REPUBLIC OF LEBANON COUNCIL FOR DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION Consultancy Services For Roads Routine Maintenance And Rehabilitation of Remaining Roads For Lot1 (Jbeil Caza) CDR Contract No. 20832 Final Tender Documents For Roads Routine Maintenance Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) August 2022 Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table of Contents List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. iii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ iii Abbreviations and Acronyms ..................................................................................................... iv Occupational Safety and Health Administration ............................................................... iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................v 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Background ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Rationale ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Report Objectives ........................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 3 1.3.1 Collection of Environmental and Social Baseline information ............................................................ 3 1.3.2 Methodlogy for Stakeholders Engagement .......................................................................................... 3 1.3.3 Methodology for Impact Assessment ................................................................................................... 3 2. Existing Policies, Legal and Administrative Framework ................................................... 4 2.1 Legal Framework ........................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................. 4 2.3 Environmental Standards ........................................................................................... 4 2.4 World Bank Policies and Guidelines ......................................................................... 6 2.4.1 Safeguard Policies ................................................................................................................................ 6 2.4.1 Access to Information, Consultations and Disclosure Policy ............................................................... 6 3. Description of the Proposed Project .................................................................................... 6 3.1 Project Scope and Location ........................................................................................ 6 3.2 Project Activities .......................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Link with REP Rehabilitation Activities ................................................................... 9 3.4 Equipment and Materials/Items............................................................................... 10 3.5 Staffing and Site Facilities ........................................................................................ 10 4. Description of the Environment and Social Context ........................................................ 12 4.1 Physical Environment ............................................................................................... 12 4.1.1 Topography ........................................................................................................................................ 12 4.1.2 Subsurface and Surface Conditions .................................................................................................... 12 4.1.3 Climate ............................................................................................................................................... 13 4.1.4 Ambient Air ....................................................................................................................................... 13 4.2 Biological Environment............................................................................................. 14 4.2.1 Project Settlement .............................................................................................................................. 14 4.2.2 Natural Habitats and Associated Flora ............................................................................................... 14 4.2.3 Ecological Criticality.......................................................................................................................... 14 4.3 Socio-Economic Condition ........................................................................................ 15 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-i - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 4.3.1 General Background........................................................................................................................... 15 4.3.2 Sensitive Receptors ............................................................................................................................ 15 4.4 Determination of Critical Roads .............................................................................. 15 4.4.1 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 16 4.4.1 Results ................................................................................................................................................ 17 5. Potential Impacts and Proposed Mitigation measures ..................................................... 18 5.1 Positive Impacts ......................................................................................................... 18 5.2 Negative Impacts........................................................................................................ 18 5.3 Management Plans .................................................................................................... 19 6. Monitoring Plans ............................................................................................................... 29 6.1 Institutional Setup ..................................................................................................... 29 6.2 Capacity Building ...................................................................................................... 30 6.3 Monitoring Plans Implementation ........................................................................... 30 6.4 Documentation and Reporting ................................................................................. 33 7. Consultation, Disclosure and GRM .................................................................................. 33 7.1 Public Consultation ................................................................................................... 33 7.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ................................................................... 34 7.2.1 GRM for Surrounding Communities .................................................................................................. 34 7.2.2 GRM for Workers .............................................................................................................................. 35 8. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 36 References .................................................................................................................................. 37 Annex 1: Figures and Tables Related to Chapters 2 and Chapter 3 ....................................... 38 Annex 2: Figures and Tables Related to Chapter 4 ................................................................. 45 Annex 3: Code of Conduct ........................................................................................................ 65 Annex 4: Schematic illustration of the GRM ........................................................................... 66 Annex 5: Complaint Register Form ......................................................................................... 67 Annex 6: Public Consultation ................................................................................................... 68 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-ii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners List of Tables Table 2-1 Allowable wastewater discharge levels (WB requirements) ............................... 4 Table 6-4 Reciprocating engine generator with capacity >=200 kW (or >=60 kVA) ......... 5 Table 2-3 Sound pressure limits (MoE Decision 52/1, 1996) .............................................. 5 Table 2-4 Noise exposure limits (MoE Decision 52/1,1996)............................................... 5 Table 2-5 Lebanese noise guidelines for different zones (MoE 52/1, 1996) ....................... 6 Table 3-1Jbeil Caza primary roads....................................................................................... 7 Table 3-2 Envisaged routine maintenance activities for Jbeil.............................................. 9 Table 4-1 Weights assigned for each criterion to determine criticality of each road based on expert opinions ........................................................................................................... 16 Table 4-2 Weights assigned to determined ecological parameter ...................................... 16 Table 4-3 Weights assigned to determined social parameter ............................................. 16 Table 4-4 Criticality score and legend ............................................................................... 17 Table 4-5 Roads of High Criticality (results of the weighted analysis) ............................. 17 Table 5-1 Environmental Management Plan ...................................................................... 20 Table 5-2 Social Management Plan ................................................................................... 23 Table 5-3 H&S Management Plan ..................................................................................... 25 Table 6-1 Environmental, Social, and H&S Monitoring Plans .......................................... 31 List of Figures Figure 3-1 Jbeil Caza primary roads .................................................................................... 8 Figure 3-2 Roads under rehabilitation and candidate roads for routine maintenance activities in Jbeil Caza ............................................................................................................... 11 Figure 6-1 Institutional setup ............................................................................................. 30 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-iii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Abbreviations and Acronyms BNR Bentael Nature Reserve CAE Child Abuse and Exploitation CDR Council for Development and Reconstruction CoC Code of Conduct CoM Council of Ministers DGA Directorate General of Antiquities EHS Environment Health and Safety ESHS Environmental, Social, Health and Safety ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan GBV Gender Based Violence GOL Government of Lebanon GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism H&S Health and Safety IBA Important Bird Area IFC International Finance Cooperation ILO International Labour Organization LULC Land Use Land Cover MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoC Ministry of Culture MoE Ministry of Environment MoWE Ministry of Water and Energy MoIM Ministry of Interior and Municipalities MoL Ministry of Labor MoPH Ministry of Public Health MoPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transportation MoSA Ministry of Social Affairs NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations OP Operational Plan OHS Occupational Health and Safety OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PAPs Project Affected Persons PHS Public Health and Safety PIU Project Implementation Unit PM Particulate Matter KPI Key Performance Indicator REP Roads and Employment Project RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SH Sexual Harassment WB World Bank WBG World Bank Group TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-iv - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Lebanon Roads and Employment Project (REP) is a World Bank (WB) funded project that aims through its first component to improve transport connectivity along select paved road sections and create short-term jobs for the Lebanese and Syrians. The project is implemented by the Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) in coordination with the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MoPWT), noting that all the roads under the REP are under the jurisdiction of the MoPWT. More specifically, the first component of the REP “Roads Rehabilitation and Maintenance “consists of rehabilitating and maintaining of about 500 km of primary roads (including International roads/ Highways) throughout Lebanon. Considering that the anticipated civil works will result in environmental and social impacts, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) shall be prepared under the requirements of OP4.01, which classifies the project as Category B to reduce the footprint of REP’s operations in Jbeil. Accordingly, Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners, which was assigned by CDR to prepare all the tender documents needed for the rehabilitation and maintenance works of the roads located within Jbeil Caza (lot 1), developed in year 2020 an ESMP covering roads that were selected by the Lebanese Government for full rehabilitation works. The ESMP was consulted upon, cleared by the WB and disclosed on the CDR and the WB websites. In this report a second ESMP was developed for Jbeil Caza covering this time 21 candidate primary roads for routine maintenance activities. Routine maintenance activities are typically small in scale compared to rehabilitation activities, but widely dispersed. Similarly, to the ESMP prepared in 2020 that examined the environmental and social baseline conditions of each road to be rehabilitated under the REP, assessed all site-specific environmental and social aspects and put in place environmental and social management and monitoring plans to ensure the appropriate implementation of all safeguard requirements , this ESMP will assess the potential impacts of routine maintenance activities on the local environment and community of Jbeil Caza and consult relevant stakeholders to prepare adequate management and monitoring plans. The objective is to ultimately achieve REP Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) requirements. Noting that the Project was signed before October 2018, date of effectiveness of the Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). Project Description The project consists of routine maintenance activities for a period of two years in Lot 1- Jbeil Caza namely for primary roads (including International roads/ Highways). More particularly, 21 primary roads with a total length of 263 km are candidate for maintenance activities. These activities include incidental repair works, pavement repair works, concrete repair works, and installation of traffic control and safety devices. The purpose of this task consists of maintaining the existing level of service for the concerned roads. Legal Framework TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-v - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners This ESMP was conducted in accordance with the environmental and social standards and the Lebanese laws and regulations namely Law No. 444 (2002) for Environmental Protection. More specifically, routine maintenance activities will be done under OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment. Consultation This ESMP was publicly consulted with the main stakeholders to ensure that they agree on sensitive issues and that the project will not be subject to last-minute dispute. An inclusive public participation meeting was arranged for Jbeil Caza. A total of 23 people attended, of which three were women. During the meeting that was held at the Union of municipalities of Jbeil on December 14, 2021, attendees (citizens, municipalities, and relevant local and national NGOs) were informed about the project objectives, project design, the identified natural, economic, and social resources of importance in the area, the project’s possible risks, and the planned mitigation measures. Attendees were mainly worried about the monitoring process of routine maintenance works. In this context, the consultant and CDR representative explained the monitoring process for this project and highlighted the role of municipalities and local communities in monitoring the Contractor. Further, CDR explained that REP Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been established. Accordingly, REP GRM that is already accessible to all relevant stakeholders to send their project-related suggestions, concerns and complaints was disseminated. The GRM levels were explained and it was clarified that complaints can be sent by email, phone, or in person to CDR (phone: 01980096 ext:317, Email: GRM.REP@cdr.gov.lb, or official letter registered at the CDR (address: Tallet al Serail - Riad el Solh, Beirut – Lebanon). Moreover, attendees were informed that a specific GRM QR will be placed along each active road in Jbeil (project sign boards) and at concerned municipalities (public announcement letters at public boards) before the commencement of maintenance works. At the project signboards, a code will be added as well to direct the citizens to the designed IMPACT platform that will allow them to share their feedback. This will ensure addressing/responding to grievances and reporting to stakeholders as indicated in the ESMP (all complaints will be individually followed up). Lastly, attendees were also worried about the potential impacts of maintenance activities on their agricultural lands. In this context, the Consultant explained that strict precaution measures will be enforced to avoid impacting their produce. It is worth mentioning here that all relevant municipalities will be informed upfront before the commencement of works about the Project since public consultation was conducted back in December 2021. In addition, a public notice will be posted at each relevant municipality including the GRM procedure. This will disseminate the Project and ensure that its activities are implemented in a transparent manner. Baseline assessment The assessment recorded the existing physical, biological and socioeconomic conditions within the area of influence prior the project implementation. This data was then analyzed for impact prediction and assessment. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-vi - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners The geology of the studied roads was investigated for outcropping formations, subsurface stratigraphy, hydrogeology and hydrology. The geospatial analysis that was performed to indicate the percentages distribution of hydrogeological classes along each road alignment showed that nearly all roads lie on a karstic formation characterized by its high transmissivity and can be easily exposed to contamination. Moreover, in terms of surface water, it was detected that Nahr Ibrahim river is crossed by roads JP1, JP2, JP3-1, JP4, and JP7, Wadi El Fidar is crossed by road JP-5, Wadi Mouhnane is crossed by JP11 and JP14, Wadi Bacchta is crossed by JP16, JP17, and JP19-2, Khalaf spring is crossed by road JP4, Ain Al Daia spring is crossed by road J- P7, and Al Kassis spring is crossed by road JP10. Regarding natural habitats and biodiversity, given the nature of the project, the direct influence area concerns existing roads. Consequently, a rapid biological assessment has been carried out to draw the ecological profile of the adjacent areas to the concerned roads and assess natural habitats that are at added risk from the proposed project. In general, roads under study involve a path that is already under anthropogenic influences. The majorities of roads are bordered by human settlements, agricultural lands, scrublands, open garrigue vegetation, and degraded ecosystems. These types of habitats do not provide a favorable environment for a large variety of plants and animals. However, some roads partly involve particular biotopes. These biotopes include rivers, riparian habitats, forests or maquis, rocky outcrops, and protected valleys. Roads that involve particular biotopes and are in large extents surrounded by dense oak forests (e.g., JP3-1, JP9, and JP11) and mountainous roads that are mainly surrounded by rocky outcrops (JP2) are considered ecologically critical. Moreover, the assessment showed that one of these roads (JP11) is of high ecological criticality as it intersects in Bentael village with Bentael Nature Reserve (BNR) that is also an Important Bird Area (IBA). Lastly, a socio-economic survey was conducted in the project area to map the demographic, social and economic baseline conditions at the level of Jbeil Caza. Sensitive receptors (churches, schools, and agricultural lands) were detected as well. Agricultural lands, which constitute a large portion of lands adjacent to the study roads (e.g., JP4, JP14, JP16, JP17) could be affected in case of mismanagement (e.g., dust accumulation on nearby agricultural lands and terraces). Criticality Analysis In order to determine the combined influence of hydrological, ecological, and social issues, a multi-criteria weighted analysis was performed to distinguish critical roads from non-critical ones. This distinction is important since critical roads require stricter mitigation measures. The assessment showed that roads of high criticality are JP1, JP2, JP3-1, JP4, JP7, JP9, JP11, and JP14. Impacts Evaluation Given that at this stage, the specific activities planned for each of the 21 assessed roads are not yet decided, impacts were assessed for all activities under the scope of work and the worst-case scenario impacts were considered for the identified critical roads. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-vii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Environmental impacts are expected to be localized and moderate. Impacts include fugitive dust emission during maintenance work, increase in noise pollution derived from construction machinery, degradation of water quality, potential damages to existing utilities, and disturbance of local biodiversity. In addition to the expected temporary disturbance of the natural ecosystems (dust emission, noise pollution and potential soil and water contamination), direct destruction of vegetation and population might occur if waste materials (e.g., excavated materials, debris, paints etc.) were discharged directly into the roadside riparian habitats, valleys, woodlots, and rocky habitats. Potential social risks related to the project include labor influx (in case the contractor doesn’t recruit labor from the surrounding community) and potential risk of labor induced SH towards female workers and SEA towards women in the surrounding community (due to the close proximity of human settlements to the roads to be maintained); potential risk of child labor; poor labor conditions, dissatisfaction with job allocation; risk of under-participation or underemployment of women; nuisance and traffic disturbance; and temporary obstruction of access routes to sensitive receptors and disturbance (e.g., obstruction of access to churches and agricultural lands, dust accumulation on nearby vegetation and agricultural terraces). Finally, risk of traffic-related accidents and injuries to workers and local communities is expected to be significant if precautions and control measures were not implemented. Potential positive environmental impacts of the routine maintenance activities, if activities were managed properly, are associated with enhanced road conditions. For instance, improved drainage will decrease blockages, improve surface storm water run-off, and control erosion, which in turn reduces the risk of water stagnation which can damage road pavement and is associated with several waterborne diseases. Additionally, the project will improve the safety conditions of the roads through repair of pavements, safety barriers, and retaining walls. Most importantly, the project will create short-term employment opportunities to local residents and Syrian refugees who will execute earthworks. Development of the ESMP This ESMP provides avoidance and mitigation measures to identified impacts. The aim is to assist the project Contractor to reduce the footprint of its operations in Jbeil and to ultimately achieve REP expectations regarding environmental and social performance. Measures to control exhaust emissions, dust and odor emissions, and soil manipulation activities during the execution of work are provided. Moreover, proper measures and guidelines on the control of accidental spills of construction materials are provided including specific/stricter measures to critical roads. Regarding biodiversity, provided recommendations to guide the project Contractor in reducing the negative impacts on natural habitats and biodiversity are related to activities, schedules, and waste management. Contractors must be careful so that the direct impacts (direct destruction) on rich ecosystems and associated fauna would be minimal. In other words, waste should not be dumped into the adjacent natural habitats (e.g. woodlots, valleys, and rivers). Soil and water contamination could have irreversible impacts on biodiversity. Finally, activities near oak forests, rocky outcrops, and BNR should be planned carefully and buffer zones must be created if needed. The social risks of this project can be mitigated through periodic monitoring of labor conditions, specific required clauses within contracts that protect workers and the Code of Conduct (CoC) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-viii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners for Gender Based Violence (GBV) issues. This ESMP guides the contractor to preferably hire local workers, not to hire individuals below the legal working age in accordance with the labor law of Lebanon, and ensure proper implementation of the CoC. Further, close coordination with the concerned municipalities is recommended in relation to road obstruction issues and REP GRM must be clearly communicated to all stakeholders during and before project implementation. Similarly, Health & Safety (H&S) risks can be mitigated through precaution and control measures including the development of site-specific safety and traffic management plans. Further, the ESMP provides key/measurable project indicators to monitor the detected risks. Project monitoring will be undertaken CDR (i.e. Supervisor Consultant) to ensure compliance and performance. Project progress reports will be prepared by CDR and submitted to the WB for review. Finally, REP GRM levels are provided including the procedure for handling complaints. Conclusion Assessments showed that the project risks can be mitigated if the Contractor succeeded in implementing this ESMP, which documents the project’s risks management strategy. In order to achieve that, CDR has to oversee the implementation of this strategy by the Contractor. Most importantly, this ESMP guides the Contractor on critical roads that need special care if they are to be maintained. Accordingly, if the Contractor succeeded in complying with the WB environmental and social standards and in ensuring a safe operation of activities, the project is expected to enhance the safety conditions of the select roads and most importantly create short-term jobs for the Lebanese and Syrians. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-ix - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 1. Introduction 1.1 Project Background The Lebanon REP is a WB funded project that aims to improve transport connectivity along select paved road sections and create short-term jobs for the Lebanese and Syrians. The REP was approved by the WB Board of Executive Directors in February 2017 and ratified by the Lebanese Parliament in October 2018. The REP originally had three components. Following its restructuring in March 2021, a fourth component was added to address the impact of the COVID-19 on the agriculture sector. REP components are as follows: (i) Roads Rehabilitation and Maintenance (US$178 million): to finance works and related consultancy services for the rehabilitation and maintenance of about 500 km of primary, secondary, and tertiary roads, including road safety and spot improvements; (ii) Improvement of the MoPWT’ Road Emergency Response Capacity (US$4.5 million), especially during climate extremes; (iii) Capacity Building and Implementation Support (US$7.5 million): to build the capacity of Lebanese agencies in planning and managing the road sector; and (iv) Support to farmers engaged in crop and livestock production (US$10 million): to support continued agricultural production and vaccination of animals. This ESMP only deals with the first component of REP that aims at (a) rehabilitating, upgrading, and maintaining selected primary (including International Roads/Highways), secondary and tertiary roads, (b) providing technical assistance for the design, procurement, and supervision of said sub-projects, and (c) preparing safeguards instruments for the Project. More specifically, this ESMP that was prepared by Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners, which was assigned by CDR to prepare all the tender documents needed for the rehabilitation and maintenance works of the roads located within Jbeil Caza (lot 1) under CDR contracts No.20832, covers the envisaged routine maintenance works for classified primary roads in Jbeil Caza. It is important to note that REP Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) which was cleared by the WB and disclosed in April 2018 identified the potential environmental and social aspects associated with the project as well as the recommended respective management and monitoring measures. Furthermore, the project’s Resettlement (RPF) cleared by the WB and disclosed in April 2018 outlined the principles for resettlement impact mitigation as well as the organizational arrangements needed during project preparation and implementation; it also included the compensation measures that need to be implemented for any Project Affected Persons (PAPs) for any possible loss of land, properties or livelihoods. Moreover, 25 site-specific ESMPs were prepared between 2019 and 2020, consulted upon, cleared by the WB and disclosed on the CDR and the WB websites. This includes the Jbeil- specific ESMP prepared by Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners covering roads that were selected by the Lebanese Government for full rehabilitation works (ESMP for Jbeil Caza is TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-1 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners available on CDR Website via the following link https://www.cdr.gov.lb/getmedia/4c63204e- e9fb-4d76-a307-e2e5bd17edf1/Jbeil_Final-ESMP.pdf.aspx.). Noting that the Project was signed before October 2018, date of effectiveness of the Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). 1.1 Project Rationale According to Schwab, 2017, in terms of road connectivity, Lebanon ranked 95 and achieved a poor connectivity score index of 48.7 out of 100. As for the road conditions, approximately 95% of the roads are paved but lack proper maintenance. In this context, to deal with increasing safety challenges, the Lebanese Government is implementing REP that aims to improve transport connectivity and safety along select roads throughout Lebanon. However, infrastructure projects can exert a substantial strain on the environment and natural resources. Only with sustainable practices and proper waste management plans enforced, the burden on the environment can be reduced. Sustainable projects can generally be achieved by considering the environmental impact of the construction process (Hoeckman et al., 2012). Similarly, the socio-economic effects of infrastructure projects can be reduced through transparency and fair compensation processes (Morris, 2007). In this context, this inclusive ESMP for routine maintenance works in Jbeil Caza was prepared by Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners for development decision to go hand in hand with environmental and social protection under the requirements of WB OP4.01, that classifies the project as Category B. 1.2 Report Objectives The main aim of this ESMP for Jbeil Caza, is to stipulate the control measures required to manage and monitor the project environmental, social, and H&S risks in accordance with environmental laws and regulations in Lebanon and the WB guidelines. This ESMP will serve as a practical tool for the project Contractor who is supposed to implement the devised management strategy to (1) reduce the footprint of REP’ operations in Jbeil Caza and (2) ensure safe operation of activities and prevent injuries to workers or the public. To reach the above-mentioned objective, the ESMP will: 1. Establish environmental and socio-economic baseline 2. Set the Legal, Institutional, Standards & Policies Frameworks 3. Conduct an inclusive public consultation session that takes into consideration the views of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) to feed the project design and management plan 4. Identify potential social, environmental, and H&S impacts caused by the project 5. Propose feasible and applicable mitigation measures; 6. Guide on creating short term jobs for communities within a gender workforce equality environment; 7. Identify the responsible authorities and assign roles for different organizations in the efficient implementation of this ESMP. 8. Implement a robust GRM that is multi-channeled and fully functional and that is clearly communicated to all PAPs. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-2 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 1.3 Methodology This ESMP was prepared by TIVÈL Consultancy at the request of Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners, as a fulfillment of the environmental and social requirements stated in component 1 of REP. It documents the project’s risk management strategy. The methods used for setting the data collection, stakeholders’ engagement, and impact assessment are elaborated in this section. 1.3.1 Collection of Environmental and Social Baseline information Baseline data were collected from field surveys, previously conducted assessments in Jbeil Caza under REP, generated GIS maps and side meetings. Meteorological data, which play a vital role in transport and dispersion of air pollutants, were investigated and collected in shape of a statistical distribution of weather conditions over a period of time. Also, the ambient air quality for the study area was examined to assess the social wellbeing and health status of Jbeil community. A geospatial analysis was performed to indicate the percentages distribution of geological outcrops and hydrogeological classes along each road alignment. Similarly, a Land Use Land Cover (LULC) analysis was conducted to better understand the percentage distribution of LULC along each road alignment. Results were then compiled with site visit observations. Finally, regarding the social assessment, socio-economic information about Jbeil Caza was obtained from several national sources and studies, as well as from the Ministry of Social Affairs (MoSA) and informal meetings with municipalities. Finally, a list of sensitive receptors was generated to better determine the PAPs. 1.3.2 Methodlogy for Stakeholders Engagement The Stakeholder Circle methodology (Bourne, 2016) was used for defining the stakeholder community and recognizing the communication needed to influence each stakeholder’s prospects and actions. Stakeholders were first identified, prioritized, and then engaged through directed communication. Emails, letters, and direct phone calls were adopted to personalize the communication with main recognized stakeholders. Finally, a formal invitation letter was sent to all stakeholders in relation to the arranged formal public meeting at the Union of Jbeil Municipalities building. 1.3.3 Methodology for Impact Assessment Specific activities that will be performed for each road separately have not yet been determined. Thus, impacts were assessed for the general routine maintenance activities under the project scope. Also knowing that drainage works, pavement repair works, and removal/installation of concrete structures are the riskiest of the whole spectrum of routine maintenance activities (Huang et al., 2009), the “worst-case scenario” impacts were considered. Further, given that impacts are directly affected by the environmental and social conditions of the surrounding environment/adjacent areas to each target road, a multi-criteria weighted analysis was performed TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-3 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners to distinguish critical roads from non-critical. This distinction is important since critical roads, that are expected to be significantly impacted, require stricter mitigation measures. The parameters or criteria that were considered in the analysis are described in Chapter 4, section 1.16. Existing Policies, Legal and Administrative Framework 1.4 Legal Framework Similarly, to all the developed ESMPs within the REP project, this ESMP is conducted in accordance with the WB Safeguards and national and international laws/regulations that are related to environmental and social impact assessments (namely law 444 for the protection of environment, Laws 77 and 78 in relation to water and air protection, Law 80 and Decree 5605 on solid waste management, and the decisions on environmental standards that are elaborated in section 1.6). REP works contracts must comply with the national law on labor and the ILO obligations, which have been ratified by Lebanon (Penal code decree 340/1943; Labor Law/1946: The Lebanese Labor Code, Law No. 335/2001: Pursuant to the International Labor Organization ILO Convention No 182; Law 400 – 2002: Ratification of ILO convention No. 138, Decree 8987 – 2012; Law 205 – 2020; Law 28/2017, Decree 6940/2020; Decree 8987/2012: Prohibition of employment of minors under the age of 18; and Decree 3791/2016: Minimum Wage). Finally, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws must be applied as well to avoid adverse impacts on workers. An overview of the main Lebanese environmental and occupational legislations is provided in Table A in Annex 1. 1.5 Institutional Framework The project is implemented by the CDR in coordination with the MPWT. The other main national institutions that are in relation to REP include (1) municipalities in Jbeil Caza that were consulted at this stage of the project and they will supervise projects’ implementation in their municipal territories; and (2) relevant ministries and governmental departments (e.g., Ministry of Environment (MoE), Ministry of Energy and Water (MoEW), Internal Security Forces/traffic department) that must be consulted when needed before and during project implementation in relation to hazardous waste management, water, electricity, and traffic matters (these institutions and their corresponding mandates are presented in Table B, in Annex 1). 1.6 Environmental Standards Environmental standards that must be respected by the project Contractor are provided in this section. The Lebanese wastewater emission standards are less strict than the WB standards, but stricter for ambient air quality and similar for noise. In this context, during works execution, the stricter limits must be followed. Allowable Wastewater Discharge The allowable discharge requirement as specified by WB are presented in Table 0-1 Table 0-1 Allowable wastewater discharge levels (WB requirements) Wastewater Effluent Pollutants Threshold TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-4 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Parameters/pollutant WB requirements pH 6–9 BOD mg/l 30 COD mg/l 125 temperature Co - Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Oil and grease mg/l 10 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Total coliform bacteria (Most Probable Number/100 ml) 400 Air Emissions Targets According to Decision 16/1 dated 2022, the maximum allowable limits for generators with capacity >=200 kW (or >=60 kVA) are shown in the below table. It is important to note that application of Decision 16/1 will be as of February 2023. Table 0-2 Reciprocating engine generator with capacity >=200 kW (or >=60 kVA) Monitoring Maximum Allowable Limits Fuel type Measurement Frequency Parameter (mg/Nm3) Dust 50 - Continuous CO 100 - • Mandatory if capacity NO2 2,000 - >=10MW 10 Diesel • Optional if capacity SO2 750 Other <10MW 2022) Noise Emissions Targets The expected noise pollution levels should not exceed the values listed in the MoE Decision 52/1 dated 1996. The limited; values are presented in the table below. Table 0-3 Sound pressure limits (MoE Decision 52/1, 1996) Phase Sound Pressure Level dB(A) Working Location (less than 8 working hrs.) 90 Working Location (requires good speech hearing) 80 Therefore, the maximum national standard of 90 (dB) for occupational noise exposure limits should not exceed an average duration of 8 hours working days. If the limits are higher than the acceptable limits, then the exposure duration should be reduced as mentioned in the table below. Table 0-4 Noise exposure limits (MoE Decision 52/1,1996) Sound Pressure Level dB(A) Exposure Duration (hrs.) 95 4 100 2 105 1 110 0.5 115 0.25 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-5 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Moreover, the following table indicates the Lebanese noise guidelines in different zones and at different periods of the day. Table 0-5 Lebanese noise guidelines for different zones (MoE 52/1, 1996) Maximum accepted noise level dB(A) Area classification Day1 Evening2 Night3 Residential area with few construction sites, activities or on a 50 – 60 45 – 55 40 – 50 highway Urban residential area 45 – 55 40 – 50 35 – 45 Residential suburb 40 – 50 35 – 45 30 – 40 Rural residential, hospital, public garden 35 – 45 30 – 40 25 – 35 Industrial zone 60 – 70 55 - 65 50 - 60 (1) (2) (3) 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. 1.7 World Bank Policies and Guidelines 1.7.1 Safeguard Policies The ESMP for Jbeil Caza should comply with the safeguard policy of the WB, specifically, the OP/BP 4.01 regarding Environmental Assessment. The OP 4.01 is triggered as the project could have impacts on the environment due to the maintenance of road infrastructures and associated civil works. Under the requirements of OP4.01, the proposed project is classified as Category B. Impacts have no severe effects on the environment and can be mitigated via an environmental, safety, and social management plan. Despite that OP 4.12 was triggered by this project and RPF was accordingly prepared (disclosed on the CDR website), in the context of Jbeil and in accordance with site specific plans, no involuntary resettlement or land acquisition will take place. In other words, the project will be implemented primarily within the existing “right of way” and there will be no displaced persons by the project activities (this includes local and Syrian refugees). 1.7.1 Access to Information, Consultations and Disclosure Policy The WB allows access to any information in its possession that is not on a list of exceptions. Moreover, transparency is essential to building and maintaining communal dialogue, and increasing public awareness about the WBG’s development role and mission. In this context, a formal consultation process with the public took place during the preparation of this ESMP for Jbeil Caza (refer to section 7.1). Moreover, this ESMP will be disclosed on CDR’s and concerned municipalities’ website. Description of the Proposed Project 1.8 Project Scope and Location The project consists of routine maintenance activities for a period of two years in Lot 1- Jbeil Caza namely for primary roads. Candidate primary roads (including International roads ranging from one lane in each direction with low traffic volume to multiple lanes in each direction with high traffic density known as Highways,). (21 roads divided into sections) for routine TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-6 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners maintenance activities within Jbeil Caza are presented in Table 0-1 and Figure 0-1. The total length of these roads is around 263 km. Table 0-1Jbeil Caza primary roads Road Road Concerned Villages Length (km) J-P-1 Kehmez - Lassa - Ghabate - Afka - El Mejdel 17.1 J-P-2 El Mejdel - Afka 7.6 Nahr Ibrahim - Halate - Alita - Zebdine - Fatré et Bir el Haït - El Hsoune - Aïn el J-P-3 24 Delbé - El Souané - Aïn Jraïne - Frat - Almate El Jenoubiat - Belhos - Kartaba J-P-3-1 Fatré et Bir el Haït - Adonis et Sannour 6.18 J-P-3-2 El Hsoune - Mechane - Adonis et Sannour 5.05 Kartaba - Mazraet el Siyad - Deir Mar Sarkis - Hedayné - El Mghaïré - Yanouh - J-P-4 8.46 Akoura - El-Mejdel J-P-5 Aïn el Delbé - El Souané - Almate El Jenoubiat - Almate El Chemaliat - Torzaya 8.08 J-P-6 Kartaba - Mazraet el Siyad - ElLaklouk 8.75 J-P-7 El Mejdel - Akoura - El Laklouk 8.04 J-P-8 Jbail - Kartaboune - Blat - Bchillé - Jouret el Kattine - Torzaya 12.25 J-P-8-1 Jbail - Kartaboune - Blat - Jbail 1.52 Jbeil - Hboub - Kfar Kaouass - Breige - Ras-Osta - J-P-9 14 Kfarbaal (Annaya) J-P-10 Kfarbaal (Annaya) - Torzaya - Ehmège - El Laklouk - Akoura - Tannourine Foka 17 J-P-10-1 Ehmège - Mechmech 2.26 J-P-10-2 Ehmège - Akoura - 2.94 J-P-11 Bintaél (Fdar-El-Soufla) - Berket Hejoula - Hejoula - Kfarbaal (Annaya) 11.89 J-P-12 Kfarbaal (Annaya) - Ehmège - Mechmech - Lehfed - Saki Rechmaya 9.25 J-P-13 Amchite - Ghorfine - Hbeline - Chamate - Beit Habbak - Sakiet el Kheite 10.24 J-P-14-1 Obeidate - Mechmech - Lehfed 6.7 J-P-14-2 Lehfed - El-Kharbé 3.65 J-P-15 Lehfed - Saki Rechmaya - Jage - Tartige 8.93 J-P-15-1 Lehfed - Jage 2.29 J-P-15-2 Tartige 1.7 J-P-16 Beit Habbak - Chamate - Ghalboune 7.68 J-P-16-1 Ghalboune - Bejjé 1.72 J-P-17 Amchite - Jeddeyel - Chikhane 4.05 J-P-18 Chikhane - Gharzouze - Bakhaase - Maad - Chmout - Kfar Keddé - Fghal 10.36 J-P-19-1 Chamate - El Ramout - Obeidate 3.42 J-P-19-2 Obeidate - Hakel -El Kharbé 5.8 J-P-19-3 El Kharbé - Bejjé - Ghalboune - Aïn Kfah - Maad 8.77 J-P-20 El Kharbé - Lehfed - Al Kattara - Maïfouk 6.99 J-P-20-1 Maïfouk - Al Kattara - Ram - Hadtoune 2.71 J-P-21 Nahr Ibrahim - Halate - Mastita - Kartaboune - Jbail - Amchite 11.26 J-P-21-1 El Berbara - Kfar Keddé - Fghal 2.41 263.05 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-7 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure 0-1 Jbeil Caza primary roads Source: Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-8 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 1.9 Project Activities The assessment of required maintenance activities is provided in a separate technical report prepared by the Engineer (Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb). It was based on site inspection and detailed field observation for 25% of the total primary roads which are considered as representative roads. In this context, the envisaged general roadway repair works within Jbeil Caza were grouped into incidental repair works, pavement repair works, concrete repair works, and installation of channelizing devices and traffic control devices (Table 0-2). Specific activities for each of the 21 candidate roads are not yet assigned. Table 0-2 Envisaged routine maintenance activities for Jbeil Category Maintenance Activity 1. Incidental • Clearing and grubbing repair works • Repair of damaged manhole covers • Repair of Masonry wall • Cleaning of waterways, hydraulic structures, drainage pipes, and box culverts, 2. Pavement • Pavement overlay, for a limited area, consists of paving over the existing roadway repair works to cover cracks, fill potholes and increase the strength of the roadway • Shallow patching works, for a limited section, includes removing the existing pavement (milling); generally, between 4 to 5 cm, and paving the area that was milled • Deep patching works, for a limited section, may be needed when the structural integrity of the road is compromised. Including excavation, base course (30 cm), prime coat, asphalt binder course, tack coat and asphalt wearing courses • Crack sealing • Milling & overlay for sunken but stable trench, width less than 1 m including tack coat • Removal and reinstatement of damaged trench width less than 1 m including excavation, base course (30cm), prime coat, asphalt binder course, tack coat and asphalt wearing courses 3. Concrete • Repair of box culverts, headwalls, concrete channel, concrete safety barrier, repair works retaining walls, and cover channels 4. Installation • Installation of thermoplastic reflectorized road paint lines including surface of Traffic preparation and removal of existing paint lines (where needed) control • Installation of thermoplastic reflectorized special road marking including speed devices limit marking, cats eye, pavement studs, bituminous speed humps; rumble strips; delineators and makers posts; temporary traffic signs, barricade with flashers etc. 5. Temporary • Installation and reinstallation of concrete barrier, removable single face concrete Channelizing safety barrier, or removable double face concrete safety barrier. Devices 1.10 Link with REP Rehabilitation Activities The candidate primary roads for routine maintenance activities are different from the ones that are currently under rehabilitation. A general map showing the candidate primary roads (including International Roads/Highways) for routine maintenance activities in Jbeil along with the roads that are under rehabilitation within REP (roads that were studied in 2020 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-9 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners https://www.cdr.gov.lb/getmedia/4c63204e-e9fb-4d76-a307-e2e5bd17edf1/Jbeil_Final-ESMP.pdf.aspx.) is presented in Figure 0-2. Given the same geographic scope of both ‘projects’ (rehabilitation and routine maintenance projects/activities under REP), concurrent actions would generally tend to offer a higher potential for cumulative impacts. However, routine maintenance activities may not be conducted at the same time of the currently ongoing rehabilitation activities. Moreover, given the nature of maintenance activities as they are smaller in scale compared to rehabilitation works (that involve complete and full asphalting of roads and deep excavations...) which makes REP projects’ combined effect less significant on Jbeil local environment and community. If there may be overlap between the rehabilitation and routine maintenance activities periods, as with air quality and noise emissions due to the distance between the activities and the difference in nature and scale (i.e. localized impacts during maintenance works), cumulative impacts are not expected to be significant at sensitive receptors. However, cumulative deterioration in groundwater quality is expected when roads are in close proximity to the same river/spring and if the contractors did not follow the projects’ ESMPs. 1.11 Equipment and Materials/Items Typical equipment used for routine maintenance activities include shovel, grass cutter, wheel roller, crusher, grader, paver, compacting equipment (compactor/roller), milling machines, cleaning machines, lifting devices etc. A typical tabular format, which shows the raw materials and items needed for the routine maintenance activities, is presented in Table D in Annex 1. 1.12 Staffing and Site Facilities Routine maintenance activities are typically of small scale (i.e., activities will occur on a small section of the road), but widely dispersed, and most of them require skilled and unskilled manpower. The number of required unskilled workers (laborers) needed to perform repair works on-site will depend on each maintenance activity and on the timing of works. In this context, the number of workers is estimated to be 20 workers for normal days and can increase to reach up to 50 workers during the peak maintenance period (e.g., before the rainy season).. Accordingly, the Contractor will be encouraged to hire laborers from the local community living in the project area. The Contractor’s skilled labors include environmental, social, and OHS experts who will be responsible of the implementation of this ESMP in collaboration with project manager, site engineers, and site officers. They will also train non-skilled workers on how to follow the safeguards requirements. The Project site will not include laborers camps, lodging on site, and repair garages. During the implementation phase, the Contractor will have to rent a flat located in the Project area to serve as a project office. The office will be fully used by the Contractor Engineers, technical skilled workers and the Supervising Consultant. The flat will be equipped with toilet, kitchen (including drinking water and appliances), lockers and other supplies needed for the daily TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-10 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners administrative activities. If applicable, the on-site rest point will be decided by the Contractor at the time of works. Finally, the Contractor will have to service the on-site with a portable cabin toilet. The porta cabin will be mobile and its placement depends on the work zone (wastewater management in relation to the porta cabin are provided in Table 0-1). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-11 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure 0-2 Roads under rehabilitation and candidate roads for routine maintenance activities in Jbeil Caza Source: Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-12 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Description of the Environment and Social Context Existing conditions within the area of influence were recorded prior the project implementation. This data was then analyzed for impact prediction and assessment. Baseline data covers the status of the following receptors: air quality, water/soil quality, hydrogeological conditions, climate and meteorology, natural habitats, land-use/land-cover, and socio- economic conditions. 1.13 Physical Environment 1.13.1 Topography Roads under consideration are located in Jbeil Caza. Primary roads start off at the coast and ascend east into the mountains. Attitude approximately range between 12m (road JP21 on the coast of Mastita village) to 1,850m (road JP6 in Laklouk village and JP10 in Akoura village) – Table F in Annex 2. 1.13.2 Subsurface and Surface Conditions (1)Geological Outcrops: The geology of the studied area was investigated for outcropping formations, subsurface stratigraphy, hydrogeology and hydrology. The summary of the geological outcrops exposed in the study are listed and described in Table G in Annex 2. Additionally, in order to obtain a better understanding of the geology in the area, a geospatial analysis (Table H in Annex 2) was performed to indicate the percentages of geological outcrops encountered in each unique road alignment. For example, road JP16 sits entirely (100%) over a C4 formation whereas road JP2 is ~87% over a Quaternary formation and ~13% over C3&C4 formations. (2)Hydrogeological Conditions: Geological units can be defined as aquifer or aquiclude in term of storing and transmitting water, and these types depend on the geological environment in which they occur. The detailed Hydrogeological conditions in the area are presented in Table E in Annex 2. In summary, in terms of hydro-stratigraphy, the project covers several classes: • Karstic limestone formation represented as 1,2, and 3 in Figure A and described in Table I (in Annex 2): these types of formations are highly susceptible to contamination in the event of mismanagement of generated wastes due to the shallow water table and easy subsurface water flow which enhances spread of contamination when it occurs. • In-porous formation represented as 9, 10, and 11 in Figure A: these types of formations typically limit subsurface water flow and therefore any contamination that manages to infiltrate to the subsurface is highly unlikely to spread. • Clay formations: these types of formations are not risky in the sense that if a surface contamination occurs, surface spread is limited due to the clay impermeable formation. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-13 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Similar to the geological analysis, a hydrogeological analysis was done to determine the percentage distribution of hydrogeological classes along each road alignment (Table J in Annex 2). For example, road JP11 sits entirely (100%) over (2: Cretaceous Aquifer) with high transmissivity. (3)Surface Water The main rivers and springs in Jbeil are: Wadi Mouhnane”, Wadi Baahta, Naher Ibrahim, Wadi Fidar, Wadi Madfoun, Ain el Souane and Ain el Delbe. Rivers/Springs intersect with the assessed roads as follows: o Ibrahim river is crossed by road JP1 ,2 ,3-1, 4, and 7; o Wadi El Fidar is crossed by road JP5; o Wadi Mouhnane is crossed by JP11 and JP14; o Wadi Bacchta is crossed by JP16, 17, and 19-2; o Khalaf spring is crossed by road JP4; o Ain Al Daia spring is crossed by road JP7; o Al Kassis Spring is crossed by road JP10 Other roads travel near some of the rivers, as summarized in Table K in Annex 2. In addition, the general surface layout map of Jbeil Caza is shown in Figure B in Annex 2. 1.13.3 Climate The climate and meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. One of the most significant meteorological parameters that influence project activities is precipitation due to its ability to enhance the infiltration of accidental spills and contaminated construction wastewater within the area depending on site operation procedures. In order to have an idea about the meteorological parameter in the study area, three strategic locations were considered a) a low point, b) a middle point, and c) a high point in terms of surface elevation in order to encompass all the study roads and have an average of the results. In the study area, the monthly precipitation data is summarized in Table L in Annex 2. The historical data shows that most of the rain occurs in the winter months between December and March. The total precipitation ranges between 896mm and 1,024mm. whereas, the hottest month in the area is August (30 oC) and coldest month is January (-2 oC). Fluctuations in the temperature values are shown in Table L in Annex 2. 1.13.4 Ambient Air Air quality is an essential component in assessing social wellbeing and health status of a community. Atmospheric air quality data was collected from the Sentinel 5P Tropomi Satellite which provides daily near real time data for various gases in the atmosphere. The mean tropospheric NO2 column density was calculated using the Google earth engine code java script editor resulting in Figure C (in Annex 2) which revealed in the mean NO2 values across the border of Lebanon between year 2018 up to end of year 2021. It is clear that the NO2 pollution is concentrated above the Beirut area and decreases when moving east to reach its lowest value TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-14 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners in the eastern Bekaa plain. The routine maintenance roads of Jbeil Caza are overlain as white alignments over the below NO2 map to have an idea of the ambient air quality in the surrounding area. 1.14 Biological Environment A rapid biological assessment was carried out to draw the ecological profile of the adjacent areas to Jbeil primary roads. The assessment was based on a LULC analysis to determine the distribution of LULC over the length of each primary road with a 50m strategic constant buffer (refer to Table M in Annex 2). Results were then compiled with site visit observations. Potential species were also considered in this assessment and their ecological value was based on their local ecological importance (distribution of species and degree of endemism (Tohmé and Tohmé, 2014) and IUCN classification). 1.14.1 Project Settlement The biogeographic region ranges from the Thermo-Mediterranean near the coast to the Eu- Mediterranean and Supra-Mediterranean at Ehmej level and Mountainous zone at the level of Laqlouq. The altitudinal range plays an important role in plant composition (Abi Saleh, 1996). Characteristics of these zones are elaborated in Table O in Annex 2. 1.14.2 Natural Habitats and Associated Flora Studied roads in Jbeil are mainly bordered by human settlements, olive groves (Olea europaea), agriculture terraces, scrublands and grasslands, cultivated trees (e.g., cypress trees), and open garrigue vegetation, discontinuous bushy associations of the Mediterranean calcareous plateaus dominated by Kermes Oak (Quercus calliprinos) and dwarf-shrubs and spiny burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosus). These types of habitats do not provide a favorable environment for a large variety of plants and animals (refer to Table M in Annex 2). However, some roads involve partly particular biotopes (refer to Table O in Annex 2). These biotopes include rivers, forests or maquis dominated by evergreen Quercus calliprinos, rocky habitats (at higher elevation, e.g., JP2), and protected valleys (case of JP3-1). 1.14.3 Ecological Criticality Roads that are considered ecologically critical are: o Roads that involve particular biotopes (namely riparian habitats, which are excellent refuge for birds, reptiles, and amphibians) and at the same time surrounded in majority by dense oak forests/maquis, which are of high biodiversity value (JP3-1, JP9, JP11 refer to Table N, Annex 2). o Mountainous roads given the ecological criticality of recorded rocky habitats and outcrops that are critical breeding sites for avian predators and refuge for reptiles. Also, characterized by one of the most important floral communities (e.g., outcrops constitute 87% of the adjacent LULC along JP2). o JP11 road that is not only 90% surrounded by dense forest of oaks, it intersects in Bentael with BNR, created by the Law No.11 on February, 1999. BNR is also a designated Important Bird Area (IBA)- refer to refer to Table O in Annex 2). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-15 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 1.15 Socio-Economic Condition 1.15.1 General Background Jbeil Caza has a population of 92,016 in year 2016 excluding the Syrian refugees, where the majority of the population (~65 %) belong to the active group age, ranging between 15 and 65 years old (MoPH, 2016). Jbeil is home to 3.2 % of total number of industries in Lebanon, it is characterized by an unemployment rate of 5 %. Agriculture is on the main sources of income for villages in the upper heights of the Jbeil Caza (e.g., Lehfed, Fatre, Lasa, Ghalboun etc.). Whereas, mountainous villages rely on religious tourism (e.g., Annaya). Roads under study invovle these villages. According to OCHA (2016), approximately 69,933 of Lebanese are above the poverty line in Jbeil, whereas, the deprived Lebanese in Jbeil are approximately 10,728 persons. Approximately 8,377 Syrian refugees are registered in Jbeil. 64.8% of Syrian refugees’ household are below poverty line in Jbeil (VASYR 2017, UMHCR). However, no refugee camps (including Palestinians camps) were detected in the Caza (Table P in Annex 2). Regarding infrastructure there are several treatment plants (Table P in Annex 2). Whereas, in terms of solid waste, Hbaline open dump has been used for many years. In this context, the project Contractor must coordinate with concerned municipalities during the execution of works regarding waste disposal and wastewater management. 1.15.2 Sensitive Receptors Nearly all assessed roads include segments that interest with churches or are in close proximity to churches (refer to Table Q in Annex 2). Some roads include as well sections that are in close proximity to hospitals and health services centers (JP9 and JP8-1), whereas others are in close proximity to schools (JP3, JP3-1 (<5m), JP-2) (refer to Table Q in Annex 2). When sections are at a distance of 30 m or less to or cross the surrounding sensitive receptors namely, churches and schools special care is needed in case they will be maintained. These sections are highlighted so that the Contractor inform the local community about work schedule and execute the works at a good timing in order not to affect citizen going to church, students and patients. Moreover, the LULC cover analysis showed that JP4, JP14, JP16 are mainly surrounded by deciduous fruit trees (40%,48%, 49%, respectively), and 58 % of JP17 is surrounded by olive groves (refer to Table N in Annex 2). These roads are considered socially critical as they involve numerous segments bordered by agricultural lands. When determining critical roads, this study prioritized agricultural areas. In other words, the social parameter was mainly linked to the presence of agricultural areas along the assessed roads because agricultural lands are more spread over the alignments, are highly important for the neighboring communities, and are subsequently more likely to get impacted. Moreover, the assessment responded to local farmers’ concerns (they were worried about the project implications on their produce (refer to Chapter 7)). 1.16 Determination of Critical Roads TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-16 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 1.16.1 Methodology In order to calculate a net effect from the hydrogeological, ecological, and social parameters, a multi-criteria weighted analysis was performed in order to distinguish critical roads from non- critical roads. The parameters or criteria that were considered in the analysis are transmissivity, proximity to rivers, proximity to springs, sensitive LULC classes, and a social parameter. Table 0-1 Weights assigned for each criterion to determine criticality of each road based on expert opinions Criteria Weight Transmissivity 0.2 Proximity to river 0.15 Proximity to spring 0.15 LULC/Ecological 0.25 Social/proximity to agricultural lands 0.25 Specifically, each parameter consisted of the following (refer to Table R in Annex 2): • Transmissivity: distinguished between High of Low, based on the geological and hydrogeological classes. Classes 1,2, and 3; which all the roads occupy entirely, have a high transmissivity. • Proximity to river: Road are either a) cross a river, b) travel near a river (<100m), and c) are very remote from any surface water body and therefore an N.A. value is assigned. • Proximity to spring: similar reasoning as proximity to river • LULC/Ecological: This parameter was divided to either critical or not critical based on the LULC classes shown in Table N in Annex 2, where roads are bordered or intersect with natural habitats of high ecological significance namely, dense oak forests are assigned the highest score of 0.6 or 60%. The other two classes used to determine the ecological parameter are rocky habitats (outcrops) and low-density oak forests. Table 0-2 Weights assigned to determined ecological parameter LULC/Ecological Class Weight Dense forest of Oaks (Quercus ssp) 0.6 Outcrop (rocky habitats) 0.3 Low density oak forest 0.1 Social: This parameter was linked directly to the different types of agricultural areas that might be affected by the works and are of importance to the local community in Jbeil. This parameter was prioritized knowing that agricultural lands are more likely to get impacted by road maintenance activities and in accordance with farmers concerns (refer to Chapter 7). Similarly, it is divided to either critical or not critical based on the classes shown in Table 0-3, where roads passing near deciduous fruit trees areas are assigned the highest score of 0.4 or 40%. Table 0-3 Weights assigned to determined social parameter Social TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-17 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Class Weight Deciduous fruit trees 0.4 Field crops in large areas 0.15 Field crops in small fields/terraces 0.15 Olives 0.2 Protected agriculture 0.1 1.16.1 Results The results of the analysis are shown in Table 0-5 and the criticality score is either defined as low, medium, or high based on the legend shown in Table 0-4. Roads of high criticality are JP1, JP2, -P 3-1, JP 4, JP7, JP9, JP11, and JP14. Table 0-4 Criticality score and legend Sensitivity Value Criticality <=0.3 Low >0.3 and <=0.5 Medium <0.5 and <=0.85 High Table 0-5 Roads of High Criticality (results of the weighted analysis) Road Name Sensitivity Value Criticality JP-1 0.7125 High JP-2 0.6 High JP-3 r1 0.45 Medium JP-3-1 0.6 High JP-3-2 0.2 Low JP-4 0.75 High JP-5 0.35 Medium JP-6 0.3125 Medium JP-7 0.5 High JP-8 0.45 Medium JP-8-1 0.2 Low JP-9 0.5625 High JP-10 0.35 Medium JP-10-1 0.2 Low JP-10-2 0.2 Low JP-11 0.6 High JP-12 0.45 Medium JP-13 0.3125 Medium JP-14 0.85 High JP-15 0.2 Low JP-15-1 0.2 Low J-P-15-2 0.2 Low JP-16 0.35 Medium JP-16-1 0.45 Medium JP-17 0.35 Medium JP-18 0.2 Low JP-19-1 0.2 Low JP-19-2 0.35 Medium JP-19-3 0.2 Low TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-18 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners JP-20 0.2 Low JP-20-1 0.2 Low JP-21 0.35 Medium JP-21-1 0.3125 Medium Potential Impacts and Proposed Mitigation measures In this Chapter, the project positive impacts and the identified REP’s potential negative impacts are elaborated along with their correspondent mitigation measures. 1.17 Positive Impacts Potential positive environmental impacts of the routine maintenance activities are associated with enhanced road conditions. For instance, improved drainage will 1) decrease blockages and improve surface storm water run-off, 2) improve traffic safety, and 3) control erosion, which in turn reduces the risk of water stagnation which can damage road pavement and is associated with several waterborne diseases and contamination. Additionally, the project will improve the safety conditions of the roads through repair of pavements, safety barriers and retaining walls. Most importantly, the project will create short-term employment opportunities to local residents and Syrian refugees. Considerable additional jobs will also be created in the supply chain industries as well as the engineering and consultancy services. 1.18 Negative Impacts Potential negative impacts on local environment, communities, and workers are presented in Table 0-1. As mentioned earlier, specific activities that will be performed for each road separately have not yet been determined. Thus, impacts were assessed for the general routine maintenance activities under the project scope. The worst-case scenario impacts were considered for critical roads where impacts are expected to be more significant and accordingly specific mitigation measures are provided. Regarding the social impact assessment, impacts on socio economic conditions of vulnerable groups will be assessed as part of the impacts on the surrounding inhabited areas, as in the case Jbeil, displaced Syrians are not living in specific camps, and thus are considered as part of the local communities. Moreover, it is important to mention that maintenance works in Jbeil will not require land acquisition, therefore, vulnerable groups will not be relocated. Impacts include fugitive dust emission during maintenance work, increase in noise pollution derived from construction machinery, degradation of water quality, potential damages to existing utilities, and disturbance of local biodiversity. Potential social risks related to the project include nuisance; traffic disturbance; potential labor influx; potential social tensions; increase in GBV risks (mainly SEA and SH); inappropriate labor conditions; obstruction of temporary access routes to sensitive receptors, damages of public utilities, and others. Further, adverse HS and OHS impacts that are associated with project activities (exposure to physical, chemical, biological hazards and traffic-related accidents) are expected to be of high significance in the absence of an effective Environment Health and Safety (EHS)/OHS management system and TMP or in case of safety gaps (e.g., incomplete risk assessment and TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-19 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners lack of safety procedures, training, engineering and administrative controls, emergency preparedness and response plan). 1.19 Management Plans All identified impacts must be controlled and mitigated as early as possible. Thus, the aim of the management plans is to ensure effective and fast action responses to achieving good environmental, social, and safety performances. Measures to control exhaust emissions, dust and odor emissions, and accidental spills of construction materials are provided with specific/stricter measures for critical roads (roads that crosses with rivers or are in close proximity to springs (e.g., where JP1 is only 50 m away from Afka spring or where JP4 Crosses Khalaf Spring in Qartaba (refer to Table K in Annex 2)). Further, to ensure that damage to biodiversity is avoided, the creation of a buffer zone and enforcing strict waste management plan are suggested for roads that are considered of certain ecological criticality (Table 0-5). Whereas, addressing potential GBV, SEA/SH concerns could be achieved by ensuring that CoC targeting GBV/SEA is signed and understood by workers; training on GBV/SEA are regularly delivered, and REP GRM and the referral pathways are functioning. Further, the Contractor is recommended to ensure continuous engagement of stakeholders (namely concerned municipalities, identified PAPs/sensitive receptors) in order to avoid impacting/disturbing the local community (namely for the detected touristic and religious areas where roads are in close proximity to churches (e.g., Annaya) – refer to Table Q ). Finally, municipalities’ concerns were integrated into this management plan (e.g., prioritizing local labors, limiting impacts on farmers produce etc.). In addition to the environmental management plan (Table 0-1) and the social management plan ( Table 0-2), a separate OHS management plan was provided ( Table 0-3). Both the ESMP and the OHS management plan must be implemented to fulfill REP safeguard requirements. In other words, the Contractor is obliged to implement reasonable precautions to provide a safe environment for the work force and public. Measures to prevent and control occupational and community hazards are provided at this stage of the project. However, an OHS plan, in line with CDR (2007), IFC, EHS/OHS, and OSHA guidelines for construction sites (including site-specific risk assessments), should be submitted by the Contractor before initiating works. The OHS manual plan should at least include the developed measures in Table 0-3 and a comprehensive Job Hazard Analysis (JHA). The results of these analyses should be prioritized as part of an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazard. Finally, measures in relation to traffic management and guidance in relation to the Traffic Management Plan (TMP) that should be prepared as well by the Contractor are provided along with H&S control measures in Table 0-3. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-20 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table 0-1 Environmental Management Plan Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures Dust Control • During excavation, water should be sprinkled to hamper fugitive dust emissions that could pollute surrounding water quality. • Pollution of surface water where road Construction Solid Waste and Wastewater Management cross rivers. • Excavated soil should be stored and transported offsite to the nearest licensed • Pollution of underground aquifers dumpsite “Hbaline dumpsite “due to possible heavy metal contamination. specially that mainly all studied road • During pavement repair works alignments fall on karst limestone o Cleared subgrade or reclaimed asphalt must not be disposed into the aquifers. road adjacent ecosystems and rivers. • Increased water turbidity due to the o Compacted, unsuitable/degraded materials shall be disposed in a Works with Potential to Cause Impacts in case of generated dust that can either enter water licensed landfill and suitable materials should be sent to facilities to be mismanagement of generated waste, improper handling of courses when it is mixed and directed by reused in construction. construction materials, and uncontrolled spills and littering: rain or it can be deposited naturally. • Cleared materials and debris (soil, stones and sticks) should not be disposed • Pollution of water resources and soil into the nearby streams and rivers. Cleared materials should be properly Pavement repair works quality due to improper management of collected away from drainage waterways and disposed by the Municipality of toxic substances (e.g., asphalt layer), Jbeil. • Excavations and milling can produce substantial inadequate disposal of solid waste, • When cleaning hydraulic structures: store wastes collected from cleaning amounts of dust and scattered pavement materials. debris… activities of the drainage system in appropriate containers or temporary storage • Pavement repair works will result in the generation • Pollution of water and soil quality due to sites in a manner that prevents discharge to the storm drain. All obstruction of solid and hazardous wastes; mainly old asphalt accidental spills of bituminous materials, materials cleared debris, silt and vegetation must be disposed of to a safe place. layers, crushed sub-base aggregates, solvent and oil chemicals/paint and leachate of concrete products etc. pouring. Management of Accidental Leakages/Spills • Accidental spills of bituminous materials with • Pollution of water and soil quality due to • Accidental leachate during concrete pouring should be immediately cleaned, construction runoff and storm water might result in improper management of the generated collected in an impermeable bag and disposed along the municipal solid waste water and soil quality deterioration. domestic solid waste and wastewater from collection route. the porta cabin. • Have a spill response plan in place and spill kits on site. All workers should be Water and soil Quality Drainage Maintenance • Deterioration of water and soil quality due trained on its implementation. to contaminated stormwater runoff with • Accidental spills of fuel or oil or hazardous materials should be stopped with an • Improper disposal of waste of removed bituminous materials, fuel/oil. available obstacle. Spill should be cleaned with an absorbent pad or saw dust. obstructions, debris and waste; from cleaning Contaminated absorbent and/or soil should be collected in an impermeable bag hydraulic structures These impacts will adversely affect the following to be deposed along the existing municipal waste collection route, in the • Improper disposal of excess waste during rivers/watercourses that are crossed by the absence of a national licensed landfill for hazardous waste. replacement of drainage appliances identified critical roads (refer to Table 0-5): Proper Handling of Construction Materials and Hazardous Waste Installation/removing of road markings and paintings • Nahr Ibrahim River is crossed by road JP1 • Proper handling of fresh asphalt, slurry, paints, and other construction ,2 ,3-1, 4, and 7 materials. • Improper storage and disposal of chemical • Wadi El Fidar is crossed by road JP5 • Provide secondary containment when storing hazardous substances in bulk compounds (e.g., paint). • Wadi Mouhnane is crossed by JP11 and quantities. • Spillage of chemical paint substances JP14 • All refueling operations shall take place off-site, vehicles should be fueled up • Wadi Bacchta is crossed by JP16, 17, and before arriving to the road section. Installation of concrete barriers and concrete repair works 19-2 • Ensure Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of all hazardous materials • Khalaf spring is crossed by road JP4 (chemicals, sealants, patching materials) are present onsite. • Spills from on-site concrete pouring • Ain Al Daia spring is crossed by road JP7 • Raw materials should be stored away from watercourses. • Al Kassis Spring is crossed by road JP10 Additionally, when the maintenance works are conducted in close proximity to critical • JP1 is close to Afka spring roads (refer to Table 0-5) the following should be implemented: • Clearing and grubbing should be practiced at least 30 m away from the nearest As for the groundwater resources, nearly all roads stream or river. lie on a karstic formation characterized by its • Mix hazardous materials at a minimum of 40 meters away from any high transmissivity and can be easily exposed to watercourse or sensitive habitats. contamination. • Limit the application of surface treatments to the road surface and avoid over spraying near water courses and at watercourse crossings. • Maintain suitable buffers between, material storage and watercourses and sensitive habitats. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-21 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures • Placement of geotextile silt traps as appropriate, especially in areas close to water bodies (when roads are in close proximity to Wadi Mouhnane, Wadi Baachta, Ibrahim, and Wadi El Fidar rivers and Al Kassis spring and Ain Al Dai spring). • During installation of concrete barriers and concrete repair works, on-site concrete pouring must be done in a way to avoid leaching in nearby streams and water bodies. Concrete works should be performed at least 40 meters away from nearby streams or sensitive habitats. Control of Stormwater Runoff • In case of temporary storage of excavated materials, accidental contamination or spills of the removed soil should be avoided to limit contamination of storm water runoff and in turn the surrounding streams. • Any stockpiled construction material should be covered with an impermeable layer to avoid contamination of stormwater runoff. Domestic Solid Waste and Wastewater Management • Domestic-like waste shall be removed daily from the routine maintenance sites. • The generated waste onsite should be properly segregated at source into recyclables and organic waste in appropriately labelled waste bins. • The Contractor should link the porta cabin toilet to the existing wastewater network. • In case of linking the porta cabin toilet to a polyethylene storage tank, the following should be done: o A specialized contractor should be selected to periodically collect the wastewater from the polyethylene tank. o The tank should be inspected regularly to check for any leakages and to ensure that the generated wastewater is properly collected before it’s full. Timing of Works • Clean drain structures and repair slopes and road shoulders prior to the wet season for easier control of deleterious materials and runoff. If intervention in rainy season is needed, special care is required to allow water away from the road and avoid erosion. • If the schedule requires working in the rain, the work area shall be isolated and appropriate erosion plan must be installed to prevent the release of sediment- laden water and other deleterious substances into watercourses and sensitive habitats particularly for surface maintenance activities requiring the application of patching and sealing component, tar, asphalt, and dust control materials • Excavation of soil may result in disturbance of soil structure and thus may cause an increase in soil erosion and • Earth works • After repairing shoulders, it is important that the side slope is immediately release of sediments. This will • Cleaning and grubbing covered with grass turfing. Soil erosion permanently change the structure of the • Repair works resulting in disturbed areas which • When trimming of grass and weeds from roadway it is important to ensure that soil and surface geology. aren’t properly re-vegetated. the grass is not grubbed but only trimmed to avoid erosion of the slopes. • Cleaning and grubbing grass and weeds may result-in erosion of the slopes and removal of vegetation. Control of Exhaust Emissions • Exhaust emissions from vehicles • Excavation and milling works transporting workers to/from site (i.e., • Ensure the maintenance of all construction equipment and vehicles regularly, at least once a month. • Movement of raw materials transporting vehicles on buses, mini-vans, cars). • Machinery and equipment should be equipped with air pollution control Air quality unpaved surfaces • Exhaust emissions from power generators. equipment that should be monitored regularly to ensure its effective operation. • Unloading of raw materials • Exhaust and dust emissions from • Power generators should be equipped air pollution control equipment. • Open storage of raw materials excavators, paving vehicles (graders, sweepers, dump trucks, asphalt pavers, • Avoid idling time of machinery. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-22 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures • Disturbances to material stockpiles by local winds compactors/rollers, steel wheel rollers, Control of Dust Emissions and material handling, which is of great significance bitumen tanks with spreaders). • During excavation and dust generating activities, water should be sprinkled to depending on the road location. • Dust emissions from disturbances to hamper fugitive dust emissions. In specific, water should be sprayed on • Wind blow during transportation of materials by material stockpiles by local winds, exposed surfaces during dry periods near schools, churches and vehicles and specifically when transporting on material handling and traffic using agricultural lands surrounding the critical roads (refer to Table 0-5, Table unpaved roads unpaved roads. The generated fugitive N and Table Q in Annex 2). dust will highly affect the nearby • Ensure that trucks hauling raw materials are properly covered. agricultural lands, shown in Table N in • Ensure that stockpiles of raw materials are always covered Annex 2. • Ensure that all trucks carrying removed materials/waste from construction sites are covered. Additionally, when the maintenance works are conducted in close proximity to critical roads (refer to Table 0-5), the following should be implemented: • Loading and off-loading of raw materials should be performed away from sensitive ecosystems and/or nearby rivers. • Stockpiles of raw materials should be placed at least 50 m away from sensitive habitats. • Transport trucks, specifically trucks transporting asphalt, are to be tightly • Odors from asphalt fumes and paint can covered at all hauling times to reduce as much as possible release of unpleasant cause unpleasant smells to the odors. surrounding. • Pavement repair works • When maintenance activities will be performed in close proximity to sensitive Odor • Odor emissions might be generated from • Installation of road marking and painting receptors (refer to Table Q in Annex 2), the community should be informed mismanagement of solid waste and beforehand regarding the expected odor emissions. wastewater and disrupt the local • Ensure daily collection of solid waste from the site and adequate management environment. of the generated wastewater. • Regular maintenance of the machinery, equipment and vehicle should be • Elevated noise levels will mainly result from performed to prevent excessive noise. • Heavy and noisy machinery such as, excavation, pavement and milling, and concrete • Appropriate work schedule should be applied to avoid nuisance to the excavators, bob cat, steel roller, placement, etc. surrounding receptors. compressors, pick- up, dump trucks that Noise • Noise and vibration might be caused by the • Vehicles and equipment that meet national standards for noise and vibration generate unpleasant noise levels and operation of earth moving and excavation should be used. disrupt nearby settlements and natural equipment, concrete mixers, cranes and the habitats. • Avoid noise generating activities near roads surrounded by sensitive receptors transportation of equipment, materials and workers. (mainly road segments that are surrounded by forests (refer to Table O in Annex 2) and when the road (JP11) intersects with BNR). General Mitigation Measures • Routine maintenance debris, excavated materials • During drainage maintenance, culverts should be surveyed for the presence of and other used construction materials if discharged nesting communities directly into the adjacent rivers and valleys. • Culverts where wildlife have been determined to be absent do not require • Wastewater discharge into the roadside woodlots buffers or exclusion practices and riparian habitats can severely affect the local • Temporary disturbance of nearby • Prior to grubbing or excavation, the contractor should inspect the working fauna and flora and eventually lead to population zones for areas of endangered plant or animal species (mainly areas that are ecosystems destruction. considered of high ecological criticality- indicated in this ESMP in Table 0-5). • Direct destruction of population • Contamination of terrestrial habitat due to Any findings shall be reported immediately • Habitat Alteration accidental spill • Whenever any vegetation is scheduled to remain in-place, selective clearing • Road kills (i.e., mortality due to vehicular Biodiversity • The generation of emissions and disturbances such techniques shall be employed. All vegetation listed to remain should be marked collisions). as noise, dust, and pollutants in adjacent areas’ soil • Contractor's personnel should not damage remaining shrubs, trees or their root • Contamination of terrestrial habitat due to and vegetation. systems during selective clearing accidental spills • Clearing and grubbing (i.e., removal within the • A waste management plan must be taken to avoid contaminating adjacent • Fauna injuries due to collision with limits of working area all vegetation, surface debris natural habitats and direct destruction of wildlife machine and scattered stones and rocks etc.) could include accidental removal of sensitive and protected Strict Measures Near Critical Habitats: species. • In case works will take place near riparian habitats (i.e., when roads cross or are • Fauna injuries due to collision with machine and in close proximity to rivers and streams) provide a filter strip between the road vehicles due to increase in traffic movement and the river/stream (e.g., Wadi Mouhnane, Wadi Baachta, Nahr Ibrahim, and Wadi El Fidar rivers). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-23 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures • Prevent spillage of construction materials and do not discharge unused or removed materials during maintenance activities into adjacent natural habitats (refer to critical natural habitats in Table O in Annex 2). • Restricting the use of noisy machines and/or adopting noise-reducing means (silencers) for construction machines, especially near sensitive areas (namely if works took place along JP11 in Bentael where the road intersects with BNR/IBA and other critical roads refer to ecologically critical roads in Table O in Annex 2). • Washing of vehicles and machinery should be done offsite and away from particular biotopes (wooded lands and riparian ecosystems); • Routine maintenance activities along JP11 (road intersecting with BNR/IBA) must not take place during the two major migration seasons for birds (i.e, early September-late November and mid-Mars–early May), if feasible. • In case works will take place along mountainous roads that involve rocky habitats (at higher elevation, e.g., JP2) avoid direct destruction of reptile communities by creating a buffer zone. • Road cross-section must be fixed during works to reduce the impact on biodiversity, for example, by flattening side slopes. This makes crossing easier for animals that find roads a physical barrier (WB)- If feasible (in case major maintenance activities will take place at JP11). Control of Freshwater Demand • Dry clean-up methods should replace wet cleaning methods whenever practical (sweeping, dust collection vacuum, wiping…etc.). • Appropriate plastic sheeting or waterproof paper should be used to cover the • Water will be used for domestic purposes, for concrete after water curing to preserve moisture and reduce the evaporation that construction activities (curing of concrete, leads to decrease water quantities used. • During the routine maintenance works, Resources Consumption moisturizing temporary stockpiles…etc.) and for • Signs near water-using appliances should be installed to encourage water overconsumption of water and energy will cleaning and dust suppression. conservation. lead to exploitation of natural resources. • Energy will be consumed for the operation of vehicles and equipment. Control of Energy Demand • Turning off non-used equipment should be done. • Machinery and generators shall be regularly maintained and operated in an efficient manner. • Vehicles should not be allowed to remain idle for long periods. Prior to grubbing or excavation, the contractor should inspect the working zones for areas of archaeological remains. Chance-find procedure: • During excavation (shallow and deep) and • All construction activities in place of the discovery must cease immediately other geotechnical works, there is a once discovery of an archaeological artefact or complex is discovered. potential to unexpectedly find and impact • The site must be fenced (protected) and authorities (Ministry of Culture / Physical Cultural Resources • Excavation, milling and grubbing. Directorate General of Antiquities (MoC/DGA)) must be informed within 24 archaeological materials in an area not previously known for its archaeological hours following the national procedures (law 166/LR of 1933 that regulates interest. antiquities and law 37 of 2008 on Cultural properties • The area should be secured in order to prevent any destruction or disappearance of the archaeological complexes. • Work should not be commenced without the DGAs’ written decision on how to handle the findings and recommence the work. Table 0-2 Social Management Plan Parameter Impacts Mitigation measures Socio-Economic Conditions Labor influx and labor induced SEA Community • Providing workers with the necessary training and awareness raising session on issues regarding SEA, GBV prior to signing the CoC. Social Risks • Ensuring that workers sign the Code of Conduct (CoC) (refer to Annex 3) that targets GBV risks, specifically SEA induced by labor • Labor influx and Labor-induced SH and SEA influx, and penalizes the perpetrators of SEA. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-24 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Parameter Impacts Mitigation measures • Traffic disturbance and obstruction of access routes to • Ensuring that REP established GRM is well disseminated to concerned communities (before commencement of works) through sensitive receptors municipalities public boards and project sign boards. • Disturbance of sensitive receptors • Ensuring that REP GRM (including the QR code along active roads) is properly functioning to record complaints from the surrounding • Disturbance of public utilities and interference with private communities. This will ensure the management of complaints and the implementation of corrective actions. properties/lands Obstruction of access routes to sensitive receptors • Adequate and timely communication with the concerned municipalities and dissemination of project-related work schedule with the surrounding community. • Routine maintenance works should not be performed during peak traffic hours (e.g., works can take place when students are already at school and in a way not to disturb people going to church where roads are in close proximity to schools churches as shown in Table Q in Annex2). • The temporary traffic control can involve lane width reduction, lane closures depending on the type and duration of routine maintenance activities to be performed. Detours and diversions should be designed and provided as needed to ensure a continuous traffic movement. • Provision of safe passages and crossings for pedestrians namely for roads that involve schools, hospitals, and churches (refer to Table Q in Annex 2) and for farmers when road segment are in close proximity to agricultural lands (refer to Table N in Annex 2) – this was one of the main concerns of attendees at the public participation for Jbeil Caza (refer to section 1.24). Disturbance of sensitive receptors (noise and dust) • Noise levels and air emissions should be maintained within the national permissible limits and the contractor should be limited to working hours as defined with local municipalities. • Activities should be planned in consultation with the local community so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are planned during periods of the day that will result in least disturbance. • Nighttime activities, if any, should be performed using low-noise technologies. • When performing noise generating activities, the Contractor should inform sensitive receptors such as schools, hospitals, and churches that if they lie in close proximity to the assessed roads, as shown in Table Q in Annex 2). • During excavation and dust generating activities, water should be sprinkled to hamper fugitive dust emissions. In specific, water should be sprayed on exposed surfaces during dry periods near schools, churches and agricultural lands surrounding the critical roads (refer to Table 0-5, Table N and Table Q in Annex 2). • Strict measures and supervision must be applied when roads are in close proximity to the detected sensitive receptors. Disturbance of public utilities and private properties • Pushing excavated materials onto adjacent lands and damaging public utilities or private properties must be avoided through delineation of work areas. • When trimming trees, broken or cut limbs are not to fall on or damage overhead wires. Labor Induced SH • Laborers should be provided with training sessions and awareness campaigns on SH • CoC should be enforced to project laborers (in a language understood by all workers). • The Contractor should ensure that CoC requirements and sanctions to be applied, if breached, are well understood by signatories, prior to signing the CoC. • Ensuring that training on GBV/SEA are regularly delivered, and REP GRM and the referral pathways are functioning. • REP GRM specific procedures for SEA/SH, including confidential reporting with safe and ethical documenting of SEA/SH cases must be communicated to all workers. Labor Conditions • The Contractor should employ a social/environmental specialist to supervise the GBV issues related to SEA/SH such as supervise signing of CoCs, verify adequate operation of the GRM for SEA/SH etc. • Inadequate labor conditions • Workers tension (Syrian/Lebanese ratio) Child Labor • Child labor • The project should have measures in contracts to ensure that those below the working age are not hired and ensure that labor law of Lebanon is followed. • Under-participation of women • Labor registry and age verification must be maintained during the whole project through an age verification mechanism to be implemented by the Contractor and checked by the supervising engineer (continuous ID control). • Penalty provisions should be available for hiring child labor. • During the employment procedure, the contractor or subcontractor should abide by the Lebanese Law No.0 dated 1946. Inadequate Labor Conditions • Safety and protection of workers should be ensured within the contracts provided by the contractor. • Appropriate rules and regulations should be implemented in order to ensure the protection of laborers. • Contractors should be forced to abide by the specified Lebanese law determining the minimum wage and minimum working age for children. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-25 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Parameter Impacts Mitigation measures • Contractor must comply with Decision 29/1 dated 2018 which restricts significant number of jobs to Lebanese only and allows Syrians to occupy jobs that are not restricted to Lebanese. • Continuous monitoring is required to maintain adequate labor conditions. Social tensions and conflict over job-sharing and dissatisfaction with allocation of project-generated jobs. • Clear criteria for job selection and allocation should be adopted accounting for the ratio of Syrian and Lebanese community workers in Jbeil Caza and types of positions available. • It is important to avoid competition between Syrian workforce willing to accept lower wages and skilled Lebanese labor. • The Contractor should ensure a fair allocation of job opportunities, and most importantly non-discrimination and fair treatment should be ensured among workers (such as equal contractual wages/benefits and working conditions). • Clear communication with all affected workers and good implementation of REP GRM are essential to mitigate the potential risk of social tensions or dissatisfaction among Syrian and Lebanese workers. Under-participation or underemployment or discrimination of women • Setting minimum percentage of women at the employment phase. • The project should ensure that gender equality is attained when it comes to recruitment, salary levels and others. • Promoting the employment of females in appropriate jobs such as managerial or administrative positions. Table 0-3 H&S Management Plan (in accordance with IFC EHS/OHS guidelines) – see more details in Annex 6 Health and Safety Hazards Impact Mitigation Measures Communication of risk with local community • Placing of warning signs to warn the passing citizens about the potential hazards. Signage should be in accordance with international standards (e.g., OSHA 29 CFR 1910.145) and be well known to, and easily understood by the general public as appropriate. • Restricting access to working sites, through directorial controls and dangerous spots in the working sites such as pits, trenches, etc. must be clearly marked and fenced. • General site hazards Disease prevention Community Health and Safety • Disease Occurrence • When repairing rain cuts and minor slips, if material was borrowed along the sides of the embankment, it is important to ensure that it does not become a • Traffic accidents pond of stagnant water where mosquitos can breed, particularly when it is situated nearby human settlements Developing a TMP • A TMP must be developed before commencement of work to ensure traffic safety (refer to traffic safety section of this table) • The TMP should address the partial closure requirements to limit interference to the traveling public and minimize project-related traffic delay and accidents by applying effective traffic mitigation plans and timely diffusion of information to the community and motorists concerning construction operations. These plans must cover alternative routes when needed and must focus on preventing, minimizing and managing traffic incidents. • Job Hazards Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment • Workplace/Site Hazards • A JHA must be conducted before commencement of work. The results of the analysis should be prioritized as part of an action plan based on the likelihood • Injuries and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazards. • Physical hazards (covering all planned routine • Permit to Work (PTW) should be used for Higher Risk activities. maintenance activities) Workplace o Noise o Lifting, slipping, electrical, equipment • Clean eating area, potable water supply, lavatories and showers, first aid kits, lighting, fire detectors and fire-fighting equipment must be provided by the and working at height hazards Contractor in Jbeil site office. o Vibration and excavation hazards • Equipment should be adequate for the dimension of the office and the maximum number of people present. o Vehicle driving & site traffic hazard • Fire and emergency alarm systems must be installed. o Environmental hazards • A person must be appointed to be responsible for the fire protection. o Culvert–specific hazards • Workstations must be equipped with first-aid stations, rest areas, and eye-wash stations Occupational Health and Safety • Confined space • Fire extinguishers must be available in foremen cars. • Hazardous atmosphere • Culvert collapse First Aid and Injuries • Water: High flow rates can create • The Contractor should ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. dangerous footing conditions • First aid kits must be available at project site office and at foremen cars. • Animals, particularly snakes, in • One laborer onsite should be appointed to respond to emergency cases. the culvert can be dangerous, • All workers onsite should know where the first aid facilities are located and how to adequately use first aid kits. especially if trapped • A complete list of nearby hospitals, medical centers and emergency contact numbers should be provided to workers at project site offices and to foremen. • Entrapment: Deep mud can entrap Special care must be taken: personnel walking through it • If manual methods for removing brush, and other vegetation are labor-intensive and require close supervision to ensure good production and worker safety. o Working with precast concrete • In order to avoid serious physical injury or equipment damage when debris being cut by a machine shatters and flies in unpredictable directions. elements -specific hazards Communication of Hazard TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-26 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Health and Safety Hazards Impact Mitigation Measures • Incorrect loading and unloading Area signage and labelling of equipment methods: High-risk activity • Hazardous areas (e.g., storage and excavation areas), installations, materials, and emergency exit, etc. must be marked appropriately. (serious injuries) • All containers that may contain substances that are hazardous must be labeled as to the contents and hazard (i.e., based on MSDS), or suitably color coded. • Uncontrolled collapse of elements Copies of the hazard coding system must be posted outside the storage area where they are likely to come to the attention of safety personnel. • Incorrect lifting and/or unsafe • All energized electrical devices and lines should be marked with warning signs. lifting equipment • Machines with moving parts must be turned off, all electrical devices must be marked with warning signs. • Poorly secured loads • Warning signs (danger/caution signs, general safety information signs, emergency and direction signs) must be installed at sites, offices, parking/storage • Inappropriate or unstable work areas as needed. areas for cranes • Chemical hazards Site security o Exposure to toxic, corrosive, • Communication of risks to workers must be implemented. sensitizing or oxidative substances. • Signage should be easily understood by workers. o Exposure to asphalt fumes is linked to • Good house-keeping practices (e.g., placing loose construction materials in established areas and properly managing generated wastes) breathing problems, and skin irritation (Norseth et al, 1991). Training • Biological hazards • Ensure that all workers are given proper site-specific instructions on OHS prior to commencing work. The OHS training should consist of hazard awareness o Covid-19 spread/ labor-intensive and control measures. project • Provide specialized trainings for supervisors of High-Risk activities to enhance personal safety (e.g., for people working at height, supervisor must be assigned and trained on risk assessment, inspection of scaffolds according to CFR 29 OSHA Part 1926 standards (SCF) and for basic fall arrest and basic rescue). • Trainings on PTW must be conducted to all workers participating in the job. • First Aid Training must be delivered to workers by a certified trainer from Red Cross to help them learn to be more conscious of safety on site and how to deal with accidents occurrence in a proper way. Physical hazards Noise • Workers should not be exposed to a noise level greater than 85 dB (A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. • Limiting the duration of noise exposure (e.g., for every 3 dB (A) increase in sound levels, the allowed exposure period should be reduced by 50 percent). reference • Periodic medical hearing checks should be performed on workers who are exposed to high noise levels. Working at Height • Working at height: Scaffolds inspection according to the OSHA standards • Fall prevention and protection measures should be implemented, such as the installation of guardrails with mid-rails and toe boards at the edge of any fall hazard area • Train supervisors and workers for basic fall rescue Safe tree branches removal • Ensure all ladders or scaffolding used in tree branch removal are securely fixed and one worker is holding the ladder while another worker is climbing up and cutting the branches. • When using the rope to remove branches from tree, ensure that the length of the rope is longer than the height of the tree. Electrical, lifting, slipping, and equipment hazards • Checking all electrical cords, cables and hand power tools for frayed and exposed cords and following manufacture recommendations for maximum permitted operational voltage. • Protecting power cords and extensions from physical damages like getting wet from rain. • Train all workers on proper safe lifting technique (namely for lifting concrete elements). • Assess thoroughly the work area in order to identify areas at high risk for slip, trip, and fall injuries and control it; conduct regular inspections on general cleanliness, spill response, and the effectiveness of cleanings; • Turning off or disconnecting machinery with exposed moving parts. Working with precast concrete – specific hazards (OSHA standards) • The lifting hardware must be capable of supporting at least 5 times the maximum intended load • No employee shall be permitted under precast concrete elements being lifted • Use of tag lines to eliminate potentially hazardous situation Exposure to vibration • Installation of vibration dampening pads or devices. • Limiting the duration of exposure. Exposure levels should be checked on the basis of daily exposure time and data provided by equipment manufacturers. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-27 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Health and Safety Hazards Impact Mitigation Measures Excavation hazards (IFC OHS guidelines): • Controlling site-specific features which may contribute to excavation slope instability (e.g., use of excavation dewatering, side-walls support, and slope gradient adjustments that minimize the risk of collapse and entrapment). • Providing safe means of access and egress from excavations, such as graded slopes, or ladders. Vehicle driving and site traffic hazards (IFC OHS guidelines): • Training and licensing vehicle operators in the safe operation of specific vehicles • Ensuring drivers undergo medical surveillance (regular request of medical checkup reports including drug test for truck and heavy machinery drivers). • Establishing rights-of-way, site speed limits, vehicle inspection requirements, operating rules and procedures, and control of traffic patterns. • Implementation of traffic control procedures (e.g., application of traffic control devices and assigned traffic control people). • Traffic control procedures must be communicated to workers prior to starting work and used for toolbox safety meetings. Environmental Hazards • Care should be taken when cleaning culverts because snakes can be present. • Workers when undertaking routine maintenance activities (e.g., clearing and grubbing) can be exposed to bite and stings. Culvert-specific hazards • Permit-required confined space entry procedures (as specified in OSHA CFR 1910.146) should be followed for culverts. These procedures include: o Workers shall be trained in confined space entry procedures. o Entry hazards shall be evaluated and workers shall be informed of these hazards. o Before and during culvert entry, the atmosphere should be tested for oxygen content and flammable gases. o At least one assistant should be available outside the permit space into which entry is approved for the duration of entry operations. o Forced ventilation should be supplied if needed. Chemical hazard • All workers should be responsible for understanding the MSDS for any chemical that they may be exposed at the construction site (toxic, corrosive, sensitizing or oxidative substances). • All workers should handle hazardous materials properly, clean up any spills that occur. • All workers must wear proper PPE at all times. Hazard associated with working with Asphalt • The application temperature of heated asphalt must be kept as low as possible. • Worker exposure to asphalt fumes and asphalt-based paint aerosols must be minimized. • Recommended PPE when working with asphalt are respiratory protection/ chemical goggles, loose clothing with closed collars and buttoned cuffs, thermally insulated gloves with gauntlets that extend up the arm, safety shoes at least 150 mm high and laced. • Long handled sprayers with flexible hoses should be used when emulsified asphalts are applied by hand for tack coats. Hazardous materials plan • The containers of hazardous substances shall be placed in a leak-proof container to prevent spillage and leaking (e.g., banded-container). Secondary containment system must be free of cracks and able to contain the spill. • Any leaking containers must be removed immediately from the site and appropriate remediation measures must be undertaken on resulting contaminated areas. • Chemicals should be managed, used and disposed, and precautionary measures taken as required MSDS. • Workers who may be in contact with such products must be trained on their handling and toxicity. • Hazardous material containers must be kept in designated storage areas. Biological Hazards Covid-19 measures • Specific posters, signs and kits in relation to Covid-19 must be available at offices and working zones. • All workers should keep proper spacing of at least 1.5 m. • All workers should wash their hands often and clean them with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains 60 to 95% alcohol • All workers should wear a facemask at all times. • All workers should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when they cough or sneeze. • All workers should avoid sharing personal items. PPE • Selection of PPE should be based on the hazard and risk ranking. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-28 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Health and Safety Hazards Impact Mitigation Measures • Correct use of PPE should be part of the OHS training program for employees. • Ensure that workers wear PPEs all the time during working hours. • Specific PPE should be used when handling corrosive or poisonous substances and working with asphalt (NIOSH, 2003) including thermally-insulated gloves to keep asphalt from burning or irritating the skin; steel-toed safety shoes; a face shield with the safety glasses. • Ensure proper maintenance of PPE, including replacement when damaged. Community • Signs, barriers and traffic diversions signs (vertical signalization and signs at the beginning of work zone) should be placed prior the working zone to inform the public that routine maintenance activities are taking place. • Protection screens should be mounted on the concrete barriers delineating the work zone boundaries to avoid the drivers’ dist raction with the routine maintenance activities, to reduce the dust and noise resulting from these activities and prevent anyone from entering the work site. • Advanced warning and regulatory signs should be installed prior and along the work zone. The signs should be placed at decision-making points on routes approaching the construction site and detour to inform motorists about alternate routes to avoid the constructions works. • Advisory speed limit signs should be placed in advance or the reduced speed zone to inform the drivers about any driving speed changes. • Increase in movement of heavy vehicles for the Traffic Safety: • Installation of signs to ensure access to nearby facilities. transport of construction materials and Community and Workers (in • Pedestrian safety must be ensured namely children if the school is in the vicinity. equipment may increase the risk of traffic- accordance with CDR/WB • Traffic should be allowed only in the lane not being sealed. Car must go in a direction opposite of the seal coat operation. This prevents cars being turned on related accidents and injuries to workers and guidelines on TMP) freshly placed seal coat. Some emulsions may require up to 24 hours of traffic control or until the first sweeping occurs. local communities. • Temporary traffic control schemes must be removed after completion of the construction activities that can mislead the drivers. Workers • Regular traffic safety training sessions must be delivered to workers. • Safe movement and working environment for workers must be provided (e.g. temporary traffic barriers should delimitate the work zones to protect the workers from any errant vehicle). The concrete barriers should be flared to the clear zone outer edge to avoid any vehicle head-on collision with the upstream barrier. • Entrance and exit gates should be provided to allow the access of workers, trucks and other construction equipment. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-29 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Monitoring Plans Monitoring aims to ensure that all project activities undertaken are environmentally and socially sound, while considering the mitigation measures provided in this ESMP. It does so by defining a clear set of measurable indicators in an attempt to properly evaluate the project’s performance and compliance with WB safeguards. These indicators can then be used to assist in the early detection of non-compliances. This allows the involved parties to take corrective measures and limit any unsatisfactory performance if such a case arises. It also allows them to accurately communicate the performance and compliance of the project with REP proponents. 1.20 Institutional Setup During the routine maintenance work, the Contractor would be the primary actor; ensuring compliance of works with the different items specified in the management plans. Accordingly, the Contractor will be supervised by several entities appointed by CDR (executor of REP on behalf of MoWPT) through weekly and/or monthly reports (sent by the Contractor) and site visits, ensuring and enforcing mitigation measures. In order to achieve proper management and monitoring, a clear, functional institutional structure was defined (refer to Figure 0-1). The project will be monitored by CDR Project Implementation Unit (PIU) dedicated to REP, which includes social and environmental specialists and the Supervising Consultant who will directly monitor the Contractor. In this context, planning, implementation and supervision of environmental safeguards will thus take place at different stages (a) PIU, (b) Supervising Consultant, and (c) Contractor. PIU will be responsible for providing the overall plan direction and validation of management plans and monitoring of compliance and progress reporting to the WB. The responsibility of implementation and management of environmental and social safeguards by the PIU will be coupled with the assignment of Supervising Consultant (focal point(s) for REP safeguards) who will be in charge of ensuring sound application of the ESMP. Accordingly, the Supervising Consultant will have to appoint qualified experts to directly supervise and guide the Contractor team and ensure project compliance. Finally, the main concerned municipalities will be involved in managing and communicating citizen’s potential complaints to the CDR (PIU). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-30 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure 0-1 Institutional setup Government of Lebanon Ministry of Public Works & Transport Council of Development World Bank & Reconstruction Road & Transport Department Project Implementation Unit Supervising Consultant Contractor GRM Local Community 1.21 Capacity Building In order to ensure safeguard procedures, instruments and monitoring needs of REP are well understood by the Contractor staff, CDR (i.e. Supervising Consultant) will ensure that skilled and unskilled workers receive trainings covering environmental; social (including SEA, CAE, GBV, GRM, Coc), and OHS/First aid issues/requirements before initiation of works. These trainings aim to familiarize the Contractor’s staff on REP safeguards management and monitoring requirements as specified in this ESMP. Further, refreshers and specialized training sessions must be conducted at all times during the implementation of the project. 1.22 Monitoring Plans Implementation Contractors’ experts and officers and the Supervising Consultant’s safeguard expert will monitor the developed key indicators to ensure the implementation of this ESMP. Compliance monitoring involves visual observation/inspection, interviews with employees and external stakeholders, measurements and inspection of equipment, document review, and assessment of activities and parameters (Table 0-1). This will allow detecting, reporting, and correcting the non-compliances. More specifically, the Supervisor Consultant must ensure that (1) Contractor staff are receiving safeguard trainings and signing CoC, (2) Contractor is filling out (a) workers’ registration and muster roll sheets; (b) complaints, and (c) environmental & OHS forms (e.g., incident forms, waste log, traffic inspection checklists, training records, equipment inspection checklists etc.) which shall be reported in the monthly progress report (3) Contractor is not hiring underage labors (age verification mechanism-regular inspection of workers IDs). The Supervising Consultant must also inform CDR/WB on any severe accident on-site. Finally, ministries (e.g., MoE, MoA, MoC/DGA etc.) would also be expected to follow up, if deemed necessary, on the proper implementation and abidance by the relevant laws and regulations. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-31 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table 0-1 Environmental, Social, and H&S Monitoring Plans Standard/Guidelines Monitoring Institutional Approximate Cost Impact Parameters to Monitor Frequency Monitoring Location Monitoring Method National/International Responsibility Follow-up (USD/year) Environmental Monitoring Decision 16/1 dated 2022 • Single point sampling (at one • Construction vehicles Particulate Matter (PM<10) 50 Air PM2.5-10, SOx, NOx, O3, quarter the diameter across the exhaust mg/Nm3 Supervising Emissions/GHG/ CO,Total Suspended If needed stack/source) CDR (PIU) (1,500 per test) • Working sites for Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 10 mg/Nm3 Consultant Dust Particles (TSP) • Visual opacity dust Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 2,000 • Smoke inspection mg/Nm3 • At the working site, Noise Levels (Lmin, Lmax, During the execution especially near loud • One sample per location (near Supervising Included in Routine Noise Decision 52/1 dated 1996 CDR (PIU) and Leq) of noisy operation machinery and sensitive receptors) Consultant maintenance Cost excavation sites • Polyethylene storage tank (in case porta Included in Routine Prohibit leaks from tank Supervising WW Generation Domestic-like wastewater Monthly cabin toilet is not • Visual inspection CDR (PIU) Prohibit overfilling of tank Consultant maintenance Cost linked to WW network) • Around the Routine Number of spills/leaks (of Continuously-during maintenance site, Supervising Included in Routine Accidental Releases lubricants, oil, fuel, or other the execution of especially near • Visual inspection N.A. CDR (PIU) Consultant maintenance Cost chemicals) maintenance activities equipment, material, and storage tanks Construction Solid • Solid Waste Collection and transport of Continuously-during Waste storage, Collection Point • Visual inspection Supervising Included in Routine the generated waste to the the execution of N.A. CDR (PIU) transport, and • Storage areas • Review of solid waste log Consultant maintenance Cost designated site. maintenance activities disposal • Transport trucks Biodiversity • Riparian habitats near When maintenance water channels and Biological Ecological audit for activities will occur • Samples and photos per location Supervising Included in Routine streams N.A. CDR (PIU) Resources particular biotopes near critical natural and GPS point Consultant maintenance Cost • Forests adjacent to habitat the roads Social & Safety Monitoring Plans • CoC signed by new • Signed CoC Before commencement • Training attendance sheet workers of works or every time Supervising Included in Routine • Delivery of induction • At site office • Interview with workers N.A. CDR (PIU) a new worker is Consultant maintenance Cost GBV training (including recruited • Review of received GBV-related GBV) grievance • GBV-related internal Upon grievance • At routine • Received complaints and GRM Supervising Included in Routine N.A. CDR (PIU) grievances occurrence maintenance site records Consultant maintenance Cost • Number of related Social Tensions and grievances Continuously-during • Received complaints and • At routine Supervising Conflicts over Job- • Percentage of workers the execution of records N.A. CDR (PIU) - maintenance site Consultant Sharing (based on gender, maintenance activities • Check workers ‘sheets nationality) • Type, location, and Before and during the Obstructing Access duration of amenity to • At routine • Visual inspection Supervising Included in Routine execution of N.A. CDR (PIU) to Amenities which access was maintenance site • Complaint records Consultant maintenance Cost maintenance activities obstructed • Labor’s wages and • Review workers’ complaints working hours records Supervising Working conditions Monthly • Laborers’ contracts Lebanese Labor Law dated 1946 CDR (PIU) - • GRM in place • Interview with workers Consultant • Grievances recorded • Labor law verification TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-32 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Standard/Guidelines Monitoring Institutional Approximate Cost Impact Parameters to Monitor Frequency Monitoring Location Monitoring Method National/International Responsibility Follow-up (USD/year) Continuously-during • Labor registry • At routine Supervising Child labor • Labor’s age the execution of • Government-issued IDs and Lebanese Labor Law dated 1946 CDR (PIU) - maintenance site Consultant maintenance activities Badges (age verification) Underemployment • Percentage of female Supervising Monthly • At site office • Labor registry N.A. CDR (PIU - of Women employees in workforce Consultant • Internal and external Upon grievance • At each routine Supervising Included in Routine Other Grievances • Complaints records N.A. CDR (PIU grievance reports occurrence maintenance site Consultant maintenance Cost • Regular OHS- training • Total number of work Continuously-during • Attendance sheet • At routine Supervising Included in Routine injuries the execution of • Employee records N.A. CDR (PIU) maintenance site Consultant maintenance Cost • OHS-related internal maintenance activities • OHS incident form grievance • Ensure use of PPE • Availability of fire • Review of OHS records extinguishers onsite (inspection reports, follow-up IFC OHS guidelines for OHS • Good housekeeping reports, incidents, and training construction sites onsite records) CDR OHS guidelines • Use of mask Continuously-during • At routine • Review of covid-19 checklist Included in Routine OHS national laws/decree Supervising • OHS-related internal the execution of maintenance site (reported cases) Lebanese Traffic Law 243 dated Consultant CDR (PIU) maintenance Cost grievances recorded maintenance activities office • Inspection of driving license, 2012 (licenses requirements) • Covid-19 precaution drivers’ medical checkup MoPH guidelines/measures in measures in place reports, and drug tests relation covid-19 • Traffic violations and • Review of traffic inspection accidents recorded checklists (number of accidents) • Safe traffic flow on roads under maintenance in accordance with TMP o Availability of adequate safety and Continuously-during • At routine Supervising Included in Routine Traffic Hazards warning signs and the execution of • Visual inspection N.A. CDR (PIU0 restricted access maintenance site Consultant maintenance Cost maintenance activities measures o Availability of Flagmen o Availability of safety barriers Other Impacts • Type, size, and number Continuously-during Damage to existing • At routine Supervising of damaged the execution of • Visual inspection N.A. CDR (PIU) - infrastructure maintenance site Consultant infrastructure entities maintenance activities • Possible archaeological features found during the works • ID and photographic records of Risk on cultural • At routine Supervising • Adequate Upon discovery all archaeological features found Lebanese Antiquity Law No. 166 DGA - resources maintenance site Consultant implementation of the during the works archeological chance find procedure. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-33 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 1.23 Documentation and Reporting Monitoring yields lots of data regarding project performance. As a result, proper documentation is necessary for two reasons: first to prepare and send performance reports to the concerned parties and second to analyze the acquired data and implement changes when necessary. In this context, monitoring reports will take place as described below. • Contractor’s experts submit compliance reports to the Supervising Consultant on a monthly basis (including completed workers’ sheets, GRM log, and environmental and OHS forms) • The Supervision Consultant experts review and approve contractor reports and submit them to PIU on a monthly basis. • PIU submits environmental/social progress as part of their quarterly project progress reports to the WB on a quarterly basis. In case of severe incidents (e.g. fatality on site) immediate reporting within 24 hours to CDR and within 48 hours to the WB must be done. Consultation, Disclosure and GRM 1.24 Public Consultation PAPs, mainly municipalities and local authorities (Makhatir (‫))مخاتير‬, in addition to local residents represented by local NGOs, and International NGOs were consulted on the project’s environmental and social aspects (list of attendees is attached in Annex 6). The public consultation meeting covered REP planned (1) routine maintenance activities for primary roads in Jbeil Caza (the subject of this ESMP) and (2) rehabilitation of the remaining road in Jbeil Caza (Jbeil R3: Dmilsa - Bentael - Bhdaydat - Kafar – Kfoun). The public participation meeting was held at the Union of Jbeil Municipalities building on Tuesday December 14, 2021. Invitations were sent by the consultant on behalf of CDR to concerned municipalities and NGOs through official letters and emails. A sample of the invitation letter is attached in Annex 7. Invitations were sent to the concerned parties at least one week in advance from the meeting date. The number of attendees was 23 of which 3 were women. Invited local NGOs include BNR committee, Young Women's Christian Association Jbeil (YWCA) and Frontiers’ Rights (Rouwad Houkouk) all of which cover Jbeil area. As for international NGOs, ACTED, ANERA, and DRC were invited. Details in relation to invited NGOs are presented in Annex 6. It is worth mentioning here that all relevant municipalities will be informed upfront before the commencement of works about the Project since public consultation was conducted back in December 2021. In addition, a public notice will be posted at each relevant municipality including the GRM procedure. This will disseminate the Project and ensure that its activities are implemented in a transparent manner. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-34 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners During the meeting, attendees were informed about the project objectives, the identified natural, economic, and social resources of importance in the area, the project’s possible environmental and social risks and the planned mitigation measures. Firstly, local municipalities asked about their main role in REP project. In this context, the consultant explained that municipalities have a main role to inform people about the project and at a later stage, they have a major role in assisting CDR in monitoring any potential violations by the Contractor during maintenance works. The consultant explained as well that a multi-channeled GRM was established for REP project in Jbeil Caza to register and address grievances and complaints from all project stakeholders. REP GRM was disseminated, and it was explained that for each worksite, a QR code will be added on the project sign board (which includes the project GRM and the online feedback form before the commencement of work). This will ensure addressing/responding to grievances and reporting to stakeholders as indicated in the ESMP (all complaints will be individually followed up). Further, municipalities asked to prioritize local labors and were particularly worried about the coordination with relevant authorities, especially with respect to public works (i.e., wastewater and water infrastructure, etc.). Correspondingly, some attendees including a citizen woman from Bchillé village expressed their wish to have projects that aim to improve infrastructures such as upgrading or installing sewerage networks instead of maintenance activities. In addition, local authorities asked the consultant if non-classified primary roads can be included in the maintenance scope of work. According to them, secondary roads are in greater need for maintenance activities. Accordingly, the consultant explained that given the limited remaining available funds for this Caza (REP phase 2), only primary roads are candidate for maintenance works. It was also explained that the Contractor will coordinate with local authorities with respect to public works in Jbeil and with local municipalities in relation to local labors recruitment. A member of BNR Committee who joined the meeting, suggested to meet with the consultant before project execution in order to check the solid waste management plan to be adopted by the Contractor (if routine maintenance activities will take place in Bentael (i.e., JP11 road)).Finally, given that concerned roads under REP are mainly rural and bordered by agricultural lands (fruit trees and vegetables), the head of municipalities (who are partially farmers) were concerned about REP implications on their land. Also, they were worried about possible obstructions. In this context, the consultant explained that strict mitigation measures will be provided for road segments that are surrounded by agricultural lands to avoid impacting farmers’ produce and activities. 1.25 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) A multi-channeled GRM was established for REP project in Jbeil Caza to register and address grievances and complaints from all project stakeholders. Anonymous grievances will be addressed in both GRMs for communities and workers. The maximum anticipated time needed to close a GRM case is 45 days. 1.25.1 GRM for Surrounding Communities TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-35 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners The REP GRM has been established and is already accessible to communities to send their concerns and complaints. Citizens will be informed about the GRM mechanism before commencement of work through municipalities (i.e. through public announcement letters that will posted at the public board of concerned municipalities including the number of Contractor’s site engineer to be contacted and also through project sign boards). REP GRM levels are as follows and the schematic illustration is shown in Annex 4: • Level 1: If any person has any complaint or concern regarding the project implementation, he/she can lodge an oral or written grievance to the site engineer. In case an oral complaint is made, it should be written by the Contractor Social expert. The issue must be resolved within a maximum duration of one week. • Level 2: If the person is not satisfied with the action of the Contractor, he/ she can send the complaint to the PIU social specialist through Phone: 01980096 ext:317, Email: GRM.REP@cdr.gov.lb or official letter registered at the CDR. The issue shall be resolved within a maximum of two weeks. • Level 3: If the person is not satisfied with the decision of the social specialist of PIU, he or she can bring the complaint to the attention of the PIU Director’s Office through e-mail (elieh@cdr.gov.lb) or phone call (01980096 ext:159). Once the PIU Director receives the complaint, it needs to be resolved within a maximum of two weeks. Citizen can also register an official letter at the CDR (Address: Tallet al Serail - Riad el Solh, Beirut – Lebanon). All complaints will be individually followed up on and documented accordingly in a GRM log. The designated person at each level should report to the PIU on the number and subject of new complaints received, and the status of the already existing complaints, if any (i.e. the Contractor social expert will report to the Supervising Consultant expert who will report monthly to the PIU (CDR) who will, in turn, submit the consultants’ monthly reports to the WB).The Complaints Register form or GRM log (refer to Annex 5) includes details/ nature of the complaint, the complainant’s name and their contact details, date, corrective actions taken in response to the complaint. Finally, an online form has been designed using the IMPACT platform to allow citizens to share their feedback (https://cdr.impact.gov.lb/worldbankmobile/home/main?lang=en). The link was shared with concerned municipalities and NGOs during the public participation meeting. It was also clarified that for each worksite in Jbeil, a link to the form will be shared with the local communities via location-based SMS, email and social media. At each worksite, a QR code will also be added on the project sign board (which already includes the project GRM) to automatically direct participants to the online form. 1.25.2 GRM for Workers Similar to the GRM for surrounding communities, a GRM for internal employees, namely the labors onsite are also necessary. It aims to allow labors to report any wrongdoings in their favor or important concerns they might have. Workers must be informed about this GRM before commencement of works through induction training (refer to section 1.21). This internal GRM is similar in nature to the one previously discussed (in terms of accessibility, reporting means, etc…). The only main difference is the contact people for each level. In this context, the first level involves reporting to the health and safety officer and has a duration of one week. The TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-36 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners second level involves reporting to the PIU Director and should be resolved within one weeks. It also follows the Complaints Register form (refer to Annex 5). Conclusion Assessments showed that the project risks are localized, moderate, and can be mitigated if the Contractor succeeded to implement this ESMP, which documents the project’s risks management strategy. In order to achieve that, CDR (i.e. the Supervising Consultant) plays a major role in assisting and supervising him during project implementation. Most importantly, this ESMP guides the Contractor on critical roads that need special care if they are to be maintained. Noting that local communities were engaged and their concerns were integrated in the management strategy. However, engaging stakeholders including local communities is a continuous process that needs to be effectively adopted by the Contractor. Finally, if the Contractor succeeded in complying with standards and in ensuring a safe operation of activities, the project is expected to enhance the safety conditions of the concerned roads and most importantly create short-term employment opportunities to local residents and Syrian refugees. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-37 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners References Bourne, L. (2016). Targeted communication: The key to effective stakeholder engagement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 226, 431-438. Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR). (2007). Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations. Beirut, Lebanon. Huang, Y., Bird, R., & Bell, M. (2009). A comparative study of the emissions by road maintenance works and the disrupted traffic using life cycle assessment and micro- simulation. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 14(3), 197- 204. International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2007). Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines GENERAL EHS GUIDELINES: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY. International Labour Office (ILO). (1999). Safety, health and welfare on construction sites: A training manual. Geneva: ILO. Morris, S. (2007), Towards reform of the land acquisition framework in India. Indian Institute of Management: Working Paper no. 2007–05–04 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2003). Asphalt Fume Exposures During the Application of Hot Asphalt to Roofs: Current Practices for Reducing Exposures. Norseth T, Waage J, and Dale I. (1991). Acute Effects and Exposure to Organic Compounds in Road Maintenance Workers Exposed to Asphalt. Am J Ind Med. Schwab, K. (2017). The Global Competitiveness Report 2017 World Economic Forum. Tohmé G, Tohmé H. (2014). Illustrated Flora of Lebanon, CNRS publications UNHCR. (2017). “Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon 2017” World Bank (2018). Good Practice Note Addressing Gender Based Violence in Investment Project Financing involving Major Civil Works TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-38 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Annex 1: Figures and Tables Related to Chapters 2 and Chapter 3 Table A National Applicable Legal Framework Relevant Sector Legislation Date Brief Description Relevance to The Project Decision 52/1 was referenced in the study to specify the Environment quality standards and criteria for air, water National Standards for Environmental Quality and the MoE Decision 29/06/1996 and soil pollution. Revised standards for water, air and soil Environmental Limit Values for Air and Water. 52/1 pollution (partly updated in Decision 8/1 dated 30/1/2001). The described decision (Annex 12 in decision 52/1) was used for monitoring air emissions. When primary roads are close to Naher Ibrahim river, Decision 34 1997 Naher Ibrahim River became protected under MoE special care is needed. BNR lies in Jbeil Caza. If the assessment shows that Bentael Nature Reserve (BNR) was created by the Law some segments of target primary roads are close to the Law No.11 25/2/1999 No.11 on. managed by the Bentael Nature Reserve nature reserve, special attention is needed during the Committee under the supervision of MoE. execution of work. Amendment to part of MoE Decision 52/1 dated 29/6/1996. This decision will be used to monitor air and water Decision 8/1 30/01/2001 National Standards for Environmental Quality (NSEQ) that quality during implementation of project activities. covered air and liquid emissions for all sectors. Environment Environment Protection Law: Fundamental principles and public rules (7 parts, 68 articles), Organization of environmental protection, Environmental information It is essential for the proposed project as the protection of Law 444 29/07/2002 system and participation in the management and protection the environment is a must throughout all of the steps of of the environment, Environmental Impact Assessment, the project. Protection of environmental media, Responsibilities and fines. Other regulations (miscellaneous, institutional). Penalizes unauthorized discharges or disposal of any kind Law 77 13/04/2018 Water Resources Law of waste in water resources The requirements of the law shall be adhered to for the Law 78 13/04/2018 Law for the protection of air quality management of air emissions from the project Solid waste generated during the project should be Integrated Solid Waste Management which sets integrated managed in accordance with Law 80, which includes Law 80 10/10/2018 solid waste management principles and provides guidelines limiting quantities generated, when possible, as well as for the management of waste. properly disposing of any generated waste. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-39 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Decree 5605 focuses on the importance of source sorting, reducing and reusing, the sorting method according The generated domestic solid waste are to be properly Decree 5605 11/09/2019 depending on the type in order to protect the environment sorted as per decree 5605 and reduce the damages. Exhaust emissions from mobile onsite generators and Updated ELVs for air quality stated in Decision 8/1 and Decision 16/1 2022 heavy machinery should abide by the standards set in this stated additional parameters for various industries. decision Precautionary measures should be taken to limit any Protection against hazardous wastes that could harm air, Law 64 12/8/1988 potential damage from generated hazardous wastes (if Health and water, biodiversity, soil, and people. any) safety The occupation health and safety conditions during Decree 11802 30/01/2004 Occupational health and safety decree maintenance works should comply with this decree. Labor Law that sets basic labor rights in Lebanon including It protects employees from any sort of violations dictated Labor Law 23/09/1946 minimum working age, working and resting hours etc.… in this law. This law is the ratification of ILO convention No. 182: The agreement required the ratifying country to take immediate Does not allow the employment of children and protects and effective measures to prohibit the worst forms of labor Law 335 2/8/2001 them from engaging in any work activities that could and eliminate it and specify the types of work that harm the harm their health and safety. health, safety or ethical behavior of children and their location. Labor Laws This law is the ratification of ILO convention No. 138: This agreement aims to develop a general instrument on the Minimum age of employment on tasks and works that Law 400 5/6/2002 subject of minimum age for employment to gradually pose risks or hazards to health and safety replace the instruments applied in specific economic sectors, aiming to completely eliminate child labor Prohibition of employment of minors under the age of 18 in Adhere to the requirements of this decree with regards to Decree 8987 29/09/2012 work that may harm their health, safety or morals employment for this project. Adhere to the requirements of this decree with regards to Decree 3791 30/06/2016 Sets minimum wage for employees and workers wages of employees on this project. Aims at the elimination of any kind of traffic violations such All transportation vehicles utilized during project as: exceeding the speed limit, driving without a license or Traffic Law 243 22/10/2012 implementation should abide by the general rules driving under any substance alternating the normal mental specified in Law 243. and physical state. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-40 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Decree law 166 7/11/1933 Antiquity law (166/LR) regulates antiquities and Directorate Defines chance find procedures that should be followed General of Antiquities (DGA) has the authority to halt any in case antiquities were identified in the project site development that is damaging archeological deposits. The text of Article 522 of the Lebanese Penal Code, applies to cases of assault of women, by force, violence, and This law was mentioned as the project may hold risks on Decree 340 01/03/1943 manipulations which are acts that affect a woman's dignity, women during maintenance work. physical health, psychological state, and moral integrity. Law 118 30/06/1977 Municipalities Law. It stipulates the role of the Defines the roles of municipalities in the provision of General Municipalities and Municipalities councils. environmental services such as solid waste management, wastewater management, etc. Despite that no expropriation activities will be done; this Law 58 29/05/1991 Law of properties and expropriation law is added because OP 4.12 was triggered by the project. This law was mentioned as the project may hold risks on Abolishment of article 522 of the penal code that exempts a Law 53 14/09/2017 women during maintenance works (influx of workers rapist from punishments if he marries a victim (men) to the concerned area). This law should be followed throughout the Law 28 16/02/2017 Right to access information. implementation of the project. This decree should be followed throughout the Decree 6940 24/09/2020 Determining the minutes of application of Law No. 28 date. implementation of the project. This law should be implemented, in case of sexual Law 205 30/12/2020 Criminalizing sexual harassment and habilitating its victims. harassment. Lebanon’s legislative body is represented by the Lebanese Parliament that approves and issues Laws. Lebanon’s executive body is represented by the Council of Ministers (COM) and is headed by the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. The COM enacts regulations in the form of Decisions (denoted COM Decision Number) and Decrees. Decisions are issued by a specific minister and are limited to the affairs of the ministry that promulgated it. Ministerial Decisions are subject specific TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-41 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table B Institutional framework Institution Roles and Responsibilities MoPWT is responsible for the management of public roads, and for developing a sustainable strategy for the transportation sector within the urban and rural areas. o MoPWT will work closely with CDR during project MoPWT implementation to ensure that important decisions on road (selection priorities, road designs, equipment specifications, and road asset management) are well coordinated. CDR is a public institution established through Decree No. 5 dated 31st January 1977. CDR’s main responsibilities is to: o Coordinate with relevant government agencies and with the relevant government agencies, particularly MoPWT, regarding CDR roads priorities, technical aspects, and project’s requirements. o Monitor the project. In particular, every six months CDR must submit to the Bank project progress reports summarizing all project aspects and progress achieved in project implementation. o Municipalities in Jbeil Caza are responsible for their municipal area. According to Decree 118/1977, municipalities are responsible Municipalities for supervising projects’ implementation in their municipal territories. In this context they were consulted for this project. Ministry of o MoE is responsible for planning and monitoring of environmental Environment issues. (MoE) o MoE is in charge of protecting the environment in general, setting regulations and standards, and advising on implementing projects and programs in a sustainable manner. Accordingly, this ESMP must comply with the Lebanese environmental standards and regulations issued by MoE. Ministry of o MoA is responsible for monitoring all activities related to forestry Agriculture and agriculture. It regulates the introduction of new species in (MoA) agriculture and livestock, protects, supervises and manages natural resources and provide technical assistance whenever necessary. o The REP will not involve the construction of new roads or widening of existing ones (i.e., no tree cutting will occur). However, in the context of maintenance works, if the contractor had to cut native trees for traffic safety issues, the MoA must be consulted. Tree cutting permits are provided by MoA. Ministry of o Monitoring the quality and determination of surface and Energy and groundwater. Water (MoEW) o Design, study, and implement major water infrastructure installations. o Protecting water resources from waste and pollution by taking the necessary measures to prevent pollution. Traffic o Ensuring public safety Department at o Maintaining regular traffic control the Internal Security Forces TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-42 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners o MoL is responsible for all labour and employment issues. Labour inspection is the responsibility of the Department of Labour Inspection, Prevention and Safety (DLIPS) under the Labour Relations Authority of the MoL. o DLIPS supervises the implementation of all laws, regulations, decrees and rules pertaining to the terms and conditions of Ministry of Labour (MoL) employment, and the protection of workers in the workplace, including the provisions of international labour Conventions ratified. Labour inspectors ensure the supervision of compliance with regulations regarding conditions of employment and protection of workers including occupational safety and health. The works contracts must comply with the national law on labour and the ILO obligations, which have been ratified by Lebanon International Treaties and Conventions in relation to REP. Date Convention/Agreement Status Relevance to Project Covered This project must control activities that release green-house by Law gases such as emissions from machineries used (most of United Nations No. 359 which rely on fuel). 1992 Framework Convention dated 11th on Climate Change. August 1994. Covered This project should abide by this convention to avoid or by Law control activities that may pose a threat on biodiversity at all Rio de Janeiro No. 360 levels, since improvement of roads sometimes leads, directly 1992 Convention on dated 11th or indirectly, to the loss and degradation of natural habitats Biological Diversity. August and biodiversity. 1994. Table C Labor Conventions ILO Entry into Ratification Relevance to Project Name Description Convention force Date Its object and purpose are to suppress the use of This project should forced labor in all its abide by this Convention forms irrespective of convention to protect Concerning the nature of the employees from being ILO no. 29 Forced or 01/05/1932 25/06/1977 work or the sector of forced into any type Compulsory activity in which it of work activity that Labor may be performed. they do not want to With some engage in. exceptions such as military service. This project should Aims at the comply with the elimination of forced guidelines of this labor and cancels Abolition of convention in order to ILO no. certain forms of Forced Labor 17/01/1959 25/06/1977 protect employees 105 forced labor still Convention from being forced allowed under into any type of work the Forced Labor activity without their Convention of 1930 will. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-43 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners This project should Enable legislation abide by this which prohibits all convention to ensure discrimination and Discrimination a healthy environment exclusion on any (Employment between the ILO no. basis including of and 15/06/1960 25/06/1977 employees and 111 race/color, sex, Occupation) between the employer religion, political Convention and employees in the opinion, national or work place by social origin in enforcing equality and employment. respect between them. Aim at ensuring that This project should there is freedom of comply with the choice of guidelines of this employment and the convention to ensure fullest possible that employees are opportunity for each given the right worker to qualify for, opportunities, based Employment and to use his skills on their ILO no. Policy 09/07/1965 25/06/1977 and endowments in, qualifications, 122 Convention a job for which he is irrespective of their well suited, origin, affiliations. irrespective of race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin. It stipulates that States should progressively raise the minimum age to a This project should level consistent with Minimum Age abide by this the fullest physical Convention convention in order to and mental ILO no. for Admission abolish the 19/06/1976 25/06/1977 development of 138 to employment of young people. It Employment children below the establishes 15 as the and Work specified minimum minimum age for age. work in general and 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-44 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table D Raw material and items needed for routine maintenance work Item Description Unit B Incidental Repair Works B1 Clearing and Grubbing m² B2 Repair and adjustment of manholes (replace damaged ones) Nr B3 Cleaning of waterways hydraulic structures, drainage pipes and box culverts m³ B4 Galvanized Steel Guardrail lm B5 Repairing Mortared Masonry wall m² C Pavement Repair Works C1 Shallow Patching works m² C2 Deep Patching works m² C3 Crack sealing lm C4 Trench Shallow Patching lm C5 Trench Deep Patching lm D Concrete Repair Works Cast-in-situ Reinforced concrete, Class 250/20 (B25) for repair of box culverts, D1 m3 headwalls and wing walls, concrete channels and retaining walls (all types and shapes) Plain concrete for patching for deteriorated concrete in culverts, channels, walls and D2 m² safety barriers D3 Cast-in-situ Reinforced concrete, Class 250/20 (B25) for channel's cover lm E Traffic Control Devices and Safety Barriers E1 Road Paint Lines width m2 E2 Special Road Marking m2 E3 Cats eye Nr E4 Bituminous speed humps m2 E5 Rumble strips lm E6 Delineators J4 Nr E7 Small Signs m3 E8 Concrete Single Face New Jersey Barrier free standing. Concrete class 360/20 lm TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-45 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Annex 2: Figures and Tables Related to Chapter 4 Table E Hydrogeological conditions in the area Aquifers in the area are Sannine Limestone (C4), Mdeirej Limestone, and Lower Aptian (C2a2). The limestone formation forms a main part to the study area and is the most important karstic system in the Aquifers study area characterized by a significant amount of groundwater flowing in channels, faults and fractures. These fractures include solution joints, solution pits, lapiaz, grooves and sinkholes. Cavities in the rocks are often filled with calcite and cave deposits. Aquicludes formations along the area are the Hammana Formation, Albian (C3) and Quaternary (Q) formation. These deposits constitute an aquiclude due Aquicludes to the presence of marls and marlstones with low hydraulic conductivity. However, low to medium discharge springs are present in this formation. Semi-Aquifers in the area are the Chouf Sandstone (C1), Abey Formation, Lower Aptian (C2a1) and Hammana Formation, Upper Aptian (C2b), and Bikfaya Limestone, Portlandian (J6) epoch which is composed of sand, with very high permeability, and Semi-Aquifers clay, with low permeability are present within these deposits. In relation to permeability and porosity, there are no important fractures or joints within these formations that is why they are classified as a semi- aquifer. Table F Variation of surface elevation of Jbeil roads Elevation (m) Road Alignment Min Max Mean J-P-1 1,100 1,500 1,300 J-P-2 1,350 1,800 1,573 J-P-3 r1 50 1,350 740 J-P-3-1 300 800 542 J-P-3-2 750 950 857 J-P-4 1,150 1,200 1,175 J-P-5 900 1,100 1,000 J-P-6 1,250 1,850 1,550 J-P-7 1,250 1,750 1,500 J-P-8 100 950 553 J-P-8-1 100 100 100 J-P-9 100 1,100 600 J-P-10 1,100 1,850 1,487 J-P-10-1 1,250 1,350 1,300 J-P-10-2 1,600 1,750 1,683 J-P-11 550 1,200 878 J-P-12 1,050 1,250 1,157 J-P-13 50 600 335 J-P-14-1 700 1,000 869 J-P-14-2 800 1,000 914 J-P-15 1,000 1,250 1,150 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-46 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners J-P-15-1 1,000 1,250 1,125 J-P-15-2 1,100 1,100 1,100 J-P-16 400 500 447 J-P-16-1 450 550 513 J-P-17 50 300 175 J-P-18 50 500 292 J-P-19-1 450 650 550 J-P-19-2 700 800 738 J-P-19-3 400 750 545 J-P-20 750 950 857 J-P-20-1 900 1,000 950 J-P-21 12 50 13 Min Max Mean Stats 12 1,850 862 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-47 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table G Summary of geological outcrops exposed along Jbeil primary roads Geology Name Description Chouf Sandstone Varicolored, cross bedded Sandstone with inter-beds of shale; contains heavy (Grés de Base), minerals; color depends upon percentage of hematite and presence of volcanic C1 Neocomian- giving purplish color; Sand is sometimes white; contains coal seams and traces Barremian of brittle amber. This formation can reach 300 meter in thickness. Clastic: mixture of clay, sand and calcareous material in varying proportions C2a1: Abey forming clay, sandy clay, marl, marly limestone etc. The calcareous material Formation, Lower may be slightly to moderately indurated. Where marl prevails, its fresh color Aptian is bluish, weathering to creamish brown. This formation can reach 125 meter in thickness. C2a Karstic, massive marine depositional environment Limestone forming a C2a2: Mdeirej prominent cliff, which often used as a marker bed. Transition with the Abey Limestone, Lower Formation consists of three layers of green clay intercalating limestone. This Aptian formation is outcropping to the East of the site and it can reach 45 meter in thickness. Hammana Marl intercalated with marly Limestone with thick layers of Sand on top; layers C2b Formation, Upper of ferro-oolitic limestone sometimes overlie the sand. This formation can reach Aptian 20 meter in thickness Green Marl (containing glauconite) intercalated with thick layers of marly Hammana Limestone forming cliffs 3 - 4 m in height; may contain some thin sand layers C3 Formation, Albian in the lower part of the formation. This formation can reach 150 meter in thickness. (C4); this unit is divided into three subunits: C4a: Dolomitic Limestone, within this formation, geodes of different sizes Sannine filled or voided can be recorded. Thickness of this unit is about 300 meters. C4 Limestone, of C4b: Bluish marl and shale containing crystals of quartz, chert nodules and Cenemonain age bands form. Thickness of this unit is about 100 meters. C4c: Limestone and dolomitic limestone white to brown in color. Limestone is highly karstified. Thickness of this unit is about 300 meters. Composed of hard crystalline and micritic limestone to dolomitic limestone, Maameltain / creamish white to brown in color, while the weathered color is mainly gray. C5 Ghazir Limestone Limestone / dolomitic limestone is highly karstified and within this formation, geodes of different sizes filled or voided are recorded. Finely crystalline, massive, cliffy Limestone that includes trace to abundant Bikfaya brown chert nodules. This formation is chemically deposited with smooth fresh J6 Limestone, fracture. The thickness of this unit is ranging from 60 to 65 m and Type section Portlandian epoch is Bikfaya. Quaternary formation, This formation can reach a thickness of 100 m and typically consists of sandy Q belonging to the beaches, detrital LS, conglomerates, volcanic coastal or alluvial deposits Quaternary age Source: Dubertret, (1945) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-48 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table H Percentage distribution of the geological outcrops over the length of each road in Jbeil Caza Road Name C1 C2a C2b C3 C4 C5 J6 Q JP-1 30.7% 8.6% 7.9% 0.3% 30.4% 22.1% JP-2 12.2% 1.0% 86.8% J-P-3 r1 17.5% 13.3% 5.3% 9.3% 0.8% 53.9% J-P-3-1 19.4% 7.8% 13.6% 1.1% 56.0% 2.1% J-P-3-2 22.8% 9.1% 65.7% 2.4% J-P-4 29.1% 35.3% 2.4% 18.5% 14.7% J-P-5 7.8% 14.8% 5.9% 10.4% 0.9% 60.2% J-P-6 18.5% 53.9% 8.1% 4.7% 11.0% 3.8% J-P-7 66.9% 13.1% 4.3% 11.5% J-P-8 1.1% 1.9% 0.2% 96.9% J-P-8-1 89.3% 10.7% J-P-9 0.1% 89.2% 10.7% J-P-10 20.1% 60.7% 9.6% 1.3% 0.1% J-P-10-1 34.6% 60.4% 5.0% J-P-10-2 21.6% 63.1% 9.5% J-P-11 100.0% J-P-12 100.0% J-P-13 0.2% 99.8% J-P-14 100.0% J-P-15 32.1% 8.4% 1.2% 58.3% J-P-15-1 100.0% J-P-15-2 59.9% 35.0% 5.1% J-P-16 100.0% J-P-16-1 100.0% J-P-17 100.0% J-P-18 94.6% J-P-19-1 100.0% J-P-19-2 100.0% J-P-19-3 3.7% 96.3% J-P-20 100.0% J-P-20-1 100.0% J-P-21 0.1% 84.5% 15.2% J-P-21-1 1.9% 16.6% 81.5% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-49 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table I Summary of hydrogeological classes exposed for all Jbeil roads Probable Flows of the Instantaneous Transmissivity Geology Class Groundwater sheets Lithology Age Sources Flows of the Works m2/Sec L/sec. L/sec. Massive limestone and Jurassic <100 dolomitic limestone with 1 Bathonien- 100-1000 >100 interval marls Thickness: >1000 Portlandien >1000 m. In Karstic Formations Cretaceous <100 Limestone regularly bedding Generally, high 2 Wide And Rich Water Cénomanien- 100-1000 >100 Thickness: 800 à 1000 m. 10-2 ≤ T ≤ 1 Table Turonien >1000 Limestone Cretaceous 100-1000 3 and marly limestone beds of >100 Turonien >1000 flint Thickness: ~ 200m. IN POROUS FORMATIONS Silt Water Table Diffuse Poor with weak very 9 and "terra rossa" Thickness: 600 Quaternary <10 Extended Discharge changing m. Sandstone Thickness Cretaceous 10-5 ≤ T ≤ 10-4 10 <10 <10 Local or : 150 à 250 m. Grès De Base Poor with weak Discontinuous Water Table Detachments gravel slopes and 11 Quaternary _ <10 Poor with weak mud flows. Thickness: variable Alternations of clay-sandy, <5 Cretaceous 16 limestone beds and marl (Sources <5 Weak with very weak Areas Generally Without Aptien_Albien Thickness: 300 to 400 m. intermittent) Water Table or a Very Local Water Table Cretaceous Inf. 22 Basalt of variable thickness Miocene Pliocene _ Very weak Very weak Quaternary TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-50 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table J Percentage distribution of the hydrogeological classes over the length of each road in Jbeil Caza 9: Quaternary 10: Cretaceous 11: Quaternary 1: Jurassic 2: Cretaceous 3: Cretaceous 16: Cretaceous 22: Basalts Non Road Name Low - Semi Low - Semi Low - Semi Aquifer Aquifer Aquifer Non-Aquifer Aquiferous Aquifer Aquifer Aquifer JP-1 84% 2% 2% 10% 2% JP-2 97% 2% J-P-3 r1 17% 82% 1% J-P-3-1 17% 82% 1% J-P-3-2 94% 5% 1% J-P-4 14% 78% 8% J-P-5 17% 82% 1% 0% J-P-6 11% 65% 24% J-P-7 10% 8% 59% 22% J-P-8 97% 1% 1% J-P-8-1 100% J-P-9 99% 1% J-P-10 17% 80% 3% 1% J-P-10-1 100% J-P-10-2 89% 1% 10% J-P-11 100% J-P-12 100% J-P-13 99% 1% J-P-14-1 100% J-P-14-2 100% J-P-15 100% J-P-15-1 100% J-P-15-2 100% J-P-16 100% J-P-16-1 100% J-P-17 100% J-P-18 99% 1% J-P-19-1 100% J-P-19-2 100% J-P-19-3 100% J-P-20 100% J-P-20-1 100% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-51 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners J-P-21 99% 1% J-P-21-1 100% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-52 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure A General hydrogeological map of the Jbeil cadastral limits and Caza TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-53 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table K Existing surface water with respect to assessed roads (rivers and springs) Road Name River Location Spring Crosses Nahr Ibrahim in El Mejdel Close to Ain EL Safra, Ain EL Hissan, and J-P-1 village Afka spring in Afka at 1,200m elevation J-P-2 Crosses Nahr Ibrahim in Afka village - J-P-3 Parallel to Nahr Ibrahim <260m - Crosses Nahr Ibrahim in Adonis et J-P-3-1 - Sannour J-P-3-2 >600m away from Nahr Ibrahim - Crosses Khalaf Spring in Qartaba Close to Zein Spring in Deir Mar Sarkis Crosses Nahr Ibrahim in El Mejdel J-P-4 village (<100m) village Close to El Toute Spring in Yanouh village (<50m) Crosses Wadi El Fidar in Almate El J-P-5 - Chemaliat Close to several springs in Mazraet el Siyad J-P-6 >1km away from Nahr Ibrahim <90m Crosses Nahr Ibrahim in Akoura Close to several springs in Akoura and J-P-7 village crosses Ain Al Daia spring J-P-8 Parallel to Wadi Fidar closest at <210m - J-P-8-1 - - Close to Wadi Mouhnane in Jbeil J-P-9 - <200m J-P-10 - Crosses Al Kassis Spring in Akoura village J-P-10-1 - - J-P-10-2 - - Crosses Wadi Mouhnane in Berket J-P-11 - Hejoula and Hejoula J-P-12 - - Parallel to Wadi Mouhnane and less J-P-13 than 90m close in Hbeline and - Chamate J-P-14 Crosses Wadi Mouhnane in Obeidate - J-P-15 and 15-1 and 15-2 - - Crosses Wadi Bacchta in Ghalboune J-P-16 village and less than 90m close to Wadi - Mouhnane in Chamate J-P-16-1 - - Crosses Wadi Bacchta in Amchit J-P-17 - village J-P-18 and 19-1 - - J-P-19-2 Crosses Wadi Bacchta in Hakel village - J-P-19-3, 20, and 20-1 - - Crosses Wadi Fidar in Mastita - Wadi J-P-21 Mouhnane and Wadi Bacchta in - Amchit Very close to Wadi Madfoun (<40m) in J-P-21-1 - Fghal village TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-54 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure B General surface water and layout map of the Jbeil Caza TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-55 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table L Summary of land surface temperature variation and precipitation at the project area (period extending between 2000-2018) extracted and analyzed from MODIS satellite 1km spatial resolution Precipitation Min Temp (oC) Mean Temp (oC) Max Temp (oC) Month (mm) Low Middle High Low Middle High Low Middle High Low Middle High 1 189 204 212 8 1 -2 11 6 3 14 8 7 2 171 193 212 8 1 -1 12 6 3 15 8 8 3 124 155 168 9 3 1 14 8 6 17 12 11 4 51 58 62 12 6 4 17 13 10 21 17 16 5 21 22 21 15 9 7 21 16 14 24 21 21 6 1 2 2 18 12 10 24 20 18 27 24 24 7 1 1 1 20 14 12 26 22 20 29 27 27 8 1 1 1 21 14 12 26 23 21 30 28 28 9 3 4 4 19 12 11 24 20 18 29 25 25 10 50 49 51 17 10 7 22 17 15 26 22 21 11 117 114 120 13 6 4 18 12 9 21 15 14 12 167 168 170 10 3 0 14 8 5 16 10 10 Total min avg max 896 971 1,024 8 1 -2 19 14 12 30 28 28 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-56 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure C Distribution of air pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in the troposphere above the Lebanese border average from year 2018 up to January 2022 (data retained from Sentinel-5 precursor/TROPOMI Level 2 Product TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-57 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table M Main natural habitats encountered along the assessed roads in Jbeil Caza The biogeographic region ranges from the Thermo-Mediterranean near the coast to the Eu-Mediterranean and Supra-Mediterranean at Ehmej level and Mountainous zone at the level of Laqlouq. The altitudinal range plays an important role in plant composition (Abi Saleh, 1996). Thermo-Mediterranean zone comprises at the sea level a coastal belt sheltering plant communities reflecting the beach habitat and consist at higher altitude of mainly Carob-lentiscus series and Quercus calliprios thermophilous series. The Supra-Mediterranean zone is characterized by a series of vegetation that are found on limestone substrata. The series of Quercus calliprinos, the series of Quercus infectoria; the series of Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus series; the Pinus pinea and Pinus brutia found on sandstone. Whereas, Mediterranean mountains are characterized by different forest groupings, quite rich and quite specialized floristically. Mainly cedar and fir trees are associated with varied deciduous oak trees that can also exist in scattered stand from particular subseries. LULC analysis Field observations Dense forest of Oak and mixed low-density forest Oak forests and woodlands Bare rocks and outcrops Bare rocks in garrigue Rocky outcrops Shrubland with scattered trees and scrubland Open garrigue vegetation Stony shrubland Grassland of medium density Grasslands used for agriculture and forage (croplands) Olives, field crops in small fields/terraces, deciduous Olive groves (Olea europaea), fruit terraces and fruit trees polytunnels Low and Medium density urban fabric Rural settlements and urbanized areas TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-58 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure D Road J-P-3/ Section-1-Okay forests Figure E J-P10 Oak maquis Figure F Rocky Habitats along JP2 Figure G J-P-9 Open rocky garrigue Figure H BNR adjacent to JP11 Figure I Rich Pine forest along JP3-1 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-59 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table N Percentage distribution of the LULC classes over the length of each road in Jbeil Caza J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- J-P- LULC/Road Name JP-1 JP-2 3 r1 3-1 3-2 4 5 6 7 8 8-1 9 10 10-1 10-2 11 12 13 14-1 14-2 15 15-1 15-2 16 16-1 17 18 19-1 19-2 19-3 20 20-1 21 21-1 Banana 7% 6% Bare Rocks 23% Beaches Deciduous fruit trees 31% 40% 6% 17% 9% 48% 5% 49% 6% 6% 19% 12% 6% 15% 19% 15% Dense forest of Oaks 88% 94% 90% 85% 90% 87% 88% 47% (Quercus ssp) Field crops in large areas 10% 22% 17% 7% 7% 7% 12% 8% 17% Field crops in small 7% 14% 12% 33% 16% 5% 6% fields/terraces Grasslands of medium 14% 17% 7% 81% 79% 57% 94% 15% 10% 7% 12% 8% 16% 30% density Low density oak forest 28% 7% 9% 17% 9% 81% 85% 38% 20% 6% 18% 18% 29% 53% 8% Low-density urban fabric 7% 27% 8% 33% 6% 24% 10% 10% 8% 17% Material Extraction Sites 15% Medium density urban fabric 84% 18% 11% 12% Mixed low density forests 21% 45% 10% Olives 14% 21% 31% 10% 58% 11% 5% 19% Outcrop 87% 5% 7% 17% Protected agriculture 19% Shrublands 5% 6% 8% 6% 5% Shrublands (with scattered 6% 12% 29% 19% 10% 26% 19% 23% 9% 11% 8% 35% 20% 73% 10% 9% 6% trees) Urban sprawl on dense forest 6% Urban sprawl on field crops 5% Urban sprawl on permanent 9% crops Urban vacant land 7% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-60 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table O Particular biotopes and natural habitats along the assessed roads Distance from Nature Reserves, Vegetation zone Road Protected Areas (PAs), Important %LULC along the Elevation (Abi Saleh & Safi, Characteristics of Natural Habitats Name Bird Areas (IBAs), valleys and road (50 m buffer) 1996). rivers • Rocky outcrops provide habitat for a range of unique plants and animals. Also, characterized by one of the most important floral communities, with many endemics or rare • Crosses Nahr Ibrahim river in species. Among the important flora that were Supra- Afka village. recorded/potentially present in the study area: Centaurea 1,350- Mediterranean and J-P-2 ✓ Nahr Ibrahim is under the 87% Outcrop speciosa, Phagnalon kotschyi, Staehelina lobelia, and 1,800 Mediterranean protection of the MoE, Thalictrum orientale Mountains Deicion No. 34/1997) • Riparian thickets were recorded along the road segment that intersects with Nahr Ibrahim river including Salix spp, Juglan regia, Celtis australis and shrubby vegetation namely Rubus hedycarpus • Road bordered by Oak (Quercus calliprinos) woodlots on • Crosses Nahr Ibrahim river in compact limestone Adonis et Sannour • A dense pine forest (Pinus brutia) stretches up the valley ✓ Nahr Ibrahim is under the (above Nahr Ibrahim river)—a quasi-pure coniferous forest, protection of the MoE, Thermo-and Eu- with a rich understory Deicion No. 34/1997) 94 % Dense Forest J-P-3-1 300-800 Mediterranean • Riparian thickets were recorded along the road segment that ✓ Nahr Ibrhim valley- of Oaks zones intersects with Nahr Ibrahim river including Oriental Plane constitutes a dynamic hideout for numerous (Platanus orientalis) together with smaller tree and shrub species including Mediterrnean buckthorn (Rahmnus reptiles, mammals, and alaternus), and Oriental Alder (Alnus orientalis) were birds recorded in the study area. • Crosses Nahr Ibrahim in Akoura Supra- • Riparian thickets bordering the segment of the road that village Mediterranean 79 % Grasslands intersects with Naher Ibrahim river J-P-7 • Close to several springs in 1250-1750 zone and of medium density • Grasslands (must be restored) Akoura and crosses Ain Al Daia Mediterranean mountains • Overgrazed Grasslands spring • Mediterranean oak woodland, dominated by the evergreen • Close to Wadi Mouhnane in oak species Quercus calliprinos, with a scattering of Jbeil <200m deciduous oak Quercus infectoria and other tree species Thermo and Supra- • Close to forest area in Kfar 95% Dense forests including Strawberry Tree (Arbutus sp.) J-P-9 100-1100 Mediterranean Kaouass - Breige - Ras-Osta of Oak • Mediterranean maquis that constitute a dynamic hideout for zones villages (<90m) between 500m numerous reptiles, mammals, and birds. to 650m • Open garrigue vegetation, discontinuous bushy associations of the Mediterranean calcareous plateaus. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-61 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners • The majority of this road (80%) is located within rural area, • Crosses Al Kassis Spring in • 57 % bordered by grasslands (overgrazed grasslands) and Supra- Akoura village Grasslands of guarrige vegetation (rocky guarrigue). Further, an Oak Mediterranean J-P-10 • Close to forest area in Ehmej medium 1100-1850 zone and Forest (mixed forest of Quercus calliprinos intermixing village(<90m) at 1,250m density with Quercus infectoria) was recorded in Ehmej less than Mediterranean elevation- and J-P-10-1 is 10m • 27% bare 90m and 10 m away from j-p-10 and JP-10-1, respectively. mountains away from the same forest. rocks • Rocky outcrops at higher altitude Laqlouq and Akoura were recorded. These habitats are high density spot for reptiles. • The road is bordered by dense oak forests (Quercus calliprinos) and Mediterranean bushy association in low altitudes dominated by Kermes Oak (Quercus calliprinos) and Calabrian Pine (Pinus brutia). • Other trees and shrubs encountered along the road are • Crosses Wadi Mouhnane in Umbrella pine (Pinus pinea), Aleppo oak (Quercus Berket Hejoula and Hejoula infectoria), Pistachio trees (Pistachio palestina), Strawbery • Crosses Bentael Natural Reserve trees (Arbutus andrachne), Laurel trees (Laurus nobilis) and in Bentael at 640m elevation Oleander trees (Nerium oleander), Spiny brunet (Poterium (reserve extends between 250 spinosum), and Throny-broom (Callicotome villosa) and 800 m of altitude absl). Eu-Mediterranean • 90 % Dense • The road crosses BNR, that reserve that consists of a mosaic J-P-11 ✓ Bentael Nature Reserve 550-1,200 and Supra- Forest of of ecosystems harboring two major forest types: an oak (BNR) was created by the Mediterranean Oaks (Quercus calliprinos) stand on compact limestone, limited Law No.11 on February, zones in the valley by the riparian forest and a planted pine forest 1999. managed by the (Pinus pinea) on sandstone. Bentael Nature Reserve • Birds believed potential in the studied habitat include the Committee under the European Honey-buzzards, White Pelicans, and Levant supervision of MoE. ✓ BNR is an IBA Sparrowhawks. These species were recorded in the study area by SPNL in Autumn 2006. This indicates clearly that BNR does hold some importance as a bottle-neck site for soaring birds. Further, Masked Shrike, Black-eared Wheatear and Western Rock Nuthatch are expected to breed at BNR (SPNL). Supra- Close to a forest patch in Mechmech 87 % Dense Forest 1,050- • The series of Quercus calliprinos, Quercus infectoria; and J-P-12 Mediterranean (<90m away) at 1,200m elevation of Oaks 1,250 Ostrya carpinifolia were recorded. zone TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-62 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table P Socio-economic data for Jbeil Caza Category Value Source Demographic Profile Population count 92,016 MoPH, 2016 Average number of people per 3.7 LFHLCS 2018-2019 household Registered births/year 1,466 MoPH, 2016 Distribution of registered births by Female 726 gender MoPH, 2016 Male 720 Registered deaths/year 609 MoPH, 2016 Distribution by age group <15 22,636 >65 8,926 MoPH, 2016 Active Population 60,454 Number of Displaced Syrians 8,377 MOE/EU/UNDP, 2014 Number of Displaced Palestinians 0 OCHA, 2016 Economic Conditions Unemployment rate 5% IDAL, 2019 Number of Lebanese above 69,933 OCHA, 2016 poverty line Number of deprived Lebanese 10,728 OCHA, 2016 Industrial activities 3.2% of total number of industries in MOI/UNIDO/ALI, 2010 Lebanon Lebanese above poverty line 69,933 OCHA, 2016 Deprived Lebanese 10,728 OCHA, 2016 Syrian refugees’ household below 64.8% VASYR, 2017 poverty line in Jbeil: Health Services Number of primary healthcare 2 MOPH, 2019 centers Number of Private Hospitals 2 MOPH, 2019 Number of Public Hospitals 1 MOPH, 2019 EDUCATION Number of public schools 23 CRDP, 2016 Number of private schools 22 CRDP, 2016 INFRASTRUCTURE Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Water wells 0.4% MOE/UNDP/ECODIT, 2011 Presence of water network 89% MOE/UNDP/ECODIT, 2011 Presence of wastewater network 9.5% MOE/UNDP/ECODIT, 2011 WWTPs in Jbeil, Kafr, Ain Kfaa, Haqel Availability of wastewater El Kharbe, Tartij, Laqlouk, Qartba FAO, 2016 treatment units Lassa, Yanouh, Qarqaiya Bchille ,Chloumay Ghalboun Solid Waste Infrastructure Collection services - Solid waste management facilities - EU/MoE/GFA, 2017 Number of dumpsites 1operationaldumpsite MoE/UNDP, 2017 (Volume=600,000 m3) Hbaline Religious Infrastructure International City/County Management Places of worship 371 Association (ICMA), 2011 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-63 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table Q Sensitive receptors recorded along Jbeil roads Road Name Sensitive receptors J-P-3 Don Bosco Public School <90m in El Hsoun J-P-3-1 Fransiscain School <5m in Adonis Qartaba public school <180m J-P-4 Church <100 in Qartaba Qartaba Government Hospital <40m J-P-5 Crosses Holy Church in Torzaya Saint Elie church in Akoura <50m J-P-7 Saint Georch church in Akoura <50m J-P-8 Mar Elias and Holy churches in Torzaya <30m J-P-8-1 Jbeil health services center <100m Hôpital Notre Dame des Secours <50m J-P-9 Breij church <60m Église Notre Dame de la Falaise <50m in Ehmej J-P-10 St Maroun and Disciples Church <20m in Akoura Ehmej Semipublic Elementary School <50m in Ehmej J-P-11 Saint Maroun and Charbel churches < 50m in Aanaya Chapelle Padre pio <80m in Mechmech J-P-12 Saint Maroun church <50m in Mechmech Mar Youssef Church crosses in Saki Rechmaya J-P-13 Beit Hbak Dispensary <90m House of Brother Estephan Nehme in Lehfed (crosses) J-P-14 Al Saydet El Athareya - Church in Lehfed <20m J-P-15-1 St Elias church in Lehfed <50m J-P-16 Crosses Saint Georges Church in Ghalboun J-P-17 Crosses Mar Dumit Church (Greek Orthodox) in Jeddayel J-P-18 Crosses Saint Rafka church in Maad J-P-19-1 Crosses Old twin church St Takla & Stephan in Chamat J-P-20 <50m Public School Maifouk Church st Mora <50m J-P-20-1 Our Lady of Ilige <50m in Maifouk TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-64 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table R Criteria considered in the weighted decision analysis for determination of the level of criticality of Jbeil roads Road Name Transmissivity River Spring LULC Social JP-1 H Crosses Near NC C JP-2 H Crosses N.A. C NC J-P-3 r1 H N.A. N.A. C NC J-P-3-1 H Crosses N.A. C NC J-P-3-2 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-4 H Crosses Crosses NC C J-P-5 H Crosses N.A. NC NC J-P-6 H N.A. Near NC NC J-P-7 H Crosses Crosses NC NC J-P-8 H N.A. N.A. C NC J-P-8-1 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-9 H Near N.A. C NC J-P-10 H N.A. Crosses NC NC J-P-10-1 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-10-2 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-11 H Crosses N.A. C NC J-P-12 H N.A. N.A. C NC J-P-13 H Near N.A. NC NC J-P-14 H Crosses N.A. C C J-P-15 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-15-1 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-15-2 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-16 H Crosses N.A. NC NC J-P-16-1 H N.A. N.A. NC C J-P-17 H Crosses N.A. NC NC J-P-18 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-19-1 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-19-2 H Crosses N.A. NC NC J-P-19-3 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-20 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-20-1 H N.A. N.A. NC NC J-P-21 H Crosses N.A. NC NC J-P-21-1 H Near N.A. NC NC Note:H: High N.A.: Not applicable Crosses: road crosses a river or spring Near: Road is <100m from a river or spring C: Critical NC: Not Critical TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-65 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Annex 3: Code of Conduct Individual CoC in Arabic TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-66 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Annex 4: Schematic illustration of the GRM Level 1 A written complaint or concern or An oral complaint or concern or suggestion is lodged to the site suggestion is lodged to the site engineer or manager engineer or manager Site manager or engineer should carry out the necessary actions to Must be written down by the site resolve the issue within a engineer or manager maximum period of one week Is the complainant satisfied with Yes the actions of the site engineer or Issue is resolved manager? No Level 2 The complainant brings the issue to the attention of the social specialist of the PIU The social expert should carry out the necessary actions to resolve the issue within a maximum period of two weeks Is the complainant satisfied with Yes the actions of the social specialist? Issue is resolved No Level 3 The complainant brings the issue to the attention of the Director of the PIU Director of the PIU should carry out the necessary actions to resolve the issue within a maximum period of two weeks TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-67 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Annex 5: Complaint Register Form Table S Complaints Registration Form Name Name of Date (optional), Complaint employer/ Date of the Corrective Type of of phone and issue and representative complaint Action Complaint close address of action taken notified of out Complainant complaint TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-68 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Annex 8: Plans and Procedures during Maintenance Activities Pollution Prevention Plan The Contractor shall prepare and abide by a Pollution Prevention Plan to ensure that pollution to air, water or land is prevented or, where this is not possible, reduced and mitigated as far as practicable during the construction phase. The Pollution Prevention Plan will be developed for managing: •liquid effluents •air emissions •noise and vibration •fuel, oil, and chemical storage and handling •hazardous, non-hazardous, and household waste handling, storage and final disposal •vehicle and equipment selection and maintenance Effluent Management Provisions •No effluent shall be discharged under any condition neither into water courses or bodies including surface water bodies nor to ground surface or infiltrated into subsoils •Install mobile porta-cabins and connect the generated wastewater from workers to the existing sewage network or to polyethylene tank •Empty the tank in the sewer network or into nearby operational wastewater treatment plants either by municipality-owned or contracted wastewater tankers Rainwater run-off Management Provisions •Install temporary structures to prevent runoff from reaching nearby water bodies •Remove base coarse and sand from active maintenance sites to prevent the transfer of suspended solids in rainwater •All platforms where generators or hydrocarbon storage tanks are installed have an impervious layer •Restrict excavation activities during periods of intense rainfall Atmospheric Emissions and Dust Management Provisions •Exercise care to minimize emissions of dust from its activities, including traffic, at work sites, in residential areas and on access roads. •Stop dust generating activities during windy weather especially in residential areas TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-69 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners •Where it is deemed that dust is impacting or may have an impact on human, plant or animal receptors or where dust may cause sedimentation of watercourses/water bodies or unacceptable levels of soil loss, water shall be applied to the area creating the dust •Control vehicle speeds to reduce traffic-induced dust dispersion and resuspension by setting and enforcing speed limits •Post speed limit signs in sensitive areas •Ensuring trucks hauling sand, dirt or other loose materials are covered (sheeting trucks) •Cover dusty stockpiles •Suspending topsoil stripping and replacement during strong winds •Using a dust collection system for bulk materials unloading •Ensure proper handling and storage of materials thus minimising the areas of stockpiled materials •When storage, transport and handling of bulk materials is made in the open air and exposed to the wind, necessary dust abatement measures shall be implemented •Regular maintenance of construction machinery, equipment and vehicles Spill Prevention and Management •Spill clean-up procedure to reduce the risks of accidental leakages •Carry out all re-fuelling in designated areas with impervious surfaces and guarantee no fuel spills •A spill collection tank must be installed under generators and specific equipment •All chemicals shall be stored in dedicated areas on a paved or sealed floor and in tightly closed containers and be protected from adverse weather conditions •Used oil or chemical must be stored in an appropriate area until it is collected and disposed in licensed sites •Use of secondary containment basins for long term storage of lubricants and fuels •Ensure that the plan is present at the construction site and that oil spill response kits are available •Ensure proper housekeeping conditions are maintained at the oil/chemical storage areas •Train all workers to implement this plan in case of accidental spillage Waste Management Plan TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-70 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners This plan shall be developed and implemented by the Contractor to manage the generated waste effectively. The plan shall include the following components: •Establish and maintain a waste register which is at the disposal of the Engineer. This register will record all waste management operations: production, collection, transport and disposal. Waste shall be categorized according to the following definitions: • Non-hazardous solid waste generated at maintenance sites and offices includes excess fill materials from grading and excavation activities, scrap wood and metals, and small concrete spills. Other non-hazardous solid wastes include office and kitchen wastes. • Hazardous solid waste includes contaminated soils, oily rags, used oil filters, used oil, as well as spill cleanup materials from oil and fuel spills •Waste shall be collected from each maintenance sites and from offices at the same rate that it is produced •All the waste materials generated at work sites and offices shall be segregated into domestic (organic/ paper and cardboard/ metals, glass and plastics) and hazardous waste and disposed into the color-coded containers (one for the disposal of organic waste, one for paper and cardboard and one for aluminium, glass and plastics) •The domestic waste containers shall be emptied 2 to 3 times per week by the municipality to maintain maintenance sites sanitation •Segregated recyclables shall be sent to recycling facilities in the area where possible •Reuse of excavation materials generated during cutting and filling activities whenever possible and disposal of remaining material in controlled disposal site to be identified by the contractor in coordination with the relevant municipality •Approval letters shall be obtained from the concerned municipalities for domestic and construction waste disposal •Reuse or recycle the generated waste whenever possible •Train workers on waste reduction procedures •Provide workers with nearby sanitation facilities and inform them about their location •The work zone shall be cleaned on a daily basis. Construction leftovers that are external to the working zone shall be removed regularly. Site housekeeping must be maintained Hazardous Materials Management Plan TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-71 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners A Hazardous Materials Management Plan will be developed for hazardous materials that pose a potential risk to human health or the environment and include cleaning chemicals, solvents and fuels. The plan shall include the following: •Fuel and hazardous chemicals/materials shall be stored in designated areas, except for quantities generated or required for the daily construction activities. •All fuel and hazardous chemical storage facilities shall be located on flat or gently sloping ground and shall be contained within a bund designed to contain at least 110% of the total capacity of the storage containers plus 10% of the aggregate tank volume within the containment area or as otherwise specified by regulatory requirements. The bund walls and floor shall be constructed of concrete or other suitably impermeable material. The filling connection must be within the bund. No drain valves or other connections through the bund walls shall be permitted. Tanks shall be fitted with a gauge to allow the fill level to be monitored during refilling and preferably with a high-level alarm. •Hydrocarbons, lubricants, paints, solvents and batteries are transported in drums to suitable waste management facilities, if available Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan An Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP) will be developed so that the Contractor is prepared to respond to accidental and emergency situations in a manner that prevents and mitigates harm to people and the environment. The EPRP needs to be discussed and disclosed to service providers and local affected communities prior to construction. The EPRP shall cover the following emergency situations as a minimum/; •Medical emergency •Fire or explosion; •Hazardous Material Spill or Release; The EPRP will identify •Accidents and emergency situations and the communities and individuals that may potentially be impacted •Response procedures, provision of equipment and resources, designation of responsibilities, communication systems and channels and periodic response training The Project will need to ensure that the Contractor shall TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-72 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners •Maintain fit-for-purpose Emergency Response Capability, which shall be clearly documented •Make contingency arrangements for calling a Doctor and transporting injured persons to hospital. The telephone numbers of the emergency services and the name, address and telephone number of the Doctor and the nearest hospital shall be prominently displayed in the Contractor´s office. •Ensure that all personnel are informed and aware of how to react in an emergency situation, and responsibilities are defined. Information and awareness training shall be documented, and available on all Project Areas •Organize and document emergency simulation exercises within 3 months of the physical start of the works, and subsequently once every 12 months Traffic Management Plan A Traffic Management Plan (TMP) will need to be developed by the main contractor. The TMP shall be a starting point for further discussion between the main contractor, local authorities and road agencies. The plan will include preventative measures to manage the risks from potential increases in traffic from construction activities including transportation of material and workers to and from the maintenance activity sites. In addition, it will include measures to protect workers and manage the risks from civilian traffic within close proximity to maintenance activities especially within residential areas. The TMP will be refined and updated as access routes are confirmed and the timing and type of abnormal loads become known. The TMP shall include the following: •Proposed program of works; •Details of key stakeholders; •Details regarding the proposed method of construction; •Proposed Temporary Traffic Control/ Management Plans (TTCP/ TMP); •Various traffic diversion plan layouts for various type of activities; •Diversion signs; •Regulatory signs; •Informative signs; •Analysis of impacted roads; •Risk Assessment; TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-73 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners •Proposed working hours; and •Protection of Work Zones and road users including pedestrians; The TMP shall be approved by the Consultant prior the execution of work. A special TMP shall be prepared regarding works on Highways. Noting that Works on Highways shall be minimized during Peak- Hours and maximized during off-peak hours, 7 days a week. Public Health and Safety Plan An effective Public Health and Safety Plan for construction shall include at least the following components: •Secure the site and restrict access to it •Prohibit unattended/unauthorized public access •No children are allowed to be present on the work site, reminding workers and community members of this in all related communications •Install barriers with warning lights at night around excavations, material dumps or other obstructions at the maintenance sites •Install warning signs for drilling and maintenance at the external part of the site and at a distance of 100 meters •Inform residents and place proper safety and diversion signs at sensitive areas within the project area (i.e. near schools, shops hospitals and agriculture areas) •Install pedestrian and vehicular passages near residential areas •Accidental oil spillage shall be well controlled •Make sure at least three sets of first aid kits are present on the construction site. •Access to hospitals should not be impeded at any time •Properly manage trucks and heavy machinery entering and exiting the construction site. •Training of heavy machinery drivers about road safety •Equip Project drivers with telephones for contacting the emergency services to enact the EPRP if necessary in case of emergency. •Keep stakeholders informed of maintenance schedule and abide by assigned timing •Manage the grievance mechanism through which community members can make complaints about project activities TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-74 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners •The community health and safety plan shall cross reference with other relevant management plans such as the TMP and EPRP. Local health care and emergency services shall be consulted in the development of the plan. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Plan In addition, the Contractor shall ensure the workers’ health and safety against possible accidents and injuries from the various maintenance activities. The plan shall include the following: •Hazard Identification and assessment including (Physical injuries from: Traffic accidents, Falling from moving vehicles, Loss of stability and overturning of equipment, Falling from height, Hit by construction materials, Slips, trips and falls, Electrical incidents, Burns from hot works, Health problems due to: Fumes and dust, Noise and vibration, Excessive manual handling, Disease outbreaks, Asphyxiation in confined spaces and Fire ) •OHS protection measures for the identified hazards •OHS protection measures for Unexploded Explosive Ordnance •Prevention and precaution measures for COVID-19 •Identify the mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used including hard hats, safety boots, reflective vest as well as specific PPEs •Identify and manage dangerous substances planned to be used on the project area •Work Permit System for Confined Space Entry, Hot Works, Excavation, Lifting, Working at Height, Handling of Hazardous Materials, and Electrical works •Safe Work Method Statements •Hazard communication •Emergency and Evacuation procedures •Accident and incident reporting and investigation The Contractor shall implement mitigation measures as per the Occupational Health and Safety Plan. Measures include but not limited to: •Personnel and visitors to maintenance activity areas shall be equipped with a safety helmet, safety shoes and a reflective jacket as a minimum. •Adequate quantities of PPE shall be available on the project areas and stored properly •Personnel shall be trained on how to use and care for PPE TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-75 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners •Conduct training and awareness meetings including correct use of PPE, health and safety procedures, and handling hazardous material containers and related wastes •Ensure refreshing training session on occupational health and safety measures is conducted on a monthly basis •Ensure that supervision, directly in charge of construction activities, fully brief and discuss with Personnel HS Tool Box Talks at the start of each work day and prior to commencing new activities. These talks shall be conducted in a language understood by the workforce. A checklist shall be utilised for this purpose. At a minimum it shall include the following: Nature of the job, associated hazards, safe working methods to be adopted and requirements of the Permit to Work •Ensure a minimum of first-aid provisions on any work site, including: suitably stocked first-aid kits; a person, respectively an adequate number of staff appointed and trained to take charge of first-aid arrangements and ensure that staff and workers are informed about first-aid arrangements •Equip the project area with a communication system exclusively for the purposes of communication with the first aid services. Information on how to communicate with the first aid services shall be clearly indicated near the communications equipment •Collaborate with local health authorities and make arrangement with an appropriate number of local doctors, and/or nurses, hospitals and ambulance services to ensure that medical staff, first aid facilities, and ambulance service are available within the project area •Measures as per national guidelines published by WHO and Ministry of Public Health regarding COVID-19 prevention and quarantine procedures •Workplace inspections Chance Finds Procedure The chance find procedure is a project-specific procedure that identify actions necessary if previously unknown heritage resources, particularly archaeological resources, are unexpectedly encountered during project construction phase.A Chance Find Procedure will set out how chance finds associated with the project will be managed and will include the following requirements: •Notify relevant authorities (Directorate of General of Antiquities) of found objects or sites TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-76 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners •Fence the area of finds or sites to avoid further disturbance •Conduct an assessment of found objects or sites by cultural heritage experts in order to identify and implement actions consistent with the requirements of ESS8 and national legislation Train project personnel and project workers on chance find procedures TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-77 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-78 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Annex 7: Public Consultation Consulted NGOs Municipalities and NGOs were consulted at this phase of the project. The public consultation meeting covered REP planned (1) routine maintenance activities for primary roads in Jbeil Caza (the subject of this ESMP) and (2) rehabilitation of the remaining road in Jbeil Caza (Jbeil R3: Dmilsa - Bentael - Bhdaydat - Kafar – Kfoun). Consulted NGOs were targeted according to their position in Lebanon. They consist of two levels as follows: a) Local NGOs: they are specific to each Caza. Their mission is to address different concerns and issues among the local society including social, economic, gender equality, environment, poverty, women empowerment, etc. The name of the invited NGOs and their field of activity are presented in the table below. Those local NGOs may play a role of advocates to reduce projects’ social and environmental risks. Out of the invited local NGOs, only BNR committee attended the meeting. b) International NGOs: they are covering the whole country and their consultation will be applied to all the ESMPs of the REP. They provide relief and developmental aid to many developing countries. They support the society in responding to crises and helps people whose lives and livelihoods are shattered by conflict and disaster to survive, recover and gain control of their future. When the crisis in Syria erupted in early 2011, numerous International NGOs responded to the humanitarian crisis and worked directly with the Syrian in Lebanon by providing aid and responding to their critical situation. This ESMP consulted International NGOs (Anera, Acted, and DRC) to inform them about the Project, disseminate it, ask them to circulate its impacts and activities among Syrian and tell them that they can inquire about additional information and/or submit a complaint (if any) by contacting the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) Unit on 01980096 ext:317 or send an Email to rstephan@cdr.gov.lb or register by hand an official letter at the CDR. In Jbeil Caza, the total number of registered Syrian is 8,377 individuals (UNHCR, 2017). They were contacted through the International NGOs to seek their feedback about the Project. Accordingly, this ESMP did not receive any concern about the Project. Table T Consulted Local NGOs and their Activities Organization Phone Activities Number Young Women's 09-540500 Being the oldest volunteer movement for women and girls in Christian Association Lebanon, the YWCA aims to achieve social justice through Jbeil (YWCA) programs for community development. It prioritizes the advancement and greater participation of women at all levels of society. Frontiers’ Rights 01-383556 Ruwad was founded in 2014 after long years of advocacy work (Rouwad Houkouk) launched by its activists in 1999. The association defends the fundamental rights of marginalized groups in Lebanon, focusing on three areas: statelessness, right to asylum, and right to personal freedom, safety and non-refoulement (non-forced return to home country). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-79 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Bentael Nature Reserve 03-838982 Bentael Nature Reserve (BNR) was created by the Law No.11 on organization/Committee February 1999. In the absence of a proper Management team, the site is managed by the Bentael Nature Reserve Committee under the supervision of MoE. Table U Consulted International NGOs and their Activities NGO Name Contacts Intervention Sector(s) Comments ANERA Mrs. Dima Zayat • Children & Youth Mrs. Zayat received the Lebanon Deputy Country Director • Development Project information sheet T: 01382590 (ext: 105) • Education and explained that M: 70051813 • Relief Services recently Anera operations E: dzayat@aneralebanon.org • Water sanitation and in Lebanon have grown hygiene substantially to cope with the Syrian crisis. they have six offices throughout Lebanon. She welcomed the idea of the Project and will disseminate it across her organization. ACTED Mr. Jack French • Development Mr. French received the Deputy Country Director • Infrastructure & Project information sheet T: 01324331 Services and explained that M: 79160375 Rehabilitation ACTED is working with E: jack.french@acted.org • Labor & Syrian in Beirut and Livelihoods northern districts of • Shelter Mount Lebanon (Baabda, • Water sanitation and Metn, Keserwane and hygiene Jbeil), as well as in Akkar District. He welcomed the idea of the Project and will disseminate it across his organization. Danish Refugee Mr. Rickard Hartmann • Direct Assistance Mr. Hartmann Mr. French Council (DRC) Country Director • Protection received the Project T: 01339052 (ext: 201) • Shelter information sheet and E: rickard.hartmann@drc.ngo • Community explained that DRC is Empowerment and working with Syrian on Livelihoods many sectors in different locations across Lebanon including Beirut, Tripoli, Kobayat and Zahle. He welcomed the idea of the Project and will disseminate it across his organization. Photos: Jbeil Caza- Inclusive public participation meeting TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-80 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Public Participation meeting for Jbeil roads (December 14, 2021) Invitation letter: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-81 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-82 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Attendance sheet: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-83 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Jbeil Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-84 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners PowerPoint Presentation: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-85 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-86 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-87 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-88 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-89 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Jbeil Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-90 -