Republic of Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project - P173296 RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK-RPF April 2022 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... II LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................................... VII GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................................................................................................. IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ XI 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Project Description.................................................................................................................. 6 1.2.1 Proposed Project Development Objective (PDO) ........................................................... 6 1.2.2 Project Beneficiaries ....................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Project Components ............................................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 Component 1: Strengthen Climate-Smart Agricultural Research, and Seed Systems (US$ 45 million–IDA). .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.3.2 Component 2: Promoting Adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices and Value Chains (US$190 million-IDA). .......................................................................................................... 9 1.3.3 ................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.4 Purpose and Objectives of this Resettlement Policy Framework ......................................... 12 1.4.1 Purpose of the RPF ........................................................................................................ 12 1.4.2 Objectives and Methodology for the RPF ..................................................................... 13 1.5 Methodology Used for The RAP Preparation........................................................................ 14 1.5.1 Review of the Project Documents ................................................................................ 14 1.5.2 Stakeholder and Participatory Approaches .................................................................. 14 2 POLICY LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................... 18 2.1 Policy Framework.................................................................................................................. 18 2.1.1 The Social Development Sector Strategic Investment Plan (SDIP 2) 2011/12–2015/16 18 2.1.2 The Uganda National Land Policy 2013 ........................................................................ 18 2.1.3 Access to Land for Investment ...................................................................................... 18 2.1.4 Measures for Protection of Land Rights ....................................................................... 18 2.1.5 Rights for Minorities ..................................................................................................... 18 2.1.6 National Gender Policy 1997 ........................................................................................ 19 2.1.7 HIV/ AIDS Policy ............................................................................................................ 19 2.1.8 Uganda Resettlement/Land Acquisition Policy Framework, 2001 ............................... 20 ii Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 2.1.9 Ministry of Works and Transport Policies (Gender, HIV/AIDS OHS) 2008 .............. 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Bookmark not defined. 2.1.10 The National HIV/AIDS Policy, 2011 .............................................................................. 20 2.1.11 Operation Wealth Creation........................................................................................... 20 2.1.12 The National Policy for Disaster Preparedness and Management October 2010 ........ 20 2.1.13 National Development Plan III 2020/21 to 2024/25 ..................................................... 20 2.1.14 National Agricultural Policy (NAP) 2013 ....................................................................... 21 2.1.15 National Irrigation Master Plan for Uganda (2010-2035) ............................................. 21 2.2 Legal Framework ................................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995 ........................................................ 21 2.2.2 Acquisition, Valuation of Land and other Assets .......................................................... 22 2.2.3 Valuation ....................................................................................................................... 22 2.2.4 Dispute Resolution and Grievance Mechanisms .......................................................... 22 2.2.5 The Children’s Act, Cap 59 ............................................................................................ 22 2.2.6 The Land Act, Cap 227................................................................................................... 23 2.2.7 Local Governments Act, Cap 243 .................................................................................. 23 2.2.8 The Physical Planners Act, 2010.................................................................................... 24 2.2.9 Domestic Violence Act 2010 ......................................................................................... 24 2.3 Institutional Framework........................................................................................................ 24 2.3.1 Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries ................................................ 24 2.3.2 Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD) ................................... 24 2.3.3 Local Administration Structures.................................................................................... 24 3 PROCESS FOR PREPARARTION AND IMPLEMENTATTION RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLANS ..... 33 3.1 Identification of Project Sites ................................................................................................ 33 3.2 Overall RAP Process .............................................................................................................. 34 3.2.1 Screening ....................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.2 RAP Preparation ............................................................................................................ 34 3.2.3 Consultation and Participatory Process ........................................................................ 34 3.2.4 Disclosure and Notification ........................................................................................... 35 3.2.5 Documentation and Verification of Land and Other Assets ......................................... 35 3.2.6 Compensation and Valuation........................................................................................ 35 3.2.7 Public Consultation and Participation ........................................................................... 35 3.2.8 Census of Affected Entities ........................................................................................... 35 3.2.9 Socio- Economic Surveys ............................................................................................... 36 3.2.10 Replacement Cost Survey ............................................................................................. 36 3.2.11 Income Restoration ....................................................................................................... 37 iii Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 4 SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS ....................................................... 38 4.1 Social Baseline ....................................................................................................................... 38 4.1.1 Project Baseline Description ......................................................................................... 38 4.1.2 Karamoja sub-region ..................................................................................................... 40 4.1.3 Elgon sub-region ........................................................................................................... 44 4.1.4 Lango Sub-Region.......................................................................................................... 49 4.1.5 Acholi sub-region .......................................................................................................... 52 4.1.6 Kabarole Sub-Region ..................................................................................................... 54 4.1.7 Busoga Sub Region ........................................................................................................ 56 4.1.8 West Nile Sub-Region.................................................................................................... 58 4.1.9 Nebbi District ................................................................................................................ 58 4.1.10 Yumbe District ............................................................................................................... 59 5 POTENTIAL RESETTLEMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONS .................................................... 60 5.1 Potential Project Impacts ...................................................................................................... 60 5.2 Potential Negative Impacts ................................................................................................... 61 5.3 World Bank Criteria for Determining Eligibility for Compensation ...................................... 65 5.3.1 Entitlement Matrix ........................................................................................................ 65 5.4 Vulnerable Groups ................................................................................................................ 70 6 METHODS OF VALUING AFFECTED ASSETS .......................................................................... 71 6.1 Valuation and Compensation of Assets ................................................................................ 71 6.1.1 Replacement Cost ......................................................................................................... 71 6.1.2 Valuation for Customary Land ...................................................................................... 72 6.1.3 Valuation for Government Owned Land ....................................................................... 72 6.2 Determination of Compensation Payment ........................................................................... 73 6.2.1 Compensation Packages ............................................................................................... 73 6.2.2 Compensation Payments .............................................................................................. 73 6.3 Compensation for Land ......................................................................................................... 74 6.3.1 Basis for Valuation ........................................................................................................ 74 6.4 Determination of Crop Compensation Rates ........................................................................ 74 6.4.1 Compensation for Loss of Crops ................................................................................... 74 6.4.2 Compensation for Buildings and Structures ................................................................. 75 6.4.3 Compensation for Sacred Sites ..................................................................................... 75 7 STAKEHOLDER AND COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION ............................ 76 7.1 Public Consultation and Participation ................................................................................... 76 7.2 Stakeholder identification..................................................................................................... 76 iv Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 7.2.1 Stakeholder Engagement .............................................................................................. 77 7.2.2 Consultation and mapping ............................................................................................ 77 7.3 Consultation Phases .............................................................................................................. 77 7.3.1 Data Collecting Phase.................................................................................................... 78 7.3.2 Implementation Phase .................................................................................................. 78 7.3.3 Community Involvement and Sensitization .................................................................. 78 7.3.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Phase ................................................................................. 78 7.3.5 Notification Procedure .................................................................................................. 78 7.3.6 Documentation ............................................................................................................. 79 7.3.7 Contract Agreement...................................................................................................... 79 7.4 Preliminary Stakeholder Engagements ................................................................................. 79 7.5 Linking Resettlement Implementation to Civil Works .......................................................... 84 7.5.1 Disclosure Arrangements for RPF and RAPs ................................................................. 84 8 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT FOR RPF IMPLEMENTATIONERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 8.1 Roles and Responsibilities of Key Players ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.1.1 Capacity Needs Assessment for Implementation of RPF and RAPError! Bookmark not defined. 8.1.2 Capacity Building at Selected Project Sites ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.1.3 Capacity Building for Collaborating Institutions .............. Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.1.4 Capacity Building, Training and Technical Assistance ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.2 Training in overseeing RAP Planning, Preparation and Managing Implementation ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.3 Training in Vulnerability Assessment and Management During Resettlement .............. Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.4 Trainings in Social Safeguards .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 9 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ..................................................................................... 85 9.1 Introduction and Purpose ..................................................................................................... 85 9.1.1 Purpose and Objectives of GRM ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 9.1.2 Sources of Grievances ................................................................................................... 85 9.1.3 GRM Principles ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 9.2 Grievances Management Structures .................................................................................... 86 9.2.1 Grievances Management Committees (GMCs) ............................................................ 87 9.2.2 The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS) ..................................................... 92 10 MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN ............................................................................... 93 10.1 Objectives and Scope ............................................................................................................ 93 v Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 10.2 Internal Monitoring Process ................................................................................................. 94 10.2.1 Monitoring During Resettlement .................................................................................. 94 10.2.2 Monitoring After Resettlement .................................................................................... 94 10.3 External Monitoring Process ................................................................................................. 94 10.4 Supervision by the DONOR AGENCY ..................................................................................... 96 10.5 Completion audit .................................................................................................................. 97 10.6 Responsibility of the Authorities........................................................................................... 97 10.7 Indicators to Determine Status of Affected People ................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.8 Indicators to Measure RAP Performance ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.9 Reporting and Documentation ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 11 RPF BUDGET AND FUNDING.............................................................................................. 107 11.1 Estimates and Funding Sources .......................................................................................... 107 11.2 RPF Budget .......................................................................................................................... 107 11.3 Disclosure ............................................................................................................................ 108 11.4 Source of Funds................................................................................................................... 108 12 PREPARATION OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLANS ............................................................. 109 12.1 Consultation and Participatory Approaches ....................................................................... 109 12.2 Disclosure and Notification ................................................................................................. 109 12.3 Documentation and Verification of Land and other Assets ................................................ 109 12.4 Compensation and Valuation.............................................................................................. 109 13 ANNEXES ......................................................................................................................... 111 13.1 ANNEX 1: World Bank Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) ........................................... 111 13.2 ANNEX 2: Minutes for Stakeholder Engagements .............................................................. 112 13.3 ANNEX 3: SAMPLE GRIEVANCE AND RESOLUTION FORM .................................................. 140 13.4 ANNEX 4: GRIEVANCE CLOSE OUT FORM ........................................................................... 141 vi Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Sub-regional poverty outlook for Uganda ............................................................................ 3 Figure 1-2: Difference in poverty levels after and COVID-19 by sub-regions (Extracted from: Uganda National Household Survey 2019/2020) ................................................................................................. 4 Figure 4-1: Sub-Regions where the Project will be implemented (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2022) ........... 39 Figure 4-2: Karamoja Sub-Region (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2020) ............................................................ 41 Figure 4-3: Livelihoods zone map of Karamoja ..................................................................................... 43 Figure 4-4: Bugisu Sub-Region (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2022). ................................................................ 45 Figure 4-5: Teso Sub-region map (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2022)............................................................. 49 Figure 4-6: Lango Sub-Region (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2022). ................................................................. 51 Figure 4-7: Acholi Sub-Region (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2022).................................................................. 54 LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Stakeholders consulted ........................................................................................................ 16 Table 2-1: Gaps between World Bank and Ugandan legislation applicable to each impact ................ 27 Table 4-1: Population of Karamoja Districts ......................................................................................... 41 Table 5-1: Summary of likely adverse resettlement impacts and management measures ................. 62 Table 5-2: Entitlement matrix ............................................................................................................... 67 Table 6-1: Valuation information .......................................................................................................... 71 Table 6-2: Forms of compensation ....................................................................................................... 73 Table 7-1: Summary of Key Issues Raised ............................................................................................. 79 Table 9-1: Examples of Grievances ....................................................................................................... 86 Table 10-1: Outcome Indicators ........................................................................................................... 96 Table 11-1: Proposed RAP Budget ...................................................................................................... 107 Box 1: Sample Terms of Reference for External Monitoring Agency ................................................... 95 vii Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF LIST OF ACRONYMS UCSAT: Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project ESIA: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESS: Environmental Social Standards ESMF: Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP: Environmental and Social Management Plan GO: Grievance Officer GoU: Government of Uganda GRM: Grievance Redress Mechanism NEMA: National Environment Management Authority PCDP: Public Consultation and Disclosure Procedure PAD: Project Appraisal Document PAP Project Affected Person RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF: Resettlement Policy Framework ToRs: Terms of Reference MAAIF: Uganda National Roads Authority viii Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF GLOSSARY OF TERMS Unless the context dictates otherwise, the following terms will have the following meanings: � Census: means a field survey carried out to identify and determine the number of Project Affected Persons (PAP) or Displaced Persons (DPs) because of land acquisition and related impacts. The census provides the basic information necessary for determining eligibility for compensation, resettlement and other measures emanating from consultations with affected communities and the local government institutions (LGIs). � Project Affected Person(s)- PAPs: are persons affected by land and other assets loss as a result of project activities. These people(s) are affected because they may lose, be denied, or be restricted access to economic assets; lose shelter, income sources, or means of livelihood. These persons are affected whether or not they will move to another location. � Compensation: means the payment in kind, cash or other assets given in exchange for the acquisition of land including fixed assets thereon as well as other impacts resulting from the project activities. � Cut-off date: is the date of commencement of the census of PAPs or DPs within the Project program area boundaries. This is the date on and beyond which any person whose land is occupied for the project will not be eligible for compensation. � Displaced Persons: mean persons who, for reasons due to involuntary acquisition or voluntary contribution of their land and other assets under the project, will suffer direct economic and or social adverse impacts, regardless of whether or not the said Displaced Persons are physically relocated. These people may have their: standard of living adversely affected, whether or not the Displaced Person will move to another location, lose right, title, interest in any houses, land (including premises, agricultural and grazing land) or any other fixed or movable assets acquired or possessed, lose access to productive assets or any means of livelihood. � Involuntary Displacement: means the involuntary acquisition of land resulting indirect or indirect economic and social impacts caused by: Loss of benefits from use of such land; relocation or loss of shelter; loss of assets or access to assets; or loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the Displaced Persons has moved to another location; or not. � Involuntary Land Acquisition: is the repossession of land by government or other government agencies for compensation, for the purposes of a public Project against the will of the landowner. The landowner may be left with the right to negotiate the amount of compensation proposed. This includes land or assets for which the owner enjoys uncontested customary rights. � Land: refers to agricultural and/or non-agricultural land and any structures there on whether temporary or permanent and which may be required for the project. � Land acquisition: means the repossession of or alienation of land, buildings or other assets thereon for purposes of the project. ix Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF � Resettlement and Compensation Plan: also known as a Resettlement Action Plan-RAP (or A Resettlement Plan) is a resettlement instrument (document) to be prepared when program locations are identified. In such cases, land acquisition leads to physical displacement of persons, and/or loss of shelter, and /or loss of livelihoods and/or loss, denial or restriction of access to economic resources. The party affecting the people and their livelihoods prepares RAPs. RAPs contain specific and legal binding requirements to resettle and compensate the affected party before implementation of the project activities. � Replacement cost: means replacement of assets with an amount sufficient to cover full cost of lost assets and related transaction costs. The cost is to be based on Market rate (commercial rate) according to Ugandan law for sale of land or property. In terms of land, this may be categorized as follows; (a) � Replacement cost for agricultural land: means the pre-project or pre-displacement, whichever is higher, market value of land of equal productive potential or use located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the costs of: (b) preparing the land to levels similar to those of the affected land; and (c) any registration and transfer taxes. � Replacement cost for houses and other structures: means the prevailing cost of replacing affected structures, in an area and of the quality similar to or better than that of the affected structures. Such costs will include: (a) transporting building materials to the construction site; (b) any labour and contractors’ fees; and (c) any registration costs. � Resettlement Assistance: means the measures to ensure that project Affected Persons and Displaced Persons who may require to be physically relocated are provided with assistance during relocation, such as moving allowances, residential housing or rentals whichever is feasible and as required, for ease of resettlement. � Stakeholders—Any or all individuals, groups, organizations, and institutions interested in and potentially affected by a project or having the ability to influence a project. � Vulnerable groups: People who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related development benefits. � The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF): has been prepared as an instrument to be used throughout project implementation stage. The RPF will be disclosed to set out the resettlement and compensation policy, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of the people who may be affected by the program. The Resettlement Action Plan (RAPS) for the under the project will be prepared in conformity with the provisions of this RPF. x Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The proposed Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation Project interventions will target addressing the primary drivers of poverty in the northern and eastern regions of the country, which are anchored in low productivity from engaging in low value economic activities making communities more vulnerable to climate change shocks. The project will support investments in technology and market-driven productivity increases in climate smart value chains. These investments will contribute to reversing the effects of climate change thereby sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and household incomes while enhancing resilience to climatic shocks. Proposed Project Development Objective(s) To increase productivity and marketed volumes of selected climate smart value chains and enhance resilience of beneficiaries in the project area. Project Components The UCSAT Project components are Component 1: Strengthen Climate-Smart Agricultural Research, Seed and Agro-Climatic Information Systems: with 4 sub-components; Sub- component 1.1: Planning and Institutional Strengthening for Development and Dissemination of CSA TIMPs and Weather advisories (US$ 15 –IDA); Subcomponent 1.2: Supporting Climate-Smart Agricultural Research and Innovations (US$35 million – IDA); Sub-component 1.3: Building Competitive and Sustainable Seed Systems (US$15 million–IDA); Sub-component 1.4: Strengthening Agro-Climatic Monitoring and Information Systems (US$ 10 million– IDA). Component 2: Promoting Adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices and Value Chains (US$240 million-IDA); Sub-Component 2.1. Building and strengthening institutional capacity for productivity enhancement and resilience, and for promotion of climate smart value chains, and service delivery (US$45 million-IDA): Sub-Component 2.1.1: Building and strengthening farmer institutional capacity for adoption of CSA TIMPs for Refugees and Host Communities (US$7.5 million Sub-Component 2.2. Productivity Enhancement and Resilience Investments (US$80 million–IDA; US$7.5million - WHR): The sub-component will provide community level investments to promote up-scaling; Sub-Component 2.3: Investments in market development for Value chains (US$65 million – IDA; US$ 15 million - WHR): Component 3: Project Coordination, Management, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (US$30 million–IDA). Project Financing UCSATP is estimated to cost US$350 million. The project will be financed through an International Development Association (IDA) Credit of US$300 million equivalent with USD 50million will be through counter funding through the Ministry Finance, Planning and Economic Development. The Government will be responsible for counterpart financing to cover some operating costs, and any compensation that may arise in the project. Project areas The project will be implemented in 69 districts and will directly benefit about 2,850,000 individuals. The direct beneficiaries of the project are the users of land and its resources including crop, livestock and fish farmers, pastoralists, forest users, refugees and their host communities defined by their agro-ecologies, farming systems, socio-economic factors, geopolitics, and land xi Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF tenure. Agro-ecological zones included are: (i) North-Eastern Dry Lands (Karamoja); (ii) North- Eastern Savannah Grasslands (East Acholi and Northern Lango); (iii) Kyoga Plains (SE Lango, Teso, Bukedi and northern Busoga); Western highlands, southern Highlands, Southern drylands, lake Albert crescent and (iv) Eastern (Elgon) Highlands (Bugisu and Sebei). These sub-regions and agro- ecological zones are targeted because of increasing and high levels of poverty, and land and natural resource degradation; as well as low value production. Institutional arrangements The Project implementation will involve several institutions at both the national and local governments levels. Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) will be the lead implementing agency with primary operational guidance and implementation functions. A Project implementation Manual (PIM) will describe institutional relationships at both national and District levels; their roles and responsibilities; the development and approval of Action Plans and annual workplans and budgets (AWP/B). At the national level, the project will establish the Public Sector Management Working Group (PSMWG) and a Technical working committee (TWC) comprised of Permanent Secretaries and technical officers of relevant line ministries (Office of the Prime Minster (OPM), Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), Ministry of Trade Industry and Cooperatives (MoTIC), Ministry of Water and Environment (MoWE), Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED) and Ministry of Local Government (MoLG) and its Agencies). These ministries have experience of implementing Bank-funded projects. The roles and responsibilities of these committees will among others include formulation and coordination of sector strategies, providing technical and operational guidance, harmonization of sector policies and programs and developing and monitoring sector performance indicator. At local government level, the project will be implemented through the District Production Officer and District Environmental and Natural Resources Officer together with subcounty extension and community development officers. In addition, community-based facilitators will be recruited to support subcounty implementation. The overall coordination and supervision of the project at the district level shall be handled by the Chief Administrative Officers (CAO) who will also be in charge as the accounting officer. Purpose and Objectives of Resettlement Policy Framework-RPF Under UCSATP, the finer details of its sub-project’s locations, scope, technology and technical specifications of projects which are likely to have direct bearing on land requirements and hence the scope of displacement are not known at the moment. In the absence of such information, this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared to lay down the broad framework for policy, procedures, entitlements, eligibility criteria, mechanism for addressing grievances, framework for stakeholder and Project Affected Persons (PAPs) participation and institutional arrangements to govern response to and resolution of displacement impacts of project implementation. The RPF will seeks to ensure that any possible adverse impacts of proposed project activities to people’s livelihoods are minimized and addressed through appropriate mitigation measures, in particular, against potential impoverishment risks. This RPF has been prepared consistent with the applicable policy provisions and best practices relating to land acquisition and compensation as provided both in GoU Land Acquisition policies and laws as well as World Bank ESS 5(Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement). xii Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Scope The purpose of the RPF is to clarify resettlement principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied to sub-projects or project components to be prepared during project implementation. Precise location(s) of (sub) project activities and the need for compensation is not known at this stage. However, the activities of the project may lead to land acquisition, restrictions on land use and involuntary resettlement; and as a result, there is need to put in place a framework for resettlement planning and implementation. Once the sub-project or individual project components are defined and the necessary information becomes available, such a framework will be expanded into a specific plan proportionate to potential risks and impacts. Project activities that will cause physical and/or economic displacement will not commence until such specific plans have been finalized and approved by the Bank and fully implemented. Therefore, this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) will guide the management of issues associated with land acquisition, restrictions on land use and involuntary resettlement in relation to infrastructure investments financed under the UCSAT project and guide the preparation of Resettlement Action Plans. This RPF seeks to ensure that in the event that Government through the MAAIF seek to acquire land for project activities, any possible adverse impacts of proposed project activities are minimized and addressed through appropriate mitigation measures. Consultations on the RPF Stakeholder consultations on the draft RPF were carried out as part of the overall preparation of the environmental and social and safeguards documents for the UCSATP. The consultations involved discussions with stakeholders at national, district and local communities’ lev els as well as representatives of vulnerable and marginalized groups. The purpose was to capture perceived project impacts and concerns relating UCSATP and devise measures in the instruments for enhancing the positive impacts and mitigating negative impacts, as well as providing a platform for project stakeholders to air their views, concerns and recommendations for incorporation into the final project instruments. Disclosure The RPF alongside other environmental and social safeguards documents will be disclosed through the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries website- https://www.agriculture.go.ug and advertised widely in the local media. The final and approved RPF shall be disclosed in the World Bank external website. Legal and Policy Framework. There are a number of national policies and legal frameworks that regulate land relations in Uganda that will be applicable to this project. These frameworks define land rights, ownership, procedures and requirements of transfer and acquisition of land between individuals and groups. They also provide procedures for the acquisition of land by the state or a public body for public projects. Among the most important legal instruments in this regard are: The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (1995), The Land Act (1998), The Land Regulations, (2004) The Local Government Act (1992), and The Land Acquisition Act (1965), The National Land Policy, 2013 and the National Gender Policy, 1997 xiii Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF The World Bank’s Environment and Social Standard on Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement, ESS5, is to be complied with where involuntary resettlement, impacts on livelihoods, acquisition of land or restrictions to access to natural resources, may take place as a result of the project. In comparison to Ugandan law that defines rights to land ownership and ownership of property per se, the World Bank’s ESS 5 goes further to highlight the important relationship between property rights, human settlement and the need to maintain people’s source of livelihood. It complements existing law in Uganda related to property rights and land ownership by recognizing the socio- economic value this presents to persons affected. The higher of the two standards will be followed in this policy framework, since that procedure also satisfies the requirements of the lesser standard. Screening Social screening will be undertaken at an early stage before project implementation for all potential subprojects to be undertaken in selected project areas to determine potential social risks and impacts. This is inform the need for conducting Social Impact Assessment (SIA) and preparing Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). This screening will be carried out in close consultation with various primary stakeholders. Potential Impacts Construction of infrastructure such as construction of water for production infrastructure and desilting and rehabilitation of existing ones, rehabilitation of farm access roads, establishment of aquaparks, fish cages and ponds, construction of livestock facilities such as holding grounds, import and export quarantine stations, and livestock markets, construction of storage facilities among others may have the following potential positive impacts: • Improved nutrition amongst the population: • CSA project interventions are geared towards improved crop production such as access to improved climate smart seed varieties, improved use of fertilizers • support the youth and women intervention in Agriculture for both skilled and unskilled youth; • Through the e-Voucher system farmers will have access to and hence increase the use of improved inputs. • Skills development and trainings The likely potential resettlement risks and impacts that may arise before, during and after the implementation phase of the projects, which include: • Loss of land • Livelihood changes for some communities • decline in accessing communal resources • Misuse of compensation money • disruption of social relations and ties due to resettlement. • Loss of structures used for housing • Loss of other structures • Loss of Agricultural Land / Pasture Land • Loss of Crops (perennial and seasonal) • Loss of Trees Eligibility for Benefits xiv Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF The basic principle followed in this RPF is that PAPs should be assisted in their efforts to improve their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least to restore them to pre-Project level whereby lack of legal title does not exclude individuals from the eligibility to receive compensation and/or rehabilitation assistance. PAPs eligible for compensation will include: a. those who have formal legal rights to land or other assets, and b. those who initially do not have formal legal rights to land or other assets but have a claim to legal rights based upon customary and traditional rights; upon the possession of documents such as land tax receipts; or upon the permission of local authorities to occupy or use the project affected plots. c. those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying are also eligible for compensation for immoveable assets. People illegally occupying public land are not eligible for compensation for loss of land but will be eligible for compensation of the immovable assets and potential loss of livelihood. The Entitlement Matrix The RPF has an entitlement matrix to provide for compensation measures for different losses for different categories of Project Affected Persons. It will guide the entitlements during RAP preparations and implementation. The following principles will guide payment of compensation for lost assets: � Compensation shall be paid prior to acquisition or displacement; � Compensation shall be extended to all PAPs irrespective of tenure status, with exceptions of PAPs with no formal rights to land who cannot be compensated for land; � Compensation will be at replacement cost meaning that replacement of assets with an amount sufficient to cover full cost of lost assets and related transaction costs; � Compensation for structures shall include the full cost of materials and labour required for reconstructing a building of similar surface and standing; � In case of physical displacement and depending on tenure category, PAPs will be provided transition assistance such as moving allowances, subsistence allowances and alternative plot or house where possible; � PAPs will be provided with development assistance in addition to compensation measures such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities, where available; � In cases where in-kind replacement is not the preferred option of the PAPs, then the cash compensation will be based on the replacement cost. For the purposes of this RPF, the use of replacement value, or market value, will mean the higher value of two options; and � Vulnerable groups will need to be identified and provided with extra support according to their vulnerability. Grievance Redress Mechanism The project will develop a robust grievance redress system from the community to national level building on similar lessons from other projects implemented by MAAIF and funded by the World Bank (such as Agriculture Cluster Development Project-ACDP, Uganda Multisectoral Food Security and Nutrition Project-UMFSNP) as well as those other development partners e.g., AfDB. The Grievance Officers at the project districts and at the national levels will establish a register of resettlement/compensation related grievances and disputes. xv Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF This RPF recommends a four-tier grievance mechanism- at the community, district, national and resolution through courts of law. It is desirable to resolve all the grievances at the community level to the greatest extent possible. To achieve the community or settlement level grievance mechanism must be credible and generally acceptable. The grievance redress mechanisms will aim to solve disputes at the earliest possible time in the interest of all parties concerned. Funding Implementation of this RPF Generally, it is not possible to predict the nature, scope and fiscal implications of displacement likely from the activities of the project. Indeed, realistic working budgets will only be available once individual RAPs for sub-projects have been completed; but going by the expressed policy of minimising displacement and adoption of in-kind compensation, the monetary implication of displacement is greatly mitigated. The costs towards land acquisition and resettlement will be financed from the counterpart funding and be included as part of overall cost of the sub-project. Monitoring and Evaluation The purpose of monitoring and evaluation is to report on the effectiveness of the implementation of the RAPs, and the outcomes and impact of compensation on the PAPs in relation to the purpose and goals of the RAPs. The M&E will be undertaken at two levels, namely: a. Internal monitoring: This will be undertaken regularly by the UCSATP Monitoring Officer; and, b. External evaluations (or end-time of RAP implementation): Evaluations will be undertaken by an independent consulting firm hired by UCSATP. Evaluation will be necessary in order to ascertain whether the livelihood and income restoration goals and objectives have been realized. xvi Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Uganda’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth is declining while poverty is increasing. GDP growth averaged close to 8 percent per annum the decade prior to 2012 but has since slowed to around 5 percent and is further projected to decline because of the COVID19 crisis. Real GDP per capita growth roughly halved since 2015 to 1.1% compared to the 2010-15 period. The latest poverty data shows that poverty has moderately increased since 2012/13. According to the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS), between 2012 and 2016 Uganda’s poverty rate stopped declining and instead deteriorated moderately to 21.4%; a 1.7%-point increase that resulted in around 1.4 million Ugandans slipping into poverty. A sizeable portion of Uganda’s population remains vulnerable to poverty and significant welfare setbacks in the wake of a shock. In addition to the 21.4% Ugandan households classified as poor, about 44% largely rural poor-are considered vulnerable and are therefore susceptible to falling into poverty as a result of climate shocks. The Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS reported that in 2021, while 8.4% of households moved out of poverty, 10.2% slipped into poverty demonstrating the country’s fragile gains in addressing poverty. Moreover, regional distribution of poverty is highly concentrated in the Northern and Eastern Regions of the country where 21.6% and 10.7% of people are chronically poor respectively. Sub-regionally, poverty distribution levels indicated an increase in poverty levels for Karamoja and Acholi in 2018/2019 when compared to poverty levels in 2016/2017, while marginal reductions were observed in Teso, Busoga and Bukedi but still remained above the national average of 21.4%. Low productivity is as major driver of poverty and is exacerbated by climate shocks 1. Severe climate shocks affected the income of agricultural households, who accounted for about three quarters of the poverty increase. Low commercialization rates and poor adaptation capacities to cope with climate related hazards exacerbated the impacts of the climate shocks in 2016/17. In Uganda especially North and Eastern Uganda, flood events associated with heavy rainfall are often followed immediately by droughts in form of long dry spells. Households have also struggled to cope with external shocks such as price shocks. Headline inflation rose to 5.6%, and food crop price inflation rose to 13% in 2017. Widening regional inequality and natural resources degradation also contributed to poverty increases. The ongoing COVID19 crisis is predicted to further increase household vulnerability to poverty and poverty levels are expected to increase by 7.9% points. It is predicted that 3.3 million people will fall into poverty because of the COVI19 crisis2 . A strong relationship exists between natural resource degradation, poverty, and economic loss. Rapid natural resource degradation contributes to economic loss and poverty due to negative impacts on agriculture and the reduction of valuable goods and services like wood and hydro 1 Between 2012/13 and 2016/17 there was drought, crop and livestock pest and disease outbreaks, floods and storms that resulted to sharp changes in prices. These events were more prevalent among the rural areas except for sharp changes in prices of commodities that was highly ranked in the urban areas. The prevalence of drought was almost universal except in the sub-regions of Elgon and Kigezi. Sharp changes in prices were most common in the sub-regions of Lango, Central II, and Karamoja. Bukedi sub-region was most hit by crop pests and diseases followed by Lango, while Karamoja was most affected by livestock diseases (100%). Teso sub region was affected by storms and floods. 2 Estimating Income Losses and Consequences of the COVID-19 Crisis in Uganda: https://www.theigc.org/wp- content/uploads/2020/11/Younger-et-al-2020-Final-report.pdf 1 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF energy, construction materials, and ecosystem services derived from natural capital. Between 1990 to 2015, forest cover loss accounted for an economic loss worth US$ 1.2 billion, wetland degradation accounts for an average of US$ 1.5 million of value of wetlands, soil nutrient loss due primarily to erosion was accounts US$ 625 million per year. Moreover, poverty has mainly been linked to massive natural resource degradation through unsustainable exploitation as seen in the districts in the sub-regions of Bukedi, Busoga, Acholi and Mt. Elgon areas. The reduction in agricultural productivity is worsening poverty especially among agriculture-dependent people and in areas where degradation of land especially through erosion, forest loss and wetland degradation is highest with limited interventions. As Figure 1-1 below shows, areas of Busoga, Elgon, Bukedi, and Teso have continued to experience extreme poverty levels with significant increases in poverty, largely attributed to degradation of land and its natural resources with limited or inadequate interventions in natural resource management, adaptation to impacts of climate change and poverty reduction. While poverty levels in Karamoja, West Nile and the North, remain high, they are declining due to investments in poverty reduction, natural resource management and climate change adaptation. Without adequate action, social and economic losses are expected to be more pronounced in the marginalized regions of the country where declining resilience of rural households would have devastating impacts on agricultural productivity, food security, incomes, and poverty reduction. The prospects for economic growth and poverty reduction can only be achieved if natural resource degradation is addressed and agriculture productivity boosted sustainably3. On the other hand, it is noted that, Kagadi district emerges to be the poorest in Uganda a GDP per capita of Ugx. 205,843 which is way below the national GDP per capita average of Ugx. 474,547. Other Bunyoro districts; Hoima, Masindi, Buliisa and Kiryandongo and Kakumiro fall among those with average GDP its Kibaale district with a GDP of Ugx. 2,119,820 ($587). Others are Mpigi, Mbarara, Mbale, Nwoya, Lyantonde and Gulu. Generally, districts in Central and Western Uganda have larger per capita GDP estimates than eastern and northern Uganda. Other districts at the top are; Wakiso at the top, followed by Kampala (Shs9,587,960), Mukono (Shs6,276,410), Masaka (Shs4,911,350), Jinja (Ugx. 4,261,320) and Buikwe 4,059,0804. 3 Project Concept Note for Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation Project (P173296) March, 2022- The World Bank 4 https://eizooba.co.ug/kagadi-ranked-poorest-district-in-uganda. A study conducted by Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of International Studies and University of Denver all from the United States of America 2 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Figure 1-1: Sub-regional poverty outlook for Uganda5 As the COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures continue to be in place poverty is expected to rise. Already, the recent UBOS national household survey revealed that COVID-19 has disrupted the Uganda’s poverty reduction trajectory by increasing poverty from 18.7% before COVID-19 to 21.9% during COVID-19. The results further reveal that the poverty increase due to COVID 19 was higher in Teso, Tooro, Bukedi and Karamoja as shown in the Figure 1-1. In addition, COVID-19 has triggered one of the worst job crises globally and in Uganda, resulting in increased poverty and widening income inequality. To earn a living, many people are being forced into agriculture and more land is being cleared for farming. Agriculture is itself being impacted by poorly distributed torrential rains, frequent droughts, and floods thus significantly affecting agricultural productivity. As a result, many people have turned to charcoal burning and sale of wood fuel as a source of income, thus threatening forest and tree cover and exacerbating environmental challenges. Some of the trees at risk of extinction are the shea nut and tamarinds tree species since they are hardwood trees and make durable and high-quality charcoal and fuelwood used in about 94% of homesteads and some institutions such as schools and prisons. The forest and tree cover issue is of particular concern in Uganda because about 70% of Uganda’s forests are on private and customary land, much of which is not sustainably managed. These challenges are likely to reduce household incomes and increase food insecurity risks. The 5 https://eprcug.org/eprc-highlights/poverty-drivers-highlighted-during-financing-social-protection-workshop 3 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF structural shifts brought on by COVID-19 will further alter behaviours and will have implications for creating appropriate incentives to address climate risk challenges6. Figure 1-2: Difference in poverty levels after and COVID-19 by sub-regions (Extracted from: Uganda National Household Survey 2019/2020) Furthermore, Uganda is one of the most vulnerable and least adapted countries to climate change, ranking 166 out of 181 countries on the ND-GAIN Country Index7. Agriculture sector in Uganda is heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture with resultant Climate Shocks having significant direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity and incomes. It is predicted that Uganda will continue to experience rising temperatures, which will increase to more than 20C by 20308. Increasing climate variability as well as extreme weather events such as droughts or floods hit the economy hard, reduce food production, increase food prices, and contribute to an already vulnerable food security situation, particularly in the North-eastern regions. Extreme weather phenomena are projected to become more frequent and intense, worsened by unsustainable land use practices and the expansion of agricultural land into other ecosystems such as forests and wetlands. Soil degradation and erosion, caused by unsustainable land management, has further reduced agricultural productivity and increased vulnerability. About 39 percent of the country has unsustainable mean soil loss rates of more than 1 tonne per ha per year. In recent years, the lack of resilience has resulted in huge losses in livestock and crops. For instance, due to 6 Vignesh Sridharan, Eunice Pereira Ramos, Eduardo Zepeda, Brent Boehlert, Abhishek Shivakumar, Constantinos Taliotis and Mark Howells (2019): The Impact of Climate Change on Crop Production in Uganda—An Integrated Systems Assessment with Water and Energy Implications. Water 2019, 11, 1805; doi:10.3390/w11091805 7 The Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) country index summarizes a country's vulnerability to climate change and other global challenges in combination with its readiness to improve resilience. It aims to help governments, businesses and communities better prioritize investments for a more efficient response to the immediate global challenges ahead. The Country Index uses 20 years of data to rank 180 countries annually (https://environmentalchange.nd.edu/resources/nd-gain/). 8 USAID (2013, August). “Uganda Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Report�. 4 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF the 2010/11 drought, Uganda lost US$470 million in food crops, cash crops and livestock – the equivalent of approximately 16 percent of the total annual value of crops in 2011 (OPM 2012)9. Adoption of new technologies such as improved seed varieties and livestock breeds, inputs or mechanized traction have remained low. For example, by 2011, only 7 percent of farmers rented, and 8 percent owned ox-ploughs. Only 8 percent of small famers apply inorganic fertilizer with access to major output markets positively affecting usage rate. Low adoption of climate smart technology is associated with the following;(i) high initial costs of adoption of the CSA technologies and establishment of necessary structures to undertake SLM practices, (ii) weaknesses in commodity markets to anticipate or recover or even justify SLM investments, (iii) climate change and land tenure systems, (iv) misalignment and absence of incentive mechanisms that influence smallholder farmers’ ability to address immediate or short term climatic risks; (v) misalignment with societal and cultural values and norms that govern factors such as labor, gender, identity and beliefs (vi) Limited investments in mechanization, (vii) returns on investments of the technologies and the associated opportunity cost of investing in the technology when compared to existing practices. More broadly, poor policy harmonization, weak or absent institutional arrangements, inadequate land use plans and limited support to local governments, weak farmer groups, poor mindset of the farmers and institutions, and limited investments in CSA friendly value chains that release pressure on land, are all factors that have contributed to increased vulnerability to climatic shocks. Appropriately designed livelihoods support programs can increase resilience, reduce uncertainty, and encourage investments related to Climate Smart Value chains including technologies and management practices. Evidence from Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF 3) showed that livelihoods support interventions increase resilience of households, smooth food consumption and reduce negative coping strategies. In order to address poverty and reverse the impacts of land degradation, promote the adoption and scale up of appropriate land management practices and climate smart technologies for sustained productivity and poverty reduction, the Government of Uganda would need to: (i) invest in strengthening institutions at varying levels - communities and local governments - to promote mindset change among policy makers and communities regarding the benefits of promoting climate smart technologies, innovations and management practices in select value chains; (ii) provide and apply appropriate incentives or instruments to enhance adoption of climate smart technologies and SLM practices, adapted to different typologies based on their cost effectiveness; (iii) invest in institutional building to enhance community resilience to climatic shocks; (iv) establish land use plans; (v) improve land administration and land use rights by empowering local governments and community institutions as well as harmonization of institutions; (vi) promote value chains that do not put pressure on land by promoting value addition and agro-processing while addressing poverty and land degradation nexus; (vii) improve and strengthen knowledge management and; (viii) invest in early warning systems, surveillance and forecasting by establishing and strengthening the institutional architecture that can effectively respond and make adjustments in real time. Climate change mitigation and environment management are critical elements to achieving increased household incomes and improved quality of life for the population. The NDP III 9 Closing the Potential-Performance Divide in Ugandan Agriculture, World Bank Report (2018) 5 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF champions interventions aimed at stopping and reversing the degradation of Water Resources, Environment, Natural Resources as well as the effects of Climate Change on economic growth, jobs, and livelihood security. The development plan also highlights the need for community mobilization for mind-set change to address development impacts of shocks like climate change, COVID 19, and locust invasion among others. The proposed interventions to enhance incentives that facilitate investments into technologies and improved management practices such as the use of the Payment for Ecosystem Services and the Labor-Intensive Public Works programs are consistent with Uganda Strategic Investment Framework for Sustainable Land Management 2010 – 2020 and as well as the National Environment Act (2019). Investments in both short-term and long-term measures will not only enhance adoption of technologies for value chain development but also influence the overall continued utilization of SLM practices. Apart from increasing productivity, the TIMPs to be promoted need to reflect the needs of the markets so that the commodities produced have attributes demanded by the market. The project proposes criteria10 that will guide selection of commodity value chains to be invested in. Some of these are indicated to illustrate: North-Eastern Drylands: Beef; poultry; apiary; and pigeon peas; Kyoga Plains: Fruits (citrus & mangoes); dairy, and aquaculture, and; Eastern (Elgon) Highlands: Coffee Arabica; dairy; vegetables; Irish potatoes. These investments are also likely to yield reductions in GHG emissions as a potential co-benefit, where possible. This will be achieved through; (i) Building and supporting institutional structures that will facilitate uptake, adoption and continued use of Technology, Innovations and Management Practices (TIMPs) through for value chain related activities; (ii) Investments to promote upscaling and adoption of TIMPs for productivity enhancement, resilience and sustainability in selected value chains through incentive approaches such as Labour-Intensive Public Works (LIPW) and Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) adapted to context and location; storage and value addition (iii) Promoting improved access to markets by facilitating farmer organizations to invest in post- harvest management, storage and value addition infrastructure; (iv) Investments that support multiplication/replication to ensure consistent access and availability to climate smart seed systems through partnerships between research, private sector and farmer organizations; and (v) investments to strengthen climate risk predictions, response and planning at all levels for improved decision making. 1.2 Project Description 1.2.1 Proposed Project Development Objective (PDO) The proposed project development objective is to increase productivity, marketed volumes and resilience of select-value chains in the project area. 1.2.2 Project Beneficiaries The project will be implemented in 62 districts and will directly benefit about 2,850,000 individuals. Given that project intervention areas will also cover refugee hosting districts, about 50,000 refugees are expected to directly benefit from project activities bringing the total number of direct beneficiaries to about 2.9 million. The direct beneficiaries of the project are the users of land and its resources including farmers, fish farmers, pastoralists, forest users, refugees and their host communities defined by their agro-ecologies, farming systems, socio-economic factors, 10Criteria for selection of climate smart value chains will include: i) market availability/potential; (ii) suitability for the agro- ecology; (iii) increases resilience and adaptation to climate change, (iii) improves quality of land and its resources; iv) profitability; (v) potential for value addition and export; (vi) contributes to food security and nutrition. 6 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF geopolitics, and land tenure. Agro-ecological zones included are: (i)North-Eastern Dry Lands (Karamoja); (ii) North-Eastern Savannah Grasslands (East Acholi and Northern Lango); (iii) Kyoga Plains (SE Lango, Teso, Bukedi and northern Busoga); Western highlands, southern Highlands, Southern drylands, lake Albert crescent (iv) Eastern (Elgon) Highlands (Bugisu and Sebei) (v)Western (Bunyoro) (vi) South Western (Kigezi) (vii) Northern Buganda and Ankole Sub-region. These sub-regions and agro-ecological zones are targeted because of increasing and high levels of poverty, and land and natural resource degradation; vulnerability to vagaries of climate change as well as low value production. The project will target individuals (smallholder and largescale farmers), farmer groups, cooperatives, and self-help groups. The project will also target the poor and vulnerable households as well as marginalized groups youth, women, and the elderly. Priority and attention shall be given to youth engagement and at least 40% of the direct beneficiaries are expected to be women. The indirect beneficiaries are the household members of the project participants and the users of the rehabilitated lands and sustainably managed natural resources that have not benefited directly from the project but benefitting directly from project activities. 1.3 Project Components The project consists of five (5) components:(i) Strengthening Climate Smart Agricultural Research, Seed and Agro-Climatic Information Systems; (ii) Promoting Adoption of Climate Smart Agricultural Technologies and Practices; (iii) Investments in Market Development and Linkages to Selected Value Chains; (iv) Contingency Emergency Response, and (v) Project Coordination, Management, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning. These include:. 1.3.1 Component 1: Strengthen Climate -Smart Agricultural Research, and Seed AND Agro-climatic information Systems (US$ 45 million – IDA). This component will support the development, validation, packaging, dissemination and adoption of context- specific CSA Technologies, Innovations & Management Practices (TIMPs) to target beneficiaries. It will facilitate investments to develop sustainable seed production, and marketing systems. It will enhance climate risk management to improve prediction of, response to, and planning capacity for climate change management at the national, local and community levels. The component will also strengthen technical and institutional capacity to deliver technologies and support the development of the seed delivery systems. Sub-component 1.1. Supporting Climate-Smart Agricultural Research and Innovations (US$8.8 million – IDA).  This subcomponent will finance the adaptation, validation, and dissemination of context-specific CSA TIMPs that will be developed and validated through demand-driven adaptive research and technology incubation approaches. More specifically, this sub-component will finance collaborative research programs to develop and promote CSA TIMPs. Under the sub- component, the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) will administer a Competitive Research Grant (CRG) scheme to finance adaptive and applied research activities for development of demanded CSA TIMPs and emerging technology needs. Funding will be provided through two critical windows: Window 1 - to support adaptation of generic technologies to various agro-ecologies and needs; and Window 2 - to support research addressing emerging climate change challenges for which technologies may not be readily available for uptake and adaptation. Research will be conducted through partnerships with the private sector, academia, and various players in the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) and will include TIMPs demanded by farmers from Refugee Hosting Districts (RHDs).  The subcomponent will also 7 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF support training of MSC and PhD scientist to build critical capacity for Climate Smart Agriculture research. Sub-component 1.2: Building Competitive and Sustainable Seed Systems (US$12.9 million – IDA; US$1 million – WHR). This sub-component will facilitate partnerships between the National Agriculture Research System, the private sector, and farmer organizations to multiply seeds, planting materials and stocking materials that are climate smart. Support will be provided for capacity building of farmers and farmer organizations to multiply seeds and stocking materials, establish out-grower schemes in the community; and directly contract with private sector multipliers. The sub-component will finance crop, livestock, and aquaculture breeding programs; and promote private sector and community (farmers) involvement in production and distribution of commercial seed. Interventions will be aimed at strengthening seed, breed, and fingerling production systems including strengthening decentralized Artificial Insemination (AI) services by supporting service providers to acquire infrastructure, equipment, technology and technical skills for seed production. Quality assurance of seeds and breeds will be undertaken by the relevant MAAIF institutions through established channels. Financial support will be provided through matching grants depending on the seed and breed actors. Guidelines for matching grants will be developed as part of the Project Implementation Manual (PIM). Sub-component 1.3. Strengthening Agro-Climate Monitoring and Information Systems (US$12.6 million-IDA). The sub-component will finance the production, transmission and timely delivery of accurate weather data and information. It will support the strengthening of agro-weather forecasting and its dissemination tools through: (a) improving agro-meteorological forecasting and monitoring; (b) using big data to develop a climate-smart, agro-weather information system and advisories; and (c) building the technical capacity for agro-meteorological observation and forecasting, and real time delivery of weather information and advisories to target farmers including refugees and host communities. The sub-component will finance: (iI) establishment of functional automated weather stations in locations where gaps have been identified; (ii) partnerships with local and international institutions to support climate information development using global data sources such as satellite data; (iii) developing agroclimatic and climate smart digital tools to facilitate access to early warning, agroclimatic, and pest and disease surveillance information; (ivii) establishment of soil organic carbon monitoring reporting and verification of Greenhouse Gas Removals including lab analysis for tracking application, adoption and impact of TIMPs; and (v) enhancement of UNMA’s capacity in agro-met data collection, management, analysis and dissemination.  Sub-component 1.4. Strengthening Institutional Capacity for Development and Dissemination of CSA TIMPs (US$31.3 million – IDA; US$1.3 million – WHR). This sub-component will support strengthening technical and institutional capacity of the ZARDIs and the Animal Genetic Resources Centers (ANGRCs) to deliver CSA TIMPs, and support development of sustainable climate smart seed delivery systems to all the project districts including RHDs. Under technical capacity strengthening the sub-component will finance: (a) short-term training and re-tooling of staff (mainly from ZARDIs) in CSA research; (b) hiring interns in specialized areas to support the existing scientific staff at ZARDIs; (c) strengthening research-extension linkage through specified training of district subject matter specialists (SMSs) and improving knowledge management systems; and (d) training of district extension staff, and farmer producer organizations on use of weather and climate information and advisories. Institutional capacity building activities will finance the 8 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF refurbishment and/or upgrading of selected facilities and infrastructure such as communication equipment, animal experimental structures, seed stores, small seed processing plants and fish fingerling production structures. Financing will be provided for upgrading and operationalizing the Weather Information Dissemination System (WIDS) using ICT platforms and provisions made for laboratory and value addition equipment, motor vehicles, and farm machinery for selected institutions. 1.3.2 Component 2: Promoting Adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture technologies and Practices (US$190 million-IDA). The component will support investments in and adoption of climate smart agriculture (CSA) technologies, innovations, and management practices (TIMPs), including sustainable land management (SLM) practices for improved resilience, agricultural productivity, and incomes in project areas.  Sub-Component 2.1. Productivity Enhancement and Resilience Investments for income generation (US$168 million – IDA; US20 million - WHR). This sub-component will finance CSA investments1 in the form of community micro-projects identified through participatory processes, and strategic district level sub-projects to help beneficiaries achieve the triple wins of increased productivity, enhanced resilience, and reduced GHG emissions. Financing will cover project districts including Refugee Hosting Districts (RHDs). To finance these investments, matching grants will be provided through two windows: (i) community-level investments to finance micro-projects; (ii) district-level investments to finance strategic larger sub-projects that benefit several sub-counties and communities. The sub-component will provide incentives at the district level to promote adoption of climate smart sustainable land management (SLM) technologies and practices on both communally and privately owned lands. The sub-component will provide an incentive to small-holder farmers in their communities, to participate in the construction of recommended soil and water conservation (SWC) structures such as terraces, contour bunds, and water retention ditches, restoration of degraded wetlands, riverbanks, and lakeshores stabilization work on communally owned land. The sub-component will provide payments for Labor Intensive Public Works (LIPW) mainly during the agricultural off-season, to catalyze the promotion and adoption of appropriate SLM technologies. Communities participating in the LIPW will be encouraged to save some of the resources earned from the LIPW contracts in their group savings. They will be trained in the management of village revolving funds (VRFs) to be used in the sustainable maintenance of the established SLM structures. The sub-component will also provide financial incentives to farmers whose private lands constitute a large part of the watershed, that construct and adopt recommended SLM practices. This will enable implementation of a holistic and integrated watershed management approach. All promoted SLM practices will be applied to the selected value chains to ensure sustainable productivity increases.  Mechanization and irrigation services to enhance commercial production as well as weather information education will also be provided to target beneficiaries through appropriate financing arrangements. Non state actors including private sector service providers will be contracted to provide services that the public extension system is not well placed to provide. 9 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF  Sub-component 2.2: Productivity enhancement and resilience for food and nutrition security in refugee settlements (US$5 million – WHR). The sub-component will support refugees to access TIMPs for their selected crops, livestock including poultry and aquaculture including soil and water management, and agroforestry. Selected commodities will primarily focus on addressing food and nutrition requirements for refugee settlements given the critical challenges of food shortages and reduced funding to refugee settlements. A nutrition grant will be provided for investments in FGs micro-projects such as sourcing for foundation technologies for group multiplication and demonstrations. Given the poor food and nutrition status of especially the under 5-year-olds in the refugee camps, this subcomponent shall scale up existing food systems-based approaches for dietary diversity e.g., mainstreaming backyard/kitchen gardens for production of micronutrient- rich foods, adoption of micronutrient rich cultivars like iron rich beans, orange-fleshed sweet potatoes, and production and consumption of Vitamin C rich foods. The production of such micro- nutrient foods by CIGs in refugee hosting districts for sale and supply to refugee settlements will also be supported. Under the sub-component financing will be provided to partner organizations that support nutrition education to refugees and host communities with particular emphasis on children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. Funding will be provided to POs to enhance information and knowledge management on food and nutrition education in refugee settlements Secondary support will be provided through a matching grant to organized refugee farmer groups to access quality inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, micro-irrigation kits and mechanization among others, to enable them increase productivity of the selected value chains. Where necessary, this support would include facilitating refugee households’ access to financial services. At production level, appropriate mechanization and water for agricultural production technologies will be provided on a case-by-case basis. Refugee FGs will be supported through TA, to manage an internal savings mobilization scheme, which will double as revolving fund scheme. The scheme will be a source of financing for individual farmers’ needs including matching the micro-project grant for purchase of production inputs, equipment, and application of CSA TIMPs. Sub-Component 2.3. Building institutional capacity for productivity enhancement, resilience, and strengthening service delivery (US$4 million-IDA; US$ 7.5 million - WHR). This sub-component will build institutional capacity at the district, sub-county, parish, and community levels to plan, implement, manage, and monitor sub-county/district sub-projects and community micro-projects in project area. Specifically, the sub-component will invest in: (a) building the capacity of districts, sub-counties in CSA planning and prioritization of needs and mobilizing and organizing farmer groups and aggregating them into higher level institutions (Producer Associations and Producer Organizations); (b) strengthening the capacity of districts and sub-counties to deliver agricultural extension services and oversee implementation of sub-projects; and (c) contracting of non-state actors to support community mobilization and strengthening of farmer and community institutions in planning and implementation of micro-projects. The Community Driven Development (CDD) approach will be used to enable the project to re-orient community mindset towards climate change mitigation and adaptation for ecosystem protection and restoration, and to manage technology uptake and promotion. The sub-component will also facilitate the provision of information, knowledge and advice through farmer field schools and lead farmers established and selected for the purpose of last mile service delivery. 10 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Institutional capacity building and strengthening in refugee settlements and RHDs will be based on existing institutions established in refugee settlements and RHDs and/or modified to best suit promotion of CSA TIMPs. Relations between farmer institutions in refugee settlements and in host communities will be strengthened. Financing will support (i) capacity building of common interest farmer groups in refugee settlements and in host communities for increased productivity and resilience; (ii) strengthening relations between farmer institutions in refugee settlements and in host communities for efficient project implementation; (iii) strengthening capacity of the Refugee Hosting Districts (RHDs) local governments as well as humanitarian and development agencies in provision of agricultural extension services; (iv) recruitment of community-based facilitators (CBFs) in refugee settlements and host communities to provide last mile service delivery to beneficiaries; (v) support the development of Agricultural settlement land management plans by MAAIF and OPM for each RHD with input from United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); and (vi) developing partnerships between refugees and host communities for land utilization to increase access to land for agricultural production. ▪ COMPONENT 3: INVESTMENTS IN MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND LINKAGES FOR SELECTED VALUE CHAINS). The objective of this component is to improve access to remunerative markets through increased access to harvesting, post-harvest handling, storage, value addition, and market linkage services, equipment, and infrastructure by higher-level institutions (Producer Associations and Producer Organizations (POs) established under sub-component 2.3. Sub-component 3.1: Investments in Market development and linkages for selected value chains for non-refugee districts (US$44 million – IDA). The project will support farmers who are not refugees through investments in (i) Strengthening the institutional capacity of POs for demand articulation, business planning and market access; (ii) Business Development Services which include (i) strengthening of the POs in governance; and managerial and technical capacity; (ii) technical skills in entrepreneurship and business plan development; (iii) financial literacy and linkage to the formal financial sector; (iv) negotiation; and (v) partnership development and networking through Productive Alliances (PAs) with potential off-takers and other value chain stakeholders. Farmers in POs will receive services through Technical Assistance (TA) by the existing pluralistic agricultural extension system and private service providers and through Matching grants. Financing will also be provided for: (iii) Clean energy equipment, machinery and infrastructure for harvesting, post-harvest management and value addition to minimize losses, improve the quality and shelf-life of produce under a cost-sharing mechanism; (iv) Promoting market linkages to enable the production generated to access remunerative markets and (v) investments into market infrastructure and access roads, where such investments significantly improve enterprise viability and reduce commodity/product losses and where a clear need has been established.  This will improve efficiency, scale up operations and increase the profitability of enterprises while reducing the carbon footprint of the agri-food value chain. The project will also finance the rehabilitation of infrastructure for specific road bottlenecks and trouble spots on rural roads, which constrain access to physical input and produce markets. 11 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Sub-component 3.2: Investments in Market development for selected value chains for refugees and host communities (US$13.3 million – WHR). The sub-component will provide the following services (i) Skills development for improved service delivery by selected youth; and district and sub-county local government extension staff; and (ii) Investments in clean-energy equipment, machinery, and infrastructure for harvesting, post-harvest, value addition to minimize losses, improve the quality and shelf-life of produce and market access facilities including rehabilitation of existing road chokes, where a clear need has been established. ▪ COMPONENT 4: CONTINGENCY EMERGENCY RESPONSE). This zero-cost component will finance eligible expenditures under the Immediate Response Mechanism (IRM) in case of natural or man-made crises or disasters such as severe droughts, floods, specific pest and disease outbreaks, severe economic shocks, or other crises and emergencies that may occur in Uganda. This contingency facility can be triggered through formal notification of an emergency by the relevant government authority and upon a formal request from the Government to the World Bank through the MoFPED. In such cases, funds from other project components will be reallocated to finance emergency response expenditures to meet agricultural crises and emergency needs. The emergency response would include mitigation, recovery, and reconstruction following the crisis and disasters. Implementation of this subcomponent will follow a detailed Contingent Emergency Response Implementation Plan (CERIP) satisfactory to the World Bank that will be prepared for each Eligible Crisis of Emergency. ▪ COMPONENT 5: PROJECT COORDINATION, MANAGEMENT, MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING). This component will support the operational expenditures related to the management and the monitoring and evaluation of the project, including E&S management. Specifically, the subcomponent will support: (i) Building the technical capacity of MAAIF staff and project stakeholders on World Bank Environment and Social standards applicable to the project; (ii) stakeholder engagements, preparation and implementation of site specific instruments and tools including mainstreaming of ESHS aspects in other sector operations (iii) Strengthening ESHS compliance monitoring and supervision; (iv) Enhancing MAAIF’s safeguards management infrastructure such as E-ESHS safeguards tracking system, hazardous waste disposal facilities and analytical monitoring equipment (such as Liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LCMS), High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), accessory equipment, glass wares, standards and reagents for testing the quality of pesticides, portable test kits for rapid detection of fake fertilizers among others); (v) Strengthening Grievance Redress Mechanism structures, (vi) Acquisition of ESHS safeguards statutory permits and certificates in respect of project components, (vii) Strengthening gender mainstreaming aspects in the project including SEA/GBV and (viii) Strengthening stakeholder, institutional participation, and mindset change including protection of vulnerable groups. 1.4 Purpose and Objectives of the Resettlement Policy Framework 1.4.1 Purpose of the RPF 12 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF The purpose of the RPF is to clarify resettlement principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied to sub-projects or project components to be prepared during project implementation. Precise location(s) of (sub) project activities and the need for compensation is not known at this stage. However, the activities of the project may lead to land acquisition, restrictions on land use and involuntary resettlement; and as a result, there is need to put in place a framework for resettlement planning and implementation. Once the sub-project or individual project components are defined and the necessary information becomes available, the framework will be expanded into a specific plan proportionate to potential risks and impacts. Project activities that will cause physical and/or economic displacement will not commence until such specific plans have been finalized and approved by the Bank and fully implemented. Therefore, this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) will guide the management of issues associated with land acquisition, restrictions on land use and involuntary resettlement in relation to infrastructure investments financed under the UCSAT project and guide the preparation of Resettlement Action Plans. This RPF seeks to ensure that in the event that Government through the MAAIF seek to acquire land for project activities, any possible adverse impacts of proposed project activities are minimized and addressed through appropriate mitigation measures. The potential risks associated with any decision to acquire land for the project or sub-projects by government through MAAIF can be minimized by: a. Avoiding displacement of people as much as possible; b. Having a well-designed resettlement process in place; in the event that displacement is required; c. Compensating in a timely manner for losses and ensuring resettlement assistance d. Identifying public or community infrastructure, property or services that may be affected Ensuring mitigation of land acquisition associated risks such as GBV and family break up, are planned for upfront. The prevention and response to such risks should be mainstreamed in the land acquisition and involuntary resettlement process. This RPF has been prepared to provide guidelines on addressing any potential physical and/or economic displacement impacts. The RPF has provided a Voluntary Land Donation Procedure/Land Donation Consent Form (See Annex 5), if participating farmers are required to donate their land to host project activities. Based on the current description of the components, there will be minimal land-take requirements and restricted to material construction sites, areas where housing infrastructures can be erected which in most cases will be within existing institutions which all adds to minimal need risks of triggering this ESS. 1.4.2 Objectives for the RPF The objectives of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) are to: a. Provide framework guidance in identifying and managing situations when the project may lead to physical or economic displacement/resettlement or interfere with their cultural resources. Any compensation measures will be implemented in accordance with this RPF; b. Guide the management of all social issues associated with land acquisition, restrictions on land use and involuntary resettlement in relation to infrastructure investments financed under UCSAT Project and ensure that the resettlement aspects of the project are adequately 13 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF understood and addressed. During the development of this RPF, special reference was made, but not limited to the current national socio-economic dynamics, World Bank Environment and Social Standards and, the Uganda legal, policy and institutional framework as applicable to the implementing ministry and line ministries specifically under the UCSAT Project; and c. Provide a thorough understanding of how the developed RPF will be applied by the MAAIF and other implementing agencies and what type of tools, technical inputs, institutional capacity and other kinds of support will be required for its effective use and implementation. d. Define the eligibility criteria for identification of project affected persons (PAPs) and entitlements; e. Describe the consultation procedures and participatory approaches involving PAPs and other key stakeholders in resettlement planning; f. Provide procedures for filing grievances and resolving disputes; and g. Describe the organizational arrangements, implementation process, monitoring and arrangements for funding. 1.5 Methodology Used for The RPF Preparation The RPF for the UCSAT Project has been prepared based on the following methodology: a. , b. Desk review/ review of project documents c. Key stakeholder consultations. In preparation of the RPF, qualitative methods of data collection were mainly employed to generate the required information. In all the approaches, the methods assessed awareness/knowledge of the land acquisition processes and current land acquisition challenges, institutional capacities to handle land acquisition, suggestions and recommendations were sought. 1.5.1 Review of the Project Documents Document review was undertaken to provide background information as well as an overview of the Policy, Legal and institutional framework for the project. During the preparation of the Resettlement Policy Framework, the following documents were assessed and reviewed amongst others: • Draft (ToR) for a Consultancy for preparation of Resettlement Policy Framework; • Draft ESMF report for Emergency Locust Control Project MAAIF 2021; • ESMF for ACDP Project MAAIF, 2014; • ESMF for UMSFSNP MAAIF 2022; • UBOS, 2020 the Annual Agriculture Survey Report; • The Third National Development Plan-NDP III 2020/21–2024/25; • Draft Uganda Organic Agriculture Policy, 2009; • Land Use Policy, 2006; and • Uganda Vision 2040. • Review of regulatory laws of Uganda; and • Review of the World Bank ESS standards 1.5.2 Stakeholder and Participatory Approaches World Bank ESS 10 recognizes the importance of inclusive and meaningful engagement between the Borrower and project stakeholders as an essential element of good international practice. 14 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Effective stakeholder engagement can improve the environmental and social sustainability of projects, enhance project acceptance, and make a significant contribution to successful project design and implementation. In keeping with the requirements of ESS10, the consultant took cognizance of the existing World Bank (March 2020) and Ministry of Health 2020 guidelines in relation to physical meetings, and used online platforms such as Zoom, Google meet, Webex, WhatsApp and Email exchanges to conduct extensive, meaningful and timely consultations. Stakeholder consultations on the RPF were carried out with MDAs, districts, and sub-county officials and some farmer groups with an aim to identify perceived project impacts in relation to UCSAT project, and devise measures in the instruments for enhancing the positive impacts and mitigating negative impacts, as well as providing a platform for project stakeholders to air their views, concerns and recommendations for incorporation into the final instrument. The consultation period for the ESMF, SEF, RPF, and VMFG began on 6th January 2022 to 7th February 2022 (details of stakeholders met in the ESMF). Additional virtual meetings took place between 19th and 29th April 2022. The virtual meetings were employed to gather views from stake holders. The Consultant sent advance information to the stakeholder emphasizing the objective of the meeting(s), brief on the project and issues that were to be shared in the meeting(s). A summary of the proceedings from the Meetings is captured under section 7.3. 15 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Table 1-1: Stakeholders consulted Name of person/ Gender District Organisation/ Company Designation Contact (Tel/email) Date of official met: Consultation M F Nakayenze Anita √ Mbale Mbale District Local District Environment and Community 0772555387 9th February Mwanja Baker Government Development Officers 0772881836 2022 Bakole Stephen √ Yumbe Yumbe District Local Yumbe Agriculture Officer 7th February Government 2022 Isiah K. Okuthe √ Nwoya Nwoya District Local Environmental Officer 0782687036 17th February Government- 2022 Dennis SSebinojjo √ Masaka Masaka District Local Environmental Officer 0704580231 Government- Samuka Muhamed √ Pallisa Pallisa District Local Environmental Officer 0782556952 9th February Government 2022 Anono Christine √ Lira Lira District Local Government District Community Development Officer 0772672792 9th February 2022 Tibagwana Peter √ Kakumiro Kumi District Local Environment Officer 0772108877 10th February Government 2022 Thomas Lemu √ Kabong Kabong District Local District Commercial Officer Kabong/ Ik 077219999 19th 04 2022 Government Community Liaison Officer Ms. Penninah √ Kabale CSOs working with Batwa Coordinator CSOs working with Batwa 0772660810 20th April 2022 Zaninka Okwii David √ Kampala United Nations High Programme Officer 0700818816 26th April 2022 Commission for Refugees- UNHCR 16 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Name of person/ Gender District Organisation/ Company Designation Contact (Tel/email) Date of official met: Consultation M F Arnold Waiswa √ Kampala National Environmental Director Environment Monitoring and 0772471139 26th April 2022 Management Authority Compliance (NEMA) James Bataze √ Kampala Uganda National Principal Officer (0782103950/0704726166 27th April 2022 Meteorological Authority- (UNMA) Josephine Apajo √ Kampala Equal Opportunities Senior Compliance Officer 076285770 29th April 2022 Commission (EOC)- James Ebitu, √ Kampala Ministry of Gender, Labor and Principal General Safety Inspector, 0756538396 28th April 2022 Ambrose Social Development Director Social Protection; Directorate of Ssentongo Social Protection 17 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 2 POLICY LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK This section describes the Legal and administrative framework for undertaking land acquisition and resettlement for the Project, with specific reference to all relevant Uganda laws and other statutory provisions, and the World Bank ESS5 for Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement. 2.1 Policy Framework 2.1.1 The Social Development Sector Strategic Investment Plan (SDIP 2) 2011/12 – 2015/16 The Social Development Sector fosters the rights of the vulnerable population, addresses gender inequalities, labor and employment as well as community mobilization and empowerment. The plan recognizes that addressing the rights and needs of the vulnerable and disadvantaged populations such as People with Disabilities (PWDs), older persons, youth, orphans and other vulnerable children and the chronically poor underpins the core concerns of national development. The mission of the SDS is promotion of gender equality, social protection and transformation of communities, while the vision is a better standard of living, equity and social cohesion. The Sector Strategic Objectives include to improve the well-being of vulnerable, marginalized and excluded groups and to address gender inequality in the development process. Expected Outcomes of the plan include gender equality enhanced and vulnerable persons protected from deprivation and livelihood risks among others. 2.1.2 The Uganda National Land Policy 2013 This new land policy addresses the contemporary land issues and conflicts facing the Country. The vision of the policy is: “Sustainable and optimal use of land and land-based resources for transformation of Ugandan society and the economy� while the goal of the policy is: “to ensure efficient, equitable and sustainable utilization and management of Uganda’s land and land-based resources for poverty reduction, wealth creation and overall socio-economic development�. Relevancy to the project: Land acquisition and issues relating to compensation will be addressed as guided by this policy. 2.1.3 Access to Land for Investment Section 4.16 of the Policy (86) states that government shall put in place measures to mitigate the negative impacts of investment on land to deliver equitable and sustainable development. While part 90 of the same section positions government to protect land rights, including rights of citizens in the face of investments with measures for clear procedures and standards for local consultation; mechanisms for appeal and arbitration; and facilitate access to land by vulnerable groups in the face of investments. 2.1.4 Measures for Protection of Land Rights Section 4.18 (93) of the Policy recognizes the inability of the majority of Ugandan to afford the cost of formally securing land rights and therefore government will put in place a framework that would ensure that land rights held by all Ugandans are fully and effectively enjoyed. 2.1.5 Rights for Minorities As regards land rights of ethnic minorities, the Policy states that: 18 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Government shall, in its use and management of natural resources, recognize and protect the right to ancestral lands of ethnic minority groups. Government shall pay prompt, adequate and fair compensation to ethnic minority groups that are displaced from their ancestral land by government action. To redress the rights of ethnic minorities in natural habitats, Government will take measures to establish regulations by Statutory Instrument to: a. recognize land tenure rights of minorities in ancestral lands; b. document and protect such de facto occupation rights against illegal evictions or misplacements; c. consider land swapping or compensation or resettlement in the event of expropriation of’ d. ancestral land of minorities for preservation or conservation purposes; e. detail terms and conditions for displacement of minorities from their ancestral lands in the f. interest of conservation or natural resources extraction; � pay compensation to those ethnic minorities that have in the past been driven off their ancestral lands for preservation or conservation purposes; � deliberate and specify benefit-sharing measures to ensure that minority groups resources on their ancestral lands rendered to extractive or other industry; � recognize the vital role of natural resources and habitats in the livelihood of minority the gazettement or de-gazettement of conservation. 2.1.6 National Gender Policy 1997 The overall goal of the National Gender Policy 1997 is to mainstream gender concerns in the national development process to improve the social, legal/civic, political, economic and cultural conditions of the people of Uganda, and women. Thus, in the context of the UCSAT, it aims to redress the imbalances which arise from the existing gender inequalities, promotes the participation of both women and men in all stages of the project cycle, equal access to and control over economically significant resources and benefits. It also strives to promote recognition and value of women’s roles and contributions as agents of change and beneficiaries of the development process recruitment process for workers on the project, provision of sanitary facilities, payments and days off. This policy would especially apply to recruitment of Component 2 which required civil works where women should have equal opportunity as men for available jobs. This policy also requires provision of a work environment that is conducive to women as well as for men in addition to gender-disaggregated impacts and vulnerabilities. Relevance to the project: Gender concerns will have to be mainstreamed into the UCSAT Project 2.1.7 The National HIV/ AIDS Policy, 2004 The National AIDS Policy is one of the most important developments in the fight against the AIDS pandemic. Formulated in 2007, the policy focuses on the workplace and acknowledges that it is the workplace where the working population spends most of its active life time. It underscores the ILO estimates of the size of the workforce getting smaller by 10-20% in countries like Uganda with high prevalence rates and that orphaned child will be forced into the job market and thus not only exacerbating child labour but also increasing workers with minimal or no formal education. It covers all workers including those in the construction sub-sector and their workplaces. The key principles underlying its implementation are non-discrimination, confidentiality; HIV testing, greater involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS (GIPA); promotion of prevention; treatment, care and support as well as gender concerns in the world of work. It provides a framework for prevention of further spread of HIV and mitigation of its social economic impact within the world of work in Uganda. The policy further defines the roles of key stakeholders namely government, 19 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF employers, workers and the private sector including the informal sector, people living with HIV/AIDS, civil society organization and development partners. The policy recognizes that HIV/AIDS has resulted in more widows and children entering the workforce. Relevance to the project: HIV/AIDS concerns will have to be integrated and mainstreamed into the UCSAT Project during its design and implementation process. 2.1.8 Uganda Resettlement/Land Acquisition Policy Framework, 2001 Regarding compensation and resettlement issues, the main pieces of legislation are the Constitution of Republic of Uganda and the Land Act. The existing legislation emphasizes adequate, fair and prompt compensation. MAAIF Resettlement/Land Acquisition Framework provides that: � Compensation should be aimed at minimizing social disruption and assist those who have lost assets because of a road project to maintain their livelihoods. In accordance with Ugandan laws and standards, a disturbance allowance is to be provided to assist the project affected individual or family to cover costs of moving and locating to a new holding. � Community infrastructure must be replaced and ideally be improved in situations where it was deficient. This includes installation of sanitary facilities, electricity generation systems, road links and provision of water. Relevance to the project: The UCSAT project implementation should be cognizant of the resettlement and land acquisition framework in relation to infrastructure development component. 2.1.9 The National HIV/AIDS Policy, 2011 The policy provides the principles and a framework for a multi-sectoral response to HIV/AIDS in Ugandan’s world of work. The policy applies to all current and prospective employers and workers, including applicants for work, within the public and private sectors. It also applies to all aspects of work, both formal and informal. It is expected that the Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation Project will have measures for mainstreaming HIV/AIDS interventions into its plan, programs and activities more so in its Project Implementation Manual (PIM). 2.1.10 Operation Wealth Creation The GoU acknowledge that agriculture has, for a long time, been a core sector of the economy providing the basis for growth in other sectors and significantly contributing to GDP and employment. Under Operation Wealth Creation (OWC), it is the objective of GoU that national policies, interventions and programmes aim at transforming agriculture from subsistence to commercial agriculture with a target of raising household incomes to a minimum UGX20 million per household per year. The UCSATP will be implemented in close alignment with the OWC especially on aspects of working with the farmers. 2.1.11 The National Policy for Disaster Preparedness and Management October 2010 The main thrust of this policy is to make disaster management an integral part of the development process. It recognizes the profound impact of human activity on the interrelations within the natural environment as well as the influence of population growth, the high density of urbanization, industrial expansion, resource exploitation and technological advances. The policy also emphasizes the critical importance of restoring and maintaining the quality and overall welfare and development of human beings in their environment. 2.1.12 National Development Plan III 2020/21 to 2024/25 20 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF The Third National Development plan (NDPIII) covers the period 2020/21 to 2024/25. Agriculture is one of the prioritized areas. Uganda is well-endowed with abundant natural resources, and a major thrust of the NDPIII is how to harness and sustainably use the country’s natura l resources for socioeconomic development for the benefit of current and future generations of Ugandans. The Agro-industrialization programme (Chapter 5) will address the dominant subsistence sector by increasing commercialization and competitiveness of agricultural production and agro processing. NDP-III is cognizant of the need to sustainably manage ENR and Climate Change (Chapter 7) in its development agenda. This will be key in ensuring resilience in food and clothing markets. How is the UCSATP driving to achieve the goal of the Programmme area 1 on Agro- industrialization. 2.1.13 National Agricultural Policy (NAP) 2013 The vision of the NAP is “a Competitive, Profitable and Sustainable Agricultural Sector� and the mission being “to transform subsistence farming to sustainable commercial agriculture.� This policy is hinged on 5 objectives namely: ensure household and national food and nutrition security for all Ugandans; increase incomes of farming households from crops, livestock and all other agriculture related activities. As in the NDP III, ENR and Climate Change are mentioned as important determinants of agricultural production, and accordingly prioritized. It thus aims at ensuring the coordination of the multi-sectoral interventions to remove any constraints to agricultural transformation which is taken cognizant of it and coordination mechanisms have been integrated in the Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation Project. 2.1.14 National Irrigation Master Plan for Uganda (2010 -2035) The Overall Objective of irrigation development in Uganda is: “Poverty Alleviation and Economic Growth as a result of the sustainable realization of the country’s irrigation potential mitigating the effects of climate change and contributing to the transformation of Uganda society from a peasant to a modern and prosperous country�. Therefore, these objectives of the Irrigation Master Plan are in line with the aspirations of planned UCSATP which seeks to ensure sustained agricultural production which is facing challenges because of erratic and unreliable rainfall. 2.2 Legal Framework This section presents a summary of the legal framework governing the development projects in Uganda. 2.2.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995 The Constitution is the supreme law of Uganda and it provides for protection of the environment. � Promotes sustainable development and public awareness on the need to manage land, air, water resources in a balanced and sustainable manner for the present and future generations. � Take possible measures to prevent or minimize damage and destruction to land, air and water resources resulting from pollution or other causes. � Promote the rational use of natural resources so as to safeguard bio-diversity of Uganda. � Under Article 39, the Constitution guarantees the right of every Ugandan to a clean and healthy environment. The constitution therefore, requires that the UCSAT to be implemented without endangering human health and the environment. Relevance to the project: The UCSAT should be consistent with the sustainable development provisions enshrined in the Constitution of Uganda. Constitution of Uganda, 1995 vests all land 21 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF directly in the Citizens of Uganda, and states that every person in Uganda has the right to own property. The Constitution also sets the standard for any form of compensation in Uganda and provides for prompt payment of fair and adequate compensation prior to the taking possession or acquisition of the land/property. Ugandan law recognizes four distinct land tenure systems, customary tenure, Freehold tenure, Leasehold tenure, and Mailo tenure. The Land Acquisition Act, 1965 This Act provides for acquisition of land after its valuation and along approved procedures which ensure adequate, fair and timely compensation to the landowners. The Act requires that adequate, fair and prompt compensation is paid before taking possession of land and property. Dispute arising from the compensation to be paid should be referred to the court for decision if the Land Tribunal cannot handle. Relevance to the project: The key consideration regarding this Act in the project is to ensure landowners affected by the project are adequately and timely compensated. 2.2.2 Acquisition, Valuation of Land and other Assets Both the Constitution, 1995 and The Land Act, Cap 227 gives the government and local governments’ power to compulsorily acquire land. The Constitution states that “no person shall be compulsorily deprived of property or any interests in or any right over property of any description except� if the taking of the land necessary “for public use or in the interest of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health.� 2.2.3 Valuation Section 77 of the Land Act gives valuation principles for compensation; i.e. crops are compensated at rates set by the District Land Boards; the basis of compensation for land is open market value. The value of buildings is to be taken at open market value for urban areas and depreciated replacement cost in the rural areas. In addition, a 15% or 30% disturbance allowance must be paid if six months or less notice is given to the owner. 2.2.4 Dispute Resolution and Grievance Mechanisms The Land Act, Cap 227 states that land tribunals must be established at district level. It empowers the District Land Tribunals to determine disputes relating to amount of compensation to be paid for land acquired compulsorily. The affected person may appeal to a higher ordinary court. The Land Acquisition Act allows for any person to appeal to the High Court within 60 days of the award being made. All land disputes must be processed by the tribunals, before the case can be taken to the ordinary courts. The act also states that traditional authority mediators must retain their jurisdiction to deal with and settle land disputes. 2.2.5 The Employment Act, 2006 This Act provides for matters governing individual employment relationships in terms of circumstances of provision of labor. It is quite explicit on matters of forced labor that, no one should be forced to work, there should be no discrimination with regard to recruitment process, and it prohibits sexual harassment in employment. It also Act provides for matters of grievance settlement and issues of payment of wages and salaries. Relevance to the project: This Act is relevant in that; it addresses matters of engagement of workers and their rights while at work. 2.2.6 The Children’s Act, Cap 59 This is an Act to reform and consolidate the law relating to children; to provide for the care, protection and maintenance of children; to provide for local authority support for children; to 22 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF establish a family and children court; to make provision for children charged with offences and for other connected purposes. In particular, Section 8 of this Act provides that no child shall be employed or engaged in any activity that may be harmful to his or her health, education or mental, physical or moral development. This Project will require workers during construction, operation and maintenance phases. However, any employment or engagement of children will be done in line with the restrictions of this Act and the Employment Act to ensure that risks to children are either eliminated, or reduced to as low as reasonably practicable. The contractor will have an Orientation on all the labour laws including the child labour before starting works. The contractor will consult and involve the labor officers in each of the respective offices to ensure that there is compliance on no child labour during construction of the channels. In addition, the contractor will confirm age of potential labourers prior to hiring through National Identity card, birth certificate or confirming with LC and community elders. 2.2.7 The Land Act, Cap 227 The Land Act operationalizes the Constitution 1995, and provides for tenure, ownership and management of land in Uganda. Section 43 of the Act stipulates that land owners and occupants should utilize land in line with all applicable legislation. Section 44 mandates the government or a Local Government to hold in trust and protect environmentally sensitive areas including natural lakes, rivers, ground water, natural ponds, natural streams, wetlands, forest reserves, national parks and any other land reserved for ecological and touristic purposes for the common good of the citizens of Uganda. Provisions regarding land administration (referred to in the Act as “management�) are adequately detailed. The Act creates a series of land administration institutions consisting of Parish Land Committees, District Land Boards and Uganda Land Commission (ULC). Each of these entities is largely autonomous of one another and is entrusted with functions that range from the holding of lands not subject to private ownership, management of land thus held, processing applications for various grants and certificates, registration and transfer of interest in land (sections 47-74). The Land Act provides for a decentralized system to resolve land disputes in Uganda (sections 75- 90) through establishment of Land Tribunals at all levels of local government and that they should first arbitrate land disputes before resorting to legal courts of law. No other organ, except informal traditional authority mediators (section 89) will henceforth have jurisdiction over land disputes (section 98). Thus, the Act favours local landowners by advancing a process that is localized and free from costs or formalities associated with formal judicial courts. The Act provides procedures to follow during the acquisition of land for public interest and provides for the “prompt payment of fair and adequate compensation� prior to taking possession of land. This Act mandates local governments to protect natural resources in interest of public good. Relevance to the project: This Act is relevant to the Project as it will require involuntary acquisition of land during the project implementation and therefore, the project will have to consider the land tenure systems in the respective districts/areas traversed by the UCSAT. 2.2.8 Local Governments Act, Cap 243 This Act provides for decentralized governance and devolution of central government functions, powers and services to local governments that have their own political and administrative structures. Districts have powers to oversee implementation of development activities under supervision of their relevant departments such as environment, lands and water resources. According to Section 9 of the Act, a local government is the highest political and administrative authority in its area of jurisdiction and shall exercise both legislative and executive powers in 23 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF accordance with the Constitution. Accordingly, all districts traversed benefiting from the UCSAT Project will have the Local Governments have key responsibilities for environmental and social monitoring during UCSAT project implementation. Relevance to the project: This Act is relevant to the Project as all District Local Governments who are beneficiaries of the UCSAT project will be stakeholders and will have jurisdiction over implementation of the Project. 2.2.9 The Physical Planners Act, 2010 This is the principal Act that regulates physical development in Uganda. It provides for the making and approval of physical development plans, applying for development permission and other related matters. Section 37 of the Act states that the approving authority may grant preliminary approval of a development application the UCSAT is one such development. Relevance to the project: The UCSAT project will confirm to the requirements within the Physical Planning Act and land use planning. Of special significance is the need to undertake the plan through a participatory process that requires the involvement of stakeholders in the planning process. 2.2.10 Domestic Violence Act 2010 The Act provides for the protection and relief of victims of domestic violence; provides for the punishment of perpetrators of domestic violence and also spells procedures and guidelines to be followed by the court in relation to the protection and compensation of victims of domestic violence as well as matters relating to cases of domestic violence in general. Relevance to the project:This act gives guidance to workers on how to handle cases of domestic violence. 2.3 Institutional Framework 2.3.1 Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) represented by the PCU/PIU will be in charge of overall implementation of the project. A Project Coordination/Implementation Unit (PCU/PIU) comprised of senior level officials from the respective technical departments of MAAIF to take on responsibility for day-to-day management of the project. The ministry will interface with other sector ministries, agencies and departments on matters and policies relating to the project. Among other staff, the PIU will be constituted by Environmental Specialist, Social Specialist, who will have the responsibility of implementing the approved RAPs in respective sub- projects as well as ensuring that issues related to compensation and land acquisition are managed as per Uganda government laws as well as ESS 5 on Land Acquisition Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement. 2.3.2 Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD) The Chief Government Valuer (CGV) in the Valuation Division in the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MoLHUD) is responsible for approving the property valuation report developed as part of resettlement. Additionally, property or cadastral survey report is submitted to the Commissioner for Surveys & Mapping in MoLHUD for review and approval. Relation to the project: MoLHUD will therefore also play a direct role in compensation and resettlement activities of proposed project. 2.3.3 Local Administration Structures The Local Governments Act, Cap 243 provides for decentralized governance and devolution of central government functions, powers and services to local governments that have their own political and administrative structures. Districts have powers to oversee implementation of development activities under supervision of their relevant departments such as environment, lands and water resources. District and Local Council administration oversees the implementation of the Project within their jurisdiction and are vital for mobilizing political good will and sensitizing 24 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF communities along the line routes site. Village-level administration councils (LC I and LC II) are necessary for identification of property owners, sensitization and dispute resolution. Relevance to the project: District and Local Council administrations are stakeholders in the Project and will have input in the feasibility studies. District local governments will have duty to monitor project implementation ensuring conformance to local and national socio-environmental requirements as well mitigation commitments documented in the feasibility study. The local governments are also responsible for continual mobilization of communities to support successful project implementation. 2.4 World Bank Environment and Social Standards The WB’s ESS5 recognizes that project-related land acquisition and restrictions on land use can have adverse impacts on communities and persons. Additionally, ESS5 requires projects to appropriately plan for and respond to these impacts, and thus improve decision making about resettlement, options, alternatives, participation of PAPs and compensation. The World Bank’s ESS5 on Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement is to be complied with where involuntary resettlement, impacts on livelihoods, acquisition of land or restrictions to access to natural resources, may take place as a result of the project. It includes requirements to: 1. Avoid and where avoidance is not possible to minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project design alternatives 2. Avoid forced eviction 3. Mitigate unavoidable adverse impacts from land acquisition or restrictions on land use through timely compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost and assisting displaced persons in their efforts to improve, or at least restore, livelihoods and living standards, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher 4. Improve living conditions of poor or vulnerable persons who are physically displaced, through provision of adequate housing, access to services and facilities, and security of tenure 5. Ensure that resettlement activities are planned and implemented with appropriate disclosure of information, meaningful consultation, and informed participation 6. Conceive and execute resettlement activities as sustainable development programs, 7. Provide sufficient investment resources to enable displaced persons to benefit directly from the project, as the nature of the project may warrant This standard covers direct impacts that result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by the land acquisition, restrictions on land use or involuntary resettlement resulting in: (i) Physical relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) Loss of assets or access to assets; or (iii) Loss of access to income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location The standard implies that UCSAT project activities that may result in the involuntary acquisition of land resulting in adverse impact on livelihoods a RAP must be prepared by the implementing agencies and cleared by the World Bank prior to implementing the resettlement activities. The ESS5 also requires that the provision of compensation and other assistance to PAPs, to restore livelihoods when these are affected, shall be done prior to the displacement of people. In particular, the standard requires that damage to crops and trees or possession of land for project activities may take place only after compensation has been paid. Resettlement sites, new homes and related infrastructure, 25 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF public services and moving allowances must be provided to the affected persons in accordance with the provisions of the RAP. Comparison between Land Law in Uganda and World Bank ESS 5 This RPF has been prepared in conformity with the policy and legal provisions of the GoU and the World Bank ESS5. Table below outlines the gaps between Uganda law and World Bank requirements for resettlement and compensation. It is clear in the comparison that the ESS 5 offers more reasonable and/or fair benefits and recognition to PAPs than Ugandan law; therefore, in cases where benefits are greater, the World Bank’s ESS5 will apply and in all cases, “the higher of the two standards will be followed in all RAPs prepared for the CSAT Project, since the higher standard also satisfies the requirements of the lesser standard. In this case, the World Bank ESS5 will be followed since it is higher on application of these policies.� 26 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Table 2-1: Gaps between World Bank and Ugandan legislation applicable to each impact Category of PAPs/ Provisions for this RPF and Type of Lost Assets/ Ugandan Law ESS 5 Gap Analysis ensuing RAPs Impact Land Owners The Constitution of Uganda, 1995 World Bank Policy recognises the The Ugandan law does Alternative land (wherever recognizes four distinct land tenure rights of those affected people: not compensate those available) or Cash compensation systems, Customary tenure, Freehold • Who have formal legal rights without legal right or at full replacement value or tenure, Leasehold tenure and Mailo to the land or assets they claim to the land. (based on market value + 15% to land tenure. occupy or use 30% disturbance allowance). Land is valued at open market value • Who do not have formal WB ESS5 does not All forms of tenancy based on and a 15% to 30% disturbance legal rights to land or assets, consider disturbance formal or informal rights. allowance must be paid if six months but have a claim to land that allowance but rather In kind compensation should be or less notice is given to the owner. is recognized or recognizable compensation at full offered as an option to the PAPs Cash compensation is the under national law replacement cost. where (alternative land is recommended option. • Who have no recognizable Uganda laws and the WB available for the PAPs) legal right or claim to the ESS5 are consistent in ESS5 will prevail. land or assets they occupy or compensation at full use. replacement cost and Compensation of lost assets at cash compensation. full replacement costs. Cash compensation is recommended where there are active land markets and livelihoods are not land based. 27 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Category of PAPs/ Provisions for this RPF and Type of Lost Assets/ Ugandan Law ESS 5 Gap Analysis ensuing RAPs Impact Land Tenants Leasehold tenure is created either by Must be compensated, whatever The Ugandan law does contract or by operation of the law. the legal recognition of their not compensate those Land owners The landlord grants the tenants or occupancy. without legal right or Compensate for land and all lease exclusive possession of the land, claim to the land or assets at full replacement cost or usually for a period defined and in replacement of land at equal/ return for a rent. The tenant has greater value and compensate for security of tenure and a proprietary other assets. interest in the land. Cash World Bank ESS5 does not compensation is based upon market recognize depreciated value for value of land and disturbance replacement of assets (which allowance (15-30%). Entitled to should be replaced at market compensation based upon the value) amount of rights they hold upon land. Additionally, 15% disturbance allowance will be given to the PAPs on top of the compensation. ESS5 will prevail. Land squatters Leasehold tenure is created either by Must be compensated, whatever The Ugandan law does Squatters are only entitled to contract or by operation of the law. the legal recognition of their not compensate those compensation for the The landlord grants the tenants or occupancy without legal right or development on the land and lease exclusive possession of the land, claim to the land or ample time will be given to the usually for a period defined and in PAPs to harvest their crops. return for a rent. The tenant has Additionally, 15% disturbance security of tenure and a proprietary allowance will be given to the interest in the land. Cash PAPs on top of the compensation. compensation is based upon market ESS5 will prevail. value of land and disturbance allowance (15-30%). Entitled to compensation based upon the amount of rights they hold upon land. 28 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Category of PAPs/ Provisions for this RPF and Type of Lost Assets/ Ugandan Law ESS 5 Gap Analysis ensuing RAPs Impact Owners of non- Cash compensation based upon rates Recommends in-kind ESS5 does not provide for District compensation rates + 15% permanent buildings per m2 established at District level, compensation or cash the disturbance disturbance allowance. such as kiosks, disturbance allowance (15% or 30%). compensation at full allowance. Ugandan law Cash compensation. Livelihood butchery shops, replacement cost. Recommends does not provide for restoration, including wooden shacks for resettlement assistance. resettlement assistance. identification of alternative sites. food vendors etc. Owners of Valuation based on replacement Compensation at full The Ugandan laws are Cash Compensation at permanent value and guidance from CGV & replacement cost. consistent with ESS5 in replacement value + 15% buildings. disturbance allowance (15% or 30%). regard to replacement disturbance allowance. cost. Perennial Crops Cash compensation based upon rates Compensation at full ESS5 does not provide for Cash compensation using per m2/bush/tree/plant established replacement cost. the disturbance affected District rates + at District Level and disturbance Income restoration. allowance. disturbance allowance allowance (15% or 30%). Seasonal crops No compensation. 3-6 months’ notice No specific provision No compensation. Expected to be given to harvest crops. harvested. However, in the event that livelihoods are lost compensation will be given. Loss of income No specific provision Livelihoods and living standards The Ugandan legislation In the context of this project, are to be restored in real terms does not provide for practical livelihood restoration to pre-displacement levels or restoration of livelihoods. measures have been proposed. better ESS5 will prevail. The 1995 Uganda Constitution Particular attention should be Both the Ugandan stipulates that: “the State shall take paid to the needs of vulnerable Constitution and WB Special attention will be given to affirmative action in favour of groups groups among those displaced ESS5 favour vulnerable vulnerable persons affected and marginalised on the basis of gender, such as those below the poverty groups. However, the necessary measures will be Vulnerable groups age, disability or any other reason […] line, landless, elderly; women Ugandan law, vulnerable provided in the entitlement for the purpose of redressing and children and indigenous groups are not fully matrix of the RAP. ESS5 will imbalances which exist against peoples and ethnic minorities. described in the context prevail. them�. This regulation is not fully 29 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Category of PAPs/ Provisions for this RPF and Type of Lost Assets/ Ugandan Law ESS 5 Gap Analysis ensuing RAPs Impact described in the context of of resettlement and land resettlement and land acquisition. acquisition. Relocation and Both the Constitution, 1995 and The Avoid or minimize involuntary Measures to minimize involuntary Resettlement Land Act, 1998 give the government resettlement and, where this is There is no requirement resettlement have been and local authorities, power to not feasible, assist displaced under the Ugandan law considered as shown in Section 5. compulsorily acquire land. The persons in improving or at least to minimize land 10 of this RPF. Constitution states that “no person restoring their livelihoods and acquisition. ESS5 will prevail. shall be compulsorily deprived of standards of living in real terms property or any interests in or any relative to pre-displacement right over property of any description levels or to levels prevailing prior except� if the taking of the land is to the beginning of project necessary “for public use or in the implementation, whichever is interest of defence, public safety, higher. public order, public morality or public health.� Livelihood There are no explicit provisions under Livelihoods and living standards Ugandan policy and The project will provide restoration and resettlement or relocation for are to be restored in real terms legislation would need to transition allowance. assistance livelihood assistance. to pre-displacement levels or be aligned with Bank better policy to effectively ESS5 will prevail. guarantee rights of all affected persons of involuntary resettlement. Consultation and There are no explicit provisions for Consult project-affected While the consultation ESS5 will prevail. disclosure consultations and disclosure but persons, host communities and requirement is inherent there are guidelines issued by all stakeholders, as appropriate. in the ESIA, it contains a separate ministries (e.g. roads and Provide them number of energy). opportunities to participate in differences with the The Land Acquisition Act, the planning, implementation, requirements of Bank however, makes provision for an and policy enquiry whereby the affected person can make formal written claim and 30 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Category of PAPs/ Provisions for this RPF and Type of Lost Assets/ Ugandan Law ESS 5 Gap Analysis ensuing RAPs Impact the assessment officer is obliged to monitoring of the resettlement conduct a hearing program, especially in the before making his award. process of developing and implementing the procedures for determining eligibility for compensation benefits and development assistance (as documented in a resettlement plan), and for establishing appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms Grievance The Land Act, 1998 states that land Establish appropriate and Grievance committees to be mechanism and tribunals must be established at all accessible grievance redress instituted within the procedure dispute resolution districts. The Land Act empowers the mechanism but will not replace the existing Land Tribunals to determine disputes legal process in Uganda; rather it and it provides for appeal to higher seeks to resolve issues quickly so ordinary courts. The Land Acquisition as to expedite receipt of Act provides for the aggrieved person entitlements and smooth to appeal to the resettlement without resorting to High Court. expensive and time-consuming legal action. If the grievance procedure fails to provide a settlement, complainants can still seek legal redress. ESS5 will prevail. Calculation of According to the Land Act, Cap Bank policy requires: (a) prompt There is no equivalent Market value is based on recent compensation and 227 (section 77), the value of compensation at full provisions on relocation transactions and thus if valuation Customary land shall be the open replacement cost for loss of assistance, transitional alternative property is purchased market value of the unimproved land. assets attributable to the project; support, or the provision within a reasonable period of the Value of the buildings shall be at open of civic infrastructure. payment of compensation, it is 31 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Category of PAPs/ Provisions for this RPF and Type of Lost Assets/ Ugandan Law ESS 5 Gap Analysis ensuing RAPs Impact market value for urban areas and (b) if there is relocation, The basis of likely that market value will depreciated replacement cost for assistance during relocation, and compensation reflect full replacement value. rural areas. residential housing, or housing assessment is not stated However, local inflation in price The crops and buildings of a non- sites, or agricultural sites of in the land or construction materials permanent nature are equivalent productive potential, Land Acquisition Act (an can affect what is determined as compensated at rates set by as required; (c)transitional old law due for review), replacement cost. If this is not District Land Boards support and although the Constitution reflected in recent transactions, development assistance, such as provides for ‘prompt, fair market value may not reflect land preparation, credit facilities, and adequate’ replacement value. training or job opportunities as compensation. (article ESS5 will prevail. required, in addition to 26) compensation measures; (d) cash compensation for land when the impact of land acquisition on livelihoods is minor; and (e) provision of civic infrastructure and community services as required. 32 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 3 PROCESS FOR PREPARARTION AND IMPLEMENTATTION OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLANS This RPF guides the preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). Project’s RAP, consistent with this RPF, will be preparedand submitted to the World Bank for its approval. MAAIF through the PCU/PIU Implementation Support Team will make sure that, a comprehensive Resettlement Action Plan is prepared for each activity that triggers resettlement. 3.1 Identification of Project Sites Since the exact locations of the project sites are unknown, the preparation and disclosure of this Resettlement Policy Framework is a conditionality for appraisal by the World Bank and Borrowers. However, during implementation of the project, identification of these sites will be made and when that happens, a screening of each proposed intervention or project site should be undertaken to identify whether the site and proposed intervention presents involuntary resettlement impacts and risks. In the event that involuntary resettlement cannot be avoided, a comprehensive Resettlement Action Plan will be prepared by MAAIF for the respective subprojects. If there is no resettlement impact identified, then the World Bank standard on involuntary resettlement ESS5 shall not be triggered and no RAP is required however, the project will document the outcome of the screening report that shows there is no land acquisition and resettlement impacts. Therefore, UCSAT project infrastructure such as in Component 2 that will be implemented, might require preparation of RAP since the different interventions may require the Involuntary taking of land, loss of livelihood and other assets or result in economic impact. According to the ESS5, once the subprojects or individual project components are defined and the necessary information becomes available, a RPF will be expanded into a specific plan (RAP) appropriate to potential risks and impacts. This will inform the choice of resettlement and compensation options and help estimate compensation cost. This RPF provides a framework for resettlement associated with the project. Each subproject will need to go through a process to identify the level of resettlement required, and if so, the development of a plan for resettlement. At this stage, the World Bank ESS 5 calls for the preparation of individual RAPs that must be consistent with this RPF. As soon as the list of sub-projects are identified and approved by the responsible agency implementing the program (in this case MAAIF), a consultative and participatory process for preparing a RAP will be started, which involves; identification and hiring of an appropriate team that will carry out the RAP (Such a team should include a Sociologist, Surveyor, Valuation Experts and the Local Government representatives); consultations with the key stakeholders will be initially done to justify the need for the resettlement and plan the way forward; undertaking a socio-economic survey to determine the scope and nature of resettlement impacts. The likely displaced persons will be categorized using identifiable groupings or demographics (such as occupational groups, gender, age groups), description of the area, and their livelihoods or standards of living and specific needs identified, described and assessed. The socio-economic survey will constitute the basis for evaluating the success of the resettlement operations in terms 33 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF of whether the PAPs have been able to restore their incomes and improve their standards of living. While identifying the project affected people, particular attention is to be paid to the needs of the Vulnerable groups among those economically and /or physically displaced particularly those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, women and child headed households, indigenous groups, ethnic minorities, HIV/AIDS afflicted persons, orphans, street children, and other historically disadvantaged groups who may not be protected by Uganda’s land compensation procedures. 3.2 Overall RAP Process Through the adaptation of this RPF, all RAPs should be prepared following requirements and procedures given in this RPF. The process of preparing the resettlement action plans, in line with the requirements provided in this RPF, will involve the following: 3.2.1 Screening The safeguard consultants recruited by MAAIF based on the design of the subproject, shall carry out screening to identify the involuntary resettlement impacts and risks. If resettlement impacts are found because of the UCSAT subproject, the World Bank policy on Involuntary Resettlement ESS5 shall be triggered and RAP for the subproject shall be prepared and submitted to the World Bank for review and clearance. If there is no resettlement impact identified, then the World Bank policy on involuntary resettlement ESS5 shall not be triggered and no RAP will be prepared. Due Diligent Report specifying no demand on land acquisition and resettlement impact will then be prepared and submitted to the World Bank for clearance. Each RAP should be submitted for review and approval to the World Bank in good time before the commencement of the subproject works. Activities for compensation and support can be started only when the World Bank has approved each RAP. The payment for compensation, allowances and other support or assistance should be completed before taking of land and related assets. 3.2.2 RAP Preparation If it is determined as a result of screening that the implementation of the subproject will lead to resettlement impact, then a RAP will be prepared. As soon as the list (sub-projects) is approved by the MAAIF, a consultative and participatory process for preparing a RAP will be started, as follows: � A socio-economic survey will be completed to determine scope and nature of resettlement impacts. � The socio-economic study will be carried out to collect data in the selected sub-project sites. � The socio-economic assessment will focus on the potential affected communities, including some demographic data, description of the area, livelihoods, the local participation process, and establishing baseline information on livelihoods and income, landholding, etc. 3.2.3 Consultation and Participatory Proces s The consultations must start during the planning stages when the technical designs are being developed, and at the land selection/screening stage. The process therefore seeks the 34 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF involvement of PAPs throughout the census for identifying eligible PAPs and throughout the RAP preparation process. 3.2.4 Disclosure and Notification All eligible PAPs should be informed about the proposed project and the RAP process. A cut-off date is established as part of determining PAPs eligibility. In special cases where there are no clearly identifiable owners or users of the land or asset, the RAP team must notify the respective local authorities and leaders. A “triangulation� of information-affected persons; community leaders and representatives; and an independent agent (e.g. local organization or NGO; other government agency; land valuer) may help to identify eligible PAPs. The RAP must notify PAPs about the established cut-off date and its significance. PAPs must be notified both in writing and by verbal notification delivered in the presence of all the relevant stakeholders. 3.2.5 Documentation and Verification of Land and Other Assets The government authorities at both national and local levels; community elders and leaders; representatives from the MAAIF should arrange meetings with PAPs to discuss the compensation and valuation process. For each individual or household affected by the sub-project, the RAP preparation team will complete a Compensation Report containing necessary personal information on the PAPs and their household members; their total land holdings; inventory of assets affected; and demographic and socio-economic information for monitoring of impacts. This information will be documented in a Report, and ideally should be “witnessed� by an independent or locally acceptable body (e.g. Resettlement Committee). The Reports will be regularly updated and monitored. 3.2.6 Compensation and Valuation All types of compensation should be clearly explained to the individual and households involved. These refer especially to the basis for valuing the land and other assets. Once such valuation is established, MAAIF will produce a Contract or Agreement that lists all property and assets being acquired by the sub-project and the types of compensation selected. All compensation should occur in the presence of the affected persons and the community local leaders. 3.2.7 Public Consultation and Participation Projects involving the community owe their success to community participation and involvement from planning to implementation stage. Hence public consultation through participatory rural appraisal shall be mandatory for all projects requiring land acquisition, compensation and resettlement for the project activities. The persons affected by the project should participate in the whole process of compiling and implementation of the resettlement plan, for which, at this point, before formulating the resettlement plan, public meeting should be held to provide the residents with the right to learn this policy framework. Relevant Local Governments should enable affected households and non- domestic organizations to understand the treatment they may enjoy and the options they may select according to the resettlement plan. 3.2.8 Census of Affected Entities 35 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF A census of families and persons adversely affected by the Project activities shall be conducted by the Project. The census shall include a complete inventory of all losses to be incurred by each PAP. This information shall include as a minimum: (a) number of persons, main occupation and level of income; (b) number, type, and dimension of the houses; (c) number, quality, and area of all the residential plots; (d) number, category, type, and area of agricultural land held and to be lost by each PAP; (e) tenure status of agricultural land and amount of rent paid by tenant/lessee, where applicable; (f) quantity, category, and dimension of all rent of other fixed assets adversely affected; (g) productive assets lost as a percentage of total productive assets; (h) temporary damage to productive assets; (i) quantity, category, and quality of non-agricultural livelihood adversely affected; (j) quantity, type, and quality of community resources to be acquired. 3.2.9 Socio- Economic Surveys The census and inventory of loss are supplemented with data from socioeconomic study. The socioeconomic study data and information are used to establish baseline information on household income, livelihood patterns, standards of living, and productive capacity. This baseline information constitutes a reference point against which income or livelihood restoration and the results of other rehabilitation efforts can be measured. Other areas of socioeconomic analysis may include: land tenure and transfer systems; the patterns of social interaction in the affected communities; public infrastructure and social services that will be affected; and social and cultural characteristics of displaced communities. The means of sustaining livelihood for the affected will be captured as this will be used to analyze options for providing resettlement assistance. Interviews are conducted with a systematic sample and using uniform questionnaire. The sample should provide a sufficient number of cases for statistical analysis. 3.2.10 Replacement Cost Survey During preparation of a RAP, the replacement cost study will be carried out by the certified valuer and must be verified by the Government Valuer. The same should apply during RAP updates (that is for RAP studies that may have taken 2 years or more without implementation). Compensation is based on the principle of replacement cost. Replacement cost is the amount calculated before displacement, which is needed to replace an affected asset without deduction for taxes and/or costs of transaction as follows: � Productive land (agricultural, aquaculture, garden) based on market prices that reflect recent land sales, and in the absence of such recent sales, based on productive value; � Residential land based on market prices that reflect recent land sales, and in the absence of such recent land sales, based on similar location attributes; � Houses and other related structures based on current market prices of materials and labour without depreciation nor deductions for salvaged building materials; � Annual crops equivalent to current market value of crops at the time of compensation; � For perennial crops and trees, cash compensation at replacement cost is equivalent to current market value given the type, age and productive value (future production) at the time of compensation. Timber trees based on diameter at breast height at current market value. The objective of evaluation for land is to determine the prices or rates that will enable PAPs to purchase the same type and quantity of land. The valuation of compensation for the loss of land is based on its market value. Direct interviews with land-owners in the subproject area, including those whose land is affected and those whose land is not; and consultation with the land and real- estate agency service staff, the valuer, etc. are required. 36 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF The information to collect include the recent land transfers (buying/selling transactions) in the area; the price, at which owners are willing to sell their land; and or/and price of the recent transaction; type of land. In the case for annual crops, the survey team needs to calculate the value of crops that are lost, the market price of the crops during last 3 years. Whereas for perennial trees, the information about production and benefit of their fruit tree during last 3 years and the market price of the trees are needed. As for structures, the survey is to determine whether the prices can enable PAPs to rebuild their affected structures. The valuation of compensation for affected structures is based on the principle of replacement cost. 3.2.11 Income Restoration If it is found that there are severely affected households and/or relocation households by the subproject, income restoration program or a livelihood restoration program shall be prepared. In order to assist PAPs to restore livelihoods and income levels, the subproject will provide an income restoration package adapted to the needs and situation of PAPs as identified in the socioeconomic surveys. The scope of the entitlements should include an allowance to cover living costs during a period of reduced income while PAPs restore current livelihood and income generating activities or make a transition to new income-generating activities. In kind assistance to reinforce or initiate income-generating activities should also be provided. The income restoration/Livelihood restoration program should be decided in consultation with local authorities and PAPs eligible for the income restoration and will be fully developed in the RAP for each subproject. The RAP team should also have consultative meetings with other stakeholders such as NGOs, CBOs, institutions and organizations who will help in identifying restoration strategies and programs that best suit the PAPs. The RAP process mentioned above should be undertaken by a team consisting of, but not limited to; sociologists, gender specialist, archaeologist, Cultural Heritage Specialist, valuers, surveyors, rural development specialist, public health specialist, agronomists, human rights lawyer, cultural heritage specialist, livelihood restoration specialist. 37 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 4 SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS This chapter provides a description of socio-economic baseline conditions in the proposed project. 4.1 Social Baseline 4.1.1 Project Baseline Description 4.1.1.1 Project beneficiary districts The direct beneficiaries of the project are the users of land and its resources including farmers, fish farmers, pastoralists, and forest users in four agro-ecological zones as defined by their agro-ecologies, farming systems, socio-economic factors, geopolitics, and land tenure. They include: (i)North-Eastern Dry Lands (Karamoja); (ii) North-Eastern Savannah Grasslands (East Acholi and Northern Lango); (iii) Kyoga Plains (SE Lango, Teso, Bukedi and northern Busoga); and (iv) Eastern (Elgon) Highlands (Bugisu and Sebei) as shown on Figure 4. These sub-regions and agro-ecological zones are targeted because of increasing and high levels of poverty, and land and natural resource degradation; as well as low value production. The project will target individuals (smallholder and largescale farmers), farmer groups, cooperatives, and self-help groups. The project will also target the poor and vulnerable households as well as marginalized groups youth, women, and the elderly. Priority and attention shall be given to youth engagement and at least 50 percent of the direct beneficiaries are expected to be women. The indirect beneficiaries are the household members of the project participants and the users of the rehabilitated lands and sustainably managed natural resources that have not benefited directly from the project but benefitting directly from project activities. The following Sections document baseline environmental and social settings of the Uganda and the project regions as follows: (i) Karamoja region (North-Eastern); (ii) Elgon (Bugisu and Sebei) and Teso region (Mid-Eastern); (iii) Lango & Acholi Region (Mid-Northern); and the Busoga & Bukedi Regions (East Central). 38 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Figure 4-1: Sub-Regions where the Project will be implemented (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2022) 39 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 4.1.2 Karamoja sub-region The planned project will be implemented in the Karamoja sub-region districts of Kaabong, Moroto, Nabilatuk, Nakapiripirit, Amudat, Abim and Napaka. Thematic baseline data for this sub- region is summarized as follows: 4.1.2.1 Location of Karamoja sub-region The Karamoja sub-region covers 27,511 km2 and is located in the northeast of Uganda between 33o and 35o E and 1o and 4o N. The sub-region is made up of seven districts, namely: Abim, Amudat, Kaabong, Kotido, Moroto, Nakapiripirit and Napak districts (Error! Reference source not f ound.). The population of Karamoja has been growing from the 171,945 people that were recorded during the 1959 census and close to 988,429 people according to the 2014 census11. The 2014 population of close to a million people corresponds to a population density of 36 people per km2 4.1.2.2 Topography Karamoja sub-region region can be split into three landscape predominant zones, namely; the northern and eastern borders of Karamoja which are mountainous and evolving to hilly landscape (mainly Kaabong and Moroto) and in the south of Napak and Nakapiripirit districts. In the northern part of the region, spontaneous peaks are punctuating the regional relief and orienting surface water flow, such as the inselbergs or volcanic intrusions (i.e. Napak peak or Mt. Moroto). The wetlands area assumed a plug effect for the whole upstream water flowing to L. Bisina. 4.1.2.3 Soils Karamoja region lies within a particular ground, which can potentially be linked to the particular local geology. Indeed, almost 50% of the region evolves within ferruginous tropical soils and vertisols, which are a result of acid gneisses, amphiboles or granulites rocks weathering. A quite clear evolution should also be observable according to altimetry and stream flow location. High reliefs present high lessived ferruginous tropical soil as well as lithosol as Karamoja plain presents a predominance of vertisols. 4.1.2.4 Climate The weather in Karamoja is generally hot and dry with average annual temperature is 21.5oC; February and March are the hottest and July- August are the coolest months. Rainfall is unimodal with an annual average rainfall of 400mm in the east and 1,000mm in the west. Analysis of 30 years of satellite imagery reveals an average length of the growing season 120-180 days, which is sufficient for dryland crops. 4.1.2.5 Land uses/vegetation cover The typical Karamoja landscape is characterized by semi-arid savannah with seasonal grasses, thorny plants, occasional small trees and rocks out-crop mountains. Common perennial grass species include: Themeda traindra, Pannicum spp., Setaria spp which were common at the margins of seasonally flooded areas. The areas are further overgrazed and engulfed in Acaccia hockii which is characteristic of long-term seasonal fires. Browse species identified include Gum 11 Uganda National Bureau of Statistics-UBOS, 2014. Uganda-Demographic and Health Survey 2014; http://www.ubos.org/unda/index.php/catalog/26/sampling. Uganda National Bureau of Statistics-UBOS, 2014. National Population and Housing Census 2014 Provisional Results. UBOS, Kampala. 40 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Arabica trees (Acacia seyal, Acaccia senegal, Accacia sieberiana, Accacia gerrardii and Accacia nilotica trees). Other common equally trees include Balanites aegyptica, Calotropis procera, Maerua crassifolia, Salvadora persica amongst other species. Figure 4-2: Karamoja Sub-Region (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2020) 4.1.2.6 Population The population of Karamoja sub-region can be summarized as in Table 4-1 Table 4-1: Population of Karamoja Districts District Population Census 2002 Population Projection 2012 Population Projection 2014 41 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Nakapiripiti 90,922 161,600 169,691 Abim 67,171 103,306 109,039 Kotido 122,541 233,300 178,909 Moroto 77,243 136,000 104,539 Kaabong 202,758 395,200 169,274 Napak 112,697 197,700 145,219 Amudat 63,572 113,700 111,758 (Source: UBOS 2014) Karamoja is subdivided into three livelihood zones (Error! Reference source not found.) i.e. (i) the sub-humid wet-agricultural zone, (ii) the semi-arid agro-pastoral zone, and (iii) the arid- pastoral zone. Each of these livelihood zones has defining attributes. The wet agricultural zone runs down the western part of the sub-region and receives the highest rainfall total in the region on average 800-1200mm per annum. The agro-pastoral zone represents the crop-livestock mixed farming system and runs through much of central to northern Karamoja with annual rainfall averaged at 500-800mm, which is often poorly distributed. The arid-pastoral zone occurs in the eastern part of the sub-region, covering parts of Kotido, eastern Moroto and Amudat. This zone is characterized by variable, poorly distributed and low rainfall not exceeding 700 mm per annum. Unlike most of the rest of the country, which has two rainy seasons and two planting seasons, Karamoja has only one rainy season and one planting season12. Karamoja is also characterized by high spatial temporal variability in rainfall with a lack of a smooth transition from one extreme event to the other. 12 Office of the Prime Minister-OPM 2009) Karamoja Action Plan for Food Security (2009–2014). Office of the Prime Minister, Kampala. http://opm.go.ug/assets/media/resources/17/Karamoja_Action_Plan_for_Food_Security_(200 9-2014).pdf 42 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Figure 4-3: Livelihoods zone map of Karamoja 4.1.2.7 Land Tenure Land tenure system is multiple i.e. individual, institutions, prisons, leased/titled, free hold/customary owned–Land for settlements and gardens is individually owned by family’s/grazing areas defined by individual–fallow land primary access rites/wide range lands which have clans with primary users, secondary and tertiary users’ rights e.g. Turkana and Toposa. The danger of rangelands type of land use is that no clear ownership exists; everyone uses it without restrictions/communal use. At present, customary tenure has evolved into individualized and communal sub-tenures, each with distinct characters and resource rights embedded therein for the individuals, households and the community at large. 4.1.2.8 Livestock Livestock rearing of sheep, goats and cattle has a long history in the Karamoja region, particularly in the pastoral and agropastoral livelihood zones. Many Karamojong households obtain a proportion of their annual income from livestock (in 2014, 40% owned cattle, 49% owned sheep 43 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF and 50% owned poultry). Traditionally, pastoralists lived in fenced hamlets called manyattas and, as a traditional adaptive response, travelled during the dry season to find water and grass to stock mobile enclosed cattle camps called kraals. However, land use and land cover change have transformed available forage resources, particularly in the grasslands. In addition, the decades of civil unrest, combined with new, more sedentary pastoralist practices imposed as part of the disarmament process that limit mobility by replacing the traditional kraal system with concentrated corrals next to Ugandan army camps, present substantial challenges to pastoralist livelihoods. Limiting mobility and concentrating animal shelters has led to widespread overgrazing around camps and exacerbated tensions regarding use of limited water resources. These arrangements are not well-received by the Karamojong. All of these issues combined reduce the quality of herds, render livestock more sensitive to heat and water stress, and threaten their usefulness in helping families cope with shocks. 4.1.2.9 Crop production Crop production in Karamoja is strictly rainfed, and reliant on two principal crops: sorghum and maize. Other crops grown include beans, groundnuts, cassava and sweet potatoes. The majority of farming is of a subsistence nature, although the western region also grows vegetables for markets (e.g., cash crops). Soil fertility in most of Karamoja is poor. South Karamoja’s soil types have very limited water retention capacity, cracking during the dry season and becoming waterlogged during the wet season. Soils are highly compacted in general, often forming a dense mass called hardpan. With the exception of less compacted and more nutrient-rich soils along dry river courses, most of the soils in the region are of low fertility. These poor-quality soils, which produce low yields at the best of times, make agricultural production especially vulnerable to temperature increases and drought, conditions likely to be exacerbated by climate change. Cropping cycles are defined by the onset of the rains in April. 4.1.3 Elgon sub-region This is an Economic region deriving its name from the Mt. Elgon on whose slopes the region is situated and is comprised of the Bugisu districts of Mbale, Sironko, Manafwa, Bududa and Bulambuli and the Sebei districts of Kapchorwa, Kween and Bukwo (Figure 3-6). The region is located in Eastern Uganda with Mbale the principal town located about 245km from Kampala. The region borders Kenya, which can be accessed through Suam border post in Bukwo district and Lwakhaka border post in Manafwa. It neighbors the Karamoja, Teso and Bukedi regions internally. 44 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Figure 4-4: Bugisu Sub-Region (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2022). 4.1.3.1 Geology and soils The Pre-Cambrian rock system and the Cainozoic rock formations are the major formations underlying the Mbale region. The pre-Cambrian rock system is mainly granitic or high to medium 45 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF metamorphosed formations, consisting of undifferentiated gneisses and elements of partly granitic and metamorphosed formations. Cainozoic formations consist of Pleistocene to recent sediment, alluvium, black soils and moraines. The geomorphology of Bududa is greatly controlled by the volcanism and doming of the rocks. The main geology is fenitized basement rocks and in the central part known as Bukigai, a pre-Elgon alkaline volcanic structure, the Butiriku carbonatite Complex stands out. 4.1.3.2 Vegetation The Mbale region is heavily cultivated, with little to no remnants of natural vegetation in the lower and mid elevation areas. Natural vegetation remains in the higher elevation areas, most of which fall within the Mt. Elgon Forest National Park. In the higher altitudes, the natural vegetation changes from montane, to grassland, bamboo then heath and moorland in that order. The supra- tropical forests up the mountain is dominated by with Camphor, Aningeria adolfi-friederici, Podocarpus latifolius, Olea hochestetteri and Prunus africana (Hamilton13MoWE 201814). Mixed bamboo occurs at about 2,500-3,000m, which turns into open woodland dominated by Hagenia abyssinica and African rosewood, the heath zone 3,000-3,500m characterized by giant heath with grassy swards of tussock grass. The Afro-alpine region stretches from 3,500m to 4,321m asl, dominated by Senecio elgonensis. 4.1.3.3 Socio-economic characteristics The Mbale region has about 590 persons per square km, making it one of the most densely populated parts of Uganda. Mbale town is the major urban area with a population of more than 150,000. There are numerous other smaller towns, including Bududa, Manafwa that are now growing since each now hosts the headquarters of their respective districts. The majority of the people of Mbale region are ethnic Bagisu, who have inhabited the western slopes of Mt. Elgon for centuries. Most people are engaged in agriculture, which is the main economic activity employing more than 80% of the population. The major crops grown at high altitudes include bananas, arabica coffee and Irish potatoes, while at lower elevations the dominant crops are maize, millet, cassava, beans and sweet potatoes, cabbage and tomatoes. The Mbale region as well as other parts of the slopes of Mt. Elgon is the major Arabica coffee producing areas in Uganda. 4.1.3.4 Climate The region has a unique climate pattern, which favors special crops such as wheat, barley and other cereals like maize, and sorghum used in commercial beer production. This plus the high tourism potential derived from the Mountain and its associated ecosystems make the Elgon region a high economic potential region. Mean maximum temperature over the last decade (2002 to 2011) for Buginyanya lie between 26.9°C in February and 22.2°C in July. Maximum temperatures have ranged between 30.2°C and 17.2°C. Mean minimum temperature ranged between 13.7°C and 12.9°C. There has been an increase of between 0.4 and 1.2°C in mean monthly temperatures in the Mbale region during the 2001-2011 period over the 1961-1990 normal. However, whilst there are indications that May, June and July have received up to a 13- 13 Allan Hamilton 1991, A Field Guide Ugandan Forest Trees. Makerere University-Kampala Uganda 14 MoWE 2018: Revised Analytical Report on Building the resilience of the rural Communities through improved conservation and protection of catchment areas and improving water supply, storage and utilization 46 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 15% increase in rainfall in the last decade at Buginyanya station, there were often decreases in the previous decade relative to the 1961-1990 baseline period. 4.1.3.5 Agriculture The coffee-banana system is predominant in Elgon region. There is barley, maize, wheat and Irish potatoes especially in the Sebei districts. Livestock activities such as cattle rearing, poultry keeping, apiary, and pig rearing are also common in the Sebei areas of Kapchorwa, Kween and Bukwo. Agriculture is the main economic activity in the Mbale region. Nearly 87% of all people in the region are employed in agriculture. Major crops grown include bananas, coffee, beans and maize. The crops are mainly grown in a banana coffee system. Coffee is mainly grown under Cordia macrophylla shade. Other coffee shade trees include Albizia species, Grevellia, Eucalyptus grandis woodlots are also found scattered over the landscape. Cultivation on steep slopes increases the risk of erosion. This also results into siltation of rivers. Terraces that are one of the techniques that make cultivation on slopes sustainable are a very rare sight in the Mbale region. Currently, coffee yields range from 1,556 to 1,776 kg/ha. This average yield is below the production potential of 2,000kg/ha for Arabica coffee under good management practices. 4.1.3.6 Land tenure Land has remained a major problem for most households in the region. Population pressure coupled with poor land tenure have served to deepen the crisis. There are three main types of land tenure namely; customary, leasehold and individual freehold. More than 80 % of the land is under customary ownership where land rights are regulated by the local customs. About 10 % of the land is held under leasehold while the other 10 % is under freehold. 4.1.3.7 Teso sub region The sub-region under the project will be implemented in the districts of Kumi, Bukedea, Serere, Ngora, Katakwi, Soroti, Kapelebyong, Amuria, Kalaki, Kaberamaido and the interventions will focus on pond fish farming, cage fish farming, livestock (poultry, pigs, dairy, beef cattle), macadamia and citrus and mangoes. Teso sub-region is bordered in the north and east by the semi-arid region of Karamoja, to the west by Lango and to the south by Bukedi (Error! Reference s ource not found.). According to the 2014 National Population and Housing Census, 1.8 million people are living in Teso, 80% of whom are the Iteso who speak Ateso (Byaruhanga C., et al., 2014). 4.1.3.8 Climate The region has bimodal rainfall regime, supporting two cropping seasons. The first and major cropping season normally starts in March and runs until mid to late June/July when the dry season sets in. The second and minor rains are often received between August and early December when second season harvests begin. For most of the location, there is no distinct lean period; however, districts close to Karamoja Region tend to experience nearly similar seasonal trends as their neighbours on the Karamoja side and are most impacted by any inordinate actions of their Karimojong neighbours (Byaruhanga C., et al., 2014). 4.1.3.9 Vegetation The vegetation in the sub-region can best be described as grassland savannah. The soils are mainly sandy loam with a variation from sandy to loamy soils depending on the terrain. The area is endowed with lakes, rivers and vast wetlands. The region is composed of one livelihood zone eastern-central low land, cassava, sorghum and groundnuts zone. The crops grown include cassava sweet potatoes, sorghum, finger millet, peas, groundnuts and rice. The Iteso ethnic 47 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF groups are cultivators as well as cattle keepers from the old times. In addition to the traditional livelihood strategies, a number of off-farm activities have evolved including boda-boda cycling, black smiths, fishing, charcoal burning, local brew (ajono) trade, brick making, stone and sand quarrying among others. 4.1.3.10 Land tenure in Teso region In Teso region, the most common mode of land ownership is customary system, which is almost the same as customary law in other parts of northern Uganda. Under customary tenure in Teso, the clan elders have the responsibility for administering land, but this includes the right to say who can sell land and to whom. The family head manages the land on behalf of the family as the steward of the land. His rights to manage the land go together with the responsibility to look after the rights of others to use the land, and to make sure that the next generation will also be able to enjoy the land. 4.1.3.11 Economic activities The region is composed of one livelihood zone Eastern-Central Low Land, Cassava, Sorghum and Groundnuts zone. The crops are grown include cassava sweet potatoes, sorghum, finger millet, peas, groundnuts and rice. Livestock such as cattle, goats, and sheep, chicken are also kept by smallholder farmers mainly for food and income, and oxen used for opening up land. The Iteso ethnic groups are cultivators as well as cattle keepers from the old times. In addition to the traditional livelihood strategies, a number of off-farm activities have evolved Including Boda Boda cycling, black smiths, fishing, charcoal burning, local brew (Ajono) trade, brick making, stone and sand quarrying among others. 48 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Figure 4-5: Teso Sub-region map (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2022). 4.1.4 Lango Sub-Region The Lango sub-region is currently divided into 9 districts of Alebtong, Amolatar, Apac, Dokolo, Kole, Lira, Oyam, Otuke and Kwania Districts. The region is situated within the annual cropping and cattle-farming systems that are primarily found in Northern Uganda. 49 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 4.1.4.1 Topography The sub-region has landscapes to the north is Lake Kyoga crossing diverse swamps associated with the Kyoga-Kwania system. For most parts in the sub-region, the landscape is extensively flat with on significant undulations. This spectacular topography of the region is a result of a combination of a complex geomorphological process associated with tectonism in the Albertine, volcanic eruption on the Elgon and inundation of the marginal flat areas of Lake Kyoga. 4.1.4.2 Geology The sub-region is underlain by some of the oldest Precambrian basement complex rocks much of which have been modified by tectonic processes associated with formation of the rift valley. The evidently deeply weathered Precambrian crystalline rocks associated with the general geology of the region resulting from tectonic processes that operated on Precambrian orogenic-metallogenic belts of Africa underlie the project area. Material flows from the rifts were deposited on the underlying basement complex rocks. 4.1.4.3 Soils Soil types are basically laterites developed on very ancient deposit including lake deposits underlain by basement Complex gneisses. A number of catenas are represented in the project area. The basic geomorphic history is postulated as follows–laying down of sandy sediments over Basement Complex, with islands formed by protruding inselbergs, slow draining of the lake, eluviation and laterite formation, uplift and dissection of the plateau and deposition of new clay soils in the swamps. 4.1.4.4 Climate The Lango sub region lies within a climate belt characterized by a double maxima rainfall regime and relatively high temperatures throughout the year. The annual mean maximum temperature ranges between 250C and 310C, the hottest month being February while mean annual minimum temperature range from 180C-220C the coolest months being June and July. Two rainy seasons are recorded with the first long rains beginning in March, peaking in April/May and ceasing in June characterize the sub-region. 4.1.4.5 Vegetation The vegetation of a place is described based on species present, which are a function of prevailing environmental conditions. Vegetation is influenced by landform, soils, climate and a horde of anthropogenic factors such as agro-pastoral systems and other land uses. Approximately three quarters of all vegetation zones have been modified with the exception of a few permanent wetlands. Sections of the road have plantation forest reserves along the alignment though with an offset of over 60m from the alignment. 50 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Figure 4-6: Lango Sub-Region (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2022). 4.1.4.6 Agricultural Production Agriculture is the major economic activity in the sub-region. The majority of farmers in the sub- region are small holders who grow mainly annual crops. The annuals include maize, sweet potatoes, beans, cassava and groundnuts. The livestock comprises goats, cows, sheep, and rabbits while poultry such as chicken, turkey, ducks are also reared. Subsistence and quasi commercial levels growing mainly sunflower, maize, simsim and cassava. Cotton is mainly grown in Uganda Prison Farm in Loro. There are also efforts at commercializing sunflower growing to extract oils and there are some areas in the district, which are taking on commercial fruit farming of oranges, mangoes and other fruit trees. 4.1.4.7 Land Ownership 51 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Land in particular is a major factor that characterizes a fusion of household and national ‘asset politics15. In Lango sub-regions, land is passed from father to sons, but the customary tenure systems grant women significant land rights. Everyone born of the clan on inherited land, whether male or female, has the right to use land. Despite women having significant land rights under customary tenure arrangements. Formal laws that forbid discrimination against women, significant disparities between the rights of men and women arising from violation of customary law exist but have not helped much. The power of the clan authorities to enforce rules governing customary tenure have eroded over time, such that clan elders now often fail in their traditional duty to protect women and children16. This is largely occasioned by women’s inability to protect their land rights when challenged by more powerful people, including their husband and family members. 4.1.5 Acholi sub-region The districts that comprise Acholi sub-region under the project include Amuru, Lamwo, Nwoya, Omoro, Kitgum, Pader, Gulu and Agago. 4.1.5.1 Topography The relief of Gulu, Amuru, Nwoya and Kitgum Districts consists of complex low landscape with relatively uniform topography marked by few sharp contrasts in the altitude ranges between 1,000-1,200 meters above sea level. The relief of Amuru consists of complex low landscape with relatively uniform topography marked by few sharp contrasts like Kilak hills in the north-eastern part of the district (Kilak County). Generally, the altitude ranges between 1,000-1,200m above sea level. 4.1.5.2 Geology The major rock types that form the geology of Amuru and Gulu districts are composed of remnants of low land surfaces and scarps related to rift or Aswa, sediments of western rift valley, zone of Tors and inselbergs areas of infill, remnants of upland and hot springs. In Lira district, the major geological formations are the basement complex (mainly undifferentiated acid gneiss) covering most of the district. 4.1.5.3 Soils According to Langlands (1974)17 classifications, the soil of Gulu and Amuru districts consists of ferruginous soil with a high percentage of sandy soils and therefore susceptible to erosion. Due to its sandy nature, the soil has low water retention capacity and high rate of water infiltration. The soils are usually deep with little differentiation into clearly defined zones and possess fine granular structure, others moulded into large, weak coherent clods that are very porous. 15 UBOS-Gender Issues in Uganda,2019 16 Women and Customary Land Rights in Uganda,2011 Langlands, B. W 1974: Soil productivity and land availability studies for Uganda. Occasional paper No. 54, Makerere University. Dept. of Geography, Kampala-Uganda. 52 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 4.1.5.4 Climate The type of climate experienced in Gulu consists of dry and wet seasons. The average total rainfall received is 1,500 mm per annum with the monthly average rainfall varying between 14mm in January and 230mm in August. Normally the wet season extends from April to November with the highest peaks during May, August and October, while the dry season begins in November and extends up to March. The rainfall in the district is bimodal with one peak during April-May and the other in August-October. The average annual rainfall in the district varies between 1200-1600 mm decreasing northwards. The average minimum and maximum temperatures are 22.50C and 25.50C respectively18. 4.1.5.5 Land Tenure and Land Use Land tenure system in the regions is largely customary land tenure type with the exception of church missions, hospitals and schools a number of which hold Freehold land tenure titles. Inheritance of land is usually passed on to a male heir and negotiations affecting land acquisition is always geared to the male head of the household after the clan head has given the go ahead. The districts have spatial populations, which are unevenly distributed. Accessibility to socio- economic infrastructures has largely determined population distribution in the districts while natural resource endowments largely determined and greatly influenced the settlement pattern. It is worthwhile to mention that in the past two decades or so the population settlement pattern in the districts has had a departure from natural resource endowment potentials and existence of socio-economic activity determinants to security concerns. People predominantly live in grass- thatched houses. 4.1.5.6 Key Economic Activities The Acholi are traditionally agro-pastoral communities. Most people (80% of households) report that crop production is their main economic activity, though most people depend on several complementary activities. Many aspire to return to the situation where livestock keeping was a significant secondary livelihood source. There is very little formal employment in rural areas. Apart from crop production, the most common sources of income include; casual labour, both agricultural and non-agricultural, petty trading, alcohol brewing especially for women and seasonal exploitation of natural resources, such as charcoal burning, collecting firewood, making bricks A few people, especially younger men, have motorcycles (boda boda) and work in bicycle repair, etc., though very few of households identify any such small business activities as a main income source. Participation in Cash for Work (CFW) is also mentioned by villagers as a livelihood source19. 18 NEMA Uganda State of Environment Report 2018, Kampala-Uganda 19 NUSAF 3 ESMF 2016 53 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Figure 4-7: Acholi Sub-Region (Source: JBN GIS Unit 2022) 4.1.6 Kabarole Sub-Region 4.1.6.1 Kamwenge District Kamwenge District lies in Western Uganda, it is bordered by Kasese district in the west, Kabarole in the north west and extreme north, Kyenjojo and Kyegegwa in north and north east, Kiruhura in the east, Ibanda in the east and south east and Rubirizi in south west. The district covers a land area of approx. 2,439.4km2. Kamwenge is made up of two counties and one municipal council. 4.1.6.2 Demography The population of Kamwenge in 1991 was 201,654 and increased to 263,730 in 2002. In 2014 it was 414,454, the projection for 2015 is 427,200 and the midyear projection for 2016 is 442,600 54 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF people. Population distribution in the district varies from Sub County to sub county due to environmental factors such as vegetation, topography, government policy, the level of soil fertility and historical factors and even the level economic activities. It is also partly attributed to issues of migration and the influx of refugees. 4.1.6.3 Climate Kamwenge receives bimodal rainfall (March–May and August- November) estimated at 700- 1,400mm annually with temperatures ranging from 20-250C. August-November is the main production season for agricultural activities in the district which is characterized with high rainfall. 4.1.6.4 Vegetation and soils The vegetation of Kamwenge is typically savannah grassland, shrubs, and some pockets of forests with black loam, sandy and clay as the main soil types. Forestry cover remains intact in Kibale and Kakasi Central Forest Reserves; otherwise, most of the natural forests which were not under government ownership were depleted and are now farmlands. Most of that the natural vegetation remains protected in the protected areas such as Katonga Wildlife Reserve and Queen Elizabeth National Park though the protected areas are prone to wild fires during the dry seasons of the year. 4.1.6.5 Land use Land-use and socio-economic characteristics Land in Kamwenge district is predominantly used for agriculture both animal husbandry and crop husbandry. 85% of households, i.e. 75,679 out of 89,068 households in the District are engaged in subsistence agriculture. The highlands of Kitagwenda county especially Kicheche sub-county are used for coffee and millet growing while bananas and other food crops like beans, maize, cassava, ground nuts and rice grow on slopes and lowlands as well as in the rift valley. The same areas support livestock rearing. The rest of the land is under agro-forestry establishments for the middle-income earners and general human settlements like schools and rural growth centres. 4.1.6.6 Poverty and Development in Kamwenge District Overall, poverty incidence in Western Region dropped by over half (58%) from 2005/2006 to 2012/2013, the largest decline (in relative terms) of all four regions. Poverty reduction was driven largely by growth of the agriculture sector, driven in turn by high food prices on national and world markets, increases in the area under cultivation, and to a lesser extent the adoption of improved agricultural technologies. Development-related indicators for Kamwenge District, as well as for Mid-Western Sub-Region and Western Region where Kamwenge is located indicate that, poverty in the district is fueled by high fertility rates. Kamwenge District’s total fertility rate of 6.9 births per woman is higher than Uganda’s rate of 6.2 births per woman, which is alread y one of the highest in the world (UBOS 2012, GoU Higher Local Government 2009). A little over a third (37%) of children 6-12 years of age are currently attending school. Most (85%) households practice subsistence farming. The majority of households live in homes with non-permanent walls (83%) and floors (78%), with unimproved or no toilet facilities (84%). 4.1.6.7 Land Ownership Disputes During the time the Rwandese refugees were in Rwamwanja, they acquired reasonable sizes of land mainly for grazing their animals and practicing some farming (bananas and beans). Following 55 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF their departure in 1994, more Ugandans moved into the Settlement some of whom directly bought from the outgoing Rwandese, while others just moved and occupied what was seemingly free land on prompting form some of the local leaders in the surrounding districts. Although there are some conflicts, it was reported that the entire Rwamwanja Settlement is gazetted as Government property. Under these circumstances it is kept in trust by the Uganda land Commission for the people of Uganda. 4.1.6.8 Livelihoods and Environment According to the UNHCR Rwamwanja Factsheet (2021) and field studies, UNHCR works with other agencies to provide access to high yielding varieties of common food crops, supporting crop post- harvest handling and informal vocational skills development including tailoring, hairdressing, baking, craft making and soap making for group-based income generation. There are now over 30 supported livelihoods groups in the settlement. Community savings and credit structures (Village Savings and Loan Associations) are promoted to increase refugees’ access to cheap credit. Tree planting through community tree nurseries and “tree marking� are used for environmental conservation as well as support to access low-cost energy efficient technologies like Lorena stoves and charcoal briquettes. To date, over 5,000 households have benefited both directly and indirectly from the above interventions. Paid employment is coming up within the Settlement due to the many implementing partners who sometimes pay refugees to perform certain tasks such as road construction. Field consultations revealed that since most refugees are in farming, they face a problem of post-harvest losses due to poor or no storage facilities available in the area. As a result, food produced especially in Rwamwanja (Irish potatoes, maize, etc.) is sold very cheaply to the buyers who come from urban areas like Kampala to take advantage of the situation. 4.1.7 Busoga Sub Region The project will be implemented in the districts of Buyende, Kamuli, Luuka, Kaliro, Namutumba, Bugiri, Bugweri, Iganga, Mayuge and Namayingo whose general baseline is summarised as follows: 4.1.7.1 Topography The land is generally characterized by gentle undulating hills with few higher residual features. A somewhat higher relief across the district forms two main watersheds; a northern drainage and a southern drainage; the latter of which drains to Lake Victoria. Major swamps include Igogero, Kibimba and Dohwe and major hills are Irimbi, Bululu and Namakoko. The terrain upon which Namutumba District is located is that of remnant Busoga surfaces and valleys. Physiographical, it rises from lowlands of 3,830ft (1,167m) to hilly surroundings of 91,2249m) above sea level. Elsewhere are valley sediments eroded from higher grounds, which form part of the District Basement Valley of varying gradients that separate the steep slopes of Namutumba District, these valleys form essential natural drains of the district downstream towards Mpologoma. 4.1.7.2 Climate The sub-region enjoys a tropical climate and is characterized by comparatively small seasonal variations in temperatures. The rain falls for 160–170 days each year with two peaks from March– May and October–November. The temperature ranges from 220 C to 270 C with an annual average of 25°C. The annual temperature range is 23-27°C. The mean annual rainfall is 1000mm 56 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF with a range from 900-1150mm. The district is of bi-annual season with the 1st rains covering March-June and 2nd rains August–November. 4.1.7.3 Safe water coverage Mayuge district is one of the districts in Busoga where safe drinking water is hard to come by, despite its location on Lake Victoria. With water coverage of 54%, and over 242,000 people without access to safe drinking water, the district is in the ranks of 20 o thers categorised as “water stressed�, according to the Ministry of Water and Environment (MoWE). In Kaliro, safe water access rates vary from 14 % in Bukamba Sub-County to 95 % in Kisinda Sub-County. The district has 596 domestic water points which serve a total of 176,558 people–167,927 in rural areas. About 28 water points have been non-functional for over 5 years and are considered abandoned. In addition, the Kaliro has 2 piped schemes. For Namutumba areas, access to safe water coverage vary from 33 % i n Ivukula Sub-County to 95 % in Nangode Sub-County. Namutumba has 665 domestic water points which serve a total of 181,949 people–174,443 in rural areas. About 81 water points have been non-functional for over 5 years and are considered abandoned. Namutumba has 1 piped scheme. The access rates in Iganga vary from 56 % in Nambale Sub-County to 95 % in Bulamogi Sub-County. Iganga has 857 domestic water points which serve a total of 283,099 people–228,374 in rural areas. About 15 water points have been non-functional for over 5 years and are considered abandoned. Iganga has 1 piped scheme. 4.1.7.4 Vegetation The current vegetation cover in the areas of Busoga is a result of various human influenced or impacted activities, with most of the areas under crop vegetation. There are isolated patches of natural forest left on a few hills, valleys and lakeshores. Elsewhere, grasses such as Pennisetum purpurem and Hyparrhenia rufa dominate the vegetation cover. Remnants of tropical trees are scattered on many farmlands with species like Markhamaia lutea (Lusambya), Ficus spp (omutuba), Melicia exelca (Muvule tree), and Albizia spp. dominating most parts of the sub- region. However, the modified types dominate the large extent in settlement or built-up areas in the urban areas, along landing sites and fishing settlements. 4.1.7.5 Poverty in the Busoga Region Busoga region according to the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS 2021) report indicates that the incidence income poverty levels in Uganda during the COVID-19 pandemic have increased to 22% from 19% with the Busoga region at 14%. Busoga has over the years been ranked top among regions with high poverty levels. In response, the government has come with several interventions but these seem not to be working since the poverty levels are continuing to rise. A report released by Uganda bureau of statistics indicates that poverty levels have increased from the time coronavirus was confirmed in Uganda last year. The report shows that poverty levels in the Busoga sub-region stands at 14.5%, followed by the Bukedi sub-region at 10.4 and the Acholi region with 10.3%. Out of the 8.3 million people believed to be below the poverty line, 1.162 million people are in Busoga sub region, where many cannot afford a pair of shoes. In the affected areas, children were subjected to child labor. This is explained by the 14% rise from 21% to 36%. Besides the rising poverty levels, access to education is yet another challenge, with most learners trekking long distances, which explains the high school dropout. 57 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF It is said that; poverty levels had increased in Busoga largely due to increased population caused by poor family planning. The region has high population density but people don’t want to do low- level economic activities which has contributed to poverty. Also, most of them are farmers who deal in growing sugarcane which almost take two years to mature, this means that a person will spend two years lacking money. It is further noted 14.5% of people in Busoga are totally poor, in Bukedea they are 10.4% while Acholi has 10.3%. In addition, it is noted that, the outbreak of COVID-19 has also contributed much to increased levels of poverty. 4.1.8 West Nile Sub-Region In the planned project areas, the beneficiary districts will include; Koboko, Maracha, Moyo, Pakwach, Nebbi, Yumbe and Zombo, Madi-okollo, Obongi and some of their baseline details are as follows: 4.1.8.1 Maracha District Maracha District is found in the North Western region lying between Arua and Koboko Districts. It’s district headquarters and commercial town is in Maracha Town Council 34km north of Arua town along the main road to South Sudan. Maracha District is bordered by Koboko District to the North, Yumbe District to the north-east, Democratic Republic of Congo to the West and by Arua District to the south and south-east. The District has an approximate total area of 445.18km2 and about 2.09% (0.92km2) of the total land is occupied by forests, water bodies and hills, leaving a total of 435.87km2 as the available habitable and arable land. 0.02km2 of the total land is occupied by water bodies and wetlands. 4.1.8.2 Population The district, with a total area of 441km2 is home to 186,176 (2014 census) people who are spread within the one county, seven sub-counties namely Nyadri, Yivu, Tara, Oluffe, Kijomoro, Oleba, Oluvu and Maracha Town Council. The district comprises 42 parishes and 411 villages. 4.1.8.3 Water and sanitation The access rates in Maracha vary from 66 % in Oleba Sub-County to 95 % in Kijomoro Sub-County. Maracha has 911 domestic water points which serve a total of 184,509 people –174,585 in rural areas. 309 water points have been non-functional for over 5 years and are considered abandoned. Maracha has 3 piped schemes. 4.1.8.4 Economic Activities The main economic activity in the district is agriculture but this is done on a small-scale level. Other key activities are trade and commerce. The main cash crop grown for the past decades has been tobacco but in the last few years tobacco has been gradually abandoned in favor of food production. Among the main crops grown are cassava, beans, sweat potatoes and maize. Livestock farming, fishing and bee keeping are also widely practiced. Other economic activities include trading in commercial merchandise, trade in produce, fish mongering, brick laying, timber exploitation, charcoal burning and brewing of local spirits. 4.1.8.5 Nebbi District Nebbi District is in the West Nile sub region of Uganda. It is bordered by Arua district to the north, Zombo to the northwest, DRC to the southwest and Pakwach to the south–east. Nebbi district has a total area of about 985.00km2 and average population density of 296.1. Nebbi district has population of 238,757 (114, 732 males, 124,025 females) people as projected from National Population and Housing Census 2014. Nebbi District is currently divided into 13 Lower Local Governments I.e. Eight (8No.) rural Sub-Counties i.e. (Akworo, Nyaravur, Kucwiny, Ndhew, Atego, 58 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Nebbi, Erussi, Parombo), one (No.1) Town Council i.e. (Parombo Town Council) one (1No.) Municipal Council i.e. (Nebbi Municipal) and three (3No.) divisions i.e (Abindu, Nebbi, Thatha). 4.1.8.6 Population According to the Population and Housing Census (2014), Nebbi District has an estimated population of 433, 466 people; and of these men constitute 48% while women are 52%. With a population growth rate of 2.69%, the population is mainly rural to a tune of 90.2%. Okoro County comprises 39% of the total district population, with Padyere containing 38 per cent, and Jonam containing 23%. 4.1.8.7 Climate The project area has a bi-modal rainfall pattern with light rains between April and October. The wettest season normally August and September receive 120mm/month. The average total rainfall is 1250 mm per year. The mean monthly evaporation ranges from 130 mm-180 mm. In the dry season (December-March) temperatures in this part of the country remain high throughout. 4.1.8.8 Economic activities Subsistence farming is the major economic activity in the district, with less than 40% marketed. The main crops grown are cotton, coffee, simsim, sorghum, millet, sweet potatoes, beans, cassava, maize and vegetables. However, agro-processing is done on a small scale. The district is strategically positioned to access a wide market in the entire region especially from parts of South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Proximity to Murchison Falls National Park makes Nebbi a distinctive tourist destination arising from the variety of the available game stock and the scenic beauty of the park. Equally important to note is the fact that the district is endowed with several natural resources: including L. Albert and R. Nile which contain a wide range of fish species and other aquatic resources. 4.1.8.9 Yumbe District Yumbe District was created in November 2000 from Arua District. It is bordered by South Sudan to the north, Moyo District to the east, Adjumani to the southeast, Arua to the south, Maracha to the southwest and Koboko to the west. The district covers a total area of 2,411km2, 80.01% of which is arable, 17.08% forested and 9.9% covered by water bodies and wetlands. 4.1.8.10 Population The 2014 National Population and Housing Census estimated the district population at 484,822, with 52 percent women and 48 men. In 2016, the population was estimated at 534,300. Yumbe is one of the refugee hosting districts. By May 1, 2017, the refugee population had risen to 272,707, from 144,701 registered at the end of 2016. Refugees in the district mainly come from the South Sudan. They are hosted in Bidi Bidi settlement area where they are allocated plots of land to build homes and to farm. They are also encouraged to interact freely, set up shops and other retail businesses. 4.1.8.11 Economic activities The economy of Yumbe District is heavily dependent on agriculture which employs over 80% of the population. The major food crops include cassava, beans, groundnuts, Simsim, millet and maize. Tobacco is the major cash crop and main source of livelihood for most of the population in the district. It is grown mainly in the fertile highland areas and river banks/ valleys. 59 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 5 POTENTIAL RESETTLEMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONS The UCSAT project will support interventions designed to improve livelihoods of farmers, through implementation of the various Project components as described in Section 1.3. The project component that is preliminarily screened and expected to trigger safeguards concerns includes; Component 2, Sub-component 2.3: Investments in market development for Climate-smart Value chains). Under this component, farmers in PAs will receive services through Technical Assistance (TA); and Matching grants to access equipment and machinery for value addition, processing and packaging their produce for increased market access. The sub-project will also finance rehabilitation of infrastructure works for road bottlenecks and trouble spots on rural roads, which constrain access to physical produce markets. Some of the sub-project interventions will include the following; construction of water for production infrastructure and desilting and rehabilitation of existing ones, rehabilitation of farm access roads, establishment of aquaparks, fish cages and ponds, construction of livestock facilities such as holding grounds, import and export quarantine stations, and livestock markets among others. 5.1 Potential Project Impacts Construction of infrastructure such as construction of water for production infrastructure and desilting and rehabilitation of existing ones, rehabilitation of farm access roads, establishment of aquaparks, fish cages and ponds, construction of livestock facilities such as holding grounds, import and export quarantine stations, and livestock markets, construction of storage facilities among others may have the following potential positive impacts: a. Improved nutrition amongst the population: By and large, CSA addresses food security, misdistribution and malnutrition. Uganda has made tremendous progress in reducing the number of people living below the poverty line, however, progress in reducing under nutrition and food insecurity remains slow due to the multiple nature of the causal factors. b. CSA project interventions are geared towards improved crop production such as access to improved climate smart seed varieties, improved use of fertilizers, promotion of SLM practices geared at water preservation through water shade management, hence, improved food availability at household levels by developing households’ farming skills through adoption of appropriate agricultural practices, post-harvest and storage technologies, control of crop diseases and pests through IPM and on-the-job trainings for farmers coupled with soil conservation measures and carefully selection of integrated enterprises at household levels. c. The project will also support the youth and women intervention in Agriculture for both skilled and unskilled youth; scale up processing and marketing for the value chains of Rice, Cassava, Livestock (Piggery/poultry) and vegetables. d. The infrastructure works under the UCSAT project is likely to create employment opportunities for the locals which translates into improved livelihoods and economic empowerment at household levels albeit on short term basis. From the consultative meetings in the different districts with CDOs and district production officers, for example in Iganga, Mbale, Kumi most of the responses registered a high rate of unemployment which precipitated rural urban migration largely among the youth to the urban areas in search for work. e. The CSA addresses the relationship between agriculture and poverty: Agriculture continues to be the main source of food, employment and income for many people in Uganda. Through the support of CSAT smallholder farmers in targeted areas will improve their knowledge, 60 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF skills and technologies in climate change adaptation and apply climate relevant farming practices. They will also increasingly use appropriate farming practices for the selected crops. f. Through the e-Voucher system farmers will have access to and hence increase the use of improved inputs. Increased use of improved input that is tailored to address the farmers’ production constraints will in turn increase productivity, production and surplus for sale. This would increase their income and hence ability to afford CSA practices and technologies and will in turn lead to gains in productivity, marketable surplus, market participation, produce sales and household food security and incomes. g. Skills development and trainings will also be provided to women on O&M, leadership and management thereby promoting economic livelihoods and empowerment. Furthermore, community sensitization will also be conducted on regular basis to ensure both women and men actively participate in the planning and managing of agricultural resources. 5.2 Potential Negative Impacts The UCSAT subprojects may involve limited land acquisition and displacement of land-uses and/or livelihoods; that is, it will try as much as possible to avoid resettling or displacing people. However, in the event that the proposed interventions (construction of water for production infrastructure and desilting and rehabilitation of existing ones, bulk water supply including infrastructure for small irrigation rehabilitation of farm access roads, establishment of aquaparks, fish cages and ponds, construction of livestock facilities such as holding grounds, import and export quarantine stations, and livestock markets, construction of storage facilities) are implemented, these may affect land holdings of individual farmers, community members and other property owners as well as affect people’s livelihood. While these interventions are yet to be identified, as a precautionary measure, this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) will address any issues which might arise from economic displacement and/or restriction of access to communal natural resources. This RPF will be consulted upon, finalized and disclosed prior to appraisal. Permanent effects will result into an infinite loss of use of property, vegetation, or, parcels of land by the affected person as a result of the project activities. Other likely negative resettlement and social issues include; a. Farmers groups or individual farmers and communities whose land is found suitable for construction of infrastructure to help improve productivity may either lose land or crop cover or both and livelihood; b. Resettlement resulting from construction of warehouses, storage facilities and other infrastructure could lead to livelihood changes for some communities especially those farmers growing crops. c. Resettlement may lead to a decline in accessing communal resources such as water sources and grazing lands. d. The project may lead to disruption of social relations and ties due to resettlement. e. There can also be instances of infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS due to new interactions of communities that utilize the new facilities with contract workers. f. Child labor by contractors. This may be as a result of construction workers especially the foreign contractors brought in the communities to work. g. Difficulty in running and managing these new interventions, especially in relation to the choice of technology. For example, introduction of new technology for example E-voucher if not properly trained to the farmers may affect their crop yields. 61 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF h. Some of interventions when implemented (for example location of irrigation schemes, storage facilities of farm sites) may be far away from homesteads therefore there is a likelihood of exacerbating gender-based violence such as sexual assaults of women and girls emanating from long walks to and from facility. And domestic physical and verbal abuses of women and children from husbands due to frustration from delays at water sources. i. Sexual abuse: During construction of UCSAT infrastructure (matching grants, access roads, irrigation schemes etc), there will be employment of workers by a contracted contractor within the counties and districts where interventions will be implemented. The influx of workers employed by the construction company, along with those looking for jobs with the construction company, is widely associated with an increase in sexual abuse and assault of girls in the area. If workers are not sensitized, this may lead increase in sexual violence against both girls who are attending school and those out of school. The sexual assaults could lead to girls having to leave school because of pregnancy. j. As a result of increased economic opportunities created by the construction of infrastructure and due to large family sizes and low educational attainment in some districts within the UCSAT project, both boys and girls could be lured to work by the possibility of financial gain. This could lead to boys dropping out of school to become full time casual labourers or skipping some school days to work so that they can get an income. This impact could be high mainly as it was reported by stakeholders as having high child dropouts. During engagements with the stakeholders, they reported the concerns of children dropping out of school especially during the covid-19 pandemic. The above impacts can result in further indirect impacts, including the marginalization of the population concerned, degradation of health standards, and loss of access to resources for marginalized communities such as farmers, elderly, women, children disturbance to the way of life of affected population, conflicts with host communities, and potential food shortages. Potential resettlement, social and gender impacts and mitigation measures are discussed in table below. Table 5-1: Summary of likely adverse resettlement impacts and management measures Project activities Nature of Impacts Mitigation measures Persons in charge Proposed Loss of use of Prepare a RAP according to this MAAIF-PCU, MFPED, interventions property, RPF; Communities/farmers, construction of vegetation, crops compensate accordingly to the farmer organisations processing plants entitlement matrix prior to land (cassava and rice), acquisition. construction of Ensure fair, adequate and timely water for compensation of those people production whose land is affected through infrastructure and land take. desilting and Prepare a Livelihood Restoration rehabilitation of Plan existing ones, Loss of land Prepare a RAP according to this MAAIF-PCU, MFPED, Construction of RPF; Communities/farmers bulk water supply compensate accordingly to the including entitlement matrix prior to land infrastructure for acquisition. small irrigation Ensure fair, adequate and timely rehabilitation compensation of those people 62 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Construction of whose land is affected through farm access roads, land take. establishment of Prepare a Livelihood Restoration aquaparks, fish Plan for affected communities. cages and ponds, Livelihood changes Prepare a Livelihood Restoration MAAIF-PCU, NGOs, Construction of for some Plan for affected communities. Communities livestock facilities communities Skills development and trainings such as holding should also be provided to grounds, import women and youth. and export Resettlement may The project should ensure that MAAIF-PCU quarantine lead to a decline in they construct infrastructures stations, and accessing communal close to communities, thus livestock markets, resources reducing the overall distance construction of that women and girls must walk storage facilities for farming. For example, the irrigation schemes or storage facilities should not be far away from communities. Misuse of Women should be actively MAAIF-PCU, compensation involved in the various stages of Communities, money the project, especially through Farmers, farmer several stakeholder workshops, groups NGOs, CBOs community surveys, and local supervision committees including farmer cooperative groups. Views expressed by women representatives on issues like choice of technology, selection of project facilities have to be considered in project design. Trainings in Financial Management, Skills development and trainings be provided to women and youth e.g business management skills, post-harvest handling, import utilization, leadership and management thereby promoting economic livelihoods and empowerment. Engagement with the communities, particularly targeting the vulnerable groups including women and girls, on raising the awareness of the potential arrival of external workers, expected social conducts and behaviors, and grievance redress mechanisms should be done. Other Social Issues 63 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Labour and Influx of migrant job Communities should be MAAIF-PCU, MoH, Employment seekers to access sensitized on HIV/AIDS Local leaders, district gainful employment awareness and sexual abuse. officials in the construction Establishment of a grievance works and Handling Mechanism. associated impacts Sensitization to communities such as sexual and schools. promiscuity and Sharing IEC materials on Child HIV/AIDS spread, labour. pressure on local Workers should be sensitized. infrastructure such Special consideration should be as hospitals. given to local workforce as much as possible provided that skillset and technical requirements meet the requirements for the works involved. Child labor by Child protection policy should be MAAIF-PCU, MGLSD, contractors developed and shared with the Local leaders, district client and supervisors. officials, Farmer Collaboration with stakeholders organizations, farmers such as Department of Child labour in the Ministry of Gender Labor and Social Development. Gender-based Have a code of conduct for all MAAIF-PCU, MGLSD, violence such as project workers who will be Local leaders, district sexual assaults interacting with the local officials, contractor Sexual abuse community. Develop and mainstream gender and youth and vulnerability inclusion strategies. The project should ensure that project related workers are sensitized not to engage in relationships with underage girls and married women, and on issues relating to exploitation, HIV/AIDs and STDs. 64 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 5.3 World Bank Criteria for Determining El igibility for Compensation According to ESS5 of the World Bank, the criteria for determining eligibility for compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation assistance measures for persons to be displaced, are based on the following: a. Persons that have formal legal rights to land, including customary and traditional; and religious rights recognized under the laws of Uganda. This class of people includes those holding leasehold land, freehold land and land held within the family or passed on through generations. b. Persons who do not have formal legal rights to land or assets at the time the census begins; but have a recognized claim of use to such land or ownership of assets through the national and traditional laws of Uganda. This class of people includes those that come from outside the country and have been given land by the local dignitaries to settle, and/or to occupy. c. Persons who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying, using or deriving their livelihood on such land. This class of people includes encroachers/squatters. Persons covered under (a) and (b) above are provided compensation for loss of land and assets and other assistance as needed. Persons covered under (c) above are provided resettlement assistance in lieu of compensation for the land they occupy, and other assistance, as necessary, if they occupy the project area prior to the cut-off date. In practice, this means that, people usually considered in Uganda as “squatters� will be entitled to Project assistance as long as they are present on such sites at the time of cut-off date. In other words, the absence of a legal title to land or other assets is not, in itself a bar to compensation for lost assets or to other resettlement assistance. Under the ESS5, squatters are also entitled to resettlement assistance provided they occupied the land before the established cut-off date. These PAPs under the third category, to be able to qualify for resettlement assistance, however must comply with the cut-off date as established by the borrower and acceptable to the Bank. None who has occupied the project area after the cut-off date will qualify for resettlement assistance under this RPF. 5.3.1 Entitlement Matrix Entitlement matrix outlined in Table 5-2 below defines the type of compensation and assistance that is to be provided to the different categories of project-affected households. The following principles will guide payment of compensation for lost assets: a. Compensation shall be paid prior to acquisition or displacement; b. Compensation shall be extended to all PAPs irrespective of tenure status; c. Compensation will be at full replacement cost meaning that replacement of assets with an amount sufficient to cover full cost of lost assets and related transaction costs; d. Replacement cost for agricultural land implies the market value of land of equal productive potential or use located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the costs of preparing the land to levels similar to those of the affected land; and any registration and transfer taxes; e. Compensation for structures shall include the full market cost of materials and labour required for re-constructing a building of similar surface and standing. In other words, the affected person must be able to have their structure rebuilt in a different location using the compensation paid for the old building. Depreciation will not be considered while calculating the cost of affected structures. The Compensation package will also include cost of moving, such as transport costs as well as any associated land titling or transfer fees. 65 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF f. In case of physical displacement and depending on tenure category, PAPs will be provided transition assistance such as moving allowances, subsistence allowances and alternative plot or house where possible. PAPs will also be offered support after displacement during transition period and based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living. All efforts will be made to resettle the physically displaced families within the same settlement to enable them to retain their identity and continue their inter-personal and inter dependency relations. g. PAPs will be provided with development assistance in addition to compensation measures such as land preparation, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities; h. In cases where in-kind replacement is not the preferred option of the PAPs, then the cash compensation will be based on the replacement cost. For the purposes of this RPF, the use of replacement value, or market value, will mean the higher value of two options. 66 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Table 5-2: Entitlement matrix Land and Types of Impact Affected Entities Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Assets Loss of Land Land used for agriculture Farmer/title holder Cash compensation for affected land based on market value. partially affected. Tenant/lease holder Cash compensation for the harvest or product from the affected land or asset, equivalent to average market value of last 3 years, or market value of the crop for the remaining period of tenancy/ lease agreement, whichever is greater. Commercial Land used for business Title holder/ business Cash compensation for affected land equivalent to market value. Land partially affected owner/ Lease Land owners Assets used for business Title holder/business Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according equivalent to market severely affected owner value to PAP’s choice. Land for land replacement will be provided in terms of a new If partially affected, the parcel of land of equivalent size and market potential with a secured tenure status at remaining assets become an available location which is acceptable to the PAP. insufficient for business Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. purposes Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates) Residential Land used for residence Title holder Cash compensation equivalent to market value for affected land. Land partially affected, limited loss Rental/lease holder Cash compensation equivalent to 10% of lease/ rental fee for the remaining period of rental/ lease agreement (written or verbal) Title holder Land for land replacement or compensation in cash equivalent to market value according to PAP’s choice. Land for land replacement shall be of minimum plot of acceptable size under the zoning law/ s or a plot of equivalent size, whichever is larger, in either the community or a nearby resettlement area with adequate physical and social infrastructure systems as well as secured tenure status. When the affected holding is larger than the relocation plot, cash compensation to cover the difference in value. Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) Land and assets used for Rental/lease holder Refund of any lease/ rental fees paid for time/ use after date of removal residence severely affected Cash compensation equivalent to 3 months of lease/ rental fee 67 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Land and Types of Impact Affected Entities Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Assets Remaining area insufficient for Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property continued use or becomes Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) smaller than minimally accepted under zoning laws Buildings and Structures are partially Owner Cash compensation equivalent to market value for affected building and other fixed structures affected assets Remaining structures viable for Cash assistance to cover costs of restoration of the remaining structure continued use Rental/lease holder Cash compensation for affected assets (verifiable improvements to the property by the tenant). Disturbance compensation equivalent to two months rental costs Entire structures are affected Owner Cash compensation for entire structure and other fixed assets without depreciation, or or partially affected alternative structure of equal or better size and quality in an available location which is acceptable to the PAP. Cash compensation should consider the market values and Remaining structures not importance of a replace value of all property. suitable for continued use Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training) Squatter/informal Cash compensation equivalent to market value for affected structure without dweller depreciation. Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance to find alternative secure accommodation preferably in the community of residence through involvement of the project. Alternatively, assistance to find accommodation in rental housing or in a squatter settlement scheme, if available). Rehabilitation assistance if required assistance with job placement, skills training). Standing Crops affected by land PAP (whether owner, Cash compensation equivalent to average of last 3 years market value for the mature crops acquisition or temporary tenant, or squatter)/ and harvested crop. acquisition or easement lease holder Trees Trees lost Title holder, tenant, or Cash compensation based on type, age and productive value of affected trees plus 10% squatter premium. This should be equivalent to the market value. 68 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Land and Types of Impact Affected Entities Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Assets Land Temporary acquisition PAP (whether owner, Cash compensation equivalent to market value for any assets affected (e.g. boundary Acquisition tenant, or squatter)/ wall demolished, trees removed) Lease holder Road side Temporary displacement Business owners Need to aid with movement and compensate for loss of income during the relocation businesses period. Utility Damage to underground Utility companies Compensation for repair of damaged infrastructure and restoration of service. companies facilities and interruption of service - All Impacts Vulnerable groups Provision of transition allowance, allowance to open up Bank account. Provision with transport to relocate. 69 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 5.4 Vulnerable Groups According to World Bank, vulnerable people are considered to be ones who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status, may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related development benefits. Vulnerable groups will be a possible risk of becoming more vulnerable due to displacement, compensation, and resettlement process. Vulnerable groups include households headed by women and also those by the children, households victimized by HIV/AIDS, households made up of the aged or handicapped, households whose members are impoverished, households whose members are involved in conflict crimes, households whose members are abducted, and women defiled by rebels etc. Assistance shall take the following form depending upon the vulnerable people’s requests and needs: a. Assistance in financial literacy training especially for women and assistance in compensation payment procedures (e.g., going to the bank with then person to cash the compensation cheque); b. Assistance in the post payment period to secure the compensation money and reduce risks of misuse/robbery; c. Assistance in the locating and growing of fodder banks for the Pastoralists for cattle grazing; d. Ensuring migrant and settler farmers are included in the consultations regarding the RPF/RAP and compensation and have their share of the compensation and assist in finding alternative sites for farming and also be incorporated into the out-grower and small holder schemes of the project; e. Assistance in building i.e. providing materials, workforce, or building houses; f. Health care if required at critical periods i.e. moving and transition period. 70 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 6 METHODS OF VALUING AFFECTED ASSETS The RAP study should be carried out by the team of valuers who should be registered to undertake the valuation exercise for the projects. The process of valuation inspection and referencing depends on the key points, which the valuation will take care of as follows: a. Collection of all relevant primary and secondary data on the affected property during final detailed valuation inspection and referencing to serve as basis for assessment of loss; b. A comprehensive primary database for monitoring, evaluation and audit. c. During the valuation exercise, the relevant data should be captured by the valuation team: Table 6-1 captures information to be carried out by the valuation team. Table 6-1: Valuation information Category Details Land Capture location details of the land. Identify the boundaries of the area/section of the land to be affected. Take detailed measurement of the land area to be affected along the affected boundaries. Buildings (immovable Photograph all affected immovable properties – detailed internal structures) measurement of buildings should be done. Collate property details, which will include noting affected accommodation details, constructional details of affected parts and external works (fence walls, gates, pavements) affected owner’s details etc. Crops During the inspection and enumeration exercise details such as type, age, stage of growth, size of farm (or number of crops for isolated economic/perennial trees) nature of farm etc. are captured. Temporary structures Collate data on temporary structures by categorizing temporary (movable properties) structures based on constructional details (wall materials, affixed to concrete slabs or not), size of structure and use of structure business/residential) and type. Intangible assets Obtain relevant data on households affected (tenants, owners, relatives), (loss/impact arising apprentices/trainees and determine intangible loss on households, from disturbance) business and livelihoods. 6.1 Valuation and Compensation of Assets In this step every owner of an asset to be affected by the project is enumerated and their socio- economic condition documented. A census of PAPs and their households and the inventory of assets to be acquired serve two vital functions. The primary function is to identify PAPs eligible for resettlement entitlements, which are especially important if disclosure of subproject is likely to encourage land invasion and fraudulent claims for compensation. The census and inventory also supply an important part of the resettlement database used for subproject monitoring and supervision. Where establishing ownership or length of residency is difficult, the census should be conducted as soon as possible, to determine a cut-off date for eligibility for entitlements. In such situations an immediate partial inventory, sufficient to establish the number and general size of structures and other assets to be taken, may be advisable to supplement the census. 6.1.1 Replacement Cost 71 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF During preparation of a RAP, the replacement cost study will be carried out by the certified valuer and must be verified by the Chief Government Valuer. The same should apply during RAP updates (that is for RAP studies that may have taken 2 years or more without implementation). Compensation is based on the principle of replacement cost. Replacement cost is the amount calculated before displacement, which is needed to replace an affected asset without deduction for taxes and/or costs of transaction as follows: a. Productive land (agricultural, aquaculture, garden) based on market prices that reflect recent land sales, and in the absence of such recent sales, based on productive value; b. Residential land based on market prices that reflect recent land sales, and in the absence of such recent land sales, based on similar location attributes; c. Houses and other related structures based on current market prices of materials and labor without depreciation nor deductions for salvaged building materials; d. Annual crops equivalent to current market value of crops at the time of compensation; e. For perennial crops and trees, cash compensation at replacement cost is equivalent to current market value given the type, age and productive value (future production) at the time of compensation. Timber trees based on diameter at breast height at current market value. The objective of evaluation for land is to determine the prices or rates that will enable PAPs to purchase the same type and quantity of land. The valuation of compensation for the loss of land is based on its market value. Direct interviews with landowners in the subproject area, including those whose land is affected and those whose land is not; and consultation with the land and real- estate agency service staff, the valuer, etc. are required. The information to collect and include the recent land transfers (buying/selling transactions) in the area; the price, at which owners are willing to sell their land; or/and price of the recent transaction; type of land etc. In the case for annual crops, the survey team needs to calculate the value of crops that are lost, the market price of the crops during last 3 years. Whereas for perennial trees, the information about production and benefit of their fruit tree during last 3 years and the market price of the trees are needed. As for structures, the survey is to determine whether the prices can enable PAPs to rebuild their affected structures. The valuation of compensation for affected structures is based on the principle of replacement cost 6.1.2 Valuation for Customary Land Implementation of the project may require the use of land under customary land ownership for the proposed sub-project. In this case, valuation methods for affected land and assets should confirm to customary laws and land assets would be valued and compensated for according to the following guidelines: a. The PAPs would be compensated for assets and investments; b. Compensation rates would be at replacement costs as of the date that the replacement is to be provided. c. The market value for cash crops would have to be determined and used. d. Calculation of compensation would not be made after the cut-off date. 6.1.3 Valuation for Government Owned Land Once it becomes necessary to acquire a site for a public purpose, the relevant authorized officer is mandated to prepare the relevant instruments and guidance necessary for the state to acquire the specified property. For cases where the government land is being used by the public for example settlements, for grazing or any other productive activity, the individual or the community 72 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF is only compensated for properties on the surface and not land. For example, he/she is compensated for crops, any improvements and structures because these have been a source of their livelihood. The same procedure obtains for the private owners except that the owner is compensated for both the land and loss of income. 6.2 Determination of Compensation Payment 6.2.1 Compensation Packages Two main resettlement packages will be designed/used to ensure satisfactory compensation for PAPs who lose assets or livelihoods when the UCSAT project is implemented. These packages will be developed in consultation with PAPs. Each PAP will have the opportunity to choose the option that best suits their circumstance. In-kind and/or in cash resettlement packages will be used as means of compensation Table 6-2 (The type of compensation will be an individual choice although every effort will be made to instil the importance and preference of accepting in kind compensation if the loss amounts to more than 20% of the total loss of subsistence assets. PAPs will be advised about benefits of replacement of physical assets and risk inherent in cash payments. For example, unless the affected person chooses cash compensation land-for-land compensation will be encouraged as it ensures PAPs immediately have land for settlement or farming and avoids risk of squandering compensation payments. Table 6-2: Forms of compensation Cash Payments Compensation will be calculated and paid in local currency. Rates will be adjusted for inflation In-Kind Compensation Compensation may include items such as land, houses other buildings, building materials, seedlings, agricultural inputs and financial credits for equipment. Assistance Assistance may include moving allowance, transportation and labor, title fees, or other related costs. Making compensation payments raises some issues regarding inflation, security, and timing. One purpose of providing in-kind compensation is to reduce inflationary pressures on the costs of goods and services. Local inflation may still occur; thus, market prices shall be monitored within the time period that compensation is being made to allow for adjustments in compensation values. The question of security, especially for people who will be receiving cash compensation payment, needs to be addressed by MAAIF. Each recipient in consultation with the district and Municipal officials shall decide upon the time and place for in-kind compensation payments. 6.2.2 Compensation Payments All compensation payments will be made to the affected party in the presence of the following: a. Accountant b. Valuer c. Surveyor d. LC1 Chairperson e. Land officer f. Representative from the sub-county g. Representative from the office of the CAO. 73 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 6.3 Compensation for Land All types of compensation should be clearly explained to the individual or household. A land acquisition team comprising the Land Owner(s), the Local Community, local leader chairperson, District officials and Land Valuation Officers should draw up a contract listing all property and land to be acquired, and the types of compensation (cash and/or in-kind) selected. A person selecting in-kind compensation has an order form, which is signed and witnessed. The compensation contract should be read aloud in the presence of the affected party and other stakeholders prior to signing. 6.3.1 Basis for Valuation Project Affected Persons (PAPs) when displaced by the project will be provided full replacement cost of lost structures and will be able to rebuild or replace their structures without difficulties. The valuation will estimate building/structure compensation rates based on full replacement cost without depreciation. Buildings and structures will be valued on the basis of Replacement Cost Method to arrive at the market value. World Bank’s ESS5 stipulates that depreciation of an asset and value derived from salvaging materials from razed structures should not be discounted when deriving replacement cost. Additionally, the standard ESS5 requires replacement value to include cost of materials transport to site, labor costs and any transfer fees or taxes involved in replacing an asset. In addition, persons who will lose their crops and trees due to sub-project activities will be compensated based on the District rates provided by the District Land Board of the respective districts, which should consider the replacement cost. In this respect it is the duty and responsibility of DLB to compile or review District Compensation rates for their respective Districts. Relevant data to be captured during valuation will include: 6.4 Determination of Crop Compensation Rates 6.4.1 Compensation for Loss of Crops Compensation of crops will be determined by the following criteria below 6.4.1.1 Perennial Crops Cash compensation will be provided for the loss of perennial crops, calculated using the approved district rates (considered adequate for replacement value). In addition, a transitional allowance will be provided to cover any loss of livelihood during the period between the loss of crops and the availability of income from new crops. 6.4.1.2 Annual (Seasonal) Crops The project will provide all compensation under the entitlement matrix six months prior to the commencement of construction. At the time of payment, the timing of the project will be made clear and instruction provided as to how crops will be managed during this time. This timeframe provides adequate opportunity for all seasonal (or “annual�) crops to be harvested, and thus there is no impact to annual crops. As such, no direct compensation will be paid for annual crops. A transitional allowance will be provided to ensure that any changes in livelihood derived from such crops is adequately compensated. In the absence of adequate notice to harvest the crop resulting in loss, the crop will be compensated. 6.4.1.3 Unintentional Damage to Crops If there is unintentional damage to crops during construction of proposed project activities whether owned by PAPs or not, compensation will be paid for both annual and perennial crops, based on approved government rates. 74 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 6.4.2 Compensation for Buildings and Structures Compensation for buildings and other structures will be paid by replacement costs for labour and construction materials of these structures including fences, water and sanitation facilities, etc., will be used to calculate the values. Where part of the compensation is to be paid in cash the applicable replacement costs for construction materials will be used to calculate the values. Alternatively, compensation will be paid in-kind for the replacement cost without depreciation of the structure. 6.4.3 Compensation for Sacred Sites The use of sacred sites, ritual sites, tombs and cemeteries shall not be allowed at any time unless it is absolutely necessary. 75 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 7 STAKEHOLDER AND COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION 7.1 Public Consultation and Participation Stakeholder and community consultation and participation provide opportunities for informing the PAPs and other stakeholders about the proposed project and eliciting PAP and stakeholder feedback. They also provide opportunities for people to present their views and values and for allowing consideration and discussion of sensitive social mitigation measures and trade-offs, as well as affording PAPs with opportunities to contribute to both the design and implementation of the program activities, while at the same time creating a sense of ownership for the project. In so doing, the likelihood of conflicts between and among the affected persons and with the management committees will be reduced. Public consultations in relation to the RAP occur at all stages, starting with inception and planning when the potential lands and alternative sites are being considered. A participatory approach is adopted as an on-going strategy throughout the entire project cycle starting with the RAP preparation. Public participation and consultations take place through individual, group, or community meetings. Additionally, radio programs and other media forms may be used to further disseminate information. PAPs are consulted in the survey process; public notices where explanations of the sub-project are made; RAP implementation of activities; and during the monitoring and evaluation process. Selection of ways to consult, and expand participation by PAPs and other stakeholders, should take into consideration literacy levels prevalent in affected communities; ethnicity and cultural aspects; and practical conditions (like distance). The role of community elders, technical, political and cultural leaders in the participation strategy is important and should be one of the tools used during consultations. The RAP team should ensure that these leaders and local representatives of PAPs are fully involved in designing the public consultation procedures. Particular attention shall therefore be paid to public consultation with PAPs, households and homesteads (including host communities) when resettlement and compensation concerns are involved. As a matter of strategy, public consultation shall be an on-going activity taking place during the: • project inception and planning • screening process • feasibility study, • preparation of project designs • resettlement and compensation planning • drafting and reading/signing of the compensation contracts. • payment of compensations • resettlement activities and • implementation of post-project community support activities 7.2 Stakeholder identification 76 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF This will be undertaken through a brainstorming process and to guide the exercise, the following questions will be asked: i) Which people/groups/institutions would be interested in the UCSAT project and implementation? What is/would be their role? ii) Who are the potential beneficiaries of the UCSAT? iii) Who might be adversely impacted? Who has constraints about the initiative? 7.2.1 Stakeholder Engagement The objectives of engaging stakeholders and the general public during the RPF process and beyond include: 7.2.1.1 Ensuring understanding An open, inclusive and transparent process of engagement and communication will be undertaken to ensure that stakeholders are well informed about the Master Plan as it is developed. Information will be disclosed as early and as comprehensively as possible and appropriate. 7.2.1.2 Involving stakeholders in the assessment: Stakeholders will also be included in the RPF as well as the RAP study through a mulita-sectoral technical committee appointed by the client. They will also play an important role in providing local knowledge and information for the baseline to inform the impact assessment. 7.2.1.3 Ensuring compliance The process will be designed to ensure compliance with both national regulatory requirements and international best practice. 7.2.1.4 Stakeholder mapping and analysis The stakeholders are all the interested parties in a project - the people who affect and influence the project, as well as those who will be influenced by it. Stakeholders can also include people at high levels “above� the day-to-day workings of a project without these stakeholders, there would be no projects to manage. They can also be people you may not be working with regularly, like members of the public, residents near the site of a construction project, and others. And of course, those who work closely on your project (key clients and liaisons, managers, and team members) are also considered stakeholders. Stakeholder mapping and analysis is critical when starting a project because it helps the project and program managers to quickly identify the key stakeholders in each area, as well as the types of input they require and what kind of communication they might need and when they need it. 7.2.2 Consultation and mapping The content of this RPF has been informed by an extensive consultative and participatory process that were carried out mainly at the inception of the project. This report therefore draws on information and insights gained from consultations with a wide variety of stakeholders as described in this report as well as in the stakeholder engagement report of this same study. Using information obtained from stakeholders and statistical abstracts. 7.3 Consultation Phases 77 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 7.3.1 Data Collecting Phase Consultations during preparation, in particular, the collection of background information, and the social survey or social assessment, are critical for successful data collection. The levels of consultation will vary from households to community groups, based on the particular context of the sub-project(s). The RAP team will design the questionnaires but it will be the households, organizations, and institutions that will validate their effectiveness through feedback. Focus group discussions with women, farmers’ associations, communities as well as primary and/or secondary schools and health centres are usually good sources for establishing the community baseline situation. 7.3.2 Implementation Phase During implementation, PAPs will be informed about their rights and options. The grievance mechanism will continue to operate and all grievances will be recorded. The participation of local leaders and PAPs in disseminating information and resolving disputes will be important once RAP implementation starts. A dynamic participatory approach involves PAPs in decision making about livelihood and community development programs. 7.3.3 Community Involvement and Sensitization The affected persons shall be engaged in active consultations at the beginning of the project and they shall have access to the Resettlement Action Plan and be encouraged to provide input. Consultations shall happen in local language where possible; women shall be consulted separately if that is more appropriate. The consultation process shall ensure sizeable participation of women, youth, migrants, and groups at risk of exclusion, and also ensure prior distribution of project information in a form that is accessible to community members, etc. Communities within the project areas will be sensitized on the project and likely project impacts and the extent of their involvement to ensure project success. Measures instituted to address negative project impacts will be well communicated to the community. The Ugandan law requirements on consultation and information, as well as those related with grievance management fall short of meeting WB requirements. The application of these will require: a) Meaningful information and consultation to take place before the process leading to displacement is launched in each particular location concerned by a subproject, b) A specific grievance registration and processing mechanism to be put in place. 7.3.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Phase PAPs representatives will participate in the sub-project workshops at mid-term and at the end of RAP implementation. To the extent possible, the RAP should include social accountability tools like citizen report cards to assess the quality of RAP implementation, and in some cases, assist the RAP team in tracking expenditures. The latter would be significant in helping PAPs with money management and restoring their livelihoods. PAPs will be able to suggest corrective measures, as needed, to improve RAP implementation in the sub-project(s). Prior to closing the RAP, PAPs will participate in a feedback survey as part of the RAP’s independent impact evaluation exercise. 7.3.5 Notification Procedure Affected persons will be notified through both formal (in writing) and informal (verbal) manner, for example at community meetings called by District Steering Committee. Public notices in the daily newspapers, radio or Television services will be conducted to notify the public of the intention to acquire land earmarked for subprojects. A copy of such notice shall be served to each 78 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF owner, occupier and person or agent having an interest in the land thereof. The names and addresses of the owners, occupiers and agents shall be readily ascertainable. The notice shall state: a) The Project’s proposal to acquire the land; b) The public purpose for which the land is wanted; c) That the proposal or plan may be inspected at MAAIF offices or the CAO’s office d) That any person affected may, by written notice, object to the transaction giving reasons for doing so, to the entities cited above within a period to be specified at the time of publication of the Notice; e) List the cut-off date detailing that in-migration after this date will not receive compensation. 7.3.6 Documentation The names and addresses of affected persons will be compiled and kept in a database including claims and assets. The developer MAAIF) will maintain records of these persons as well as the CAO. The records are also important especially for future monitoring activities. Documentation will include documents relevant to land transactions (voluntary and involuntary). 7.3.7 Contract Agreement A contract listing of all property and land/ farms being surrendered and the types of compensation (both cash and kind) will be prepared. The contracts will be presented at community meetings prior to signing. The handing over of property and compensation payments will be made in the presence of the affected persons and the Compensation Committee, and in public. 7.4 Preliminary Stakeholder Engagements To gather views on the potential benefits, design, scope, risks and mitigation measures for the proposed UCSAT Project, stakeholders from districts, sub-counties and some MDAs were consulted in the period between 6th January 2022 to 7th February 2022 and between 19th and 29th April 2022. The consultations were carried out as part of project preparation. The stakeholder engagements guided the preparation of UCSAT Project safeguards documents such as the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), Stakeholder Engagement Framework (SEF), Vulnerable and Marginalised Group Framework (VMGF) and Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP). Summary of key issues raised during consultations Table 7-1: Summary of Key Issues Raised Concerns Responses There are high expectations from the project in the Once the project preparation is completed communities in that, they look forward to some and approved by the Bank, MAAIF through employment opportunities in its various activities. project implementation framework will The project should provide information to the public avail information about project with respect to possible employment that are likely effectiveness to its stakeholders at the to be generated. community levels. Wherever there will be any employment opportunities in the project, information 79 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF about available jobs will be availed to the communities by pinning such in public places. The project will require those seeking jobs to have clearances/recommendations from their areas local leaders. Possible avenue for gaining on-job training and Some interventions such as agro- capacity building for those to be employed in the processing and irrigation will entail some project. Implicit desire of affected people and the technologies that will can be learnt by communities to develop new/existing skills needed those directly employed in such enterprises for employment or to support entrepreneurial and through that, there will be transfer of ambitions. However, skills development is part of the technology and skills. project interventions under its capacity building The project equally plans to undertake plans. capacity building on a number of themes relating to the project. Potential to serve as source of income for local Before locally available materials can be service providers who supply materials and other sourced in the project, the opportunity to basic goods required to the operations of the project. supply such should be given first to the It is clear they communities require support their locals where such materials and businesses by availing right and update information opportunities exist. on goods and services that will be required in the project. Ensuring that, capacities of the beneficiaries to The beneficiaries to be taken through in the manage the investments at the end of the project running and operations of the cycle are built so that they are able replicate and interventions and at the end of it, they be adopt to their conditions. given opportunities to operate them even at the end of the project. The project should start as soon as it is approved so The project effectiveness and timelines be that, the communities are saved from the problems availed to the beneficiary community and, of rampant droughts, floods and related weather it start be known to the stakeholders. challenges that have affected food production. The project will require extensive gender The PMU will come out with Gender sensitization through training of staff, community sensitization schedule and this process is to sensitization and awareness creation on gender using continue through out the phases of the gender sensitive language, gender sensitive and project. inclusive IEC material and radio talk shows. Need for The CDOs be coopted to deliver such adequate involvement of diverse stakeholders taking capacity building schedules. into gender and related vulnerabilities in the communities; ensuring that technologies to be promoted in the project should be easily adapted to the local settings; This will help get women to be part of the project for their meaningful engagement in the project interventions. Value chain improvements interventions must Among areas of capacity building for the incorporate measures and technologies for waste beneficiary will include aspects of waste management which use technologies like rec-cycling management in their value chains 80 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF etc. Outside most rice mills, there are heaps of straw interventions. Alternative technologies for which farmers are not able to effectively turn to sustainable use of waste will be explored usable products that can be used as fertilizers, and such will be transferred to the sources of cooking fuel amongst others. beneficiary groups for their applications. The livestock component has to come with Realities of interventions dealing biogas are technologies for Greenhouse gas management much expected by stakeholders and the especially biogas technologies and applications. project to come with simpler technologies on biogas. One of the challenges in farming is erratic weather, The project implementation framework how does the project ensure timely early warning involves UNMA and they are aware of this weather information reaches the grass-root farmers need and are planning how to timely give so that they are able to synchronize their cropping early warning messages to the farmers. schedule in line with the rains? The PCU/PMU needs to have two Specialists i.e. PMU/PCU and MAAIF to look into this Environment and Social Safeguards who will take proposal as part of on-going planning. charge of implementation of safeguards aspects in the projects. Issues of encroachment in swamps and wetlands by A holistic and participatory approach be in communities who grow rice growing hence, swamp place especially in matters of reclamation. The project should come with ecosystems/natural resources alternatives so that people can easily get of wetlands restorations. if this CSA project is to meaningfully support environment and natural resource management. The question is, why have communities continued to be engaged in wetland encroachment despite them knowing the benefits from wetlands in terms of their values and uses, this is what should be looked at in the project to be able to have tangible project interventions. Need for continued engagement with communities A holistic and participatory approach be in living near degraded and fragile ecosystems such as place especially in matters of wetlands and forests so that, the project has ecosystems/natural resources responsive interventions that can enable restorations. communities abandon engaging in livelihoods in such ecosystems. Issues of tree cutting by the communities for charcoal Working with other partners to address and firewood has degraded the environment, the issues of alternate energy needs with a need for the project to come clear with tangible focus on ecosystem and natural resources measures of tree planting and the women be on the restoration is key. forefront on this as well as the youth. How are schools being targeted as well as tertiary training institutions as well as academia? Need for adequate involvement of diverse A holistic and participatory approach be in stakeholders taking into gender and related place especially in matters of vulnerabilities in the communities; ensuring that ecosystems/natural resources restorations. 81 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF technologies to be promoted in the project should be easily adapted to the local settings. The project should support livelihood of small holder The livelihoods and value additions is key to farmers, they should create jobs for the farmers. project success. Most of the farmers are technicians in rice production. Ensure that the process of resettlement and Need for continued sensitization even after compensation is sufficiently participatory and project start. transparent. Before any project implementation is done, ensure Where land is donated for project that land tenure issues captured. Land availability for infrastructure, there should be clear project infrastructure is sometimes a sensitive issue documentation to that effect. where communities are unwilling to give up their land for the project. There should be a need for community engagement Still need for robust engagement on issues in crop production and specifically, Climate Smart of fast maturing crop varieties that can be Agriculture (CSA) with the communities in view of harvested within three months or so. unreliable rains for the crop. Enhancement of household livelihood initiatives PMU in its Project Implementation Manual under UCSATP; ensuring there is a clear and robust will have communication provisions. communication mechanism for managing grievances without reprimanding victims especially where there are instances of gender-based violence (GBV), sexual harassment (SH) and sexual exploitation (SE). Wider stakeholder perceptions on the possible usage IPM technologies be part of the capacity of safer pesticides especially in the event of pest and sensitization of the beneficiary invasions citing the current nationwide attacks by the communities. ravaging Armyworms. Insufficient water supply for farming purposes in that, The designs and operations of the project farmers rely on rain water for irrigation therefore, irrigation infrastructures ought to be in line irrigation technologies ought to be those which even with needs of the communities and the local communities can co-opt and operate. affordable. Lack of mechanization is affecting farming. People Use appropriate farming technologies need have problems of opening up land by hand and others to be put in place and user friendly than by oxen which oxen are not even available. There is only the traditional hand-hoe. urgent need for mechanization of agricultural operations so that agriculture is not seen as a burden but rather a venture that is enjoyable and profitable capable of attracting youth not when it has still its hand-hoe technology. ensuring that infrastructure constructed by UCSATP Designs for such infrastructures be done in especially the Labour-Intensive Public Works (LIPWs) an inclusive and responsive manner taking are well operated and maintained, reviewing project care of such needs. designs to ensure they include community needs including needs of the vulnerable. 82 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Interest groups and vulnerable categories ought to Special delivery modality could be adopted have their resources and involvement ring-fenced on how the project can be implemented in otherwise they are often left out during areas and with respect to special interest implementation. What is key, let there be clear groups areas. provisions for interventions meant for vulnerable groups in view of their uniqueness. In NUSAF 2 and 3 there was a special program and approach meant for Karamoja which should be the case under UCSATP otherwise these groups tend to miss out from programs where they are included in the overall project interventions. UCSATP in its PMU should amongst its staffing include Stakeholders needs the PCU to take this up. a VMG Specialist who is to ensure information regarding the project is accordingly packaged and delivered to and from VMGs for their effective and meaningful involvement in UCSATP. Improvement of information disclosure, more The communication arm of the project support to vulnerable persons and community needs to ensure its information sharing training on safety awareness. cascades to vulnerable and marginalized persons and communities. Land size and fertility are major constraints towards This is noted. The project will ensure that it agricultural yields and contributors to food insecurity engages Batwa communities on land use amongst the Batwa communities. practices and smarter ways of agricultural projection to mitigate the risk and challenge of food insecurity. There is need for adequate mobilization and MAAIF as the project proponent will use its sensitization about the project existing local government structures. PCUs, CSOs operating in VMGs to mobilize and sensitize the communities about the project. 83 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 7.5 Linking Resettlement Implementation to Civil Works PAPs will need to be compensated, in accordance with this Resettlement Policy Framework and subsequent Resettlement Action Plan, before works on the project can begin. For activities involving land acquisition or loss, denial or restriction to access of resources, it is required that provisions be made, for compensation and for other assistance required for relocation, prior to displacement. The assistance includes provision and preparation of resettlement sites with adequate facilities. In particular, land and related assets may be taken away only after compensation has been paid and resettlement sites and moving allowances have been provided to PAPs. For project activities requiring relocation or resulting in loss of shelter, the resettlement policy further requires that measures to assist the project affected persons are implemented in accordance with the individual RAPs. In the Implementation Schedule of each RAP, details on resettlement and compensation must be provided. The schedule for the implementation of activities, as agreed between the Project Planning team and PAPs must include: a. target dates for start and completion of civil works, b. timetables for transfers of completed civil works to PAPs, dates of possession of land that PAPs are using (this date must be after transfer date for completed civil works to PAPs and for payments of all compensation) and; c. the link between RAP activities to the implementation of the overall sub projects. When approving recommendations for resettlement during screening, PAPs must confirm that the resettlement plans contain acceptable measures that link resettlement activity to civil works, in compliance with this policy. Proper timing and coordination of the civil works shall ensure that no affected persons will be displaced economically and physically due to civil works activity, before compensation is paid and before any project activity can start. 7.5.1 Disclosure Arrangements for RPF and RAPs MAAIF shall disclose the RPF on its website, print media, public libraries and all institutions where the project activities will be implemented. All RAPs prepared guided by the RPF should also be similarly disclosed. RPF and any subsequent RAPs prepared for the project specific activities shall be cleared and be disclosed on World Bank’s external website before its implementation, as well as to PAPs and stakeholders in a manner and language understood by them. The project activities should ensure that attention is provided to the women, as well farmer groups headed by women when developing the LRP. Women play a vital role in agricultural programs and for this reason; livelihood restoration needs for women should be factored into the design.RPF and subsequent RAPs should be disclosed in local language in areas accessible to PAPs and in the project area. 84 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 8 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 8.1 Introduction and Purpose During the implementation of the project activities, it is likely that disputes/disagreements between the project implementers and the affected persons will occur especially in terms of boundaries, ownership of crops or land or use of land/properties, compensation values, delay in disbursement of the compensation packages to name a few. It will therefore be necessary to establish channels through which aggrieved people could file their complaints so as to ensure successful project development and implementation. The project will develop a robust grievance redress system from the community to national level According to World Bank ESS5 an independent grievance mechanism should be established for Project Affected Persons. It requires establishment of appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms to resolve disputes in connection with resettlement and compensation. 8.1.1 Aim of a GRM The grievance redress procedure aims at settling/redressing any grievance or complaint by the PAPs as promptly and fairly in a manner acceptable to all parties concerned. Grievances are useful indicators of a project performance therefore have to be treated with the due care they deserve. A high number of grievances may be an indicator of poor work practices. Likewise, a low number of grievances may not necessarily mean everything is working out smoothly. The following guiding principles shall be followed during grievance and complaint redressing; a. Resolve PAPs grievances and complaints in a straightforward and accessible manner; b. Identify and implement appropriate and mutually acceptable actions to redress complaints; c. Make sure complainants are satisfied with outcomes of the corrective actions; and d. Resort to judicial proceedings only if necessary. 8.1.2 Objectives of GRM The specific objectives of the GRM are: a) To provide project stakeholders with a clear mechanism of channeling grievances; b) To set up and make known to all stakeholders a clear, accessible, transparent and efficient system for receiving and resolving grievances; c) To record, categorize and prioritize the grievances; d) To provide an environment that fosters free and honest exchange of information and ideas in regard to resolving received grievances; e) To define clear roles and responsibilities of the various parties involved in managing grievances; f) To promptly resolve grievances in consultation with stakeholders within a specified timeframe; and g) To escalate unresolved grievances in line with MAAIF harmonized GRM procedure. 8.1.3 Sources of Grievances During the implementation of the project, there is a likelihood of disputes/disagreements arising between MAAIF and PAPs because of either construction or expropriation or resettlement 85 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF activities. Table 8-1 below highlights some of the likely grievances/disputes that could arise during the various phases of the implementation of the UCSAT project. Table 8-1: Examples of Grievances During Construction During expropriation Resettlement Disagreements • Damage to buildings and • Disputed compensation • Failure to get entitlements assets (land, crops and yet the place of occupancy is • Disruption or damage to immovable asset) taken or somehow indirectly local roads amounts affected • Closure of pathways • Disputed survey • Need to get into project • Damage to un expropriated measurements assisted resettlement when assets such as land, crops • Improper identification of it had not been applied for and trees property owners • Problems between resettlers • Failure to reinstate • Unregistered land users and residents in the new immovable assets after • Disputed compensation sites temporary use such as for tenants and occurs during establishment occupants of easements or property • Loss of income to traders rental due to loss of commercial • Disruption or damage to facilities or decrease in water sources and customers infrastructure • Misconduct of project • Misconduct of project personnel and workers personnel and workers • Non-payment of compensation money, • underpayment of compensation money, • over-valuation and undervaluation of same or similar property, • loss of livelihoods, • omission of the affected property, • return of title, • delayed payment, disputes of land ownership, • forgery of documents (e.g. Land titles, death certificate), obtaining money by false pretence, impersonation 8.2 Grievances Management Procedures and Committees The MAAIF team will establish a grievance redress mechanism from community to national level. The grievance redress procedures will have to provide opportunity for PAPs to settle their complaints and grievances amicably. The procedure to be adopted will allow PAPs not to lose time and resources from going through lengthy administrative and legal procedures. This may be set up through Local Authorities, including a Resettlement Committee and through community leaders. The grievance mechanisms should include the following: 86 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF • Provide an effective avenue for expressing concerns and achieving remedies for communities • Promote a mutually constructive relationship between the project and the community or PAPs. • Prevent and address community concerns 8.2.1 Grievances Management Committees (GMCs) MAAIF will establish Grievances Management Committees. This is a community-based arrangement that seeks to resolve grievances at the lowest level possible using existing or established structures. GMCs shall be composed of a minimum of 6 persons with; 3 PAP representatives with a gender balance, LC1 chairpersons (ex-officio) and 2 other community members elected by community members from among the elderly or opinion leaders, and or community based civil society leadership: a. The GMC should comprise of: An observer who is a CBO / CSO representative if available– b. Chairperson LC1 (but not to be elected as chairman of the GMC)– c. Project Affected Persons (at least 1 woman must be elected)– d. An opinion leader (e.g. elder, religious or clan leader) if available. e. From the PAPs members, an executive is elected composed of chairperson, secretary and mobiliser f. GMCs should be set up with the help of District and sub-county CDOs and LC1 leaders through community meetings with PAPs and general community members within the affected area Grievance Redress Procedure and Time Frame There is no ideal model or one�size�fits�all approach to grievance resolution. The best solutions to conflicts are generally achieved through localized mechanisms that take account of the specific issues, cultural context, local customs, and project conditions and scale. In its simplest form, a grievance mechanism can be broken down into the following primary components: a. Receive and register a complaint. b. Screen and validate the complaint. c. Formulate a response. d. Select a resolution approach, based on consultation with affected person/group. e. Implement the approach. f. Settle the issues. g. Track and evaluate results. Learn from the experience and communicate back to all parties involved Level 1: Local grievance redress committees (LGRC) will be initiated at the village level to record grievances and also help in mediation. This committee will comprise the LC I Chairperson, a trusted village elder, a religious representative, an elected PAP representative, representative of Farmer Group and specific vulnerable group representatives of relevance to the village i.e. women, youth and the disabled. Disputes will be resolved at the village level as far as possible. The project will prioritize use of existing Grievance Redress Structures/ Committees as opposed to forming new ones. In such cases, the project will be introduced to the existing GRCs and taken through the project specific GRM requirements. Level 2: The Grievance Redress Committee at the Sub County level 87 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF This will be established at sub county level to deal with grievances unsettled at the community or farmer groups level. It will comprise of approximately 5 members; 1. The Sub County Chief, Chairperson to the committee 2. The Community Development Officer, Secretary to the committee 3. Secretary for Production, as member 4. A representative of vulnerable groups (women etc.), as member 5. Agriculture extension officer, as member Level 3: District Level Grievance Redress Committee This will be established to deal with any grievances unsettled at the Farmer Group or Sub County levels. the GRC at the district will comprise of 7 members; 1. Chief Administrative Officer, shall be the Chairperson to the committee 2. District Community Development Officer, shall be the Secretary 3. Secretary for Production, as member 4. District Production and Marketing Officer, as member 5. District Project Focal Person, as member 6. District Environment Officer, as member 7. District Labour Officer, as member The PIU through the Social Development Specialist will technically guide the formation and selection of GRCs and continually build their capacities to receive and handle complaints first hand. The Social Development Specialist will be supported by the National Grievance Redress Committee that will be established to handle all referral complaints. The Chairperson of the Village GRC shall have responsibility to liaise with the Sub County Community Development Officer who shall coordinate the functioning of all farmer groups GRCs in the Sub County including documentation and reporting to the district Focal Person. The District Community Development Officer or as designated at the discretion of the CAO shall be the Technical Focal Officer for the GRM. The mechanism will utilize tools and devices such as Logbooks, Complaints Registration Form (ANNEX 12.2), E-GRM developed under Agriculture Cluster Development Project (ACDP), telephones, opinion/suggestion boxes, emails, letters, and walk-ins. The grievance mechanism implementation process is as follows for the project: a. The Local Grievance Redress Committee (LGRC) will interrogate the PAP/Complainant in the local language and complete a Grievance Form which will be signed by the leader of the LGRC and the PAP/complainant. This will then be lodged in the Grievance Log/Register provided by the Grievance focal Officer; b. The PAP should expect a response from the LGRC within seven days of filing the complaint. If the issue is not resolved, the LGRC will forward the complaint to the GRC at the Sub County, and accordingly inform the Complainant; c. The GRC at the Sub County will be given a fourteen-day notice to hold a meeting. Two days after the meeting, the Sub County GRC will call the PAP and LGRC for discussions, feedback and resolution. The resolution will be presented to the PAP in written form within the same day of the meeting. If there is no resolution to the grievance, the GRC at the Sub County and the PAP shall then refer the matter to the GRC at the District level; d. The GRC at the District will be given a fourteen-day notice to hold a meeting. Two days after the meeting, the GRC will call the PAP and LGRC for discussions and resolution. The resolution will be presented to the PAP in written form within the same day of the meeting; e. If there is no resolution to the grievance, the GRC at the district level and the PAP shall then refer the matter to the District Land Tribunal for land-related issues and to MAAIF head office for all other grievances; and 88 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Appeal to Court - The Ugandan laws allow any aggrieved person the right to access to Court of law. If the complainant still remains dissatisfied with the District Land Tribunal or MAAIF top management in Entebbe, the complainant has the option to pursue appropriate recourse via judicial process in Uganda. Courts of law will be a “last resort� option, in view of the above mechanism. The grievance committee comprises of different stakeholders in order to strengthen its credibility. This guarantees that mutual interests are served and disputes and contradictions are resolved. Project Affected Persons will have the option to choose a different representative or directly liaise with MAAIF-PCU staff, responsible for grievance redress. Vulnerable households will have the support of their individual community development worker and legal support. It is hoped that the grievance committee will settle with the aggrieved party. A decision will be taken within a specified period. In case of failure of the grievance redress system, the PAPs can submit their case to the appropriate court of law. The different categories and resolution mechanisms are highlighted in Table 8-2 below. The aggrieved person (PAP) will be encouraged to proceed with the grievance as outlined below. • Contact the Grievance Officer during periodical site visits in person or via designated telephone number or via the community leader. • Lodge complaint and provide information on the case. • Agree with the Grievance Officer on resolution of grievance. • Agree with the Grievance Officer on time limit for grievance resolution. • If grievance is resolved, sign form to acknowledge resolution of grievance. • If grievance is not resolved submit a grievance form to the Grievance Committee. Grievances have to be resolved within an agreed and specified period of time in a scheduled agreement. • Sign form to acknowledge that grievance has been resolved. • If not satisfied with above mentioned procedure, involve an appropriate third party and seek redress in court of law. Table 8-2: Categorization and Mechanism of Grievance Resolution Type of Grievance Mechanism of Resolution of Grievance 1 Project limits complainant’s Lodge grievance with Grievance Officer and seek resolution at access to land or resource. community level in presence of community leader. 2 Project activities have led to Lodge grievance with Grievance Officer and seek resolution at damage of personal property. community level in presence of community leader. If grievance is unresolved it will be submitted to Grievance Committee. 3 Project activities have led to Lodge grievance with Grievance Officer to be submitted to Grievance damage of social committee. infrastructure. 4 Project activities have led to Lodge grievance with Grievance Officer to be submitted to Grievance disruption of livelihood committee. activities. 5 Project has led to accidents. Lodge grievance with Grievance Officer and seek resolution at community level in presence of community leader. 6 Unfair compensation. Lodge grievance with Grievance Officer to be submitted to Grievance committee and subsequently to court of law of grievance is not resolved. 89 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF The Project Affected Persons will be informed of the existence of the grievance resolution mechanism during the consultation and RAP disclosure for their input and refinement. This will also enable them to fully understand their rights. The grievance mechanism will be perceived by the community as transparent and responsive to their customary ways of resolving problems. Participation of affected communities will help ensure greater trust and buy-in from them. It will also create a sense of shared ownership and responsibility for the outcomes. When grievances occur, the related institutions including village committees should keep records of grievances and make them available for inspection and verification, if required. The RAP implementation team will keep all records of grievances lodged. Estimates from the valuation exercises will be presented and justified by the respective valuers (MAAIF’s and the Complainant’s) in a Court of Law. On the one hand, the Chief Government Valuer will defend the initial value—on behalf of MAAIF and government, whilst on the other, the complainants’ valuer justifies their estimate. The Court will make a decision on the value to be compensated upon which MAAIF will make arrangements for further payment to the complainant. MAAIF will meet the costs of the Court activities under this project. If the complainant is not satisfied with the decision of the Court (initial will be a magistrate’s court), they can appeal to the High Court. The RAP Consultant will provide a summary of this due process to the RAP desks, so that this information can be passed on to the complainants at all times. The grievance resolution mechanism is outlined in Figure 2 below. 90 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Flow chart for grievance redress mechanism Registration of grievance by secretary of LGRC Closure of grievance by LGRC Is Closure of complaint Complainant Satisfied Refer to the Subcounty Resolution of committee Is Closure of complaint Complainant Satisfied Refer to the District committee 91 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 8.2.2 WOMEN’S ACCESS AND PARTICIPATION IN THE GRIEVANCE PROCESS All subprojects under the UCSAT project should ensure that women have fair representation on all its committees. Established forms of gender segregation and defined roles and responsibilities may affect women’s access to and use of a grievance mechanism. Women may also be inhibited or hindered from complaining about specific incidents (e.g., compensation, land ownership, harassment, inequality in getting employment). In some communities, women may have lower literacy rates than men and be less familiar with formal processes. The subprojects should ensure that consultation on design of the mechanism provides for inclusion and participation of women, and that its implementation facilitates women’s access. The RAPs therefore should ensure that the grievance mechanism committee to be established includes female staff who are aware of and sensitive to the role of women in local society and the issues they face. The project should train personnel in the handling of gender-sensitive issues, preferably the social development specialist for MAIF should have a training/knowledge in Gender based Violence. 8.2.3 The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS) 8.2.3.1 GRS Definition and Purpose The GRS is the World Bank’s easy way to provide PAPs and communities an avenue to bring their complaints directly to the attention of Bank Management. The project-level GRM will remain the primary tool to raise and address grievances in Bank-supported operations except issues that cannot be resolved at the project level. The GRS facilitates corporate review and resolution of grievances by screening and registering complaints and referring them to the responsible Task Teams/Managers. The GRS undertakes the follow functions within defined time frame: a. Receives complaints from stakeholders b. Evaluates and determines their eligibility and category c. Refers complaints to appropriate Task Teams/Managers d. Follows up with Task Teams to ensure complaints are resolved e. Refers PAPs to the Borrower or other parties where appropriate. 8.2.3.2 Submitting a Complaint to GRS Complaints may be submitted by one or more individuals, or their representatives, who believe they are adversely affected directly by an active (i.e. not closed) Bank-supported operation (IDA). A complaint may be submitted in the English or local language. Processing complaints not submitted in English will require additional processing time due to the need for translation. A complaint can be submitted to the Bank GRS through the following channels: a. By email: grievances@worldbank.org; b. By fax: +12026147313 c. By mail: The World Bank, Grievance Redress Service, MSN MC 10-1018, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA and/or d. Through the World Bank Uganda Country Office in Kampala The complaint must clearly state the adverse impact(s) allegedly caused or likely to be caused by the Bank supported operation. This should be supported by available documentation and correspondence where possible and appropriate. The complainant may also indicate the desired outcome of the complaint, i.e., how it may be resolved. The complaint should have the identity of complainants or assigned representative/s, and address contact details 92 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 9 MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN Monitoring and evaluation will be a continuous process and will include internal and external monitoring. The purpose of monitoring is to provide the donor agency MAAIF and relevant stakeholders with feedback on RAP implementation and to identify challenges and successes as early as possible to allow timely adjustment of implementation arrangements. Some of the areas relating to the effectiveness of RAP implementation, include the physical progress of resettlement and rehabilitation activities, new resettlement sites, the disbursement of compensation, the effectiveness of public consultation and participation activities, and the sustainability of livelihood and income restoration and development efforts among affected communities should be monitored and reported internally by MAAIF’s PIU and externally by qualified resettlement specialists, and integrated into the overall Project management process. As mentioned above, monitoring will be Internal and External and the purpose of the internal and external monitoring evaluation will be to verify that: a. All affected persons are involved in all the preparatory processes of the Resettlement action plan and that all affected properties and assets are captured in the Entitlement matrix and inventories and given appropriate budgets. b. Compensation is done on schedule and in accordance with the RPF c. All funds are spent on the line items for which they are budgeted for and affected persons are satisfied with the resettlement process. d. All grievances and complaints are channelled correctly and appropriately attended to. 9.1 Objectives and Scope Evaluation and monitoring are key components of the Resettlement Policy Framework. The monitoring plan will indicate parameters to be monitored, institute monitoring guidelines and provide resources including responsible persons or institutions, necessary to carry out the monitoring activities. Objectives include: a. Monitoring of specific situations or difficulties arising from the implementation and of the compliance of the implementation with objectives and methods as set out in this Resettlement Policy Framework; b. Evaluation of the mid- and long-term impacts of the Resettlement and Relocation Action Plan on affected households’ livelihood, environment, local capacities, on economic development and settlement. c. Through the monitoring and evaluation, MAAIF’s PIU department will establish a reporting system for the project RAP that will: d. Provide timely information to the project about all resettlement and compensation issues arising as a result of resettlement related activities; e. Identify any grievances, especially those that have not yet been resolved at the local level and which may require resolution at the higher levels; f. Document completion of project resettlement and compensation that are still pending, including for all permanent and temporary losses; and g. Evaluate whether all PAPs have been compensated in accordance with the requirements of this RPF and that PAPs have better living conditions and livelihoods. 93 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF The Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) mechanism provides a basis to assess overall success and effectiveness of various resettlement processes and measures. This mechanism is based on two components: a. Internal monitoring – undertaken by the Monitoring Officer within MAAIF; and b. External evaluations –undertaken by an external agency e.g. independent entity/consultant. 9.2 Internal Monitoring Process The overall objectives and tasks of the internal monitoring process are: a. Tracking progress of RAP implementation including number of PAPs compensated, relocated and assistance to vulnerable persons; b. How complaints and grievances are managed. c. Follow up on livelihood recovery or socio-economic status of individuals benefitting from the project activities against a pre-resettlement baseline; and d. Regularly respond to M&E findings by adapting existing measures or by modifying implementation processes. e. The monitoring process will be used to analyse progress and change at regular intervals and shall be linked to the various stages of the RAP, as follows: 9.2.1 Monitoring During Resettlement a. During resettlement, M&E should focus on resettlement issues such as: b. Number of families that have been moved; c. Number of people given possession and legal papers to new property (land or house); d. Impacts on livelihood and income; e. Registration of unemployed people. 9.2.2 Monitoring After Resettlement After the physical relocation is completed, monitoring shall focus on rehabilitation issues and status on each of the measures will be assessed, for example: a. Target date for completion (e.g. within two months of resettlement); b. Progress to date c. Progress in the last month d. Target for the month e. Reasons for delay, if any; and f. Action to be taken, including specific responsibilities of other members of implementation team. g. Socio-economic assessment to ensure minimal impacts – that the PAPs are not worse off than before the RAP process. 9.3 External Monitoring Process MAAIF under the PCU/PIU will engage an Independent Monitoring Unit (IMU) if necessary for purposes of external monitoring and evaluating implementation of compensation and resettlement activities. In establishing the unit, effort will be made to draw on personnel with resettlement and social development experience in Uganda. The External Monitor must have past experience in conducting external resettlement monitoring for donor-funded projects, preferably, linier projects. The IMU shall be appointed to monitor the resettlement and compensation process and implementation of requirements to verify that compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation have been implemented in accordance with this RPF and the 94 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF agreed subproject RAPs. Sample terms of reference for the independent monitor have been provided in Box 1 below. Box 1: Sample Terms of Reference for External Monitoring Agency MAAIF /PIU will seek an independent monitoring entity for the Resettlement Action Plan of the proposed Project on IDCRP. The appointed entity will be required to undertake roles below and submit semi-annual information to MAAIF about RAP progress. a) Scope of Work: The external monitoring agency will have the following responsibilities: • Monitor RAP timelines and how they match planned implementation schedule. • Monitor RAP activities, disbursement of compensation payments, and provide assessment of compliance of RAP actions with requirements of funding agency. • Conduct surveys among resettled PAPs to assess their satisfaction with RAP implementation. • Act as independent observer at consultative meetings and grievance resolution sessions. b) Specific actions The monitor will: • Undertake post RAP evaluation to assess success of overall resettlement activities. • Review the socio-economic baseline and census database to confirm its accuracy and validity. • Identify and select impact indicators for monitoring impacts including ones that might be gender-specific. c) Implementation Arrangements Over the engagement period, the monitor shall report directly to MAAIF’s/PIU Project Coordinator and the unit safeguards team. d) Reporting Detailed work plan for the assignment comprised in a comprehensive inception report that shows grasp of monitoring requirements. Monitoring report every 6 months. e) Requisite qualifications The External Monitor must have past experience in conducting external resettlement monitoring for donor-funded projects, preferably, linier projects or projects within low income communities. The monitor should have demonstrated competency in Uganda and World Bank safeguard policies. The IMU will also be responsible during monitoring be involved in the complaints and grievance procedures to ensure concerns raised by PAPs are addressed. In addition, the independent evaluation will determine: • If all sub-projects have been screened for Environmental and Social Risks • If the right safeguards instrument has been prepared for sub-project that trigger involuntary resettlement • If compensation payments have been completed in a satisfactory manner; • If there are improvements in livelihoods and well-being of PAPs • If PAPs livelihood and well-being have improved, and have not worsened as a result of the sub-project Several indicators will be used to measure these impacts. These include, among others, 95 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF • Comparison of income levels of PAPs before-and-after the RPF and or RAP implementation; • Comparison of income levels of households/individuals/ farmers benefitting from the Project; • Livelihoods and employment assistance offered under the project and other accessible alternative incomes; • Number of grievances and their status, time and quality of resolution; • Number of vulnerable people/groups identified and assisted and impact of resettlement assistance provided on them; • Number of demolitions if any after giving notice if any, and • Number of PAPs paid in a given period in comparison with what was planned. Furthermore, other outcome indicators that assess the effectiveness of the resettlement and changes occurred to the communities’ standard of living will be assessed using a monitoring form. Key indicators are given in Table 9-1 below. Table 9-1: Outcome Indicators Category Indicator Change in housing size/no of rooms Change in housing quality Assets Change in house ownership Change in number/access/size of outbuildings Change in access to distant land plots/ homestead land Change in number of people employed Employment Change in the number of ‘vulnerable’ people unemployed Change in the stability of income (e.g. from full-time to part time employment) Change in the average income per person, per household Income Change in source of income Change in expenditure/ time spent on travel (to work, healthcare, markets, extracurricular activities, cultural sites, kindergarten) Expenditure Change in expenditure on healthcare, kindergarten, household goods, livestock produce) Changes in access to entertainment/ community facilities Change in access to/ quality of healthcare, education, kindergarten, markets, Infrastructure transportation Availability of extracurricular activities at school Health Change in frequency/ type of health problems, frequency of accessing healthcare Education Change in no of children attending kindergarten/ boarding school Community Change in type/ frequency of interactions Networks Change in support received within the community 9.4 Supervision by the DONOR AGENCY The Implementation Support missions will specifically focus on reviewing the quality of ESMF and RPF implementation, finding solutions to implementation problems, assessing the likelihood of achieving the project Development Objective, review with the PIUs the action plan and disbursement programs for the next six months; verify compliance of project activities with the Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies; and review monthly and quarterly reporting. 96 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF The World Bank’s safeguards team will every six months carry out missions to the project sites to identify compliance and ensure that all the WB standards including ESS5 are followed. 9.5 Completion audit The World Bank Environmental and Social Standard ESS5 states that upon completion of a project, the project proponent oversees an assessment to determine whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved. Evaluation is intended at checking whether policies have been complied with and providing lessons learnt for amending strategies and implementation in a longer-term perspective. The completion audit will allow the project to verify that all resettlement/compensation related measures identified in the RPF and any RAP developed for that purpose were implemented or otherwise, and that compensation programmes have been completed in compliance with ESS5. The audit will also evaluate and ensure that the actions prescribed in the RPF and any RAP and implemented had the desired effect. The Project may engage a local consultant to carry out the completion audit. The completion audit is to be undertaken after implementation of the RPF and or RAP or when required to ascertain reported infractions in the RAP implementation process. 9.5.1 Evaluation and RAP Completion Report This report will be prepared and submitted to the funding agency six months after the completion of compensation. During RAP implementation the consultant will submit to MAAIF quarterly progress reports, after completion of resettlement, a final report will be submitted to MAAIF prior to preparation of the project implementation report. The report shall indicate effectiveness of project implementation and disbursement of compensation payments, effectiveness of public consultations and socio-economic impact of the transmission line. This report will give overall assessment of the RAP process indicating activities undertaken, success of mitigation actions, monitoring and lessons learnt. The RAP Implementation Report shall include but not be limited to the following information: � Background to the RAP preparation including a description of the project activities, scope of impacts, number of affected persons and estimated budget; � Update of its implementation with actual numbers of displaced persons by segments, compensation paid, issues/ complaints raised and solutions provided; � Complaints status; � Early assessment of the impacts of resettlement and compensation on affected categories at the time of report production; � Total sum disbursed; � Lessons learned from the RAP Implementation; and � Annexes (Lists of affected persons, List of persons compensated, Maps, and infrastructure drawings, etc.) 9.6 Responsibility of the Authorities 97 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF The role of the implementing authorities is critical in the operationalization of the Resettlement Policy Framework. The following are important points to observe: � Ensure that there is trust between the PAPs and the authorities throughout the process by being transparent in every action and sharing information. � Being realistic with time frames and sequencing of related activities; � When registration will be completed; � When assessment will be completed; � When computation of entitlements will be carried out; � When payments will be made by whom and where; and � When the acquired land will be vacated and when the contractor will move on site; Adhering to the agreed and publicized timetable of delivery of compensation is critical. This calls for a deliberate effort to ensure; � Funds for compensation are ready set aside and accessible when payment commences; and � The location for resettlements is demarcated and available without encumbrances for those who opt to be relocated. 9.7 Indicators to Determine Status of Affected People These indicators are most important with respect to the RPF policy on resettlement and compensation. They will be informed by the baseline survey and will provide the council and the World Bank data and trends for refocusing the project and for improving delivery as a whole. The following will be considered: a. Number of affected persons by types of losses b. Status of resettlement with timelines whether met or outstanding c. Affected individuals, households, and communities are able to maintain their pre-project d. Standard of living, and even improve on it; and e. The local communities remain supportive of the project. Specific indicators may include the following, which would indicate a change in: a. Quality of, and access to services, number of people employed; b. Number of people engaged in income-generating activities; c. Number of vulnerable people; d. Sources of income; e. Expenditure pattern. 9.8 Indicators to Measure RAP Performance In terms of the resettlement process, the following indicators could be used to understand the success of the measures identified and the working of the relevant parties in implementation the RAP: a. Compensation; b. Percentage of individuals selecting cash or a combination of cash and in-kind; c. The number of contentious cases as a percentage of the total cases; d. The number of grievances and time and quality of resolution; e. The ability of individuals and families to re-establish their pre-displacement activities; f. Number of impacted locals employed; g. General relations between the project and the local communities. These will be determined through the following activities: 98 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF a. Each individual will have a compensation dossier recording his or her initial situation, all subsequent project use of assets/improvements, and compensation agreed upon and received; b. The PIU will maintain a complete database on every individual impacted by the subproject land use requirements including c. Questionnaire data will be entered into a database for comparative analysis coordinated by the PIU; d. Relocation/resettlement and compensation, land impacts or damages; and the PCT should prepare Resettlement Completion Reports for each RAP, in addition to other regular monitoring reports. 9.9 Reporting and Documentation Safeguards updates will be part of the overall project reports. Separate safeguard report will be provided on request by the World Bank and for other relevant discussions. The report will at least cover status of compensation disbursement, nature of complaints, redress actions and follow-ups Other information and documentation will include; � All disclosed safeguards Instruments � Minutes of all consultation and disclosure meetings and workshops (including pictures where feasible) � Sub-project Environmental and Social screening reports/forms � RAP/ Compensation Reports � New safeguards issue not anticipated during preparation � Site Meetings, any meeting that discusses key project issues � Changes in decisions regarding safeguards related matters � Grievance records � Safeguards field visit reports etc… � 10 ORGANISATIONAL FRAMEWORK 10.1 Institutional Framework for the Implementation of the UCSAT Project The UCSAT Project will be implemented under a two-tier arrangement i.e. the national and sub national levels. At the national level, MAAIF will be the Lead Implementation Agency in the implementation as spelt out below. MAAIF will form the Project Coordination Unit (with technical support staff). At the lower level or local government level, the project will be implemented through the District Production Officer, Labour Officer, District Community Development Officer, District Environmental Officer or and District Natural Resources Officer together with subcounty extension and community development officers. In addition, community-based facilitators will be recruited to support subcounty implementation. The overall coordination and supervision of the project at the district level shall be handled by the Chief Administrative Officers (CAO) who will also be in charge as the accounting officer. At the subcounty level, the project will utilize the existing structures. A Sub-County Technical Planning Committee will be chaired by the Sub-County Chief. The committee will review and consolidate the 99 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF work plan and budgets for micro-projects submitted by the farmer Organizations. The Sub-County Technical Planning Committee will support and guide the planning and priority setting process for farmer Organizations. One Extension Officer and/or Community Development Officer/ Assistant shall be assigned as Focal Point person to support and coordinate management of E&S. 10.1.1 Roles and responsibilities of key players The key stakeholders involved in carrying out resettlement and/or compensation under the UCSAT project include; the Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), Ministry of Finance Plannig and Economic Development, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (the regulatory lead agency for property valuation, compensation and land rights registration and transfer), the districts local governments with particular reference to Agriculture. Other institutions, such as the District Lands Office and the District Valuation Office, will participate in the RAP implementation as cross-cutting units between the key institutions. Table below specifies who will be responsible in preparation, implementation and monitor the RAP and the GRM and how the different groups will report. Table 10-1: Summary of institutional Roles and Responsibilities in Resettlement Activities Institutions Mandates Potential Roles and Responsibilities The Ministry of The Ministry implements agricultural The roles of MAAIF will include; Agriculture Animal programs, protects farming interests, • RAP Implementation, Industry and Fisheries encourages investment in the • Ensuring the carrying out of social (MAAIF) agricultural sector, and monitors surveys and related assessments, overall activities including the • Ensuring participation of other movement of agricultural stakeholders such as PAPs, DLGs, commodities into and out of the and NGOs country. • Overseeing the implementation process and ensuring compensation MAAIF to take on responsibility for and rehabilitation Mechanisms are day-to-day management of the implemented adequately. project. Among other staff, the • Monitoring and evaluation of PCU/PIU will be constituted by affected projects Environmental Specialist, Social • Monitoring contractor compliance Specialist, Financial Management with recommendations of RAP and Specialist and Procurement ESMPs, Management Specialist. MAAIF will • MAAIF will also be responsible in undertake overall technical handling community grievances coordination and implementation of related to resettlement, the project, coordinating the National compensation as well as other social level MDAs and the participating issues from communities and District Local Governments. construction workers. Ministry of Finance MoFPED’s role is to help the project in • It will be responsible for Planning and Economic informing the GoU on the key project timely disbursing of the Development (MoFPED) deliverables. They will also help in compensation funds to the linking the right department that will respective commercial banks. help in the evaluation of properties In the case that PAPs own with resettlement needs arise. commercial bank accounts, 100 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF MoFPED representing the borrower the money will be transferred shall be responsible for ensuring that directly to individual bank implementing agencies effectively accounts but if PAPs. implement the project working closely with the World Bank. Ministry of Local The Ministry of Local Government is • Supervising and carrying out Government-(MoLG) involved in sensitization campaigns at environmental and social studies the local level and also advocates for that lead to design of the RAP/ESMP local governments and the rural for projects, population to benefit from the • Carrying out routine monitoring project. MAAIF will work closely with activities during implantation the Ministry of Local Government to forge strong linkages with local authorities in the various Local Governments within the project areas. National Environmental NEMA retains its mandatory role of • Managing ESIA process making Management Authority- coordination, supervision and • Decisions and ensuring that (NEMA) monitoring environmental issues. As management occurs in occurance for the implementation of the ESIA with decision making process, NEMA’s role will involve • Reviewing reports including ESIAs, coordinating the review of the ESIAs CESMP of the planned interventions with • Follow up monitoring report relevant line agencies. NEMA will also assist in enforcing compliance with World Bank Environmental and Social Standards and monitor the implementation of the ESMPs. NEMA will also support the project District Local Councils- District Local Councils are responsible • Project Identification, supervision, (DLC) for local policy matters, economic monitoring and evaluation. development, resolving local conflicts • Participation and sensitization of and providing orderly leadership. PAPs, • Local officers to ensure that proper resettlement, compensation and grievance management are undertaken, • Addressing issues related to gender and children during RAP implementation • Local governments will also be important in managing and monitoring social impact assessment framework through site visits or resolving complaints from affected communities. Local Councils I-III Ascertaining ownership, community • Help in community mobilization and mobilization and sensitization and ensuring law and order in villages providing guidance for the through local defence units, which compensation process to PAPs should be useful for ensuring security during project implementation, including compensation 101 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 10.1.2 The organizational framework to implement the resettlement elements of the project is proposed as follows: 1. MAAIF through the PCU/PIU should manage the whole resettlement process. The team including the survey and valuation department at the Ministry shall provide technical support on compensation issues. These departments and others to be involved in the resettlement implementation should be assisted to prepare and carry out their respective tasks; 2. Resettlement desks be established and equipped within the MAAIF shall be staffed with a community Liaison Officer who will work with the community leaders and PAPs; 3. For compensation the Chief Government Valuer (CGV) should provide support to the Project Coordination Unit both directly, and through the MAAIF valuer. The CGV approves the valuation rates; 4. MAAIF RAP Implementation Consultant will provide on-going technical support to MAAIF throughout the resettlement and grievance redress processes. The Consultant shall also document this process in detail to guide future evaluation; 5. All implementing agencies in this framework should propose an individual to a Resettlement Steering Team which will monitor the resettlement, ensuring that goals are met and provide advice to enable more efficient and effective implementation; Other agencies which will be involved in the programme at a secondary level are; 1. District Land Office: The Registrar of Titles shall be central to the validation of title owners; 2. National Environment Management Authority: For overall approval, review and supervision of Environmental Impact mitigation activities; and 3. District Land Committee To clarify on lands under its jurisdiction and advise on compensation of persons sitting on land under its jurisdiction. 4. Local Council Leaders to work together with RAP implementation team during the verification, disclosure and compensation payment period. 10.1.3 Organisational Responsibility The organizational structure elaborates on the roles of various stakeholders in the implementation and administration of the RAP. It further clarifies the roles of PAPs and their responsibility in the entire exercise. 102 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF MAAIF Related Government Departments like Resettlement Unit Lands, etc., Tribunals, LCs Monitoring Team PAP Committee PAPs Figure 10-1: Organizational Responsibility 10.1.3.1 MAAIF – Resettlement Unit The structure of the unit shall be as follows: Legal Advisor, Surveyor, project Engineer, Social Development Specialist, RAP Specialist, Environment Officer, Community Liaison Officer, Database Officer, and Registered Valuer. MAAIF Resettlement Unit will be responsible for: i. Oversee the implementation of the RAP ii. Oversee the formation of the PAP committee (PC) iii. Ensure maximum participation of the affected people in the planning of their own resettlement and post resettlement circumstances. iv. Accept financial responsibility for paying payment or compensation and other designated resettlement related costs. v. Ensure detailed valuation of the structures in order to determine the case-to-case value of each component of the project and agree upon a value for compensation. vi. Pay the people compensation to amounts agreed. 103 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF vii. Ensure monitoring and evaluation of the PAPs and the undertaking of appropriate remedial action to deal with grievances to ensure that income restoration procedures are satisfactorily implemented. viii. Ensure initial baseline data is collected for the purpose of monitoring and evaluation report as per the indicators provided by the RAP. 10.1.3.2 PAP Committee (PC) Under the guidance and coordination of MAAIF, the PC will be formed after the formation of the MAAIF Resettlement Unit which will act as a voice of the PAPs. The committee shall comprise of following: two PAP representatives, LC representative, District Valuer, District Surveyor, District Land Adjudication and Settlement Officer and District Community Development Officer and Sub- County/Parish Community Development Officers. The PC will be concerned with the following; i. Public Awareness: - includes extensive consultation with the affected people so that they can air their concerns, interests and grievances. ii. Compensation. Involves ratifying compensation rates and serves as dispute resolution body to negotiate and solve any problem that may arise relating to resettlement process. If it is unable to resolve any such problems, will channel them through the appropriate grievance procedures laid out in this RAP. 10.1.3.3 Related Local Government Departments i. Guide the compensation exercise by providing valuation approved valuation rates ii. Participate in the grievances that may arise iii. Provide the legal guidance and participate in grievance mechanism in case the PC fails. 10.1.3.4 Setting up of Resettlement Management Teams It is important to point out that the number of likely persons to be affected by UCSAT Project may be small, but should the situation warrant, resettlement management teams commensurate with the extent of the impact will be set up to implement the prepared RAPs and will consist of three smaller teams namely: Compensation Committee – The committee will comprise of representatives of the affected persons (2), Land Valuation Board, LC III and two representatives from the MAAIF. This committee will be chaired by the representative of MAAIF. The compensation committee will be responsible for organizing and ensuring that compensations payable to PAPs are made in line with the provisions and procedures of this RPF. Grievance Redress Committee - The GRC will be responsible for receiving and logging complaints and resolving disputes. This committee will work with the MAAIF (PCU) to resolve each grievance or dispute to ensure that redress actions are implemented. If affected persons are not satisfied with the grievance redress structures, they will be entitled to seek redress through the Ugandan courts of law. It is important that the GRC be set up as soon as the compensation report or resettlement plan preparations start. Disputes can arise from census operations and it is therefore essential that the mediation mechanisms be available to cater for claim, disputes and grievances at an early stage. 104 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Monitoring and Evaluation Team - The M&E team will be responsible for the monitoring of the RAP implementation programme to ensure that stated targets are met and the PAPs are duly compensated in line with the RAP requirements. This is an integral part of the monitoring process of the project. This team will be comprised of MAAIF PUCs. The two PUCs will be reporting to the Overall Steering Committee. 10.1.3.5 Capacity Building, Training and Technical Assistance Capacity Building is important in order to ensure that target groups and stakeholders who play a role in implementing the RAP are provided with the appropriate and continuous Environmental and Social Safeguards capacity development. Training programs will be carried out to improve capacity. Capacity enhancement required to ensure effective implementation of this RPF and management of any subsequent RAPs the following recommendations are made: A) Training in Overseeing RAP Planning, Preparation and Managing Implementation Relevant personnel in MAAIF offices will be required continuous training to hone their skills in the capabilities outlined below: ✓ RAP planning, ✓ RAP preparation ✓ Managing implementation of RAPs ✓ Difference between RAP and Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans ✓ Stakeholder engagement training on mobilization of resettlement related activities ✓ Knowledge of land acquisition and resettlement ✓ Handling grievances and grievance redress ✓ Trainings gender-based violence ✓ Trainings in handling sexual harassment Training courses on a) Management of Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation, b) WB Environmental and Social Framework is recommended as a basic start for MAAIF and the supporting district- level staff. b) Training in Vulnerability Assessment and Management During Resettlement The safeguard team under MAAIF and Liaison Officers appointed from the respective districts should be trained in identifying and management of vulnerable persons during resettlement. These people often require special assistance when affected by the developments during implementations. Training should entail identifying categories of vulnerabilities as suggested by World Bank/IFC. C) Trainings in Social Safeguards With support from the WB, the client will be required to undertake trainings for MAIIF and district staff on the WB ESF (particularly on ESS5, ESS10) as well as GoU laws relation to resettlement, land acquisition and overall social aspects. The training should impart skills based on requirements of Ugandan laws and regulations and Donor’s standards, the one on resettlement. These include; ✓ Resettlement & Land Acquisition ✓ World Bank Environmental and Social Standards 105 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF ✓ Social Impact Assessment ✓ Livelihood Restoration Programs and plans ✓ Community Consultation/Participatory Planning ✓ Child protection ✓ Gender Based Violence ✓ Sexual harassment The specific personnel to be trained include and not limited to: ✓ Social Development specialists ✓ Sociologists ✓ Community Development officers ✓ Environmental officers ✓ Municipal officers ✓ Land officers at District and Municipal level 106 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 11 RPF BUDGET AND FUNDING At this stage, it is not possible to estimate the exact number of people who may be affected since the technical designs/details have not yet been developed and land needs have not yet been identified. When the exact locations are known, and after the conclusion of the site-specific socio- economic study, information on specific impacts, individual and household incomes and numbers of affected people and other demographic data will be available, thus facilitating the preparation of a detailed and accurate budgets for each RAP. MAAIF will manage and monitor the resettlement budget and will finance this budget through the administrative and financial management rules and manuals as for any other activity eligible for payment under the project. At this stage, all that can be reasonably and meaningfully prepared is an indicative budget, highlighting key features that the budget must contain. The cost will be derived from expenditures relating to: • The preparation of the resettlement/compensation action plan, including the cost of consultation and outreach; • Relocation and transfer; • Income and means of livelihood restoration plan; • Administrative costs; and • Estimated contingency needs. 11.1 Estimates and Funding Sources This section presents the budget estimates for implementation of the Resettlement Action Plans (RAP). Government of Uganda will provide the funding for the RAPs and channel it through MAAIF for disbursement This is in keeping with the current government of Uganda practice in regard to World Bank funding. However, detailed budgets will be developed during the preparation of the sub project Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs). 11.2 RPF Budget The budget, implementation timing and responsibilities are presented in Table below. Table 11-1: Proposed RAP Budget S.N Component Timing Responsibility Amount (USD) 1 Development and implementation of Before project MAAIF 250,000 Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) for different implementation geographical regions of Uganda 2 Capacity building: Before and MAAIF 40,000 Recruitment of Environmental and Social during project Safeguards Specialists and Consultants implementation Training District Technical Officers and in World Bank’s Social and Environmental Safeguards requirements and EIA process in Uganda. Training MAAIF Social and Environmental Focal Persons in World Bank’s Social and Environmental Safeguards requirements and EIA process in Uganda. 107 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF d) Training of sector Ministries, Departments and Agencies as well as refugee settlement focal persons and sub project host community leaders and technical leaders on the World Bank and national environmental and social requirements. 3 Monitoring RAP implementation process to ensure Monitoring to be MAAIF, Local 35,000 all compensation is completed and other social done every Governments safeguards are adhered to. quarter and GRCs throughout the project implementation period. 4 Carrying out community Engagements During project MAAIF, Local 20,000 implementation Governments, contractor 5 Facilitation of stakeholder engagement (one During project MAAIF 45,000 meeting every Quarter, throughout the project implementation implementation period) 6 RAP Audit After project MAAIF 100,000 Implementation 7 Grievance Redress Process During project MAAIF and 35,000 implementation GRCs 8 Costs of Livelihood Restoration Programs During project MAAIF 100,000 implementation 9 Assistance of vulnerable groups During project MAAIF 80,000 implementation Total (USD) 705,000 11.3 Disclosure This RPF will be disclosed in compliance with relevant Ugandan regulations and The Donor Agency standards. After Donor Agency has reviewed and approved the RPF as part of the overall proposed project for funding, the implementing agencies coordinated by MAAIF shall share the final RPF with all other relevant Stakeholders, Local Governments and Institutions; Subsequent RAPs developed will also be cleared by the funder and disclosed in-country for all interested person (including in local languages when necessary) to read and know the detail. 11.4 Source of Funds The budget for the RPF will be internalized into project costs. However, the budget for resettlement activities including compensation cost for affected assets will be developed from the specific social assessment studies and census during the preparation of the RAP and will be funded by GoU. 108 12 PREPARATION OF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLANS As soon as the list (sub-projects) is approved by the responsible agency implementing the program, a consultative and participatory process for preparing a RAP will be started, as follows: a. A socio-economic survey will be completed to determine scope and nature of resettlement impacts. b. The socio-economic study will be carried out to collect data in the selected sub-project sites. c. The socio-economic assessment will focus on the potential affected communities, including some demographic data, description of the area, livelihoods, the local participation process, and establishing baseline information on livelihoods and income, landholding, etc. The District planning committee with the help from key stakeholders will prepare the ToRs for the RAP subject to approval by the Project Manager at MAAIF. The procurement of the consultant to complete the RAP will also be the responsibility of the MAAIF. The following guidelines are used when a RAP is developed. 12.1 Consultation and Participatory Approaches A participatory approach is adopted to initiate the compensation process. The consultations must start during the planning stages when the technical designs are being developed, and at the land selection/screening stage. The process therefore seeks the involvement of PAPs throughout the census for identifying eligible PAPs and throughout the RAP preparation process. 12.2 Disclosure and Notification All eligible PAPs will be informed about the Project and the RAP process. A cut-off date is established as part of determining PAPs eligibility. It is established by the borrower and acceptable to the Donor Agency. In special cases where there are no clearly identifiable owners or users of the land or asset, the RAP team must notify the respective local authorities and leaders. A “triangulation� of information – affected persons; community leaders and representatives; and an independent agent (e.g. local organization or NGO; other government agency; land valuer) – may help to identify eligible PAPs. The RAP must notify PAPs about the established cut-off date and its significance. PAPs must be notified both in writing and by verbal notification delivered in the presence of all the relevant stakeholders. 12.3 Documentation and Verification of Land and other Assets The government authorities at both national and local levels; community elders and leaders; representatives from the MAAIF will arrange meetings with PAPs to discuss the compensation and valuation process. For each individual or household affected by the sub-project, the RAP preparation team will complete a Compensation Report containing necessary personal information on the PAPs and their household members; their total land holdings; inventory of assets affected; and demographic and socio-economic information for monitoring of impacts. This information will be documented in a Report, and ideally should be “witnessed� by an independent or locally acceptable body (e.g. Resettlement Committee). The Reports will be regularly updated and monitored. 12.4 Compensation and Valuation All types of compensation will be clearly explained to the individual and households involved. These refer especially to the basis for valuing the land and other assets. Once such valuation is established, MAAIF will produce a Contract or Agreement that lists all property and assets being Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF acquired by the sub-project and the types of compensation selected. All compensation should occur in the presence of the affected persons and the community local leaders. 110 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 13 ANNEXES 13.1 ANNEX 1: World Bank Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) This template is extracted from the ESS5—Annex 1: Involuntary Resettlement Instruments The purpose of the resettlement framework is to clarify resettlement principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied to sub-projects or project components to be prepared during project implementation. Once the sub-project or individual project components are defined and the necessary information becomes available, such a framework will be expanded into a specific plan proportionate to potential risks and impacts. Project activities that will cause physical and/or economic displacement will not commence until such specific plans have been finalized and approved by the Bank. The Resettlement Policy Framework covers the following elements: a. A brief description of the project and components for which impacts on assets is required, and an explanation of why a resettlement policy framework rather than a resettlement plan is being prepared; b. Principles and objectives governing resettlement preparation and implementation; c. A description of the process for preparing and approving resettlement plans; d. Estimated displacement impacts and estimated numbers and categories of displaced persons, to the extent feasible; e. Eligibility criteria for defining various categories of displaced persons; f. A legal framework reviewing the fit between borrower laws and regulations and bank policy requirements and measures proposed to bridge any gaps between them; g. Methods of valuing affected assets; h. Organizational procedures for delivery of compensation and other resettlement assistance, including, for projects involving private sector intermediaries, the responsibilities of the financial intermediary, the government, and the private developer; i. A description of the implementation process, linking resettlement implementation to civil works; j. A description of grievance redress mechanisms; k. A description of the arrangements for funding resettlement, including the preparation and review of cost estimates, the flow of funds, and contingency arrangements; (l) a description of mechanisms for consultations with, and participation of, displaced persons in planning, implementation, and monitoring; and l. Arrangements for monitoring by the implementing agency and, if required, by third-party monitors. 111 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 13.2 ANNEX 2: Minutes for Stakeholder Engagements The virtual meetings were employed to gather views from stake holders. The Consultant sent advance information to the stakeholder emphasizing the objective of the meeting(s), brief on the project and issues that were to share in the meeting. A summary of the proceedings from the Meetings is herein attached. Below are summaries of the discussions from the virtual meetings. Meeting with the Equal Opportunities Commission. DATE 29th April 2022 START 12:00noon MEETING END 01:00pm MINUTES BY Mr. Nelson Omagor Venue of meeting A virtual Meeting by Mr. Nelson Omagor, Environmental and Social Safeguards Consultant and Ms. Josephine Apajo (Tel. 076285770), Senior Compliance Officer, Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC). Subject of the Stakeholder consultations on the planned Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Meeting Transformation Project with specific reference to involvement of the Equal Opportunities Commission. The Meeting focused on the following aspects which had earlier been communicated to Ms. Josephine. These were: • How does the mandate of EOC link with that of the Agriculture sector? i.e. how does EOC inform the sectoral role of agriculture? • What are some of the societal disparities in communities in their involvement in agriculture? • What factors drive societies disparities (differences in levels of gainful involvement and benefits in agriculture)? • Have there been any efforts to address such concerns? What were/are some of the successes then? • How is EOC involved in climate change adaptations drives in the country? • In what areas can EOC effectively inform the planned UCSATP project? The Consultant introduced the Project and outlined its objectives, planned activities as well as coverage and of the refugees amongst the vulnerable people. The project is called Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project and MAAIF and that, services of JBN Consults and Planners Ltd had been retained for these services in keeping the World Bank requirements during project preparations. He added the project is answer to dwindling agricultural production occasioned largely by erratic climatic changes. As part of the project preparation process, its required that some of the key environmental and social safeguards documents need to be prepared and these include; ESMF, SEF and VMGF which is why the meeting now to provide input to these processes. How does the mandate of EOC link with that of the agriculture sector? i.e. how does EOC inform the sectoral role of agriculture? Equal Opportunities Commission is responsible for promoting Equal Opportunities, Affirmative Action, Gender and Equity with the overarching objective of eliminating marginalization and discrimination among the vulnerable Women and Girls; based on the strategic principles and shared 112 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF aspirations of “leaving no one behind� under the global agenda 2030 with the 17 Sustainable development goals (SDGs). The mandate of Equal Opportunities Commission was further strengthened with the enactment of the PFMA 2015, which placed Gender and Equity Budgeting at the center of public finance management in Uganda. The PFMA has specific provisions on Gender and Equity in Sections 9 (1), (6,( a), (b) and 13 (15) (g) (i) and (ii), which require all Ministries Departments and Agencies ( MDAs) and Local Governments to address gender and equity issues in their Budget Framework Papers (BFPs) and Ministerial Policy Statements (MPS) by specifying measures to address existing inequalities and propose interventions and allocate budgets to address the different needs of women and men, Persons With Disabilities, Older Persons, Youth, and other marginalized groups. MDAs and LGs that do not comply are denied the Certificate of Gender and Equity hence non- approval of their budgets by Budget Committee of Parliament and the Laws compels 20% penalty (deductions) from the current budget Therefore, the Mandate of EOC in agriculture sector is: • Promote, Monitor and evaluate equal opportunities, affirmative action, gender and equity concerns in the agriculture sector affecting the most vulnerable women, men, youth, persons with disabilities among others; • Review agriculture sector laws, policies, plans and projects for compliance with equal opportunities, affirmative action, gender and equity targeting the most vulnerable communities; • Audit agriculture programmes and projects for compliance to equal opportunities, gender and equity; and • Conduct training and capacity building of duty bearers in equal opportunities, gender and equity for MDAs and Local Governments. What are some of the societal disparities in communities in their involvement in agriculture? • In Uganda most communities have preferred staple food – this informs the type of food varieties planted and consumed within the communities • Level of income • Ethnicity and agriculture • Terrain (location) and agriculture • Access to financing for agriculture • Access to technology – some parts of this country use cows, ox-plough, hand hoes etc. • Cultural constraints to access to land by women and youth for agriculture • Cultural constraints on marketing for agricultural produce by women and youth including children. What factors drive societies disparities (differences in levels of gainful involvement and benefits in agriculture)? • Cultural norms, and practices • Land tenure system and hoe men, women and youth benefit from land • Access to financing • Structural inequalities • Poor mindset • Lack of information on available opportunities. Have there been any efforts to address such concerns? What were/are some of the successes then? • Tribunal –court to address concerns of marginalization and discrimination especially project affected persons 113 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF • Conducted sensitization and promotional activities on promotion of agricultural among the youth • EOC has conducted audits and surveys on the level access, participation and benefit in terms of agriculture • Produced gender and equity guidelines to guide the implementation climate change • EOC has a GEMIS system to generate all climate change related activities committed by the country over the years How is EOC involved in climate change adaptations drives in the country? • Develop gender and equity godliness/compacts/handbooks for mitigation of climate change • Review MDA workplans and budgets to assess how much resources have been allocated to climate change • Follow-up with the MDAs on their commitments on climate change In what areas can EOC effectively inform the planned UCSATP project? • EOC to define the term vulnerable persons and provide the list of the most vulnerable persons target could be targeted under the project • Inform the training and capacity building plan; focusing on gender and equity responsive planning and budgeting targeting both the project managers and the beneficiaries • Review the project goals, outcomes, objectives, outputs and interventions for sensitivity to gender and equity concerns • Review and provide guidance on how to engender the proposed outcome indicators and output indicators, data collection of gender and equity responsive data and dissemination of gender and equity responsive data • Develop gender and equity guidelines for inclusion of the most vulnerable in the project planning and implementation • Provide free legal services for the most vulnerable – in case of discrimination/marginalization • Provide input in the project activities 114 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Meeting with the UNHCR. DATE 26th April 2022 START 09:30 am MEETING END 10:45 am MINUTES BY Mr. Nelson Omagor Venue of meeting A virtual Meeting by Mr. Nelson Omagor, Environmental and Social Safeguards Consultant and Mr. Okwii David, Programme Officer, United Nations High Commission for Refugees-UNHCR (0700818816). Subject of the Stakeholder consultations on the planned Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Meeting Transformation Project with specific reference to involvement of the vulnerable refugee communities who are amongst the Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups. Background The Consultant introduced the Project and outlined its objectives, planned activities as well as coverage and of the refugees amongst the vulnerable people. The project is called Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project and MAAIF and that, services of JBN Consults and Planners Ltd had been retained for these services in keeping the World Bank requirements during project preparations. He added the project is answer to dwindling agricultural production occasioned largely by erratic climatic changes. As part of the project preparation process, its required that some of the key environmental and social safeguards documents need to be prepared and these include; ESMF, SEF and VMGF which is why the meeting now to provide input to these processes. Overview on the proposed project • In Uganda Agriculture is mainly dependent on rain therefore the climate shocks will continue to have significant direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity and incomes so there is need to build resilience to climatic shocks; • The Consultant asked Mr. Okwii livelihood status amongst refugees; issues of climate change and refugee livelihoods and how in his opinion are refugees contributing to climate change; • What could be likely response scenarios to be pursued to ensure sustainability of interventions in the refugees set ups; and • What could be areas of interventions the project could have with respect to refugee areas. Submission by Mr. David Okwii. In the discussion Mr. David Okwii submitted that: • Uganda is currently hosting the largest number of refugees in the region with over 1.45 million refugees and asylum seekers, primarily from South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Burundi. Recently arrived refugees have joined Rwandese, Somali, and other refugees that have lived in Uganda for decades. Due to the large number of refugees, the range of countries of origin, and the varying lengths of displacement, there are key information gaps on how access to or lack of housing, land, and property (HLP) for refugees impact their sustainable livelihoods; • The influx of refugees has exacerbated a range of environmental impacts and associated challenges, including land degradation and woodland loss, resulting in inadequate access to energy for cooking and competition with local people for water and other natural resources. This has meant that, refugee settlement areas have been prone to environment degradation a situation that merits urgent attention; • The majority of refugee households engage in agriculture-based livelihoods, usually subsistence farming. A small proportion of refugee households have other income (for 115 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF example, cash transfers, brewing, selling wood fuel, tailoring, teaching, transporting items, selling cooking oil, blacksmithing, selling dried fish or casual work in local food outlets); • Much as GoU allocates a piece of land to refugees, the land allocation is done on family basis and even when a family size grows, the size of the land allocated remains 30x50m implying that, with time cultivation opportunities greatly reduce and both at intra and inter households’ conflicts begin to grow due to competing needs for the small land area; • Of great concern, the United Nations World Food Program (WFP) has reported that starting April 2022, it reduced its food ration allocation to refugees in Uganda to 40% due to increasing funding shortages. WFP provides the refugees with monthly relief assistance in the form of in-kind food or cash to meet their basic food needs. The level of assistance depends on funding availability. Households in refugee settlements are therefore projected to face deeper food crisis if no interventions are put in place to address this crisis; • Areas hosting refugees are also prone to climatic shocks unfortunately, the refugees have limited coping mechanisms because their options are limited in terms of land and other resources; and • Due to the pandemic, Uganda's refugee population has been affected in various sectors, including employment, food security, and mental health. The unemployment rate for the refugee population rose from 44% in March 2020 to 68% by March 2022. • What can work and how can UCSATP be implemented in refugee communities in view of the status: • The project should formulate interventions that match the set-up of refugees bearing in mind, they have limited land which limits their options that could fit into the UCSATP. For instance, tree planting cannot be feasible for them because of land scarcity and related fragility dynamics; • A very clear and deliberate mechanism be used to identify refugee groups or individuals to participate in the project because of a couple of limitations namely; • Not all refugees are keen on agriculture, many like positioning themselves around new programs only to pick and pocket hand-out, they are not interested in long-term interventions; and • Agriculture especially the back-yard done on plots in the settlements is mainly by women and a few elderly and energetic men as such, the project should mainly target that category. • Adopting a multilevel humanitarian response for improved climate resilience as done already by ACTED which has helped farmers. One of their interventions involves training vulnerable populations on better farming practices, which will enable them to acquire good agricultural skills for improved vegetable growing and to protect their assets, while ensuring productivity and livelihoods can resist the stresses and shocks induced by climate change; • Supporting rural financing by using village network models such as registered groups inside refugee settlements, Community Agricultural Extension Workers (CAEWs) and Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLA) that help their members practicing income generating activities that have a bearing of income generation and livelihoods at household levels which is through agriculture; • Identifying and working with agencies which are driving interventions focused on addressing impacts of droughts and floods, building resilience to climate change induced shocks and stresses, improving livelihoods amongst vulnerable communities in refugee settlements. For instance, in Bidibidi, there is a similar program code-named Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters (BRACED) consortium by ACTED. The program focuses on building the capacity and skills of the agro- pastoralist communities to implement climate smart practices, diversify their livelihoods, and anticipate, absorb and adapt shocks and stresses at personal, household and community 116 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF levels. Through these activities, the ultimate purpose is to enable communities to identify hazards, mitigate risks and establish disaster information sharing and improve their own coping strategies. Reaction from JBN Consults The Consultant informed Mr. David Okwii that, these ideas are quite informative and would very much inform the final preparation of the UCSATP with respect to its focus and how best it can be implemented in refugee areas. Meeting with the NEMA. DATE 26th April 2022 START 02:30 pm MEETING END 03:15 pm MINUTES BY Mr. Nelson Omagor Venue of meeting A virtual Meeting by Mr. Nelson Omagor, Environmental and Social Safeguards Consultant and Mr. Arnold Waiswa, Director Environment Monitoring and Compliance, 26th April 2022 (0772471139). Subject of the Stakeholder consultations on the planned Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Meeting Transformation Project with specific reference to role of NEMA in the project. The Meeting focused on the following aspects Background The Consultant introduced the Project and outlined its objectives, planned activities as well as coverage and of beneficiary areas. The project is called Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project and MAAIF and that, services of JBN Consults and Planners Ltd had been retained for these services in keeping the World Bank requirements during project preparations. He added the project is answer to dwindling agricultural production occasioned largely by erratic climatic changes. As part of the project preparation process, its required that some of the key environmental and social safeguards documents need to be prepared and these include; ESMF, SEF and VMGF which is why the meeting now to provide input to these processes. Overview on the proposed project • In Uganda Agriculture is mainly dependent on rain therefore the climate shocks will continue to have significant direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity and incomes so there is need to build resilience to climatic shocks; and • The Consultant sought clarifications from NEMA on how the Agency could be involved to support it with regard to environmental and social compliance. How can such compliance measures be sustained? Submission by Mr. Arnold Waiswa. In the discussion Mr. Arnold Waiswa submitted that: • In the Project, NEMA will play its mandatory role with the regard to coordinating, monitoring, regulating and supervising environmental aspects in development projects in the country; • The Agency will be key with respect to ensuring appropriate levels of environmental assessments are conducted depending of the levels environmental risks envisaged in the projects; 117 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF • NEMA will be key in monitoring environmental compliance of the sub-projects under UCSATP as such all process of conducting Environmental Assessments have to be done in line with the laws and guidelines which makes easier for them to come on board as per the Conditions in Certificates of Approvals for the subprojects. • However, this project has a component on natural resources restoration etc. This is not going to be an easy task due to a number of different actors with a stake on environment. He cited a case where for instance, much as wetlands are for example, wetlands are held in trust by Central Government or local Government for the common good of the people of Uganda, recent examples of wetland abuse have included cases where Local Authorities have been the very violators of these constitutional and legal provisions. Where this has happened, local authorities have indicated that they converted wetlands for the sake of providing their communities with economic growth opportunities and for fighting poverty. It is therefore a dilemma that the very institutions entrusted with the protection of wetlands have in some cases not assisted the crusade for their conservation. In his submission, he cautioned that, restoration of degraded ecosystems should be undertaken a coordinated and wholistic manner with such plans developed participatorily and involving well keyed out stakeholders such as; farmers, pastoralists, women, men and youth on top of community, district and national leaderships otherwise such interventions can end up brewing conflict and utmost failure of the project; • In addition to the above, there has also been a problem of wetland filling during holidays and awkward hours when those dumping probably have full knowledge that enforcement staff are not on duty. It remains an uphill task to prosecute these cases, and the affected wetlands can hardly recover their original state even if the culprits are required to restore them; • Over the recent years, there appears to be increasing cases of activities being implemented in wetlands in the name of fighting against poverty. While some of these activities are out-rightly not compatible with wetland conservation nor wise use goals, their promoters have vigorously defended them as intended to assist in the fight against poverty. Activities such as brick making in wetlands which are done for economic gains have tended to give no regard at all to conservation nor restoration of the affected wetlands. It is probable that this attitude stems from the old perception that wetlands in their natural state are wasted land; • The issue of alternative livelihood sources especially for those cultivating in fragile ecosystems especially wetlands if not well addressed will make restoration of natural resources a hurdle. In addition, even aspects of use of wood fuel as source of energy leaves communities in a dilemma with respect to alternatives; and • It is noticeable that, farmers in most parts of the country face increasing problems of crop pests. While generally puzzled about its precise causes, many when you interact with them connect this to an overall changing climate and an increase in extreme weather events in the country, including prolonged droughts as well as heavy rainfall and flooding. Though they grapple with effort to use agro-chemicals, this has its own challenges in terms of handling, application and disposal of unused or packaging materials. The question is, does UCSATP have measures of ensuring safe handling and application of pesticides? Apart from pesticides, does the project have measures for promotion of organic fertilizers? What can work and how UCSATP can be implemented in regard to above concerns raised: • The Agency is available to collaborate with the Project with regard to all is processes of environmental and social safeguards compliance. They are available to support timely delivery of environmental assessments approvals and any applicable environmental clearances as well as supervision of project activities in the field; • NEMA is of opinion that, the Project works closely with District Environment Officers in the respective beneficiary districts because the officers are well placed to conduct field observations during implementation of sub-projects and the DEOs prepare monthly 118 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF environmental reports to NEMA on how sustainability aspects in the district are being done and general compliance of projects in their districts; • The discussion fronted the idea of clear institutional framework with respect to restoration of degraded wetlands needs to provide for involvement of users of wetlands who should clearly know what has been agreed upon, their expected involvement and any conditions to be observed when accessing wetlands. This is key if not, there will be continued degradation of wetlands; • The roles of community leaders need to be clarified and they made to know they are the first line of protection of wetlands in the communities and should be able to support government efforts to save wetlands; • Training farmers of IPM will go a long way to careful use and application of agro-chemicals as well as appropriate irrigation technologies is vital in improving water availability in crop production drives at household levels. Reaction from JBN Consults The Consultant informed Mr. Arnold Waiswa, these ideas are quite informative and would very much inform the final preparation of the UCSATP with respect to its focus and how best it can be implemented in refugee areas. Meeting with UNMA DATE 27th April 2022 START 02:30 pm MEETING END 03:00 pm MINUTES BY Mr. Nelson Omagor Mode of Meeting Virtual Meeting by with Mr. James Bataze, Principal Uganda National Meteorological Authority-UNMA (0782103950/0704726166). Subject of the Stakeholder consultations on the planned Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Meeting Transformation Project with specific reference to role of Uganda National Meteorological Authority-UNMA in the project. The Meeting focused on the following aspects: • what are some of the key climatic or weather challenges Ugandan farmers are exposed today? • How have such challenges impacted on agriculture at national and household levels? • Does agriculture itself have a contribution to climate change and if so in what ways? • How do you think such challenges can be addressed by the stakeholders (government, communities and the farmers)? • What role does UNMA play in supporting agricultural production? • How can UNMA ensure its support to farming is meaningful or that, local farmers can access and utilize services of UNMA in the project. What are some of the key climatic or weather challenges our farmers are exposed to today? • Farmers are faced with the following weather and climate challenges: • Prolonged dry spells which affect the crop phonological stages such as germination, weeding, flowering, fruiting, ripening and harvesting of crops; • Drought conditions which lasts from 1-3 months greatly affects agriculture production; • Extremely high rainfall affects the farmers as it leads to low yields, water logging which causes water logging of the gardens and this makes the cultivation of crops to be difficult; 119 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF • Flooding which leads to massive loss of crops and animals as a result of the farmlands being flooded and so transport becomes difficult to move produce as wetlands are impassable; • Limited access to weather and climate information by the farmers; • Low awareness creation and sensitization about the importance of using weather and climate information. • Pests and disease are some of the challenges which affect farmers as their crops are attacked and destroyed which leads to losses resulting into food insecurity and famine. • Animal diseases which affect farmer’s herds, this happens when there is an outbreak of diseases. • Climate change and variability which has led to increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, pests and diseases. Climate variability has resulted into the changes in the mean state of the atmosphere leading to global warming. This has resulted into the shifting of the rainfall seasons and hence rainfall becoming unreliable which affects the farmers’ activities. How have such challenges impacted on agriculture at national and household levels? The challenges mentioned above are the main drivers of food insecurity and poverty at national and household levels. Households have problems of food security with poor incomes. Does agriculture itself have a contribution to climate change and if so in what ways? Yes Agriculture contributes to climate change in the following ways: • Through livestock production where the ruminants emit methane which is a Greenhouse gas (GHG) which leads to depletion of ozone layers thus warming of the atmosphere. • Through use of chemical fertilizers which emits GHGs of the Chloro-hydrocarbons into the atmosphere. • Through clearing Land for agriculture which leads to bush burning and cutting down of forests which emit GHGs in the atmosphere. • Through paddy rice growing in the wetlands which emit Nitrous Oxide as a GHG into the atmosphere. How do you think such challenges can be addressed by the stakeholders (government, communities and the farmers)? The challenges can be solved using the following means: • Collective collaborations and partnerships between government and other stakeholders. • Increasing funding for UNMA in order to address the challenges of educating the communities. • Strengthening stakeholders’ engagements amongst the key players. • Establishing weather and climate frameworks to the challenges. What role does UNMA play in supporting agricultural production? UNMA is the sole provider of weather and climate services for the Agriculture and different sectors of the economy. UNMA provides early warning information and advisories for planning and decision making for the farmers and other users. How can UNMA ensure its support to farming is meaningful or that, local farmers can access and utilize services of UNMA in the project. • Strengthen the dissemination of weather and climate information to all users and districts of Uganda. • Carry out sensitization and awareness creation on the importance of weather and climate information. • Increase the accuracy and number of Agro-meteorological weather tailored products for the farmers. • Build the capacity of the district extension staff in the interpretation of weather forecasts to the farmers. • Provide more funding to UNMA handle these activities 120 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Meeting with MoGLSD DATE 28th April 2022 START 08:30 am MEETING END 09:00 am MINUTES BY Mr. Nelson Omagor Mode of Meeting Virtual Meeting with Mr. James Ebitu, Director Social Protection; Directorate of Social Protection in the Ministry of Gender, Labour & Social Development (0772517531). Subject of the Stakeholder consultations on the planned Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Meeting Transformation Project with specific reference to role of Ministry of Gender, Labor and Social Development-MoGLSD. The Meeting focused on the following aspects: • What is the link between MoGLSD and MAAIF with respect to gender in particular and social sector at large; • How key is gender in agriculture sector in Uganda? • To what extent does climate change generally impact on gender in Uganda? • Does gender on its part have impact on climate change? • How does climate change impact on agriculture with respect to gender? • How can gender be effectively mainstreamed to UCSATP? Submission and Discussions on the above What is the link between MoGLSD and MAAIF with respect to gender in particular and social sector at large? • In a way, the Social Development Sector by mandate as enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda has the role to empower communities to harness their potential through skills development, labour productivity and cultural growth for sustainable and gender responsive development. It therefore means, the Sector works with MAAIF to see to it those involved in agriculture are supported to facilitate their productivity and development of skills for better agricultural production. In addition, works with MAAIF to ensure the agricultural sector is gender responsive in terms of policies, laws, programs, projects and activities; and • Multiple instruments also exist to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment in the agriculture sector. Most powerfully, the 2015 Public Finance Management Act obliges all ministries (including MAAIF), to prepare gender and equity responsive budget framework papers as a basis for sector-specific ministerial policy statements. Moreover, the act provides that the MoFPED, in consultation with the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC), issue a Gender and Equity Certificate specifying that the national budget framework paper is gender and equity responsive. These show that, MoGLSD has therefore placed due instruments that are geared to ensuring effective mainstreaming of gender into the agricultural sector for its meaningful and effective involvement in agricultural production and sustainable development. How key is gender in agriculture sector in Uganda? • Women play a vital role in Uganda's rural agricultural sector and contribute a higher than average share of crop labour in the region. They also make up more than half of Uganda's 121 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF agricultural workforce, and a higher proportion of women than men work in farming 76% versus 62%; • However, at the rural level, women’s rights to ownership of land tends to rest on their relationships with men as wives, mothers, sisters or daughters. It is estimated that, much as about 79% of agricultural households own land, a meager 20% is solely managed by women and where land is jointly owned by a husband and wife, most decisions are made by the husband. Whereas land is key in production, decision on access, use and ownership are outside women meaning, women are limited in long-term planning in production. This is one of the key challenges with respect to women involvement in the sector activities; • Gender differences exist in crops cultivated at household levels. Women prefer more to cultivate crops for household self-consumption such as roots, bean, ground nuts and millet. On the other hand, men cultivate and manage more crops for market such as bananas, maize, coffee and tea; • Women farmers have little input in marketing; it is the husband who typically makes the marketing decisions and collects the profits. In many cases money from crop sale is managed and controlled by mainly the husbands as well as decisions on how such monies is to be used in the family, nor is the decision on how it is spent. Such control is at times enforced through violence; and • In most areas, one tends to find women working more in fragile lands such as wetland edges, roadsides, hill slopes prone to landslides, degraded and eroded soils. This is occasioned by the factor of land ownership. To what extent does climate change generally impact on gender with respect to agriculture in Uganda? • Women in Uganda are less likely to have knowledge and experience with climate-related hazards to agricultural productivity; • Women being major providers of at household feel more the brunt of climate change than men because in case of storms, they lose crop harvests and food supply at household is a challenge, flooded gardens, delayed rains meaning, late cropping and late harvests hence households have a problem of famine; • Men can be more concerned about livestock production challenges because of scarcity of grass, water and disease outbreaks. On the other hand, women get bothered with outbreaks of pests and diseases on crops; • The inadequate sensitization, information, knowledge and skills on CSA technologies and practices is typical amongst the women and men alike in rural settings. The low receptivity to CSA information could also be linked to weak financial capacity among many farmers coupled with a history of dependence on external assistance (donors and government) in form of handouts especially amongst the vulnerable communities such as refugees etc.; • Other limitations include inadequate access to land and limited decision-making power to adopt any CSA practices on household land, both of which apply to both men and women also keeps gender vulnerable to vagaries of climate change; and • Other challenges posed by climate change on gender include recurrent droughts, the customary land tenure system (i.e. limited private ownership and therefore low incentive to invest in expensive technologies and practices); high fragmentation of land for subsistence farming; and deeply entrenched traditional farming practices such as open grazing and nomadic pastoralism all impact on gender dimension in agriculture and adoption of CSA practices. How does climate change impact on agriculture with respect to gender? • Women’s shortage of cash income makes them less able to use the improved agricultural technologies that some men are able to use including tools and equipment; improved seeds; 122 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF and chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. Thus, social norms and values limit the technological choices available to women, contributing to lower agricultural productivity. This extends to such climate-smart agricultural practices as conservation agriculture that sustains soil conservation, crop variety selection, drought-resistant and high yielding crops; manuring; rainwater harvesting; and agroforestry, which helps sustain soil structure, composition and biodiversity; • Equally clearly, addressing these constraints could increase the productivity of women’s plots of land. Such an increase in turn would help alleviate broader societal concerns about Ugandan standards of living and children’s health. The constraints on women are time, poverty, lack of cash income, shortage of independently controlled assets and lack of access to climate-smart agricultural practices and services. How can gender be effectively mainstreamed to UCSATP? • In a number of aspects, a number of farmers (both women and men) sometimes knowing or unknowingly already practice aspects of climate-smart agriculture in terms of intercropping maize and beans, planting more drought-tolerant crops, using faster-maturing seeds, manuring and tree planting. However, lack of technical knowledge limits the effectiveness of these steps. For example, integrated agroforestry practices would reduce the time required for women to collect firewood, improve water sources and increase soil fertility; • A gender-responsive approach to CSA would involve, among others, will involve a gender analysis of the needs and priorities of male and female farmers, an identification of barriers to CSA adoption, followed by the development of strategies to address the barriers identified and the monitoring of short, medium and long-term benefits during CSA application; • Women may benefit from agricultural production at different stages of the value chain than men. A comprehensive gender-responsive value chain analysis is needed to determine where women most benefit. Such analysis can help design projects that generate benefits for both men and women by enhancing their access to markets; • The investment in climate-smart technologies such as improved seeds requires timely and reliable access to good quality seed in the vicinity of farmers. Farmers are also encouraged to invest in climate-smart technologies and practices when they have an assurance of markets with good prices for their produce that will enable them to make returns on their investments; and • Interventions that seek to actively challenge gender and power inequalities that constrain women’s access to, ownership of, or control of productive assets such as land, labour and technology should be undertaken. 123 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Meeting with the CSOs working with the Batwa. DATE 20th April 2022 START 10:00 am MEETING END 10:45 am MINUTES BY Mr. Nelson Omagor Venue of meeting A virtual Meeting by Mr. Nelson Omagor, Environmental and Social Safeguards Consultant and Ms. Penninah Zaninka Coordinator CSOs working with Batwa (0772660810). Subject of the Stakeholder consultations on the planned Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Meeting Transformation Project with specific reference to involvement of the Batwa who are Vulnerable and Marginalized Group. The Meeting focused on the following aspects: Agenda: Self-Introductions Introduction of the project; its objectives, activities and beneficiaries as well as focus on Batwa involvement Submission by Thomas addressing agricultural challenges amongst the Ik with climate challenges and how they expect the project to be implemented with respect to Batwa and vulnerable people. Closure of the Meeting. Self-Introductions Self-introductions by the meeting and the subject of the Meeting was shared. The Consultant introduced the Project and outlined its objectives, planned activities as well as coverage of the Batwa people amongst the vulnerable people. The project is called Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project and MAAIF and that, services of JBN Consults and Planners Ltd had been retained for these services in keeping the World Bank requirements during project preparations. He added the project is answer to dwindling agricultural production occasioned largely by erratic climatic changes. As part of the project preparation process, its required that some of the key environmental and social safeguards documents need to be prepared and these include; ESMF, SEF and VMGF which is why the meeting now to provide input to these processes. Overview on the proposed project � In Uganda Agriculture is mainly dependent on rain therefore the climate shocks will continue to have significant direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity and incomes so there is need to build resilience to climatic shocks; � The consultant informed Ms. Penninah how the project will support investments in technologies and market driven productivity in climate smart value chains which will contribute to reversing of climate change hence increase in agriculture productivity and household incomes; and � Some of the project components are promoting adoption of climate smart agriculture practices and value chains, strengthening climate smart agricultural research and seeds systems, strengthening agro-climatic monitoring and information systems and project coordination management, monitoring and evaluation and learning. 124 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Submission by Ms. Penniah on addressing agriculture production challenges amongst the Batwa Communities with a focus on climate change risks and how they would expect the project to be implemented with respect to Ik and vulnerable people. In the discussion Ms. Penninah submitted that: � Land size and fertility are major constraints towards agricultural yields and contributors to food insecurity amongst the Batwa communities. It is also compounded by poorer fertility of Batwa cultivation plots compared with how the cultivation plots of other communities in neighbouring districts in Kanungu are. This is all part of well-known historical injustices where the Batwa were pushed out of their productive lands for the sake of conservation; � Due to land scarcity, Batwa households do practice over-cultivation, that depreciates their land fertility thereby depriving of them of good yields and food insecurity. � Sometimes the Batwa communities do have good food harvests and good food access in terms of both quantity and quality and these happens during times of good rains and supply of good seed supply and absence of extreme weather events (e.g. drought, hailstorms), pests and crop raiding by wildlife from nearby national parks; � Extreme weather events in both the dry and rainy seasons are some of the most frequent hazards in Batwa areas. During the dry season, many food crops dry up and the people have poor harvest and limited food items to eat. Some years, people plant millet it can rain heavily and all the seeds get washed by the storms; � Droughts are perceived to be particularly difficult as they impact both food and water security: “We are affected by drought [a month or longer], like once a year. Dry seasons don’t only affect the crops but also our water sources dry up, yet most of the work and activities we do at home all rely on using water� (…..reported by Penninah Zannika pers.com.,); � Awareness of potential coping strategies is key and the Batwa should be given tailormade programs addressing; crop rotation, inter-cropping, crop diversification, tree planting, cash crops growing such as tea and coffee, animal husbandry, support towards bee-keeping, provision of agricultural inputs to support improved yields, post-harvest technologies and long- term planning can be potential strategies to address improved crop production in the communities of the Batwa; � However, lack of land to a very big extent restrict implementation of food production coping mechanisms. For example, different harvesting cycles of vegetables and legumes can provide food year-round if timed appropriately, but small plots cannot support such a diversity of crops. Sometimes communities are not able to produce adequate crop yields, they can grow food crops and after harvesting, they can survive on them for about a month and they get finished. They can never grow crops that can last for over a year whereas non-Indigenous neighboring (Bakiga) population are able to plant both staple and cash crops (coffee, tea), which lead to food security and improved cash wealth. The Batwa equally want to grow such crops and be wealthy but the question of land is a problem; � By and large, amongst the Batwa members, there is a feeling that, they are systematically excluded from the political processes in Uganda due to systemic and structural barriers. For instance, many of them don’t have national identification cards and this makes it hard for them to access Government programs because those without national Identity cards are not recognized as Ugandan citizens. A number of them lack access to quality education in private schools because of school fees; � To address the challenges of climate change, Uganda implemented an adaptation agenda through a number of policy measures including the National Adaptation Plan and periodic National Development Plans. However, from the discussions, it emerged that, the Batwa we’re not included meaningfully in the decision-making processes of these plans. This means that the interventions that target them are poorly designed and implemented; 125 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF � Amongst the communities of the Batwa, rainwater harvesting investments in the form of household roof tanks or community tanks only work for Batwa who live in permanent houses who are just a handful as such, that intervention in terms of climate mitigation is not realistic to the Batwa but there are resources by Government and development partners meant to relieve water scarcity through such but they get excluded. Worse, they are by large, mostly landless who live in temporary houses and won’t benefit at all; � In one area in where there they are settled, they on relatively barren, steep slopes. Here they were expected to live and do farming and how can they participate in meaningful and rewarding agriculture? In another cases, they are provided interventions in terms of high yielding crop seeds to their households but a number of them do not even have any farmland. What can work and how UCSATP can be implemented should be: � It is vital that, the Project has a tailor-made approach which is responsive to the needs and set up of the Batwa. Some sections of the Batwa communities do not have national identity cards and if have the identity cards is a compliance requirement to access project financing or otherwise, such groups will miss out; � To Penninah, it would also be worthwhile to draw on best practices and lessons from similar cases where similar types of interventions have worked amongst marginalized and vulnerable communities such as Batwa rather than to simply fit these groups into a program, that may not work well. A case of the world’s first national indigenous climate platform in Peru which is reported to have some success stories and such stories could as well inform UCSATP program. Through such stories, impetus is to prioritize these groups and to even strengthen the role of VMG in mitigating and adapting to climate change could get well informed; � Based on her experience, climate adaptation responses must pay more and specific attention to the issues of recognition, participation and deliberate processes geared towards creating and building sustainability in the marginalized and vulnerable communities rather than some approaches focusing on distribution of food aid and handouts; � Deliberate drive to grow alternate cash crops such as coffee, tea and agro-forestry is critical for the sustainability of these communities and the project needs to factor such into their plan for Batwa; � Ms. Penninah recommends that, UCSATP in its PMU should amongst its staffing should include a VMG Specialist who amongst others, is to ensure information regarding the project is accordingly packaged and delivered to and from VMGs for their effective and meaningful involvement in UCSATP; and � Finally, within available lands amongst the Batwa, UCSATP and MAAIF should focus on maximizing production more efforts are needed to end discrimination and domination against Indigenous communities and promote inclusive structures and processes through legal and policy reforms. Reaction from JBN consults The Consultant informed Ms. Penninah that the project was still at its preparation stage and these ideas will be passed on to the Ministry for consideration. 126 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Meeting with the Sub-county Chief Ik/Distict Commercial Officer Kotido district DATE 19th April 2022 START 09:50 am MEETING END 10:20 am MINUTES BY Mr. Nelson Omagor Venue of meeting A virtual Meeting by Mr. Nelson Omagor, Environmental and Social Safeguards Consultant and Mr. Thomas Lemu Sub-county Chief Kabong/Ik Community Liaison Officer (0772199992). Subject of the Stakeholder consultations on the planned Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Meeting Transformation Project with specific reference to involvement of the Ik who are Vulnerable and Marginalized Group. The Meeting focused on the following aspects: Introduction of the project; its objectives, activities and beneficiaries as well as focus on Ik involvement Submission by Thomas addressing agricultural challenges amongst the Ik with climate challenges and how they expect the project to be implemented with respect to Ik and vulnerable people. Closure of the Meeting. Self-Introductions Self-introductions by the meeting and the subject of the Meeting was shared. The Consultant introduced the Project and outlined its objectives, planned activities as well as coverage of the Ik people amongst the vulnerable people. The project is called Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project and MAAIF and that, services of JBN Consults and Planners Ltd had been retained for these services in keeping the World Bank requirements during project preparations. He added the project is answer to dwindling agricultural production occasioned largely by erratic climatic changes. As part of the project preparation process, its required that some of the key environmental and social safeguards documents need to be prepared and these include; ESMF, SEF and VMP which is why the meeting now to provide input to these processes. Overview on the proposed project In Uganda Agriculture is mainly dependent on rain therefore the climate shocks will continue to have significant direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity and incomes so there is need to build resilience to climatic shocks; The consultant informed the key person how the project will support investments in technologies and market driven productivity in climate smart value chains which will contribute to reversing of climate change hence increase in agriculture productivity and household incomes; and Some of the project components are promoting adoption of climate smart agriculture practices and value chains, strengthening climate smart agricultural research and seeds systems, strengthening agro-climatic monitoring and information systems and project coordination management, monitoring and evaluation and learning. 127 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Submission by Thomas Lemu addressing agricultural challenges amongst the Ik with climate challenges and how they expect the project to be implemented with respect to Ik and vulnerable people. In the discussion Thomas submitted that: � The production went up because UPDF Disarmament was a reality in that, there was peace and people were really settled; � Over the last 10 years people of Kabong and Ik people have been producing millet, sorgum and maize in good quantities because their soils are good and the weather has been favourable; � The farming calendar amongst the Ik starts in February with land preparation and ploughing but cattle rustlers have virtually taken all oxen in the communities so opening land is a nightmare; � One the problem the Ik have is access to accurate weather information and such information ought to be readily available in their local dialects so that they are able to synchronize their cropping calendars. Unfortunately, the Weather Station constructed by Government in Kabong has not been equipped and non-functional. The UCSATP should avail programs of early warning to the communities so as to address cropping timings; � The project should be careful in its design, operations and management of its revolving funds. For instance, when Government came with its Emyoga funds for small-scale interventions, the beneficiary community took it as a political hand-out and an appreciation after the elections. It is critical, that there is adequate mobilization and sensitization and a high level of readiness otherwise the intervention can come to nothing; � Literature has it that, Karamoja has benefitted from a number of assistance programs but there isn’t much to show on the ground except lately NUSAF and DRDIP projects in OPM. Lately, th e Ik communities urge that, technical staff managing project interventions in their areas should be from Ik people unless it really emerges that, there are no such specialties amongst then a person originating from Kabong could be considered this is because they know the special needs of their people and their cultural implications of dealing with outside world; � Lately, cattle rustling has taken another dimension and become commercialized involving local leaders, it has even become cross-border in nature and the net effect is, the factor of agricultural production has been taken i.e. oxen so famine will be worse in a few years to come; � Cattle are raided and taken in waiting trucks guarded by soldiers and this has had its impact on farming; and � The other problem is, there thieves all-over the villages stealing food in granaries, uprooting crops in gardens. What is worse, even the Village Saving and Loan Associations (VLSA) thought are being frustrated by some members themselves in some areas amongst the IK and across the district. Some members go and alert thieves about what a group has saved and they come for the box. So, managing a revolving fund must be well thought of before starting or having it as part of the project. The following are some of the suggestions regarding the UCSATP as per the Ik Community Mobilzer: � Because of rampant cattle raids, the Ik are more comfortable with enterprises to do with bee keeping and there is a claim that, the Ik people or communities have best honey in the world� � The cattle raids have left the communities exposed to worse famine than ever and it would be good, the project works hand in hand with OPM to also deliver food assistance to the beneficiary communities in the project otherwise, they can end up selling project in-puts for quick funds for their survival; � The community structures to a very large extent should be used amongt the Ik to opertaionliza the project. For instance, the elderly men (Ikasukoun), youth (Ikaracuna) and women (A’ngoria) have different and clear roles in the communities and should be targeted differently for different development aspect. The Elders are usual in mobilization of youth because their special place and respect in society, the youth fear to oppose anything the elders advance; 128 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF � Let UCSATP provide Ik with simple mechanized agricultural equipment because lately cattle rustling has swept virtually all cows amongst the Ik people and they begin to feel safe without cattle for fear of rustlers; � Interest groups and vulnerable categories ought to have their resources and involvement be ring-fenced others often they are left out during implementation. What is key, let there be clear provisions for interventions meant for vulnerable groups in view of their uniqueness. In NUSAF 2 and 3 there was a special program and approach meant for Karamoja which should be the case under UCSATP otherwise these groups tend to miss out from programs where they are included in the overall project interventions; and � The last intervention of restocking should occur after successfully having in place sound disarmament program by UPDF otherwise the cows will simply be stolen by the raiders and this can upset all projects meant for VGMs and Karamoja at large. Reaction from JBN consults The Consultant informed Mr. Thomas that the project was still at its preparation stage and these ideas will be passed on to the Ministry for consideration. The Consultant appreciated the CDO for the information shared and the time spared towards the success of the project 129 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Meeting with Environment officer of Kakumiro district DATE 10th February 2022 START 16: 00 MEETING END 16:30 MINUTES BY Ms. Drolence Nandagi. Venue of meeting Meeting called by Ms. Drolence and it was a virtual meeting with (Mr Tibagwana Peter) Kakumiro Environment Officer. (0772108877) Subject of the Meeting Consultation of the stakeholder on the planned Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project Background The Consultant gave a background information about the project under preparation and it is Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project to be implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) and services of M/S. JBN Consults ad Planners Ltd have been retained to prepared environmental and social safeguards documents namely; the ESMF, Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP), Vulnerable and Marginalized People Plan (VMPP) and Gender Based Action Plan (GBVAP). and VMP for the proposed project. The purpose of the Meeting therefore was to pick areas of concerns that need to be built into the project to improve its compliance with both GoU and World Bank Environmental and Social safeguards. Overview on the proposed project � In Uganda Agriculture is mainly dependent on rain therefore the climate shocks will continue to have significant direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity and incomes so there is need to build resilience to the current rampant climatic shocks. � The Consultant informed the DEO that the project will support investments in technologies and market driven productivity in climate smart value chains which will contribute to reversing of climate change hence increase in agriculture productivity and household incomes. � Some of the project components according to the discussion are to promote adoption of climate smart agriculture practices and value chains, strengthening climate smart agricultural research and seeds systems, strengthening agro-climatic monitoring and information systems and project coordination management, monitoring and evaluation and learning. Discussions � The DEO informed the Consultant that, the project is a timely intervention by Government and its partners and it focuses on areas that are key lately in view of short rains and poor harvests by the farmers bringing about sustained harvests and household food security � The Environment Officer appreciated the Team for having involved him at the planning stage because most projects don’t involve them which leaves a very big gap in many projects and end up failing and related difficulties on matters of compliance. � There is an issue of low budgeting where by the funders fail to facilitate for the local government and assume they have their own facilitation which slows down the monitoring and follow up on the project during implementation. � The environment officer advised that there is need for the project implementers to involve them and facilitate their participation so that, input from the communities is built into the project because they are the ones on ground and have all the necessary information. 130 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF He advised that, that capacity building is necessary for both technical team and the local community for effective compliance. He suggested that for the success of the project roles and responsibilities should be clear for different stakeholders. The following are the fears expressed and how best they could be addressed: � The DEO’s greatest fear was exciting people about the project and in the end Ministry of agriculture just keeps quiet without the project proceeding any further; � Secondly, using the local people momentarily and before the end of the project, they are left out without any clear procedures and payments; and � There is fear of failure to be planned for in terms of facilitation for the key stakeholders therefore for better in out puts they need proper input. Reaction from the Consultant In a nutshell, the Consultant appreciated the DEOs input and pledged to integrate his concerns into the project by both the Bank and MAAIF. 131 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Meeting with DEO of Kumi district DATE 7th February 2022 START 12:00 noon MEETING END 01:00 pm MINUTES BY Ms. Drolence Nandagi. Venue of meeting It was a virtual meeting between Ms. Drolence (Consultant) and Mr. Opio Moses the Kumi District Environment Officer. (0784362155) Subject of the Meeting Consultation of the stakeholder about the Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project The interview was between Drolence and Opio Moses the District Education officer of Kumi District. The Consultant informed the DEO that GoU was preparing the safe guard documentation that is going to help us in preparing the Environmental and Social tools, ESMF, SEP and VMP for the proposed project. Overview on the proposed project The Consultant gave a background information about the project under preparation and it is Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project to be implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) and services of M/S. JBN Consults ad Planners Ltd have been retained to prepared environmental and social safeguards documents namely; the ESMF, Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP), Vulnerable and Marginalized People Plan (VMPP) and Gender Based Action Plan (GBVAP). and VMP for the proposed project. The purpose of the Meeting therefore was to pick areas of concerns that need to be built into the project to improve its compliance with both GoU and World Bank Environmental and Social safeguards. Reaction from the DEO � The DEO was very happy to hear of the above project and was gladly waiting for the project to be implemented and promised to give all the necessary support in his capacity in regards to documentation of Environmental and social tools. � He explained that it would be a great idea to work with the right structures on the ground forever example fisheries officers, veterinary officers and community members should be involved at this preparatory stage for the project. � The DEO was concerned that, in many cases projects are designed without building in measures for their sustainability to the extent that, once the project closes, everything about such projects end. The other issue is, sustainability is key in that, even when equipment for the project breaks down, the locals whose capacity will have been built can support the project otherwise projects end up being huge white elephants just because of simple breakdowns which could easily be fixed. � The following are the fears and how best they should be addressed � There is an issue of sustainability in a way that projects are time bound so there is concern that that when the project time elapses the project would just come to an end once and for all. � There is need to use the existing structures in the district for the project area to ensure success of the project � The DEO asked about the main beneficiaries and during implementation, such beneficiaries be targeted. Reaction from JBN consults The Consultant informed the DEO that the beneficiaries have been identified and they will involve in the project throughout the project as in the project documents. There are also plans for deliberate capacity building in the project to ensure its sustainability beyond the life of the project. 132 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Meeting with DCDO of Lira district DATE 9th February 2022 START 09:30 am MEETING END 10:15am MINUTES BY Ms. Drolence Nandagi. Venue of meeting A virtual Meeting by Ms. Drolence a Consultant Sociologist and Mrs. Anono Christine the Lira District Community Development Officer (0772672792) Subject of the Meeting Consultation of the stakeholder on the planned Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project Overview The Consultant Sociologist informed the CDO that the Ministry was preparing safeguard documentation as part of the overall project preparation process and these included; ESMF, SEP and VMP for the proposed project. The project is called Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project and MAAIF and that, services of JBN Consults and Planners Ltd had been retained for these services in keeping the World Bank requirements during project preparations. Reaction from the District Community Development Officer � The DCDO was welcomed the above project and informed the Consultant that they were looking forward to seeing it implemented for the benefit of the target communities for improved household incomes and food security; she noted that the best people to be contacted first would be the agricultural officer and the natural resources officers as their sectors are in line with the project targets. � The following are the fears and how best they should be addressed � There is fear for the community members to left them being the key people to directly benefit from this project. � There is need to look for a wide market for crops grown so that farmers are able to sell their crops to avoid losses since crops grown on a large scale are not only for consumption but also commercial. � There is need to create enough training time for agriculturists not just limited time so that they are able to cope up with the new technologies and methods of Smart Agriculture; and � The DCDO wanted to know when ministry of Agriculture would be going on ground to put all what the project says on ground. Reaction from JBN consults The sociologist informed the DCDO that the project is still at its design/formative stages therefore, all these concerns will be taken into consideration and inbuilt into it. The Consultant appreciated the CDO for the information shared and the time spared towards the success of the project 133 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Meeting with Environment officer of Palisa district DATE 9th February 2022 START 16: 20 MEETING END 17:00 MINUTES BY Ms. Drolence Nandagi Venue of meeting This was a virtual meeting between Ms. Drolence and Mr. Samuka Muhamed the DEO Pallisa District. (0782556952) Subject of the Meeting Consultation of the stakeholder about the Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project Overview of the project In Uganda Agriculture is mainly dependent on rain therefore the climate shocks will continue to have significant direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity and incomes so there is need to shift way land, water soil and other agricultural activities to build resilience to climatic shocks. The Consultant informed the key DEO how the project will support investments in technologies and market driven productivity in climate smart value chains which will contribute to reversing of climate change hence increase in agriculture productivity and household incomes. Some of the project components are promoting adoption of climate smart agriculture practices and value chains, strengthening climate smart agricultural research and seeds systems, strengthening agro climatic monitoring and information systems and project coordination management, monitoring and evaluation and learning. Some of the concerns from the DEO. The project should come with technologies that will help address climate change risks and ensure its sustainability and most important, the technologies should be easily adapted by the local farmers. Some projects have complicated technologies which cannot easily adapted by the local communities; Value chain improvements interventions must incorporate measures and technologies for aste management which use technologies like rec-cycling etc; The livestock component has to come with technologies for Greenhouse gas management especially biogas technologies and applications; The SLM measures should equally look at supporting local governments with respect to wetland protection in view of current encroachment. We need to get people from wetlands but give them what alternate sources of income at household levels; and Interest groups and vulnerable categories ought to have their resources and involvement be ring- fenced others often they are left out during implementation. Reaction from JBN consults The consultant appreciated the Pallisa Environment Officer for his time and the information shared will be of great use in the success of the project. 134 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Meeting with Environment officer of Nwoya district DATE 17h February 2022 START 12:12 MEETING END 12:30 MINUTES BY Drolence Nandagi. Venue of meeting Virtual Meeting by Ms. Drolence and the District Environment Officer Nwoya (0782687036) Subject of the Meeting Consultation of the stake holder about the Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project The Consultant informed the environmental officer that we are preparing the safe guard documentation that is going to help us in preparing the Environmental and Social tools, ESMF, SEP and VMP for the proposed project. The project is called Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project and ministry of Agriculture hired JBN consults to prepare the above tools for the smooth running of a project and it financed by the World Bank Project brief In Uganda Agriculture is mainly dependent on rain therefore the climate shocks will continue to have significant direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity and incomes so there is need to shift way land, water soil and other agricultural activities to build resilience to climatic shocks The sociologist informed the key person how the project will support investments in technologies and market driven productivity in climate smart value chains which will contribute to reversing of climate change hence increase in agriculture productivity and household incomes Some of the project components are promoting adoption of climate smart agriculture practices and value chains, strengthening climate smart agricultural research and seeds systems, strengthening agro climatic monitoring and information systems and project coordination management, monitoring and evaluation and learning Reactions from the District Environmental Officer (environmental and social concerns) The environment officer informed the sociologist that he was very happy to hear about the above project and he was looking forward for it to be implemented and willing to put all the necessary input required. The stakeholder informed that people in Nwoya district grow annual crops mainly and other few practices like mulching. The stakeholder advised that it would be so important to do household mentoring and encourage empowerment of women as them being a major lead in the agricultural sector He also informed that lately perennial crops are being grown but not so much on a large scale as it has just come up. The following are the fears and how best they should be addressed The stake holder expressed the fear of promoting inapplicable technology which may fail to promote commercialization and gave an example of Masalai farmers in their area who came promoting irrigation but the technology has simply collapsed and the equipment has remained idle and wasted because farmers did not understand it nor apply it. 135 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF He expressed the fear of insufficient market for the ready goods and emphasized that smart agriculture may help them and increase the quantity of crops grown but they might fail to improve on the market and crops will be just wasted. There is fear of failure to be planned for in terms of facilitation for the key stakeholders therefore for better in out puts they need proper input. He informed that when the project comes, it shouldn’t be so expensive be6cause the local people need free things for all people to benefit from it Meeting with Agriculture Officer of Nwoya district 7th February DATE 2022 START 15:00 MEETING END 16:15 Ms. Drolence MINUTES BY Nandagi Venue of meeting Meeting chaired by the consultant sociologist and it was a virtual interview between consultant and Mr. Bakole Stephen the agriculture officer. Subject of the Meeting Consultation of the stake holder about the Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project Project brief In Uganda Agriculture is mainly dependent on rain therefore the climate shocks will continue to have significant direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity and incomes so there is need to shift way land, water soil and other agricultural activities to build resilience to climatic shocks. Drolence informed the key person how the project will support investments in technologies and market driven productivity in climate smart value chains which will contribute to reversing of climate change hence increase in agriculture productivity and household incomes. Some of the project components are promoting adoption of climate smart agriculture practices and value chains, strengthening climate smart agricultural research and seeds systems, strengthening agro climatic monitoring and information systems and project coordination management, monitoring and evaluation and learning. Reaction from District Agriculture officer (environmental and social concerns) The agriculture officer welcomed the project and informed that the locals are ready to give all the necessary support needed in order for the project to proceed. He informed that their religion has its own crops so when the project comes, they expect them to just improve what they have instead of introducing completely new crops and breeds. He informed that ministry of land should be put on board because of the problem of land encumbrances in their area. He informed that the government should appoint the right and truthful people who will not embezzle government funds and fail the beautiful project. The stakeholder informed that irrigation is a key in farming which must be put across because it is among the major concerns his people face and during the dry season that happens in January, February and March then August and September affect the community badly where by people lack food The following are the fears and how best they should be addressed 136 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF MASAKA MINUTES DATE 1st March ,2022 START 14:00 MEETING END 15:00 MINUTES BY Ms. Drolence Nandagi There is a fear of failure for the project to be centralized by ministry of agriculture entirely so he advised that the ministry should come on ground and monitor the whole process of smart agriculture project. He advised that the multi sectoral and pilot scheme approach should be applied He informed that when the project is implemented, the local government should be provided some logistics which will smoothen the process of the project Reaction from JBN consults The sociologist appreciated the District Agricultural Officer, Yumbe Agriculture Officer for the information shared Meeting venue Virtual Subject of the Meeting Stakeholder consultation The consultation was between the consultant and Mr. Dennis SSebinojjo the District Community Development Officer Masaka and he promised to work hand in hand for success of the project (0704580231) Fears The stakeholder expressed a concern that there is need to increase demand for productivity, efficiency and sustainability to ensure food security hence improving farming systems which will benefit the agriculturists The stakeholder expressed the concern of failure to continue with smart agriculture project when the project implementors leave the project ground hence there is no sustainability of the project after officials leaving the ground She went ahead to inform that there is an issue of land conflicts among the community members which is a very big threat to the project and the community Resolution There is need to identify the true owner of the land with evidence of ownership through the local leaders; There is need to involve community members and district officials as well as the local leaders all the techniques used in implementing the project so that when ministry of agriculture leaves the ground the community members continue to benefit from the project. There is need to create ready market in agriculture. Conclusion The stakeholder thanked the Consultant on behalf of the world bank and the ministry of agriculture for the good project that is coming up and they are ready to work hand in hand with the officials to 137 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF implement the project. The sociologist appreciated the stakeholder for the information shared and assured him to take all what discussed seriously. 138 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF MBALE DISTRICT MEETING DATE 9th February 2022 START 11:00 am MEETING END 12:30 pm MINUTES BY Ms. Drolence Nandagi Venue of meeting Virtual Meeting by Drolence and Mrs. Nakayenze Anita the District Environment Officer of Mbale(0772555387 Subject of the Meeting Consultation of the stake holder about the Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project The Consultant informed the stakeholder that we are preparing the safe guard documentation that is going to help us in preparing the Environmental and Social tools, ESMF, SEP and VMP for the proposed project. The project is Uganda Climate Smart Agriculture Transformation Project and ministry of Agriculture hired JBN consults to prepare the above tools for the smooth running of a project and it financed by the World Bank Overview of the project � In Uganda Agriculture is mainly dependent on rain therefore the climate shocks will continue to have significant direct and indirect impacts on agricultural productivity and incomes so there is need to shift way land, water soil and other agricultural activities to build resilience to climatic shocks � Ms. Drolence informed the key person how the project will support investments in technologies and market driven productivity in climate smart value chains which will contribute to reversing of climate change hence increase in agriculture productivity and household incomes. Some of the project components are promoting adoption of climate smart agriculture practices and value chains, strengthening climate smart agricultural research and seeds systems, sstrengthening agro-climatic monitoring and information systems and project coordination management, monitoring and evaluation and learning Reaction from key District Community environment officer (environmental and social concerns) � The CDO welcomed the above project and informed the sociologist that they were looking forward to seeing it implemented on behalf of the community and some of the issues at hand include: The stakeholder they lack water for production which has slowed down agriculture in Mbale District. � She informed that there is need to guide the use and application of agro-chemicals in the project to avoid polluting the environment especially soils and water courses. � The stakeholder informed that demand for agriculture products is so high but due to lack of enough land for farming and grazing farmers get limited to use a very small piece of land which affects agriculture out put on a large scale. This can be a limitation for the project but requiring interventions which make use of intensive cultivation means. � She informed that there is need to plan for all farmers in Mbale instead of sampling a few of them so that everyone practicing agriculture can benefit from the project. � The environment officer that local government lack logistics and they should be included in the budgeting hence allowing proper monitoring of the project. Reaction from JBN consults The sociologist informed the stakeholder that the project is in its planning phase and the information shared will be of great use in implementing the project. 139 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 13.3 ANNEX 3: SAMPLE GRIEVANCE AND RESOLUTION FORM Name (Filer of Complaint):__________________________________ ID Number:__________________________________ (PAPs ID number) Contact Information:__________________________________ (Location ; mobile phone) Nature of Grievance or Complaint: __________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Date Individuals Contacted Summary of Discussion ____________ __________________ ___________________________ Signature_______________________ Date: ____________ Signed (Filer of Complaint): ______________________________________ Name of Person Filing Complaint: __________________________(if different from Filer) Position or Relationship to Filer: __________________________________ Review/Resolution Date of Conciliation Session: ______________________________________ Was Filer Present? Yes No Was field verification of complaint conducted? Yes No Findings of field investigation: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______ Summary of Conciliation Session Discussion: _______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _______ Issues _______________- ______________________________________________________________ Was agreement reached on the issues? Yes No If agreement was reached, detail the agreement below: If agreement was not reached, specify the points of disagreement below: Signed (Conciliator): ___________________________ Signed (Filer): ________________ Signed: ___________________________ Independent Observer Date:___________________________ 140 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 13.4 ANNEX 4: GRIEVANCE CLOSE OUT FORM Grievance Close Out Form GRIEVANCE CLOSE OUT FORM Grievance closeout number Define long term action required (if necessary) Compensation required: Y N Verification of Corrective Action and Sign off 1 Corrective Action Steps: Due date: 2 3 COMPENSATION ACTION AND SIGN OFF This part will be filled in and signed by the complainant when he/she receives the compensation or the file is closed out. Notes: Date: >………………………………… Complainant Representative of Responsible Party Name and Signature Name and Signature >…………………………….. >……………………………………….. 141 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF 13.5 ANNEX 5: DONATION COSENT FORM Format for Documentation of Asset Contributions (Please cross-reference to ESMF report of UCSATP) The following agreement has been made on ............... day of..................between...............................................resident of (Village/Cell, Parish/Ward, Sub- county/ Division, District) ...............................(the Owner) and ……………………………………………….(the Recipient). 1. That the Owner holds the transferable right of ........................…………………ha. of land/structure/asset in (Village/Cell, Parish/Ward, Sub-county/ Division, District – Plz include GPS Coordinates of Land) .........…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ….. 2. That the Owner testifies that the land/structure is free of squatters or encroachers and not subject to other claims. 3.That the Owner hereby grants to the Recipient this asset for the construction and development of ................................ (subproject) for the benefit of the villagers and the public at large. (Either, in case of donation) 4.That the Owner will not claim any compensation against the grant of this asset. (Or, in case of compensation) 5. That the Owner will receive compensation against the grant of this asset as per the attached Schedule. 6. That the Recipient agrees to accept this grant of asset for the purposes mentioned. 7. That the Recipient shall construct and develop the……………………and take all possible precautions to avoid damage to adjacent land/structure/other assets. 8. That both the parties agree that the………………………so constructed/developed shall be public premises. 9. That the provisions of this agreement will come into force from the date of signing of this deed. Signature of the Land Owner: Signature of the Recipient/District Project Coordinator/ S/c Community Development Officer :_________________________________________________________________________________ __ 142 Resettlement Policy Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation (UCSAT) Project (UCSAT) Framework-RPF Witnesses:_(Prefer Village/Cell Members)__________________ (Name, Signature, Stamp and Date): 1. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________________________ Attestation by District Lands Officer, Date (Name, Signature, Stamp and Date): __________________________________________________________________________________ _ Confirmation by Area Land Committee Chairperson (Name, Signature, Stamp and Date):: __________________________________________________________________________________ _ Confirmation of DIT Chair/ Chief Administrative Officer: (Name, Signature, Stamp and Date) END 143