The Second Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Development Project (TIRP II) THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF WORKS AND TRANSPORT VULNERABLE GROUPS PLANNING FRAMEWORK (VGPF) October 26, 2023 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms...........................................................................................................................................4 List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................5 List of Photos .....................................................................................................................................5 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................6 1.1 Project Background .................................................................................................................6 1.2 Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF) for TIRP II .........................................................7 1.3 Objectives of VGPF ..................................................................................................................7 1.4 Justification for a VGPF for TIRP II Project..................................................................................8 1.4.1 Impacts Associated by the Project ............................................................................................8 1.4.2 Applicability of VGPF to TIRP II Project ......................................................................................8 1.4.3 Approach for preparation of the VGPF and Consultation ............................................................9 1.4.3.1 Desk Review............................................................................................................................9 1.4.3.2.1 Consultation at the Regional and District Levels ...................................................................9 1.4.3.2.2 Consultation with Village Local Leaders and VGs Traditional Leaders.................................... 10 1.4.3.2.3 Consultation at the Village Level ........................................................................................ 10 2.0 Policy and legal framework supporting vgs in tanzania ............................................................. 11 2.1 Tanzania National Policy and Legal Framework Supporting VGS ............................................... 11 3.0 Baseline of vulnerable groups and related social issues ............................................................ 14 3.1 The Identified Vulnerable Groups Along TIRP II Corridor.......................................................... 14 3.1.1 Indigenous Peoples Along the Project Alignment ..................................................................... 14 4.0 Key social economic activities performed near the project area ............................................... 15 4.1 Livestock Keeping .................................................................................................................. 15 4.2 Crop farming ......................................................................................................................... 15 4.3 Hunting and Gathering of Wild products (animals, fruits, and honey) ....................................... 15 4.4 Bee Keeping .......................................................................................................................... 16 5.0 Potential impacts of tirp ii project on vulnerable group residing along with the project area ..... 16 5.1 Potential Positive Benefits of the TIRP II Project ...................................................................... 16 5.1.1 Employment Opportunities .................................................................................................... 16 5.1.2 Social Network Along the Railway Line .................................................................................... 16 5.2 Potential Negative Impacts of the TIRP II Project ..................................................................... 17 5.2.1 Labor influx ........................................................................................................................... 17 2 5.2.2 Increase in Gender-Based Violence ......................................................................................... 17 5.2.3 Loss of Cultural Heritage ........................................................................................................ 17 5.2.4 Impact on the Indigenous Communities .................................................................................. 17 6.0 Strategies to address potential impacts on vulnerable groups .................................................. 17 6.1 Informed Consultation and Participation (ICP) Strategy for the Vulnerable Groups .................... 17 6.2 Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) ................................................................................. 18 6.3 Implementation of Grievance Redress (GRM) mechanism ........................................................ 18 7.0 Monitoring, evaluation and reporting ..................................................................................... 19 7.1 Monitoring and Evaluation ..................................................................................................... 19 7.2 Reporting .............................................................................................................................. 19 8.0 References ............................................................................................................................ 20 Annex 1: List of the consulted stakeholders........................................................................................ 21 3 Acronyms CERC Contingent Emergency Rapid Response CSOs Civil Society Organizations ESF World Bank Environmental and Social Framework ESS World Bank Environmental and Social Standards ESS7 World Bank Environmental and Social Standard Seven FGDs Focus Group Discussions FPIC Free and Prior Informed Consent GBV Gender-Based Violence GoT The Government of Tanzania GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HIV/AIDS Human Immune Deficiency Syndrome ICP Informed Consultation and Participation Strategy ILO International Labor Organization KIIs Key Informant Interviews LATRA Land Transport Regulatory Authority MGR Meter Gauge Railway PAICODEO Parakuiyo Pastoralists Indigenous Community Development Organisation PAPs Project Affected Person SEP Stakeholders Engagement Plan SIA Social Impact Assessment TASAF Tanzania Social Action Fund TIRP Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Development Project TRC Tanzania Railways Corporation UN United Nation VGPF Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework VGs Vulnerable Groups 4 List of Tables Table 1: Areas with Indigenous People are Found ............................................................................... 14 List of Photos Photo 1: Consultation meetings at Regional and District Levels ........................................................... 10 photo 2: Meeting with Local leaders and VGs Leaders......................................................................... 10 Photo 3: Public meeting with Maasai Community residing along the project corridor ........................... 10 List of Figures Figure 1: Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM).................................................................................. 19 5 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Project Background This Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF) has been prepared in line with National law and the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) Environmental and Social Standard Seven (ESS7) on vulnerable groups. This VGPF is for the rehabilitation of the central corridor of the Meter Gauge Railway (MGR) Line from Dar es Salaam to Shinyanga region via Isaka under the Second Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Development Project (TIRP-II). The Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Development Project (TIRP I) CREDIT NO. IDA: P54140-TZ was implemented by Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) on behalf of the Government of Tanzania (GoT) between July 2018 and completed in September, 2022 to improve railway transport in the central corridor between Dar es Salaam and Isaka (970 km) through infrastructure (track and bridges) improvement, installation of an electronic warrant system, procurement of rolling stock for block trains, and procurement of contract equipment Following the review of the achievement of the TIRP I, the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania (GoT) and the World Bank agreed to continue with the second phase of the project (TIRP II). TIRP II is focusing on strengthening the safety of infrastructure (railway track, bridges, and railway crossings), the safety of train operations (capacity and train control systems) and strengthen the institutional setup (updating of manuals, core values, and job descriptions) for cultivating a safety culture from Dar es Salaam to Shinyanga region via Isaka-970km. The proposed project will have three major components as follows. Component A: Strengthening of Railway Infrastructure and Support to Transport Studies. This component is proposed to strengthen the railway infrastructure to be able to safely carry 18.5-ton axle load between Dar es Salaam port and Isaka terminal, by upgrading 156 bridges, rehabilitating the Tabora - Isaka (130 km) section, and refurbishing the tracks to selected sections of about 350 km between Dar es Salaam and Tabora. Under this component, the project also plans to support improvement of safety at railway crossing areas in major towns of Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Dodoma and Tabora and implementation of intermodal terminals of Ilala and Isaka to facilitate loading and offloading of containers which could not be implemented during TIRP I due to budgetary limitations. Component B: The component is proposed to support (a) the analytical studies for design of flood control systems along the catchment area of the Kilosa - Gulwe - Igandu; (b) the establishment of PBC contracts to rehabilitate/improve the flood control ponds/reservoirs at the Kinyasungwe catchment area to reduce flooding of the Kilosa-Gulwe-Igandu railway section; and (c) the rehabilitation of railway track along the Kilosa - Gulwe - Igandu section. Further, under this component, Client support to conduct analytical studies and facilitate the implementation of Flood control reservoirs. Specifically, the project will directly support the ‘feasibility study and detailed design of flood relief structures (ponds /dams/reservoirs) at the Kinyasungwe catchment area’ The study will also help to quantify the flooding (flood modeling) of the catchment area of Kilosa –Gulwe–Igandu section and propose additional flood control measures to be considered as part of the Government program for effective flood control of the railway segment. 6 Second activities under this component will include supporting the technical assistance to key Government institutions and ministries for effective implementation of the flood control infrastructure and capacity strengthening for operations and maintenance Component C: Institutional Safety and Operational Support. The newly developed train control system is expected to be fully work in integration with active and commensurate Operation and Maintenances component (O&M), review and amendments of operational manuals, LATRA/TRC staff safety training and safety culture cultivation to match the increased sub-sector performances and operational targets in terms of line speed and traffic up to 70 KPH and1.2mn tons respectively. Component D: Contingent Emergency Rapid Response (CERC). This zero-dollar component will allow for swift reallocation of credit proceeds from the other components to provide immediate emergency recovery support following an eligible crisis or emergency. This CERC can be triggered for emergencies and/or disasters that affect the railway track along the Dar es Salaam – Isaka railway section. 1.2 Vulnerable Groups Planning Framework (VGPF) for TIRP II Vulnerable groups are those communities that meet the criteria of paragraph 8 of ESS7 on Indigenous People/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities. For the purposes of this VGPF, the terms “Vulnerable Groups (VGs)” and “communities meeting the criteria of ESS7” will be used interchangeably, to refer to groups covered under ESS7 and to which this VGPF applies. This VGPF is designed to ensure that the project activities are designed and implemented without adversely affecting the livelihoods and the culture of Vulnerable Groups (VGs). The framework also ensures that VGs receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, do not suffer adverse impacts due to the project, and where negative impacts are unavoidable, the project provides measures to minimize or mitigate those impacts. 1.3 Objectives of VGPF The objective of this VGPF is to ensure the implementation of TIRP II project consider the rights of Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities residing along the project corridor. This will be obtained by ensuring the ESS7 objectives are achieved whenever impacts on IP is identified. The project will adhere to the below ESS7 objectives in case it is triggered. ▪ To ensure that the development process fosters full respect for the human rights, dignity, aspirations, identity, culture, and natural resource-based livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities. ▪ To avoid adverse impacts of projects on Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities, or when avoidance is not possible, to minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for such impacts. ▪ To promote sustainable development benefits and opportunities for Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities in a manner that is accessible, culturally appropriate, and inclusive. ▪ To improve project design and promote local support by establishing and maintaining an ongoing relationship based on meaningful consultation with the Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African 7 Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities affected by a project throughout the project’s life cycle. ▪ To obtain the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) of affected Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities in the three circumstances described in this ESS, if applicable. ▪ To recognize, respect, and preserve the culture, knowledge, and practices of Indigenous Peoples/ Sub- Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities, and to provide them with an opportunity to adapt to changing conditions in a manner and in a period acceptable to them. 1.4 Justification for a VGPF for TIRP II Project 1.4.1 Impacts Associated by the Project According to ESS7, within Tanzania Vulnerable Groups (VGs) include pastoralists and hunter’s gatherer communities that include: the Hadzabe, Akie, Sandawe, Maasai and Barabaig. Based on the characteristics and criteria for Vulnerable Groups provided under ESS7, it appears that the following communities in Tanzania could be present in relation to where the TIRP II traversed: the Maasai, Barbaig, Taturu, and Sandawe, who are found in Coast, Morogoro, Dodoma, Singida and Tabora Regions ESS7 set out the criteria for Vulnerable Groups (“Indigenous Peoples/Sub -Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities” as follow. ▪ Self-identification as members of a distinct Indigenous social and cultural group and recognition of this identity by others. ▪ Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats, ancestral territories, or areas of seasonal use or occupation, as well as to the natural resources in these areas. ▪ Customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are distinct or separate from those of the mainstream society or culture; and ▪ A distinct language or dialect, often different from the official language or languages of the country or region in which they reside. The same criteria have been applied in the identification of IP groups residing in the TIRP II project area. The identified IP groups might be potentially impacted directly or indirectly by TIRP II project. Throughout implementation of the project, consultation and information sharing to the IP groups will be maintained in cultural appropriate way. Project will ensure sharing of project benefits such as business and employment opportunities to the IP residing along the project corridor. Any negative impact that will be identified at the later stage will be documented and managed as per ESS7 requirement. This vulnerable group framework is prepared at this stage due the fact that the project design is not yet finalized, and it is not possible to identify all the impacts that might be caused by the project. 1.4.2 Applicability of VGPF to TIRP II Project Currently, it appears that ESS7 is not triggered although during project implementation an IP plan will be developed based on identified project impacts. Mitigation measures in line with ESS7 objectives will be put in place. In terms of FPIC, (a) a large part of the project activities (component A and component B does not have impacts on land and natural resources owned by IP traditionally or customary use or occupation due to 8 the fact that the implementation will be in the existing railway line, but only for component B which will include dams/pond constructions. Anticipated impacts will be on land and natural resources owned by IPs traditionally or customary. So far, no impacts identified in terms of cultural heritage, identity, ceremonial, or spiritual aspects. In case impacts on any aspect including cultural, spiritual, ceremonial identified, a FPIC process will be applied through the following procedures. ▪ Identification of appropriate representation of the community by members who have authority to make decision (s) on behalf of others. Example chiefs, councilors of Elderly or any selected by the majority. ▪ Particular attention will be given to vulnerable groups such as person with disability/ chronic illness, youth, women, poor and Elderly. ▪ Good faith negotiations between parties will be practiced and negotiation will be conducted as per following processes. o VG’s participation willingness at reasonable times and frequency o Sharing of relevant information with informed negation o Mutual acceptance of procedures for negation o Willingness to change initial positions and modify offers where possible. o Provision of sufficient time for the process. ▪ TRC will inform the Bank on the agreed process. ▪ Proper documentation of the FPIC process and outcomes will be maintained. 1.4.3 Approach for preparation of the VGPF and Consultation Methodology for preparation of VGPF involved detailed literature review and consultations with the different stakeholders as described below. 1.4.3.1 Desk Review Different documents were reviewed to gain a deeper understanding regarding vulnerable groups as per National and International guidance. Among the reviewed documents are Environmental & Social Framework - ESS7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities, Guidance Note Tanzania - Vulnerable Groups Impact Evaluation Household Survey 2008, (TASAF II), Round 1, and other relevant VGPF documents prepared in Tanzania for World Bank projects. 1.4.3.2 Consultations with and Stakeholders Consultations with key stakeholders were conducted in regions, districts, and villages where the project will traverse. The essence of these consultations was to share information with them and solicit their opinion and support for the project. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with Regional and District officials, open meetings with local leaders, public meetings with vulnerable groups were conducted. These consultations were conducted from 27th May to 14th June 2023. Consultation topics, the asked questions and the responses have been presented in table 1. 1.4.3.2.1 Consultation at the Regional and District Levels Meetings with government officials at the Regional and District levels were conducted to get their views regarding the project including the existence and inclusion of the vulnerable groups along the project 9 alignment. List of the consulted stakeholders is attached in annex 1. Photos 1 show some of the conducted consultation sessions with Regional and District officials. Consultation topics, the asked questions and the responses have been presented in table 1. Photo 1: Consultation meetings at Regional and District Levels 1.4.3.2.2 Consultation with Village Local Leaders and VGs Traditional Leaders Meetings with village leaders and VG’s traditional leaders were held before public meeting with the entire vulnerable group members. These meetings were conducted purposely to ensure leaders and the consultation team is well aligned with consultation objectives. Consultation topics, the asked questions and the responses have been presented in table 1. 10 photo 2: Meeting with Local leaders and VGs Leaders 1.4.3.2.3 Consultation at the Village Level Public meetings with vulnerable groups were conducted to share project information to IP groups and understand their views and concerns regarding the project. The discussed issues were related to safety, provision of crossings and inclusion of IPs in project benefits. Consultation topics, the asked questions and the responses have been presented in table 1. Photo 3: Public meeting with Maasai Community residing along the project corridor 11 Table 1: Consultation topics, the asked questions and the responses Topic of the Consulted The questions that were Stakeholders responses consultations stakeholders asked Project • Officials at • Are we conversant Members responded that they are aware with the introduction the Regional, with Meter Gauge MGR line and TIRP I project as they had been District and Railway (MGR) line? consulted several time during project implementation Village level • Are we aware with • Indigenous Tanzania Intermodal communities Railways Project (TIRP I) that was implemented 2018? (NB: TRC officials to explain to them about TIRP II which has not yet started) Existence of • Officials at • Do we have • Regional and District officials from respective indigenous the Regional, indigenous geographical areas confirmed for the presence of communities District and communities in this indigenous communities (i.e. the Maasai, Barbaig, Village level area? Taturu & Sandawe) in their areas with an estimated • If YES, what type of population of 30051 members tribe do exist? • What is the estimated population? The main • Officials at • Do these communities • It was explained that these communities are living activities the Regional, living/perform their and perform their livelihood activities far away from performed by District and livelihood activities the MGR line but sometime they do cross the line the IPs Village level close along the Meter once they are searching for pastures for their • Indigenous Gauge Railways? livestock. communities • What is/are the main • The main activities performed are; livestock keeping, activities performed crop farming, hunting and gathering of wild products by these indigenous (animals, fruits, and honey), and bee keeping groups? Project • Officials at Probing question ( TRC to • Regional and District officials pointed out that the opportunities the Regional, explain how the TIRP II project could have several negative impacts to and impacts District and activities will be indigenous communities such as limited access to Village level undertaken and then the current crossings, risks of social conflicts, • Indigenous explain about MGR increase gender-based violence, increase of communities efficiency level after the communicable disease, and increased traffic and completion of TIRP II raise of road accidents. project. For example the • The following were recommended to be done to increases of train speed ). minimize the project impacts to the indigenous Then to ask the following communities; questions: • Ongoing engagements with the indigenous • For your views, what communities should be maintained throughout are the potential project implementation phases. Through this their negative impacts of views will be raised out 12 Topic of the Consulted The questions that were Stakeholders responses consultations stakeholders asked the project specifically • TRC must ensure the raised issues by the indigenous to indigenous communities are timely responded/implemented communities • Safety signs along/close to the project area should • What should be done be considered especially in areas where indigenous to ensure the communities cross to search for pasture indigenous • Crossings should be allocated by considering communities are not livestock routes adversely impacted by • Awareness campaigns on health and safety should the project be frequently conducted construction • Employment priority should be provided to activities? communities in the project corridor including the indigenous communities Key Issues Raised During Consultation with Vulnerable Groups (VGs) VGs viewed the project as a key development project for Tanzania and the areas through which the TIRP II will pass. A summary of key issues raised during consultation with VGs is presented in table 2 Table 2: Summary of Key Issues Key Issues and TRC Responses concern of VGs VGs requested to be TRC representative explained that one of the benefits of the project is equal employment considered in employment opportunities. Nevertheless, once the phase II project commence, the Contractor will opportunities during provide employment requirements to the villagers through their local administration. project implementation. VGs needed to know • The project will improve the transportation of crops, and livestock to the market centers about opportunities • Economic growth associated with TIRP II • Increase of employment opportunities project • Provision of corporate social responsibilities such as building of school, church, mosque, and other related community facilities • Specific strategy for VGs engagement will be developed and implemented throughout VGs needed to know project implementation. Through this, the VGs issue related with the project will be about the mitigation addressed immediately measures (specific • Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be effectively implemented measures for VGs) that • VGs will be consulted regarding crossings allocation will be place during the • Safety signs along/close to the project area should be considered especially in areas implementation of TIRP II where indigenous communities cross to search for pasture project • Employment priority will be provided to communities in the project corridor including the indigenous communities • Awareness campaigns on health and safety will be frequently conducted 2.0 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING VGs IN TANZANIA 2.1 Tanzania National Policy and Legal Framework Supporting VGS The 1977 Constitution of Tanzania (last amended in 2005), recognizes the principle of non-discrimination (expressed as the right to equal treatment) for all regardless of ethnicity or any other characteristic. However, the Constitution also includes more substantive provisions of equality (equality of opportunity, 13 arts. 22[2] and 13[5]), which does not preclude ameliorative measures (or affirmative action) to remedy the conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups. This is explicitly reflected in artic le 13(5): “For the purposes of this Article…the word “discrimination” shall not be construed in a manner that will prohibit the Government from taking purposeful steps aimed at rectifying disabilities in the society.” The Constitution therefore allows for “special treatment” as it is recognized that the principle of equal treatment sometimes requires ameliorative action to address disadvantage. As underserved traditional local communities are, as ESS7 notes, “among the most economically marginalized and vulnerable segments of the population, and their economic, social and legal status frequently limits their capacity to defend their rights to, and interests in, land, territories and natural and cultural resources, and may restrict their ability to participat e in and benefit from development projects,” this constitutional provision supports potential ameliorative action to advance equality of opportunity. This is fundamental to the aims of inclusive development and inclusive growth, and is consistent with the objectives of ESS7 Seen in this light, ESS7 can be positioned to give full expression to the guarantees of equality and the Government’s commitment to the principles of democracy and social justice (art. 8[1]), accountability (art. 8c), popular sovereignty (art. 8a), participation (art. 8d or “promoting democratic and popular participation of social groups” in Development Vision 2025), human dignity (art. f), and respect for human rights (art. 9a, also in MKUKUTA II, section 2.4.6). In addition, GoT’s primary objective is to provide for the “welfare of the people” (art. 8b), including prioritizing national expenditures “on the development of the people” and in particular is geared towards the eradication of poverty, education, and health” (art. 9i). This is aligned with ESS7 to improve access to essential services and decision-making, to achieve equality, and tackle poverty for those traditional communities who are disadvantaged, vulnerable and underserved as a result of their relationship to and reliance on their natural environment and traditional livelihoods for all aspects of their physical, cultural, and material well-being Furthermore, democratic, and social justice principles (art. 8 [1] in the Constitution) refers to values that favor actions which decrease or eliminate inequity, promote inclusiveness, establish environments that are supportive of all people, and are fundamental to the goals of social inclusion and social development. These constitutional principles underlie the aims of the Development Vision 2025: to close the inequality gap to attain “a high quality livelihood for all Tanzanians;” to achieve “an inclusive and sustainable growth and shared benefits”; “a competitive economy capable of producing sustainable growth and shared benefits”; as well as achieving goals such food security, universal primary education, eradication of illiteracy, gender equality and the empowerment of women in all socio-economic and political relations and cultures; access to quality primary health care for all; access to quality reproductive health services, universal access to safe water, and absence of abject poverty. Again, this in line with addressing the substantive development and inclusion aims of ESS7, which is to improve access to services, well-being, and shared prosperity for disadvantaged communities, and those who may be doubly disadvantaged or marginalized in such communities (such as women, persons with disabilities, elderly and others) who are dependent on their natural environment for their cultural, social, physical and material well-being. Although Tanzania voted in favor of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007, it has not prepared any policy or legislation to specifically favor Indigenous Peoples. The implementation of 14 TIRP II will benefit from a diversity of national policies and legislations that reflect on the interests of the communities meeting the criteria of ESS7 and the provisions of ESS7. The Tanzania national policies and legislation that reflect on the interests of communities meeting the criteria of ESS7 are: i. The National Land Policy of 1995 which advocates for equitable distribution and access to land by all citizens and aims at ensuring that existing rights in land especially customary rights of small holders such as peasants and herdsmen who form the majority of the country’s population are recognized, clarified, and secured by law. Under the policy framework, land is to be put to its most productive use to promote rapid social and economic development and hence provision of livelihoods to VGs is guaranteed. TIRP II implementation will abide to the policy through all stages of its projects preparation. ii. The National Human Settlement Policy of 2000 whose two among its 14 main objectives of “making available the serviced land for shelter and human settlement development in general to all sections of the community including women, youth, the elderly, disabled and vulnerable communities” and “improving the level of provision of infrastructure and social services for sustainable human settlement development” are of relevance to the TIRP II. TIRP II will abide to the policy and ensure that no individual, including the VGs is left without a settlement during and after the implementation of the program. iii. The Agriculture and Livestock Policy of 1997 whose main objective is to promote and ensure a secure land tenure system to encourage optimal use of land resources and facilitate broad based social and economic development without upsetting or endangering the ecological balance of the environment. The TIRP II will have to put up tools to protect the land use plan within the implementation projects sites so as to protect the rights of hunters, gatherers, livestock keepers, and specific use endowed to the VGs. iv. The National Gender Policy of 2002 whose main objective is to provide guidelines to ensure gender sensitive plans, programs and strategies in all sectors and institutions are adhered to in favor of the VGs. This enables gender equality-based strategies on poverty eradication through ensuring that both women and men get equal access to existing resources for their development and underscoring the significant role played by women in bringing about development within the society. TIRP II will ensure gender equality and easy availability of resources to the VGs through putting up gender adherence plans within the projects’ Environmental and Social Ma nagement Plans. v. Law of the Child Act No 21 of 20th November 2009 calls for reforms and consolidation of laws relating to children, stipulates rights of the child and promotes, protects and maintains the welfare of a child in conjunction with international and regional conventions on the rights of the child; provides for affiliation, foster care, adoption and custody of the child; further regulate employment and apprenticeship as it pertains to the child and makes provisions with respect to a child in conflict with law and provides for related matters. vi. The National Policy on HIV/AIDS of 2001 whose main goal is to provide guidance for coordination of the national multi-sectoral response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and call for formulation, by all sectors, of appropriate interventions which will be effective in preventing transmission of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections, protecting and supporting the poverty stricken VGs through mitigation of the social and economic impact of HIV/AIDS during the TIRP II 15 implementation which will increase people movement into and out of the projects’ site areas from HIV/AIDs prevalence and foreign areas resulting into increased transmissions of the pandemic. vii. The Land Act No 4 and 5 of 1999 whose Cap. 113 , recognizes three categories of land as general, village and reserved and un derscores the ‘hazard land’ whose development might lead to environmental damage, for example wetlands, mangrove swamps and coral reefs, steep lands and other areas of environmental significance or fragility. Nonetheless, the Act also recognizes customary tenure as of equal status to granted rights of occupancy and allows livestock keepers to own pasture lands either individually or in groups. Importantly, the land act promotes gender equality by recognizing equal access to land ownership and use by all citizens -men and women and giving them equal representation on the land committees. TIRP II will be implemented in accordance with the act and through site specific-prepared Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) where applicable. Land right of the VGs will be protected throughout the project’s life cycle. viii. The National Climate Change Strategy of 2012 whose goal is to enable Tanzania to effectively adapt to and participate in the global efforts to mitigate climate change with a view to achieving sustainable econo mic growth in the context of Tanzania’s national development blueprint, Vision 2025; Five Years National Development plan; and national cross sectorial policies in line with established international policy frameworks. The TIRP II implementation may be strongly affected by the Climate Change effects; hence, mitigation is necessary for resilience and adaptation to protect the VGs and to also make airports which are climate resilient and hence ensuring value for money. ix. The National Environmental Policy of 1997 which seeks to improve conditions of degraded areas including settlements in order that all Tanzanians may live in safe and healthful productive and aesthetically pleasant surroundings, raise the awareness and understanding of the essential linkages between environment and development and to promote individual and community participation in environmental management actions and to ensure sustainability, security and equitable use of natural resources enabling sustainability. x. Environmental Management Act 2004 Section 7 (1) whose objective is to provide for and promote the enhancement, protection, conservation, and management of the environment. Nonetheless, in achieving this objective section 7 (3) (b) reiterates that effects to the environment be prevented or minimized through long term integrated planning and coordination, integration and corporation of efforts, which consider the entire environment as a whole entity, whereas section 7 (3) (g) insist on access to justice which gives individual, the public and interest groups of persons the opportunity to protect their rights to participation and contest decisions that do not take their interest into account. Such sections emphasize the importance of consultation and ultimate participation of VGs in TIRP II implementation. xi. The Cultural Heritage Policy of 2008 which recognizes the public as the main custodian of cultural resources, and that its implementation underscores the full participation of the public. TIRP II will ensure conservation of all cultural heritage sites during implementation of its projects. 3.0 BASELINE OF VULNERABLE GROUPS AND RELATED SOCIAL ISSUES Vulnerability can be defined as “the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard.” Unquestionably, the concept is comparative and dynamic and most often associated with poverty. Nonetheless, vulnerability might also 16 arise when people are isolated, insecure, and unable to defend themselves in the wake of a risk, shock, or stress. Hence, vulnerability has two elements - exposure to the hazard and the ability to cope. 3.1 The Identified Vulnerable Groups Along TIRP II Corridor 3.1.1 Indigenous Peoples Along the Project Alignment Although the term indigenous people is not in the mainstream social definition of some segments of the national societies in Tanzania, people that match the characteristics of Vulnerable groups were put in the limelight by the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) in their draft Indigenous People Policy Framework (TASAF, 2012). The same groups pointed out in the TASAF framework, the international norms and in the World Bank ESS7 are found where TIRP II traverse but outside the alignment. Table 3: Areas with Indigenous People are Found S/n Region District IP group present Estimated Population 1. Coast Kisarawe Maasai & Barbaig 2,733 Kibaha Maasai & Barbaig 2. Morogoro Morogoro Rural Maasai & Barbaig 9,012 Kilosa Maasai & Barbaig 3. Dodoma Mpwapwa Barbaig 669 4. Singida Manyoni Maasai, Barbaig &Taturu 17,566 Itigi Taturu& Sandawe 5. Tabora Uyui Taturu& Sandawe 71 Sikonge Taturu Source: Field Work, 2022 4.0 Key Social Economic Activities Performed Near the Project Area 4.1 Livestock Keeping Animal keeping is a major economic activity for the vulnerable groups and other livestock keepers along the project area. The main types of livestock kept in the project area include indigenous breeds of cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, and pigs. Free-range grazing is the major type of livestock keeping system used by livestock keepers and zero-grazing is minimally practiced by village communities along the railway line, in places such as Kilosa and Kimamba. 17 4.2 Crop farming Farming is practiced at small scale by vulnerable groups in the project area. Crops which are commonly cultivated include paddy, maize, beans, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables, fruit, banana, sisal, sugar cane, paddy, maize, bean, sunflower, onion, and cashew nuts. 4.3 Hunting and Gathering of Wild products (animals, fruits, and honey) Information gathered from consultations in Manyoni and Itigi areas and from the Singida socioeconomic profile indicates the presence of Tindiga/Sandawe hunter-gathers in the project site. The Sandawe community is found around Genge 6 & 48. Like their counterparts in Manyara and Arusha regions, they still depend on wild meat and fruits as their staple traditional food. However, unlike those in the northern part of the country, the Sandawe have to a considerable extent been integrated in the mainstream communities, hence they have adopted a sedentary lifestyle. 4.4 Bee Keeping The Project crosses through four forest reserves, namely Aghondi National Bee Reserve, Nyahua Forest Reserve, Igombe forest (at Igombe river) and Ilomero Hill Forest Reserve. These reserves, together with forests in the village lands, provide ecological services and economic functions for the community living along the railway line, with the Aghondi area mainly utilized by the vulnerable groups for beekeeping and the Nyahua area mainly serving as the source of earthwork materials for construction of roads and railway lines. 5.0 Potential Impacts of TIRP II Project on Vulnerable Group Residing along with the Project Area Any development project has potential positive and negative impacts on the communities surrounding the project sites. TRIP II is also expected to have both positive and negative impacts as described in this section. However, the project has been considered for implementation since the positive impacts outweigh the negative ones, and there are specific measures to be implemented to minimize the negative effects. 5.1 Potential Positive Benefits of the TIRP II Project The positive impacts of the project will be realized in the economic, education, social, health, security, and environmental sectors in the project site and nationally. It is anticipated that TIRP II will have the following positive impacts. 18 5.1.1 Employment Opportunities TIRP II project will open opportunities for both direct and indirect employment within and outside the project corridor whereby priority will be given to the local people. Employment creation will be translated into incomes at the household levels, which will enhance money circulation in the local economy. 5.1.2 Social Network Along the Railway Line The operation of the existing railway line has continued to serve as a catalyst in binding TRC workers and communities along the railway corridor together for decades. The employment opportunities created by the operation of the railway line and the transportation services for goods, people and livestock, and employment (temporary and long-term) have continued to strengthen the bond between the two parties by inculcating a sense of ownership among the local people, something which has played a key role in preventing accidents and supporting the victims of accidents. TIRP II will continue strengthening the mutual trust between TRC and the local communities. 5.2 Potential Negative Impacts of the TIRP II Project 5.2.1 Labor influx The project will function as a pull factor which will attract many people (skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled) from outside the project area. This may lead to the occurrence of several impacts such as competition for the existing resources, theft, and a spread of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS. A labor influx management plan will be prepared to risk associated with labor influx. 5.2.2 Increase in Gender-Based Violence In one way or another, gender-related cases of different forms will increase in the project areas. The vulnerable groups are at an elevated risk of experiencing GBV especially once they are looking for job opportunities and other benefits resulting from the project. Project has in place GBV action plan which will be used to manage GBV related impact (s). 5.2.3 Loss of Cultural Heritage Excavation works could unearth materials of cultural importance such as graves. These could easily be destroyed if not appropriately managed. Proper procedures in line with ESS7 and ESS 8 will be followed incase specific impact of cultural heritage is identified. 5.2.4 Impact on the Indigenous Communities Apart from the impacts mentioned above, the vulnerable groups may be affected more due to the mode of their dependency on natural resources. Some of the potential impacts to the IPs includes limited access 19 to the current crossings, risks of social conflicts, increase gender based violence, increase of communicable disease, and increased traffic and raise of road accidents. 6.0 Strategies to Address Potential Impacts on Vulnerable Groups 6.1 Informed Consultation and Participation (ICP) Strategy for the Vulnerable Groups Engaging Vulnerable Groups in a culturally appropriate manner is a crucial social consideration in development projects. It is a vital process that addresses Indigenous communities’ collective perceptions, expectations, emotions, and passions about the project in question. The World Bank ESS7 in paragraphs 24, 25, and 26 underscores the centrality of this social process. Specifically, ESS7 requires the following: the Project development process to foster full respect for the human rights, dignity, aspirations, culture, and natural resource-based livelihoods of Vulnerable groups; the anticipated adverse impacts of projects on the vulnerable groups to be avoided, or when avoidance is not possible, to minimize and/or compensate for such impacts; and sustainable development benefits and opportunities for Vulnerable groups to be promoted in a culturally appropriate manner. To address all these, an ICP strategy will be developed to ensure ongoing consultation and participation of the Indigenous people along the project corridor. The ICP Strategy will inform the following: a) Assessment of magnitude of the impacts of the project to IPs livelihhood in their specific areas b) Development of implementation plan for the identified impacts. c) Provision of livelihood assisstants to the IP groups which will be impacted. d) Collection and appropriate management of grievances from vulnerable groups related to the Project. e) Monitoring the effectiveness of mitigations that are delivered to vulnerable groups. 6.2 Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) FPIC will be applied where circumstances allow as per ESS7 objective 6.3 Implementation of Grievance Redress (GRM) mechanism TRC has in place a functional and appropriate GRM which include the Indigenous groups. This GRM will be used during the implementation of TIRP II. The system is managed by TRC and its partner ‘ Parakuiyo Pastoralists Indigenous Community Development Organization ‘PAICODEO’1 to ensure IP concerns are 1 Pastoralists organization which includes all the IP groups along the project corridor. The organization works with TRC in all IP related aspects. 20 being covered throughout the project cycle. The following channels are used to receive community complaints residing along the project alignment. • Written communication via Project Grievance Forms found in Mtaa/village offices • Verbal communication in-person or via telephone to Mtaa/Village representatives, • TRC Toll free number (0800110042) • Different villages meetings and consultation with IP traditional leaders • Suggestion boxes along the project corridor • Committees which include representatives from special groups such as women, elderly, and youth TRC’s GRM management system follows steps as shown below. • Step 1: Receipt and Registration • Step 2: Classification and Prioritization • Step 3: Investigation • Step 4: Resolution and Feedback • Step 5: Monitoring and Evaluation Step 1: Receipt and Registration of Grievance Step 2: Screening and Prioritization Step 3: Grievance Investigation Step 4: Resolution and Feedback Resolution No accepted? Yes Re-evaluate and/ or escalate Grievance closed Yes New resolution New Resolution accepted? Step 5: Monitoring and Evaluation No External remedies may be pursued (i.e. judicial recourse) Figure 1: Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 21 7.0 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting 7.1 Monitoring and Evaluation The purpose of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is to provide project stakeholders, impacted individuals, and relevant authorities with information on whether the implemented activities align with overall VGPF objectives as well as support the early identification and timely adjustment of any issues related to implementation. Monitoring and evaluation will be conducted to ensure that measures indicated in the ICP Strategy are implemented accordingly. Performance will be measured in accordance with the established indicators as per the ICP strategy. 7.2 Reporting Quarterly progress reports will be prepared by TRC-environmental and social safeguards specialists. These reports will be submitted to the World Bank. 22 8.0 References Nderson, A. A. (2005). The Community Builder’s Approach To Theory Of Change. The Aspen Institute Das, S. (2016). Female-Headed Households And Poverty : Analysis Using Household Level Data WORKING PAPER 133 / 2015 FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS AND POVERTY  Davies, R. (2018). Representing Theories Of Change: Technical Challenges With Evaluation Consequences. Journal Of Development Effectiveness Development Corridors Partnership. (2019). Development Corridors In Tanzania - A Scoping Study. Compiled By P.K.T. Munishi, J.J. Kashaigili, N. Chilagane, P. Lyimo, R.E. Pallangyo And L. Kolukwi. The Sokoine University Of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Cambridge, UK. International Working Group For Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA). (2012). Country Technical Note On Indigenous Peoples’ Issues. The United Republic Of Tanzania. IWGIA&IFAD. Retrieved From Https://Www.Ifad.Org/Documents/38714170/40224460/Tanzania.Pdf/59a6ddbc-Fb50-4ae0-A4df- 9277a89152d7 [Accessed 10 June 2022) Lerisse, F., Mmari, D., & Baruani, M. (2003). Vulnerability And Social Protection Programmes İn Tanzania. A Study On Social Protection Programmes Lorna, J. E. (2005). Disabled People And Development. Poverty And Social Development Papers , 12, 107. Http://Hpod.Org/Pdf/Disabled-People-And-Development.Pdf Ministry Of Transport. (2018). Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan: Tanzania Intermodal And Rail Development Project (TIRP) Rehabilitation Of Railway Line Including Track Renewal And Bridges Upgrading Between Dar Es Salaam And Isaka. Dar Es Salaam: Tanzania Railway Corporation (TRC). Morawa, A. H. E. (2003). Vulnerability As A Concept Of İnternational Human Rights Law. Journal Of International Relations And Development, 6(2), 139–155. World, B. (2019). World Population Ageing 2019. In World Population Ageing 2019. Http://Link.Springer.Com/Chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-5204-7_6 TASAF. (2012). Draft TASAF III Indigenous Peoples Policy Framework. Retrieved From Https://Www.Tanzania.Go.Tz/Egov_Uploads/Documents/Final_RPF_Document_16_Sw.Pdf [Accessed 10 June 2022) 23 Annex 1: list of the consulted key stakeholders SN NAME TITLE ORGANIZATION REGION PHONE NUMBER 1 Eng AMANI I B MAFURU ASSISTANCE RS-DAR ES DAR ES 784487877 ADIMINISTRATIVE SALAAM SALAAM SECRETARY 4 ENG HAPPINESS N KATIBU TAWALA RS-DODOMA DODOMA 767405269 MAZULA MSADIZI MIUNDOMBINU 5 Eng I.H KILIMA BE RS-DODOMA DODOMA 712197297 6 HAPPY C HIZA Ag: AAS PC/M Jamii RS-DODOMA DODOMA 783626713 7 BERNARD ABRAHAM Afisa Kilimo RS-DODOMA DODOMA 684552000 8 SALVATORY MASHAMBA Afisa Mazingira RS-DODOMA DODOMA 755280112 9 AZIZA R MUMBA AAS-Economic RS-DODOMA DODOMA 784994615 10 PRISCA M DUNGILO Afisa Bishara RS-DODOMA DODOMA 787729887 12 CARLES GAVACHU SOCIAL TRC DAR ES 783344566 SALAAM 15 DANIEL D BIODIVERSITY YAPI-MERKEZI IHUMWA- 783667350 BATHOLOMEO INSPECTOR DODOMA 16 FUNUEL MHAGAMA ENVOROMENTAL Eng YAPI-MERKEZI IHUMWA- 659213027 DODOMA 17 MESIA M MBAZI HSE TRAINEE YAPI-MERKEZI IHUMWA- 767217958 DODOMA 18 Eng ROBERT LUTEMA OSHA-Zonal Manager OSHA DODOMA 766364020 19 GODFREY MASSAWE Ag DYD PMO-LYED 754266163 20 GODFREY CHACHA SYDO PMO-LYED 714304184 21 DIANA KASONGA SYDO PMO-LYED 713526117 22 ATUPAKILE ELIA SYDO PMO-LYED 786554149 24 CHARLES GAVACHU SOCIAL TRC DAR ES 783344566 SALAAM 27 ADAMU JENELA MWENYEKITI TAMICO IHUMWA- 629104201 MKONDO TAMICO DODOMA 28 NEEMA BUSEGA LABOUR LABOUR Reg DODOMA 717012941 DEVELOPMENT Office- DODOMA 29 JAMALI BARUTI MANAGER- NEMC DAR ES 655684189 ENFORCEMENT SALAAM 32 Eng EZRON KILAMHAWA AAS-INFRASTUCTURE RAS- MOROGORO 715408703 MOROGORO 33 Eng HUSNA A SE RAS- MOROGORO 787982531 OTHUMANI MOROGORO 34 Eng NAEMBE S. H SE RAS- MOROGORO 714777370 MOROGORO 37 CHARLES GAVACHU SOCIAL TRC DAR ES 783344566 SALAAM 24 38 TUMAINI RIKANGA CLO TRC DAR ES 768150330 SALAAM 39 ZUWENA OMARY JIRI RAS RS-SHINYANGA SHINYANGA 752259494 40 BEDA CHAMATATA AASRO RS-SHINYANGA SHINYANGA 762203340 41 PERFECT MWAMBO ENVOROMENTAL RS-SHINYANGA SHINYANGA 754299515 OFFICER 42 CHARLES GAVACHU SOCIAL TRC DAR ES 783344566 SALAAM 46 Eng. F.E NLALIO REGIONAL PWANI PWANI 765018126 SECRETARIAT 49 SEMKIWA SAIDI STATION/FOREMAN- ILALA STATION DAR ES 786764651 DSM (KAMATA) SALAAM 52 DOROTHY A MWALUKO RAS RS-SINGIDA SINGIDA 754381378 54 CHARLES GAVACHU SOCIAL TRC DAR ES 783344566 SALAAM 57 SELEMAN MASUNGA RIVO RS-TABORA TABORA 657206677 58 ABAKE KALULELE RSWO RS-TABORA TABORA 654477555 59 ABRAHAMAN H RFO RS-TABORA TABORA 782353388 MNDEME 60 PANIN O KEVIKA RCDO RS-TABORA TABORA 752241862 61 Eng FAUSTINI M TARAI AAS-FE RS-TABORA TABORA 754851804 25