japanese and global expertise are contributing to the capacity building initiatives supporting the Government of Indonesia’s efforts to establish the InaEEWS. Through the World Bank project, Indonesia Disaster Resilience Initiatives Project (IDRIP), the Government of Indonesia, is working to establish a InaEEWS to improve the country’s preparedness for geophysical hazards. ● Improving Turkey’s Urban Resilience A Virtual Knowledge Exchange, organized with support from the Program, was held on December 21, 2021, for representatives from the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change (MoEUCC) of Turkey to engage with the Japan Housing Finance Agency (JHF) specializing in providing housing, under the grant “Turkey Urban Resilience (TF0B2526)”. The purpose of this knowledge exchange was to share the Japanese experience of providing homeowners with financial assistance for housing upgrading and retrofitting to mitigate the impacts of seismic and flood hazards. Past disaster events have proven the effectiveness of JHF’s programs in reducing damage and loss of housing. MoEUCC officials learned the many design features of different financial mechanisms to support seismic- and flood-resilient housing in Japan that are relevant for addressing the challenges faced in Turkey. The experience and lessons learned in Japan are valuable to inform Turkey’s path towards developing financing mechanisms to support resilient housing reconstruction and achieving their urban transformation goals. For more examples of Japanese expert engagement, please refer to Table A6 under Annex 3, which lists Japanese engagements by grants. 1.3.2 Partnerships As reemphasized in the revised Operations Manual and Visibility Guidelines for task teams, the Hub has been working with task teams to continue close collaboration with EOJ and JICA. JICA and Japan Embassies ● Informing WBG lending operations financing resilient school infrastructure in Central America As part of activities under the grant “Informing WBG lending operations financing resilient school infrastructure in Central America (TF0B3591)”, a meeting was held by the Nicaraguan Ministry of Education (MINED) and the World Bank on February 24 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 2, 2022, to overview the technical support provided thus far through Global Program for Safer Schools to Nicaragua. Technical assistance has focused on supporting the Alliance for Education Quality Project as well as strengthening the technical capacity of MINED in its planning and management of school infrastructure. Specifically, capacity training sessions were delivered through video conferencing to over 30 members of staff of the General Division of School Infrastructure at MINED. Different topics were covered over the course of 40 sessions. The analytical work carried out provides knowledge and tools for the design of school infrastructure strategies, policies, and investments across Central America. This work is summarized in three technical notes, heavily informed by the Japanese experience, that will be finalized in the next quarter. Mr. Yasuhisa Suzuki, Ambassador of Japan to Nicaragua, as well as representatives of the JICA Nicaragua Office attended the meeting. Ambassador Suzuki noted his appreciation of the work carried out by MINED with the support of the technical assistance provided. ● Developing Infrastructure Solutions for Coastal Resilience in Ghana Under the grant, “WACA: Developing Infrastructure Solutions for Coastal Resilience in Ghana (TF0B5216)”, a workshop was held on July 29, 2021, with the World Bank in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology, and Innovation (MESTI) of Ghana to develop a multi-sector investment plan (MSIP) towards coastal resilience in Ghana. Mr. Akihisa Katsumura, First Secretary at the Embassy of Japan in Ghana, attended the workshop and gave introductory remarks on behalf of the Embassy. The technical assistance will build the basis for the project’s activities in Ghana and is supporting studies to inform the MSIP and the “West Africa Coastal Areas Resilience Investment Project 2 (WACA ResIP II)”, a World Bank project currently in the pipeline, aimed at improving coastal resilience in Ghana and the West African region. The inception workshop was part of an effort to ensure inclusivity in the MSIP and WACA investment projects, with various stakeholders learning about the methodology and process for developing the MSIP and sharing their views on investment priorities. ● South Asia Hydromet Forum 2021 The 3rd South Asia Hydromet Forum was held virtually from November 15-18, 2021, bringing together hydrometeorological experts from around the world to discuss possibilities of improving hydromet service delivery as well as promoting regional cooperation. With support from the Tokyo DRM Hub, a Senior Advisor on Meteorological Sector of JICA with expertise in remote-sensing meteorology and over 30 years of experience at the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), participated in the panel discussion, “Regional partnerships for improved weather and climate services in South Asia”. ● Workshop on Sustainable Buildings to Strengthen Urban Resilience in Morocco On April 1, 2021, the First Secretary from the Japan Embassy in Rabat, Morocco participated in the workshop, Safe and Sustainable Buildings to Strengthen Urban Resilience in Morocco, offering opening remarks which focused on Japan’s commitment to supporting urban resilience in Morocco. During this dissemination workshop implemented under the grant “Building Regulation for Resilience Phase III 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 25 (TF0B0629)”, the Government of Morocco’s Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Urban Planning, Housing and City Policy in partnership with the WBG Morocco DRM task team presented key findings and recommendations from the Morocco Building Regulatory Capacity Assessment Report, which aims to contribute to strengthening the safety and resilience of the built environment in Morocco and more generally to strengthen urban risk management. The strategic conversations between stakeholders laid the groundwork for translating these recommendations into concrete actions in the National Strategic Action Plan, currently under development. ● Course on Coastal Risk Management Strengthens Coastal Resilience in Seychelles Under the grant “Strengthening Coastal Resilience in Seychelles (TF0B1706)”, a closing ceremony to commemorate the completion of a short course on Coastal Risk Management and Adaptation in Seychelles was held on October 15, 2021, which was attended by the Ambassador of Japan in Seychelles. The course was designed to help develop technical capacity to understand coastal risks and impacts, identify adaptation solutions, and help build coastal resilience, in line with the technical assistance on coastal and flood management provided by JICA, and the Seychelles Coastal Management Plan, which was developed in 2019 with support from the World Bank. Tokyo Development Learning Center, Quality Infrastructure Investment and Global Infrastructure Facility In FY22, the Hub partnered with the Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) to design and implement the Resilient Infrastructure TDD to provide technical inputs to task teams. Quality Infrastructure Investment In continuation with previous years, the Hub actively and closely coordinates with the Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII) Partnership Trust Fund to ensure support across all quality infrastructure principles in order to plan upstream engagements and to re- spond to operational demand and enable synergies between each program. 26 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Resilient Infrastructure Technical Deep Dive More than 60 participants from 7 countries (Azerbaijan, China, Jordan, the Maldives, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Tunisia) took part in a virtual TDD on Disas- ter Risk Management and Resilient Infrastructure from February 14 to 18, 2022. This TDD event was organized by the Tokyo Development Learning Center in collaboration with the Tokyo DRM Hub, to promote knowledge exchange and to leverage Japanese and global expertise toward the devel- opment of resilient infrastructure against natural hazards and weather-re- lated disasters across the world. From Japan, experts and representatives from the Cabinet Secretariat’s National Resilience Office; the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; the Ministry of Internal Affairs; governments of Kobe City, Sendai City, and Fukuoka City; Japan Overseas Infrastructure Investment Corporation; and Pacific Consultants shared lessons learned from respond- ing to and recovering from various disasters over decades and best practic- es for enhancing resilience in infrastructure. Additional presentations from World Bank experts further presented the challenges in promoting infra- structure resilience globally. The participants actively engaged in discussions on how to achieve resil- ience in transport, water, and energy sectors in their respective countries, through identifying the most applicable methods to map disaster risks in selected infrastructure assets. Mapping current disaster profiles and understanding past impacts has shown to be paramount, allowing deep discussions on the applicability of lessons learned and disaster risk mitiga- tion approaches. The event concluded with a substantial knowledge sharing exercise, in which participants presented action plans to improve ongoing and future projects. Participants found Japan’s knowledge of infrastructure designs, disaster response planning, and DRM institutional arrangements highly useful for considering ways to develop resilient infrastructure in their home countries. 1.3.3 Knowledge and Outreach The Tokyo DRM Hub continued to work to increase visibility of the Program through several platforms including the Hub website, print media, social media, and other means including senior management engagements and dissemination activities. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 27 International Development Journal Opinions and Editorial Page The Tokyo DRM Hub and GFDRR contributed two articles to the International Development Journal (IDJ) Opinions and Editorial Page. One article featured Vice President for Sustainable Development Juergen Voegele and his leadership in the various Sustainable Development agenda, and another featured the work of GFDRR and the Tokyo DRM Hub through their partnership with Japan. The articles showcased the World Bank’s strategic focus on building a green, resilient, and inclusive recovery into the post COVID era, the World Bank’s support to client countries’ efforts to increase preparedness and strengthen resilience against climate related disasters and other natural hazards, and the Hub’s recent efforts to strengthen health system resilience by using know-how built up for DRM preparedness. ● Link to journal: International Development Journal A blog entry by Vice President for Sustainable Development Juergen Voegele was also published to World Bank’s “Voices” based on the IDJ article. ● Link to blog: Building resilience is vital for a sustainable recovery Commemoration of March 11 Great East Japan Earthquake On March 11, 2022, the Vice President for Sustainable Development Juergen Voegele tweeted the message below to commemorate 11 years since the occurrence of the Great East Japan Earthquake. This message was retweeted by President Malpass subsequently, representing the importance of the DRM agenda within the World Bank. “Through its inspiring history of building resilience and commitment to sharing disaster risk management knowledge, Japan is helping World Bank client countries accelerate progress towards climate and disaster resilience.” World Bank President David Malpass Visit to School in Romania World Bank Group President David Malpass visited a school in Bucharest on April 13, 2021, which was supported by the World Bank investment project “Disaster-Resistant and Inclusive School Building Project” in Romania. President Malpass discussed with stakeholders such as the Minister of Education and the Mayor about the Bank’s support for the country’s educational challenges, and in the classroom listened directly to the ideas of students and teachers on building safe schools and improving the learning environment. The grant “Romania Resilient Public Infrastructure (TF0B6343)” supported by the Program provides technical assistance to this project to raise awareness of climate change and the resilience of schools and surrounding communities. Contribution to The Economist’s Article The Hub contributed to The Economist’s article “Japan has a chequered record on cli- mate change”, to share what lessons from Japan’s approach to DRM has been useful for client countries through World Bank investments. The Global Director for Urban, Disas- 28 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ter Risk Management, Resilience and Land Global Practice, Sameh Wahba and Practice Manager for the World Bank East Asia and Pacific Region, Francis Ghesquiere, shared good practices from Japan on the Government having “pre-arranged contracts for re- pairing infrastructure, allowing post-disaster reconstruction to begin fast without go- ing through cumbersome procurement processes” and focusing “on engineering-based solutions. Such investment, along with improvements to building codes, has reduced risks.” Contribution to Monthly Newsletter Distributed to Key Stakeholders The World Bank Tokyo Office initiated the distribution of a monthly newsletter to key stakeholders, including parliamentarians, in FY22. The Hub provides monthly updates on its activities to strengthen resilience globally through the Japan Program grants and World Bank investment projects. Results in Resilience Stories In preparation to and alignment with the IDA20 Replenishment meeting and discussions, a series of results stories were prepared to highlight Japanese expert contributions to Program grants and World Bank projects in IDA countries. A total of five stories about IDA countries have been completed. Two more stories have been completed to highlight Japanese expert engagement in IBRD countries. In addition to the above, 6 RIR stories are being developed to showcase results from Phase 1 Knowledge grants. Website and Other Dissemination Media Between July 1, 2021, and April 15, 2022, a total of 1,823 downloads of publications had occurred (950 downloads of those relating to Resilient Infrastructure; 592 downloads of those relating to Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness; 70 relating to DRFI; and 211 relating to Annual Reports and Program Brochures) from both the Tokyo DRM Hub’s English and Japanese websites. These figures have increased significantly from a total of 811 in FY21 (432, 154, 5, and 220 respectively). To date, the number of visitors to the Hub website has reached 444,000 since the Program’s launch in 2014 as of April 15, 2022, with about 40,700 visiting the site during this reporting period. Five new event stories; two new feature stories; five new blog entries; 11 new videos; and one press release were published to the Tokyo DRM Hub website. These communication pieces are all presented on the website in both English and Japanese. A total of 11 Facebook posts and 13 Tweets were disseminated to promote these communication pieces, which reached a total of 18,000 people. In FY22, the Hub continues to update its interactive map in both English and Japanese to offer the audience information on the active and closed TA grants the Program supports. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 29 Doctor examines patient in Nigeria. © Curt Carnemark / World Bank 30 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SECTION 2 RESULTS MONITORING 2.1 Overall Results *Note: Figures under Section 1.2 Component 1 – Country Program include data for grants that were approved during the reporting period but were planned under FY22 Work Plan. The activities highlighted in this section showcase the Program’s continued proactive efforts to increase direct contributions to ongoing and planned World Bank investment projects and connecting Japanese expertise in DRM with developing countries and World Bank teams. The FY22 Japan Program Annual Work Plan established a target of project preparation support for 15 new World Bank investment projects. As of April 15, 2022, grants approved in FY22 under the FY22 Work Plan contributed to the preparation of 14 investment projects. The grants in the pipeline submitted and pending approval by MoF are anticipated to contribute to the preparation of an additional 10 investment projects, bringing the total to 24. Approved grants during this reporting period contributed to the preparation of 14 in- vestment projects valuing $2.02 billion in World Bank financing (IBRD and IDA) and supported teams across the Transport (two projects); Urban, Resilience, and Land (five projects); Water (four projects); and Energy (two projects); and Digital Development (one project) GPs (please refer to Annex 114 for details). Seventy five percent ($1.51 billion, 11 grants) of project preparation support is helping to strengthen Resilient Infrastructure, while 25 percent ($509 million, three grants) is helping to enhance Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness.   Please note that Annex 1 also includes investment projects which were informed by grants approved under 14 FY21 Work Plan. Please refer to the column labelled “Grant Approval FY” to see which fiscal year the grants were approved. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 31 Box 3. Definition of Project Preparation Project preparation under the Japan Program is defined as direct technical as- sistance support to integrate disaster resilience into the design and develop- ment of a World Bank investment operation. Support is recognized as project preparation if contributions are included in Project Appraisal Documents (PADs) or provided to World Bank pipeline projects prior to approval by the World Bank Board of Directors. Project preparation grants include support to feasibility/technical studies and assessments, technical designs, strategies and framework development, and the organization of workshops and training sessions to inform counterpart governments of new investment projects or potential pipeline investment. Note: The definition summarized here is based on the full definition provided in the “Proposed Definitions and Targets of Key Indicators” document submitted to MoF in FY19. Destruction following super storm Yolanda (Haiyan) in the Philippines. © acrylik / istock.com During the Seventh Steering Committee of the Program, MoF expressed the need for the Program to increase support to client governments to enhance DRM policy design and reforms, including within World Bank Development Policy Loans, and as a result help re- cipient governments design policies to strengthen their preparedness against disasters. Below are examples of such support provided during FY22. ● Post-Disaster Financial Preparedness Strengthens Recovery in Tonga The World Bank provided an initial $8 million emergency funding to support the Kingdom of Tonga’s response and recovery following the devastating volcanic eruption and tsunami on January 15, 2022. The emergency response funding comes through the Tonga Second Resilience Development Policy Operation with a Cat-DDO, which is a risk finance tool developed by the World Bank with support from the Japan Program and others, allowing monetary disbursements to the affected country within five days of the disaster event. World Bank teams on the ground are preparing impact assessments to aid the Government and partners’ understanding of the scale of impacts; critical information necessary to identify response, recovery, and reconstruction needs and where they are most urgently required. The Japan Program grant “Pacific Resilience Program (PREP) - Tonga - GFDRR Co-financing Grant (TF0A1232)” has helped Tonga to develop emergency operations centers for use when disasters like this strike. ● Leveraging 4th CAT-DDO in the Philippines to Build Disaster Preparedness at the Local Level On November 17, 2021, the World Bank approved the Fourth Disaster Risk Management Development Policy Loan with a Cat-DDO 4 of $500 million for the Government of Philippines. This new line of credit is helping strengthen the Philippines’ institutional and financial capacity to manage risks from climate change, natural disasters, and disease outbreaks. In addition to providing immediate liquidity in the aftermath of severe disasters, the Cat-DDOs have, more importantly, provided access to technical 32 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES support from the World Bank in strengthening overall DRM policy reforms and developing institutional capacity to implement the reforms at the national and local levels. Through the Third Cat-DDO, the “Ready to Rebuild (R2R): Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery Program” was developed and launched, with support from the Program grant, “Building a Culture of Disaster Preparedness at the Local Level (TF0B3960)”. The R2R Program provides countries with the framework on how to prepare people, communities, and local governments to be more resilient and ready to respond and recover from disasters better and faster. The Program continues to support the Government of the Philippines in addressing more complex challenges in managing climate, disaster, and health-related risks. Resilient Health Systems Following the successful launch of the “Frontline: Preparing Healthcare Systems for Shocks from Disasters to Pandemics” report, the Hub contributed to strengthening the partnership between GPURL and HNP through elevated collaboration via GFDRR. With a $2 million contribution from the MoF, the new global program Climate and Disaster Risk Management for Health Systems (DRM4HS) was initiated by the Hub. This elevated a TF level collaboration that emerged in FY21 between GFDRR and Health Emergency Preparedness and Response (HEPR) programs to an operational partnership between GPURL and HNP GPs this year. This elevated partnership was translated into practical operational collaborations in FY22, including GFDRR’s contributions to the following: (i) concept of Health Emergency Preparedness Program Multi Programmatic Ap- proach (HEPP MPA, P178781); (ii) a new global MPA being prepared by HNP and anticipated to be approved by the end of FY22; (iii) technical inputs for HNP global flagship report, HNP South Asia regional study; and (iv) recent HEPR TF annual program report launch event. Building on findings from the Frontline report, the DRM4HS program has been developing a new operational tool, Frontline Healthcare Scorecard, to identify critical gaps in health system resiliency at the country level. The scorecard is designed to assess country-specific capabilities to absorb, respond, and adapt to shocks while maintaining a continuity of care. Capabilities include health facilities, systems, and emergency response, along with supporting lifeline infrastructures such as energy, water, transport, and communications. This assessment aims to help countries identify capability gaps, which then could help pinpoint a need for future investments, reforms, or additional studies. The scorecard uses data to derive a country-specific gap analysis that can identify major risks, areas for action, and opportunities to strengthen resilience. Ultimately, the scorecard can enable countries to identify and prioritize investments and targeted reforms, along with highlighting areas for additional research. The snapshot 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 33 of the scorecard will identify areas of further in-depth analytical work that the RHS program can support for country teams. In FY23, the DRM4HS program aims to expand analytical tools and their operational applications in selected countries. The program continues to expand a set of analytical tools around five pillars presented in the Frontline report. The program also began identifying countries to effectively leverage such analytical tools and operational supports to inform HNP, GPURL and other infrastructure-oriented investments for resilient health systems. The DRM4HS also launched a webpage on GFDRR’s website to disseminate information on Program activities, progress, and achievements. 2.1.1 Results Against Work Plan During this reporting period, the Hub is implementing activities to reach the targets set out for FY22. A summary of the targets set in the FY22 Work Plan and outputs delivered in FY22 are shown in Table 3. The detailed results on Japanese expert en- gagement were indicated in Section 1.3.1; therefore, only the target numbers indi- cated in the Work Plan are stated in this section. Table 2 Results against Work Plan FY22 (Actual, as FY21 (full FY22 of April 15, Objective Indicator FY)15 (target) 2022)16 Grants supporting Resilient 84 percent 75 percent 81 percent Infrastructure Grants led by World Bank GPs Mainstreaming of such as Digital Development, 73 DRM in World Bank 53 percent 55 percent Energy, Environment, FCI, percent17 Strategies and Transport, and Water Operations Number of World Bank operations prepared with 24 15 14 (24)18 Program support Increasing Number of Japanese experts Connection of engaged in the preparation or Japanese and Global 92 30 48 implementation of World Bank Expertise to World operations Bank Investments 15   This figure includes the grants that were approved during FY22, which were planned under the FY21 Work Plan. 16   This figure includes the grants that were approved during FY22 and planned under the FY22 Work Plan. 17   This figure includes grants that were approved during FY22 and planned under the FY22 Work Plan. 18   This figure includes investment projects mobilized by grants approved during FY22 and planned under the FY22 Work Plan. With the grants in the pipeline to be approved by the end of FY22, this figure is expected to increase to 24, which is more than the target of 15, set for FY22. 34 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 2.1.2 Results Against Sendai Framework Priorities The FY22 portfolio is anticipated19 to contribute to all four Sendai Framework prior- ities—Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk; Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk; Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience; and Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Over 85 percent of the grants reported that they would contribute to Priorities 1, 2, and 3, as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 Percentage of Grants Contributing to Each Sendai Priority 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Priority 1 19 (95%) Understanding disaster risk Priority 2 Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage 17 (85%) disaster risk Priority 3 18 (90%) Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience Priority 4 Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation, 12 (60%) and reconstruction 2.2 Beneficiaries The indirect beneficiaries across regions are approximately 185 million people across all six regions.   Contribution to Sendai Framework Priorities is taken from the grant proposals, for non-JIT grants. For JIT 19 grants, data of contribution to Sendai Framework was developed by Tokyo DRM Hub team and reviewed by GPRI. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 35 SECTION 3 RESULTS IN RESILIENCE PRIORITY 1: Resilient Infrastructure 3.1 Advancing Resilient Road Transport in Upper Egypt Road from Qena to Luxor. © Claudio Nichele / Flickr 3.1.1 Background/Context Home to one-third of Egypt’s population of 100 million, Upper Egypt has long faced its fair share of disasters, including cyclones, flooding and landslides. As it strives to accelerate its growth and development prospects, which thus far have lagged behind the rest of the country, Upper Egypt’s vulnerability to these disasters is undoubtedly holding the region back. With the support of the Program, the government of Egypt is working to address a major factor driving Upper Egypt’s vulnerability to disasters, namely the region’s underdeveloped and poorly maintained road transport infrastructure. By and large, road infrastructure in Upper Egypt has yet to incorporate disaster risks and hazards into technical design and maintenance, resulting in unsafe road conditions during extreme weather often leading to severe disruptions to people’s lives and livelihoods. 36 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 3.1.2. Description A key first step for the technical team has been the development of a comprehensive GIS-based geospatial inventory of road transport assets in Upper Egypt, including data on technical parameters such as road conditions, traffic levels and disaster risk. The inventory has been completed for the road networks of two cities, Qena and Sohag, while work is underway in eight other districts. The team then worked closely with local officials to develop a road asset management system (RAMS), focusing initially on the cities of Qena and Sohag. RAMS is an interactive tool which will enable the officials to manage, understand and analyze the asset data collected in the inventory. Informed by the geospatial inventory and the RAMS, local officials in Qena and Sohag have been able to develop multi-year operations and maintenance (O&M) plans for road transport infrastructure. Egypt’s Ministry of Finance uses these plans to guide its planning and investment decisions in the sector. A key improvement of both plans, compared with previous versions, is that these now include budgeting envelopes for preventive actions designed to reduce road fatalities due to hazards. This innovation would not have been possible without analysis facilitated by the RAMS. Strikingly, following its receipt of the new O&M plans from Qena and Sohag, the Egyptian Ministry of Finance has allocated more than ten times its usual funding allocations to road maintenance for both cities. Across the board, this engagement has drawn extensively on the expertise and ex- perience of Japan in building resilient road transport at home. For starters, in under- taking the inventory, the team drew extensively on the experience of two Japanese cities, Nagasaki and Gifu. Much like the case with the two cities, the team mobilized academics from two universities in Upper Egypt to support the data collection and validation. Drawing yet again on Nagasaki and Gifu, the academics were also tapped to train local officials in data collection and validation, thus ensuring that they have the skills to keep the inventory up to date for the long-haul. Moreover, every stage of the engagement drew extensively on the Road Geohazard Management Handbook, a Japan Program-produced publication the Program pro- duced, which sets out a comprehensive approach to proactively managing the risks of geohazards on roads, road users, and the people living near and affected by roads. For example, the design of the RAMS was shaped by the principles and considerations identified in the handbook. The Hub was critical not only in connecting Japanese expertise to this project but also in providing the team with valuable resources and capacity building materials that supported this technical assistance at every stage. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 37 Flooding on roads in Qena. Egypt. © AFP 3.1.3. Results Looking ahead, the Egyptian government is eager to scale up these efforts across Upper Egypt, deeply encouraged by the progress achieved thus far. The hope is that this engagement is only one of the first steps in institutionalizing transport asset management as a key pillar of resilient and sustainable development in Upper Egypt and the country at large, much as it is the case in Japan. As Upper Egypt continues to strengthen its road transport sector, it will have the continued support of the Upper Egypt Local Development Program, a $500 million World Bank project to improve the business environment for private sector development across the region. The program has spurred private sector-led job creation and strengthened local government capacity to deliver infrastructure and services, leading the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs to list it as an example of best practices aimed at meeting the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. 38 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PRIORITY 2: Risk Identification, Risk Reduction and Preparedness 3.2 Hydromet Services Improve Disaster Resilience Bhutan – children look on terraced fields, a river 3.2.1 Background/Context and mountains. © World A small landlocked country in South Asia, Bhutan is no stranger to disasters including Bank. flash floods, landslides, landslide dam outburst floods, cloudbursts, windstorms, and forest fires. Most of the country’s productive infrastructure, such as hydropower plants, roads, airports, and fertile agricultural land, are located along the main drainage basins, making them highly vulnerable to many of these hazards, particularly flash floods and landslides. With the support of the Program’s technical assistance grant “The Hydromet Services and Disaster Resilience Regional Project,” Bhutan has been rapidly making headway in advancing the country’s disaster risk reduction and preparedness for the long-term. A key focus of the grant has been toward ensuring that Bhutan has the capacity to deliver timely and accurate hydrological and meteorological (hydromet) services which are key to protecting lives and livelihoods before, during and after a disaster. 3.2.2 Description In line with a roadmap previously developed by the national government in collaboration with the World Bank and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), a top priority for the technical team has been to support ongoing efforts by 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 39 the National Center for Hydrology and Meteorology (NCHM) to enhance weather forecasting services across the country. Paro Airport nestled in Partnering with the NCHM, the team has assisted in operationalizing the SMART-MET the mountains of Bhutan. © Somnath Mahata | system, a highly advanced, state-of-the art platform for weather forecasting and Dreamstime.com dissemination. Prior to the system being in place, forecasters had to view individual screens of incoming hydromet data which was a cumbersome and tedious task that often reduced the accuracy of the forecasts. But now, forecasters can view and analyze the data on a single platform, enabling more systematic forecasting. All these improvements have helped reduce the average preparation time for NCHM daily weather forecasts by half—down to two hours from the previous four required. NCHM officials have also observed improvement in the accuracy of weather forecasts. The team has concurrently provided capacity-building support to NCHM staff to help ensure that they are able to maximize the capabilities of the SMART-MET system. Moreover, the team has also worked with the NCHM on installing an automatic weather observations system, a ceilometer, and a wind profiler, among other critical hydromet infrastructure, at Bhutan’s sole international gateway, Paro International Airport, one of the most dangerous airports in the world. A ceilometer has also been installed at Bumthang domestic airport. The wind profiler provides wind shear data within its range, thus providing pilots more time for informed decision-making, while the ceilometers 40 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES offer better accuracy of cloud heights within the range. Overall, this technologically advanced equipment has dramatically improved the safety of flight operations in Bhutan. Hands-on training has also been provided to operational staff at the airports during the installation of the equipment. Recognizing the vulnerability of the country’s predominantly rainfed agriculture sector to extreme weather, a further priority has been the development of a targeted weather advisory service for farmers called the Agrometeorological Decision Support System (ADSS). Designed to help farmers make farm-level decisions, the system, which is currently in its pilot phase, uses machine learning algorithms to generate specific crop advisories for various locations based on weather data from the NCHM. Housed in a dedicated web portal, ADSS also has a feedback system that will allow users to provide recommendations for improvement. ADSS is expected to improve the climate resilience of the agriculture sector, which employs 56 percent of the country’s labor force. In addition to its support for strengthening hydromet services in Bhutan, the Program grant has also been instrumental in enhancing Bhutan’s emergency communications systems across all 20 districts of Bhutan. For example, a multilayered resilient disaster communication system has been established, connecting various means of communication between the District Emergency Operation Centers (DEOCs). 3.2.3 Results Japanese knowledge and expertise have been critical in laying the groundwork for the progress and results from this grant. Back in 2016, Bhutan was one of 11 countries that learned firsthand from the Japanese experience in hydromet modernization at a TDD organized by The Hub on hydromet services for early warning in Tokyo, Japan. The participation of Bhutanese officials at this TDD was key toward improving their understanding of the linkages between hydromet and disaster risk management, and ultimately helped cement the national government’s commitment to strengthening its hydromet sector. During the TDD, officials from Bhutan had highlighted their key challenges, including the lack of coordination between relevant agencies. This grant has played its part in helping bring those challenges to resolution. For instance, the development of the ADSS has helped facilitate the coordination and information-sharing between hydromet and agriculture agencies in Bhutan. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 41 PRIORITY 3: Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance 3.3. Enabling Next Generation Analytics for Financial Protection of Resilient Infrastructure in Southeast Asia Lao PDR – Transmission lines on the Nakai Plateau. © World Bank 3.3.1 Background/Context Few regions in the world have seen advances in growth and development as rapid as Southeast Asia. Yet amid a changing climate and intensifying disaster risk, Southeast Asian countries recognize that resilient critical infrastructure will be key if the region is to sustain and accelerate that progress in the years ahead. In advancing the resilient infrastructure agenda, a major challenge for Southeast Asian countries will be to ensure timely and cost-effective access to funding that can provide for the continuity of critical assets and services in the aftermath of a disaster. Delays in accessing finance after a disruption not only delay the reinstatement of critical assets and services, but also often have wider economic and social impacts. 3.3.2 Description The Program’s technical assistance grant, “Development and Implementation of Policy Framework for Financial Risk Management against Disasters” has supported the development of next generation tools and analytics which will enable Southeast Asian countries to mobilize disaster risk finance for resilient infrastructure. Disaster risk finance is the process of pre-arranging finance to enable timely and targeted financing for post-disaster relief and recovery. 42 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES A foremost priority for this engagement has been to support Southeast Asian countries in deepening their understanding of the disaster risk finance challenges and opportunities in the context of critical infrastructure. Accordingly, a technical team worked on a detailed stocktaking of financial protection measures for critical infrastructure titled “Financial Protection of Critical Infrastructure Services.” The stocktaking, which contributed to the disaster risk finance and insur- ance agenda of the 2020 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Finance Ministers’ Meeting, proposed a range of key actions for developing and implementing a national financial protection strategy for critical infrastructure. Informed by the stocktaking, another technical team subsequently worked on a deep dive risk assessment of critical infrastructure in Southeast Asia. The study, which spanned seven countries (Myanmar, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand), was focused on specific sectors, such as electricity and transport, and on specific hazards, including fluvial flooding, coastal flooding, and wind hazards. By assembling, processing and analyzing available datasets to estimate risk metrics, the study was able to quantify network losses across those countries, sectors and hazards, at a regional, national and subnational level. Specifically, the study quantified the direct damage to the physical infrastructure asset itself and the indirect economic losses due to interruption of service to the customers (households, businesses, government) who depend upon the whole infrastructure network. With an eye to making the analytics more accessible to policymakers and practitioners, a prototype tool has been developed which visualizes the network losses at a regional, national, and subnational level. Overall, the study and prototype are built on three main innovations. First, it brings together, for the first time, disaster risk finance analytics and infrastructure criticality analytics to assess financial risks and appraise financial risk management options. Second, it explores how global publicly available datasets can be used to deliver information more quickly, at scale and at a lower cost. This is a critical step to making such analyses open, accessible, and usable to emerging markets and developing economies. Third, it utilizes high-performance computing capabilities enabling analysis of network failures on a very large scale. 3.3.3 Results Drawing on this analytical work, the Program, under the same grant, is now supporting the delivery of technical assistance to World Bank teams embedding disaster risk finance into Bank operations. Work is currently underway to support an energy project in the Pacific and a transport project in Lao PDR. The team is actively engaged in soliciting further interest from three of the Bank’s global practices, namely water, transport, and energy. Japanese expertise and engagement have proven invaluable over the course of this engagement. For starters, the stocktaking of financial protection measures, which 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 43 was launched and developed in partnership with the Japanese MoF, drew heavily on lessons learned from Japan. In recent decades, Japan has gained a reputation as a global leader in mobilizing disaster risk finance to protect critical infrastructure. For instance, the stocktaking highlighted how local governments across the country have pre-arranged financing agreements with private companies to initiate recovery works in the immediate aftermath of disasters, a strategy which helped save lives and livelihoods in the aftermath of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The stocktaking features this and other examples in a dedicated chapter focusing on Japanese partnerships with the private sector in the context of resilient infrastructure. Japanese officials have also played their part in furthering engagements by the World Bank and other development partners at the intersection of disaster risk finance and resilient infrastructure. For instance, Deputy Director of the Financial System Stabilization Division of the Japanese Ministry of Finance made a presentation on the Japanese Earthquake Insurance Program at a webinar organized by the World Bank Group and the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO). The presentation highlighted earthquake insurance as an example of a disaster risk financing solution that can be developed through the joint efforts of both the public and private sector. 44 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ANNEX 1. World Bank Investments Influenced during FY22 After years of implementation, the Hub has achieved success in terms of influencing20 World Bank DRM investments. The Hub’s support helps prepare client countries to ac- cess larger investments in DRM from the World Bank and other development partners, while providing key entry points to enhanced resilience options in existing investments. In Table A1, the total amount of IBRD and IDA financing influenced by all grants that were active during the reporting period21 and grants that were approved in FY2222. The breakdown of the total is listed in Tables A2, A3, A4, and A523. Tables A2 and A3 list investment projects which were influenced by grants approved in FY22, during the preparation phase and implementation phase respectively. Tables A4 and A5 list invest- ment projects which were influenced by grants which were active during the preparation phase and implementation phase, respectively. 20   In October 2021, GFDRR received corporate guidance from World Bank’s Development Finance (DFi) to use the term “leverage” only when referring to the use of IBRD/IDA balance sheets to raise financial resourc- es. Therefore, in this report, to align with this DFi guidance, the term “influence” will now be used instead of “leverage” to refer to Program TA grants being utilized to support the preparation of new World Bank IDA / IBRD investment projects. This is also in alignment with the “Review of the Japan-World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management in Developing Countries”. 21   The figures in this column were based on information taken from the FY22-A M&E reporting. These figures are actual, as they have already been reported through the M&E platform to have been influenced by these grants. 22   This includes grants that were approved under FY21 Work Plan. The figures in this column were based on information taken from the FY21 and FY22 grant proposals approved by MoF between July 1, 2021, and April 15, 2022. These figures are anticipated, as the grants may not have influenced the investment projects at the time of submission of this annual report. 23   In Tables A2, A3, A4, A5, information on investment projects influenced which were reported in the FY21-B reporting cycle in GFDRR’s biannual reporting is also included, for reference. However, these figures are not counted in Table A1 as they are not FY22 figures. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 45 Table A1 Total of IBRD and IDA World Bank investment projects supported by Japan Program grants during reporting period Investment projects linked to the TA Investment projects influenced by TA Grants Approved in FY22 grants active during reporting period Total of IBRD financing influenced by grants during $0.53 billion $1.45 billion the project preparation phase Total of IDA financing influenced by grants during $1.48billion $ 1.02 billion the project preparation phase Total of IBRD and IDA financing influenced by grant $2.02 billion $ 2.47 billion during the project preparation phase Total of IBRD financing influenced by grants during $0.94 billion $ 1.64 billion the project implementation phase Total of IDA financing influenced by grants during $1.26 billion $ 0.33 billion the project implementation phase Total of IBRD and IDA financing influenced by grant $2.21 billion $ 1.97 billion during the project implementation phase Note: All figures are rounded down at the second decimal point to avoid over reporting. Rounding. Numbers may not add to totals because of rounding. Table A2 List of investment financing influenced during the preparation phase, by grants approved in FY2224 Grant TA Grant Name ($ Approval Investments Investment Total Financing and Country amount) FY Leveraged Lead GP Approval FY Source ($M) Priority Area 1: Resilient Infrastructure Ghana Ghana Resilient Power 2022 GH Energy Sector Energy & 2022 368 Infrastructure ($0.45) Recovery PforR Extractives (Pipeline) (IDA: 300, Co- (P173258) financing: 58, Trust Funds: 10)  Rwanda Strengthening the 2022 Rwanda Urban Transport 2023 100 Integration of Disaster Mobility Project (Pipeline) IDA Risk Management and (P176885) Resilience into the Public Transport System in Kigali ($0.5) Timor-Leste Improving Resilience of 2022 Dili Water Supply Water 2022 123.6125 Water Supply Services in Project (P176687) (Pipeline) (IDA: 121, Total Timor-Leste ($0.45) Government Contribution: 2.6125   The figures in this table were taken from the FY21 and FY22 grant proposals approved by MoF between July 1, 2021, and April 15, 2022, 24 and World Bank Operations Portal. These figures are anticipated, as the grants may not have influenced the investment projects at the time of submission of this annual report. 46 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Table A2 (cont.) Grant TA Grant Name ($ Approval Investments Investment Total Financing and Country amount) FY Leveraged Lead GP Approval FY Source ($M) Mexico Improving Adaptability 2022 Mexico: Social GPURL 2022 150 and Readiness of Housing Housing Support (Pipeline) IBRD  Programs to Disasters Project (P173570) and Climate Change Related Events in Mexico ($0.4) Jordan Disaster Resilient Amman 2022 Amman Bus Rapid Transport 2023 250 (Total Equity: Bus Rapid Transit Phase 2 Transit Phase (Pipeline) Total Government Public Private Partnership 2 - Public Private Contribution: ($0.5) Partnership 200, Private (P176451) Sector Equity: 10, Commercial Debt: 40)  Pakistan PUNJAB (PAKISTAN): 2022 Punjab Climate Water 2023 110 Improving Disaster Risk Resilience Project (Pipeline) (IDA: 100, Management Capacity in (P176743) Government Punjab ($0.56) Contribution: 10)  India Building Resilience in 2022 Assam Integrated Water 2023 120 Assam India: Integrated River Basin (Pipeline) (IBRD: 100, Total Water and Flood Risk Management Government Management ($0.44) Program (P174593) Contribution: 20)  Cambodia Mekong River Basin 2021 Cambodia Water 2023 130 3D Program: Resilient Water Security (Pipeline) (IDA: 125, Dams, Development and Improvement Project Multilateral and Downstream Communities (P176615) Bilateral Financing: ($0.25) 5)  Sub-Total 1351.6125 million (IBRD: 250, IDA: 746, Others: 355.6125) Just In Time Ghana Risk Resilient Network 2022 Ghana Digital Digital 2022 200 Infrastructure for Last- Acceleration Project Development (Pipeline) IDA mile Connectivity ($0.07) (P176126) Mali Mali – Resilient and 2022 Mali Electricity Energy & 2023 603.8 Inclusive Power Sector System Extractives (Pipeline) (IDA: 157, Multilateral Development ($0.07) Reinforcement and and Bilateral Access Expansion Financing: 44.8, Project (P176633) Commercial Financing: 402) Brazil Brazil: Support 2022 Brazil: Pernambuco Water 2023 90 Pernambuco State Rural Water (Pipeline) Government in the and Sanitation IBRD  development of resiliency Project - Projeto de towards water-scarcity Saneamento Rural challenges and rural de Pernambuco sanitation ($0.07) (PROSAR-PE) India Enhancing Resilient 2022 Gujarat Resilient GPURL 2023 280.1 Urban Infrastructure Cities Project Phase (Pipeline) (IBRD: 196, Total Investments and Flood 2 (P177799) Government Risk Management in Contribution: 84.1) Surat, India ($0.07) Sub-Total 1173.9 million (IBRD: 286, IDA: 357, Others: 530.9) 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 47 Table A2 (cont.) Grant TA Grant Name ($ Approval Investments Investment Total Financing and Country amount) FY Leveraged Lead GP Approval FY Source ($M) Priority Area 2: Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness Kenya Kenya Resilient Urban 2022 Kenya: Integrated GPURL 2023 300 Areas ($0.4) Devolution and (Pipeline) IDA  Urban Support Program (P177048) Liberia Liberia Urban Resilience 2022 Monrovia Integrated  GPURL 2022 40 Technical Assistance Development Project (Pipeline) ($0.4) (P169718) IDA Cambodia DRM Institutional 2022 Cambodia Southeast GPURL 2022 171.85 Strengthening and Asia Disaster Risk (Pipeline) (IDA: 169.4, Trust Resilience Investment Management Project Funds: 0.45, Options for the rural II (P177185) Total Government sector in the Tonle Sap Contribution: 2) region, Cambodia ($0.5)   Sub-Total 511.85 million (IDA:509.4, Others: 2.45) Grand Total 3037.3625 million (IBRD: 536 million, IDA: 1612.4 million, Others: 888.9625 million) 48 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Table A3 List of investment financing influenced during the implementation phase, by grants approved in FY2225 Investment Funding Approval FY Source ($M) (Board approval TA Grant date indicated Approval if already World Country TA Grant Name FY Investments Leveraged Lead GP approved) $ Bank Priority Area 1: Resilient Infrastructure Nigeria Nigeria: Supporting 2022 Transforming Irrigation Water Jun 19, 2014 560.3 the Storage Agenda Management in Nigeria for a More Resilient (P123112) (IDA: 495.3, Development ($0.6) Counterpart Funding: 65)   Turkey Increasing the Climate 2022 Renewable Energy Energy & May 9, 2014 475 Adaptation and Resilience Integration (P144534) Extractives of the Power Transmission (IBRD:300, System: Wind and Ice Counterpart Load Mapping ($0.6) Funding: 125, Trust Funds: 50) Renewable Energy Energy & Feb 28, 2020 458 Integration Project Extractives Additional Financing (IBRD:325, (P169143) Co-financing - Other Sources (IFIs, Bilaterals, Foundations): 133) Dominican Strengthening Disaster 2022 Water Supply and Water May 27, 2021 43.5 Republic Risk Management and Wastewater Services Resilience of Urban Water Improvement Project IBRD and Sanitation Services, (P171778) and Dam Safety in the Dominican Republic DR Resilient Agriculture and Agriculture Dec 13, 2018 80 ($0.57) Integrated Water Resources and Food Management (P163260) IBRD Pakistan PUNJAB (PAKISTAN): 2022 Punjab Rural Sustainable Water Jun 18, 2021 552 Improving Disaster Risk Water Supply and Management Capacity in Sanitation Project (IBRD: 200, Punjab ($0.56) (P169071) IDA: 242, Counterpart Funding: 110) Cambodia Mekong River Basin 2021 Mekong Integrated Water Water May 19, 2016 16.5 3D Program: Resilient Resources Management (IDA: 15, Dams, Development Project- Phase III (P148647) Counterpart and Downstream Funding: 1.5) Communities ($0.25)   The figures in this table were taken from the FY21 and FY22 grant proposals approved by MoF between July 1, 2021 and April 15, 2022, and 25 World Bank Operations Portal. These figures are anticipated, as the grants may not have influenced the investment projects at the time of submission of this annual report. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 49 Table A3 (cont.) Investment Funding Approval FY Source ($M) (Board approval TA Grant date indicated Approval if already World Country TA Grant Name FY Investments Leveraged Lead GP approved) $ Bank Turkey Turkey - Strengthening 2021 Seismic Resilience and GPURL Jun 9, 2021 265.75 Seismic Resilience and Energy Efficiency in Public (IBRD: 265, Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings Project (P175894) Trust Funds: Buildings ($0.825) 0.75) Morocco Strengthening Resilient 2021 Integrated Disaster Risk GPURL Apr 20, 2016 200 Infrastructure in Morocco Management and Resilience IBRD and Tunisia ($0.5) Program (P144539) Tunisia 2021 Tunisia Integrated Disaster GPURL Mar 11, 2021 125 Resilience Program (IBRD: 50, (P173568) Counterpart Funding: 25, Co-financing - Other Sources (IFIs, Bilaterals, Foundations): 50) Iraq Building Resilient 2021 Emergency Operation for GPURL Jul 7, 2015 750 Infrastructure and Development (P155732) IBRD Housing in Iraq ($0.5) Emergency Operation GPURL Oct 31,2017 400 for Development Project IBRD - Additional Financing (P161515) Iraq Social Fund for Social Feb 6, 2018 300 Development (P163108) Protection & IBRD Jobs Bangladesh Scale-up and 2021 Bangladesh Urban GPURL Mar 24, 2015 182 Consolidation of Urban Resilience Project (IDA: 173, Resilience Institutions in (P149493) Counterpart Bangladesh ($0.5) Funding: 9) Sub-Total 4408.05 million (IBRD:2913.5, IDA: 925.3, Others: 569.25) Just In Time Tanzania Water Resilience 2022 Second Tanzania Water Water Jan 23, 2017 230 and Disaster Risk Sector Support Project (IDA: 225, Preparedness for Dar es (P150361) Counterpart Salaam ($0.05) Funding: 5) Central Asia Strengthening Resilience 2022 Fourth Phase of the Transport Jul 30, 2020 132 and Safety of Road Central Asia Regional Links (IDA: 131, Infrastructure in Program (P166820) Trust Funds: 1) Tajikistan ($0.07) Nicaragua Mainstreaming Disaster 2022 Nicaragua-Hurricanes GPURL Jan 22, 2021 80 and Climate Resilience Eta and Iota Emergency IDA in Critical Infrastructure Response Project (P175878) after Hurricanes Eta and Iota in Nicaragua ($0.07) Sub-Total 442 million (IDA: 436, Others: 6) 50 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Table A3 (cont.) Investment Funding Approval FY Source ($M) (Board approval TA Grant date indicated Approval if already World Country TA Grant Name FY Investments Leveraged Lead GP approved) $ Bank Priority Area 2: Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness Cambodia DRM Institutional 2022 Land Allocation for Social Agriculture Jun 26, 2020 107 Strengthening and and Economic Development and Food (IDA:93, Resilience Investment Project III (P171331) Counterpart Options for the Rural Funding: 14) Sector in the Tonle Sap region, Cambodia ($0.5) Cambodia Building Disaster 2021 Cambodia Southeast Asia GPURL Apr 14, 2017 62.5 Resilience of the Angkor Disaster Risk Management (IDA: 60, World Heritage Site Project (P160929) Counterpart ($0.225) Funding: 1.5, Trust Funds: 1) Sub-Total 169.5 million (IDA: 153, Others: 16.5) Total 5019.55 million (IBRD: 2913.5 million, IDA: 1514.3 million, Others: 591.75 million) Note: GPURL = Urban, Resilience and Land Global Practice; IWT = Inland Water Transport. Table A4 List of investment financing influenced during the preparation phase, by grants active during the reporting period26 Investment Approval FY (Board approval date Grant indicated Approval if already Total Funding Country TA Grant Name FY Investments Leveraged Lead GP approved) and Source ($M) Priority Area 1: Resilient Infrastructure Niger Building Urban Resilience 2021 Niger Integrated Urban GPURL 2022 250 in Niger ($0.6) Development and Multi- (Pipeline) IDA sectoral Resilience Project (P175857) Seychelles Strengthening Coastal 2020 Seychelles First Fiscal Macro- Dec 16, 2021 35 Resilience in Seychelles Sustainability and economics, IBRD ($0.5) Climate Resilience Trade and Development Policy Investment Financing (P176420) Tanzania Building Regulation for 2020 Boosting Inclusive Growth GPURL Jun 10, 2021 150 Resilience Program Phase for Zanzibar: Integrated IDA 3 ($0.7) Development Project (P165128)   These figures are taken from GFDRR’s M&E platform cycles FY22-A and FY21-B and World Bank’s Operations Portal. 26 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 51 Table A4 (cont.) Investment Approval FY (Board approval date Grant indicated Approval if already Total Funding Country TA Grant Name FY Investments Leveraged Lead GP approved) and Source ($M) Mongolia Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar 2021 Ulaanbaatar Sustainable Transport Jun 23, 2021 100 Transport Infrastructure Urban Transport Project IBRD Asset Management and (P174007) Design for Resilience ($0.45) Vanuatu Climate and Disaster 2019 Vanuatu Climate Resilient Transport Dec 10, 2021 46.8 Resilient Transport in Transport Project - IDA Small Island Developing Additional Financing States ($1.00) (P177135) Vietnam Strengthening Urban 2021 Vinh City Priority GPURL 2022 194.5 Resilience in Vietnam: Infrastructure and Urban (Pipeline) (IBRD: 129.6, Investment Support and Resilience Development Total Government Analysis ($1.00) Project (P174157) Contribution: 64.9) Brazil Implementing Resilient 2021 Reducing Flood Risks Water 2022 168 Urban Transport Systems and Improving Living (Pipeline) (IBRD: 134.4, for Improved DRM in Belo Conditions in Ribeirao Counterpart Horizonte – MG ($0.35) Isidoro Basin, Belo Funding: 33.6) Horizonte (P174619) St. Vincent Climate and Disaster 2019 Saint Vincent and the GPURL Nov 30, 2021 42 and the Resilient Transport in Grenadines Volcanic (IDA: 40, Trust Grenadines Small Island Developing Eruption Emergency Funds: 2) States ($1.00) Project (P176943) Afghanistan Enhancing Disaster 2021 Afghanistan Water, Water Dec 11, 2020 200 Response and Resilience Sanitation, Hygiene and (IDA: 50, Trust of the Afghanistan Institutional Support Funds: 150) Urban Water Supply and Project (P169970) Sewerage Corporation ($0.435) Bangladesh Integrating Extreme 2021 Electricity Distribution Energy & Dec 21, 2021 902 Weather and Natural Modernization Program Extractives (IDA: 500, Hazard Resilience in (P174650) Counterpart the Bangladesh Power Funding: 250, System ($0.6) Trust Funds: 15, Commercial Financing: 24, Cofinancing - Other Sources (IFIs, Bilaterals, Foundations): 13) Sub-Total 2088.3 million (IBRD: 399, IDA: 1036.8, Others: 652.5) 52 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Table A4 (cont.) Investment Approval FY (Board approval date Grant indicated Approval if already Total Funding Country TA Grant Name FY Investments Leveraged Lead GP approved) and Source ($M) Priority Area 2: Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness Ethiopia Enhancing Disaster 2021 Ethiopia Integrated GPURL 2022 300 Resilience in Ethiopia Disaster Risk (Pipeline) IDA ($0.5) Management Project (P176327) Liberia Supporting Multi-risk 2020 Liberia Urban Resilience GPURL 2022 49.6 Assessment of Greater Project (P169718) (Pipeline) (IDA: 40, co- Monrovia ($0.2) financing: 9.6) Philippines Building a Culture of 2019 Fourth Disaster GPURL Sep 7, 2021 500 Disaster Preparedness Risk Management IBRD at the Local Level: Pilot Development Policy Loan Implementation of with a Catastrophe- the Philippine Disaster Deferred Drawdown Rehabilitation and Option (P177125) Recovery Guide in Poorer and More Vulnerable Provinces, Cities and Municipalities ($0.25) Tajikistan Scaling up Disaster 2019 Tajikistan Preparedness GPURL Mar 11, 2022 50 Resilience in Tajikistan and Resilience to IDA ($1.00) Disasters Project (P177779) Brazil Southern Brazil Resilience 2020 Green, Resilient and GPURL 2023 191.1632 Capacity Building Inclusive Regeneration of (Pipeline) (IBRD: 91.76, Support Grant ($0.6) the Central Area of Porto Total Government Alegre (P178072) Contribution: 38.232, Multilateral financing: 61.1712) Costa Rica Strengthening 2019 Costa Rica Climate GPURL 2023 500 Hydrometeorological Resilient Recovery and (Pipeline) IBRD Services, Preparedness Territorial Development and Response Capacities Project (P178049) in Central America ($0.6) Panama Second Panama Disaster GPURL Mar 14, 2022 100 Risk Management IBRD Development Policy Loan with a CAT DDO (P174191) Sub-Total 1690.7632 million (IBRD: 1191.76, IDA: 390, Others: 109.0032) Grand Total 3779.0632 million (IBRD: 1590.76 million, IDA: 1426.8 million, Others: 761.5032 million) 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 53 Table A5 List of investment financing influenced during the implementation phase, by grants active during the reporting period27 Investment Funding Source ($M) Approval FY TA Grant (Board approval Approval Investments date indicated if Country TA Grant Name FY Leveraged Lead GP already approved) $ World Bank Priority Area 1: Resilient Infrastructure Mozambique Strengthening Urban 2021 Mozambique GPURL Mar 19, 2019 132.27 Resilience and Disaster Disaster Risk (IDA: 90, Counterpart Preparedness in Management and Funding 36.27, Trust Mozambique ($0.5) Resilience Program Funds: 6) (P166437) Mozambique: GPURL Sep 30, 2019 190 Cyclone Idai & (IDA: 130, Co-financing Kenneth Emergency - Other Sources Recovery and (IFIs, Bilaterals, Resilience Project Foundations): 60) (P171040) Seychelles Strengthening Coastal 2020 Disaster Risk GPURL Sep 26, 2014 7 Resilience in Seychelles Management IBRD ($0.5) Development Policy Loan with CAT DDO (P148861) Somalia Kismayo Urban Flood 2021 Somalia Urban GPURL Dec 9, 2019 112 Risk Reduction and Resilience Project II (IDA: 50, Trust Funds: City-Wide Storm Water (P170922) 62) Drainage Plan (Somalia) ($0.4) Lao People’s Lao PDR: Strengthening 2021 Lao PDR Southeast GPURL Jul 6, 2017 31 Democratic Urban Flood Resilience Asia Disaster Risk (IDA: 30, Trust Funds: Republic and DRM Institutional Management 1) Capacity ($0.4) Project (P160930) Brazil Implementing Resilient 2021 Improving Mobility Transport Mar 24, 2020 100 Urban Transport and Urban Inclusion (IBRD: 80, Counterpart Systems for Improved in the Amazonas Funding: 20) DRM in Belo Horizonte – Corridor in Belo MG ($0.35) Horizonte (P169134) Egypt, Arab Upper Egypt Resilient 2021 Upper Egypt Local GPURL Sep 29, 2016 500 Republic of Road Transport Development PforR IBRD Technical Assistance (P157395) ($0.3) Iraq Informing WBG Lending 2021 Emergency GPURL Oct 31, 2017 400 Operations Financing Operation for IBRD Resilient and Learning Development Oriented School Project - Additional Infrastructure in Iraq Financing (P161515) ($0.3) India Risk Management & 2020 Assam Inland Water Transport Dec 13, 2019 110 Resilient Infrastructure Transport Project (IBRD: 88, Counterpart Development for Assam (P157929) Funding: 22) IWT ($0.2)   These figures are taken from GFDRR’s M&E platform cycles FY22-A and FY21-B and World Bank’s Operations Portal. 27 54 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Table A5 (cont.) Investment Funding Source ($M) Approval FY TA Grant (Board approval Approval Investments date indicated if Country TA Grant Name FY Leveraged Lead GP already approved) $ World Bank India Informing the Design of 2021 Nagaland: Education Dec 15, 2020 85 a Statewide Strategy Enhancing to Build Resilient and Classroom Teaching (IBRD: 68, Counterpart Equitable Schools in and Resources Funding: 17) Nagaland ($0.3) (P172213) Sri Lanka Supporting Resilient 2021 Kandy Multimodal Transport May 18, 2020 69.33 Public Transport Transport Terminal IDA Infrastructure in Kandy, Development Sri Lanka ($0.25) Project (P172342) Sub-Total 1736.6 million (IBRD: 1143, IDA:, 369.33, Others: 224.27) Priority Area 2: Risk Identification, Risk Reduction, and Preparedness Sri Lanka Climate Resilient Flood 2021 Climate Resilience GPURL Jun 25, 2019 92 Risk Management in Multi-Phase IBRD Priority Basins and Programmatic Cities ($0.25) Approach (P160005) Sub-Total 92 million (IBRD: 92) Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub Philippines Country Program 2021 Philippines Third GPURL Apr 9, 2020 500 Support Phase 2 ($1.6) Disaster Risk IBRD Management Development Policy Loan (P171440) Sub-Total 500 million (IBRD: 500) Total 2328.6 million (IBRD: 1735 million, IDA: 369.33 million, Others: 224.27 million) 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 55 ANNEX 2. Financial Statement28 Statements of Receipts, Disbursements and Fund Balance Express in US Dollars For the fiscal year For the fiscal year For the fiscal year 2022 until ended June ended June April 15, 2022 30th, 2021 30th, 2020 Opening Balance: 47,372,605 34,261,365 19,966,585 Receipts: Donor Contributions 20,000,000 25,338,162 20,000,000 Net Investment and other incomes 60,306 161,134 513,248 Total Receipts 20,060,306 24,499,296 s18,513,248 Disbursements: Project Disbursements 8,459,363 9,995,658 4,193,875 World Bank Administration Fee 23,494 0 24,594 Program Management and Administration 990,028 1,392,397 0 Expenses Total Disbursements 9,472,885 11,388,056 4,218,469 Excess of (disbursements over receipts)/ 10,587,421 13,111,240 14,294,780 receipts over disbursements Ending Balance: Ending Balance 57,960,026 47,372,605 34,261,365 Less: Undisbursed Commitments 35,129,005 33,848,719 18,124,369 Fund Available for New Grants 22,831,021 13,523,886 16,136,995 a. In FY20 initial US$20 million contribution received. Of this US$2 million was transferred to the MDTF III (TF073410) b. In FY21 initial US$25.3 million contribution received. Of this US$1 million was transferred to the MDTF III (TF073410) 28   Financial statement was developed using a new methodology. For BETFs total disbursements are subtract- ed from total grant amount and commitments for RETFs were added. Due to the change in methodology, figures may differ from those indicated in previous annual reports. 56 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ANNEX 3. List of Japanese Expert Engagement and Events Description of Japanese Expert Engagement in Grants Table A6 Phase 2 Trust Fund Country Program Grants TF # Child Fund/ Region/ Total Grant Start Date/ Grant Title PCode Country Amount (USD) End Date Description of Japanese Expert Engagement 1 Building TF0B0052/ SAR/ 5-Apr-19/31- JICA DRM team shared JICA’s ongoing Community P160005 Sri Lanka 600,000 Dec-21 DRM activities including urban stormwater Inclusive Flood management in Kalu River Basin and Management in Sri landslide mitigation projects. JICA’s Lanka approaches and methodologies were shared. 1 JICA water resources engineer specializing in hydraulics and hydrology shared expertise and contributed to the detailed design review of the salinity barrier. 2 Development and TF0B0110/ OTHER/ 2,000,000 17-Apr-19/30- Report launch event (March 11, 2022) was Implementation of P170893 World Jun-23 opened by the director of Research Division, Policy Framework MoF and 1 expert from Tokio Marine & for Financial Risk Nichido Fire Insurance Co. Ltd made a Management presentation introducing the example of against Disasters Japan on integrating DRFI solutions to strengthen the disaster resilience of critical infrastructure systems. Furthermore, 1 expert from MoF provided inputs during finalization of the APEC Report on Financial Protection of Critical Infrastructure Systems. 4 MoF representatives joined the Webinar on Sovereign Disaster Risk Insurance of the Global Knowledge Exchange (virtual) on Disaster Risk Finance organized by World Bank Group & Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) program on Disaster Risk Finance in Middle Income Countries in September 2021. A Deputy Director of the Financial System Stabilization Division presented the Japanese Earthquake Insurance Program. 3 Bhutan: Hydromet TF0B0586/ SAR/ 22,000 8-Aug-19/30- Kokusai Kogyo Co. Limited was contracted Services and P154477 Bhutan Jun-21 for design of National Emergency Operation Disaster Resilience Center through a Joint Venture with United Regional Project Consultancy (Bhutan). 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 57 Table A6 (cont.) TF # Child Fund/ Region/ Total Grant Start Date/ Grant Title PCode Country Amount (USD) End Date Description of Japanese Expert Engagement 4 Scaling up Disaster TF0B0600/ ECA/ 1,000,000 17-Jun-19/30- 4 JICA representatives attended stakeholder Resilience in P158298 Tajikistan Jun-23 workshops and shared JICA’s project for Tajikistan Capacity Development for Road Disaster Management. The shared information supported the assessment of economic impacts from disasters along key corridors, in particular potential resilience investments and operations/maintenance realities. 5 Climate and TF0B0672/ OTHER/ 1,000,000 26-Jun-19/30- 3 Japanese Professors form Kyoto University Disaster Resilient P164157 World Apr-22 provided inputs to the development of an Transport in Small e-leaning course based on their extensive Island Developing experience and knowledge on the topics States of climate change and natural hazards management in transport networks, systems, and assets; and on methods, techniques, and frameworks to integrate disaster risks considerations in transport asset management to improve climate resilience. 6 Piloting Project TF0B0808/ OTHER/ 22-Jul-19/30- 5 JICA representatives provided inputs for Resilience in Power P166122 World 500,000 Jun-22 the Expression of Interest (EoI) and reviewed Systems short-listed proposals. 7 Green and TF0B0854/ SAR/ 29-Jul-19/31- 1 expert from Sumitomo Corporation joined Resilient Industries P170688 Bangladesh 800,000 Jul-22 the GREZ Technical Committee workshop to Enhance held in June 2021 and shared Japanese Competitiveness in solutions and case studies related to Bangladesh improving the resilience of the power supply network. 1 STC provided inputs to the technical assessment of firm-to-firm industrial symbiosis. 8 Strengthening TF0B0888/ SAR/ 250,000 1-Aug-19/30- 1 Japanese expert was hired as an STC and Capacity and P175081 Bhutan Jun-23 brought Japanese expertise on conservation Information and disaster risk management of cultural Management for heritage. Improved Disaster Risk Assessment in Bhutan 9 Resilient Mass TF0B2135/ AFR WEST/ 197,388 11-Feb-20/30- 1 professor from University of Miyazaki Transit in P173537 Burkina Jun-21 was engaged in the development of a case Ouagadougou Faso study on the Japanese city experience with managing flood risks, especially through “soft” solutions and integrated planning. The case study findings informed the development of the “long list” of solutions proposed for addressing flood risks in Ouagadougou. 58 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Table A6 (cont.) TF # Child Fund/ Region/ Total Grant Start Date/ Grant Title PCode Country Amount (USD) End Date Description of Japanese Expert Engagement 10 Resilient TF0B2168/ EAP/ 180,000 8-Feb-20/30- 1 JICA representative and 1 expert from Urban Mobility P169548 Indonesia Sep-21 East Japan Railway Company joined the Diagnostics for workshop: National Level Dissemination Indonesian Cities Workshop (Online) - Addressing Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation for Mass Transit Systems in Indonesian Cities which was held in Jakarta virtually and shared the best practices of disaster mitigation measures drawing from the experience of Japan Rail-EAST and MRT Jakarta. 11 Identifying TF0B2474/ OTHER/ 150,000 20-Mar-20/31- A professor from the Institute of Industrial Japanese P167747 World Aug-21 Science at the University of Tokyo has Actionable been engaged as an STC to identify and Knowledge that analyze Japanese best practices on housing Could Increase resilience, extract lessons for policy makers, Housing Resilience and assess how these experiences could in LAC Countries be adapted to Latin American contexts to increase the resilience of the housing stock to earthquakes and other hazards. 12 Turkey Urban TF0B2526/ ECA/ 1,000,000 27-Mar-20/30- 2 STCs conducted research to develop the Resilience P173025 Turkey Apr-23 list of potential Japanese experts for a knowledge exchange on various possible topics relevant to urban resilience in Turkey. Among 2 STCs, 1 STC also provided inputs to the Japanese case studies on Japan: DRM initiatives after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake; Tokai region earthquake resistance through the TOUKAI-0 project; Urban Redevelopment Law. 2 experts from Japan Housing Finance Agency (JHF) shared Japan’s experience on providing financial support for resilient housing upgrading with representatives from MoEUCC at the virtual knowledge exchange session on December 21, 2021. 13 Myanmar TF0B2607/ EAP/ 9-Apr-20/30- Key informant interviews conducted by Strengthening P160931 Myanmar 500,000 Apr-22 4 JICA experts informed the drafting of Seismic Resilience BCRA report, particularly in terms of the descriptions of development partner landscape and capacity building support extended to Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC). Masterplans for Yangon developed in partnership with JICA were also reviewed to draw recommendations on the need to clarify land-use classifications as areas to strengthen Yangon’s building regulatory capacity. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 59 Table A6 (cont.) TF # Child Fund/ Region/ Total Grant Start Date/ Grant Title PCode Country Amount (USD) End Date Description of Japanese Expert Engagement 14 Disaster and TF0B2719/ SAR/ 8-May-20/30- 1 firm (Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Climate Resilient P171183 Nepal 300,000 Jun-22 Ltd. (TEPSCO)) and 2 STCs were contracted Renewable Energy to develop a knowledge report and guidance Power System in notes on the disaster/climate resilient power Nepal generation, transmission, and distribution. A virtual technical consultation was held with AEPC/GoN to support the client to prepare its disaster resilient renewable energy technical designs and operation manuals. 15 India Dam Risk TF0B3071/ SAR/ 150,000 20-Apr-21/31- More than 5 experts from JWA and ICHARM Assessment and P170873 India Dec-22 provided technical support in Benchmarking development of the national guidelines on Dam Safety “Operation of Dams under Seismic Condition”. 16 Disaster TF0B3960/ EAP/ 250,000 16-Sep-20/30- Discussions between the task team and Preparedness P171440 Philippines Jun-22 JICA team have been carried out to explore at the Local possibilities on how rehabilitation and Level: Pilot recovery planning will be institutionalized Implementation through the local disaster risk and of the Philippine reduction plans (LDRRMPs). The Manual Disaster for Formulating/Updating the LDRRMPs is Rehabilitation and currently being updated by the Office of Civil Recovery Guide Defense with technical assistance from JICA in Poorer and Philippines. More Vulnerable Provinces, Cities and Municipalities 17 Cambodia Urban TF0B4672/ EAP/ 10-Dec-20/31- 1 expert from UNESCO (Team Leader Flood Resilience P160929 Cambodia 300,000 Dec-22 for the preparation of the Disaster Risk Diagnostics Management Plan for Angkor Heritage and a focal point for the IUFRS coping Study in engaging with Apsara) is acting in a coordinating role. 18 Strengthening TF0B4678/ EAP/ 1,000,000 7-Dec-20/30- 1 JICA official provided inputs and analysis Urban Resilience P175981 Vietnam Jun-22 during a stakeholder workshop reviewing an in Vietnam: integrated water management and flood risk Investment management plan of Truong Giang River in Support and Quang Nam province. Analysis 19 Enhancing Disaster TF0B4742/ SAR/ 3-Jan-21/30- 1 STC (development and water sector Response and P169970 Afghanistan 400,000 Jun-23 expert) supported the preparation of the Resilience of the Terms of Reference and the procurements of Afghanistan Urban consultants to implement grant activities. Water Supply The STC will be further engaged during the and Sewerage implementation of this grant. Corporation 20 Water Security TF0B4868/ SAR/Sri 15-Jan-21/30- ICHARM was consulted on the drought and Drought P147827 Lanka 300,000 Sep-22 analysis and shared effective use of models Resilience for to analyze droughts. Water Supply in Sri Lanka 60 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Table A6 (cont.) TF # Child Fund/ Region/ Total Grant Start Date/ Grant Title PCode Country Amount (USD) End Date Description of Japanese Expert Engagement 21 Building TF0B4930/ OTHER/ 705,104 15-Jan-21/31- Following previous engagements with Regulation for P176068 World Dec-23 Japanese counterparts in Jamaica, Morocco Resilience Program and the Maldives, the World Bank task teams Phase 3 are maintaining partnerships with Japanese counterparts such as JICA and the Embassy of Japan. In particular, JICA representatives attended the Morocco BRCA Workshop in which Mr. Takashi Sakoda, First Secretary, Embassy of Japan in Rabat, Morocco was invited to provide opening remarks. Mr. Sakoda’s statements focused on Japan’s commitment to supporting the agenda of urban resilience in Morocco. 22 Implementing TF0B5016/ LAC/ 350,000 27-Jan-21/31- Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. and Nihon University Resilient Urban P169134 Brazil Jan-23 (research fellow) participated in a workshop. Transport Systems Nippon Koei presented its case study of for Improved DRM Sao Paulo Roads, financed by the WB, and in Belo Horizonte a research fellow at the Nihon University gave an overview of Japanese case studies, methodologies and solutions, and discussed how these measures can be adapted to the local context. 23 Upper Egypt TF0B5049/ MENA/ 3-Feb-21/31- Oriental Consultant Global Co., Ltd. was Resilient Road P157395 Egypt, Arab 300,000 Oct-22 contracted and developed case studies on Transport TA Republic of the experiences of road asset management Egypt in Nagasaki and Gifu, Prefectures in Japan. Experiences from Japan are expected to provide valuable insights into procuring the human resources necessary for RAM in Upper Egypt. 24 Strengthening TF0B5115/ SAR/ 350,000 9-Feb-21/30- 2 experts were hired as STCs to review the Resilient Logistic P154580 Bangladesh Sep-22 terms of reference and outputs. Infrastructure in Bangladesh 25 Strengthening TF0B5186/ ECA/ 750,000 18-Feb-21/31- Kansai T&D was contracted to share Resilience of P146788 Ukraine Dec-22 expertise: (i) disaster prevention and the Power response; (ii) power system stabilization Transmission technology; (ii) renewable energy integration; Infrastructure in (iv) upgrades of aged facilities; (v) Ukraine maintenance optimization; (vi) substation automation; and (vii) transmission line construction process. 5 experts from Kansai T&D made presentations during the knowledge sharing workshop (Virtual): Strengthening Resilience of Power Transmission Infrastructure in Ukraine, held on November 12, 2021, and shared their knowledge and practices in climate and natural disasters. 1 STC provided Japanese expertise/solution/ case studies which will be included in the training program. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 61 Table A6 (cont.) TF # Child Fund/ Region/ Total Grant Start Date/ Grant Title PCode Country Amount (USD) End Date Description of Japanese Expert Engagement 26 Enhancing Disaster TF0B5243/ AFR/ 24-Feb-21/31- 1 STC (Senior Water and Disaster Risk Resilience in P176327 Ethiopia 500,000 Dec-22 Management Expert) was engaged in the Ethiopia preparation and implementation of the activities for the basin-level risk profiles and the investment framework. 27 Strengthening TF0B7656/ EAP/ 100,000 15-Dec-21/28- Miyamoto International was one of the Resilience and P176511 Indonesia Feb-23 key speakers at the Housing Construction Construction Quality Workshop. Miyamoto International Quality of also provided technical assistance to the Subsidized Housing National Affordable Housing Program task Sector in Indonesia team on how to establish a construction Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QAQC) virtual monitoring system to enable us to systematize and scale a functional and effective QAQC system and process. Table A7 Phase 2 Trust Fund Tokyo DRM Hub Program Grants TF # Child Region/ Total Grant Start Date/ Grant Title Fund Country Amount (USD) End Date Description of Japanese Expert Engagement 1 Knowledge TF0B4405/ OTHER/ 1,000,000 5-Nov-20/31- 6 experts participated as keynote speakers, and Outreach P175863 World Aug-25 panelists and moderators at the special seminar Program Phase co-organized by the Government of Japan and 2 World Bank, “Building Back Better: Reflections on the 10th Anniversary of the Great East Japan Earthquake”. 1 JICA expert in remote-sensing meteorology with over 30 years of experience at the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) shared JICA’s experience in helping to improve hydromet services in South Asia at the South Asia Hydromet Forum (SAHF) held on November 18, 2021. JICA has been strengthening early warning systems in the region through grant aid of weather radars, transferring latest science and technology in meteorological services through the dispatch of expert teams, and providing training programs for meteorologists in South Asia, with the cooperation of JMA. 2 Country TF0B4410/ OTHER/ 1,600,000 12-Nov- JICA was invited to the consultation workshop Program P175862 World 20/31- for emergency cash transfers in early 2021. 1 Support Phase 2 Aug-25 professor from Kyoto University presented a general overview of the technical and pattern of the EEWS development process, as well as relevant features used for the EEW system in Japan at the Knowledge Exchange Designing and Operationalizing an Earthquake Early Warning System In Indonesia (InaEEWS) on December 7, 2021. 62 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Events by the DRM Hub or with Its Inputs in FY22 Table A10 List of Events Event Summary and Japanese experts engaged Link to web story June TDD: Virtual Technical Deep Dive: The Hub was invited to present overview of the Japan Program https://www.worldbank. Managing Metro Regions to Build during this TDD on Managing Metro Regions to Build Back Better org/en/events/2021/06/14/ Back Better organized by Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC). virtual-tdd-managing- metro-regions-to-build-back- Experts: Pacific Consultants Co., Ltd.; Tokyu Research Institute; Meiji better#1 University; Waseda University Seminar: ADRC Online DRR The Hub was invited to speak at this seminar organized by Asian Seminar Series - First Seminar: Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC). The findings from the report Investing in Disaster Risk “Lifeline” were shared by addressing the overview of why strategic Reduction for a Resilient Society disaster mitigation is necessary with, as appropriate, evidence- based case studies and statistics and relevant data; and how gaps and challenges of the current mitigation strategies hinder DRR efforts and how it contributes to people’s well-being and sustainable economic growth. Experts: Disaster Mitigation Research Center Nagoya University, Asian Disaster Reduction Center September Conference: The 17th World Practice Manager from GFDRR was invited to speak at the hybrid Conference on Earthquake conference organized by Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering Engineering under the auspices of the International Association for Earthquake Engineering. At the Keynote Lecture, the World Bank and GFDRR’s experience in strengthening seismic resilience was shared in the presentation “The Need to Act Now – Investments and Actions to Enhance Resilience Globally”. Experts: The University of Tokyo among many others Workshop: Green Infrastructure The Hub was invited to participate in this online seminar organized - Implementation, Integrating by the Committee on Hybrid Structures, Japan Society of Civil Green and Gray Infrastructure Engineering (JSCE) to share Green Infrastructure initiatives at World Bank. Experts: MLIT, Hokkaido University, Port and Airport Research Institute, Public Works Research Institute, Saitama University October Working Group Meeting: Meeting The Hub supported the organization of this virtual meeting. of the Working Group on Regional Participants from APEC economies and international organizations Disaster Risk Financing and discussed roles of the governments and private sectors in DRFI Insurance (DRFI) Solutions among others. Experts: MoF Knowledge Sharing: Presentation The Hub made a presentation on the Program for a research group of for Tohoku University Tohoku University. Expert: Tohoku University Training: Green Infrastructure The Hub was invited to share Green Infrastructure Initiatives at the Strategies and Practice World Bank at this training organized by Shimizu Corporation. Experts: Shimizu Corporation 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 63 Table A10 (cont.) Event Summary and Japanese experts engaged Link to web story November Seminar: 14th CityNet Disaster The Hub was invited to speak at Session 3: Saving Cities and their Cluster Seminar People with ICT and Data Driven DRR, to present how ICT can Session 3: Saving Cities and its support city resilience based on the insights from GFDRR Labs’ People with ICT and Data Driven experience. DRR Experts: Yokohama Fire Bureau, City of Yokohama December Knowledge Exchange: Designing A knowledge exchange on the “Designing and Operationalizing an and Operationalizing an Earthquake Early Warning System (InaEEWS)” was hosted by the Earthquake Early Warning Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics System in Indonesia (InaEEWS) (BMKG). A professor from Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI) at Kyoto University provided lessons learned from its continuous efforts to improve earthquake early warning systems of Japan, both technical and operational aspects, through sharing an overview of EEW systems in Japan, Japan’s efforts in improving EEW effectiveness throughout the country, and lessons learned and key takeaways for Indonesia. Experts: Kyoto University January Meeting: Meeting with The Hub was invited to join this meeting to give the overview of Infrastructure Development GFDRR’s activities and explore the collaboration with Infrastructure Institute-Japan (IDI) - Support Development Institute- Japan (IDI). IDI is the Interim Coordinator for Integrated Sediment of WACA Japan Knowledge Network serving as concierge for West Management African countries and the Japanese Water Sector supporting DRM challenges including coastal erosion, floods, and pollution. Experts: IDI February TDD: Virtual Technical Deep Dive: Tokyo DRM Hub and TDLC jointly organized a TDD on DRM and https://www.worldbank. Disaster Risk Management and Resilient Infrastructure. 17 Japanese experts showcased Japan’s org/en/events/2022/02/14/ Resilient Infrastructure decades-long journey towards the development of disaster risk virtual-technical-deep-dive- management systems to protect infrastructure and promote disaster-risk-management- resilience in key sectors for society’s wellbeing. 33 delegates and-resilient-infrastructure- from client countries participated and shared their infrastructure tdlc challenges endeavoring to find appropriate solutions by learning from their global peers. Experts: Cabinet Office, MLIT, MIC, Kobe City, Sendai City Working Group Meeting: MLIT The Hub was invited to join the 5th meeting of MLIT Green Green Infrastructure Platform Infrastructure Platform Finance Working Group Meeting as an Finance WG Meeting observer. Experts: MLIT, The Real Estate Companies Association of Japan, Ministry of the Environment, Development Bank of Japan Inc., MS&AD Insurance Group Holdings, Inc., CSR Design Green Investment Advisory, Co. Ltd., SOKEN CO., LTD., Shiga Committee for Economic Development 64 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Table A10 (cont.) Event Summary and Japanese experts engaged Link to web story Forum: International Forum on The forum was hosted by Fire and Disaster Management Agency, Fire and Disaster Management Japan (FDMA). Per request from FDMA, the Hub shared this forum info with relevant stakeholders in the Kyrgyz Republic. Experts: FDMA March TDD: Virtual Technical Deep The Hub was invited to present overview of the Program during this https://www.worldbank. Dive: Low Carbon Climate-Smart TDD on Low Carbon Climate-Smart Cities organized by TDLC. org/en/events/2022/03/14/ Cities virtual-tdd-low-carbon- Experts: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Kyoto climate-smart-cities#1 City 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 65 ANNEX 4. Status of FY22 TA grants in pipeline, as of May 31, 2022 Japan TF Phase 2 FY22 Priority Value FY Country Region Envelope GP Area (USD) Status Allocation Bangladesh SAR Resilient Rural Mobility in Transport, 1 585,000 Submitted, FY22 Bangladesh Environment, Pending GPURL Approval Seychelles AFR Seychelles: Enhancing GPURL 2 250,000 Submitted, FY22 Coastal and Urban Resilience Pending Approval Maldives SAR Strengthening Resilience GPURL 2 350,000 Approved on FY22 and Construction Quality of April 28, 2022 Subsidized Housing Sector in the Maldives Madagascar AFR Climate and Natural Disaster Transport/ 1 600,000 Submitted, FY22 Resilient Transport in GPURL Pending Madagascar Approval Armenia ECA Building Regulation for GPURL 1 130,000 Submitted, FY22 Resilience in Armenia Pending Approval Uruguay LAC Informing WBG Operations Education GP/ 1 300,000 Approved on FY22 Financing Resilient and GPURL May 25, 2022 Learning Oriented School Infrastructure in Uruguay Tajikistan ECA Scaling Up Resilient School Education GP/ 1 300,000 Submitted, FY22 Infrastructure in the Republic GPURL Pending of Tajikistan Approval Egypt, Arab MENA Enhancing Climate and GPURL 2 350,000 Approved on FY22 Republic of Disaster Resilience in May 25, 2022 Egyptian Cities and Governorates Albania; ECA Supporting Resilient and GPURL 2 500,000 Approved on FY22 Serbia; North Climate-smart Transitions in May 25, 2022 Macedonia; Western Balkan Cities Bosnia and Herzegovina; Kosovo Bangladesh SAR Climate and Disaster GPURL 2 500,000 Submitted, FY22 Resilient Urban Development Pending in Bangladesh Approval Cambodia EAP Informing WBG Operations Education/ 1 400,000 Submitted, FY22 Climate Resilient and GPURL pending Learning-Oriented School approval Infrastructure in Cambodia Philippines EAP Resilient School GPURL 1 500,000 Submitted, FY22 Infrastructure in the Pending Philippines Overview approval 66 JAPAN–WORLD BANK PROGRAM FOR MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Japan TF Phase 2 FY22 Priority Value FY Country Region Envelope GP Area (USD) Status Allocation India SAR Open data for Kerala GPURL 2 550,000 Submitted, FY22 pending approval Croatia ECA Supporting Disaster GPURL 2 500,000 Submitted, FY22 Resilience in Croatia pending approval Tanzania AFR Resilient Mobility in Transport 1 600,000 Submitted, FY22 Tanzania’s Intermediate Urban, pending Cities Resilience and approval Land Colombia LAC Strengthening Colombia’s GPURL 2 500,000 Under Local FY22 Resilience to Natural and Consultation Climate-induced Hazards at Subnational and Sectoral Level Kenya AFR Resilient Commuter Transport/ 1 500,000 Under Local FY22 Rail System in Nairobi Urban-DRM Consultation Metropolitan Area Nigeria AFR Building Urban Climate and Urban, 2 500,000 Under Local FY22 Disaster Resilience in Nigeria Disaster Risk Consultation Management, Resilience and Land GP Algeria MENA Algeria DRM Strategy for GPURL 2 150,000 Under FY22 Operation Development India SAR Supporting Resilient and GPURL 2 400,000 Under Local FY22 Inclusive Development in Consultation Uttarakhand Turkey ECA Supporting Resilient GPURL 2 825,000 Under FY21 and Green Urban Built Development Environment in Turkey Note: The pipeline information in this table is indicative and projects under development are subject to change. 2021–22 ANNUAL REPORT 67