CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2) CONTRACT NO. TRD/HQ/1017/2021/22 PROPONENT TANZANIA RAILWAY CORPORATION (TRC) P.O. Box 76959 Telephone: +255 222112695 Telefax: +255 22 2116525/ +255 22 2127404 Email: barua@trc.co.tz / dg@trc.co.tz Dar es Salaam, TANZANIA Submitted to Prepared by The National Environment Management Khatib & Alami Consulting Engineers Council (NEMC) Offshore S.A.L, Jangid Plaza, Plot No. G6, Plot No. 29/30, Regent Estate, 6th Floor, Ada Estates, St. Peters Junction P.O Box 63154, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Chabruma Road, Off Ali Hassan Road, Dar es Tel: 255 (22) 277 4889, Fax: +255 (22) 277 Salaam, Tanzania. 4901 E-MAIL: secretarydg@nemc.or.tz October 26, 2023 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Title: CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2) 1. Overview The Report has been prepared as one of the deliverables of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the upgrading of the existing Dar es Salaam – Isaka (970 km) central corridor meter gauge railway infrastructure. The proponent of the project is the Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC), an implementing institution on behalf of the Government of Tanzania under the Ministry of Works and Transport. This report provides the roadmap onto undertaking the ESIA for Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Project II (TIRP II) as per deliverables of the ToR including methodology, timelines, and deliverables. 2. Background The TRC prepared TIRP aimed at improving the performance of TRC (management and operational) in carrying out intermodal transport services along the Central Corridor and hence increase its market share within the transport sector as well as improve its financial self-sustainability. The planned improvements will result in the timely delivery of goods and improve passenger traffic to acceptable levels. Among other things, the proposed project involves rehabilitation and upgrading of the central railway line (CRL), in particular the section between Dar es Salaam port and Isaka town in Shinyanga Region, so as to facilitate revival of freight transportation to hinterland Tanzania and neighboring countries of Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The upgrading includes bridges and culverts, formations, ballasting, track renewal, stations and facilities and associated activities within the Central Railway Network in stages and will enable introduction of a dedicated “BLOCK TRAINS” to transp ort 20 ft and 40 ft containers between Dar es Salaam and Isaka operating with 18.5t axle loads and speeds up to 75 kph. Under TIRP 1, a total of 570 km out of 970 km of the railway track and 374 bridges were rehabilitated along Dar as Salaam – Isaka railway infrastructure through TIRP in year 2020. The rehabilitation track included completed track renewal and refurbishment works. The Page | i CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) rehabilitation and maintenance work for selected structures (Bridges & Culverts) along Tabora to Isaka section was completed in 2020. The challenge is that, only 540 km out of 840 km of the railway track (Dsm-Tabora) excluding the 130 km railway track section of Tabora-Isaka and only 374 bridges were rehabilitated along Dar as Salaam – Isaka railway infrastructure, as a result unattended railway track and bridges continued to deteriorate. Furthermore, the Tabora-Isaka section and intermodal yards for freight handling as well as Kilosa-Gulwe section were not completed under TIRP. This situation may delay delivery of a reliable open access infrastructure from Dar es Salaam to Isaka as the main objective of the Project. In this regard, it worth noting that TIRP II will be implemented in the existing operating railway infrastructure within a stretch of 970 km network but only in sections that were not covered during TIRP I. Preliminary Social Impact Assessment and Environmental screening conducted in January 2012 provided baseline data/information and determined the likely potential environmental, social, and economic impacts associated with the project and assessed key issues prior to implementation of the proposed project. Detailed ESIA study for TIRP I was conducted in 2018 and certified in 2019, complying with National Standards as per the Environmental Management Act of 2004 and Regulations of 2008, WBG Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines and social safeguards and other applicable Operational Policies. Thus, following the updates and changes in the national and international laws and regulations specifically WB E&S standards, the proponent is required to review all available relevant documents including preliminary design, maps, previous studies, and any other work associated with this project so as to adhere compliance with the requirements of the Environmental Management Act (2004) and other applicable national laws and the World Bank ESF for undertaking the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. 3. Project Activities The construction activities of the project will be done in following phases. Mobilization Phase: Mobilization activities including work in support of acquisition of all regulatory requirements including approval from the National Environment Management Council and licenses from other regulatory authorities. The planning Page | ii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) stage involved in a reconnaissance site visit to the project location while considering issues of staging of operations, location of stations, camp site, material sources and investigation, selection of routes, etc. Construction/Rehabilitation Phase: The construction phase will take place subsequent to the issuing of the licenses from relevant authorities. The construction phase for the entire project site is expected to be approximately 36 months at maximum. This will involve the following: establishment of related works and all support infrastructures that are significant for the construction work, site clearance, acquisition and transportation of construction materials, constructions, excavation and land filling works, solid and liquid waste management. Demobilization Phase: This includes demobilization of the machineries, management of wastes generated during the project activity and site restoration. The estimated time for demobilization is 6 months. Operation/Maintenance Phase: This phase will include the maintenance of the Truck whenever necessary as far as this project is considered the design life of the project shall be about 20 years. 4. Waste Generation and Disposal The major solid waste generated from the activities are the municipal solid and liquid waste from domestic, construction and demolition wastes including hazardous wastes such as waste oil from machineries etc. At this time of the study there is no specific area demarcated for the disposal of the generated waste, therefore the project generated waste will be disposed to the authorized designated disposal sites following the Tanzania waste disposal regulations as per Environmental Management Act, 2004. It is expected that, the Project implementation will lead to generation of solid wastes as well as hazardous wastes. These might be potentially harmful to the surrounding environmental components if not mitigated and monitored diligently. 5. Existing Regulatory and Institutional Framework For the proposed project to achieve its intended objectives, it shall operate under various National policies, legal and administrative frameworks. These include laws and policies of Page | iii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Tanzania and World Bank Environmental and Social Framework. The ESIA and EMSP report shall be prepared in line with Tanzania’s national legislative requirements and applicable international standards. Also, the conventions and protocols ratified by Tanzania and directives of International Organizations (World Bank) shall also be considered. 6. Public Participation and Stakeholder Engagement: The Consultant during the ESIA process met with the public, relevant public agencies, project affected people and households, local NGOs, media and special interest groups where applicable including; National Environment Management Council (NEMC) National Bureau of Statistics, Dar es Salaam Ministry of Water (MoW) Ministry of Lands Ministry of Health Tanzania Forest Services Agency (TFS) Tanzania Rural Road Authority (TARURA) Tanzania Roads Agency (TANROADs) Tanzania Electricity Supply Company Limited (TANESCO) Occupational Safety and Health Authority (OSHA) District and City Councils Ward Mtaa and Village Councils Market sellers, Students, Police, etc. Involvement of Stakeholders Consultation with statutory bodies and institutions were made through direct personal interviews, while the public was consulted through public meetings which were conducted at selected villages. The main objectives of community consultations were to: Present the project, Page | iv CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Provide clear and accurate information about the project to the communities along the proposed project area, Obtain main concerns and perceptions of the population and their representatives regarding the Railway track, To obtain opinions and suggestions directly from the affected communities on their preferred mitigation measures. Results of Public Consultation Overall, the consulted stakeholders are in favor of the proposed project. Nonetheless, they made a number of observations and raised concerns the most outstanding of which are listed below: Some parts of the areas traversed by the railway track are prone to flooding and as such this should be taken into consideration when designing drainage infrastructure. There is a need for making level crossing to some areas to allow easy and safe passage of people. Safety signage should be provided. There will be spread of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. The increase of construction workers may increase interactions rate with resultant increase in transmission of communicable diseases. Gang houses should be rehabilitated so that to eliminate hideout areas for thieves. The contractor should give priority of employment to the people hailing from the villages along the project site during the construction. The villagers may be involved in some activities as laborers during the construction phase. Education on Gender Based Violence (GBV) as well as Sexual Harassment (SH) and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) on prevention and response is required to make women, youth and all special/vulnerable groups enjoy their labor opportunities in the Project. TRC must ensure the entire workforce at the construction site is well covered by appropriate insurance policies and safety gears. Also, first aid should be provided at work as per requirements of CRB. Page | v CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Graves, places of worships, and shrines may be affected. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to take care of them in good time. 7. Alternatives The alternative analysis was done based on different options as described for the proposed project. The proposed alternative included an analysis of the location, construction materials and technology, timing, input and design alternatives as well as the do-nothing option. The following are the summarized alternatives for this project • The proponent is planned to use power distribution from TANESCO, however the analysis of available alternative technologies conducted shows that the most prominent alternative source of energy is diesel generator and photovoltaic (PV) system as the backup energy in case of emergency. • Alternative to Kilosa –Gulwe-Igandu section Among other permanent solutions and alternatives provided to encounter the disturbing and flood related problems to this location are; Raising rail track embankment relying on the obtained highest flood level from hydrological analysis. This will enhance adequate headroom and freeboard and minimize flooding and related risks on embankment and installed structures. Design and Installation of drainage structures and water ways associated by adequate erosion control measures. Construction of sedimentation ponds which will increase the hydraulic efficiency of installed structures which are negatively affected by sedimentation process. However, the ongoing study on flood analysis and possibilities of strengthening of sedimentation ponds by the Government’s multi-sectoral technical committee will recommend the short term and long-term practical measures to ensure the railway track is protected from frequent flooding events. • Alternatives Sources for Construction Materials: For the case of sand and aggregates the existing licensed borrow pits and quarry sites will be utilized while water for various construction activities will be obtained from Page | vi CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) rivers along the project corridor with issued permits. Alternatively, water for construction works may be extracted from boreholes depending on the aquifer situation as may be determined by relevant Basin Water Board. Cement, reinforcement bars, paints, etc., will be sourced locally from hardware shops in along the project. See the detailed result on section 6.4 of this report. • Do-Nothing Alternative / Option: Under the No-Action Alternative, the railway will not be constructed or operated, and socio-economic impacts and benefits described in this report will not occur. The do-nothing alternative assumes that even the existing railway road will not be repaired or rehabilitated, since this is exactly what the proposed project is intended to do. Assessment of the project indicates that there might be some localized impacts but is not of sufficient importance to stop the proposed project. Accordingly, the consideration of do-nothing option can be justifiably dismissed as an alternative for the following reasons: - Need and desirability of the project to encourage the economic activities - The environmental impacts expected from the proposed project can be reasonably mitigated to acceptable and satisfactory standards - The potential environmental impacts will be much localized 8. Description of Major Significant Impacts and Mitigation Measures ✓ Positive impacts Creation of Employment: Construction activities will create direct and indirect employment for the local people as well as for people from neighboring towns. Direct employment will benefit both skilled laborers as well as non-skilled laborers, while indirect employment will include employment of food vendors (especially women) and other small businesses such as soft drinks vending. Improved Hydrology and Drainage: Upgrading of the Railway Track, will facilitate construction of new side and cross drainage structures. This will improve the drainage of the Page | vii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) existing railway track. Sedimentation of culverts and railway track side drains will be reduced due to provision of control devices and cover vegetation. In addition, flooding to the Railway track will be reduced and water stagnation within and on railway track sides will be eliminated. Diversification of the Local Economy: Upgrading of the project will attract more investors to use reliable railway network for transportation. The scenario will bring in more employment opportunities as well as other income generation opportunities to the local people. One of the consequences of this is diversification of economic activities reduces the risk of depending on agriculture only. Increased interaction of people as a driver for social change : The project activities in all phases will encourage people from other parts of the country to move in and live in the area. In-migrants will likely come with new ideas and lifestyle if not standards into the project area. Such opportunities will create room for both negative and positive social transformation for both groups to share values and adopt new cultures and diffusion of cultural values suitable for development. Increasing infrastructural performance and sustainability: The project will help the updating of the MGR structures that are highly affected due to the implementation of the SGR especially in the brides and culvert areas. Increased household income: The project will increase trading activities along and in the vicinity of the project line, thereby increasing the income of households along the railway track as vendors are likely to increase prices for goods, and services are likely to increase from increased demand. ✓ Negative impacts Loss of vegetation and farmlands: clearance of land needed for the temporary use during establishment of camps, borrowing of materials, construction of detours or access roads, etc. To mitigate the impact, the contractor shall avoid unnecessary clearing of vegetation, including limiting clearing of vegetation to the corridor of impact. The contractor shall not borrow materials from forest lands, water courses and wildlife protected areas without permit from authorities entrusted to manage the protected areas. Moreover, specific assessment on environment, biodiversity and social should be conducted with specific management plan when Page | viii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) need arises to identify these areas for Project’s use. T he owners of farmlands affected by construction works shall be compensated accordingly. Deterioration of Ambient Air Quality: During the phases of the project, ambient gases, Noise level and dust that will impair air quality will be high. However, during operation dust generation will be very low as there will be no movement of construction trucks on site rather than train movement along the Railway truck. Soil erosion: Clearing of vegetation during establishment of camps, construction of diversions, and access roads and earthworks will remove and disturb topsoil, leaving behind loose, but infertile soil, which is too poor to sustain good plant growth for being susceptible to wind and water erosion, especially in hilly road sections. In addition, cuts and fills will be prone to formation of gullies. The impact shall be mitigated by proper design (providing for erosion prevention measures (including grassing and planting trees) and maintenance during the operation phase of the railway track. Risk of Road and Railway track traffic accidents: During construction, increased traffic movements and speeds, especially across settlements will increase the risk of traffic accidents. Similarly, during operation of the railway track there is likely to increase road traffic accidents, including road kills along level-crossings. The impact shall be mitigated by installing speed humps to the roads going to the level crossings and posting warning signs across rail way and roads i.e at approaches to accident black spots. Deterioration of visual and scenic quality: Earthworks, excavation of borrow pits, clearing of vegetation, and improper disposal of wastes generated by construction activities will deteriorate visual and scenic quality. In addition, cuts of hills and borrow pits, especially if located near settlements will also disturb visual and scenic quality. Generation of noise and vibrations: During construction, generation of noise and vibrations will result from borrowing/ processing of materials (e.g. excavation, drilling and blasting of rocks, crushing of stones), increased traffic volume and movement of equipment during transport of materials, earthworks (including excavation and compaction). During the operation of the railway track, there will be an increase in the level of noise and vibrations from movement of the train. Page | ix CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) The impact due to increased level of noise and vibrations during construction shall be mitigated by ensuring adequate maintenance of the vehicles, including proper fine tuning of engines, equipping equipment with exhaust mufflers, and avoiding construction works in settlement areas during the night. In addition, construction workers working under severe noise environment shall be equipped with ear plugs. The following measure might be implemented to minimize Noise and vibration from the project Ensuring Locomotive Engines are regularly maintained, Avoiding unnecessary horns in the urban areas and sensitive receptor areas i.e. employing the use of flag man to all crossing areas, Maintaining law speed of the trucks in urban areas and sensitive receptor areas. Risks of accidents to animals and humans: Increased traffic volume and speeds during construction are likely to cause accidents to workers and the local people as well as wildlife (kill of animal along their corridor). However, fauna crossings are placed in SGR which is parallel to the existing MGR project railway track and hence highly reducing the risk of wildlife kill especially on the identified passing corridors. Furthermore, designated borrow pits are likely to cause serious accidents to animals (especially if they are located around wildlife crossing areas and pastoral communities) when are not well slope levelled and entry restriction with proper fence and signage. To avoid the impact, the Contractors shall not open borrow pits in the mentioned areas unless provision of safety measures is ensured. In addition, the maximum depth of borrow pits shall be 3m, all borrow pits shall be kept self-draining and protected to prevent rainwater water ponding and from community access. Also, borrow pits shall be reinstated/rehabilitated immediately after completion of their use. Generation of wastes: Construction activities at the sites and the camps will generate substantial amounts and types of wastes: solid wastes such as plastic containers, used tyres, metal parts, plastics and cables, batteries, and liquid wastes such as used motor oil, sanitary wastes, and medical wastes as well as e-wastes. These wastes if not treated or disposed of properly are likely to cause occupational and community health problems, cause contamination of water resources, and impair scenic quality. To mitigate the impacts, the Contractor shall comply with the waste treatment and disposal mitigation measures provided Page | x CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) in the environmental and social management plan of this report including developing a Waste Management Plan. Damage to graves: Any graveyard located close to the railway track is likely to be damaged by construction activities. To mitigate the impact, the Contractor shall work carefully in order to avoid damage to graves. In case damages cannot be avoided, the affected graves shall be relocated by excavation to a place selected by grave owner(s). Comply with national and international legal requirements (e.g. Chance Find Procedures). Soil and water pollution by concrete slurry, concrete, and sedimentation: Potential sources of soil pollution are concrete and concrete slurry, fuel, and oil. Soil pollution will impair soil fertility and regeneration of vegetation. Sources of water pollution will consist of wet cement and concrete products, fuel, oil, sediments etc. If wet concrete products, fuel, and oil find their way into rivers they may cause serious contamination and damage. Cement contains lime which is very detrimental to fauna and flora (aquatic dwellers). In addition, deposition of concrete and fine sediments into rivers will also affect the ecosystem. Fuel and oil can reduce dissolved oxygen led to decrease in Biological Oxygen Demand in water course. Water pollution shall be mitigated by preventing entrance of wet cement and concrete products, oil, and fuel into storm water, putting in place a designated concrete washout facility where all remaining and concrete washout will be conducted/ dumped and contained. Surface Water Flow Modification: This will be caused by construction of fill embankments during construction of bridges and culverts as well as across flood plains, which will impede or interfere with natural surface water flow patterns, whereby concentrating flows in the upstream, resulting into flooding, soil erosion, channel modification, and sedimentation of rivers in the vicinity of the railway track. To mitigate the impact culverts shall be designed such that their hydraulic capacities are capable of sustaining possible peak water flows. Disruption of community access: Construction of railway track side drains will create barriers to community access to their residence and business areas. The impact shall be mitigated by providing temporary pedestrian crossing across line drains during construction and permanent ones when the railway track is completed. Page | xi CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Occupational health and safety hazards: Construction activities will expose workers to different chemical health hazards, physical health hazards, and biological health hazards. Physical hazards will include fall from heights or being hit by falling objects. Chemical health hazards will result from exposure of workers to hazardous construction materials, while physical health hazards will result from general work environment (noise, vibrations, manual handling, fall from height, stepping on or striking against objects, and manual handling injury, and workers being hit by an excavator or crane). Biological health hazard will result from drinking unsafe water and food poisoning, and unsafe disposal of sanitary wastes. To mitigate the impacts, the Contractor shall develop a proper Occupational Health and Safety Plan with guiding details onmeasures to prevent physical, chemical, and biological health hazards during construction of the project, which include work practice, personal protection, and hygiene. Increased Vulnerability: Displacement, migration, and changes in community dynamics due to the railway project can lead to increased vulnerability of women and marginalized groups to various forms of violence, including sexual harassment and exploitation, Isolation and Fear: The construction process can alter the physical and social environment, leading to increased isolation and fear among women and girls due to poorly lit or unsafe areas, reducing their access to public spaces and transportation,, Increased transmission of HIV/AIDS: During construction, interaction between the immigrant, workers and the locals may exacerbate the spread of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. To mitigate the impact, the Contractors shall subcontract NGOs to prepare and implement a community awareness campaign on the same. Increased and unwanted pregnancies: Increased and unwanted pregnancies especially among schoolgirls is likely to happen as project workers could easily entice schoolgirls with money in return for sexual favors. The impact be mitigated at the project level by employing the following interventions like community/public awareness campaign and toolbox sessions and employing of strictly by laws to the workers who will be found to have sexual relationships with schoolgirls. Poaching of wild animals by construction workers: Construction workers are likely to be tempted to poach wild animals for meat or for selling. To mitigate the impact, the Page | xii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) supervising consultant in collaboration with respective organs/entities shall create awareness on Wildlife laws and regulations in conservation among project workers and surrounding communities. Contribution to climate change: Increased traffic volume from diverted, generated traffic as well as operation of heavy machinery and equipment during construction phase, there expected to be an increase the generation of greenhouse gases, the result of which will be increased contribution to the greenhouse effect. Mitigation measures for increased traffic volume and greenhouse gas emissions during the construction phase, as referred by the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF), may include: Traffic management plans: Develop and implement effective traffic management plans to minimize congestion and optimize traffic flow, thereby reducing overall vehicle emissions. Construction equipment emissions standards: Enforce the use of construction equipment that meets or exceeds recognized emissions standards to minimize air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Fuel efficiency: Encourage the use of fuel-efficient vehicles and machinery during the construction phase to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of work performed. Adequate and timely maintenance of Project’s operating vehicles, equipment and machinery On top of that the use of hydrocarbons as a source of energy will also contributing emission of greenhouse gasses and thus the impact can be mitigated by ensuring the project is using equipment and tools that may use other alternative source of energy that should not be source of greenhouse gases emission to the environment. Reduced lifespan of the railway tracks due to climate change: Variations of temperatures resulting from global warming are likely to cause expansion and contraction of the railway structures and premature failures of hydraulic structures due to cracking. In addition, flooding resulting from severe and heavy rainfall may cause serious damage or overtopping of structures. To mitigate the impact, appropriate designing and type of railway track construction materials that sustains higher temperatures of the project area have been Page | xiii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) proposed. Also, this has been taken into account in the selection of the return period in respect of design of hydraulic structures for the railway track. Furthermore, the ongoing study on flood analysis and possibilities of strengthening of sedimentation ponds by the Government’s multi-sectoral technical committee will recommend the short term and long-term practical measures to ensure the railway track is protected from frequent flooding events. Furthermore, a Climate and Risk Assessment Study from Dar es Salaam to Isaka (supported by Quality Infrastructure Investment Partnership Bank) is currently undertaken in order to identify the vulnerable areas with the objective of protecting them as well as coming with an effective practical emergency response preparedness system on place. Upon completion of these studies, the recommended measures will be incorporated in the updated ESMP for implementation accordingly. 9. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) intends to set forth “environmental and social conditions” that the project proponent shall adhere to. It aims at ensuring effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. The following will be responsible for implementing the ESMP. TRC TRC will be responsible for the overall implementation, administration, and enforcement of the recommendations of the ESIA, including: ✓ Ensuring that the ESMP provisions are included in all tender documents issued for construction work and activities on site and shall monitor/enforce the requirement for the Contractors to abide by the specifications thereof. ✓ Coordinating the implementation of the ESMP by the contractor. ✓ Provide NEMC with reports on environmental and social compliance as part of their annual progress reports and annual environmental monitoring reports. Supervising Engineers The Supervising Engineer will be responsible for the overall project management and also will be responsible for ensuring day to day implementation and compliance with all provisions and Page | xiv CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) requirements of the ESMP. The Engineer will ensure that the Contractors provide appropriate training for their staff on ESMP. Contractors The obligation of the contractors will be to ensure the control and limitations of disturbance to the project site, routes, and its surrounding environment and communities during the construction cycle of the project. Within 30 days upon notification of contract award, the contractors shall prepare and submit a Contractor-Environmental and social Management Plan (C-ESMP) and a Site-Specific Health and Safety Management Plan (SSHSMP) to client through project consultant for implementation and this shall be done in collaboration with NEMC and LGAs. The two plans shall describe measures to be followed to protect the environment, the public, local communities, workers, and ecological habitats within and in the neighborhood of the project working areas. National Environment Management Council NEMC is the main responsible agency for ensuring that development projects carried out in the United Republic of Tanzania adequately address environmental and social issues during the lifetime of each of the projects. NEMC shall therefore: ✓ Periodically carry out or assign an independent evaluator to carry out compliance monitoring in circumstances where a claim has been raised by any member of the community, Community Based Organization, or Non-Governmental Organization on negative aspects of the project. During monitoring, the District Environmental Officer shall accompany NEMC or an independent evaluator. ✓ Have the power to request for ESMP compliance report and take necessary measures including instituting fines to enforce compliance of the ESMP. 10. Environmental and social monitoring plan Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan is an objective, periodical, reliable, and continuing process of observation and assessment of environmental changes. It is intended to ensure Page | xv CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) implementation of mitigation measures is done the way they have been proposed and in accordance with the regulations and standards. It is therefore based on monitoring indicators, which will have to be compared with targets to gauge the effectiveness of the mitigation’s plans. There will be two basic forms of monitoring as follows: Effect’s Monitoring: This will record the consequences of activities on one or more environmental components. This will involve physical measurement of selected parameters or the execution of surveys to establish the nature and extent of induced changes. Measurement Based Inspection: This will involve evaluation of trends in the values of environmental and social parameters systematically measured and collected, to ensure that they are within acceptable legal and technical standards. This will involve collection of samples for analysis. In this respect, water and air samples will be collected and analyzed. The main tools that will be used for monitoring are checklists, visual examinations, and quantitative measurements of environmental effects monitoring parameters. Written records will be kept detailing the dates that monitoring took place and the findings of the monitoring. To ensure effective implementation of the mitigation’s measures, the Supervising Engineer shall deploy an Environmental and Social Specialist for regular monitoring and reporting of day-to-day implementation of the ESMP by the Contractor. The Environmental and Social Specialists will also advise the Resident Engineer on measures to take against the Contractor in the event that the Contractor fails to comply with the SSHSMP and the SSEMP as well as other environmental, social, and health and safety requirements of the contract. 11. Cost Benefit Analysis of the Project The estimated costs for mitigation measures (in table 7.1) may vary during project implementation, since they could not be accurately calculated (are indicative). This is due to the fact that some of the impacts will only be realized during construction phase, the costs for these will also be short term, especially if mitigation measures are fully implemented. Generally, the project is envisaged to be beneficial. However, most of the value of these benefits cannot be easily quantified in financial terms. Nevertheless, in the long-term the Page | xvi CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) project benefits are expected to be higher than project costs. Actually, the cost incurred will be short-term only during design and construction. After construction the project proponent will be able to recover the costs due to increased revenue collection as a result of increased collection of railway toll, investment activities, tourism activities, transportation of agricultural products, etc. 12. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The planned upgrade for the existing Dar es Salaam – Isaka (540 km) railway infrastructure is socially and -economically desirable and viable because it will enhance transportation and social – economic development in East, Central and West Regions as well as adjacent regions. Expectedly, the project will have both positive and negative impacts on the natural and human environment; it will affect both the environment and human communities that are found along and in the neighborhoods of it as well as all that interact with it. Measures have been proposed to enhance impacts which are positive to the environment and the local people. For those impacts that are negative, mitigation measures have been proposed to avoid or abate them to the extent possible for the purpose of maximizing benefits of the railway track and minimizing detrimental effects of the project. Page | xvii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All the efforts entailed in the preparation of this report benefited from inputs of a great number of individual people and institutions including contributors of professional inputs. The contribution of each one of them is appreciated by all of us. More specifically, thanks are due to all the stakeholders of proposed second Tanzania intermodal and rail development project (TIRP 2) in Dar es Salaam, Kibaha, Morogoro, Dodoma, Singida, Tabora and Shinyanga Regions who participated in various institutional and public consultation undertakings during the gathering of the data for this report. Special thanks are due to the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) who took time off their busy schedules to provide information and data during the fieldwork for this report. Thanks, are additionally due to TRC staff in Dar es Salaam as well as in upcountry offices for facilitating all the work pertinent to the acquisition of data for this report. In a special way, we also acknowledge the cooperation and assistance extended to us by various staff of Ministries and other government Institutions to mention few are OSHA, TANESCO, Fire and Rescue Force, etc. To all the others who wittingly or unwittingly contributed to the ESIA background work who are not mentioned here by name, we also give a very big thank you. Page | xviii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) DECLARATION This Environmental Impact Assessment report has been prepared by: S/No. Name of Professional Position Assigned Signature 1. P.Eng. Franella Halla Environmental Engineer - Team Leader and Environmental Expert 2. P.Eng. Wazia Mtiga Environmental Engineer -Assistant Team Leader 3. P.Eng. Ferdinand B. Mesela Hydrologist 4. P.Eng. Godfrey Katimba Civil/Railway Engineer 5. Dr. Benaiah Lusato Benno Ecologist 6. Mr. Robert Kishiki Sociologist Page | xix CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Page | xx CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................................................... xviii DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................................. xix TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................................ xxi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................................... xxx LIST OF TABLES.........................................................................................................................................xxxiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................xxxviii CHAPTER ONE..................................................................................................................................................1 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................1 1.1 General.................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Regulatory requirements for the project..................................................................................2 1.3 Justification of the Project..............................................................................................................2 1.4 Objective of the study and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ....................3 1.4.1 Objectives of the Project ......................................................................................................3 1.4.2 Objective of the ESIA .............................................................................................................3 1.5 Parties involved..................................................................................................................................4 1.5.1 Project Proponent ...................................................................................................................4 1.5.2 Details of the Environmental Assessment Practitioner ...............................................5 1.6 Scope of Services for ESIA Study .................................................................................................6 1.7 Methodology and Approach of the Study .................................................................................7 1.7.1 Methodology ..............................................................................................................................7 1.8 General Approach ......................................................................................................................... 31 1.9 Limitations of the study ............................................................................................................... 34 1.10 Content of the ESIA...................................................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER TWO............................................................................................................................................. 36 Page | xxi CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................... 36 2.1 Project Overview........................................................................................................................... 36 2.2 Project Location and Accessibility............................................................................................ 36 2.3 Adjacent features ........................................................................................................................... 38 2.4 The Right of Way (R o W)/ Railway Reserve....................................................................... 38 2.5 Sensitive Receptors ....................................................................................................................... 38 2.6 Existing Situation ............................................................................................................................ 39 2.6.1 The railway track................................................................................................................... 40 2.6.2 Level Crossings ...................................................................................................................... 40 2.6.3 Drainage structures.............................................................................................................. 42 2.6.4 Banks Condition .................................................................................................................... 53 2.6.5 Cuttings .................................................................................................................................... 57 2.6.6 Track materials ...................................................................................................................... 59 2.6.7 Railway signage....................................................................................................................... 61 2.6.8 Stations ..................................................................................................................................... 63 2.6.9 Track Maintenance ............................................................................................................... 65 2.6.10 Utilities ..................................................................................................................................... 67 2.7 Project Phases ................................................................................................................................. 72 2.7.1 Design Phase ........................................................................................................................... 72 2.7.2 Mobilisation Phase ................................................................................................................ 73 2.7.2.1 Sourcing of materials............................................................................................................ 73 2.7.2.2 Transportation of materials ............................................................................................... 76 2.7.2.3 Duration ................................................................................................................................... 76 2.7.2.4 Man power .............................................................................................................................. 76 2.7.2.5 Storage...................................................................................................................................... 77 Page | xxii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 2.7.2.6 Types, Amounts and treatment/disposal of Wastes .................................................. 77 2.7.3 Construction Phase .............................................................................................................. 78 2.7.3.1 Duration ................................................................................................................................... 79 2.7.3.2 Man power .............................................................................................................................. 79 2.7.3.3 Storage...................................................................................................................................... 79 2.7.3.4 Types, Amounts and treatment/disposal of Wastes .................................................. 80 2.7.4 Demobilization phase........................................................................................................... 81 2.7.4.1 Duration ................................................................................................................................... 81 2.7.4.2 Types and Sources of Project requirements ................................................................ 81 2.7.4.3 Types, treatment/disposal of Wastes ............................................................................. 82 2.7.4.4 Man power .............................................................................................................................. 82 2.7.5 Operation phase.................................................................................................................... 82 2.7.5.1 Duration ................................................................................................................................... 83 2.7.5.2 Types, and Sources of Project requirements............................................................... 83 2.7.5.3 Transportation ....................................................................................................................... 84 2.7.5.4 Storage...................................................................................................................................... 84 2.7.5.5 Types, Amounts and treatment/disposal of Wastes .................................................. 84 2.8 Safety and Health ........................................................................................................................... 85 2.8.1 Emergency Response Plan .................................................................................................. 85 2.8.2 Incident Reporting ................................................................................................................ 85 2.9 Project Boundaries ........................................................................................................................ 86 2.9.1 Institutional boundaries ....................................................................................................... 86 2.9.2 Temporal boundaries........................................................................................................... 86 2.9.3 Spatial boundaries ................................................................................................................. 87 CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................................................... 88 Page | xxiii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 3. EXISTING REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................. 88 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 88 3.2 Applicable policies, acts and regulations................................................................................. 93 3.3 International obligations and treaties .................................................................................... 106 3.4 World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework ....................................................... 107 3.4.1 Vision for Sustainable Development ............................................................................. 107 3.4.2 World Bank Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing 108 3.5 World Bank Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) ................................................ 109 3.5.1 Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts;.............................................................................. 109 3.5.2 Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions; ........... 110 3.5.3 Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management;........................................................................................................... 111 3.5.4 Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety; .............. 112 3.5.5 Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement; ......................................................................................................... 113 3.5.6 Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources; .................................................................................. 115 3.5.7 Environmental and Social Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities; .................................................... 116 3.5.8 Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural Heritage; ...................................... 117 3.5.9 Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure .............................................................................................................................................. 118 3.6 The World Bank ESH Guidelines ........................................................................................... 119 CHAPTER FOUR .......................................................................................................................................... 121 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ...................... 121 Page | xxiv CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 121 4.2 Area of Influence .......................................................................................................................... 121 4.2.1 Direct Area of Influence ................................................................................................... 122 4.2.2 Indirect Area of Influence ................................................................................................. 122 4.3 Sensitivity Screening .................................................................................................................... 124 4.4 Land use and land cover of the area...................................................................................... 126 4.5 Environment and social status of the project study area................................................ 128 4.5.1 Physical Environment ......................................................................................................... 128 4.5.2 Biological environment...................................................................................................... 194 4.5.3 Social Economic Environment......................................................................................... 202 4.6 Existing Social Economic Issues ............................................................................................... 227 4.7 Gender Based Violence.............................................................................................................. 236 4.7.1 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 236 4.7.2 Responses of GBV in Project Communities............................................................... 237 4.7.3 Existing GBV Situation on Project Communities...................................................... 237 CHAPTER FIVE .............................................................................................................................................. 241 5. INTER-AGENCY AND PUBLIC/NGO CONSULTATION .................................................. 241 5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 241 5.2 Objectives of Public Consultations and Engagement ....................................................... 241 5.3 Stakeholders Analysis ................................................................................................................. 242 5.3.1 Project Stakeholders .......................................................................................................... 242 5.3.2 How Stakeholders Were Involved ................................................................................ 243 5.3.3 Project Information Disclosure ...................................................................................... 245 5.4 Major Issues Raised by Stakeholders during consultation .............................................. 272 CHAPTER SIX ................................................................................................................................................ 280 Page | xxv CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS...................................... 280 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 280 6.1.1 Direct Impacts...................................................................................................................... 280 6.1.2 Indirect Impacts ................................................................................................................... 281 6.1.3 Cumulative Impacts ............................................................................................................ 281 6.1.4 Residual Impacts .................................................................................................................. 284 6.2 Impact assessment ....................................................................................................................... 302 6.2.1 Identification of Impacts .................................................................................................... 302 6.2.2 Impact Prediction and evaluation ................................................................................... 309 6.3 Impacts’ Description ................................................................................................................... 325 6.3.1 Planning Phase ...................................................................................................................... 325 6.3.2 Mobilization Phase .............................................................................................................. 325 6.3.3 Construction Phase ............................................................................................................ 328 6.3.4 Demobilization Phase ........................................................................................................ 355 6.3.5 Operation and Maintenance Phase ................................................................................ 356 6.4 Alternative analysis ...................................................................................................................... 368 6.4.1 Alternatives analyzed prior to ESIA .............................................................................. 369 6.4.2 Proposed alternatives ........................................................................................................ 370 6.4.3 No Project Alternative ...................................................................................................... 373 6.4.4 Alternative site..................................................................................................................... 374 6.4.5 Energy Alternative .............................................................................................................. 375 6.4.6 Alternative to Kilosa Gulwe ............................................................................................ 375 CHAPTER SEVEN ......................................................................................................................................... 384 7. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................... 384 7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 384 Page | xxvi CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 7.2 Roles and Responsibilities ......................................................................................................... 384 7.2.1 TRC ......................................................................................................................................... 384 7.2.2 Supervising Consultant ...................................................................................................... 384 7.2.3 Contractor ............................................................................................................................ 385 7.2.4 National Environment Management Council ............................................................. 385 7.2.5 Local Government Authorities....................................................................................... 386 7.2.6 Communities along the project corridor .................................................................... 386 7.2.7 NGOs ..................................................................................................................................... 386 7.3 Awareness and Education ......................................................................................................... 386 7.4 Other Requirements in the Implementation Mitigation Measures .............................. 443 7.4.1 Site Specific Management Plans ...................................................................................... 443 7.4.2 Staffing Requirement .......................................................................................................... 443 CHAPTER EIGHT ......................................................................................................................................... 446 8. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN ....................................................... 446 8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 446 8.2 Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................................................ 446 8.2.1 Modes of Monitoring ......................................................................................................... 446 8.2.2 Baseline Data Collection .................................................................................................. 447 8.2.3 Monitoring of Environmental and Social Parameters .............................................. 447 8.2.4 Details on Monitoring for Pollution of Surface Water ........................................... 490 8.2.5 Responsibilities for Monitoring Implementation of EMP ........................................ 490 CHAPTER NINE............................................................................................................................................ 492 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ......................................................................................... 492 9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 492 9.2 Principles of GRM ........................................................................................................................ 492 Page | xxvii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 9.3 Types of grievances ..................................................................................................................... 493 9.4 Redress process ........................................................................................................................... 494 9.5 Proposed GRM for TRC ........................................................................................................... 494 9.6 Grievances mechanism procedures ....................................................................................... 497 9.6.1 Channels to Make Complaints ........................................................................................ 497 9.6.2 Project Grievance Committees...................................................................................... 498 CHAPTER TEN.............................................................................................................................................. 502 10. COST BENEFIT NALYSIS ............................................................................................................. 502 10.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 502 10.2 Definition ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.2.1 Opportunity Cost of Capital (OCC)................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.2.2 Net Present Value................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.2.3 Internal Rate of Return ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.2.4 First Year Benefits................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.2.5 Transport Costs ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.3 Methodology of Economic Evaluation ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.3.1 Project Costs............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.3.2 Benefits and Costs related to the project....... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.4 Results of Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 504 CHAPTER ELEVEN....................................................................................................................................... 505 11. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 505 11.1 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 505 11.2 Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 505 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................. 507 LIST OF APPENDIX..................................................................................................................................... 510 Page | xxviii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 1: GRIEVANCE FORMS ...................................................................................................... 511 APPENDIX 2: PROJECT REPRESENTATION MAPs ........................................................................ 513 APPENDIX 3: STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION FORMS ......................................................... 514 APPENDIX 4: PROPOSED SANITATION FACILITIES DRAWINGS ........................................ 515 APPENDIX 5: LIST OF FIGURES/PHOTO ........................................................................................... 516 APPENDIX 6: ADJACENT FEATURES.................................................................................................. 517 APPENDIX 7: LIST OF STRUCTURES .................................................................................................. 518 APPENDIX 8: SUMMARY OF SOCIAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ............................................. 519 APPENDIX 9: INVASIVE SPECIES ........................................................................................................... 520 Page | xxix CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Approach for Preparation of ESIA ..........................................................................................8 Figure 1.2: Procedure for Data Collection.................................................................................................9 Figure 1.3: Consultant Team during Reconnaissance Survey (July 2022). ..................................... 12 Figure 1.4: Expert team during air quality measurement.................................................................... 12 Figure 1.5: Steps to Public and Stakeholder Consultations................................................................ 22 Figure 1.6: Stakeholder Engagement Process ......................................................................................... 23 Figure 1.7: Stakeholder Identification Process ....................................................................................... 24 Figure 2.1: Project Location map................................................................................................................ 37 Figure 2.2: Wetland at Mkadage Area ...................................................................................................... 39 Figure 2.3: Railway crossing at line Police in Dodoma Region ......................................................... 42 Figure 2.4: List of drainage structures along the project site ............................................................ 51 Figure 2.5: Solid waste dump site along the railway bank at Kizota Dodoma ............................. 57 Figure 2.6: Flat footed Rail ............................................................................................................................ 59 Figure 2.7: Wooden slipper at Magadu .................................................................................................... 60 Figure 2.8: Kilometer post............................................................................................................................ 62 Figure 2.9: Railway Stations ............................................................................................................................ 65 Figure 2.10: Gang Houses at Isan’enge ..................................................................................................... 66 Figure 2.11: Toilet at Zuzu station............................................................................................................. 70 Figure 2.12: Solid waste burning pit at Mahene ..................................................................................... 72 Figure 4.1: Project Area of Influence....................................................................................................... 123 Figure 4.2: Conserver Area........................................................................................................................ 125 Figure 4.3: Land use land cover in the project corridor ................................................................... 127 Figure 4.4: Mean yearly temperature trend for Dar es Salaam ...................................................... 136 Figure 4.5: Mean yearly precipitation trend for Dar es Salaam ...................................................... 137 Figure 4.6: Mean yearly temperature trend for Kibaha..................................................................... 138 Figure 4.7: Mean yearly precipitation trend for Kibaha..................................................................... 139 Figure 4.8: Mean yearly temperature trend for Morogoro.............................................................. 140 Figure 4.9: Mean yearly precipitation trend for Morogoro ............................................................. 141 Figure 4.10: Mean yearly temperature trend for Dodoma .............................................................. 142 Figure 4.11: Mean yearly precipitation trend for Dodoma .............................................................. 143 Page | xxx CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.12: Mean yearly temperature trend for Singida .................................................................. 144 Figure 4.13: Mean yearly precipitation trend for Singida .................................................................. 145 Figure 4.14: Mean yearly temperature trend for Tabora ................................................................. 146 Figure 4.15: Mean yearly temperature trend for Tabora ................................................................. 147 Figure 4.16: Mean yearly temperature trend for Shinyanga............................................................. 148 Figure 4.17: Mean yearly temperature trend for Shinyanga............................................................. 149 Figure 4.18: Wind Rose for Dar es Salaam Region ............................................................................ 152 Figure 4.19: Wind Graph for Dar es Salaam Region .......................................................................... 153 Figure 4.20: Wind Rose for Pwani Region ............................................................................................ 154 Figure 4.21: Wind Graph for Pwani Region .......................................................................................... 155 Figure 4.22: Wind Rose for Morogoro Region.................................................................................... 156 Figure 4.23: Wind Graph for Morogoro Region ................................................................................. 157 Figure 4.24: Wind Rose for Dodoma Region ....................................................................................... 158 Figure 4.25: Wind Graph for Dodoma Region .................................................................................... 159 Figure 4.26: Wind Rose for Singida Region........................................................................................... 160 Figure 4.27: Wind Graph for Singida Region ........................................................................................ 161 Figure 4.28: Wind Rose for Tanga Region ............................................................................................ 162 Figure 4.29: Wind Graph for Tanga Region .......................................................................................... 163 Figure 4.30: Wind Rose for Shinyanga Region ..................................................................................... 164 Figure 4.31: Wind Graph for Shinyanga Region................................................................................... 165 Figure 4.32: Topography of the area ....................................................................................................... 167 Figure 4.33: Soil along project corridor ................................................................................................. 168 Figure 4.34: provision soil map of Tanzania .......................................................................................... 169 Figure 4.35: Soil Type along project area .............................................................................................. 170 Figure 4.36: Orders of streams along and crossing the project.................................................... 173 Figure 4.37: Noise levels ............................................................................................................................. 183 Figure 4.38: Noise contour at Dar es Salaam ...................................................................................... 184 Figure 4.39: Noise contour at Pwani....................................................................................................... 185 Figure 4.40: Noise contour at Morogoro.............................................................................................. 186 Figure 4.41: Noise contour at Dodoma ................................................................................................. 187 Figure 4.42: Noise contour at Singida..................................................................................................... 188 Page | xxxi CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.43: Noise contour at Tabora .................................................................................................... 189 Figure 4.44: Noise contour at Shinyanga`.............................................................................................. 190 Figure 4.45: Wetland at Msoga Village which is nearby the railway track .................................. 195 Figure 4.46: Flora at the project corridor ............................................................................................. 195 Figure 4.47: Cattle crossing the project corridor ............................................................................... 196 Figure 4.48: Wami-Mbiki Wild Life Management Areas to Selous/ Saadani ............................... 199 Figure 4.49: Swagaswaga-Muhesi/Kigosi wildlife corridor ................................................................ 200 Figure 4.50: Wildlife crossing in the section from Tabora to Isaka .............................................. 201 Figure 4.51: Communities falling under area of influence of the project .................................... 205 Figure 4.52: Population percentage as per Age (NBS 2016) ........................................................... 208 Figure 4.53: Road access in the project area ........................................................................................ 215 Figure 4.54: street vendors at Gombo la Mboto area....................................................................... 231 Figure 4.55: Graveyard at 17/4.................................................................................................................. 232 Figure 4.56: Mkondoa River ....................................................................................................................... 233 Figure 5.1: Consultation meeting with Local leaders at Kazimzumbwi ward, visegese hamlet ............................................................................................................................................................................. 274 Figure 5.2: Consultation meeting with Local leaders at Kisarawe hamlet .................................. 274 Figure 5.3: Consultation meeting with Local leaders at Bokomnemela ward............................ 275 Figure 5.4: Consultation meeting with Local leaders at Gerezani Mtaa ...................................... 275 Figure 5.5: Consultation meeting with Manyoni District Directors and other staffs .............. 276 Figure 5.6: Consultation meeting with Itigi District Council officers ........................................... 276 Figure 5.7: Consultation meeting with head teacher at Igandu ...................................................... 277 Figure 5.8: Awareness and information seeking from Igandu Primary School Student .......... 277 Figure 5.9: Consultation with train users at Bahi Station ................................................................. 278 Figure 5.10: Consultation meeting with Local leaders and community at Nzubuka................ 278 Figure 5.11: Consultation meeting with community and Local leaders at Malola .................... 279 Figure 5.12: Consultation meeting with community and Local leaders at Igalula ..................... 279 Figure 6.1: Flood Risk at the Project Area ............................................................................................ 336 Figure 6.2: Water supply pipe crossing the project site at Iyumbu............................................... 338 Figure 6.3: Steps to screen for climate and disaster risks ....................................................................... 379 Figure 9.1: Flowchart for Addressing Grievances ............................................................................... 497 Page | xxxii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Page | xxxiii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Details of the proponent .............................................................................................................4 Table 1.2: Study Team – Key Professional Staff ............................................................................................5 Table 1.3: Study Team – Supporting Staff ......................................................................................................5 Table 1.4: The monitoring locations ......................................................................................................... 14 Table 1.5: Noise Quality Monitoring Stations ........................................................................................ 15 Table 1.6: Number of Stations .................................................................................................................... 18 Table 1.7: Water quality parameters and their corresponding analytical methods ................... 19 Table 1.8: Impact Nature and Type ........................................................................................................... 28 Table 1.9: Impact Characteristics Terminology ..................................................................................... 29 Table 2.1: Bank condition ............................................................................................................................. 53 Table 2.2: Water demand ............................................................................................................................. 68 Table 2.3: Construction Materials for the proposed warehouse building .................................... 73 Table 2.4: Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the pre-construction phase ............................................................................................................................................................................... 77 Table 2.5: Types and treatment/disposal of wastes during the construction phase .................. 80 Table 2.6: Types and sources of project requirements during the demobilization phase ....... 82 Table 2.7: Types and sources of project requirements during the operational phase (Maintenance) ............................................................................................................................................................................... 83 Table 2.8: Types and treatment/disposal of wastes during the operational phase ..................... 84 Table 3.1: Policies, Acts and Regulations Applicable to the Project ............................................... 88 Table 3.2: Applicable Policies, Acts and Regulations............................................................................ 93 Table 3.3: International Obligations and Treaties ............................................................................... 106 Table 4.1: climate change scenarios......................................................................................................... 131 Table 4.2: Monitored PM10 & PM2.5 Values ........................................................................................ 175 Table 4.3: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Dar es Salaam.............. 177 Table 4.4: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Pwani .............................. 177 Table 4.5: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Morogoro ..................... 178 Table 4.6: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Dodoma ........................ 178 Table 4.7: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Singida ............................ 179 Page | xxxiv CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.8: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Tabora ........................... 179 Table 4.9: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Shinyanga ...................... 180 Table 4.10: Summary of Ambient Noise Levels Monitored in the Study Area ......................... 182 Table 4.11: Lab Result .................................................................................................................................. 194 Table 4.12: Population of Eighteen districts.......................................................................................... 206 Table 4.13: Population Growth................................................................................................................. 209 Table 4.14: Literacy rate along the project corridor ......................................................................... 210 Table 4.15: Number of Education Facilities in the project area ..................................................... 211 Table 4.16: Number of market within the project area ................................................................... 212 Table 4.17: Employment status of the project area ........................................................................... 213 Table 4.18: Number of Both Public and Private Health Facilities .................................................. 216 Table 4.19: Shows the percentage of Solid waste management methods on the project area ............................................................................................................................................................................. 217 Table 4.20: Main improved water sources along the project site corridors.............................. 219 Table 4.21: water supply ............................................................................................................................. 220 Table 4.22: Main Source of Drinking Water in the region project passes ................................. 222 Table 4.23: Type of Toilet Facility in the region project passes..................................................... 223 Table 4.24: Distribution of power supply in project area ................................................................ 224 Table 4.25: HIV prevalence by demographic characteristics: Ages 15-49 years ....................... 227 Table 5.1: Supplementary Issues and Concerns Raised By Stakeholders in the Project Area ............................................................................................................................................................................. 246 Table 6.1: Impact Matrix ............................................................................................................................. 286 Table 6.2: Concrete Actions on the Project Phases .......................................................................... 302 Table 6.3: Components and Factors of the Environment ................................................................ 303 Table 6.4: Impacts mapping-focused approach (specific Impacts per location) ......................... 304 Table 6.5: Impacts Integration ................................................................................................................... 308 Table 6.6: Impacts Methodology Table................................................................................................... 310 Table 6.7: Impact definitions ...................................................................................................................... 310 Table 6.8: Rating Scale ................................................................................................................................. 311 Table 6.9: Impacts Characterization ........................................................................................................ 312 Table 6.10: Comparison between with other mode of transportation ....................................... 369 Page | xxxv CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 6.11: Alternative per scenario ....................................................................................................... 371 Table 6.12: Development vs. No-Go option decision table ..................................................................... 373 Table 6.13: Climate factor adopted for Design life .................................................................................. 378 Table 6.14: Possible hazards caused by change of climate (precipitation) and proposed solutions. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 381 Table 6.15: Possible hazards caused by change in temperature and proposed solutions. ............... 383 Table 7.1: Summary of Proposed Environmental and Social Mitigation Plan ............................. 388 Table 8.1: Locations of sites where baseline data shall be collected ............................................ 447 Table 8.2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan ........................................................................ 449 Table 9.1: Sample Format for Grievance Register .............................................................................. 495 Table 9.2: Sample Grievance Log/ matrix .............................................................................................. 500 Table 10.1: Benefits and Costs of the Project...................................................................................... 504 Page | xxxvi CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Page | xxxvii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AI Area of Influence AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AQRB Architects and Quantity Surveyors Registration Board BS British Standard CBOs Community Based Organizations CH Critical Habitat CHAA Critical Habitat Area of Analysis CoI: Corridor of Impact CRB Contractor’s Registration Board CRL Central Railway Line DC District Council DED District Executive Director DIZ Direct Impact Zone DWE District Water Engineer ECC Environmental Clearance Certificate EHS Environment, Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMA Environmental Management Act ERB Engineering Registration Board ESF Environmental and Social Framework ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan Page | xxxviii CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) EMP Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan ESS Environmental and Social Specialist FGD Focus Group Discussion FY Financial Year GHGs: Green House Gases GIS Geographic Information System GoT Government of Tanzania GPS Global Positioning System HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ICD Irritant Contact Dermatites IDA International Development Association IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFC International Finance Corporation IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KII Key Informant Interview km Kilometer MOW Ministry of Works NACP National HIV/AIDS Control Programme NEMC National Environmental Management council PAPs: Project Affected Parties (Persons) PIC Project Implementation Consultant PM Particulate Matter QS Quantity Surveyor Page | xxxix CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) RAP Resettlement Action Plan RAS Regional Administrative Secretary REA Rural Energy Agency RoW Right of Way RUBADA Rufiji Basin Development Authority SADC Southern Africa Development Community SATCC Southern Africa Transport and Communications Commission SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SGR Standard Gauge Railway line SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SSEMP Site Specific Environmental Management Plan SSEP Site-Specific Environmental Management Plan SSHSMP Site-Specific Health and Safety Management Plan SWAT Soil and Water Assessment Tool TANESCO Tanzania Electric Supply Company TANROADS Tanzania National Roads Agency TARURA Tanzania Rural Roads Agency TC Town Council TDS Total Dissolved Solid TIRP Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Project ToC Table of Contents TOC: Take Over Certificate Page | xl CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) ToR Terms of Reference TRC Tanzania Railways Corporation TTCL Tanzania Telecommunication Company Ltd. UNEP United Nations Environment Program URT United Republic of Tanzania VECs Valued Environmental Components VPO – DOE Vice President Office – Department of Environment WB World Bank WHO-GPA World Health Organization Global Programme on AIDS WMA Wildlife Management Area Page | xli CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER ONE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) here in after referred to as a proponent is a state corporation established under The Railway Act No. 10 of 2017 with the core mandate of providing an efficient and effective rail transport service, manage and develop rail infrastructure and ensuring rail infrastructure safety and security in Tanzania Mainland. To strengthen TRC operations, the Government of United Republic of Tanzania has applied for a credit from the International Development Association (IDA) in an amount equivalent to US$ 201 million, towards the cost of the Second Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Development Project (TIRP-2), and intends to apply part of the proceeds for contract for provision of Consultancy Services for undertaking the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the proposed Second Tanzania Intermodal and Railway Development Project (TIRP2). TRC has started upgrading the existing Dar es Salaam – Isaka (540 km) railway infrastructure in order to enhance efficiency and safety of railway operations. The upgrades included bridges and culverts, formations, ballasting, track renewal and associated activities within the Central Railway network in stages and will enable introduction of a dedicated “BLOCK TRAINS” to transport 20ft and 40 ft containers between Dar es Salaam and Isaka operating with 18.5 t axle loads and speeds up to 75 kph. Under TIRP 1 a total of 540 km out of 970 km of the railway track (Dsm-Tabora) and 374 bridges were rehabilitated along Dar as Salaam – Isaka railway infrastructure. As a result, unattended railway track and bridges continued to deteriorate. Furthermore, the Tabora- Isaka section and intermodal yards for freight handling as well as Kilosa-Gulwe section were not completed under TIRP. This situation may delay delivery of a reliable open access infrastructure from Dar es Salaam to Isaka as the main objective of the Project. The challenge is that, only 540 km out of 840 km of the railway track (Dsm-Tabora) excluding the 130km railway track section of Tabora-Isaka and only 374 bridges were rehabilitated along Dar as Salaam – Isaka railway infrastructure, as a result unattended railway track and bridges continued to deteriorate. Furthermore, the Tabora-Isaka section and intermodal yards for freight handling as well as Kilosa-Gulwe section were not completed under TIRP. This situation may delay delivery of a reliable open access infrastructure from Dar es Salaam to Page | 1 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Isaka as the main objective of the Project. In this regard, it worth noting that TIRP II will be implemented in the existing operationg railway infrastructure within a stretch of 970km network but only in sections that were not covered during TIRP I. Preliminary social impact assessment and environmental screening that was conducted in January 2012 provided baseline data/information and determined the likely potential environmental, social and economic impacts associated with the project and assessed key issues prior to implementation of the proposed project. Detailed ESIA for TIRP I was conducted in 2018 and certified in 2019 complying with National Standards as per the Environmental Management Act of 2004 and Regulations of 2005 as amended in 2018, WBG Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines and social safeguards and other applicable Operational Policies. Thus, in order to comply with National Standards and Regulations of 2005 as amended in 2018, WBG Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines and Social safeguards and other applicable Operational Policies TRC was decided to update the ESIA for TIRP1 for TIRP 2. Also considering the updating and changes in the national and international laws and regulations, the proponent reviewed all available relevant documents—preliminary design, maps, previous studies and any other work associated with this project —so that they can be updated in accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Management Act (2004), other applicable national laws and the World Bank ESF for undertaking the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment including International Conventions/Treaties. 1.2 Regulatory requirements for the project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment studies were carried out as per the provisions of Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations, 2005 as well as its amendment regulation of 2018 as well as WB Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines (WB-EHS). The Environmental and Social Impact Statement is the main output of the ESIA process providing the environmental authority with sufficient information on the proposed project to warrant the issuance or refusal of an environmental certificate. 1.3 Justification for the Project The main objective of TRC is to provide rail transport services and to develop, promote and manage rail infrastructure. With a vision of being an efficient and reliable rail transport service provider in Africa and to manage the rail transport in a cost-effective manner through Page | 2 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) development, and maintenance of rail systems to provide safe service to local and international customers for sustainable socio-economic development. To attain the mentioned goals, TRC saw that the strengthening of infrastructure will enable the railway track to be able to carry 18.5-ton axle load between Dar es Salaam port and Isaka so as to meet its objectives and thus the TIRP 2 project has seen to be important to be implemented. 1.4 Objective of the study and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 1.4.1 Objective of the Project The proposed Project Development Objective is to to strengthen logistic capacity and develop the inter-modal and rail containers operations in TRC central railway corridor on Dar es Salaam – Tabora – Isaka. The main elements that have been identified as being critical to improve trains operations are (a) capacity and reliability of railway infrastructure, (b) availability and reliability of rolling stock, (c) strengthening of logistic chains at rail-port interface and terminals of the project line section (d) well defined organizational structure and institutional responsibilities. The project will finance the following four components: Component 1: Strengthening of Railway Infrastructure and support of design studies Component 2: Strengthening climate resilience of Kilosa-Gulwe-Igandu section Component 3: Institutional Safety and Operational Support. Component 4: Contingent Emergency Rapid Response Component (CERC). 1.4.2 Objective of the ESIA The main objective of undertaking Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for rehabilitation of the railway line from Dar es Salaam to Isaka is to update baseline data/information and to determine the likely potential environmental impacts associated with the project and provide mitigation measures prior to implementation of the proposed project in compliance with the national environmental requirements and World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). The study will focus on Dar-Isaka segment and review all available relevant documents, namely preliminary design, maps, previous studies, and any other work associated with this project. The study has been carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Page | 3 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Management Act (2004), other applicable national laws and the World Bank ESF for undertaking the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. including International Conventions/Treaties. The study reviewed relevant laws, regulations and functions of TRC in order to clearly reveal the institutional setting or administrative frameworks of the proposed project in Tanzania as far as environmental and social issues are concerned. The specific objectives are: i. To prepare a detailed environmental and social baseline situation; ii. To predict and evaluate possible environmental and socio-economic impacts; iii. To delineate Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring Plan; iv. To develop Emergency Response Plan. 1.5 Parties involved The following sections provide details of parties involved up to this time in the preparation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of the project. 1.5.1 Project Proponent Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) is responsible for the overall management of the project. It is accountable for setting planning priorities, mobilization of funds and taking corrective actions based on monitoring and evaluation framework table 1.1 represent details of the proponent. Table 1.1: Details of the proponent Name of the proponent Tanzania Railway Corporation Contact Person(s) Miss Magdalena Kitila Official Address dg@trc.co.tz Physical Address P.O. Box 76959, Sokoine Drive, Dar es Salaam. Fax: 022 21334028 Phone: 0800 11 00 42 Page | 4 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 1.5.2 Details of the Environmental Assessment Practitioner Khatib & Alami Consulting Engineers were appointed by TRC as consultants for carrying out Consultancy Services for Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the project. The team has then included multidisciplinary experts in the pursuant of the project as shown in the Table 1.2 Table 1.2: Study Team – Key Professional Staff S/No. Name of Professional Position Assigned 7. P.Eng. Franella Halla Environmental Engineer - Team Leader and Environmental Expert 8. P.Eng. Wazia Mtiga Environmental Engineer -Assistant Team Leader 9. P.Eng. Ferdinand B. Mesela Hydrologist 10. P.Eng. Godfrey Katimba Civil/Railway Engineer 11. Dr. Benaiah Lusato Benno Ecologist 12. Mr. Robert Kishiki Sociologist In addition to the above-mentioned Key Professionals, additional Staff included in the study so that to ensure all intended objectives of the study are attained on specified time, the supporting staff are as listed in table 1.3. Table 1.3: Study Team – Supporting Staff S/No. Name of Support Staff Position Assigned 1. P.Eng. Dadi Shahame Civil/Railway Engineer 2. P.Eng. Geoffrey K. Mwanjoka Assistant Hydrologist 3. Linda Nyenzi Assistant Railway Engineer - 01 4. Moses Singibala Assistant Hydrologist - 01 5. Grace Mhina Assistant Railway Engineer - 02 6. Hassan Samadu Assistant Hydrologist - 02 7. Norbert Cosmas Mrema Assistant Environmentalist 8. Daniel Jonathan Assistant Environmentalist Page | 5 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/No. Name of Support Staff Position Assigned 9. Mr. Menance Jonathan Assistant Environmentalist 10. Mr. Dotto Jonas Assistant Sociologist 11. Mr. Edward Gama Assistant Sociologist Source: Consultant 2022; 1.6 Scope of Services for ESIA Study The ESIA study focused on Dar-Isaka segment and reviewed all available relevant documents, namely preliminary design, maps, previous studies and any other work associated with the project. The study carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Management Act (2004), other applicable national laws and the World Bank ESF for undertaking the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment including International Conventions/Treaties. The study reviewed relevant laws and functions of TRC in order to clearly reveal the institutional setting or administrative frameworks of the proposed project in Tanzania as far as environmental and social issues are concerned. The entire study focused on the following tasks as mentioned in the ToR: Task 1. Description of the Proposed Project: Task 2. Description of the Baseline Environmental and Social Components: Task 3. Legislative and Regulatory Considerations: Task 4. Determination of the Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project: Task 5: Analysis of Alternatives to the Proposed Project: Task 6: Development of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP): Task 7. Public Participation and Stakeholder Engagement: Task 8. Assist in Inter-Agency Coordination and Public/NGO Participation: Task 9. Key Measures and Actions for the Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) Task 10. Non-Technical Summary: Page | 6 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 1.7 Methodology and Approach of the Study 1.7.1 Methodology For the preparation of detailed ESIA, the team collected the necessary information through field assessments, government authorities, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)/ Community Based Organizations (CBOs) etc. and carried out public consultations including Focus-Group Discussions (FGDs) as per requirements. Apart from this, environmental monitoring was done to know air quality, noise level, water quality, and ecological monitoring to know the baseline conditions of the area. For the preparation of detailed ESIA, necessary information was collected through field assessments, government authorities, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)/ Community Based Organizations (CBOs), etc., and carried out public consultations including Focus-Group Discussions (FGDs) as per requirements. Apart from this, environmental measurements were done for air quality, noise level, water quality, know the baseline condition of the area. The team has also developed communication links with appropriate personnel of TRC and other relevant key entities with the objective of progress of proposed assignment in a timely manner. The scope of the study is to describe the project and evaluate all the possible positive and negative impacts on environment and socio-economic condition of the project area. The figure 1.1 depicts the schematic diagram for detailed ESIA tasks and approach. Page | 7 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Review of Literature (Existing report, ESIA reports, and other project related reports, Policies documents, etc.) Baseline information, data collection, Environmental Monitoring Socio-economic/cultural Physical Environment Biological Environment environment (flora/fauna, RET species, (Air, Topography, Land Use Land Livelihood, Economic activities, Endemic species, etc.) Cover, Soil Erosion and Land Cultural, Religious Components, Degradation, Climate & Meteorology, Health & Safety, etc. etc.) Public/Stakeholder Impact Identification and Consultation Assessment Environment Alternative Analysis al and Social Preparation of ESIA Report. Monitoring Plan Preparation of ESMP Propose Mitigation Measures Figure 1.1: Approach for Preparation of ESIA Page | 8 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 1.7.2 Data Collection Literature review has been used for the ESIA study. The prime objective is to review of existing studies, environmental legislation, environmental and social surveys, and technical documents relevant to the project. The team collected required information from different government departments, academic institutions ( universities), public agencies, research institution, authorized websites, etc. The collected information ( policy documents, published books, journals, and census data) has been reviewed by the team for better understanding of project area, environment, sensitiveness, and socio-economic structures see figure 1.2. ESIA Secondary Primary information Information Field GIS Legislative and Collection Investigation/ Public/Stakeholder Mapping Institutional /Review of Monitoring Consultations Framework Secondary Analysis Literature/Data Figure 1.2: Procedure for Data Collection 1.7.3 Mapping GIS maps were prepared to illustrate the climatic conditions, land use & land cover patterns and topographic information, and other related parameters. The mapping was based on geographical coordinates collected during field surveys, consultations, and information from government departments and while some are based on data available from satellite images and authorized websites. 1.7.4 Inception Phase The consultant team visited the project sites several times (Reconnaissance Survey from July to August 2022) and interacted with various stakeholders such as Ward offices, City council, Municipal District Offices, regulatory authorities, Community groups, Non- Government Organizations (NGOs/CBOs) during for conducting the preliminary investigations to define Page | 9 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) the scope of the ESIA study. The stakeholders had been identified through a detailed stakeholder identification and mind- mapping process in discussion with TRC. The findings of the preliminary assessment had been recorded, documented, and presented in this report. 1.7.5 Preparation of ESIA During the preparation of ESIA following tasks were followed: I. Review of Legislative and Regulatory Framework The team studied the relevant legislations and policies of Tanzania related with the projects. The WB Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) are also studied and analyzed to streamline the policies that are triggered by the project. II. Environmental and Socio-Economic Baseline Study The team collected and assessed information on key environmental and social parameters present within the project areas (direct influence zone). The approach for the environmental and socio- economic baseline study is as follows: A. Environmental Baseline Study Literature Review Other than primary data collection through survey, environmental monitoring, stakeholder consultations, information were also collected from secondary sources through literature review. The documents, which were reviewed for collecting secondary information include feasibility study report, design reports, relevant research papers, journals etc. These documents were obtained from the Government Departments, TRC, government as well as other authorized websites and academic institutions. The received literatures were reviewed, relevant information was extracted and referred in this ESIA report. The documents, which were referred for this ESIA are listed below: Government Departments and TRC: Provision of Consultancy Services for Field Assessment and Preparation of Tender Documents for the Track Works and Maintenance Contracts of Dar ‐ Isaka along Railway Central Corridor 2016, Detailed Design Report. Page | 10 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) ESIA for TIRP1 Standard Gauge Railway Line (SGR) Project Dar es Salaam – Makutopora, Tanzania Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, TZ, 2019). The United Republic of Tanzania National Environmental Policy (Govt Document (Tz), 1997) as amended in 2021. Dar Es Salaam city 2016-2036 master plan volume i- main report. Proposed Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Project (TIRP) Rehabilitation of Railway Line Including Track Renewal and Bridges Upgrading Between Dar Es Salaam And Isaka Along The Core Corridor To Mwanza, 2013, Proposed Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Project (TIRP) Rehabilitation of Railway Line Including Track Renewal and Bridges Upgrading Between Dar Es Salaam and Isaka Along The Core Corridor To Mwanza, 2019, Authorized websites: International Union for Conservation of Nature (RET species categorizations, research papers, Key biodiversity areas, etc.), Bird International (important birds’ area, Endemic Birds Area), World Bank (Project related documents-Project appraisal documents, Project information documents), ADB (Study reports), etc. Academic Institutions: Research papers/journals from Dar es Salam University. Sustainability of the Standard Gauge Railway Construction Project in Tanzania. Jianmin Wang and Victor Sifamen Sekei Mar, 2021. Simionescu, V.; Silvius, G. Assessing sustainability of railway modernization projects: A case study from Romania. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2016, 100, 458–465. Donaldson, D. Railroads of the Raj: Estimating the impact of transportation infrastructure. Am. Econ. Rev. 2018, 108, 899–934. Field visits Page | 11 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Field visits had been initiated from the inception phase and continued throughout the period of ESIA study (figure 1.3 to figure 1.4). The major objective of the visit is to gather site related information including social economic data. And, also to understand the existing conditions of the site and, to obtain reports of earlier study carried out for the review and analysis purposes. After every site visit of the expert, there was a brief discussion about the project upgrading with the TRC technical team. Figure 1.3: Consultant Team during Reconnaissance Survey (July 2022). Figure 1.4: Expert team during air quality measurement Page | 12 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Field Monitoring: The team conducted monitoring for physical, and biological components of the environment. The detail monitoring process is given below: - i. Air Quality Air Quality Monitoring refers to systematic measuring of the quantity and types of certain pollutants in the surrounding area. Air quality monitoring was done to know air quality in the project influenced area. Parameters PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, CO and H2S were selected for monitoring. The concentrations level of each parameter was measured by using Air Quality Monitoring Devices, i.e., Aeroqual series 500. Portable fixed sensor was used for PM10 & PM2.5, while Multi RAE Lite wireless portable multi gas monitor was used for monitoring NOx, SO2, CO and H2S. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring was carried out for three point (considering the sensitivity and type of the receptor) at each region along the project corridor. Samples were collected on maximum 8-hour basis for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) & nitrogen oxide (NOx) and 24 hours for the particulate matters & sulphur oxide (SOx) as per the requirement of Tanzanian Guidelines. The sampling locations were selected based on: Topography of the project influence area. Densely populated areas within the project area. Wind Direction and wind speed. Avoidance of construction activity or any other activity, which may be temporary in nature. The monitoring locations are as per table 1.4 results are presented in Chapter 5 for monitoring location see in the appendix 2. Page | 13 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 1.4: The monitoring locations Co ordinate Sl. Region Sampling Category of the Latitude Longitude No. Location area 1. AQMS-1 Industrial, 39.2552 -6.8357201 Commercial and 2. AQMS -2 39.2454 -6.8409901 Residential 3. Dar es AQMS -3 39.2313 -6.8482199 Salaam 4. AQMS -4 Rural, Commercial 38.8647 -6.83776 and Residential 5. AQMS -5 38.8482 -6.8288298 6. Pwani AQMS -6 38.8228 -6.83042 7. AQMS -7 Industrial, 37.658 -6.8172598 Commercial and 8. Morogoro AQMS -8 37.6517 -6.80937 Residential 9. AQMS -9 37.645 -6.8001399 10. AQMS -10 Industrial, 35.7586 -6.1854 Commercial and 11. Dodoma AQMS -11 35.7425 -6.1829901 Residential 12. AQMS -12 35.7316 -6.1726198 13. AQMS -13 Rural, Commercial 35.0274 -5.7256098 and Residential 14. Singida AQMS -14 35.0146 -5.7034898 15. AQMS -15 35.0046 -5.7102799 16. AQMS -16 32.8375 -5.0363302 17. Tabora AQMS -17 32.8252 -5.02461 Page | 14 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Co ordinate Sl. Region Sampling Category of the Latitude Longitude No. Location area 18. AQMS -18 Industrial, 32.816 -5.01366 Commercial and Residential 19. AQMS -19 Rural, Commercial 32.9246 -3.91764 and Residential 20. Shinyanga AQMS -20 39.2552 -6.8357201 21. AQMS -21 39.2454 -6.8409901 ii. Noise quality Noise monitoring was conducted to assess the background air and noise levels in the project site and its surrounding area. Noise Quality Monitoring was based on ‘The Environmental Management Quality Standards (Control of Noise and Vibration Pollution) Regulation, 2010 (Final Draft). The site selected for noise monitoring is given below Table 1.5 and as appended in the appendix 2. Table 1.5: Noise Quality Monitoring Stations Co ordinate Sl. Location Category of Area Latitude Longitude Code No. Region 1. NM-1 Industrial, 39.2552 -6.8357201 Commercial and 2. Dar es Salaam NM-2 39.2454 -6.8409901 Residential 3. NM-3 39.2313 -6.8482199 Page | 15 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Co ordinate Sl. Location Category of Area Latitude Longitude Code No. Region 4. NM-4 Rural, Commercial 38.8647 -6.83776 and Residential 5. Pwani NM-5 38.8482 -6.8288298 6. NM-6 38.8228 -6.83042 7. NM-7 Industrial, 37.658 -6.8172598 Commercial and 8. NM-8 37.6517 -6.80937 Residential 9. Morogoro NM-9 37.645 -6.8001399 10. NM-10 Industrial, 35.7586 -6.1854 Commercial and 11. Dodoma NM-11 35.7425 -6.1829901 Residential 12. NM-12 35.7316 -6.1726198 13. NM-13 Rural, Commercial 35.0274 -5.7256098 and Residential 14. Singida NM-14 35.0146 -5.7034898 15. NM-15 35.0046 -5.7102799 16. NM-16 Industrial, 32.8375 -5.0363302 Commercial and 17. Tabora NM-17 32.8252 -5.02461 Residential 18. NM-18 32.816 -5.01366 19. NM-19 Rural, Commercial 32.9246 -3.91764 and Residential 20. Shinyanga NM-20 39.2552 -6.8357201 21. NM-21 39.2454 -6.8409901 Page | 16 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Monitoring Method: Ambient noise level or sound pressure levels (SPL) were measured by a portable sound level meter having built in facilities to read noise level directly in dB. A- weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) values were computed from the values of A- weighted SPL measured with the help of noise meter. Noise monitoring equipment was calibrated before starting the monitoring. The equipment (with attached microphone) was placed at approximately 1.5 m above ground level and away from buildings/structures to prevent reflection. A windscreen was placed on the microphone to prevent measuring errors by wind blowing across the microphone. Equipment was checked periodically to ensure device is working properly. Climatic conditions and ambient sounds observed during the measurement period was documented. At each location, noise monitoring was conducted continuously over a period of twenty-four hours to obtain Leq values at uniform time intervals of 1 hour. Daytime Leq has been computed from the hourly Leq values between 6.00 a.m. and 10.00 p.m. and nighttime Leq from the hourly Leq values between 10.00 p.m. and 6.00 a.m. using the following formula. Where, Li = Leq value of the ith hourly time interval. Area category: A-Any building used as hospital, convalescence home, home for the aged, sanatorium and institute of higher learning, etc.; B-Residential building; C-Mixed Residential (with some commercial and entertainment); D- Residential and industrial small-scale production and commerce and E- Industrial area. Daytime: 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.; Nighttime: 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m. iii. Water quality ➢ Monitoring location and frequency Page | 17 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Three stations were monitored by the consultant during in July, 2022. Exact locations and chainage along the project area are presented in Table 1.6, one sample was collected and analyzed per location. Table 1.6: Number of Stations Source Name Source ID Easting Northing Ruvu River RR 460804 9247433 Mkata River MR 274474.70 9247581.51 Kidete River KR 249962.89 9263181.02 ➢ Sampling techniques In an effort to standardize the sampling techniques, it was agreed that the water sampling, sample preservation, sample transportation and storage, would be carried out in accordance with methods outlined in the 20th edition of the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (Clesceri et al., 1998 ) or in accordance with TBS standards. Specifically, the procedure designed to: Collect water samples using the simple surface grab technique at the middle of the stream where free flowing water is observable Collect water samples at about 30 to 50 cm under the surface of the stream. If in- situ measurement was not possible, immediately preserve samples collected with proper preservative agents (i.e., sulphuric acid for nutrients measurement) and store in a cooler to prevent further breakdown of chemicals and biological contents. Analyze all water samples within the recommended holding time ➢ Laboratory analytical methods Following with the requirement of the sampling plan water quality sample were preserved and transported for the measurement at Ardhi University Laboratory in Dar es Salaam. Water quality samples were measured by following the established analytical method elaborated in the Table 1.7. Page | 18 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 1.7: Water quality parameters and their corresponding analytical methods Analytical Recommended analytical methods parameter Ph TZS 861(Part 2):2006 – Electrometric Method Color ISO 7887: 1994, Water quality –Examination and determination of colour– Section 3: Determination of true colour using optical instruments Turbidity APHA Standard Methods:2130 B. Nephelometric Method Salinity Potentiometric Electric Conductivity Potentiometric Total Dissolved Solid Potentiometric (TDS meter) Ammonia Nitrogen Nessler method Phosphate Ascorbic Acid Method/ Spectrophotometer HACH DR/4000 Calcium TZS 861(Part 7):2006 – Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Magnesium TZS 861(Part 7):2006 – Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Sodium TZS 861(Part 7):2006 – Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Iron TZS 861(Part 7):2006 – Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Lead TZS 861(Part 7):2006 – Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Zinc TZS 861(Part 7):2006 – Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Chromium TZS 861(Part 9):2006 – Colorimetric Method ➢ Data assessment Status and trends The maximum, average and minimum values of each water quality parameter were analyzed for each monitoring station to show the status of water quality and the average value were taken as a result in this report. These values were compared to TBS water quality Standards to identify any exceeded values that need special attention as presented in the Chapter 5. Page | 19 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) B. Biodiversity and Ecological Baseline Study Biological and ecological investigations were conducted with emphasis on terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna biodiversity. Fauna biodiversity focused on large mammals, small and medium sized mammals, birds and herptiles (reptiles and amphibians). Flora biodiversity emphasized on vegetation physiognomies, types and plant life forms in particular the identification of trees, shrubs, herbs, sedges, lianas, climbers and grasses. As part of the biodiversity baseline surveys; aquatic surveys were conducted with emphasis on fish, macro- invertebrates, and riparian vegetation. The target fauna groups within project areas were surveyed using a combination of dung and other animal signs, key informant interview, literature review and opportunistic collection and observation on a casual basis. Birds were surveyed by using a combination of calls, observations and scanning the habitats with the aid of field binoculars. A rapid qualitative assessment of selected vegetation covering Acacia-commiphora bushlands, miombo woodlands, thickets, scrubland and croplands was conducted to check and assess the floristic composition, conservation status and degree of human disturbance/interference, and hence help to detect, reveal and predict changes as a result of the impact of proposed transmission line on the environment, particularly on vegetation characteristics. Qualitative assessment was based on opportunistic observations of trees, shrubs, herbs, and grasses and ground floras throughout the fieldwork. For literature review, the intention was to obtain information on flora and fauna biodiversity occurring in or around the proposed project areas. In the literature synthesis, particular attention was paid to species which could trigger World Bank Environmental and Social Standard 6 - ESS6. To attain this ESS6 were reviewed. In order to understand the biodiversity species associated with project footprint areas the following databases were also queried: i. Tanzania Biodiversity Information Facility (TanBIF) database to understand flora and fauna species in the Area of Interest (AOI) of the Railway line. ii. Naturalist project database to understand flora and fauna species associated with the proposed project area. Page | 20 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) iii. Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) database to understand migratory fauna species. Biodiversity Assessment Biodiversity assessment was undertaken as part of the Biological and Ecological Impact Assessment associated with the proposed project. This assessment was undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the ESS6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources. Relevant to this baseline ecological survey the ESS6 were considered. These guidelines were explored to come up with opportunities for protecting and conserving important terrestrial biodiversity habitats within proposed project areas. C. Socio-economic Baseline Study (i) Primary and Secondary Data This assessment is based on primary exercises like field investigations, consultations/meetings with relevant stakeholders and secondary sources for instance, socio-economic data were obtained from books, reports, journals and other sources such as National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Municipal councils, TRC, NGOs, CBOs, Universities and other sources. These documents are listed below: 1. The United Republic of Tanzania, 2012, Population and Housing Census, National Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Finance Dar es Salaam and Office of Chief Government Statistician President’s Office, Finance, Economy and Development Planning Zanzibar. 2. Dar Es Salaam city 2016-2036 master plan volume i- main report. 3. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2016 and the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment (MITI), 2016. 4. Municipals’ social economic Profiles. (ii) Public and Stakeholder Consultations Page | 21 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Public and Stakeholder Consultations is a stakeholder engagement process that involves the local population and project stakeholders in collecting the baseline information on socio- economic profile and providing their views and feedback to consider in the project design and management. It also helps the project authority to establish the communication links with communities and stakeholder relevant to the project and in identifying and managing the risks and threats that may come across during project implementation. Thus, an effective public consultation approach was adopted to achieve these objectives, which includes the following steps (Figure 4.5). Figure 1.5: Steps to Public and Stakeholder Consultations The stakeholder’s engagement through consultations includes identification of stakeholders, analysis of their objectives and interests, and consultations. Figure 1.6 shows the simplified diagram of stakeholder engagement. Page | 22 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 1.6: Stakeholder Engagement Process Stakeholder Identification Stakeholder’s identification was done though following process (a generalized stakeholder identification process in illustrated in Figure 1.7): Literature review. Brainstorming and information collected through initial discussions with project entities and other relevant stakeholders. Obtaining ideas through review of previous similar projects and others. Identification through surveys, questionnaire, and profile analysis. Expert judgement. Page | 23 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Brain Storming Stakeholder Identification Stakeholder Mind Lists Mapping Figure 1.7: Stakeholder Identification Process Analysis of Stakeholder's Objectives and Interests Once the stakeholders have been identified, their impacts on and interests in the project assessed considering the following objectives: i. Who adversely affected by potential environmental and social impacts in the project’s area of influence? ii. Who are the most vulnerable among the potentially impacted stakeholders? iii. At which stage of project development will stakeholders be most affected (e.g. procurement, construction, operations, decommissioning)? iv. What are the various interests of project stakeholders and what influence might this have on the project? v. Which stakeholders can best assist with the early scoping of issues and impacts? Page | 24 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) vi. Who strongly supports or opposes the changes that the project will bring and why? This analysis can be done through mind mapping activities (a form of diagrammatic or visual interpretation of relationships between subjects), which help in clarify project objectives and dependencies and categorization and prioritization of the stakeholders. National Environment Management Council (NEMC), Dar es Salaam City Council Health Department (DSCCHD), National Bureau of Statistics, Dar es Salaam, National Environment Management Council, Ministry of Water (MoW) Ministry of Lands, Ministry of Health, Tanzania Forest Service, Tanzania Electricity Supply Company Limited (TANESCO), Occupational Safety and Health Authority (OSHA), Regional Offices, Municipals and Districts Offices, Ward Councils, Village Councils, etc. Consultations Following consultation-based methodologies was adopted for the ESIA study: One to one meeting. Focus groups discussions. Page | 25 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Stakeholder workshops. The information on each consultation and meetings along with the photographs were included in the report and raw forms in the Appendixes with attendance sheets. One to One Meeting: One to one meeting was carried out with key Stakeholders based on pre-set questionnaires to focus on the project objectives. Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) FGDs were carried out with local communities, local and regional authorities, cultural and religious groups, NGOs, and other project stakeholders. In FGDs, discussions were held on the issues set out by the key expert of the team. The issues be related to environment and social components. In order to carry out the discussion more effectively and efficiently, the team involved around 10 to 15 participants at a time during the discussion. During the FGDs, precautions were taken so that the discussion remains focused but open, not get influenced or structured by the interviewer/conductor. The one-to-one consultation and FGDs carried out throughout the project as per requirement to know the issues, concerns, suggestion of the local communities, local and regional authorities, and other key stakeholders. (iii) Analysis of Alternatives Different options based on project design, technology, rehabilitation techniques, etc. were compared in the report based on feasibility study. Apart from that there is a comparison in terms of disposal options and disposal locations for different materials. Similarly, the comparative analysis of With Project and without project Scenario is also presented. (iv) Identification of Impacts and Mitigation Measures Based on the findings of the field investigations and consultations, team of experts identified the potential impacts of all the project/sub-project specific activities related to construction, Page | 26 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) operation and decommissioning phase and the cumulative impact assessment (CIA). Interaction matrix has been used to identify the interaction between project activities and the environmental and social sensitivities. This records the rationale for the impacts and their potential significance, mitigation measures, linked to relevant legislation, the construction contract requirements, and the provisions of the ESMP. Impacts are identified from environmental and socio-economic baseline as affecting the receptors air, water, land, biodiversity, resources, and community. These were further categorized into pre-construction, construction, operational and decommissioning impacts. After the identification of impacts, suitable and viable mitigation measures are proposed for each potential negative impact for all construction, operation, and decommissioning phases of the project. (v) Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is the key to ensure a sustainable development. It comprises of all the mitigation measures, which have been proposed for the identified potential impacts. The budget required for the implementation of the proposed ESMP is also provided. 1.7.6 Impact Assessment • Impact Assessment Process The purpose of impact assessment is to identify and evaluate the significance of potential impacts on identified receptors and resources according to defined assessment criteria and to develop and describe mitigation measures that will be taken to avoid or minimize any potential adverse effects and to enhance potential benefits of the project. The impacts of the proposed Project were identified based on the findings of stakeholder consultation, the existing baseline conditions, the proposed Project activities, and professional knowledge of the consultants. Impacts are first distinguished as either positive or negative. The cross-sectoral issues and aspects are: health; safety; air quality, especially dust; waste management; social aspects particularly labor recruitment and management; infrastructure, and utilities. Page | 27 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) • Impact Types and Definitions An impact is any change to a resource or receptor brought about by the presence of a Project component or by the execution of a Project related activity. The evaluation of baseline data provides crucial information for the process of evaluating and describing how the Project could affect the biophysical and socio-economic environment. Impacts are described according to their nature or type, as summarized in table 1.8 Table 1.8: Impact Nature and Type Nature or Type Definition Positive An impact that is considered to represent an improvement on the baseline or introduces a positive change. Negative An impact that is considered to represent an adverse change from the baseline or introduces a new undesirable factor. Direct impact An impact that results from a direct interaction between a planned project activity and the receiving environment/receptors (e.g. between occupation of a site and the pre-existing habitats or between an effluent discharge and receiving water quality) in detail see section 6.1.1. Indirect impact An impact that results from other activities that are encouraged to happen as a consequence of the Project (e.g. in-migration for employment placing a demand on resources) in detail see section 6.1.2. Induced impact An impact that results from other activities (which are not part of the Project) that happen as a consequence of the Project (e.g., influx of camp followers resulting from the importation of a large Project workforce). Cumulative impact An impact that acts together with other impacts (including those from concurrent or planned future third-party activities) to affect the same resources and/or receptors as the Project in detail see section 6.1.3. Page | 28 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) • Assessing Significance Impacts are described in terms of ‘significance’. Significance is a function of the magnitude of the impact and the sensitivity/vulnerability/importance of resource/receptor . • Determining Impact Magnitude Impact magnitude (sometimes termed severity) is a function of the type, extent, duration, scale, and frequency of the impact. These characteristics apply to both planned and unplanned events/ impacts and are briefly described in Table 1.9. An additional characteristic that pertains only to unplanned events is likelihood. The likelihood of an unplanned event occurring is designated using a qualitative scale, as described in Table 1.9. Table 1.9: Impact Characteristics Terminology Characteri Definition Designations stic Type A descriptor Direct Indirect Induced indicating the relationship of the impact to the Project (in terms of cause and effect) Extent The “reach” of the Local - impacts that affect an area in a radius of 20km impact (e.g., around the development site. confined to a small Regional - impacts that affect regionally important area around the environmental resources or are experienced at a Project Footprint, regional scale as determined by administrative projected for boundaries, habitat type/ecosystem. several kilometers, International - impacts that cross national borders, etc.). affect nationally important environmental resources or affect an area that is nationally important/or have macro-economic consequences. Duration The time period Temporary - impacts are predicted to be of short over which a duration and intermittent/occasional. resource / receptor Short-term - impacts that are predicted to last only is affected. for the duration of the construction period. Long-term - impacts that will continue for the life of the Project but ceases when the Project stops operating. Permanent - impacts that cause a permanent change in the affected receptor or resource (e.g. removal or Page | 29 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Characteri Definition Designations stic destruction of ecological habitat) that endures substantially beyond the Project lifetime. Scale The size of the [no fixed designations; intended to be a numerical impact (e.g., the value or a qualitative description of “intensity”] size of the area damaged or impacted, the fraction of a resource that is lost or affected, etc.) Frequency A measure of the [no fixed designations; intended to be a numerical constancy or value or a qualitative description] periodicity of the impact. • Identification of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures For activities with significant impacts, the ESIA process is required to identify, in collaboration with the Project proponent, suitable and practical mitigation measures that can be implemented. Mitigation that can be incorporated into the project design, in order to avoid or reduce the negative impacts or enhance the positive impacts, have been defined and require final agreement with the client as these are likely to form the basis for any conditions of approval by NEMC. The implementation of the mitigation is ensured through compliance with the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan (ESMoP). (ESMMP) • Residual Impact Evaluation After first assigning significance in the absence of mitigation, each impact is re-evaluated assuming the appropriate mitigation measure(s) is/are effectively applied, and this results in a significance rating for the residual impact. Page | 30 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 1.8 General Approach A multi-disciplinary team of experienced sociologist, scientists and environmental professionals was assembled to carry out the required resource assessment, generation of baseline data, determination of potential impacts and recommendation of mitigation measures. An iterative approach among the environmental team members and other project professionals was adopted. The team utilized the checklist for data gathering, analysis, and presentation whereby team members conducted the reconnaissance investigations together to determine the critical elements for analysis and the issues to be highlighted for the design and planning process. Team meetings were held to discuss the progress of investigations and analyses and facilitate integration of data toward an understanding of the systems at work in both the natural and built environment. The study approach was done extensively in the following aspect of the environment: 1.8.1 Air Environment Collection of surface meteorological data like wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, rainfall, ambient temperature etc. Design of ambient air quality monitoring network Measurement of 24-hourly average background concentrations of PM, RPM (size <10 μm), SO2, O3, NO2 and CO. 1.8.2 Noise Environment Establishing existing status of noise levels in residential, commercial, industrial areas and silence zones within the block area for proposed project. 1.8.3 Land Environment Collection and assessment of secondary data for the soil done in the study area. Soil characteristics data were taken from FAO soil global map and Geological Survey of Tanzania website and the result is as described in sub section 5.4.1.4. 1.8.4 Water Environment Collection of surface water resources for determining quality of water in the study area. Page | 31 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 1.8.5 Biological Environment Collection of data on flora and fauna with respect to project area; Collection of information on wildlife sanctuaries / reserve forest if any in the vicinity of the project area; Assessment of species diversity, density, and abundance etc., within the study region. 1.8.6 Socio-economic Environment Rapid field appraisal techniques in conjunction with desk research were employed to investigate; The socio-economic considerations within the project area, • Population and settlement characteristics • Land uses and livelihoods • Developments underway • Infrastructures in place • Water supply and other utilities • Waste management practices • Recreational activities • Communication and Welfare facilities i.e. hospital, educational institutions and project awareness amongst the public 1.8.7 Anticipated Environmental Impacts Identification of Environmental Impacts associated with project activities Assessment of Environmental Impacts due to the proposed activity on air, land, water, biological and on human interests; Prediction of adverse impacts due to activities related to proposed project activities. 1.8.8 Mitigation Measures Page | 32 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) It is recommended that all equipment is operated within specified design parameters during construction, operation and decommissioning phases. Use of ear muffs/plugs and other protective devices should be provided to the workforce in noise prone areas. According to WB-ESF requirement the project will use the mitigation measures hierarchy below so as to minimize the project impact to the environment, which includes avoidance, minimization, restoration and compensation. Avoidance: During the rehabilitation of railway line, the contractor shall identify and avoid potential impacts to the extent possible. This shall involve careful planning and design to minimize disturbance to sensitive habitats, water bodies, or cultural sites. It may include route selection that avoids environmentally or socially sensitive areas, such as protected habitats or communities. Minimization: If avoidance is not entirely possible, efforts should be made to minimize the impacts. This includes employing construction techniques and technologies that reduce noise, vibration, dust, and other disturbances. Minimization measures may also involve optimizing construction schedules to minimize disruption to local communities and ecosystems. Restoration: After construction, the contractor shall restore any areas that were disturbed or impacted. This may involve re-vegetation of embankments, restoration of water bodies, or rehabilitation of affected ecosystems. Restoration efforts should aim to enhance biodiversity, ecological connectivity, and the overall ecological function of the area. Compensation: In cases where avoidance and restoration are not sufficient, compensation measures can be considered. This will involve creating new habitats, establishing wildlife corridors, or implementing conservation initiatives in nearby areas to offset the ecological impacts. Compensation measures should be designed to provide equivalent or greater ecological value compared to the areas affected. 1.8.9 Environmental and Social Management Plan Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) will be drawn after identifying, predicting, and evaluating the significant impacts on each component of the environment with a view of maximizing the benefits from proposed project. The following measures will also be included in the ESMP. Page | 33 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Recommended mitigation measures required to address environmental concerns such as wildlife and habitat protection, cultural and archaeological sites protection, terrain stabilization, maintaining freshwater horizons, debris disposal and conservation of natural drainage and water flow. Provide a comprehensive and detailed plan covering environmental variables to be monitored, the location and timing of sampling and the use to be made of monitoring data to ensure compliance with the applicable environmental rules/regulations throughout the life of the project. Delineate post-closure plan coexisting with natural surroundings for abandonment of project components. 1.9 Limitations of the study This report is based on the data collected from primary and secondary sources, visual inspection, discussions with government officials and local people. Ideally, the ESIA study should be carried out considering seasonal aspects of a complete data set. However, the time allocated for this assignment was not adequate to gather primary data with seasonality (dry and wet seasons) therefore other data was supplemented from secondary sources. Contents of the ESIA 1.10 Report Structure According to the ToR, the ESIA report will be divided into the following Chapters as listed below: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3. EXISTING REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 4. APPROACH & METHODOLOGY 5. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 6. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS 7. INTER-AGENCY AND PUBLIC/NGO CONSULTATION 8. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 9. IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES Page | 34 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 10. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 11. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN 12. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 13. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14. LIST OF REFERRENCES 15. LIST OF APPENDICES Page | 35 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER TWO 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Project Overview The Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Project (TIRP) aimed at improving the performance of Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) (management and operational) in carrying out intermodal transport services along the Central Corridor and hence increase its market share within the transport sector as well as improve its financial self-sustainability. The improvement in the corridor includes bridges and culverts, stations, formations, ballasting, track renewal and associated activities. The activities which will be done in stages and will enable the introduction of a dedicated “BLOCK TRAINS” to transport 20 ft and 40 ft containers between Dar es Salaam and Isaka operating with 18.5 t axle loads and speeds up to 75 kmph. The Project basically acts as Type A transport infrastructure project as defined in the first schedule of the Environmental Management (Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit) (Amendment) Regulations, 2018 which read as one with the Environment Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005. 2.2 Project Location and Accessibility The study area is between Dar es Salaam and Isaka on the central line railway corridor. It is an existing operating railway line which was partly rehabilitated through TIRP 1. The TIRP 2 project covers a stretch of 430 km, with a corridor of 7.5 m each side from Dar es Salaam to Isaka falling under the jurisdiction of seven Regions, namely Dar Es Salaam, Pwani, Morogoro, Dodoma, Singida, Tabora and Shinyanga see figure 2.1 and other in Appendix 2. Page | 36 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 2.1: Project Location map Page | 37 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 2.3 Adjacent features The project is a linear transport infrastructure project which passes through seven regions of Tanzania and different Districts/ Municipalities (i.e. Dar es Salaam City Council, Kibaha Town Council, Morogoro District Council, Morogoro Municipality, Kilosa District Council, Mpwapwa District Council, Dodoma Municipality, Bahi District Council, Manyoni District Council, Itigi District Council, Nzega District Council, Uyui District Council, Sikonge District Council, Tabora Municipality, Kahama District council and Msalala District council) having different characteristics and designations (urban, Semi urban or rural). The project is passing through or is adjacent to several features that can either be natural or manmade including telecommunication lines, graves, schools, residential houses, industries, farms, rivers, streams, water utilities, borrow pits, warehouses, small markets, etc. The details of the facilities per chainage is given in Appendix 6. Therefore, these features will be either positively or negatively affected by the project implementation. Thus, in this ESIA descriptions and impacts of all features are made in accordance with EMA, 2004 and World Bank ESF standards that will be triggered. 2.4 The Right of Way (RoW)/ Railway Reserve According to the Second Schedule of the Railways Act No. 4 of 2017, The Right of Way/way leave of the railway line is 30 m from the center line of the railway line on both sides (left and right sides). ,In this project, 15 m (7.5m at each side from the track) project corridor is considered from Dar es Salaam to Isaka. Within this designated project’s corridor there was no encroachment observed. Most of the permanent structures along the corridor are located out of the RoW as per Railway Act, 2017. However, at chainage 17/4 in Pugu area where there is a graveyard close to the corridor, in a section that was part of TIRP I that was provided with proper addressing in RAP and therefore will not be of concern during TIRP II. 2.5 Sensitive Receptors As described in section 2.3 the project site is passing through several biotic and abiotic entities which may be constituted of different ecosystems along the railway corridor. However, during the field visit, both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems were observed to be near or crossed by the 7.5m project corridor of implementation. No critical habitats were identified since it is an existing operating railway with adapted environment already. Moreover, the ESMP Page | 38 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) provided mitigation measures to be taken when passing in these identified areas during construction stage. These are ponds, rivers, streams, wetlands, forest reserves, desert ecosystem, etc. As per Article 52 (1) of the EMA, 2004 Swamp areas were declared as sensitive areas and since the project also passes through several swampy areas, seasonal and perineal rivers, it may be declared that in some areas the project site passes through or is very close to sensitive areas/ ecosystems which might trigger the requirement of EMA, 2004 as well as WB-ESF especially ESS6 (see figure 2.2). Figure 2.2: Wetland at Mkadage Area 2.6 Existing Situation The proposed project site is already existing and operational consisting various existing infrastructure and facilities. Their state and operational condition as assessed during the study shall be described in this section. However, based on the reference made from the engineering report done by CPC consultant for the project in 2017, the description of the project divided in to four Sections: I. Section -A- Dar - Ngerengere (KM 0.0 - KM 145.0) Page | 39 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) II. Section -B- Ngerengere – Kilosa (KM 145.0 - KM 283.3) III. Section -C- Kilosa – Itigi (KM 283.3 - KM 626.0) IV. Section -D- Itigi – Isaka (KM 626 - KM 970) This ESIA shall also use the same chronology. 2.6.1 The railway tracks The railway track consists of the terrace onto which the rail is fixed on sleepers. Ballast is appropriately placed on the terrace for stabilization purposes. The existing rail track covers 2,724 km of Single-Track Meter gauge railway network in 12 Regions. The rail is constructed of 2 parallel steel rails attached to perpendicular crossties (sleepers) made of steel and/or wood/timber at/near crossings and stations. The crossties are mounted on a terrace of ballast with underlying sub-ballast and fine-grained sub-grade foundation. While crossties made of timber/wood are resilient and tend to give smooth ride, they often require initial chemical treatment to reduce rot and attack by insects and are also not structurally suitable for modern high-speed tracks. In addition, they have negative environmental impact since they are derived from forests. The current status of the railway line is composed of 141 km of light rails of 56.12 Lb./yd, 662 km of 60 Lb./yd and 431 km of 80 Lb./yd. In this case, TIRP II aims to upgrade the track line to 80 Lb./yd in those sections that were not rehabilitated during TIRP I. Ballasts for the CRL are obtained from Tura quarry in Tabora and generally consist of 150- 225 mm deep layer of stone crushed to a size of 40-65 mm for providing support to the crossties, promoting drainage and minimizing organism growth on the tracks. 2.6.2 Level Crossings The level crossings are provided on railway line in all strategic areas especially in the area where the railway track crosses with the road to mention few are Kamata, Buguruni, Kipawa, Gongolamboto, Soga, Ngerengere, Morogoro, and Dodoma Tambuka Reli. These are provided to allow road traffic to pass across the Railway track. However, it was noted that in some places the design allowed road traffic to pass over or under the railway track where in some areas all are in the same level as seen in the list of photos/ figure provided in the appendix 5. Page | 40 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) According to TRC general rules of 1997 level crossings may be manned or unmanned. Therefore, only a few sections along the corridor have provided with gatemen at manned level crossings to regulate the traffic and in an unmanned level crossing. The team noted that the railway corridor crossing different class of the road, with different visibility conditions and volume of road traffic. Based on consultations done the team does not get the exact number of accidents that occurred at the level crossing however, there are some circumstances of accidents that were reported to occur at the level crossing in urban areas (railway crossing areas in major towns) as well as rural areas. The accidents occurred due to different reasons to mention few are failure to follow railway track /road signs to all road users, absence of railway track makers or indicator to some areas for example at Igandu primary school where safety signage was placed in a wrong area where students are not crossing, with poor visibility at some crossings. This triggers the requirement of the World Bank ESS4 (Community Health and Safety) to be considered so as to minimize health and safety risks to the communities and Road users. Team noted that some of the areas along the project need to have the following as remedial measures to reduce the risk of accidents. Manning of level crossings, Providing lift barriers, Level crossing indicators, Stop signs for level crossings, Speed breaker at level crossings, Rumble strips at level crossings. Page | 41 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 2.3: Railway crossing at line Police in Dodoma Region NOTE As the level of the passing road traffic is the same as that of the railway track, the crossing is referred to as a level crossing. 2.6.3 Drainage structures The inventory and visual assessment of existing drainage structures was conducted along the railway track in order to assess their present condition on functional level for both hydraulic and structural requirements. The information required for assessing the capacities of the existing structures, structure type, siltation and erosion, opening sizes and description of terrain were recorded for each structure. Local bystanders were also queried regarding yearly flood levels experienced at all major structures and/or structures of special interest to assist in the initial assessment of the adequacy of the hydraulic capacity of the existing facilities. The in-depth details of the surveyed structures are as documented in the Inventory of Existing Drainage Structures Schedule, appended to this report as Appendix 7. Page | 42 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 2.6.3.1 Cross-drainage structures From the railway condition assessment and inventory of existing drainage structures, the railway track has a total of 1,597 existing cross-drainage structures with the following classification: I. 369 Bridges II. 612 Pipe Culverts (Cross and Access): III. 616 Box Culverts: Generally, most of the existing structures have clogged openings due to siltation and, as such, were observed to be non-performing to their full capacity. However, the actual number of the structures to be rehabilitated in TIRP II will be determined as the a result of the ongoing assessment studies of Dsm-Tabora and Tabora-Isaka for scope and budget allocated for the Project.Project. One major notable impairment on the drainage facilities within the railway line (and area in its vicinity) was the erodibility of the soils within their vicinity. Gulleys and scour holes were observed mostly on the outlets. significant number of the major structures crossing major rivers are overtopped and flooded with storm water during heavy storm events and rainy seasons. Evidence and details of these are as documented in the Inventory of Existing Drainage Structures Schedule, appended to this report as Appendix 7. This situation has informed the Consultant of the impacts that these events have exerted on the physical environment especially if the high hydraulic requirements of the railway line are not met, and the need for higher railway embankments and crossing structure heights is not incorporated in the Design stage of the railway line. Some of the structures have broken end structures such as headwalls and wing-walls and therefore subjecting the embankment to deterioration and creating hazardous environment for the railway users as indicated in the list of figures below. 2.6.3.2 Linear drainage structures Apart from the major cross-drainage structures, linear drainage facilities of the railway line were also observed and measured. Lined drain ditches of Grouted Stone Pitching and/or Reinforced Concrete, were observed at several locations, while unlined Earth Drains/Channels were also observed. Some drains appear to be performing well (by accommodating the flow without spilling/overflowing into the railway) while at other locations, the channels were overtopping as well as eroded due to lack of lining. Page | 43 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Below is a collection of site photos showing key areas with challenges associated to the existing drainage facilities. The photos are meant to offer a clear picture of the existing drainage situation as discussed in the previous sub-sections, in supplementing the detailed information as provided in the Inventory of Existing Drainage Structures Schedule, appended to this report as Appendix 7. Soil Deposition inside opening of a Small Box Culvert Nearly 70% of anticipated Opening Size is at Mzaganza (Kilosa) at Chainage 305 + 509.6 clogged with Sand/Siltation at Mzaganza (Kilosa) at Chainage 305 + 146 Page | 44 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Inadequate/insufficient opening sizes led to severe overtopping of the railway track at the Munisagara plain (Kilosa). It was noted that, 3 years ago, the Mkondoa River spread greatly, resulting in flooding. at Chainage 300 + 883 New CBC Structure constructed in the recent TIRP 1 Ponding/Stagnation of Water at Outlet of a Improvements at Munisagara (Kilosa) at Chainage Small Slab Bridge at Chainage 296 + 210 295 + 845 Page | 45 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Upstream of the great Mkondoa River Bridge at Munisagara (Kilosa). Water is known to reach the Steel Girder Level at Chainage 294 + 371 Over 50% Clogging of 5 cells of CPCs at Mkadage (Kilosa) at Chainage 284 + 050 Page | 46 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Small Open Rectangular Concrete Drain approaching Kilosa TRC Station Marker Post at Chainage Kilosa Centre at Chainage 281 + 870 282+ 000 Proximity between MGR and SGR Tracks and Well-packed Gabion Matresses at Drainage Structure dominant at Chanzulu (Kilosa). at Chainage 274 +634 Chainage 274 +634 Page | 47 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Ponding/Stagnation of Water at Chanzulu Bridge at Chainage 273 +390 Downstream of the Main Mkata River Bridge at Mkata (between Kilosa and Mvomero). Page | 48 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Downstream of a Minor Mkata River Bridge at Mkata (between Kilosa and Mvomero). at Chainage 293 + 707 SGR Overpass Bridge at Lukobe (Morogoro Urban). at Chainage 230 + 201 Page | 49 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Damaged End-Structures of CPC 900 mm at Ch. Gabion Boxes and Mattress Protections on 1+490 Outlet of Culvert at Ch. 32+375 Outlet End of Box Culvert at Ch. 44+625. Eroded Scour Hole at Outlet End of Pipe Culvert at behind Wing walls Ch. 50+786 Debris of Damaged Old Structure at Outlet Severe Siltation of Box Culvert at Ch. 64+081 End of Box Culvert at Ch. 78+470 Page | 50 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Rocky Bed of the Khoronaida River Figure 2.4: List of drainage structures along the project site 2.6.3.3 Remarks and conclusion on existing structures Based on the site observations and preliminary assessments of the existing drainage structures, the following remarks and conclusions were drawn: i. A large portion of the railway track has faced the impacts of poor drainage facilities leading up to scenarios of wash ways, flooding, storm water overflowing/overtopping the track as well as ponding. Details are as documented in the Inventory of Existing Drainage Structures Schedule, appended to this report as Appendix 7. A key point to note on this aspect is that, all the mentioned impacts have occurred and/or are occurring in the past and present environment; whereas the future scenarios are considered to be more crucial and severe due to the ongoing impacts of climate change on the regimes and patterns of rivers and all other modes of surface runoff. In this regard, the track, as well as neighboring establishments, do not stand a chance unless proper improvement of the facilities is carried out. ii. Replacement of the Existing Structures with new structures is necessary to cater for: Page | 51 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Inadequacy of the Hydraulic Opening Capacity of the existing structures as compared to the Design Discharge to be conveyed at the same location and current Flooding scenarios. Incorrect Positioning of the existing structures. This applies to those whose main channel evades the opening of the facility and crosses the railway elsewhere, resulting in further deterioration of the railway. Severe Siltation and Clogging of the existing structures, indicative of the need for a larger opening to facilitate transportation of sand and other debris Structural Failure of the existing structures whose end-structures and/or main culvert units/cells have been fractured, cracked, broken, dislocated, honeycombed, exposed of rebar, rusted or worn-out. iii. Addition of Cross-Drainage Structures at areas where none previously existed is a necessity. This is due to the fact that climatic changes and urbanizations (constructions activities) have resulted in changes of the flow regimes, resulting in the additional streams/channels crossing the railway at points which originally were not being crossed. Apart from the above factors, some crossing locations may simply have been mistakenly overlooked in the previous railway investment. Thus, the new structures are meant to cater for the same. iv. A few existing structures appeared to be structurally intact and in good condition while hydrological analyses revealed that the existing hydraulic opening capacity is sufficient for the Design Discharge to be conveyed. 2.6.3.4 Flood plain areas Lowland areas and flood plains were observed; with most serving as agriculture and cattle grazing near the railway line. The challenges observed at the areas (as reported by witnesses and local residents) include: i. Collection/ponding of surface runoff from storm water for long durations of time due to either the area having extremely low gradient or not having a definite flow path/direction. ii. Deterioration of the existing gravel railway as a result of the ponding. iii. Encroachment of water in the nearby residents and local establishments. Page | 52 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) iv. Total blockage of the existing railway path, a situation that forces the railway users to opt for other longer routes and/or cross the water with bare feet (for pedestrians) The proposed proper treatment of the areas is proposed and includes: i. Raising of the Railway Embankment. ii. Provision of a series of Relief Structures (either box or pipe culverts) along the plain area stretch to lower the water depth that would otherwise be too high due to damming that would result from the raised embankment to be constructed. 2.6.4 Bank Conditions Most of the railway alignment between Dar es Salaam and Isaka is on embankment. In general, the condition of the banks observed to have the following conditions Worn out ‘shoulders’, Damage to side slopes, Damage to banks has also occurred due to landslides caused by intense runoff, unlawful vehicular crossing, human and animal trespassing see in figure 2.5 and table 2.1 Table 2.1: Bank condition Section Bank Condition Photo Remedial Measure Evidence A Bank condition in this section See appendix 5 - Ensure there is a proper observed to be poor especially crossing for animals, trucks from startup of the project to and other things along the Pugu area where there is a lot stretch, of human activities done - The upgrading should consider across the project, i.e., all the design recommendations forms of trespassing including provided from SGR which runs unauthorized crossings for parallel humans, animals and vehicles - Side drainage should be as well as lack of drainage constructed to protect the Page | 53 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Section Bank Condition Photo Remedial Measure Evidence structures along MGR line also bank where storm runoff are improper dumping of solid directed in the Rail way line, waste in the banks. - Regular cleanness and The other area from Pugu to monitoring along the truck Ngerengere bank observed to - Rebuilding the eroded be fairly good however it has embankments with suitable fill some areas affected by the materials to the standard cross existence of SGR, animal trace sections. pacing, lack of side drains and - Improving the drainage unauthorized crossings for conditions of the formation at humans and animals surface and sub-surface - levels B The section has stable banks See appendix 5 - Ensure there is a proper but with low embankments crossing for animals, trucks heights at few locations. and other things along the Within the Morogoro urban stretch, area where there is rampant - The upgrading should consider human, animal and vehicular the design recommendations trespass. provided form SGR, The section between Mkata - - Side drainage should be Kimamba is a low flood area constructed to protect the with a lot of grazing. The cases bank where storm runoff is are very low with scattered directed in the Rail way line, ballast. - Regular cleanness and The section between Kimamba monitoring along the truck and Kilosa has an embankment - Rebuilding the eroded with very low cases at many embankments with suitable fill locations. materials to the standard cross sections. Page | 54 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Section Bank Condition Photo Remedial Measure Evidence There are some areas where - Treating the top layer of the the project crosses in the area soil with quick lime so as to with Black cotton Soil reduce the harmful effects of the soil, - Consolidating the soil at optimum moisture content - Improving the drainage conditions of the formation at surface and sub-surface - levels C In this section there are some See appendix 5 - Ensure there is a proper places has poor banks which crossing for animals, trucks result in the poor operation of and other things along the the railway. The poor stretch, condition in the banks caused - The upgrading should consider by Flooding, unauthorized the design recommendations human, animal trespassing, lack provided from SGR, of side drains, damping of solid - Side drainage should be waste in the banks, etc. constructed to protect the The section between Kilosa bank where storm runoff is and Gulwe faces severe directed in the Rail way line, problems due to overtopping - Regular cleanness and of banks and washouts. monitoring along the truck The noted areas were those - Rebuilding the eroded just after Kilosa station up to embankments with suitable fill Gulwe station where the materials to the standard cross Mkondoa River runs close to sections. the railway, affecting the - Treating the top layer of the railway line in many parts. For soil with quick lime so as to Page | 55 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Section Bank Condition Photo Remedial Measure Evidence example, at 287/8km the reduce the harmful effects of railway line had shifted due to the soil, serious river bank erosion, and - Consolidating the soil at at 293/2km at the bridge optimum moisture content where the Mkondoa River crosses the railway line floods that occurred in December 2009 destroyed the Railway line Other sections where railway embankment is in bad shape lie within the urban areas of Dodoma, Manyoni and Itigi. D The section is at a fairly level See appendix 5 - Ensure there is a proper with shallow cuttings and crossing for animals, trucks banks. The bank between and other things along the Malongwe and Nyahua, from stretch, km 758 – 764, lies in Nyahua - Side drainage should be swamps, and as a result it has constructed to protect the unstable formation and bad bank where storm runoff is track parameters. The track directed in the Rail way line, between Tabora and Isaka - Regular cleanness and traverses through several monitoring along the truck flood plains and rice fields. The - Rebuilding the eroded banks are generally low. embankments with suitable fill materials to the standard cross sections. Page | 56 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Section Bank Condition Photo Remedial Measure Evidence - Improving the drainage conditions of the formation at surface and sub-surface levels Figure 2.5: Solid waste dump site along the railway bank at Kizota Dodoma 2.6.5 Cuttings The project site from Dar es Salaam to Isaka passes though different landform having different topographical features and characteristics. Thus, leaded the construction of the Railway line to have cuttings in some areas. The cuttings conditions observed by the team per section are as described below. Page | 57 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Section - A This section started from Port area in Dar es Salaam where it crosses in the city center with no side cuttings due to the landform of Dar es Salaam. However, the exit between Pugu and Mpiji there is mountainous areas where the Railway traverses through it and thus cuttings were made. Example of the chainage of the stretch of railway alignment within which earth cuttings is made is from km 24.4 to 28.7. The Masonry and stone pitching have been done in those areas where threat of landslides exists. Further, field inspection revealed that the existing catch water drains are silted up with overgrown vegetation. The only rock cutting in this stretch is located near Kidugalo station at km 134, which appears to be stable. Section - B There are no deep ‘earth’ cuttings in th is section. However, there are a few rock cuttings between Ngerengere and Mikese. ‘Boulder falling’ caution signs have been installed near some cuttings, indicating danger. Information given from station masters in this section revealed that, in recent years, no incident of boulder falling, and infringement of the line has been reported. The cuts are vertical or at very sharp gradient. Some protective measures such as cement lining have been applied on a few stretches. Section - C The section between Kilosa and Godogode has long stretches of rock cuttings and the line meanders along the Mkondoa and Kinyasungwe rivers. Information obtained from TRC, 2017 design report indicated that there was a study done by JICA which recommended a comprehensive engineering solutions for the section between Kilosa and Gulwe. The measures included re-routing of the line on nine stretches. However, these recommended measures were not actualized yet, the area still has problem with some temporary measures taken. Itigi – Isaka (Package D) The terrain from Itigi to Isaka is fairly level and there are no high cuttings in need of special attention. Observation done at the site revealed that the Railway line in this area passing through low land areas with swamps and black cotton soil. Page | 58 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 2.6.6 Track materials During the site visit the team observed the track along Dar es Salaam - Isaka have the following materials Rails, Sleepers and fittings/ Fastenings of different type depending on the section where it is installed or located. Rail A flat-footed rail , also called a vignole rail (Figure 2.6), with an inverted T-type cross section of inverted T- type was observed along all section of the project. The rail was directly fixed to the sleepers with the help of spikes. Figure 2.6: Flat footed Rail Observations made revealed that in some section the rail had wearing effect which caused due to the passage of moving loads and friction between the rail and the wheel of the trucks. And sometimes the rail head gets worn out in the course of service. However, the team noted that the effects of weather conditions such as changes in temperature and rains, the presence of materials such as sand or gravels cause considerable wear and tear of the vertical and lateral planes of the rail head. Within the project Wear was observed to be more prominent at some special locations of the track. The locations are the following: Page | 59 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) b. On sharp curves, possibly due to centrifugal forces, c. On steep gradients, possibly due to the extra force applied by the engine, d. On approaches to railway stations, possibly due to acceleration and deceleration, Sleepers Reference made from design report provided the steel sleepers was recommended in all sections of the project. However, during the field visit the team observed the Railway truck have been installed with two types of sleeper wooden sleepers and steel sleepers. Wooden sleepers: these were observed mostly in bridges they have a thicker section of about 25 cm × 15 cm or 25 cm × 18 cm (see figure 2.7). The mentioned normal service life of wooden sleepers installed estimated to be about 15 years. Figure 2.7: Wooden sleepers at Magadu Page | 60 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Steel sleepers: About 98% of the central railway track on is laid on steel sleepers. It has been noticed by the team that in some area of the sections steel sleepers tend to become loose due to the bending of the pressed-up lugs or due to wear at the rail seat. The holes also get elongated during service. Special types of shims and liners are provided in these circumstances to hold the gauge well. Another problem observed is that they tend to become centre bound. Fittings/ Fastenings: The purpose of providing fittings and fastenings in railway tracks is to hold the rails in their proper position in order to ensure the smooth running of trains. These fittings and fastenings are used for joining rails together as well as fixing them to the sleepers, and they serve their purpose so well that the level, alignment, and gauge of the railway track are maintained wit hin permissible limits even during the passage of trains. The design done for this project recommended the existing railway line to be converted into Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) track. However, not all parts of the railway were converted to CWR as recommended up to now. Survey done from Dar es Salaam to Isaka revealed that Fish Plates, Fang Bolts, Pandrol clip or elastic rail clip and Spring steel clip were installed in the track. 2.6.7 Railway signage Two types of the railway sign were observed along Dar es Salaam – Isaka Railway line: these are warning signs and indication signs. As per referred TRC general rules of 1997 the signage are placed in the strategic areas however it was noted that they are not adequate and sufficient enough to cover its intended purposes in all sections example at TAZARA where is one of the major level crossings to the project corridor it does not have visible rail way sign on both sides of the Road. The signage observed in the project site were: I. The Permanent Warning Boards Maximum Speed Boards; Speed Restriction Boards; Facing Point Boards; Stop Boards; Stop/Change Lever Boards; Whistle Boards, Boulder Boards; Page | 61 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Derailer Boards; Infringement of Structure Gauge Signs; Marking of Gauge Infringements and Other Dangerous Line Sides Objects; Limit of Shunt Boards; and Signal Warning Boards; Momentum Grade Boards II. Indication Signs Kilometre Posts These are made of stone, concrete, unserviceable steel sleepers. These are placed at every kilometre, half kilometre and 100m. Markings on Kilometre posts are black numerals on a white background see figure 2.8. Figure 2.8: Kilometer post Page | 62 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Gradient Posts Gradient posts along the project line are erected at all point where the gradient in the line changes. The rehabilitation of this project has to make sure that signage is well placed to the appropriate areas to minimize risk to the road users and nearby communities as per requirement of ESS4. III. Station Name Boards The Station names are written on the station building and/or placed at both ends of the station where can be seen when entering or leaving the station. Not all stations have station name boards. 2.6.8 Stations The crossing stations between DSM and Isaka are: Pugu, Mpiji, Soga, Ruvu, Magindu, Ngerengere, Mikese, Morogoro, Mkata, Kilosa, Kidete, Gulwe, Igandu, Kikomo, Dodoma, Kigwe, Bahi, Makutupora, Manyoni, Agondi, Itigi, Kazikazi, Kitalaka, Karangasi, Tura, Malongwe, Nyahua, Goweko, Igalula, Itulu, Tabora, Kakola, Nzubuka, Ipala, Bukene, Mahene, Isaka (see figure 2.9). At each station there is a station master (except Mahene) where the driver must obtain an authority to proceed also known as a ‘line clear’ in order to enter the next block section. This system ensures that a suitable ‘space interval’ is provided between running trains so that there are no collisions and accidents. The layout of stations varies in size and importance according to the type and volume of traffic handled and according to their locations with respect to cities or industrial areas. It was observed that not all stations have the same size and facilities in place. However, most of the facilities in all stations observed to be dysfunctional or in poor condition due to maintenance status. Some stations, especially intermediate stations, have toilets. Others don’t have toilets including Nyahua, Igalula, Mahene and Ipala. Solid waste and wastewater management at all stations were also observed to be poor since no places were designated to manage all types of wastewaters produced in that station. The Page | 63 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) problem may highly be observed during rehabilitation period since the toilets in the station may also be shared with the construction crews. Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Dodoma and Tabora found to be big compared to the rest of the stations due to their designated task/ purposes to be done. The team identified the following environmental concerns associated with major stations: Littering from scattered obsolete and work out scrapers, parts including coach batteries, worn-out forklifts, leaking roofs (which exposes staff and threatens equipment and machines to corrosion attack), old and unusable materials etc. Sawmill and carpentry dust; Lubricating oil spills and oil washings resulting from lack of oil interceptors; Unsorted wastes; Oil leaks from locomotives; Air pollution from open burning of saw dust loaded with lubricants; Blocked drainages; and Oil polluted soil. Page | 64 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 2.9: Railway Stations 2.6.9 Track Maintenance For track maintenance, the TRC organized gangs (camps) of 8-10 people (provided with all social facilities where possible. One gang is responsible for a track length of up to 8 km. Each gang reports to a keyman and is responsible for the following: Ensuring proper ballast and cushion on the tracks to prevent/minimize possible lateral movements of the tracks; Clean and remove grass and related growth and dirty and cut tall grass and tree branches obstructing close to the RoW leaving a minimum of 1.5 m clean and clear view on each side of the railway track; Page | 65 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Clean all side drainages/furrows to avoid water logging and grow grass where necessary to minimize erosion; and Screen and replace ballast and ensure their adequacy, proper tamping and lining. However, observations done at site revealed that few gangs reside in the houses provided by TRC while others come from villages which are nearby the project site. The main reason for them to stay in the villages is due to poor conditions and maintenance of the houses provided by TRC. The team observed some of the houses do not have roof and are left to deteriorate due to the weather conditions and others have roof, but no one is living and thus wild animals and thieves are living there as seen in figure 2.10. Figure 2.10: Gang Houses at Isanenge Environmental and Social Issues Associated with Track Operation and Maintenance According to the Environmental Assessment and Management Guidelines for the Railways Sub -Sector (URT, 2013), environmental threats resulting from the operation and maintenance of the track includes: Population increases and the impact of it has led to increased releases and change in behaviors of catchment areas; Page | 66 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Land use changes with increased paved areas as well as increased water loads; Accident involving killing of animals (both wild and domestic animals especially cows); Serious littering and waste dumping on the tracks close to towns and between towns (Pugu -Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Dodoma, etc.); Invasion of TRC owned areas and assets including car parking on diamond-space which is accompanied by environmental and safety problems; Forest destruction for wooden/timber sleepers (Mishu, Mtundu and Mkora from Tabora Misitu); Serious damages from flash floods (Mkondoa river in Gulwe/Kilosa and increased water flows from the mountains as a result of deforestation and climate change; Sanitary wastes which drop directly over the tracks threatening the environment and human (including gang workers) life; Pollution in gang camps due to inadequate provision of required amenities; Noise during blasting; and Theft of sleepers and other railway assets. 2.6.10 Utilities 2.6.10.1 Water sources and usage Referring to the nature of the project site and locations of the stations, number of water sources from subsurface to surface sources are used in the project corridor. Some stations use underground water sources i.e. dug well or borehole available nearby their locations while others use surface water through pipe supplied from respective water supply Authorities. The absence of reliable sources of water to some stations may cause the possibility of sanitation diseases to the users which may trigger the requirement of the WB- ESS3 and ESS4. Therefore, the proponent/ contractor (during rehabilitation) will be required to undertake specific piping installation within the project site to suit the intended operations. The following operations such as ablution, toilets, kitchen and firefighting require water thus the project must have well above ground and ground water storage tanks with appropriate sizes to cater all needs of the project. The estimated total water demand per day during project phases are summarized in table 2.2 Page | 67 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 2.2: Water demand Phase of the project Activities Water Demand Litres per day Construction 8000 Installation phase Domestic 300 Air pollution suppressing 20000 Total water Demand 28300 Cleaning 5000 Operation Phase per Domestic 3000 station Ablution 2000 Total water Demand 10000 Fire fighting 100,000 Note: The estimation of the water demand based on expert knowledge and that given in the water and wastewater design manual. 2.6.10.2 Electricity Major use of electricity power for the project would be for lightning and operations of buildings in camps/sub camps and offices and running of electrical equipment in workshops. Main source of electricity will be supplied by TANESCO via an installed transformers available nearby the stations. Moreover, standby generators will be installed in case the default in the electric supply grid. ESS3 provides for energy efficiency requirements aim to promote the efficient use of energy resources and reduce environmental impacts. In short, the technical requirement is to ensure that projects or activities implement measures to enhance energy efficiency. Corrective measures needed would involve implementing energy-saving technologies, adopting energy-efficient practices, and optimizing energy use. This may include upgrading equipment, improving insulation, utilizing renewable energy sources, implementing energy management systems, and promoting energy conservation awareness among project stakeholder 2.6.10.3 Wastewater management Liquid waste generated at the stations of the project site are mainly domestic wastewater which consists of black water (excreta, urine, and faecal sludge) and grey water (kitchen and bathing). Assumption made on the average number of the people per stations which is 64 person per day, thus, it is estimated that 3072 Liters of wastewater shall be generated per day, this taken from 60l per capita per day as referred in the Water and Wastewater Design Page | 68 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Construction Manual, 2020. The management of the wastewater generated is still a problem to most of the nearby stations and along the truck therefore the Project shall ensure a proper Waste Management Plan is developed and implemented to accommodate all scenarios of working in linear project sites as well is the camps/subcamps depending on the size of workers stationed. Moreover, waste water management and treatment should adhere to the Environmental Management Act, 2004 provisions in collaboration with the respective authorities at District and Regional levels. In line to that oils spills traces were also found to some stations especially the stations at Dar es Salaam, Morogoro and Tabora, thus during rainy season the storm runoff to the areas might have small quantities of oil that going to the streams and resulting to the water pollution and thus triggering WB – ESS3 (Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management). 2.6.10.4 Sanitary facilities Sanitary services available in some of the stations of project site; includes toilets and bathrooms. Not all toilets and bathrooms in the stations designated for Male and Female and are in adequate for those stations having toilets. Also, observation made revealed that all toilets available in the site no one has the provision for disabled people. The following measures has to be in place to ensure that the systems operate optimally during all phases of the project see toilet at Zuzu station in figure 2.11, whereby will eliminate the risk of water and land pollution which triggers ESS3 as well as social risks such as social conflicts as per ESS1 of the WB-ESF Inspection for scum and sludge depth once each year so that scum or sludge cannot escape from the tank into the drain field, Each station should be provided with proper designed toilets having provision to all users as proposed in Appendix 4, The tank emptied once every three years, Water entering the tank be minimised by using water wastage reduction means such as press only taps for taps and washbasins, Toilets to be redesigned to ensure they have male and female sections as well as disabled sections are available as per attached drawing in the appendix 4. Page | 69 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 2.11: Toilet at Zuzu station 2.6.10.5 Firefighting system During the study period Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Dodoma and Tabora stations has installed with portable fire extinguishers to fight for fire in case of fire emergences while the rest has no any system or provision of firefighting equipment installed to fight for fire emergences. The objective of the Fire and Gas Detection System is to: Provide early detection of fire Provide alarm to alert personnel Provide specific automatic response in selected high priority alarm situations Thus, the team suggested that all stations have to be installed with firefighting equipment do that to be used in case of any fire emergency either in stations or in the train. All Fire Page | 70 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) protection systems are to be designed in accordance with the Codes and Standards. At the building, a Fire Alarm Control panel (FACP) must be provided with addressable heat, manual call points and external audible alarms. Manual, portable handheld or wheeled fire extinguishers has also to be fixed in place at the facility as per the methodology used in the determination of the required amount of fire extinguishers detailed in NFPA 10. On top of that, the following measures to prevent generation of fire shall be taken on board: Smoking and the use of matches or any other source of fire in the terminals/ stations and operational area is strictly not allowed, Elimination of combustible materials in the storage area will be done by the housekeeping team. 2.6.10.6 Solid waste management system The observed solid waste generated from the site consists of packaging materials, food waste, scrap metals, oil drums, papers, pieces of worn-out clothes, plastic bottles, yard sweepings and maintenance wastes. Scrap metals generated from the maintenance of the track they are stored near by the track throughout the corridor, oil drums generated to the stations with maintenances shades, while the rest observed to all stations and along the track. No sorting of waste is done at the site thus hazardous and nonhazardous are all mixed together. Information given at site no any record has been taken if there is a special registered hazardous waste collector has been given a contract to collect hazardous waste generated. Instead of that all waste are collected to some stations buried in the pit while others are burning in an open environment which result to the environmental pollution see figure 2.12. The waste produced by the Project should adhere to the developed waste management plan whereby separation at source, collection points established as per type of waste but also handling hazardous waste using NEMCs certified contractors for transport and disposal at the authorized disposal sites. Non-hazardous waste shall be collected and disposed to the authorized dumpsites as instructed in EMA, 2004. This is to be done so that to protect environment as per requirement of EMA, 2004 and WB - ESS3. Page | 71 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 2.12: Solid waste burning pit at Mahene 2.7 Project Phases 2.7.1 Design Phase Based on the information given from TRC, the design of the project has been done by CPCS consultants where they had been engaged to prepare works contract documentation by undertaking surveys of the network and designing the required interventions, including producing drawings, specifications, bidding documents and cost estimates. The Consultancy services covered Dar es Salaam – Tabora and Tabora – Isaka. The studies were done from 2014 to 2016. However, as per ToR for this project, TRC has started upgrading the existing Dar es Salaam – Isaka (970 km) railway infrastructure to enhance efficiency and safety of railway operations since 2019 and completed in 2020. A total of 540 km of the railway track and 374 bridges were rehabilitated along Dar as Salaam – Isaka railway infrastructure. Therefor there is still Page | 72 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) remaining 430 km railway part of the project which has not yet rehabilitated and that was due to financial constraint. It is believed that the finding and recommendations of this study might form a basis of design of the remaining part or should recast some oversee to the design that have already been done. 2.7.2 Mobilisation Phase In view of the nature of the project, the mobilization of the project consists of obtaining all required insurance, bonds and permits, preparatory work and operations necessary for the movement of personnel, equipment, supplies, and incidentals to the project sites, preparation of stores and other facilities necessary for work on the project sites clearance and disposal of all wastes and all other work which must be performed or cost incurred prior to the beginning of work at the project site. During mobilization, different types of waste are anticipated to be produced. The waste is constituted of both hazardous and nonhazardous - to mention few are swept wastes, steel bars, oils and the food remains for people who will be preparing the site for construction/ maintenance activities. 2.7.2.1 Sourcing of materials During mobilization phase, different materials shall be procured so that to ensure construction or rehabilitation of the rails is done in a timely manner and efficiently as it will be prepared. Reference made from the Design report done by CPCS consultant, the following were the materials that were proposed to be procured during the mobilization phase of the project: Rails, Sleepers, Fastenings, Ballast, Railway signage. The source of these materials is indicated in the table 2.3. Table 2.3: Construction Materials for the proposed warehouse building No Name Origin Quantity 1. Rail to be imported To be determined during design period 2. Sleepers to be imported To be determined during design period 3. Fastenings to be imported To be determined during design period Page | 73 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) No Name Origin Quantity 4. Ballast Quarry Sites Within Tanzania source To be determined will be contractors’ choice during design period 5. Railway signage Within country To be determined during design period 6. Cement Within country To be determined during design period 7. Sand Within country To be determined during design period 8. Steel Bar Within country To be determined during design period 9. Water DAWASA/boreholes To be determined during design period Source: K and A 2022 Information obtained from design report done by CPCS consultant indicated borrow pits per section were as follows, Section A: Dar – Ngerengere The borrow pit materials at Mpiji and Ngerengere are shown to have CBR strength of 12% and 13% respectively. They are therefore found to be suitable for improved subgrade. However, the section utilizes high strength materials from Vigawa Kisarawe, with CBR strength greater than 25%. This section requires about 104,997m 3 of ballast for both track refurbishment and complete track renewal of the railway line The borrow pits at Vigawa Kisarawe, Ngerengere and Mpiji found to have more than enough material to cover earthworks requirements for this section of the railway line. The Vigawa Kisarawe borrow pits have been used for previous road works by TANROADS and have vast amounts of high-quality material that can be used for works in this section of the railway line and beyond Section B: Ngerengere - Kilosa The borrow pits that fall under this package include Mikese and Kimambila. The quality of the materials at these pits is such that the CBR strength ranges from 12 to 18% respectively and are therefore suitable for subgrade improvements. The materials for pavement construction will require being hauled from Vigawa-Kisarawe and beyond the railway line, as this section does not have adequate construction materials. The borrow pits at Mikese, Kimambila and Vigawa-Kisarawe have enough material to cater for the earthworks needs of this section of Page | 74 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) the line. This section requires about 121,383m3 of ballast for both track refurbishment and complete track renewal of the railway line Section C: Kilosa – Itigi The borrow pits along this section have large quantities of high strength materials with CBR strength ranging from 13% to 20%. There is a total of 9 borrow pits in this section, including two pits in Itigi, and one each in Aghondi, Manyoni, Saranda, Kigwe, Kikombo, Igandu, and Msagali. The materials found at Saranda have good strength with a CBR higher than 30% in some areas, which is required for embankment construction. These borrow pit locations have more than enough material to supply the earthworks needs of this section of the track. . This section requires about 108,828m3 of ballast for both track refurbishment and complete track renewal of the railway line Package D: Itigi – Isaka The borrow pits along this section have been shown to consist of good quality materials, especially along the cutting section of the railway line. The total number of 11 borrow pits are investigated in this section including Isaka, Malolo, Isagehe, Ipala, Mlima wa rada, Tabora, Malongwe, Ipulanilo, Kitaraka, Kazikazi, and Itigi. The quality of materials along this section varies in CBR strength, i.e. from 12% to 20% at 95% compaction. In addition, the existing borrow pits for road construction that were opened along Itigi - Tabora road between Kazikazi and Tura stations could be used for embankment construction in this section. It was observed that the material present at these sites is more than sufficient to cover the earthworks needs of this section of the railway line. This section requires about 95,137m3 of ballast for both track refurbishment and complete track renewal of the railway line On top of that, the team reviewed available documents for the project and noted that the following were identified as Quarry rock and stone sources: a) Lugoba Quarry The review of existing literature indicates that Lugoba Quarry located along Chalinze-Tanga road consists of high-quality rock suitable for railway ballast b) Msolwa Quarry Page | 75 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) The review done at this area showed that there is no uniformity in the quality of material, and it changes from hard to soft in different sections of the pit. It is also noted that the government has already closed the quarry due to the growing population and residential settlement surrounding the area. c) Tura Quarry We have also reviewed the existing information about Tura Quarry along Itigi-Tabora road. Tura quarry is the only quarry owned by TRC, which has been used since started in 1985 by then TRC to produce ballast for the Central railway line. The quarry is located at km 697 near Tura station along the Central Line. The igneous rock (granite stone) has shown to consist of good quality producing ballast with Los Angeles Abrasion Value between 20 – 25% (Source: TRC). The crushing equipment has aged but if repaired /maintained to operating condition, the quarry would have the capacity to produce up to 1,000 tons per day. 2.7.2.2 Transportation of materials The contractor will be required to select quarry site or borrow pit on his own desire where will also be responsible for the transportation of all construction materials and equipment from point of sourcing to the site mainly by using Roads or Railway line. Most of the construction material such as steel, timber, Iron bars, etc. may be brought from places far away from the project site but efforts shall be made to source materials as close to the site as possible to minimize transportation impacts and cost for transportation. The transportation of materials should be done to ensure the protection of the environment as per requirement of the EMA, 2004 and WB – ESF (as per ESS 1, 2, 3 and 4). 2.7.2.3 Duration The duration of this phase is estimated to be Four (4) months per each section of the project. 2.7.2.4 Manpower During this phase, about 200 people will be recruited to perform all required activities. However, in many cases, the labor force (total or partial) needs to be brought in from outside the project area. In several cases, this influx is compounded by an influx of other people (“followers”) who follow the incoming workforce with the aim of selling them goods and services, or in pursuit of job or business opportunities. The influx of the people under certain conditions, it can affect project areas negatively in terms of public infrastructure, utilities, Page | 76 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) housing, sustainable resource management and social dynamics. Thus, TRC through its consultant of the project shall ensure ESS2 is adhered accordingly and the recruitment for the labors to the project shall ensure gender balance. ESS2 recognizes the importance of employment creation and income generation in the pursuit of poverty reduction and inclusive economic growth. 2.7.2.5 Storage Some of the materials from borrow pits will be used directly after delivery and as such no piling up is expected along the corridor. Other materials like aggregates and sand will be stored at the backyard of the camp site ready for use. Cement and reinforcement bars will be stored in special storage rooms. Timber will directly be used at the required areas and consequently there will be no stockpiling of timber at the camp sites. Fuel will be stored in drums at bounded areas. 2.7.2.6 Types, Amounts and treatment/disposal of Wastes Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the pre-construction phase are shown in Table 2.4 Table 2.4: Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the pre- construction Bphase Waste Types Amount Treatment/ Disposal Vegetation (Trees, (Based on Clearance for Mulching, composting and Natural Shrubs and campsites) barriers and erosion control Grasses) and Solid Waste remnants of (Degradable) timber. Food remains, (Based on generation Collected in a large skip bucket at the cardboards and rate of 20 g/day/ person) campsite then to be composted and papers used as manure for the gardens at the camp site or transported to damp site. Topsoils 1 (Based on removal of Backfilling material in the borrow pits, 10 cm topsoil from the fill the diversions. (area for Contractor’s Page | 77 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Waste Types Amount Treatment/ Disposal Solid Waste and Engineer’s camps (Non- erection Degradable) Scrap metals and 3- 4 kg per day contracting registered dealers to plastics collect and transport the hazardous waste to authoraised disposal sites as directed by EMA,2004 and ESSF3 Tins, glasses 2- 3 kg per day Taken to the authorized dumpsite at the City Sewage (Based on 40 l/capita/day Septic tank –Soak away system at the water consumption and campsites then collected and 80% becomes transported by registered companies Liquid waste wastewater) to authorized disposal sites when full. Oils and greases None Car maintenance will be done at proper garages and maintenance workshops established in camp sites. The oils and greases will be temporary stored and then collected by authorized hazardous waste contractors to disposal sites. Note: Figures provided are based on consultant experience from similar projects therefore are indicative i.e. they might change during actual implementation of the project. 2.7.3 Construction Phase Up to the time of site visit, a total of 326 km of the railway track and 374 bridges were rehabilitated along Dar as Salaam – Isaka railway infrastructure through TIRP in year 2020. The Rehabilitation track included completed track renewal and refurbishment works. The rehabilitation and maintenance work for the selected structures (Bridges & Culverts) along Tabora to Isaka section was completed in 2020. Therefore, the remaining components are expected to be done after the government secures the funding from the WB and shall be executed as TIRP2. The major construction activities shall include; Extraction and transportation of materials (gravel, sand, hard stones, aggregates, water and cement) Page | 78 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Clearing the right of Right of Way (RoW) while leaving intact the trees which do not interfere with the construction. Rehabilitation Partially Construction or full construction of bridges and other drainage structures. Level Crossings, and other Rail way signage shall be provided in all built up areas and trading centers of all villages. The landscaping of areas covered by the railway track and establishment of vegetation for functional and aesthetic purposes on cut and fill slopes shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Standard Specification for railway track Works. The final finishing and cleaning up of the railway reserve after construction, treating of old roads and temporary diversion Detours will be required to maintain a usable route during the construction period. Wherever practicable, alternative local roads will be used. The construction and maintenance of these detours must be of a standard that ensures the safety of workers, road users and the general public. Detours outside the reserve will require additional permission from the landowners. At the end of the detour’s period of use, the detour shall be decommissioned, and the original land reinstated in an acceptable manner. 2.7.3.1 Duration The duration of this phase expected to be two (2) years per each section of the project. 2.7.3.2 Manpower During this phase, about 500 people will be recruited to perform all required activities. TRC through its consultant of the project shall ensure ESS2 is adhered to accordingly and the recruitment for the labors to the project shall ensure gender balance. ESS2 recognizes the importance of employment creation and income generation in the pursuit of poverty reduction and inclusive economic growth. 2.7.3.3 Storage Materials from borrow pits will be used directly after delivery and as such no piling up is expected. Other materials like aggregates and sand will be stored at the crushing area (usually near the quarry site) site ready for use. Cement and reinforcement bars will be stored in Page | 79 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) special storage rooms (Bunds which do not allow moisture). Timber will directly be used at the required areas and consequently there will be no stockpiling of timber at the camp sites. 2.7.3.4 Types, Amounts and treatment/disposal of Wastes Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the construction phase are shown in Table 2.5. Table 2.5: Types and treatment/disposal of wastes during the construction phase Waste Types Amount Treatment/ Disposal Solid Waste Vegetation (Trees, Approximately about Composting, Mulching and soil (Degradable) Grasses) and 1,000m3 of biomass erosion control remnants of timber. Food remains, (Based on generation Collected in a large skip bucket at cardboards and rate of 0.2/day/ person) the campsite then to be papers composted and used as manure for the gardens at the camp site Solid Waste Topsoils (Based on removal of Backfilling material in the borrow (Non- 10cm topsoil) pits, fill the diversions. Degradable) Scrap metals, 3-5kg per day contractingregistered dealers to drums and plastics collect the hazardous waste by national legislation. Tins, glasses 2-5 kg per day Taken to the authorized dumpsite at Liquid waste Sewage To be determined Septic tank –Soak away system at (Based on, 40l/capita/day the camp site water consumption and 80% becomes wastewater) Oils and greases Non Car maintenance will be done at proper garages Note: All figures provided in the table are indicative and thus they might change during project actual execution and the requirement of the contractor at that particular section. Page | 80 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 2.7.4 Demobilization phase Demobilization of temporary structures will be done for proper restoration of the site e.g. removing/spreading top-soils piled along the rail way road, restoration of borrow pits to required grades if required, removing all temporary structures, campsites may be left to the local governments depending on agreements that will be reached during the mobilization phase. Other activities include rehabilitation of the workshop and stockpile yard, rehabilitation of campsite at least to the original condition, clearance of all sorts of wastes including used oil, sewage, sewage, solid wastes (plastics, wood, metal, papers, etc.). Deposit all wastes to the authorized dumpsite. Restoration of water ponds (if any) and temporary quarry sites to a natural and useable condition, termination of temporary employment. Note An Occupational Health and Safety Plan will de developed and implemented to guide the demolition and demobilization at site to ensure safety of the workers involved with a proper management procedure of incidents. Moreover, the rehabilitation/restoration will be done by considering ecology of the area at that particular time, however, the consultation to the responsible authorities shall also be done for guidance. Considering nature and the cost for the restoration the contractor might be guided to either refill the ponds and quarry pits or ensure they are safely maintained to support the existing ecological system at that particular time this will also be done as per national and WB standards as well as to the Environmental Code of Practice for Road works (2009). 2.7.4.1 Duration Demobilization stage will last for a period of three (3) months for each lot of the project. 2.7.4.2 Types and Sources of Project requirements Types and sources of project requirements during the demobilization phase are shown in Table 2.6. Page | 81 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 2.6: Types and sources of project requirements during the demobilization phase Requirements Type Source Manpower Skilled Contractor Unskilled Local People along the railway track Equipment Bull dozer Contractor Motor grader Contractor Tippers Contractor 2.7.4.3 Types, treatment/disposal of Wastes The demobilization of the temporary structures will result mainly into solid wastes such as timber, iron sheets and rubbles from demolitions. Timber and iron sheets will be sold to people in the nearby communities for reuse while the rubbles will be used in backfilling the borrow pits. 2.7.4.4 Manpower During this phase, about 500 people will be recruited to perform all required activities. TRC through its consultant of the project shall ensure ESS2 is adhered accordingly and the recruitment for the labors to the project shall ensure gender balance. ESS2 recognizes the importance of employment creation and income generation in the pursuit of poverty reduction and inclusive economic growth. 2.7.5 Operation phase The project is under “Central Railway Line” and therefore will be directly managed by TRC through all station masters and maintenances crews. The design period is 20 years, after which maintenance will be needed. During this time, TRC will carry out routine maintenance by attending to problematic areas, clearance of vegetation within the ROW (railway track reserve area) and monitoring. Other activities include installation of railway track signs, and replacement of railway track furniture, control of litter accumulation on railway track sides, awareness rising on proper railway track/ road use and railway track/ road management to the communities, monitoring Page | 82 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) and evaluation, management to reduce pollutant concentrations in runoff, disposal of wastes from railway track maintenance activities, storage and management of maintenance materials and equipment. 2.7.5.1 Duration The duration of this phase will be twenty years (20) years for each particular section of the project. 2.7.5.2 Types, and Sources of Project requirements Types and sources of project requirements during the operational phase are shown in Table 2.7. Table 2.7: Types and sources of project requirements during the operational phase (Maintenance) Requirements Type Source Aggregates To be identified Sand To be identified Water To be identified Cement Local vendors Raw Materials Sleepers Outside the country Rail Outside the country Fastening Outside the country Manpower per Skilled TRC section Unskilled Local People along the railway track Excavator Wheel loader Water Boozer Bull dozer Equipment Motor grader TRC Plate compactor Page | 83 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Requirements Type Source Tippers Note: All figures provided in the table are indicative and thus they might change during project actual execution and the requirement of the contractor at that particular Lot. 2.7.5.3 Transportation Materials (fine and coarse aggregates) from quarries will be transported by trucks/ trains to the construction site. Water will be moved by water boozers. Other materials like cement, timber and reinforcement bars/ rails will be transported by Lorries to the maintenance site. 2.7.5.4 Storage Most of the materials like Aggregates, Sand, and Water will be used directly after delivery and as such no piling up is expected. Cement and reinforcement bars will be stored in special storage rooms. 2.7.5.5 Types, Amounts and treatment/disposal of Wastes Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the operational phase are shown in Table 2.8. Table 2.8: Types and treatment/disposal of wastes during the operational phase Waste Types Treatment/ Disposal Solid Waste Vegetation (Trees and Grasses) Composting and used as mulching (Degradable) agent to the nearby farms Solid Waste (Non- Scrap metals, drums Sold to Recyclers registered to Degradable) collect the hazardous waste by national legislation as per ESS3 concrete, Tins, glasses and Taken to the Authorized municipal plastics landfill. Liquid waste Oils and greases Car maintenance will be done at proper garages where the spillage occurs, the oil and grease will be taken by the registered hazardous waste management company as Page | 84 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Waste Types Treatment/ Disposal required by the ESS3 of the ESF of the WB and the national guidelines 2.8 Safety and Health Safety and Health issues will be followed accordingly in all phases by following the OHS Act, 2003 as well as the requirement of the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF), ESS4 which recognizes that project activities, equipment, and infrastructure can increase community exposure to risks and impacts. In addition, communities that are already subjected to impacts from climate change may also experience an acceleration or intensification of impacts due to project activities. Thus, during the construction the communities shall be protected with the impact from project activities and workers must be provided with appropriate protective gears. During the operation there must be safety officers and representatives committee to overlook all the safety issues with other supporting regulations such as OHS construction rules of 2015. There must be forklifts with alarms and speed limit. The Emergency Assembly Point shall be provided at the front areas of the sites and shall be installed with appropriate safety sign to it. 2.8.1 Emergency Response Plan Emergencies are undesired event or incidences that require immediate response and attention. In most likely situations, require evacuation to prevent or reduce injuries to personnel, damage to property and environment. Possible emergencies that will be considered include; train accident, Fire emergencies, accidents emergencies which may occur due to trips and falls. The TRC shall develop an emergency response plan to deal with all occurrences as and when it occurs during the project construction to decommissioning phases. 2.8.2 Incident Reporting Procedure for reporting all emergencies and implementation of corrective actions will be developed by the contractors during construction phase and operator during operation phase. All incidences recorded shall be reported to the client and Leaders in charge. Page | 85 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 2.9 Project Boundaries Determination of project boundaries refers to an identification of impact zones institutionally, temporal and spatially, within which the project impacts will reach. This process involves determination of the extent impacts that would spread away from the core project site. The following project boundaries have been identified. 2.9.1 Institutional boundaries Institutional boundaries refer to those institutions and sectors which interact with the proposed project in terms of utilities or concern either directly or indirectly. These can be determined from political boundaries, Acts and Regulations, Institutional mandates and administrative organizations. This proposed project touches the interest of many institutions and administrative units in relation to several policies, laws and plans in Tanzania and several sector ministries. These institutions include NEMC, WB, TASSAC, FIRE, TANESCO, City Councils, OSHA and others. 2.9.2 Temporal boundaries Temporal boundaries refer to the period and reversibility of impacts. Most of impacts are short term but others may extend to long-term impacts. For example, the impacts such as noises and dusts may be short-lived, but the presence of the railway corridor in the selected ward may have implications that stretch far into the future until when decommissioning is undertaken. For instance, the issues of waste management, emission and dusts pollution may continue to be a problem unless measures are taken to ensure that acceptable limits are adhered to. Also, consideration needs to be given to what happens when the project ends, where there is a need for decommissioning of the project and site restoration. Some of the impacts that will occur during decommissioning are such as noise, dusts as well as an increase in noise levels especially in the ward which will be caused by demolition activities and will disappear as soon as decommissioning is accomplished. However, some impacts will remain in the environment even after the closure of the project. Page | 86 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 2.9.3 Spatial boundaries Spatial boundaries refer to the dispersion effect of the project impacts. The scale of dispersion can be locally, regionally, either nationally or internationally. The proposed warehouse building in the area will have a wide range of implications that could be felt locally, regionally, nationally, or even internationally thus causing impacts as far as to those areas. Therefore, in determining the spatial dimension of the project it is important to consider impacts in a form like a contour layout. Starting with the core impact area (the area where the project is located and, which would bear the most impact than the rest). In this case, the core impact area for the project will be all Areas where project will be located. The second area is the immediate impact area. This is the area surrounding the core area and bears relatively some of the impacts. In case of the proposed building the immediate impact area will be the neighboring villages, towns, and others in general which will benefit from revenues paid by the investor and from different social economic activities. Other immediate impact area includes adjacent communities where most of the labor force, food and goods are likely to come from. The third area is an area known as the area of influence. In terms of spatial dimension this is the outer most area that consists of centers of decision making that can influence the development of the proposed project. These centers of decision-making include Dodoma, the capital city of Tanzania and Dar es Salaam city which is the biggest city and where most ministries head-offices are located. Page | 87 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER THREE 3. EXISTING REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 Introduction In this chapter, the national and international laws, policies and regulations relevant to the project are identified and discussed. The objective of this chapter is to understand the key provisions and regulations concerning the proposed project activities related to environmental and social aspects. The ESIA report with consolidated ESMP was prepared in line with Tanzania’s national legislative requirements and applicable international standards. Also, the conventions and protocols ratified by Tanzania and the directives of International Organizations (World Bank) are considered. The Applicable Acts, Regulations, Policies and Guidelines for the construction/ railway sector that are followed in the area are taken into consideration while preparing the ESIA report (listed in Table 3.1). The applicability of each legislation with respect to the proposed project is explained in this section. Table 3.1: Policies, Acts and Regulations Applicable to the Project S/No. Legislation Policies 1. Construction Industry Policy, 2003. 2. National Employment Policy, 1997. 3. National Energy Policy, 2003. 4. National Environmental Policy, 1997. , As amended 2021 5. National Health Policy, 2003. 6. National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000. 7. National Land Policy, 1995 (revised in 1997). 8. National Policy on HIV/AIDS, 2001. 9. National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP/MKUKUTA) - II, 2010. Page | 88 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/No. Legislation 10. National Tourism Policy, 1998. 11. National Transport Policy, 2003. 12. National Water Policy, 2002. National Women and Gender 13. Development Policy, 2000 14. Road Safety Policy, 2009. 15. Sustainable Industries Development Policy, 1996. 16. Tanzania Wildlife Policy, 1998. 17. The Mineral policy of Tanzania, 2009. 18. The National Investment Promotion Policy, 1996. Acts 19. Land Use Planning Act No.10, 2007. 20. The Employment and Labour Relations Act, 2004. 21. The Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority Act, 2002. 22. The Environmental Management Act, 2004. 23. The Forest Act, 2002. 23. The HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act, 2008. 24. The Land (Amendment) Act, 2004. 25. The Local Government (Urban Authorities) Acts, 2002. 26. The Merchant Shipping Act, 2003. 27. The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2003. Page | 89 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/No. Legislation 28. The Ports Act, 2004. 29. The Railways Act, 2002. 30. The Road Act, 2007. 31. The Solid Waste Management Act, 2009. 32. The Surface and Marine Transport Authority Regulatory Act, 2001. 33. The Urban Planning Act, 2007. 34. The Village Land Act, 1999. 35. The Water Resources Management Act, 2009. 36. The Water Supply and Sanitation Act, 2009. 37. The Wildlife Conservation Act, 2009. 38. Water Laws Act, 1999. 39. Workers Compensation Act, 2008. Regulations 40. Tanzanian harbors regulations, 1991 41. The Environmental (Registration of Environmental Experts) Regulations, 2005 42. The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005 43. The Environmental Management (Air Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007 The Environmental Management (Hazardous Waste Control and Management) 44. Regulations, 2009 45. The Environmental Management (Soil Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007 Page | 90 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/No. Legislation The Environmental Management (Standards for the Control of Noise and Vibration 46. Pollution) Regulations, 2011 47. The Environmental Management (Water Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007 48. The Fisheries Regulations, 2009 International Obligations and Treaties 49. 1996 Convention on Biological Diversity. 50. ILO Minimum Age Convention (C138), 1973 51. The 1989 Basel Convention 52. The 1991 Bamako Convention 53. Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention (No. 148) World Bank Environmental and Social Framework 54. Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts 55. Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions 56. Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management 57. Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety; 58. Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement 59. Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources Page | 91 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/No. Legislation 60. Environmental and Social Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities 61. Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural Heritage 62. Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure Page | 92 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 3.2 Applicable policies, acts and regulations The applicable policies, acts and regulations of Tanzania relevant to the project are given below in Table 3.2. Table 3.2: Applicable Policies, Acts and Regulations S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project Policy 1. The National The National Environmental Policy contains policy guidelines, In the context the policy aims at prevention, Environmental Policy, plans and guidance for the determination of priority actions. It reduction and control of pollution of the 2021 provides information for monitoring and regular review of inland, water bodies including that from land- policies, plans and programs. based sources of pollution: Objectives: • There should be control of indiscriminate • To prevent and control degradation of land, water, urban development, particularly in vulnerable vegetation, and air, sites such as river and lakes. • To ensure sustainability, security and equitable use of • Fragile ecosystems and endangered species resources, should be protected by mitigation and • To conserve and enhance the natural and man-made prevention of coastal and waterways heritages including the biological diversity of the ecosystems degradation by controlling pollution of marine of Tanzania, water. • To improve the condition and productivity of degraded areas including rural and urban settlements, • To raise public awareness and understanding of the essential linkages between environment and development, • To promote individual and community participation in environmental action, to promote international cooperation on the environment agenda including implementation of Treaties, Page | 93 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project 2. National Water Policy, The government launched the water policy in 1991 for overall Identifying and preserving water sources and 2002 development and management of water resources. catchment areas. The major aspects, which is addressed in the policy include: • community participation, • community-based management, • institutional aspects, • cost sharing for rural population, • full cost recovery for urban population, • full ownership of the projects, • involvement of the private sector, • water resources and environmental awareness, • improved integration of water and sanitation activities, • external support agency assistance 3. The National This policy stresses on the need for modernization of It improves the efficiency of operations and Investment equipment and technology upgradation to enable the optimal the quality of products and co-products etc. Promotion Policy, use of available resources. 1996 4. Construction The Construction Industry Policy is a process for improving To ensure efficient, transparent and effective Industry Policy, the capacity and effectiveness of the construction industry to implementation and management of 2003 meet the national economic demand for buildings and other construction projects and application of physical infrastructure facilities. practices, technologies and products which are not harmful to both the environment and human health. 5. National Transport The National Transport Policy (2003) aims at providing The policy recognizes the need for Policy, 2003 efficient and cost-effective domestic and international restructuring of rail way for increased transport services for the population and goods relating to infrastructure, safety, security and efficiency in different sectors of the national economy. The policy also aims operations. Page | 94 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project at ensuring safety and causing minimum environmental • It promotes Rail way transport for mass degradation. movement of passengers and goods. • It also reforms and privatizes transport operations and institutions to make the services more efficient. 6. National Women The objective of the policy is to provide guidelines that will To eradicate poverty and emphasizes on and Gender ensure that gender sensitive plans and strategies are gender equality and equal opportunity for both Development developed in all sectors and institutions. men and women to participate in Policy, 2000 development. 7. Road Safety Policy, The policy provides for safe environment for road traffic It aims at reducing the occurrence and 2009 system in accordance with internationally accepted standards. severity of road crashes and consequently the The policy involves the stakeholders and puts emphasis on level of fatalities and injuries in an efficient and cooperation and sharing of knowledge, experience, expertise professional manner and reducing road deaths. and resources. 8. 8Tanzania Wildlife The policy administers, regulates and promotes the To promotes the conservation of wildlife and . Policy (1998) management of the wildlife resource through continuous its habitats and prevent illegal use of wildlife establishment of Protected Areas (PA) based on systems throughout the country. planning. 9. 9National Energy The National Energy Policy ensures the availability of reliable To establish an efficient energy production, . Policy, 2003 and affordable energy supplies and their use in a rational and procurement, transportation, distribution and sustainable manner in order to support national development end-use system in an environmentally sound goals. and sustainable manner. Page | 95 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project 10. 1Sustainable The policy ensures that the industrial sector is focused on To create employment opportunities, external 0Industries human development. balance of payments and economic . Development Policy, The employment and equitable development by undergoing a transformation for achieving sustainable 1996 structural orientation and enhancing sustainable technological economic growth. progress. 11. 1National Human The policy promotes development of sustainable human • To improve the level of infrastructure and social 1Settlements settlements and facilitates the provision of adequate and services for sustainable human settlements and . Development Policy, affordable shelters to all income groups in Tanzania. development. 2000 • To create employment opportunities and eradicate poverty. 12. 1National Health The policy aims at reducing the burden of disease, maternal To promote environmental health and 2Policy, 2003 and infant mortality and hence increase life expectancy sanitation, adequate nutrition, control of . through the provision of adequate and equitable maternal and communicable diseases and treatment of child health services. common conditions. It facilitates and ensures the availability of drugs, medicine, other medical supplies and infrastructure. 13. 1National The policy aims at increasing national productivity by: To promotes equal access to employment 3Employment Policy, • Helping people attain gainful and freely chosen productive opportunities and resources for vulnerable . 1997 employment, groups of women, youth and people with • Reduce unemployment and underemployment rates. disabilities. It ensures income security and social inclusion by safeguarding the basic rights and interests of workers in accordance with National and International Labor laws and Standards. Page | 96 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project 14. 1National Strategy The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty is It is committed to the Millennium 4for Growth and a framework that focuses on poverty reduction: Development Goals (MDGs) that are . Reduction of • The NSGRP is guided and encouraged by the aspirations of internationally agreed targets for reducing Poverty Tanzania’s Development Vision (Vision 2025) for high and poverty, hunger, diseases, illiteracy, (NSGRP/MKUKUT shared growth, high quality livelihood, peace, stability and unity, environmental degradation and discrimination A) - II, 2010 good governance, high quality education and international against women. competitiveness. The Strategy promotes the effective participation of civil society, private sector development and local and external partnerships in development and commitment to regional and other international initiatives for social and economic development. ACTs 15. 1The Environmental It provides legal and institutional framework for sustainable • It provides the basis for implementation of . Management Act, management of environment. It outlines principles for international instruments on environment. 2004 management, impact and risk assessments, prevention and • It also empowers the NEMC to formulate control of pollution, waste management, environmental quality strategies for inland and marine management standards, public participation, compliance and enforcement. along with local government authorities. 16. 2Water Laws Act, The Act facilitates the private sector participation in water It exercises licensing and regulatory functions . 1999 supply and sewerage in Tanzania. It provides guidelines on the in water supply and sewer services including tariffs chargeable for provision of water supply and sewerage the establishment of standards relating to services and examines and approves them. equipment attached to water and sewerage system. 17. 3The Water Supply It regulates the establishment of water supply and sanitation To help in sustainable management, adequate . and Sanitation Act, authorities and the community owned water supply operations and transparent regulation of 2009 organizations. It also provides for the appointment of service water supply and sanitation services. providers and repeals the Waterworks Act. Page | 97 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project 18. 4The Water The Act provides institutional and legal framework for Prevents and controls water pollution and . Resources sustainable management and development of water resources, works on the participation of stakeholders. Management Act, prevents and controls water pollution and works on the 2009 participation of stakeholders and the general public in implementation of the National Water Policy and repeals the Water Utilization (Control and Regulation) Act. The Act ensures that the nation's water resources are protected, used, develope d, conserved, Managed and controlled considering the fundamental principles of meeting the basic human needs and promoting sustainable and beneficial use of water. 19. The Forest Act, The Forest Act provides for the management of forests and To ensure ecosystem stability through 2002 repeals certain laws relating to forests and other related matters. conservation of forest biodiversity, water It promotes and enhances the contribution of the forest sector catchments and soil fertility, sustainable supply to the sustainable development of Tanzania and the of forest products and services. conservation and management of natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations. 20. The Wildlife The Wildlife Conservation Act makes provisions for the To protect, conserve and put in to force Conservation Act, conservation, management, protection and sustainable existing regulations in areas with great 2009 utilization of wildlife and wildlife products. biological diversity, including wetlands and It is meant to protect and conserve wildlife resources and its giving special conservation status to endemic, habitats in game reserves, wetland reserves, game-controlled rare or endangered wildlife species. areas, wildlife management areas, dispersal areas, migratory route corridors, buffer zone and all animals found in areas adjacent to these areas by putting in place appropriate infrastructure, sufficient personnel and equipment. Page | 98 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project 21. The Road Act, 2007 The Road Act makes provisions for road financing, Monitoring the performance of the road development, maintenance, management and other related network, to oversee and monitor road safety matters. The responsibilities of the ministry include formulating and environmental issues; and responsible for road policy, preparing and coordinating the implementation of the development, maintenance and roads investment and development programmes, preparing management of public roads and related guidelines, standards and specifications for road works and facilities. monitoring the performance of the road network, to oversee and monitor road safety and environmental issues. The road authority is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of public roads and related facilities. 22. The Railways Act, The Railway Act states that it is the railway operator's duty to To ensure safety of people during the 2002 as amended in ensure people's safety during the operation of the railway and operation of the railway and that he can 2017 that he can internally manage and control a railway with the internally manage and control a railway with Land Regulatory Authority (LATRA) consent. the Land Regulatory Authority (LATRA) consent. 23. The Solid Waste The Act provides the management of solid wastes in To handle various types of wastes including their Management Act, conformity with the best environmental practices, that includes: disposal for which reuse, recycling or 2009 • The methods for handling various types of wastes including composting alternatives are available and their disposal for which reuse, recycling or composting implements standards and requirements for alternatives are available and implements standards and waste handling, separation and processing. requirements for waste handling, separation and processing, • It also establishes the licensing and permitting system for the regulation of waste management facilities, equipment and waste haulage and prescribes fees for the issue of licenses, permits, inspections and other services related to waste management. Page | 99 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project 24. The Employment The Employment and Labour Relations Act makes provisions To promote economic development through and Labor for core labour rights, establishes basic employment standards, economic efficiency, productivity and social Relations Act, 2004 provides a framework for collective bargaining, works to justice and providing the legal framework for prevent and settle disputes and related matters. effective and fair employment relations and minimum standards regarding conditions of work. 25. The Occupational The Act repeals the Factories Ordinance. It makes provisions for To protect workers against hazards to health Health and Safety the safety, health and welfare of workers at work in factories and and safety arising due to activities of the Act, 2003 other places of work. workers. This act is applicable to or covers other employees also and any kind of occupational hazard is covered. 26. The HIV and AIDS The Act provides for the prevention, treatment, care, support To promote public health in relation to HIV and (Prevention and and control of HIV and AIDS. It promotes public health in AIDS. Provide for appropriate treatment, care Control) Act, 2008 relation to AIDS and provides for appropriate treatment, care and support to people living with or at risk of and support using available resources to people living with or at HIV and AIDS using available resources. risk of HIV and AIDS. The ministry is responsible for establishing a comprehensive system of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to determine the magnitude and progression of HIV infections and other matters relating to HIV and AIDS. 27. The Ports Act, 2004 The Ports Act established the Tanzania Ports Authority and • The functions of the Authority include managing stipulated its functioning and powers. It also repealed the the operations of the sea and inland waterways Tanzania Harbors Authority Act, 1977. and ports by enhancing the geographical position of Tanzania as maritime nation by securing the provision of services in loading and unloading of cargo and passenger services. • It develops, promotes and manages the port’s infrastructure and maintains port safety and Page | 100 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project security. Since the project started from the Port area thus proponent has to abide with this Act 28. The Surface and The Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory Authority The authority can: Marine Transport (SUMATRA) Act establishes a regulatory authority in relation • Issue, renew and cancel licenses, Regulatory to surface and marine transport sectors and provides • Establish standards for regulated goods and Authority Act, information for its operation in place of former authorities. services, 2001 Now TASAC The functions of the Authority include protecting the interests • Establish standards for the terms and conditions of consumers, protecting the financial viability of efficient of supply of the regulated goods and sources, suppliers, promoting the availability of regulated services to all • Regulate rates, charges and makes rules. consumers including low income, rural and disadvantaged consumers. 29. The Energy and The Act establishes a regulatory authority in relation to energy Monitors the performance of the regulated Water Utilities and water utilities. sectors in relation to levels of investment, Regulatory It establishes standards for goods and services, regarding the availability, quantity and standard of services. Authority Act, 2002 terms and conditions of supply of goods and services and regulate rates and charges. 30. Workers The Act contains regulations for compensation to employees in To provide rehabilitation and adequate Compensation Act, case of disablement or death, injuries or diseases sustained in the compensation to employees who suffer 2008 course of employment and identifies the source of the funds occupational casualties. for administration and regulation of workers compensation. Regulations Page | 101 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project 31. 2The Environmental The main objectives of environmental audit are to determine It ensures that environmental considerations 0Impact Assessment how far activities and processes of a project or undertaking are properly addressed and incorporated in . and Audit conform to the approved environmental and social the decision-making process meant for Regulations, 2005 as management plan of that specific project, environmental development amended 2018 management practices and environmental quality standards and provide regulatory bodies with a framework for checking compliance with, and the performance of an Environmental and Social Management Plan. 32. 3The Environmental These Regulations establish a system for registration of It provides for a code of conduct for 5(Registration of environmental experts. environmental experts. These rules are Environmental They provide a system of professional conduct for carrying needed to maintain discipline and exercise Experts) out environmental impact studies and environmental audits some degree of control over the Regulations, 2005 as ensuring that the environmental impact assessments and audits environmental experts. amended 2021 are carried out in independent, professional and impartial manner. 33. 2The Environmental These Regulations set baseline parameters on air quality and To set baseline parameters on air quality and 2Management (Air emissions based on acceptable limits and enforces minimum emissions based on acceptable limits and . Quality Standards) air quality standards prescribed by the National Environmental enforces minimum air quality standards Regulations, 2007 Standards Committee. prescribed by the National Environmental Standards Committee. 34. 2The Environmental These Regulations ensure the safe storage and disposal of • To ensure that the standards prescribed for the 3Management hazardous wastes of all categories and their movement into hazardous waste management are followed and . Hazardous Waste and out of Mainland Tanzania. remain operational all the time and the waste Control and effluents are treated or modified to comply Management with the prescribed standards before final Regulations, 2009 disposal. Page | 102 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project The hazardous liquid wastes generated from campsite and on-site works are supposed to be treated to meet the environmental standards before their discharge into public sewers, municipal oxidation ponds, open land or into receiving water bodies. 35. 2The Environmental The objective of these regulations is to enforce minimum To enforce minimum water quality standards 4Management water quality standards prescribed by the National prescribed by the National Environmental . Water Quality Environmental Standards Committee. Standards Committee. Standards) • To enable the National Environmental Standards Committee Regulations, 2007 to determine water usages for purposes of establishing environmental quality standards and values for each usage. • To ensure all discharges of pollutants considering the ability of the receiving waters to accommodate contaminants. • The National Environmental Standards Committee of Tanzania Bureau of Standards is responsible for establishing the minimum standards for the treatment of effluents before their final discharge into public sewer systems. 36. 2The Environmental These Regulations prescribe the maximum permissible noise To take controlling and mitigating measures 5Management and vibration levels from a facility or activity to which a for the reduction of noise and vibration . Standards for the person can be exposed. Control of Noise and Vibration Pollution) Regulations, 2011 Page | 103 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project 37. 2The Environmental The objectives of these Regulations include: To enforce and prescribe minimum soil quality 6Management (Soil • Setting limits for soil contaminants in agriculture and other standards prescribed by the National . Quality Standards) habitats, Environmental Standards Committee (NESC) Regulations, 2007 • Enforcing and prescribing minimum soil quality standards prescribed by the National Environmental Standards Committee (NESC), • Ensuring implementation of criteria and procedures prescribed by the NESC for the measurement and determination of soil quality, • To prescribe measures and guidelines for soil management and ensure their compliance. 38. 2The Environmental The objectives of these Regulation included: To enforce and prescribe the use of ozone 7Management • To eliminate the production and consumption of ozone friendly substances, products and equipment. . (Control o f Ozone depleting substances in accordance with the phase out Depleting schedule of the Montreal Protocol; Substances) • To control and monitor the amount of ozone depleting substances entering or leaving the United Republic of Tanzania; To promote measures, strategies, programmers, incentives, equipment and technologies in favor of the use of ozone friendly substances, products and equipment in line with national obligation specified by the Montreal Protocol; Page | 104 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S. No. National Policies Description Relevance to the Proposed Project 39. 2The Fisheries The objectives of these Regulations include: Control and management of fisheries on a 9Regulations, 2009 • The control and management of fisheries on a sustainable basis, sustainable basis. . • Taking care of other matters prescribed under the Fisheries Act 1995, o Making consequential amendments to the Fisheries (Fees, Royalties and Levies) Regulations, 2008. National Plans 40. National Plan Of The main objective of this plan is to Eliminate violence against The project is passing to number of the area Action To End women and children in Tanzania and improve their welfare. having different social, cultural and economic Violence Against values that triggering the project proponent, Women And contractor and supervising consultant to Children In Tanzania ensure the need of the plan are adhered. 2017/18 – 2021/22 Page | 105 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 3.3 International obligations and treaties The international obligations and treaties in which Tanzania is a part are explained below in (Table 3.3) Table 3.3: International Obligations and Treaties S. No. International Description Obligations and Treaties 1. Working The convention establishes and states the criteria for Environment (Air determining the hazards of exposure to air pollution, noise Pollution, Noise and and vibration in the working environment and specifies Vibration) exposure limits based on these criteria. Convention (No. 148). 2. The Convention on The convention promotes the effective control of all the Prevention of sources of marine pollution and takes practicable steps to Marine Pollution by prevent pollution of the sea by dumping of wastes and other Dumping of Wastes matters. and other Matter (also known as the 1972 London Convention). 3. The 1991 Bamako It is a convention of African nations which prohibits the Convention. dumping of hazardous and radioactive wastes into Africa. This convention controls the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes within the continent. Hence, prohibiting all ocean and inland water dumping. 4. The 1989 Basel The convention aims at reducing hazardous waste Convention. generation by ranging them based on their origin, composition and characteristics. 5. 1996 Convention on This convention develops national strategies for the Biological Diversity. conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, ensuring fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from genetic resources. 6. ILO Minimum Age The convention talks about the minimum age for Convention (C138), employment, to ensure the abolition of child labour. In 1973. Tanzania, according to the Employment and Labour Relations Act, 2004; the minimum age for employment is 14 years, who shall only be employed to do light work which won’t harm the child’s health and development. Page | 106 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 3.4 World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework The World Bank Environmental and Social Framework sets out the World Bank’s commitment to sustainable development, through a Bank Policy and a set of Environmental and Social Standards that are designed to support Government of Tanzania’s projec ts, with the aim of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity. This Framework comprises: A Vision for Sustainable Development, which sets out the Bank’s aspirations regarding environmental and social sustainability; The World Bank Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing, which sets out the mandatory requirements that apply to the Bank; and The Environmental and Social Standards, together with their Appendixes, which set out the mandatory requirements that apply to the Government of Tanzania, This ESIA has reviewed the above framework’s components’ relevance to the Project as shown in the below sub sections; 3.4.1 Vision for Sustainable Development World Bank Group is globally committed to environmental sustainability, including stronger collective action to support climate change mitigation and adaptation, recognizing this as essential in a world of finite natural resources. It recognizes that climate change is affecting the nature and location of projects, and that World Bank-financed projects should reduce their impact on the climate by choosing alternatives with lower carbon emissions. Equally, social development and inclusion are critical for all of the World Bank’s development interventions and for achieving sustainable development. At the project level, these global aspirations translate into enhancing development opportunities for all, particularly the poor and vulnerable, and promoting the sustainable management of natural and living resources. Therefore, within the parameters of a project, the Bank seeks to Page | 107 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Address project-level impacts on climate change and consider the impacts of climate change on the selection, siting, planning, design and implementation and decommissioning of projects; Maximize stakeholder engagement through enhanced consultation, participation and accountability. The designs of urban roads and drainage channels have observed the vision of sustainable development by ensuring climate change adaptation strategies have been taken into considerations. 3.4.2 World Bank Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing This Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing sets out the mandatory requirements of the Bank in relation to the projects it supports through Investment Project Financing. The Bank is committed to supporting Tanzania government in the development and implementation of projects that are environmentally and socially sustain-able, and to enhance the capacity of Borrowers ‘environmental and social frameworks to assess and manage the environmental and social risks and impacts of projects. The Bank will assist Tanzania government in their application of the ESSs to projects supported through Investment Project Financing in accordance with this Environmental and Social Policy for Investment Project Financing (Policy). To carry out this Policy, the Bank will: Undertake its own due diligence of proposed projects, proportionate to the nature and potential significance of the environmental and social risks and impacts related to the project; As and where required, support the Tanzania government to carry out early and continuing engagement and meaningful consultation with stakeholders, in particular affected communities, and in providing project-based grievance mechanisms; The Bank shall evaluate the environmental and social risks management plan including the extent of stakeholders’ engagem ent on the project throughout. Page | 108 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 3.5 World Bank Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) 3.5.1 Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts ESS1 sets out the Borrower’s (GoT) responsibilities for assessing, managing and monitoring environmental and social risks and impacts associated with each stage of a project supported by the Bank through Investment Project Financing, in order to achieve environmental and social out-comes consistent with the Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs). The Government of Tanzania through TRC is required to conduct environmental and social assessment of TIRP 2 project for Bank financing to help ensure that projects is environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. The environmental and social assessment should be proportionate to the risks and impacts of the subproject. It will inform the design of the project, and be used to identify mitigation measures and actions and to improve decision- making. TRC will manage environmental and social risks and impacts of the project throughout the project life cycle in a systematic manner, proportionate to the nature and scale of the project and the potential risks and impacts. ESS1 includes the following Appendixes, which form part of ESS1, and set out certain requirements in more detail: Appendix 1: Environmental and Social Assessment; Appendix 2: Environmental and Social Commitment Plan; and Appendix 3: Management of Contractors Among the requirements under ESS1 relevant to the Upgrading of the Rail way line project include: Conduct an environmental and social assessment of the proposed project, including stake holder engagement; Undertake stakeholder engagement and disclose appropriate information; Develop an ESCP, and implement all measures and actions set out in the legal agreement including the ESCP; and Conduct monitoring and reporting on the environmental and social performance of the project against the ESSs. Page | 109 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) In addition, the proposed project should apply the relevant requirements of the Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines (EHSGs) once Tanzanian requirements differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHSGs, the GoT will be required to achieve or implement the more stringent. The proposed projects have been conducted with ESIA study and adequately undertaken stakeholders’ engagement as required by ESS1 in order to cr eate the sense of ownership by the community and sustainability. TRC shall prepare ESCP and sign legal agreement on its implementation. 3.5.2 Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions ESS2 recognizes the importance of employment creation and income generation in the pursuit of poverty reduction and inclusive economic growth. The government of Tanzania is required to promote sound worker-management relationships and enhance the development benefits of rail way transport sector under TIRP 2 project by treating workers in the project fairly and providing safe and healthy working conditions. Among ESS2, objectives include: To promote safety and health at work To promote the fair treatment, non-discrimination and equal opportunity of project workers To protect project workers, including vulnerable workers such as women, persons with disabilities, children (of working age, in accordance with this ESS) and migrant workers, contracted workers, community workers and primary supply workers, as appropriate. To prevent the use of all forms of forced labor The project contractor shall adhere to the objectives under regular audits to be conducted by TRC, OSHA and the project Supervising Engineer. However, specific project’s Labour Management Procedures (LMP) have been prepared to guide labour issues during construction and operation of the proposed roads and drainage channels. Page | 110 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 3.5.3 Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management ESS3 recognizes that economic activity and urbanization often generate pollution to air, water, and land, and consume finite resources that may threaten people, eco- system services and the environment at the local, regional, and global levels The current and projected atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) threatens the welfare of current and future generations At the same time, more efficient and effective resource use, pollution prevention and GHG emission avoidance, and mitigation technologies and practices have become more accessible and achievable. Among ESS3, objectives include: To promote the sustainable use of resources, including energy, water and raw materials To avoid or minimize adverse impacts on human health and the environment by avoiding or minimizing pollution from project activities To avoid or minimize project-related emissions of short and long-lived climate pollutants To avoid or minimize generation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste To minimize and manage the risks and impacts associated with pesticide use On pollution prevention and management, the Government of Tanzania through TRC will avoid the release of pollutants or, when avoidance is not feasible, minimize and control the concentration and mass flow of their release using the performance levels and measures specified in national law or the EHSGs, whichever is most stringent. During construction, operation of machineries, equipment and plant shall contribute on GHG emissions. Contractor shall adhere to all recommended actions to reduce GHG emissions from operating vehicles and plant. In addition, installation of diesel generators to the stations or camp site as an emergency power supply shall be taken into account as GHG contributor. Low emissions generator has been proposed in chapter 2 of this ESIA. Page | 111 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 3.5.4 Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety ESS4 recognizes that project activities, equipment, and infrastructure can increase community exposure to risks and impacts. In addition, communities that are already subjected to impacts from climate change may also experience an acceleration or intensification of impacts due to project activities. ESS4 addresses the health, safety, and security risks and impacts on project-affected communities and the corresponding responsibility of GoT through TRC to avoid or minimize such risks and impacts, with particular attention to people who, because of their particular circumstances, may be vulnerable. Objectives of the ESS4 include: To anticipate and avoid adverse impacts on the health and safety of project-affected communities during the project life cycle from both routine and non-routine circumstances. To promote quality and safety, and consider actions relating to climate change, in the design and construction of infrastructure, including dams. To avoid or minimize community exposure to project-related traffic and road safety risks, diseases and hazardous materials To ensure that the safeguarding of personnel and property is carried out in a manner that avoids or minimizes risks to the project-affected communities ESS4 requires: The GoT will design, construct, operate, and decommission the structural elements of the project in accordance with national legal requirements, the EHSGs and other GIIP, taking into consideration safety risks to third parties and affected communities. Where the project involves provision of services to communities, the GoT will establish and implement appropriate quality management systems to anticipate and minimize risks and impacts that such services may have on community health and safety. In such circumstances, the GoT will also apply the concept of universal access, where technically and financially feasible. Page | 112 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) The proposed project has identified, evaluated and shall monitor the potential health and safety risks to workers, affected communities and other users throughout the project life cycle. The ESMP has incorporated technically and financially feasible safety measures into the project’s designs to prevent and mitigate potential safety risks to all users and affected communities. 3.5.5 Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement ESS5 recognizes that project-related land acquisition and restrictions on land use can have adverse impacts on communities and persons Project-related land acquisition or restrictions on land use may cause physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land or loss of shelter), economic displacement (loss of land, assets or access to assets, leading to loss of income sources or other means of livelihood), or both. The term “involuntary resettlement” refers to these impacts Resettlement is considered involuntary when affected per sons or communities do not have the right to refuse land acquisition or restrictions on land use that result in displacement. Objectives of ESS5 include: To avoid involuntary resettlement or, when unavoidable, minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project design alternatives To avoid forced eviction To mitigate unavoidable adverse social and economic impacts from land acquisition or restrictions on land use by: (a) providing timely compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost and (b) assisting displaced persons in their efforts to improve, or at least restore, their livelihoods and living standards, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher Page | 113 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) To improve living conditions of poor or vulnerable persons who are physically displaced, through provision of adequate housing, access to services and facilities, and security of tenure To conceive and execute resettlement activities as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable displaced persons to benefit directly from the project, as the nature of the project may warrant To ensure that resettlement activities are planned and implemented with appropriate dis closure of information, meaningful consultation, and the informed participation of those affected Among the requirements of ESS5 include the following: The GoT will demonstrate that involuntary land acquisition or restrictions on land use are limited to direct project requirements for clearly specified project purposes within a clearly specified period. Will consider feasible alternative project designs to avoid or minimize land acquisition or restrictions on land use, especially where this would result in physical or economic displacement, while balancing environmental, social, and financial costs and benefits, and paying particular attention to gender impacts and impacts on the poor and vulnerable. When land acquisition or restrictions on land use (whether permanent or temporary) cannot be avoided, the GoT will offer affected persons compensation at replacement cost, and other assistance as may be necessary to help them improve or at least restore their standards of living or live-livelihood, subject to the provisions of paragraph 26 through 36 of this ESS. Compensation standards for categories of land and fixed assets will be disclosed and applied consistently Compensation rates may be subject to upward adjustment where negotiation strategies are employed. In all circumstances, a clear basis for calculation of compensation will be documented, and compensation distributed in accordance with transparent procedures. Where livelihoods of displaced persons are land-based, or where land is collectively owned, the GoT will offer the displaced persons an option for replacement land in Page | 114 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) accordance with paragraph 35(a), unless it can be demonstrated to the Bank’s satisfaction that equivalent replacement land is unavailable. The GoT will take possession of acquired land and related assets only after compensation in accordance with this ESS has been made available and, where applicable. In addition, livelihood restoration and improvement programs will commence in a timely fashion in order to ensure that affected persons are sufficiently prepared to take advantage of alternative livelihood opportunities as the need to do so arises. The GoT will ensure that a grievance mechanism for the project is in place, in accordance with ESS10 as early as possible in project development to address specific concerns about compensation, relocation or livelihood restoration measures raised by displaced persons (or others) in a timely 3.5.6 Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources ESS6 recognizes the importance of maintaining core ecological functions of habitats, including forests, and the biodiversity they support. This ESS also addresses sustainable management of primary production and harvesting of living natural resources. ESS6 recognizes the need to consider the livelihood of project-affected parties, including Indigenous Peoples, who’s access to, or use of, biodiversity or living natural resources may be affected by a project. The potential, positive role of project-affected parties, including Indigenous Peoples, in biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of living natural resources is also considered Objective of ESS6 include but not limited to, To protect and conserve biodiversity and habitats, To apply the mitigation hierarchy and the precautionary approach in the design and implementation of projects that could have an impact on biodiversity, To promote the sustainable management of living natural resources, To support livelihoods of local communities, including Indigenous Peoples, and inclusive economic development, through the adoption of practices that integrate conservation needs and development priorities. Page | 115 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) ESS6 requirements include among others: The environmental and social assessment as set out in ESS1 will consider direct, indirect and cumulative project-related impacts on habitats and the biodiversity they support. This assessment will consider threats to biodiversity, for example habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, invasive alien species, overexploitation, hydrological changes, nutrient loading, pollution and incidental take, as well as projected climate change impacts. Through the environmental and social assessment, the GoT will identify the potential project related risks to and affects habitats and the biodiversity that they support. The GoT’s assessment will include characterization of baselin e conditions to a degree that is proportional and specific to the anticipated risk and significance of impacts. The proposed site has no sensitive biodiversity however along its chain age it was observed to cross in the area where there is wildlife animal corridor and in some other there are protected forest reserve. 3.5.7 Environmental and Social Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities ESS7 contributes to poverty reduction and sustainable development by ensuring that projects supported by the Bank enhance opportunities for Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities to participate in, and benefit from, the development process in ways that do not threaten their unique cultural identities and well-being. Among the ESS7 objectives include: To ensure that the development process fosters full respect for the human rights, dignity, aspirations, identity, culture, and natural resource-based livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples/ Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities. To improve project design and promote local support by establishing and maintaining an ongoing relationship based on meaningful consultation with the Indigenous Page | 116 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Peoples/Sub- Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities affected by a project throughout the project’s life cycle. Among the general requirements of ESS7, include: 11. A key purpose of this ESS is to ensure that Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities present in, or with collective attachment to, the project area are fully consulted about, and have opportunities to actively participate in, project design and the determination of project implementation arrangements. The scope and scale of consultation, as well as subsequent project planning and documentation processes, will be proportionate to the scope and scale of potential project risks and impacts as they may affect Indigenous Peoples/Sub- Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities. During ESIA study, no Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities were identified within or near the proposed sites. 3.5.8 Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural Heritage This ESS sets out general provisions on risks and impacts to cultural heritage from project activities ESS7 sets out additional requirements for cultural heritage in the context of Indigenous Peoples. ESS6 recognizes the social and cultural values of biodiversity. Provisions on Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure are set out in ESS10. Objectives of the ESS8 include: To protect cultural heritage from the adverse impacts of project activities and support its preservation. To address cultural heritage as an integral aspect of sustainable development, To promote meaningful consultation with stakeholders regarding cultural heritage, To promote the equitable sharing of benefits from the use of cultural heritage ESS8 requires: The environmental and social assessment, as set out in ESS1, will consider direct, indirect and cumulative project-specific risks and impacts on cultural heritage. Through Page | 117 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) the environmental and social assessment, the GoT will determine the potential risks and impacts of the proposed activities of the project on cultural heritage. The GoT will avoid impacts on cultural heritage. When avoidance of impacts is not possible, the GoT will identify and implement measures to address impacts on cultural heritage in accordance with the mitigation hierarchy. During impacts’ assessment study and through communities and stakeholders’ consultations, there is heritage site was identified to be within or near the project 3.5.9 Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure This ESS recognizes the importance of open and transparent engagement between the Borrower and project stakeholders as an essential element of good international practice. Effective stakeholder engagement can improve the environmental and social sustainability of projects, enhance project acceptance, and make a significant contribution to successful project design and implementation. Objectives of ESS10 are: To establish a systematic approach to stakeholder engagement that will help Borrowers identify stakeholders and build and maintain a constructive relationship with them, in particular project-affected parties To assess the level of stakeholder interest and support for the project and to enable their stakeholders’ views to be taken into account in project design and environmental and social performance. To promote and provide means for effective and inclusive engagement with project- affected parties throughout the project life cycle on issues that could potentially affect them, To ensure that appropriate project information on environmental and social risks and impacts is disclosed to stakeholders in a timely, understandable, accessible and appropriate manner and format, Page | 118 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) To provide project-affected parties with accessible and inclusive means to raise issues and grievances, and allow Borrowers to respond to and manage such grievances. ESS10 requirements among others include: The GoT will engage with stakeholders through- out the project life cycle, commencing such engagement as early as possible in the project development process and in a timeframe that enables meaningful consultations with stakeholders on project design. The nature, scope and frequency of stakeholder engagement will be proportionate to the nature and scale of the project and its potential risks and impacts. The GoT will engage in meaningful consultations with all stakeholders. Will provide stakeholders with timely, relevant, understandable and accessible information, and consult with them in a culturally appropriate manner, which is free of manipulation, interference, coercion, discrimination and intimidation. The process of stakeholder engagement will involve the following, as set out in further detail in this ESS: (i) Stakeholder identification and analysis; (ii) Planning how the engagement with stakeholders will take place; (iii) Disclosure of information; (iv) Consultation with stakeholders; (v) Addressing and responding to grievances; and (vi) Reporting to stakeholders. The TIRP 2 project has prepared a specific Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) for the proposed projects which guided consultations during the ESIA stage. 3.6 The World Bank ESH Guidelines Once a member of the World Bank Group is involved in a project, adherence to the EHS Guidelines is mandatory as a matter of policy. The General EHS Guidelines are a set of technical reference documents which addresses "Good International Industry Practices" in four focus areas: 1) Environmental 2) Occupational Health and Safety Page | 119 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 3) Community Health and Safety and 4) Construction and Decommissioning The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site- specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of the EHS Guidelines should be tailored to the hazards and risks established for each project based on the results of an environmental assessment in which site-specific variables, such as host country context, assimilative capacity of the environment, and other project factors, are considered. Under TIRP project, these guidelines shall be implemented during construction and operation of the project. Page | 120 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER FOUR 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 4.1 Introduction This chapter provides baseline information on the existing physical, biological and socio- economic conditions in the area studied under this project.This baseline information is used as a benchmark to identify and determine the level of potential impact due to the project. This data has to be taken into account in planning of the monitoring and mitigation requirements. The baseline information was collected from primary and secondary data sources. Primary information was collected through field study, consultations, and satellite images. The secondary information was collected from published journals, books, authorized websites, government reports and previous studies. 4.2 Area of Influence The Area of Influence includes the Project site (the land to be used for the proposed corridor (each side) see figure 5.1, the area surrounding the proposed project to be potentially affected and nearby communities, laydown area and materials sites’ locations (i.e. borrow pits and quarry sites). The area of influence for this project are defined as: The area likely to be affected include: (i) The project’s activities and facilities that are directly owned, operated or managed (including by contractors) and that are a component of the project; (ii) Impacts from unplanned but predictable developments caused by the project that may occur later or at different location/s; or (iii) Indirect project impacts on biodiversity or on ecosystem services upon which Affected Communities’ livelihoods are dependent. • Supporting infrastructures which are facilities that are not part of the project and that would not have been constructed or expanded if the project did not exist and without which the project would not be viable. • Cumulative impacts that result from the incremental impact, on areas or resources used or directly impacted by the project, from other existing, planned or reasonably Page | 121 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) defined developments at the time the risks and impacts identification process is conducted. 4.2.1 Direct Area of Influence In the context of this report, the Direct Area of Influence includes the proposed railway road footprint as well as the receiving environment surrounding the railway track likely to be affected by the Project activities during construction, operation, and decommissioning phases within a radius of 0.5km. This also includes areas that will be impacted by the construction of the railway track, health and safety impacts (including disturbance from noise and dust during construction), and construction camps and immigration of job opportunists into the local area. 4.2.2 Indirect Area of Influence The Indirect Area of Influence includes areas beyond the proximity of the project’s buffer zone radius (0.5km) of the Project site, which may be affected by the Project although to a lesser extent see figure 4.1 for Dar es Salaam and in Appendix 2 for other regions. The area was selected so as to counter check the effects of other human activities that may contribute impacts to the project or causing superimposition impacts as that of the project especially in the town areas. Page | 122 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.1: Project Area of Influenc Page | 123 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.3 Sensitivity Screening Based on the sensitivity screening (reviewing of the WB –ESF- especially ESS6) undertaken for the areas along proposed project, the proposed project route passing through or nearby some most valuable ecosystem, i.e., swamps and rivers, (see Figure 4.2) and refer to section 2.5. There are no conservation plans along the railway road for the municipalities and districts connected by the proposed project; however, the project crosses and goes parallel with a number of rivers (Ruvu, Wami and Kondoa River) and tributaries that direct its water to the Indian Ocean, hence Biodiversity Areas are present or defined. Page | 124 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.2: Conserver Area Page | 125 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.4 Land use and land cover of the area Referring section 2.3 the project site crossing seven Regions and 17 Districts of Tanzania having different land uses varying from agricultural, industries, forest reserves, residential, bare lands, water reserving areas, etc. (see figure 4.3) and in the appended summary of social economic in the appendix 8. As far as the buffer zone of this project is concerned, land use has undergone great changes over time. The area of cropland has been decreased; the area of construction land has been increased significantly. The area of forest/grassland and water area fluctuated slightly around the average line. The introduction of New SGR line has contributed to about 70% of this in the project corridor. Page | 126 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.3: Land use in the project corridor Page | 127 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.5 Environment and social status of the project study area The environment and social status of the project area to be described in this section is divided in the following sub sections (i) Physical characteristics (ii) Biological Characteristics (iii) Social Economic Characteristics. This will be presided by lesson learnt from TIRPI 4.5.1 Physical Environment 4.5.1.1 Climate This section shall be based on the finding given by Tanzania Metrological Agency (TMA) from its recently official published statement bears the name as “Statement on the Status of Tanzania Climate In 2021”. The paper stated that Tanzania as one of the developing countries, also suffers to the impact of the climatic change such as Increasing temperatures, sea level rise, changing precipitation patterns and frequent extreme weather events that might threaten human life and safety, water and pasture availability, food security, and socio-economic development. It also identifies that the extreme temperatures, heavy rainfall, floods, prolonged dry spells, and droughts have significantly caused damage to infrastructures, disruptions of agricultural activities, and even increased habitat suitability for biting insects, pests, and transmission of vector-borne diseases. Climate of Tanzania Temperature range Temperatures across the country are normally characterized by relatively less fluctuation throughout the year. The annual long-term average temperature over different stations in the country ranges from 14.4 °C to 26.4 °C. Regions with the highest temperatures are along the coast and western parts of the country. The season with high temperatures starts from October through February or March of the following year, while the cold season is from May to August. The annual minimum air temperature (Tmin) and maximum air temperature (Tmax) across the stations in the country ranges from 9.6 °C to 22 °C and 19.1 °C to 30.7 °C respectively. Page | 128 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) On average, November and December were the warmest months of the year 2021, November being a record break in historical perspective while December being the third warmest on record since 1970. In those months the country average air temperature anomaly was 1.3 °C and 1 °C above long term average (1981-2010). In addition, higher maximum temperature anomaly between 1°C and 2 °C above long term average were observed over large part of the country in November, except northern coast, north-eastern highlands, and southern regions whose temperature anomaly exceeded 2 °C. Likewise, maximum temperature anomaly exceeding 2 °C was observed in southern region extending to southwestern highlands during December. On the other hand, September recorded relatively warmer nights, whereby many parts of the country recorded temperature anomalies between 1°C and 2 °C above long term average. Rainfall distribution The rainfall distribution and variability are driven by multiple factors including East African Monsoon, El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and westerlies from Congo, tropical cyclones, and Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The migration of ITCZ north and south across the equator is among the main factors affecting the distribution and variability of rainfall in Tanzania and the entire East African region. The migration of ITCZ lags the overhead sun by 3-4 weeks over the region. The ITCZ migrates to southern regions of Tanzania in October to December, reaching southern part of the country in February and reverses northwards in March, April, and May. Due to this movement, some areas experience single and double passages of the ITCZ. The areas that coincide with single passage are known as unimodal areas. These include the southern, southwestern, central, and western parts of the country, which receive rainfall from November to April or May (NDJFMA, also known as Msimu). Areas that experience double passage are known as bimodal, and include northern coast, northeastern highlands, Lake Victoria areas, and the Islands of Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba). These regions receive two distinct rainfall seasons. The long rainy season (also known as Masika), which starts mainly in March and continues through May (MAM) and the short rainfall season (also called Vuli) which starts in October and continues through December (OND). January and February are the transition period (relatively dry) for bimodal areas while June, July, August, and September are dry months for the entire country. Page | 129 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) The country total rainfall for 2021 was 847.2 mm, which is 177.5 mm below the long-term average and equivalent to 82.7% of average. This observation makes 2021 to be the fourth driest year on record since 1970, where 2003, 2012, and 2005 were the first, second, and third driest years respectively. Most parts of the country received normal rainfall ranging between 75% and 100% of average, except for the northern coastline including Zanzibar Islands, which received below normal rainfall ranging between 50% and 75% of average. However, the year 2021 was particularly wet over southeastern Tanzania, specifically, the eastern part of Mtwara region which recorded above normal rainfall ranging between 125% and 150%. Local and Site-Specific Climate The information is based on the published statement by TMA of 2021 compared with other previously statements. Rainfall across the entire stretch of the proposed MGR from Dar es Salaam to Isaka is variable. The southern, southwestern, central, and western parts of the country receiving single passage of rainfall (unimodal) from November to April or May (also known as Msimu). While other Areas experiences double passage of rain fall which known as bimodal. Those regions include northern coast, northeastern highlands, Lake Victoria areas, and the Islands of Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba). The long rainy season (also known as Masika), which starts mainly in March and continues through May and the short rainfall season (also called Vuli) which starts in October and continues through December. January and February are the transition period (relatively dry) for bimodal areas while June, July, August, and September are dry months for the entire country. Weather and climate related impacts The extreme weather events had major and adverse impacts on population displacement, destruction of infrastructures (i.e., rail way line, Kilosa Gulwe area, roads, telephone lines) and loss of lives and properties. In addition, due to less rainfall especially towards the end of the year many areas in the country are normally affected by prolonged dry spells which might impaired agricultural activities, pasture, and water availability. Prolonged dry spells coupled with high temperatures during September to December may also cause severe shortage of water and pastures. This condition may result into starvation and deaths of thousands of livestock in different parts of the country. According to TMA, 2021 a total of 306,358 livestock Page | 130 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) died, which includes 157,695 cattle, 94,230 sheep, 48,290 goats, and 6,135 donkeys and 8 camels, especially in Manyara, Morogoro, Coast, Arusha, and Kilimanjaro regions due to high temperatures during September to December 2021 caused severe shortage of water and pastures. Climatic change scenarios Tanzania being member of the UN has signed number of multilateral agreements to protect the environment and one of it is The Paris Agreement of 2015 which sets out a global framework to limit global warming to well below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C, compared to pre- industrial levels. To achieve this global temperature goal, countries aim to reduce growth of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible and rapid reductions, thereafter, based on the best available science, economic and social feasibility. The effects of climate change are already well visible by increasing air temperatures, melting glaciers and decreasing polar ice caps, rising sea levels, increasing desertification, as well as by more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, floods and storms. Climate change is not globally uniform and affects some regions more than others. On the table 5.1 and Figure 4.4 to 4.17, you can see how climate change has already affected the regions passed by the project starting from Dar es Salaam to Shinyanga during the past 40 years. The data source used is ERA5, the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate, covering the time range from 1979 to 2021, with a spatial resolution of 30 km. Table 4.1: climate change scenarios Region Climatic change scenario Dar es Figure 4.4 graph shows an estimate of the mean annual temperature for the Salaam larger region of Dar es Salaam. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the temperature trend is positive, and it is getting warmer in Dar es Salaam due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen, and if it is going down, conditions in Dar es Salaam are becoming colder over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called warming stripes. Each colored stripe represents the average temperature for a year - blue for colder and red for warmer years. Page | 131 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Region Climatic change scenario Figure 4.5 shows an estimate of mean total precipitation for the larger region of Dar es Salaam. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the precipitation trend is positive, and it is getting wetter in Dar es Salaam due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen and if it is going down conditions are becoming drier in Dar es Salaam over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called precipitation stripes. Each colored stripe represents the total precipitation of a year - green for wetter and brown for drier years. From the figures 4.4 and 4.5 it is clear that alternate change in climatic conditions i.e. rainfall and temperature may cause the deterioration of the strictures. Kibaha Figure 4.6 shows an estimate of the mean annual temperature for the larger region of Kibaha. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the temperature trend is positive, and it is getting warmer in Kibaha due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen, and if it is going down, conditions in Kibaha are becoming colder over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called warming stripes. Each colored stripe represents the average temperature for a year - blue for colder and red for warmer years. Figure 4.7 shows an estimate of mean total precipitation for the larger region of Kibaha. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the precipitation trend is positive, and it is getting wetter in Kibaha due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen and if it is going down conditions are becoming drier in Kibaha over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called precipitation stripes. Each colored stripe represents the total precipitation of a year - green for wetter and brown for drier years. From the figures 4.6 and 4.7 it is clear that alternate change in climatic conditions i.e. rainfall and temperature may cause the deterioration of the strictures. Morogoro Figure 4.8 shows an estimate of the mean annual temperature for the larger region of Morogoro. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the temperature trend is positive and it is getting warmer in Morogoro due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen, and if it is going down, conditions in Morogoro are becoming colder over time. Page | 132 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Region Climatic change scenario In the lower part the graph shows the so-called warming stripes. Each colored stripe represents the average temperature for a year - blue for colder and red for warmer years. Figure 4.9 shows an estimate of mean total precipitation for the larger region of Morogoro. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the precipitation trend is positive and it is getting wetter in Morogoro due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen and if it is going down conditions are becoming drier in Morogoro over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called precipitation stripes. Each colored stripe represents the total precipitation of a year - green for wetter and brown for drier years. From the figures 4.8 and 4.9 it is clear that alternate change in climatic conditions i.e., rainfall and temperature may cause the deterioration of the strictures. Dodoma Figure 4.10 shows an estimate of the mean annual temperature for the larger region of Dodoma. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the temperature trend is positive and it is getting warmer in Dodoma due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen, and if it is going down, conditions in Dodoma are becoming colder over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called warming stripes. Each colored stripe represents the average temperature for a year - blue for colder and red for warmer years. Figure 4.11 shows an estimate of mean total precipitation for the larger region of Dodoma. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the precipitation trend is positive and it is getting wetter in Dodoma due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen and if it is going down conditions are becoming drier in Dodoma over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called precipitation stripes. Each colored stripe represents the total precipitation of a year - green for wetter and brown for drier years. From the figures 4.10 and 4.11 it is clear that alternate change in climatic conditions i.e. rainfall and temperature may cause the deterioration of the strictures. Singida Figure 4.12 shows an estimate of the mean annual temperature for the larger region of Singida. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the temperature trend is positive and it is getting warmer in Singida due to climate change. If it is Page | 133 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Region Climatic change scenario horizontal, no clear trend is seen, and if it is going down, conditions in Singida are becoming colder over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called warming stripes. Each colored stripe represents the average temperature for a year - blue for colder and red for warmer years. Figure 4.13 shows an estimate of mean total precipitation for the larger region of Singida. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the precipitation trend is positive and it is getting wetter in Singida due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen and if it is going down conditions are becoming drier in Singida over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called precipitation stripes. Each colored stripe represents the total precipitation of a year - green for wetter and brown for drier years. From the figures 4.12 and 4.13 it is clear that alternate change in climatic conditions i.e. rainfall and temperature may cause the deterioration of the strictures. Tabora Figure 4.14 shows an estimate of the mean annual temperature for the larger region of Tabora. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the temperature trend is positive and it is getting warmer in Tabora due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen, and if it is going down, conditions in Tabora are becoming colder over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called warming stripes. Each colored stripe represents the average temperature for a year - blue for colder and red for warmer years. Figure 4.15 shows an estimate of mean total precipitation for the larger region of Tabora. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the precipitation trend is positive and it is getting wetter in Tabora due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen and if it is going down conditions are becoming drier in Tabora over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called precipitation stripes. Each colored stripe represents the total precipitation of a year - green for wetter and brown for drier years. From the figures 4.14 and 4.15 it is clear that alternate change in climatic conditions i.e. rainfall and temperature may cause the deterioration of the strictures Page | 134 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Region Climatic change scenario Shinyanga Figure 4.16 shows an estimate of the mean annual temperature for the larger region of Shinyanga. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the temperature trend is positive and it is getting warmer in Shinyanga due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen, and if it is going down, conditions in Shinyanga are becoming colder over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called warming stripes. Each colored stripe represents the average temperature for a year - blue for colder and red for warmer years. Figure 4.17 shows an estimate of mean total precipitation for the larger region of Shinyanga. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the precipitation trend is positive and it is getting wetter in Shinyanga due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen and if it is going down conditions are becoming drier in Shinyanga over time. In the lower part the graph shows the so-called precipitation stripes. Each colored stripe represents the total precipitation of a year - green for wetter and brown for drier years. From the figures 4.16 and 4.17 it is clear that alternate change in climatic conditions i.e. rainfall and temperature may cause the deterioration of the strictures Page | 135 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.4: Mean yearly temperature trend for Dar es Salaam Page | 136 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.5: Mean yearly precipitation trend for Dar es Salaam Page | 137 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.6: Mean yearly temperature trend for Kibaha Page | 138 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.7: Mean yearly precipitation trend for Kibaha Page | 139 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.8: Mean yearly temperature trend for Morogoro Page | 140 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.9: Mean yearly precipitation trend for Morogoro Page | 141 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.10: Mean yearly temperature trend for Dodoma Page | 142 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.11: Mean yearly precipitation trend for Dodoma Page | 143 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.12: Mean yearly temperature trend for Singida Page | 144 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.13: Mean yearly precipitation trend for Singida Page | 145 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.14: Mean yearly temperature trend for Tabora Page | 146 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.15: Mean yearly temperature trend for Tabora Page | 147 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.16: Mean yearly temperature trend for Shinyanga Page | 148 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.17: Mean yearly temperature trend for Shinyanga Page | 149 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Wind Distribution Wind rose diagrams plotted using data recorded during the 1/1/2021 - 00:00 to 1/2/2022 - 02:00 were shown in the Figure 4.18 to 4.31. From the results, it can be clearly stated that each region depicts its own wind pattern at different period of time. Thus, the direction of the pollutant to the particular region could be different as it is explained Region Wind pattern Description Dar es The wind rose shows that during this particular sampling period the wind Salaam blew from the Southeast - 9.75% of the time, and from the northeast 3.9% of the time see figure 4.18 and 4.19. The longest time with the highest wind speed is observed from southeast direction. Thus, the highest pollutant movement will follow that direction of wind at that particular time of the project phase. Pwani The wind rose shows that during this particular sampling period the wind blew from the SouthEast 9.2% of the time, southwest 1.84% and from the northeast 3.68% of the time see figure 4.20 and 4. 21. The longest time with the highest wind speed is observed from southeast direction. Thus, the highest pollutant movement will follow that direction of wind at that particular time of the project phase. Morogoro The wind rose shows that during this particular sampling period the wind blew from the Southeast 14% of the time, east 11.2% and from the northeast 5.58% of the time see figure 4.22 and 4. 23. The longest time with the highest wind speed is observed from southeast direction. Thus, the highest pollutant movement will follow that direction of wind at that particular time of the project phase. Dodoma The wind rose shows that during this particular sampling period the wind blew from the Southeast 20.2% of the time, east 12.1% and from the northeast 4.04% of the time see figure 4.24 and 4.25. The longest time with the highest wind speed is observed from southeast direction. Thus, the highest pollutant movement will follow that direction of wind at that particular time of the project phase. Singida The wind rose shows that during this particular sampling period the wind blew from the Southeast 28.9% of the time and from east 5.77% of the time see figure 4.26 and 4. 27. The longest time with the highest wind speed is observed from southeast direction. Thus, the highest pollutant movement will follow that direction of wind at that particular time of the project phase. Tabora The wind rose shows that during this particular sampling period the wind blew from the Southeast 17.1% of the time and from east 6.84% of the time Page | 150 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Region Wind pattern Description see figure 4.28 and 4. 29. The longest time with the highest wind speed is observed from southeast direction. Thus, the highest pollutant movement will follow that direction of wind at that particular time of the project phase. Shinyanga The wind rose shows that during this particular sampling period the wind blew from the Southeast 12.7% of the time and from northwest 2.53% of the time see figure 4.30 and 4.31. The longest time with the highest wind speed is observed from the southeast direction. Thus, the highest pollutant movement will follow that direction of wind at that particular time of the project phase. Page | 151 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.18: Wind Rose for Dar es Salaam Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 152 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.19: Wind Graph for Dar es Salaam Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 153 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.20: Wind Rose for Pwani Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 154 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.21: Wind Graph for Pwani Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 155 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.22: Wind Rose for Morogoro Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 156 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.23: Wind Graph for Morogoro Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 157 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.24: Wind Rose for Dodoma Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 158 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.25: Wind Graph for Dodoma Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 159 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.26: Wind Rose for Singida Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 160 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.27: Wind Graph for Singida Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 161 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.28: Wind Rose for Tanga Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 162 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.29: Wind Graph for Tanga Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 163 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.30: Wind Rose for Shinyanga Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 164 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.31: Wind Graph for Shinyanga Region Source: Wind Plot 2022 Page | 165 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.5.1.2 Topography The topography of the project area is characterised by mixed residential buildings, industrial buildings, infrastructural and high concentrations of trade and other services and manufacturing activities. The terrain of the project area has modified due to the developments done around the project area. The general elevation in the site decreases as you go Far East from end point of the project to the Indian Ocean as indicated in the figure 5.32. Page | 166 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.32: Topography of the area Page | 167 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.5.1.3 Soil and geology According to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), Tanzania has 19 dominant soil types. The proposed MGR alignment passes through numerous soil types from Dar es Salaam to Isaka see figure 4.33 to 4.35. Based on the information acquired from FAO and Tanzania soil map published by GST Ferric Acrisols (at Singida and Dodoma region) is the major type of Soil that dominate the stretch along which the project site is existing. The age, mineralogy, and extensive leaching of these soils might lead to low levels of plant nutrients, excess aluminium, and high erodibility of which might make problematic to the railway track. Figure 4.33: Soil along project corridor Page | 168 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.34: Provision Soil Map of Tanzania Page | 169 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.35: Soil Type along project area Page | 170 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.5.1.4 Mineral Resources There are several mineral resources and deposits in different regions traversed by the Project rail line. Three groups of mineral resources within the regions traversed by the proposed railway line Project are found close to the Project Area of Influence. These include kiln kaolin (ceramic and refractory minerals) in Dar es Salaam region and coloured stones (amethyst, quartz, citrine, aventurine, etc.) in Morogoro and Dodoma regions. While Singida, Tabora and Shinyanga are subjective to Gold and Diamond. The direct area of influence for this Project does not have mineral resources. 4.5.1.5 Hydrology The project site passing through two major catchment area in Tanzania which area Wami Ruvu Catchment and Internal Drainage Catchment. The IDB is situated in the north-eastern part of Tanzania. It is the second largest basin in the country, which extends over six regions of Arusha, Shinyanga, Manyara, Dodoma, Singida, and Tabora with a nominal area of 153,800 km2. The average annual rainfall in most parts of the IDB ranges from 600 - 900 mm/year. However, the north-eastern part (near border of Kenya) gets more than 1,000 mm/year. The IDB is divided into nine sub-basements/sub-basins/sub-catchments and almost all rivers in it are Seasonal (either Ephemeral or Intermittent) and flow into lakes and swamps (as elaborated earlier) of varying size from December to July but are completely dry in the rest of the year. The Wami/Ruvu River Basin, on the other hand, is located in the eastern part of Tanzania and has a catchment area of 66,294 km2. The basin has two major rivers of Wami and Ruvu with approximate catchment areas of 43,742 km2 and 17,789 km2, respectively, with coastal rivers located to the Eastern part of the Basin flowing into Indian Ocean, most of which are located in Dar es Salaam Region. The source of Wami River is Chandama highland (El. +1511m) in the northern Tanzania and the catchment has an area of 43,742 km2 and 637 km long. The Wami River runs through Dodoma, Bahi, Chamwino, Mpwapwa, Kilosa, Mvomero and Bagamoyo districts and drains into the Indian Ocean. Page | 171 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) On the other hand, the Ruvu River is originating from Mt. Uluguru with a catchment area of 11,789 km2 and 316 km long. It runs through Morogoro, Kibaha and Bagamoyo districts and drains out to the Indian Ocean. The drainage patterns and scenarios of the project area majorly governed by rivers and streams, with drain ditches flowing along the railway to discharge runoff away from both the nearby communities as well as the highway pavement structure. Thus, the study looked at the rivers/streams and how they impact the railway track as well as the provided drainage structures and channels for the conveyance of the resulting runoff. The rail alignment crosses both perennial and seasonal watercourses and spans regions with differing rainy seasons and means annual precipitation (refer figure 4.36). The railway track also crosses in various flood plain area along its way which are Ruvu River flood plain The Ruvu River is an important water source for Dar es Salaam and experiences high turbidity levels (FAO, 2009). The Ruvu floodplain provides important ecosystem goods and services. Higher upstream flood levels could affect agricultural land and nearby communities. The rail embankment may affect the hydro morphology of the river and impact on the natural migration of the main channel within the floodplain, Mkondoa River flood plain The Mkondoa River is an important water source for Kilosa, Kidete, Godegode and Gulwe areas and experiences high turbidity levels. The Mkondoa floodplain provides an important ecosystem goods and services. It provides flood storage during periods of high flows and acts as a deposition zone for sediment and nutrients. Higher upstream flood levels could affect agricultural land and nearby communities. Page | 172 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.36: Orders of streams along and crossing the project Page | 173 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) It is worth noting that the ongoing study of assessment of Climate vulnerability and Disaster risks along Dsm-Isaka railway will provide recommendations that shall be included in ESIA and ESMP once ready. 4.5.1.6 Flooding Events along the Proposed Project The existing MGR line has experienced impacts from flooding and sedimentation events at Kilosa, Kidete and Gulwe sections. A total of 40 flood events occurred between Kilosa and Dodoma during 2011–2014, out of which 22 (55 percent) flood events occurred at two specific locations of Km 349 and at Km 365.6 which fall at Gulwe and Godegode areas (JICA et al., 2016). The Kilosa, Kidete and Gulwe sections have experienced repeated flooding events in 1962, 1968, 1992, 1997/1998, 2009/2010, 2011, 2014 and the most recent event in January, 2018. The impacts of these floods have included railway damage in terms of scouring around substructure piers and/or embankments and outflows of track and/or rail-bed. The occurrence of these floods is attributed to the fact that the railway crosses the Kilosa to Dodoma section consisting of two major rivers; the Kinyasungwe and Mkondoa Rivers. TRC has implemented several recovery emergency response measures to ensure quick reopening of railway operations but not serious preventative measures due to limited funds. However, in recent there is a study which is undergoing with the government so as to come with pertinent solutions for the problem in the flood areas. In addition, It is worth noting that the ongoing study of assessment of Climate vulnerability and Disaster risks along Dsm-Isaka railway will provide recommendations that shall be included in ESIA and ESMP once ready. 4.5.1.7 Air Quality The project alignment crosses Dar es Salaam, Coast, Morogoro, Dodoma and Singida, Tabora and Shinyanga Regions. Along its way it crosses number of anthropogenic activities thus, Air quality of the Project Area is expected to be influenced by pollutants from existing stationary sources, fugitive /mobile sources, and small combustion facilities. Existing stationary sources of air pollutants includes fuel burning at residential, burning of solid waste, industries, and factories. During the study number of industries were mostly found in Dar es Salaam and Morogoro town. Most communities along the railway stretch use firewood for cooking and heating are also classified as stationary sources of air pollutants. Page | 174 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) The air pollutants associated with stationary sources include nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM), as well as other air pollutants including certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The fugitive sources of pollutants include cars and trucks crossing the railway and the diesel- powered locomotives (existing trains). Other sources include turbines located at Ruvu and boilers in various industries located in Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Tabora and Morogoro. The fugitive emissions may also Include VOCs, NOx, SO2 and CO mainly generated from combustion processes in vehicle engines, turbines, and boilers. The spatial distribution for sources of air pollutants along the proposed railway stretch covers a very small area since the proposed project passes across undeveloped land-forests and bushlands. Ambient Air Quality Results Ambient air quality monitoring was done at the mentioned locations in table 1.4, table 1.5 and appendix 2. The maximum, minimum and average values of PM2.5 and PM10 are represented in table 4.2 and Gaseous Pollutants such as (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) are presented in table 4.3to 4.8. Using the WHO Standard limits, most of the sampled areas in the Project area are already above limits. Table 4.2: Monitored PM10 & PM2.5 Values PM10 (μg/Nm3) PM2.5 (μg/Nm3) WHO Standard Limit (EHS Sl. Region Sampling Guidelines) No. Location Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg. PM10 PM2.5 (μg/Nm (μg/Nm3 3 ) ) 1. 74 86 60 66 50 25 AQM 80 63 S-1 2. 68 72 70 65 71 68 Dar es AQM Salaam S -2 3. 60 64 62 49 52 50.5 AQM S -3 4. 58 66 62 50 58 54 AQM S -4 Page | 175 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PM10 (μg/Nm3) PM2.5 (μg/Nm3) WHO Standard Limit (EHS Sl. Region Sampling Guidelines) No. Location Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg. PM10 PM2.5 (μg/Nm (μg/Nm3 3 ) ) 5. 50 60 55 45 53 49 AQM S -5 Pwan 6. i 55 62 58.5 50 58 54 AQM S -6 7. 58 68 63 48 56 52 AQM S -7 8. 60 66 63 54 61 57.5 Morogor AQM o S -8 9. 52 56 54 44 51 47.5 AQM S -9 10. 66 74 70 58 63 60.5 AQM S -10 11. 60 68 64 52 60 56 Dodoma AQM S -11 12. 56 62 59 50 58 54 AQM S -12 13. 70 76 73 63 68 65.5 AQM S -13 Singi 14. da 62 68 65 51 53 52 AQM S -14 15. 59 65 62 50 58 54 AQM S -15 16. 74 80 77 63 70 66.5 AQM S -16 17. 68 76 72 59 68 63.5 Tabo AQM ra S -17 18. 55 56 55.5 50 54 52 AQM S -18 19. 52 60 56 41 48 44.5 AQM S -19 Page | 176 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PM10 (μg/Nm3) PM2.5 (μg/Nm3) WHO Standard Limit (EHS Sl. Region Sampling Guidelines) No. Location Min Max Avg. Min Max Avg. PM10 PM2.5 (μg/Nm (μg/Nm3 3 ) ) 20. 56 66 61 44 50 47 Shinyanga AQM S -20 21. 60 70 65 47 53 50 AQM S -21 Note: For PM10 -The Environmental Management (Air Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007; PM2.5 - National Ambient Air Quality Standards, US EPA. Table 4.3: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Dar es Salaam Sl. Pollutant Measured values (μg/Nm3) Limit Standard s No AQMS-1 AQMS-2 AQMS-3 1. Sox 0.001 0.004 0.00 100 μg/Nm3 The Environmental 2. CO 0.002 0.002 <1 10,000 μg/Nm3 Management (Air 3. NOx 0.001 0.004 <1 120μg/Nm3 Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007. 4. H2S <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20 PPM OSHA Standards Table 4.4: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Pwani Sl. Pollutant Measured values (μg/Nm3) Limit Standard s No AQMS-4 AQMS-5 AQMS-6 1. Sox 0.001 0.00 0.00 100 μg/Nm3 The Environmental 2. CO 0.00 0.001 0.00 10,000 μg/Nm3 Management (Air 3. NOx 0.001 0.002 0.00 120μg/Nm3 Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007. 4. H2S <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20 PPM OSHA Standards Page | 177 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.5: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Morogoro Sl. Pollutant Measured values (μg/Nm3) Limit Standard s No AQMS-7 AQMS-8 AQMS-9 1. Sox 0.002 0.00 0.001 100 μg/Nm3 The Environmental 2. CO 0.001 0.00 0.003 10,000 μg/Nm3 Management (Air 3. NOx 0.00 0.00 0.001 120μg/Nm3 Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007. 4. H2S <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20 PPM OSHA Standards Table 4.6: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Dodoma Sl. Pollutant Measured values (μg/Nm3) Limit Standard s No AQMS-10 AQMS- AQMS-12 11 1. Sox 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 μg/Nm3 The Environmental 2. CO 0.001 0.001 0.001 10,000 μg/Nm3 Management (Air 3. NOx 0.002 0.00 0.003 120μg/Nm3 Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007. 4. H2S <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20 PPM OSHA Standards Page | 178 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.7: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Singida Sl. Pollutant Measured values (μg/Nm3) Limit Standard s No AQMS-13 AQMS- AQMS-15 14 1. Sox 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 μg/Nm3 The Environmental 2. CO 0.00 0.001 0.00 10,000 μg/Nm3 Management (Air 3. NOx 0.00 0.00 0.00 120μg/Nm3 Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007. 4. H2S <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20 PPM OSHA Standards Table 4.8: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Tabora Sl. Pollutant Measured values (μg/Nm3) Limit Standard s No AQMS-16 AQMS- AQMS-18 17 1. Sox 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 μg/Nm3 The Environmental 2. CO <1 0.00 <1 10,000 μg/Nm3 Management (Air 3. NOx 79 0.00 5 120μg/Nm3 Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007. 4. H2S <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20 PPM OSHA Standards Page | 179 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.9: Results of Gaseous Pollutants (Sox, NOx, H2S & CO) at Shinyanga Sl. Pollutant Measured values (μg/Nm3) Limit Standard s No AQMS-19 AQMS- AQMS-21 20 1. Sox 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 μg/Nm3 The Environmental 2. CO 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,000 μg/Nm3 Management (Air 3. NOx 79 0.00 0.00 120μg/Nm3 Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007. 4. H2S <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20 PPM OSHA Standards Note: The recorded exceedance values are highlighted in the above tables Discussion During the study, the average values of PM2.5 was observed between 44.5 - 68 μg/Nm3 and for PM10 the average values were observed between 54 – 80 μg/Nm3. The highest value of PM10 and PM2.5 was recorded at AQMS 1 i.e., at Kamata. The reason of higher label of particulate at AQMS 1 are due to resuspension of the fine dust particulates because of the heavy traffic in the area. The particulate matter can be reduced drastically by sprinkling of water. With respect to gaseous pollutants, all the parameters were of insignificant to all monitoring locations. The recorded values of the gaseous pollutant it doesn’t mean the absence of it but the measured parameters might also be less than the detectable limit of the instrument used. 4.5.1.8 Noise Quality The ambient noise monitoring was done to observe the ambient noise level in the area near to the project area. The aim of this noise monitoring was to record the noise level to the receptors within the study area especially to the human settlement for future reference. The Page | 180 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) monitoring was done at three locations per region in the vicinity of the project area on a 24- hour basis. Modeling was done to indicate the noise contour to the receptors at each region under open environment conditions see figure 4.38 to 4.44. Result is given in Table 5.10 and the monitoring locations are shown in table 1.4 and in the appendix 2. The major sources of noise were observed mainly from vehicles, road traffic and markets. Noise Monitoring Results Noise levels during day-time, in the area were observed to be in the range of 50 dB (A) to 90 dB (A), where six points are above the limit as per Environmental Management (Standards for the Control of Noise and Vibration Pollution) Regulations, 2011. Noise levels at these locations are due to vehicular movements as well as other human activities in the area. Noise level during night-time was observed to be in the range of 38 dB (A) to 69 dB (A) where only two points are above the limit as per Environmental Management (Standards for the Control of Noise and Vibration Pollution) Regulations, 2011. Noise levels at these locations are due to vehicular movements as well as other human activities in the area. Day and night noise levels with their respective locations, along with coordinates are given in Table 4.10 and figure 4.37. Page | 181 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.10: Summary of Ambient Noise Levels Monitored in the Study Area Monitored Noise IFC Standard Sl. Location Category of Levels LAeq (dBA) (EHS No. Region Code Area Guidelines) One Hour LAeq (dBA) Day Night Day Night 1. NM-1 Industrial, 85 65 55 45 Dar es Commercial Salaam and Residential 2. NM-2 90 69 3. NM-3 72 60 4. NM-4 Rural, 68 55 55 45 5. NM-5 Commercial 59 45 6. Pwani NM-6 and Residential 54 42 7. NM-7 Industrial, 88 50 55 45 8. NM-8 Commercial 75 48 9. Morogoro NM-9 and Residential 70 44 10. NM-10 Industrial, 67 50 11. NM-11 Commercial 74 52 12. Dodoma NM-12 and Residential 66 53 13. NM-13 Rural, 68 55 55 45 14. Singida NM-14 Commercial 66 54 15. NM-15 and Residential 60 42 16. NM-16 Industrial, 65 52 55 45 17. Tabora NM-17 Commercial 70 50 18. NM-18 and Residential 60 42 19. NM-19 Rural, 58 40 55 45 20. Shinyanga NM-20 Commercial 55 41 21. NM-21 and Residential 50 38 Note: The recorded exceedance values are highlighted in the above tables Page | 182 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.37: Noise levels Page | 183 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.38: Noise contour at Dar es Salaam Page | 184 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.39: Noise contour at Pwani Page | 185 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.40: Noise contour at Morogoro Page | 186 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.41: Noise contour at Dodoma Page | 187 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.42: Noise contour at Singida Page | 188 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.43: Noise contour at Tabora Page | 189 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.44: Noise contour at Shinyanga` Page | 190 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.5.1.9 Water quality Analysis of water quality The key water quality parameters monitored at stations are analyzed to reflect the status of water quality of and the trend for water quality. The water samples were analyzed for Biological and physicochemical characteristics. The physicochemical parameters were analyzed if there are any parameters exceeding TBS Standard for the Protection of Human Health and the Protection of Aquatic Life. pH: The pH values of the samples ranged from 5.75- 7.11, where the water samples at location tested in the study were found to be in the permissible range of pH value recommended by TBS 6.5-9.6. The pH value measure at Ruvu River, Mkondoa River and Kidete River are 6.61, 6.35 and 6.82 respectively. Mkondoa River has pH value bellow that 6.5 which indicate the slightly weak acidic property that might be caused due to the presence of human activities such as Agriculture in some areas up stream. Electrical conductivity Electric conductivity at the study areas was found to be very low over all points in the study area i.e. Ruvu River measure 96 μS/cm, Mkondoa River measure 69 μS/cm and Kidete River measure 51 μS/cm. Laboratory result show that the electrical conductivity in the study area varies between 51 to 96 μS/cm which is below the prescribed standard established by TBS (2000 μS/cm). Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS values varies from 25 to 48. Mg/l. The maximum value of TDS was at Ruvu River 48 Mg/l which definitely caused due to the presence of agricultural activities taken upstream of the sampling location. Total dissolved solids describe the amount of inorganic salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium etc. and small proportion of organic matter present in the water, where a high value of the same have been reported to be related to acute myocardial infarction as well as ischemic heart diseases detailed see table 5.11. Page | 191 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Phosphate: The phosphate content in the study area found to range from 0.96 to 3.02 mg/l where the maximum value found at Mkondoa River where upstream of the sampling point found to have agricultural activities. This maximum value can be associated with use fertilizers with Sulphur contents. Phosphate is rarely found in high concentrations in waters as it is actively taken up by plants. High concentrations of phosphates can indicate the presence of pollution and are largely responsible for eutrophic conditions. The anthropogenic additions of phosphorus to the river have a considerable effect on the quality of the water. Such phosphate is derived mainly from domestic sewage and the runoff from agricultural areas. Metals: Iron: The analysis of the data revealed that at all three sampling locations iron concentration are within the TBS limit table 4.11. NB. The presence of other metals in the samples were analyzed and most of them were found to be below the detection limit. Turbidity The measure value of the turbidity in the samples collected has the lowest value of 4 NTU at Ruvu River and highest value at Kidete River which 15 NTU in details see table 5.11. The highest value at Kidete River was caused due to the human activities mainly domestic activities such as water fetching, laundry etc. found during sampling. The haziness or cloudiness of a fluid due to various individual particles (TSS or TDS) that can be seen with naked eyes (like smoke in air) is known as turbidity. High concentrations of particulate matter affect light penetration and productivity, recreational values, and habitat quality, and cause lakes to fill in faster. In streams, increased sedimentation and siltation can take place, which might result in harming the habitat areas for fish and other aquatic life. Particles also provide attachment places for some other pollutants, especially bacteria and metals. That’s why, turbidity readings are used as an indicator of potential pollution in a water body. Page | 192 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Color As far as three samples is considered varieties of Color were observed during sampling time. Thus why, laboratory analysis of the color was recommended and the result presented in the table 5.11 show that all sample has the value bellow TBS standard. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3) Water samples collected during monitoring period no any sample were exceeding the TBS limit table 5.11. Ammonia is primarily released during the decomposition of organic matter by bacteria and other microorganisms. The degradation of proteins and amino acids by deamination reactions releases ammonia. Un-ionized ammonia nitrogen (NH3) is toxic to fish at a concentration of 0.02mg/L. The release of wastewater containing ammonia into surface water can result in anaerobic conditions due to oxygen consumption by nitrifying bacteria. At this location, higher level of NH3 can be associated by agriculture activities including grazing. Fecal coliform (FC) A fecal coliform (British: faecal coliform) is a facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, gram- negative, non-sporulation bacterium. Coliform bacteria generally originate in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. The presence of fecal coliform in aquatic environments may indicate that the water has been contaminated with the fecal material of humans or other animals. Fecal coliform bacteria can enter rivers through direct discharge of waste from mammals and birds, from agricultural and storm runoff, and from human sewage. All samples taken shows high levels of Fecal and Total coliform contamination which are all above TBS standard as for fecal coliform table 5.11. The highest values found due to the fact that the rivers along the project corridor are the main source of water supply to all villages serving both humans and animals. It was observed during field visit, animals drink directly from the rivers as well as the humans do wash directly which can be a major source of contamination. Page | 193 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.11: Lab Result Parameter units Ruvu River Mkondoa Kidete TBS: 789: River River 2003 standards pH 6.61 6.35 6.82 6.5 to 9.6 Color Hazen 69 96 59 5850 Turbidity NTU 4 13 15 25 Electrical μS/cm 96 69 51 2000 conductivity TDS Mg/l 48 35 25 2000 Ammonium Mg/l 0.325 0.315 0.269 0.5 Nitrogen Phosphate Mg/l 0.96 3.02 2.16 na Iron Mg/l 0.665 0.435 0.012 1.0 FC Counts/100Ml 6 x 102 4 x 102 7 x102 0 4.5.2 Biological environment Biological and ecological investigations were conducted with emphasis on terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna biodiversity. Fauna biodiversity focused on large mammals, small and medium sized mammals, birds and herptiles (reptiles and amphibians) see figure 5.47. Flora biodiversity emphasized on vegetation physiognomies, types and plant life forms in particular the identification of trees, shrubs, herbs, sedges, lianas, climbers and grasses see figure 5.46. As part of the biodiversity baseline surveys; aquatic surveys were conducted with emphasis on fish, macro-invertebrates, and riparian vegetation. The railway track passing wetlands and floodplain areas which are used for agriculture, cultivating rice, beans, maize, millet, potatoes and onion see figure 4.45. Parts of woodland habitats and riparian vegetation that consist of grassland were utilized as pasture and this provide lifeline during the dry season. Locals make charcoal and firewood out of the trees from different woodland and bush land habitats in the project areas. Page | 194 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.45: Wetland at Msoga Village which is near the railway track Figure 4.46: Flora in the project corridor Page | 195 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.47: Cattle crossing the project corridor 4.5.2.1 Protected areas (wildlife and forest) The project passes through a number of ecologically sensitive areas including of the known protected land include Pugu Hills (Pugu Kazimzumbwi Nature Forest Reserve) and Ruvu South Forest reserves. Also, along the way the railway track passes on the outskirts of Mikumi National Park, the Eastern Miombo Woodlands form a part of a wide belt of miombo woodland, stretching about 200km along the railway alignment. The other biotope is Southern Acacia-Commiphora Bushlands and Thicket located in northern and central Tanzania, dominated by Acacia, Commiphora and Crotalaria species. Also, along and near the railway alignment there exists the following reserves: Nyahua-Mbuga, Uruma, Kigwa Ruruga, Uyui- Kigwa. Ruruga, Ilomero Hill, Igombe and Makere Forest reserves. In addition, there are other village forest reserves in Tura, Malonje Karangasi and Goweko. It should be noted that, the project will be implemented in existing railway passing in these areas for the past 100 years hence the environmental ecosystems around are well adapted to the continuous operational activities of this railway making no significant biodiversity requirements as per ESS6. 4.5.2.2 Wildlife corridors The project crosses wildlife corridors namely; Page | 196 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) (i) The Selous – Wami Mbiki Wildlife Corridor has an approximate length of 160 km, located in the east of Morogoro in the districts Morogoro Rural, Chalinze, Bagamoyo, Kibaha, and Kisarawe. The corridor connects Wami Mbiki WMA to Selous Game Reserve through the Mkulazi Forests, Jukumu/Gonabis WMA, Ruvu River and adjacent riverine forests. This route, also known as the Wami Mbiki - Jukumu/Gonabis/Northern Selous Wildlife Corridor is described by TAWIRI (2009) as an unconfirmed corridor (type A corridor), with uncultivated lands between two protected areas without documentation on animal movements or whether wildlife actually uses the area to move between the protected areas (Figure 4.48). (ii) The Mikumi - Wami Mbiki Wildlife Corridor is located between Morogoro town and Kilosa District Council town with an approximate length of 70 km in Mvomelo and Kilosa Districts. This corridor is categorised by TAWIRI (2009) as providing potential connectivity between important habitats (type E corridor) linking Mikumi National Park and Wami Mbiki Wildlife Management Area (WMA). Mikumi National Park borders the Mkata plains in the North and Tindiga Swamps in the North West of the Park. The link between Mikumi National Park and Wami Mbiki WMA is via the Mkata River, Msowelo River and Mkondoa River to the Wami River along riverbeds/banks and riverine forests from either side of the wildlife corridor (Figure 4.48). (iii) The Swagaswaga-Muhesi/Kigosi corridor: Baseline survey recorded elephant movement crossings in different locations from Makutopora to Tabora at various points. This major wildlife corridor also contributes to existence of multiple crossing points around Manyoni and Itigi Districts (Figure 4.49). The Kizigo and Muhesi Game Reserves located about 19.5km south of MGR alignment forms an extended wildlife area that connects with Swagaswaga Game Reserve, which is located north of the MGR alignment at about 93 kms. (iv) Other corridors including those crossing from Nyahua Forest reserve through Goweko-Kigwa/Rubuga_to Puge South to Ilomelo-Igombe to North Makere Reserves that go all the way to Muyovosi/Malagarasi Game reserves and back. Page | 197 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) (v) Nzubuka River may be related to wildlife movements between Igombe river/Ilomelo hill forest reserves on the west of the alignment and Uyui-Kigwa Forest reserve on the east of the MGR alignment (Figure 4.50). Page | 198 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Dotted lines indicate Wildlife corridor Figure 4.48: Wami-Mbiki Wild Life Management Areas to Selous/ Saadani Page | 199 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.49: Swagaswaga-Muhesi/Kigosi wildlife corridor Page | 200 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Other corridors including those crossing from Nyahua Forest reserve through Goweko- Kigwa/Rubuga_to Puge South to Ilomelo-Igombe to North Makere Reserves that go all the way to Muyovosi/Malagarasi Game reserves and back (Figure 4.50). Figure 4.50: Wildlife crossing in the section from Tabora to Isaka Page | 201 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.5.2.3 Vegetation cover The vegetation in the project area varies depending on soil characteristics and terrain. Acacia- miombo woodlands, bushlands, and scrub forest with groups of scattered trees mainly baobabs (Adansonia digitata) and Commiphora africana characterize the uncultivated project areas. Along most of the project route, natural vegetation has been replaced largely by anthropogenic activities such as livestock grazing and crop production, mostly scattered cultivation with maize, millet, sesame, sorghum, beans, sunflower, rice, and vegetables, etc., intertwined with human settlement. Riverine vegetation dominated by Ficus sur, Ficus sycomorous, Ficus lutea and Phragmites mauritianus was observed at Mkondoa, Kinyasungwi and Bubu rivers. Wetland and floodplain with aquatic vegetation were observed at Mkondoa, Kigwe, Bahi and Kintinku. The original vegetation in most parts of the Railway line is indicated by the remnants of Acacia and miombo woodlands. The observation made along the buffer zone of the project corridor has spotted the presence of invasive species (see appendix 9). The species observed are Xanthium strumarium, Altenanthera pungens, Datura stramonium, Calotropis procera, Conyza floribunda and Ricinus communis . The area dominated with these species are in Railway section between Pugu and Ngerengere, Kilosa and Dodoma as well as Bahi and Itigi section. 4.5.3 Social Economic Environment 4.5.3.1 Introduction This Section describes the current socioeconomic baseline conditions in the Study Area at the National, District, Ward and Village level. Where possible and based on the information available, the socioeconomic conditions of the communities that will be affected by the proposed Project are described, in order to determine the impacts and associated mitigation measures required to minimize negative impacts and enhance positive impacts. The baseline information was determined through the review of existing secondary information, such as past done ESIA reports along the project corridor, the Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) with the primary data collected for the ESIA team during field work. The baseline also relies on secondary information from publicly available online sources and studies. Page | 202 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) This socioeconomic baseline section is further organized into the following subsections: Summary of the National Context : provides a detailed overview of the socioeconomic environment in Tanzania. District Level Context: provides an overview of relevant socioeconomic conditions in the districts through which the project passes. Key Elements of the Social Area of Influence: describes the key socioeconomic baseline elements in the Social Area of Influence that will inform the assessment of impacts and provide a starting point for future implementation of monitoring plans. 4.5.3.2 Methodology Secondary data sources rely on government census data and online sources including a number of available studies on livelihoods in Tanzania. As mentioned above, the primary data used was gathered in the context of the ESIA for the Project. The ESIA primary data was gathered from a sample of communities in the social area of influence or Study Area and complemented with more specific information collected as part of the household census surveys conducted. The following approaches were used: Key informant interviews (KIIs): KIIs were undertaken to gather information from those that are likely to have an influence on the project and / or that are experts in a specific topic area. These included meetings with Regional Commissioners (RC), Regional Administrative Secretaries (RAS), Regional Secretariat experts, District Commissioners (DC), District Administrative secretaries (DAS), Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of City/District/Municipal Councils, utilities agencies, wards and village leaders. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs): Focus groups were undertaken to gather information on various topic areas and to gather Project perceptions from specific groups. FGDs include women, ward leaders, economic venture groups, influential elders, self-help groups, teachers, income generating groups, livestock keepers, farmers, disabled, businessmen etc. Page | 203 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.5.3.3 Area of Influence The socioeconomic Area of Influence (AoI) includes all the settlements totally or partially within a 500 m corridor (250 m either side of the centerline). These communities will be directly (e.g. through land acquisition, resettlement and loss of livelihoods (if it may be applied), community health and safety, noise and other related impacts) and indirectly (e.g., through in- migration or indirect economic impacts) impacted. This corridor includes the main centers and towns that are situated within the affected districts that may experience impacts to the economy through procurement and sale of goods and services during construction and to passengers at a later stage, including the capital city Dar es Salaam and the district capital of other regions. It is expected that most indirect and induced impacts, in particular those related to employment creation and procurement of goods and services will be experienced in these locations. Additionally, the Project will not require acquisition of land within or outside the RoW for the establishment of borrow pits, dumping sites, quarry sites, construction of marshalling yards, stations and campsites since the Rail project is existing one and has all facilities and infrastructures in place. The communities in the Area of Influence are depicted in figure 4.51 for Dar es Salaam while others see in Appendix 2. Page | 204 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.51: Communities falling under area of influence of the project Page | 205 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 4.5.3.4 Population and Demographics The project area covers seven regions in Tanzania, which are Dar es Salaam, Pwani, Morogoro, Dodoma, Singida, Tabora and Shinyanga. Across these regions the project is crossing eighteen districts administrative covering a total area of 9.96 km2. The total population here is 7,508,219 as per population census 2012 (NBS 2016), Where by 3,671,775 are males (48.89%) and 3,736,444 are females (51.10%). The average house hold size is per person per household (NBS 2013). The annual growth rate of the districts between 2002 and 2012 is 2.7 % (NBS 2013) The 2012 and 2022 projected population of districts falling under the project site is provided in the following Table 4.12 Table 4.12: Population of Eighteen districts Population (2012) Projected population (2022) S/ Region Districts Total Male Fema Total Male Female N le 1 Dar-es- Ilala 1,220, 595,9 624,6 1,288, 629,300 659,665 salaam 611 28 83 965 2 Temeke 1,368, 669,0 699,8 1,445, 706,523 739,015 881 56 25 538 3 Bahi 221,6 105,9 115,6 226,9 108,518 118,446 Dodom 45 75 70 64 4 a Chamwino 330,5 158,8 171,6 338,4 162,695 175,781 43 82 61 76 5 Dodoma Urban 410,9 199,4 211,4 420,8 204,275 216,544 56 87 69 19 6 Mpwapwa 305,0 147,3 57,75 312,3 150,841 59,136 56 06 0 77 7 Kilosa 438,1 218,3 219,7 448,6 223,619 225,072 Morogo 75 78 97 91 8 ro Morogoro 286,2 140,8 145,4 293,1 144,204 148,914 District Council 48 24 24 18 9 Morogoro 315,8 151,7 164,1 323,4 155,341 168,106 Municipal 66 00 66 47 Council 10 Mvomero 312,1 154,8 157,2 319,6 158,559 161,040 09 43 66 00 Page | 206 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 11 Pwani Kibaha 70,20 34,51 35,69 71,89 35,343 36,551 9 5 4 4 12 Kisarawe 101,5 50,63 50,96 104,0 51,846 52,190 98 1 7 36 13 Shinyan Kahama District 523,8 256,4 267,3 534,8 261,849 272,953 ga 02 63 39 02 14 Singida Manyoni 296,7 146,0 150,7 303,5 149,389 154,200 63 30 33 89 15 Nzega 502,2 245,0 257,2 516,8 252,108 264,709 52 03 49 17 16 Tabora Sikonge District 179,8 88,94 90,93 185,1 91,526 93,573 Council 83 7 6 00 17 Tabora Urban 226,9 111,3 115,6 233,5 114,590 118,992 99 61 38 82 18 Uyui 396,6 196,4 200,1 408,1 202,143 205,982 23 46 77 25 Total 7,508 3,671 3,736 7,775 3,802,6 3,870,8 ,219 ,775 ,444 ,941 70 70 (Source: NBS 2016) Out those districts where the project has passing Dar es Salaam (Temeke and Ilala) were found to have high population which might imply that the project could cause the following: Accident risks Traffic jam Facilitating transport, etc. Population characteristics The population of the project area is represented by two main characteristics which are age and sex see figure 4.52. Age composition: According to Tanzania Census of 2012, population is notable to be low at younger age and decreases as the age increase. The relationship is shown by the Figure 4.52. The most dominant age is 15-64, followed by 0-14 while the lowest percentage is above 65+.Age characteristic shows the population is dominated by young individuals. Sex Composition: The population composition consists of 48.89% males and 51.10% female, where this is depicted in the population composition Page | 207 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.52: Population percentage as per Age (NBS 2016) 4.5.3.5 Language In the project area Swahili is the most commonly spoken language. Whereby across the districts there are variable native language spoken. The native languages spoken includes Zaramo, Nyakyusa, Nyamwezi, Wanyaturu, Wanyiramba, Ruo, Sukuma, Wagogo. As Swahili is the most widely used language across the project one implies the following: Easy communications Facilitate social interaction among the individuals Reduce the communication conflicts and enhance relationship among the project members and the community 4.5.3.6 Ethnic groups: Along the project area present different native origins as shown in the Table 4.13 where by population growth introduced other tribal groups Page | 208 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.13: Population Growth S/N Region Districts Ethnic groups 1 Dar-es- Ilala Zaramo, Ndereko, Mbuga 2 salaam Temeke Zaramo, Ndereko, Mbuga 3 Bahi Gogo, rangi, Sandawe, Burungi 4 Dodoma Chamwino Gogo, rangi, Sandawe, Burungi 5 Dodoma Urban Gogo, rangi, Sandawe, Burungi 6 Mpwapwa Gogo, rangi, Sandawe, Burungi 7 Kilosa Luguru, Ndamba, Pogolo, Sagara, Mbuga, Kutu 8 Morogoro Morogoro District Luguru, Ndamba, Pogolo, Sagara, Mbuga, Kutu Council 9 Morogoro Luguru, Ndamba, Pogolo, Sagara, Mbuga, Kutu Municipal Council 10 Mvomero Luguru, Ndamba, Pogolo, Sagara, Mbuga, Kutu 11 Pwani Kibaha Kwere, Zaramo, doe, Ndereko, Zigula, Ngindo, Rufiji, Luguru, Kutu 12 Kisarawe Kwere, Zaramo, doe, Ndereko, Zigula, Ngindo, Rufiji, Luguru, Kutu 13 Shinyanga Kahama District Sukuma, Taturu, Sumbwa, Nyiramba, Wahadzabe 14 Singida Manyoni Turu, Datooga, Nyamwezi, Isaanzu 15 Nzega Nyamwezi 16 Sikonge District Nyamwezi Tabora Council 17 Tabora Urban Nyamwezi 18 Uyui Nyamwezi Source (NBS 2016) 4.5.3.7 Literacy Rate Literacy is the ability to read and write with an understanding a short simple sentence on everyday life. Literacy rate is the percentage of population that can read and write in both Swahili and English or any other language. Most of people in the project area have finished primary education and some secondary education and few higher-level educations as shown in the Table 4.14 Page | 209 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.14: Literacy rate along the project corridor S/N Region Districts Literacy rate 1 Dar-es-salaam Ilala 97.1 2 Temeke 95.4 3 Bahi 51.5 4 Dodoma Chamwino 57.2 5 Dodoma Urban 80.9 6 Mpwapwa 68.5 7 Kilosa 66.6 8 Morogoro Morogoro District Council 57.7 9 Morogoro Municipal Council 85.2 10 Mvomero 68.5 11 Pwani Kibaha 89.5 12 Kisarawe 73.6 13 Shinyanga Kahama District 60.8 14 Singida Manyoni 62.9 15 Nzega 56.1 16 Sikonge District Council 58.6 17 Tabora Tabora Urban 84.7 18 Uyui 83.8 Source (NBS 2016) This data can help to identify Number of people that will be able to perform literacy work and illiteracy work To identify ability of people read and understand sign so that to minimize accident 4.5.3.8 Education Facility Education system in Tanzania provides free education for primary and secondary level whereas it takes 7 years in primary school, 6 years in secondary while university or collage takes three to four and above years. From the project area, there are primary schools, secondary schools together with colleges and universities, in which Ilala (17%), Dodoma urban (13%) and Morogoro urban (12%) districts have got more educational institutions compared to other districts as indicated in the Table 4.15 The conductance of the project may bring about challenges to the schools and colleges nearby the project site such as increase of accidents near the institutions, eruption of noise from the construction and operation phases Page | 210 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) of the project to the institutions and thus effective mitigate measures have to be assigned to overcome the challenges for a clear learning environment to the students. Table 4.15: Number of Education Facilities in the project area S Region District Number Number of Number of % Percentage / of colleges universities by district n Schools 1 Dar-es- Ilala 39 26 2 17 2 salaam Temeke 16 5 3 6 3 Dodoma Bahi 0 0 0 0 4 Chamwin 4 0 0 1 o 5 Dodoma 22 25 3 13 Urban 6 Mpwapwa 12 0 0 3 7 Morogor Kilosa 13 0 0 3 8 o Morogoro 2 0 0 1 9 Morogoro 32 12 2 12 Urban 1 Mvomero 4 0 0 1 0 1 Pwani Kibaha 2 0 0 1 1 1 Kibaha 5 0 0 1 2 Urban 1 Kisarawe 2 0 0 1 3 1 Shinyanga Kahama 8 0 0 2 4 1 Kishapu 20 0 0 5 5 1 Shinyanga 30 1 0 8 6 1 Shinyanga 18 8 0 7 7 Urban 1 Singida Manyoni 27 1 0 7 9 2 Tabora Nzega 11 0 0 3 0 2 Sikonge 1 1 0 1 1 2 Tabora 28 1 0 7 2 Urban Page | 211 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S Region District Number Number of Number of % Percentage / of colleges universities by district n Schools 2 Uyui 1 0 0 3 Total 297 80 10 Source (Open Street map, 2022) The presence of school in the project area implies the following There are quite a number of people who can read and write which makes it easier to understand the signs and to adhere with the rules provided Protection must increase in areas where there is school so that to avoid accidents. 4.5.3.9 Markets Markets are the area where commercial activities like purchasing and selling are conducted. In the project site there are 140 markets of which many of them are found in Ilala and Temeke. The presence of markets makes the acceleration of business and market activity in remote areas where the project passes as shown in the Table 4.16 Existence of the project will accelerate the economy of the markets during and after project construction. Table 4.16: Number of markets within the project area S/N Regions Districts Number of Markets 1 Dar-es-salaam Ilala 79 2 Temeke 35 5 Dodoma Dodoma Urban 5 8 Morogoro Morogoro 2 9 Morogoro Urban 8 10 Mvomero 2 11 Pwani Kibaha 1 16 Shinyanga Shinyanga 1 17 Shinyanga Urban 2 18 Simiyu Maswa 1 19 Singida Manyoni 1 Page | 212 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Regions Districts Number of Markets 20 Tabora Nzega 2 22 Tabora Urban 1 Source (Open Street map, 2022) The presence of markets in the project area will initiate the following: Transportation of goods in and out where the project passes Easy buying of goods and products for the project. 4.5.3.10 Employment The project area conducts both small scale and large- scale employment activities, in which people are either self-employed, unemployed or employed by the informal sectors and various public institutions. The activities include administrators, professionals, technicians, farmers, small businesses, street vendors, shopkeepers, livestock keepers and fishermen. The unemployed persons include those who are not working but are looking for work, full time students, home caring and maintenance persons and the disabled (sick or too old to work). Conductance of the project shall bring about various employment opportunities to the persons residing near the project site and thus reduce unemployment rates hence raise economic status of the people. The rates of employed and employed on the project site are indicated by the table below 4.17; Table 4.17: Employment status of the project area S/ Region Districts Employment N Total Percentage Percentage Population Employed Unemployed 1 Dar-es- Ilala 921,997 51 49 2 salaam Temeke 1,030,708 51 49 3 Bahi 142,871 59 41 4 Dodoma Chamwino 214,420 64 37 5 Dodoma Urban 293,058 55 45 6 Mpwapwa 199,836 65 35 7 Kilosa 302,216 73 27 Page | 213 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/ Region Districts Employment N Total Percentage Percentage Population Employed Unemployed 8 Morogoro Morogoro 199,862 76 25 District Council 9 Morogoro 235,595 51 49 Municipal Council 10 Mvomero 213,763 74 26 11 Pwani Kibaha 51,418 61 39 12 Kisarawe 73,925 69 31 13 Shinyanga Kahama District 210,407 67 33 14 Singida Manyoni 191,751 67 34 15 Nzega 321,973 64 36 16 Sikonge District 113,233 68 32 Council 17 Tabora Tabora Urban 155,728 54 46 18 Uyui 247,975 72 28 (Source: NBS 2016) 4.5.3.11 Road The road network in the proposed project area falls either under Tanzania national roads agency (TANROAD) or Tanzania Rural Road Agencies (TARURA). Roads fall in the project zone are further categorized into primary roads and secondary roads, which are further categorized into paved, unpaved and asphalt roads as shown in Figure 4.53. Road network across the project facilitate easy transportation of materials to the project site, easy transport of labor and equipment and easy transportation of goods and services such as agricultural products, industrial raw materials, construction materials, etc. Page | 214 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.53: Road access in the project area 4.5.3.12 Health Facilities There are number of healthy facilities along the project area which include pharmacies, hospitals, clinics and dispensaries. Dar es salaam specifically ilala and Temeke Districts are leading districts with large number of health facilities than any other districts along the project corridor. The other districts with large number of facilities are as followed Morogoro, Tabora and Singida, Shinyanga and Pwani. Within the project area there is total number of 54 hospitals, 357 clinics and 713 Pharmacies as shown in the Table 4.18 Page | 215 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.18: Number of Both Public and Private Health Facilities S/N Region Districts Pharmacie Hospitals Clinic s s 1 Dar-es- Ilala 387 11 83 2 salaam Temeke 178 7 30 Bahi 0 32 4 Chamwino 1 0 51 5 Dodoma Dodoma Urban 16 10 58 Mpwapwa 2 2 37 Morogoro Kilosa 0 0 1 8 Morogoro 1 0 1 9 Morogoro Urban 61 7 40 10 Mvomero 1 2 1 12 Pwani Kibaha Urban 1 0 0 16 Shinyanga Shinyanga 4 6 5 17 Shinyanga Urban 19 4 2 19 Singida Manyoni 6 2 6 20 Tabora Nzega 4 1 2 22 Tabora Urban 32 2 8 Total 713 54 357 healthy facilities Source (Open Street map, NBS 2016) The processes of the hospitals and pharmacies to the project area smoothen the possibility of the people to get first aid in case of emergencies when any incident occurred during any phase of the project. 4.5.3.13 Solid waste management Solid waste management involves all activities of monitoring the waste generated in the particular area. Involve solid waste sorting, solid waste collection, solid waste transfer by authorized entity or municipals, and dumping the waste to the authorized dumping site. Along Page | 216 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) the project corridor solid waste management is done as shown in the Table 5.19. Where by collection is done more regularly in Dar es Salaam and Shinyanga regions by the authorized companies including the hazardous solid wste management where its will be stored temporarly at site and taken by the licenced contractors as per ESS3 of the WB-ESF. Where by statistics on the Table 5.18 shows due to irregularities in solid waste collection and having few dumping sites in most of the regions results to alternative method for disposing of waste such as road side dumping, open burning as indicated in the Table 4.19 Table 4.19: Shows the percentage of solid waste management methods on the project area District Total Regularl Irregular Burn Roadsid Buryin Other y ly t e g/ Pit Dumpin Collecte Collecte Dumpin g d d g Tabora 379,770 2.6 0.9 17.9 1.7 24.4 52.5 Region Nzega 85,773 0.8 0.6 27.8 1.2 47.4 22.2 Uyui 59,791 0.8 0.4 22 0.8 67.5 8.5 Tabora 47,241 0.7 0.2 25.7 1.4 30.8 41.1 Municipal Shinyang 32,952 17.6 3 43.7 1.4 18.8 15.5 a Municipa l Shinyanga 52,197 0.2 0.2 32.4 2.3 18.5 46.4 Kahama 82,283 1 0.8 11.4 1.8 22.2 62.9 Kahama 48,251 2.6 1.2 25.2 1.7 29.7 39.5 Town Singida 255,613 1.5 0.9 21.7 0.8 32.7 42.3 Region Manyoni 58,464 0.1 0.4 18.9 1.1 38.3 41.2 Dar es 1,083,38 25.9 17 16.9 1.7 16.9 21.6 Salaam 1 Region Dar es 297,750 27 12.9 20.5 1.1 22.1 16.4 Salaam City Temeke 344,391 23.9 10.5 14.8 1.7 19.6 29.5 Municipal Pwani 254,810 1.4 1.4 35.6 1 45.4 15.3 Region Kibaha 16,892 1.4 1.2 26.7 1.1 50.8 18.9 Page | 217 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) District Total Regularl Irregular Burn Roadsid Buryin Other y ly t e g/ Pit Dumpin Collecte Collecte Dumpin g d d g Kisarawe 25,475 1.8 1.1 41.9 0.6 40.1 14.5 Morogor 501,794 5.6 2 24.9 1 43.9 22.6 o Region Kilosa 102,443 0.8 0.6 27.8 1.2 47.4 22.2 Morogoro 67,671 0.1 0 28.5 1 31.8 38.7 Kilosa 102,443 0.8 0.6 27.8 1.2 47.4 22.2 Morogoro 67,671 0.1 0 28.5 1 31.8 38.7 Dodoma 450,305 2.4 0.9 20.4 1 38.3 36.9 Region Dodoma 92,978 9.4 3.2 22.4 0.7 35.3 29 Municipal Bahi 49,287 0.1 0.1 9.9 1.7 40.4 47.8 Mpwapwa 66,275 1.7 0.7 21.5 1.1 41.4 33.6 Chamwin 73,807 0 0.1 20.7 0.6 32 46.6 o Source (NBS 2016) 4.5.3.14 Water sources Water sources available in the project area includes Surface water sources and ground water sources. The water from the sources is supplied by authorized suppliers in urban area and rural area as indicated in the Table 4.20 and 4.21 along the project corridor. Dar es salaam and Morogoro have large percentage of improved water supply sources which are 78.9% and 62.4% followed by Dodoma (54.3%), Pwani (50.6%), Shinyanga (42.9%), Singida (38.2%) and Tabora (0.1)%. Areas such as ilala, Temeke, Kibaha, Dodoma municipal, Morogoro, Morogoro municipal, Singida, Mpwapwa and Chamwino will accelerate more the project phase more than other districts due to high availability of improved water supply than the rest of the districts. The improvement of other area water supply will enhance the project activities, and reduce cost of drawing water far from the project site example areas such as Tabora are notably having the scarcity of improved water supply (NBS 2016). Due to such conditions, plan for alternative sources to cover the project are necessary. Page | 218 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.20: Main improved water sources along the project site corridors Region Total Piped Piped Public Tube Protected Protected Total Water Water tap/ well/ dug well Spring (%) Improved into to standpipe borehole (%) (%) dwelling yard/plot (%) (%) (%) (%) Dar es 1,083,381 19.9 12.8 18.7 19.3 7.9 0.3 78.9 Salaam Dar es 297,750 13.6 9.1 15.2 27 15.1 0.4 80.4 Salaam City Temeke 344391 15.7 10.7 19.5 34.1 8.4 0.2 88.6 Municipal Pwani 254,810 11.1 9.9 15 4.7 9.5 0.4 50.6 Kibaha 16,892 26.8 20.1 9 0.2 4.9 0.8 61.8 Kisarawe 25,475 4.6 3 8.6 4.8 13.7 0.7 35.4 Dodoma 450,305 10.7 6.5 26.7 5.8 4 0.6 54.3 Mpwapwa 66,275 9.1 3.9 29.3 5.6 4.1 2.6 54.6 Chamwino 73,807 6.3 2.7 34.1 6.1 6 0.1 55.3 Dodoma 92,978 25.4 21.2 24.4 2.4 2.1 0.1 75.6 Municipal Bahi 49,287 1.8 0.6 12.7 5.1 6.4 0.3 26.9 Singida 255,613 4.8 1.8 14.1 9.8 7.2 0.5 38.2 Singida 41,257 3.2 0.6 12.4 8.7 6.4 0.5 31.8 Manyoni 58,464 2.9 2.7 13.3 5.8 8.6 0.7 34 Singida 30,383 13.6 6.4 29.3 10.4 12.3 0.2 72.2 Municipal Tabora 379,770 3.6 3.1 4.6 4.2 11.4 0.3 0.1 Nzega 85,773 2.3 2 5.1 6.3 11.9 0.3 0.1 Uyui 59,791 0.2 0.1 1.4 3.4 9.3 0.3 0.1 Tabora 47,241 21.7 19.2 16.4 2.5 15.8 0.2 0.1 Municipal Shinyanga 258,981 8.3 8.5 8.7 5.4 11.7 0.3 42.9 Shinyanga 52,197 3.5 0.6 15.2 7.1 8.3 0.3 35 Kahama 82,283 1.4 0.9 6.4 9.1 20.7 0.3 38.8 Kahama 48,251 17.5 19.3 7.9 2.6 14.1 0.3 61.7 Town Morogoro 501,794 12.9 9.1 19.7 13.2 7.1 0.4 62.4 Kilosa 102,443 8 5.8 18.6 17.5 9.3 0.4 59.6 Morogoro 67,671 5.8 2.1 15.9 8 7.5 0.4 39.7 Morogoro 76,039 40.9 34.1 12.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 88.4 Municipal Mvomero 72,013 8.1 4.9 21.2 10.3 7.7 0.4 52.6 Source (NBS 2016) Page | 219 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.21: water supply Region Water supply Water source Dar es DAWASA Lower and upper Ruvu, Ground water, Mtoni plant Salaa and Kizinga river m Dar es DAWASA Lower and upper Ruvu, Ground water, Mtoni plant Salaam and Kizinga river City Temeke DAWASA Lower and upper Ruvu, Ground water, Mtoni plant Municip and Kizinga river al Pwani DAWASA Lower and upper Ruvu, Ground water, Mtoni plant and Kizinga river Kibaha DAWASA Lower and upper Ruvu, Ground water, Mtoni plant and Kizinga river Kisaraw DAWASA Lower and upper Ruvu, Ground water, Mtoni plant e and Kizinga river Dodo DUWASA & Ground water from Makutupora basin ma RUWASA Mpwap DUWASA Ground water from Makutupora basin wa Chamw DUWASA Ground water from Makutupora basin ino Dodom DUWASA Ground water from Makutupora basin a Municip al Bahi DUWASA Ground water from Makutupora basin Singid SUWASA Ground water a Singida SUWASA Ground water Manyon SUWASA Ground water i Singida SUWASA Ground water Municip al Tabor TUWASA&RU Igombe dam, Ground water a WASA Page | 220 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Region Water supply Water source Nzega TUWASA&RU Igombe dam, Ground water WASA Uyui TUWASA&RU Igombe dam WASA Tabora TUWASA&RU Igombe dam Municip WASA al Shinya SHUWASHA ground water nga Shinyan SHUWASHA ground water ga Kahama KASHWASA ground water Kahama KASHWASA ground water Town Morog MORUWASA Mindu dam and Ngerengere river oro Kilosa MORUWASA Mindu dam and Ngerengere river Morogo MORUWASA Mindu dam and Ngerengere river ro Morogo MORUWASA Mindu dam and Ngerengere river ro Municip al Mvome MORUWASA Mindu dam and Ngerengere river ro Source (NBS 2016) 4.5.3.15 Sanitation Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water and treatment and disposal of human excreta and sewage. In project a most urban area where there are lot of people tend to have high number of improved water source that it is accessible for drinking and that means diseases that are related to water outbreak can be prevented hence protect also people who will be working in the project area. Improved water source includes piped water into dwelling, piped water to yard/plot, public tap/standpipe, protected borehole and Page | 221 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) unimproved water source unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, surface water. Main Source of Drinking Water in each district as shown in the table 4.22. Table 4.22: Main Source of Drinking Water in the region project passes S/N Region Districts Total Total Improved (%) Non- Improved (%) 1 Dar-es-salaam Ilala 80.4 19.7 2 Temeke 88.6 11.4 3 Bahi 26.9 73.1 4 Dodoma Chamwino 55.3 44.2 5 Dodoma Urban 75.6 24 6 Mpwapwa 54.6 44.8 7 Kilosa 59.6 40.5 8 Morogoro Morogoro District 39.7 60.4 Council 9 Morogoro Municipal 88.4 11.6 Council 10 Mvomero 52.6 47.5 11 Pwani Kibaha 61.8 38.2 12 Kisarawe 35.4 64.5 13 Shinyanga Kahama District 38.8 61.2 14 Singida Manyoni 34 66.1 15 Nzega 28 71.9 16 Sikonge District Council 21.8 78.3 17 Tabora Tabora Urban 75.9 24 18 Uyui 14.8 85.2 (Source: Municipal profile 2017) As we cannot speak of sanitation without speaking of toilet facility as it involves disposal of human excreta and sewage. Most of Tanzania regions used to use traditional toilet but after the censor 2012 Tanzania came with the slogan “NYUMBA NI CHOO” which emphasize Page | 222 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Tanzanians to use more improved toilets like Ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with washable slab and to wash their hands every time they come out of toilet. This makes most of houses to have toilet with improved system as to adhere with the present slogan. This means that diseases that are the outbreak of poor sanitation practice like cholera and diarrhea which protects people that will be involved in both phases of the project means construction operation and decommissioning from getting infected with those diseases. (see table 4.23). Table 4.23: Type of Toilet Facility in the region project passes S/N Region Districts Total Total Non- Improved Improved 1 Dar-es-salaam Ilala 89.8 10.2 2 Temeke 88.9 11 3 Bahi 7.7 92.3 4 Dodoma Chamwino 9.4 90.9 5 Dodoma Urban 53.9 46 6 Mpwapwa 15 85 7 Kilosa 59.6 40.5 8 Morogoro Morogoro District 39.7 60.4 Council 9 Morogoro Municipal 88.4 11.6 Council 10 Mvomero 52.6 47.5 11 Pwani Kibaha 42.6 57.4 12 Kisarawe 25.2 74.9 13 Shinyanga Kahama District 14.8 85.1 14 Singida Manyoni 13.2 86.7 15 Nzega 14.1 86.1 16 Sikonge District 12.7 87.4 Council 17 Tabora Tabora Urban 49.3 50.6 18 Uyui 7 92.9 Page | 223 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) (Source: Municipal profile 2017) 4.5.3.16 Power supply The project site is power supplied with Tanzania Electric Supply Limited (TANESCO), a Governmental organization responsible for electricity generation, transmission, distribution, and sale of electricity to the Tanzanian mainland and to the island of Zanzibar. Power outage is a major problem in the project area, and thus people with good economic conditions have back up power supply such as generators and solar panels in case of power cuts. According to the 2012 census, it is noted that some parts of the project sites are well powered and have got a high percentage of people using electricity as their source of energy such as Kilosa district in Morogoro, Ilala and Temeke district in Dar es salaam region while some areas have inadequate transmission lines which leads to less percentage of people using electricity as their main source of energy in areas like Bahi and Chamwino district in Dodoma region, Sikonge district in Tabora region, Manyoni in Singida region. The percentages are tabulated 4.24 Table 4.24: Distribution of power supply in project area Population (2012) S Regio Districts Total percentage percentage with / n populati using no electricity N on electricity 1 Dar- Ilala 1,220,611 62.5 37.5 es- salaa m 2 Temeke 1,368,881 59.9 40.1 3 Bahi 221,645 5.4 94.6 4 Dodo Chamwino 330,543 4.7 95.3 ma 5 Dodoma 410,956 33.8 66.2 Urban 6 Mpwapwa 305,056 9.1 90.9 7 Kilosa 438,175 82.1 17.9 Page | 224 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Population (2012) S Regio Districts Total percentage percentage with / n populati using no electricity N on electricity 8 Moro Morogoro 286,248 64.3 35.7 goro District Council 9 Morogoro 315,866 60.5 39.5 Municipal Council 1 Mvomero 312,109 43.8 56.2 0 1 Pwani Kibaha 70,209 26.2 73.8 1 1 Kisarawe 101,598 12.8 87.2 2 1 Shinya Kahama 523,802 22.6 77.4 3 nga District 1 Singid Manyoni 296,763 9.3 90.7 4 a 1 Nzega 502,252 9.3 90.7 5 1 Sikonge 179,883 8.8 91.2 6 District Council 1 Tabor Tabora Urban 226,999 45.8 54.2 7 a 1 Uyui 396,623 7.6 92.4 8 Source (NBS 2016) 4.5.3.17 Telecommunication The major means of telecommunication throughout the project area seems to follow under the same pattern. Which generally is through mobile phone through which the network is provided by the 6 companies Airtel, Tigo, Halotel, Vodacom, Zantel and TTCL. Tough there are some places which not all the 6 company reaches due to its remoteness but through the Page | 225 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) project, it will emphasize this companies to establish and provide network in those area due its increase in trade activities in those areas were the project passes. 4.5.3.18 Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Resources There are no archaeological, heritage resources or key historical sites of national or international importance in the project areas. However, there is one old town, Kilosa which is having historical buildings. Kilosa is one among the oldest towns in Tanzania established by the Germans and Arabs during the colonial era. There are few historical buildings in Mkadage Village which is an old site like Kilwa. Site investigation and in-depth interviews with officials from the department of antiquities and local experts along the project corridor have not indicated signs of presence of potential on surface archaeological and historical heritage resources within the RoW. However, during the survey, some graves were observed to be within the way leave mainly at Pugu, Kilosa, Godegode, Gulwe, and Chamwino. If unavoidable, the affected graves will be relocated with careful consideration, thorough involvement of all key stakeholders and compliance to the WB- ESF-ESS8 and national statutory requirements especially the Graves Removal Act. No 9 of 1969 before commencement of the project. 4.5.3.19 Status of HIV/AIDs Based on the information obtained from NBS, 2021, Prevalence of HIV infection among adults aged 15 years and older in Tanzania was 4.9% (6.3% among females, and 3.4% among males). This corresponds to approximately 1.4 million PLHIV aged 15 years and older in the country. Prevalence among adults aged 15-49 years was 4.7% for the entire country, 4.8% in Tanzania mainland and 0.4% in Zanzibar. HIV prevalence among females aged 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, and 35-39 years was higher than in males in corresponding age groups. § The burden of HIV infection varies across the country; HIV prevalence ranged from less than 1.0% in Zanzibar and Lindi to 11.4% in Njombe. Overall, HIV prevalence reduced with increasing education level for both males and females. Per regional wise the HIV prevalence are as shown in the table 4.25 Page | 226 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 4.25: HIV prevalence by demographic characteristics: Ages 15-49 years 4.6 Social issues learnt from TIRP1. Below chapter presents social aspects that project uncounted during TIRP1. TIRPII will be implemented in same areas, thus all learning and experience from TIRP1 will be appropriately adopted and integrated throughout the TIRPII phase. During assessment and implementation of TIRP 1, there were several identified risks along the Project area of which the Project came up with various approaches to manage those risks. The Project will adopt measures that worked out and improve more if necessary for best Project delivery. The following are issues that prevailed during the TIRPI. Page | 227 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) • Issues related to Labor Management • Influx of additional population for labor seeking for employment opportunities • Conflict on sourcing of local workforce • Provision of social services to workers at site such as drinking water, food, first aid services, site mobile toilets and transportation. • Legal compliance with labor regulations for workers by the Contractor The Labor Management Plan was developed to ensure proper process of employing people along the Project corridor is in place and functioning. The Contractor was obliged to obtain casual labors from the nearby working section through using the local leaders. The process was transparent, i.e., contractor was obliged to prepare a job advert and place it in all village noticeboards. Additionally, there were an awareness creation to workers on their rights and obligation as per labor law including working hours, wages, leave and termination/redundancy procedures. Contractors complied with Tanzania labor laws which includes provision of code of conducts, working hours and paying of acceptable wages to the workers as well as other laborers hired from the communities residing along the project. i. Gender Based Violence and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (GBV)/SEA) Due to the population influx and intermingling of people in the Project areas, GBV/SEA cases were experienced between workers-workers, worker-suppliers, and worker-community member. These cases raised the alarm to the Project whereby TRC and contractor put some measures to manage GBV and Sexual exploitation and abuse during TIRPI implementation. TRC put various measures to combat GV including development of GBV policy, establishment of specific Gender Desk at TRC through railway network and conducting awareness campaign to TRC staff, Contractors, consultants, and community members. TRC forged collaboration with other key stakeholders who practically work, offer services, and support actions in addressing GBV/PSEA in Tanzania including Railway Police, District Social Welfare Officers, Children’s Dignity Forum – CDF, C-sema, WILDAF, WOPATA, TAWLA and PAICODEO. This working arrangement helped to reduce and mitigate possibility of GBV and SEA issues. Similar working arrangement will be adopted during the TIRPII. Page | 228 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) ii. Community grievances handling As part of the Project implementation in TIRPI, several grievances were received involving those related to workers as well as throse from surrounding communities include labor issues, dust and noise pollution, delayed payments, etc. TRC received 217 grievances from 2018 to 2020 from Lot 1(51) grievances, Lot 2 (59) Package B Lot 1(60) Lot 2(47) where by 196 related to workers and 21 were related to communities for both Package A&B.TRC in collaboration with contractors addressed all griviences. Key successful factor included ensuring comprehensive awareness of the GRM process to all key stakeholders including impacted communities. iii. Occupational and Community Health & Safety During the TIRPI, the project experienced some safety incidents, mainly related to communities crossing railways. The incidents were reduced by development and effective implementation of Traffic Management Plan, Health and Safety Plan, Emergency preparedness and response plan. Some extent, these helped to reduce safety incidents up to 70% 4.7 Existing Social Economic Issues The rehabilitation of the Railway line from Dar es Salaam to Isaka is expected to have some positive and negative social implications. The team identified several social issues which will need to be considered to comply with WB Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines and Social safeguards. The details of the social-economic issues that were identified in the field reconnaissance and literature review are discussed below; Section A: Dar es Salaam - Ngerengere i. Encroachment The Right of Way or railway reserve along the railway line varies depending on the status of the area it crosses. According to the Railways Act No. 4 of 2002 as amended in 2017, in cities and towns the right of way is 15m from the center line of the railway line on both sides (left and right sides), while in other areas outside cities and towns it is 30m. This means that the railway Right of Way in urban and rural areas is 30m and 60m respectively, anything undertakings within these measures are regarded as encroachment. Page | 229 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Involuntary resettlement will be expected due to the presence of encroachers along the Right of Way of the railway. As stated above the presence encroachers trigger the World Bank ESS5 which recognizes that project-related land acquisition and restrictions on land use can have adverse impacts on communities and persons. The Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement treats encroachers and non-encroachers in the same way. The field observations from Dar es Salaam to Ngerengere has shown presence of encroachers along the Right of Way of the railway line. A stretch from Dar es Salaam railway station to Gongo la Mboto (km15/0) is the most encroached areas in Dar es Salaam. Permanent structures were observed from chainage km3/3 on the right-hand side of the railway station at Ilala to Buguruni junction (km3.5). Also, from Buruguni junction (km3.5), there are several permanent structures (residential Houses, Viosk, Timber vendors, etc.) towards Vingunguti area (km6/0). The distance of the observed structures from the center of railway line ranged from 7m to 12m which falls within the railway Right of Way. At Gombo la Mboto area, there are several non-permanent structures and vendors working within the Right of Way on both sides of the railway line. The number of structures and vendors doing business in the railway right of way (see figure 4.54). Page | 230 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.54: Street vendors at Gombo la Mboto area ii. Presence of Graves Some graves were found at chainage 17/4 in Pugu area see figure 4.55, which were within the 15m Right of Way of the railway corridor on the right-hand side from Dar es salaam station. ESS8 recognizes that cultural heritage provides continuity in tangible and intangible forms between the past, present, and future. People are identified with cultural heritage as a reflection and expression of their constantly evolving values, beliefs, knowledge, and traditions. The presence of graves means that the ESS8 (Cultural Heritage) will be triggered. Where also, according to Tanzania Graveyard Removal Act No. 9 of 1969, acknowledges shifting of these graves with proper procedures mentioned as a sensitive activity to undertake. However, under second TIRP, this section of the railway will not be attended since it was on the completed sections under first TRIP whereby the grave area was isolated and not touched by the Contrator, left with no negative effect. Page | 231 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.55: Graveyard at 17/4 Section B: Ngerengere – Kilosa i. Floods A flood prone area between Ngerengere and Kilosa was observed at chainage km251/8 to km260/5. The railway line in this section traverses a lowland area which is prone to floods and erosion. Work in this area will exacerbate erosion especially during construction period. Therefore, the design for the new Railway Line is recommended to this area see figure 4.56. Page | 232 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 4.56: Mkondoa River ii. Encroachment The issue of encroachment was also observed between Ngerengere and Kilosa package. Two houses and one toilet in Morogoro region have been constructed within 15m on the right- hand side from Dar es Salaam near Morogoro railway station. Furthermore, as you move from Morogoro station, there are several non-permanent structures on the left-hand side of railway line which are used for small businesses. One house at chainage 208/4 (S.06.75726 and E03764313) has a wooden fence, which falls within the wayleave of 15m. The same ESS5 recognizes that project-related land acquisition and restrictions on land use can have adverse impacts on communities and persons therefore TRC has to make sure both parties have reached an agreement on the paving a way for the project corridor. Page | 233 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) iii. Agricultural activities Permanent crops within the Right of Way were observed between Ngerengere and Kilosa, especially as you approach Morogoro railway station. The common crops grown include banana, Mango trees, palm oil, planted trees (Ticks). ESS5 recognized that for those with agricultural livelihoods, the resettlement plan provides for an option to receive replacement land of equivalent productive value or demonstrates that sufficient land of equivalent value is unavailable. Where replacement land is available. Thus, TRC has to make sure that this has to be attained before any replacement for any agricultural land is effectuated. iv. Public infrastructure The field reconnaissance noted the presence of a public well within the Right of Way at Mikese railway station. Since the well is located just adjacent to the railway line, it is likely that the rehabilitation activities will affect this infrastructure and the quality of water from leaks and accidental spills of fuel and lubricants from construction machinery and vehicles at construction site. Also, since the well is close to the railway line, it is likely that access to the well will be limited. Section C: Kilosa – Itigi i. Flooding Area The Central Line segment between Kilosa (Km 282) and Gulwe (Km 366) runs in relatively narrow river valley besides the Mkondoa River (Kilosa –Kidete) and the Kinyasungwe River (Kidete–Gulwe). Flash floods of the Mkondoa River carry a huge volume of soils and sand sediments, which originate from erosion prone, Kinyasungwe River floodplain, upstream of Gulwe. The stretch from Gulwe, Msagali to Igandu (at chainage 398/0 to 415/9) the railway line traverses a flood prone area. This river disappears for much of the dry season but is subject to flash flooding and changes in alignment during the rainy season. These have led to seven separate relocations of the rail alignment in the past century, especially between Km 315 and El Niño rains in 1997/98 caused severe damages to the rail bed and structures, resulting in service suspension for eight months. Heavy rains in 2011/12 also resulted in serious damages at 32 locations for a total length of 4.64 km, disrupting operations for six months. Although this work will be confined within the Right of Way or adjacent areas, it is Page | 234 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) crucial to ensure that the railway is protected from upstream sedimentation and frequent flooding challenges as of now. The ongoing study on flood analysis and possibilities of strengthening of sedimentation ponds by the Government’s multi-sectoral technical committee will recommend the short term and long-term practical measures to ensure the railway track is protected from frequent flooding events. Furthermore, a Climate and Risk Assessment Study from Dar es Salaam to Isaka (supported by Quality Infrastructure Investment Partnership Bank) is currently undertaken in order to identify the vulnerable areas with the objective of protecting them as well as coming with an effective practical emergency response preparedness system on place. Upon completion of these studies, the recommended measures will be incorporated in the updated ESMP for implementation accordingly. ii. Soil Erosion Soil erosion was noted to occur around Kigwe and Kikombo in Dodoma Region. Soil erosion is critical at chainage (chainage 426/8, at coordinate S.06.22161 and E035.98035 and chainage 480/5 at Kigwe – further investigation is needed to assess the area and come up with recommendations on the appropriate ways to control erosion in the area. iii. Boulder Falls and Landslides There are potential risks and hazards of boulders falling during construction and operation caused by train movement and vibrations. This was observed in Zuzu - Kigwe section in Dodoma region (chainage 474/2 – 474/9) where the railway line traverses deep rock cut area. Evidence of small boulders and sand were seen in the area. iv. Encroachment No issue of encroachment was observed from Gulwe – Dodoma to Itigi since most of the houses are located far from the RoW, although the team noted most of the rice, maize and vegetable farms are within the RoW between Kilosa and Kikombo. Page | 235 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Section D: Itigi - Isaka i. Soil Erosion Soil erosion was observed in Malongwe village at chainage 730/5 in Tabora region. The soil erosion in this area is threatening the sustainability of the Malongwe Bridge. ii. Encroachment No issue of encroachment was observed from Itigi – Isaka since most of the area is bare land utilized as rice, maize and vegetable farms within the RoW. iii. Agricultural Activities Encroachment in the form of agricultural activities was also observed. According to Civil Engineering Manual (TRC, 1998), cultivation within the railway reserve by outside parties (non- railway employees) is not permitted. In special circumstances, Headquarters may grant a license to an applicant to cultivate within the Railway Reserve. Agricultural activities within the Right of Way are taking place from Isaka to Tabora. Most of the crops grown between Isaka and Tabora railway station are seasonal such as rice, maize and beans, therefore, does not a significant implication in the resettlement process because farmers can be allowed to harvest their crops before commencement of construction activities. 4.8 Gender Based Violence 4.8.1 Methodology Stakeholder’s consultation meetings through oral interviews (key informants’ interviews) and focus group discussions during public meetings conducted in wards and villages located along project corridor. Structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used for interviewing key informants and to guide systematic focus group discussions in wards and villages. A purposive sampling technique was used by consultants to obtain participants of the survey who represented targeted subpopulation groups in the communities including village/ward leaders, women and children, cattle herders, students and teachers, traders, religious leaders, drivers of bodaboda/bajaji and commuter buses, people with disabilities and representatives of NGOs and CSOs engaging in GBV community outreach programmes along the proposed railway track route. The FDG were conducted taking into account ethical consideration, Page | 236 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) where by it was not asking direct questions on GBV, it was counted with the information on service providers who are working on the ward and village level, and it was conducted by a trained facilitator in a safe space 4.8.2 Responses of GBV in Project Communities During focus group discussions organized in the villages along project; the participants highlighted the two main causes of GBV in their communities/families. The first one is excessive consumption of alcohol among married couples and those in spousal relationships; the most preferred local alcohol is bamboo juice normally available in abundance during rainy season at cheaper price which is affordable to many. Secondly, male domineering culture which is prevailing in the communities; whereby women are being overwhelmed by various tasks like fetching water, collecting firewood, cooking, washing clothes, cleaning houses, cultivating crops and selling food/vegetables. Moreover, village chairmen and VEOs have revealed about frequency of GBV reported cases range from two to four times a month. 4.8.3 Existing GBV Situation on Project Communities (b) Awareness on Gender Based Violence The participants indicated to know the meaning of gender-based violence in their respective villages. According to them gender-based violence is a practice of assaulting, humiliating and confronting male or female human in a family, community and nation at large. So, GBV implies the following: Domestic violence i.e., beating of wives and husbands, biting of husbands, beating of male and female children, raping of women and school female children and sodomizing of male school children. Emotional violence i.e., using abusive language, insults, defamation and segregation between spouses and to the children Child labour abuse; recruiting or forcing children under 18 years of age to work in farms and other casual jobs Forced marriage of girls to spouses who are chosen by their parents (c) Existing Forms of Gender Based Violence in Project’s Communities/Families Page | 237 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) According to participants of FGDs held during community consultation meetings forms of GBV are as follows: Exclusion of widows from family inheritance after their loved ones passed away while they have greatly contributed in acquisition of those assets i.e., houses, farms and other family properties. Traditions that bound women from ownership of valuable assets like land, farms Wives are being condemned by husbands/ their close relatives for inability of conceiving and bearing children (infertility) Parents/guardians ignoring children when they wish to express their person issues Psychological torture to male and female children by parents/guardians depriving them to basic needs like school, medical care, clothing, food and accommodation (d) Reporting of Gender Based Violence Issues in Communities/Families There are various levels where families/communities report GBV issues: At family level; GBV issues are being reported to Ten Cell Leader At hamlet/sub-village/street level; GBV issues are being reported to hamlet/subvillage/ street chairman/person At Village level; GBV issues are being reported to Village Executive Officer At Ward level; GBV issues are being reported to Ward Executive Officer, or Social Welfare Officer, and or Police Post for law enforcement From Ward to divisional level; GBV issues are being reported to Gender Desk at Police Station At District level; GBV issues are being reported to Social Welfare Officer at District Council level/ and District Court for legal action (e) Assistance Which Communities/Families Get from Authorities to Resolve Gender Based Violence Issues The authorities which are responsible for resolving GBV issues practice the following: - From Ten Cell Leader to Village Executive Officer; GBV issues are being handled by Social Welfare Office through peaceful resolution/ or conciliation between the two persons involved Page | 238 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) From Ward Executive Officer to Police Post/Station; GBV issues are being handled by Ward Council through filing a case to court of law for legal proceedings District Court; ruling of GBV issues is given against the persons involved (f) The Outcomes of Gender Based Violence Faced by Project’s Communities/Families GBV outcomes can be positive and negative depending on the resolutions reached at different levels as indicated above: - Family separations/divorces Injuries The shrinkage of family income as the foundation is shaken with conflicts Children happiness and welfare is threatened and degraded School dropout for male and female children Reconciliation among two persons involved Fines are being imposed to the accused persons Jail sentence for accused persons Based on the findings from the assessment done along the project corridor, several conclusions regarding with the existing GBV issues in the project corridor i.e. from Dar es Salaam to Isaka can be made. - Traditional gender roles persist The sex-based division of labor which is inherited and passed over generations was found to influence what a woman or man, girl or boy should be like. As a result, the rest of one's life becomes pre-defined and pre-determined to the extent that change is very difficult to impose. These normative divisions of labor and determined gender roles form the foundation of a person’s attitudes and behavior that affect all other life aspects and dimensions. - Social norms are strongly embedded Customs, norms and culture, rather than religion, influence gender roles. The assessment found very few aspects that could be linked to faith and religious beliefs. In fact, Islam contradicts the traditional gender roles and shared household responsibilities for instance. Page | 239 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) - Men dominate decision-making The cited customs, norms and traditions favor men against women in decision-making processes. As a result, men and boys in the studied communities are more powerful than women and girls. In some cases, younger boys were entrusted to make decision regarding older women. This pattern of decision making disempowers women and girls both at the household and the community level. - Discriminatory practices exist in all studied sites Different forms of discriminative practices were found to exist in all studied communities with slight differences in their intensity and severity. Several government efforts responding to such practices were cited and appreciated for their contribution to reduce discriminatory acts and practices against women and girls. Moreover, additional efforts from Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) appear to complement the government’s efforts. Unfortunately, both the efforts from the government and NGOs have not successfully reached rural communities. - Few discriminatory practices have been eradicated So far, only a few undesirable and discriminatory practices have been successfully reduced to an acceptable level. FGM is one critical example. Corruption and heavy bureaucratic systems characterized by long procedures were cited as barriers for women and girls to access and claim their rights without long delays. Page | 240 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER FIVE 5. INTER-AGENCY AND PUBLIC/NGO CONSULTATION 5.1 Overview Stakeholder engagement refers to a broad, inclusive, and continuous process to engage persons or groups who are directly or indirectly affected by a project, as well as those who may have interests in a project and/or the ability to influence its outcome, either positively or negatively. Stakeholder engagement enhances the effectiveness, efficacy, and accountability of the ESIA process. When undertaken in a transparent, balanced manner, it can reduce conflicts and strengthen the sense of ownership of a project and the project’s sustainability. Stakeholder engagement often collaboratively identifies issues and options, and helps make decisions based on input received via the stakeholder engagement process. 5.2 Objectives of Public Consultations and Engagement Objectives of public consultations and engagement for the proposed Second Tanzania Intermodal and Rail Development Project (TIRP 2) From Dar es Salaam to Isaka are: Provide clear and accurate information about the project to the communities Disseminate information to affected stakeholders to raise their awareness of the proposed project. Increase stakeholder understanding about the proposed project, including its context, aims, opportunities and constraints. Accumulate feedback from affected stakeholders to inform project development and ensure that outcomes appropriately meet the relevant needs of those concerned. Consultation will seek to: Document stakeholders’ concerns and preferences; identify any issues and constraints existing in the project’s areas which may affect the design; Assess and document the commonality and relevance of issues and concerns identified through the consultation to feed the ESIA process. Page | 241 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Provide updates about consultation outcomes to the stakeholders involved, to keep them informed. Influence the perception and attitude among stakeholders consulted to enable and obtain acceptable levels of feedback from stakeholders. Inform communities along the way leave about the projects’ schedule Gathering from population and their representatives about main environmental and social concerns and perceptions regarding the rehabilitation of the railway, Gather opinions and suggestions directly from the communities on their preferred mitigation measures and Gather opinions and concerns of the various minority groups of women, children, disabled and youth on the proposed railway rehabilitation. 5.3 Stakeholders Analysis After identifying and grouping stakeholders, stakeholder analysis was used to characterize stakeholder groups’ interests, how they will be affected by the proposed project and to what degree, and how those groups may influence the project. The stakeholder analysis process revealed important differences among groups, including their concerns and priorities. Communities and other stakeholders that will be affected by proposed project have to be engaged as early as possible during project phases. By engaging with stakeholders early, it may be possible to avoid, mitigate, or decrease the project’s impact. It is generally not practical or feasible to engage with every single stakeholder group at every level. 5.3.1 Project Stakeholders The main stakeholders of this particular project can be classified into the following categories: Ministry of Works, Transport, and Communication: Road Sector Environment Section under the department of Works is responsible for overseeing management of environment within the railway sector and the preparation/implementation of ESIA required in the rail way sector. The project proponent - Tanzania Railway Corporation (TRC). Dar es Salaam, Pwani, Morogoro, Dodoma, Singida, Tabora and Shinyanga Regions as well as their respective municipalities or councils where the project passing: the following department executives are relevant to this project; Planning and Liaison Officers, Forest Officer, Game Page | 242 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Officers, Bee Officers, Water Engineers, and Environment Management Officers(responsible for promoting environmental awareness in the Regional/ district related to the protection of the environment and the conservation of natural resources). Government institutions: Tanzania Telecommunication Company Ltd, Tanzania Electric Company Ltd, National Environment Management Council (NEMC), Tanzania Forest Services, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water, Ministry of Work through OSHA, etc. During the ESIA study most of the above stakeholders were consulted as shown by stakeholder consultation attendance lists in Appendix 3 which bear a signature of each of the stakeholders who was consulted for the project. 5.3.2 How Stakeholders Were Involved 5.3.2.1 Consultation with statutory bodies Consultation with statutory bodies and institutions were made through direct personal interviews see figure 5.1 to 5.12. The agenda for these consultations included: Presenting the Project, i.e., provide a briefing on the TRC Second Intermodal and Rail Development Project Defining the Regional/District institutional framework Discussing recent experience with respect to compensation eligibility criteria and entitlement packages Obtaining from the authorities their environmental and socio-economic concerns and perceptions regarding the proposed railway track Domestic water supply profile in the project area, locations and distribution of domestic water utilities along and across the railway track Environmental profile in the project area, possible environmental impacts of the project and mitigation measures Identify environmental and socio-economic concerns and perceptions regarding the proposed TRC rehabilitation and discussion on the role of the authorities in public information dissemination, monitoring and management plan Whether there is any wildlife or forestry protected area in the neighborhood of the project area. Page | 243 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Implications of the project with respect to TANESCO, TARURA, TANROADs, RUWASA, Urban Water Authorities infrastructures and services along and off the project and interests as well wishes of utility authorities that have to be borne in mind during the execution of the project. The general public was consulted through public meetings which were conducted at selected villages. The main objectives of community consultations were: To provide clear and accurate information about the project to the communities along the railway track To obtain main concerns and perceptions of the population and their representatives regarding the railway track; To obtain opinions and suggestions directly from the affected communities on their preferred mitigation measures To ensure that these groups participated in meetings, advance notices were sent to village government leaders to inform the communities, including disabled, women, aged people, and youth of the meeting. Secondly, every village indicated the convenient date, time, and convenient venue to convene the meetings. In collaboration with village leaders, central locations were identified for the meeting venues. 5.3.2.2 Consultation with public Consultations and public meetings were held from July to August 2022 in almost all representative settlements along the project to allow community members to participate fully by arranging consultations close to their residences. People from groups of different interests were involved as well as ward, village and district officials whereby varying views, concerns and questions about the project were expressed by communities and other stakeholders. They were collected by the consultant team for review and further use. Prior to holding meetings, notification by letter or mobile phone contact was made with the village/ward office to seek appointments. During consultation the stakeholders were briefed on the proposed project as well as the ESIA process, and the governing environmental legislation. The public was then given opportunities to air their views and opinions concerning the project. Potential impacts – both positive and negative impacts as well as mitigation measures were also gathered as presented Page | 244 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) in the preceding section. Relevant photographs provide visual evidence of the occurrence of the consultation meetings. The meetings were chaired by village chairmen and recording of minutes was done by village Executive officers. Copies of minutes of the meetings are attached as Appendix 3. Notably although the minutes were recorded by the village representatives, the consultant also recorded issues, concerns, and views of the participants to be included in the public consultation chapter of this report to ensure that all discussed issues do not pass unrecorded. Each meeting was hosted by local authorities and was conducted for an average of 1-2 hrs and the summary of discussions are as depicted in table 5.1. 5.3.3 Project Information Disclosure In order to achieve an in-depth exchange of views and information an Informed Consultation and Participation (ICP) was anticipated through disclosure of information including providing information on: The purpose, nature, and scale of the Project; Any risks to and potential impacts on such communities and relevant mitigation measures and The envisaged stakeholder engagement process. As such, the Agenda for the Community consultative meetings included: Presenting the TRC Project – verbal explanation (in Kiswahili); Learning from the past rehabilitation and management of the project phases; Defining the local institutional framework and stakeholders; Obtaining from the local population their socio-economic concerns and perceptions regarding the proposed rehabilitation of the central railway and Facilitating identification by the communities of the main land uses and land tenure issues along the Row. Page | 245 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 5.1: Supplementary Issues and Concerns Raised By Stakeholders in the Project Area S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref 1. Ministry of Ms. Emmyelda J. The office acknowledges the involvement and Noted ESMP Water – Mcharo – Senior consultation of the TRC project to rehabilitate Further consultation Project Dodoma City Community the railway, at each basin office managem Development Officer Existing railways has been highly affected with shall be conducted ent and and Eng Abdillah floods; hence rehabilitation should focus to before and during mitigation Mataka – Principle reduce such incidents, project plans Engineer Consultation to be conducted in each basin officer implementation Project relation to the regional were the railway crosses TRC will share the drawing Draft consultation report and ESIA documents to final ESIA report for and be shared to the ministry office review bidding To those who encroaches the railway reserve, Railway reserve has documen especially settlements and agriculture activities been identified to the ts should be notified and abide to the reserve, master plan and Demarcation of the railway reserve should be community knows, earmarked from the beginning of the railway to only some are End neglecting to observe Rehabilitation of meter gauge (TRC) should blend shall be accountable with the construction of SGR especially to Noted infrastructure like road and pedestrians crossing areas, Railway station should be rehabilitated to satisfy the increase human population especially to village and towns centers, Page | 246 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Contractor’s camp should be constructed in a way that will be used after project end, as the buildings for dispensary or housing for teachers and etc. 2 Ministry of Walter Nnko – The Ministry has planned the use of land by Noted Lands, Regional Planner and classifying the use of railways and other uses after Housing and Mtaki Fabian – railway reserve Human Principal Town For trespassers within the railway areas TRC are Settlements Planner responsible for maintaining and protecting their Development- areas, Dodoma TRC are responsible to identify and demarcate all their areas Awareness education to be provided to all citizen along the railway on the importance of railways system and other infrastructure, Village and town canters along the railway should collaborate with TRC to prepare land use of the area, During railway rehabilitation TRC should consider provision of a way for new roads that shall cross the railway, as emerged after city or town growth, If TRC shall need to acquire more land for the rehabilitation procedures for compensation shall be followed 3 TANZANIA Amani Kyango – TANESCO Way leave should be observed during Noted for ELECTRIC Environmentalist project activities implementation Page | 247 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref SUPPLY Involvement of all stakeholders, community and COMPANY - village leaders prior to project implementation HQ 4 NATIONAL Emmanuel Salyeem - TRC should inform the Council of any changes to Project ENVIRONME Environmental the development undertaking EMP shall be updated EMP and NT Management Officer Ensure that the mitigation measures are ESMP MANAGEME implemented accordingly as stated in the NT Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Hazardous waste and all COUNCIL- Ensure that all forms of hazardous waste, i.e., are waste shall be managed HQ DSM managed as required in the (Hazardous Waste as per the regulations Control and Management) Regulations, 2021 Ensure to adhere to the Specific and General conditions which are printed at the back of the Noted Certificate during all project phases 3 City Council Ally S. Mfinanga- City Gulwe and Mpwapwa section has been eroded Project of Dodoma Environmental frequently due to floods drawing, Management Officer Laws and regulation on the Railway reserve areas ESMP and and Dickson Kimaro shall be incorporated into the Dodoma city Monitoring Ag. City Directors master plan office Areas to be used as a sourced for Building Shall be indicated in the materials (Sand, Gravel) need to be identified ESIA report earlier and TRC need to pay the service levy Provision for Pedestrians and livestock crossing areas to be improved as Dodoma is now populated especially to livestock crossing areas Page | 248 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Railway accidents has been regularly occurring in All safety measures to the city centers (Azina area) hence improve safeguard human and railway crossing signs and if possible construction railway infrastructure of gate at the crossing area shall be installed If rehabilitation shall involve replacement of rail bars and disposal of old/used bars then TRC to engage registered hazardous waste collectors Ms Hidaya Mizega – Community engagement need to be conducted Shall be included in Senior Community effectively to all the areas that the railway crosses Management plan Development Officer in collaboration with regional and local government office, Temporally employments opportunity to community during rehabilitation Contractor will source Railway station to be rehabilitated, specifically local workers sanitary rooms, as well as improving environment conditions to enable community to conduct small business, such as foods & drinks or money points Travel cost for railway passengers to be affordable to the user majority Pedestrians crossing to be provided as the city has now populated Trains to be improved to include human service such as food, Money point, first aid section, as it will also improve tourism in the country Page | 249 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref 4 Chamwino Abdul Mbimbi – Ag. In all phases of the project rehabilitation ensure to Noted District District Executive report at each village or ward office before any Council Office Director activates commenced Elizabeth R. Sorwa – Designing of sustainable HIV/AIDS preventive Awareness campaigns on Contactor’s Environmental campaigns should be provided to prepared the HIV/AIDS shall be Site Specific Management officer, community before project commence conducted during ESMP, Jane J. Maguwo – If rehabilitation shall involve railway expansion, construction phase Monthly District Forest officer community needs to be prepared and engaged Progress and Wakuru To the areas where the railway crosses, forest Noted and shall be Reports & Nyaratna – reserve, water sources and cultures historical or incorporated in the Monitoring Community spirituous sites, to be preserved and not polluted management plan Plan, Development officer in any how Occupational health and safety to all workers during rehabilitation need to be adhered Once the project commences ensure to report to TRC shall report once the District Directors office before going to the the project commences communities 5 Mpwapwa Mwanahamisi H. Ally Rehabilitation shall focus most to reduce flooding Noted Project District – District Executive that affect most the railway Implement Council Office Director ation Documents Theodory D. Rehabilitation should focus in railway culverts and Noted for Mulokozi – District drainages system for storm water as the area is implementations Environmental mostly flooded during rains seasons, Management Officer, Page | 250 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref James Makori – Communities and local government authorities Tanzania Forest should be engaged in all project phases Service and Khamlo Train station should be rehabilitated especially M. Njovu – District sanitary rooms Community If the project shall involves clearing of trees TRC Development Officer should seek for permit to the District office 6 Bahi District Boniphace Wilson – There is a water catchment in (Bahi Sokoni) that’s Rehabilitation of the Council Office Ag District Executive was used by the village community for irrigation in MGR shall not involve Director, Wilbard the rice farms, but SGR construction blocked the any construction; Ntongani – District water flow rather than to Land Natural Rehabilitation to include additional crossing ways rehabilitate the Resources officer, for livestock existing one Neema Ntibagwe – Railway stations to be rehabilitated specifically to Additional crossing Ag. District sanitary rooms and waiting lounge shall be identified in Community If rehabilitation shall include new construction of the design development officer, infrastructure, TRC to consult Bahi district Sanitary rooms will be RC. Katalyeba - Ag. council office included for District Human Planting of trees to the railway stations rehabilitation Resources officer, Community harassment has been happening Consultation shall be Laurent M. Charles - especially to SGR construction done to all phase of Ag. District Temporally employment opportunity to youth and the project Environmental women during rehabilitation should be a priority Contractor shall Management Officer to Bahi District source local workers and Evaristo M. Page | 251 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Makula – District Forest Officer 7 Singida Helina Mdamo The railway that crosses Manyoni to Singida to be Noted Regional (Personal secretary) revived and rehabilitated to help business activities Awareness campaigns Administrativ For RAS in the city shall be conducted e Secretary Demarcations to railway reserve areas to be Office (RAS) conducted to prevent community encroachment Awareness education on the railway reserve should be provided to community especially Itigi – Manyoni The district council should be aware of the TRC railway reserve 8 Manyoni Fadhili Chimsala – Ag Railway reserve area should be identified and Demarcation shall be District District Executive demarcated, since the population of Manyoni has included in the Council Office Director increase and railway tend to cross residential and designs farms area, Seif M. Swedi – Clearing of bushes within the railway reserve by The contactor is liable Contactor’s District involving the local community to prioritize Site Specific Environmental Health Other utilities infrastructure within the railway employment needs of ESMP, Officer reserve to be preserved and avoid clearing using the communities Monthly fire along the railway Progress There is a seasonal stream at (Kipondoda) that’s Reports & has been directed to the settlements Monitoring During project implementation TRC to Plan collaborate with DED office in all project phases Page | 252 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Project waste management plan should be known to DED office, for monitoring and conducting inspections to areas such a (borrow pits, campsites) Final copies of the ESIA report to be submitted to the district Council Heri Sagali – Ag. Stakeholders’ engagement and consultation to be Stakeholders’ ESMP, District Community conducted frequently during project construction engagement shall Monthly Development officer and operation in collaboration with officer from be conducted Progress the district office Safety procedures Reports Zakayo Ijojo – Ag. At Manyoni roundabout there are several road to prevent District Agriculture accidents happening, hence we request for railway- road and Hamis Omari – provision of gate during train crossing or safety accidents shall be District Forest officer man to alert drivers provided Special areas for Livestock crossing to be identified and demarcated to prevent destruction of rail infrastructure Train to be rehabilitated to include proper waste handling and management (such as toilets) 9 Itigi District Mkinguzi M. Mgalula Rehabilitation to include construction of new Noted Project Council Office – Ag District pedestrian and vehicles crossing at Mabondeni, drawings, Executive director Kitalaka and Kitopeni villages Environment al Itigi primary school was established to serve management children’s whom their parents are working for and Page | 253 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Nohny J. Kigoda - TRC hence, rehabilitation to include school monitoring (Ag. District infrastructure especially toilet Management of wild plan Environmental Sanitary rooms in the train station to be improved animals shall be prepared management officer, TRC to ensure cleanliness in their railway reserve Waste management plan Suzana J. Mushi – At Kitalaka and Aghondi there are wild animal shall be prepared District Community crossing such as elephant, hence rehabilitation to Community engagement development officer, consider this and Awareness campaign Elinam A. Macha – All waste generated during project phases to be shall be conducted District Natural properly managed Resources officer and Awareness on HIV/AIDS should be provided Mfwimi Abraham – before project commence as well as distribution Land officer of condoms Community along the railway to be notified earlier once the project commence 10 Msalala Leonard M. Mabula – The office shall provide all the necessary support District Ag. District Executive required for the project Council Office Director All the infrastructure for the train such as toilets and waiting lounge to be improved as well Mathias N. Waste management plan should be prepared and Gungumka – District effective followed Environmental management officer 11 Regional Msalika R. Makungu - He welcomed the team for consultation and insist Administrativ RAS to proceed with other consultation to another e Secretary - officer in the region Tabora Page | 254 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref 12 Tabora Nyanja Peter Maiga- Several train - vehicles accidents have been Noted Municipal Municipal Executive occurring at town centre, hence TRC should Council Director improve safety sign to alerts other road users TRC should be responsible to conserve their environmental There should be a Proper waste management plan inside the train Sanitary condition inside the train and station to Mwamvua Fundikira – be improved Waste management Environmental Railway reserve should be demarcated to prevent inside the train shall be management officer human activities within the reserve area improved Some of the local communities should be stopped conducting farming inside the railway reserve as Railway reserve area its cause soil erosion shall be demarcated and engaged local awareness 13 District Moses L. Pesha – TRC should pay service levy on the operation of Noted for Administrativ DAS the quarry site implementation e secretary - TRC have poor communication/collaboration with Uyui Uyui District Council and other institutions, Uyui District council are rejected to conducted inspection on the train TRC should revise its policy on Corporate Social Responsibility Page | 255 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref 14 Uyui District Karugutu Zuberi – He welcomed the team and allowed the Management Council Office Ag. District Executive discussion to proceed and Director Monitoring Awareness campaign plan Praxeda Kanja – Most of the people constructed permanent house shall be conducted District Community within the railway reserve, hence TRC to conduct Development officer regular awareness to the local community to observe railway reserve, and demarcate their area Moses Y. Bartow – TRC owns a quarry site at Tabora but fails to TRC shall need to Ag District comply with the Environmental management Act, comply with the EMA, Environmental 2004 Act 2004 Management Officer Train stations should also be rehabilitated and ensure cleanliness of the railway area by slashing glasses Dr. Kija A. Maige – Provision of new livestock crossing areas Noted District Livestock To areas where cutting of trees shall be required Consultation shall be and fisheries officer to construct new road TRC to consult the made to Uyui District and Chrispo D. District Council office Council Kisoma – Forest officer Page | 256 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref 15 Nzega Kiomoni Kibamba – Pedestrians crossing from one direction to Noted Project District District Executive another as the railway crosses settlements areas drawing Council office Director and human activities Christina J. Mahingu – TRC railway crosses Ilomba Hills, Igombe river Noted District Forest officer and Mwakatundi forest reserve hence there should be a proper waste management plan Ladislaus Mageni – If rehabilitation shall involve borrow pit, hence Rehabilitation plan Project District restoration plan shall need to be prepared shall be prepared Management Environmental Awareness to the community in all project phases once required and management Officer concerning increase of human interactions, health Awareness campaign Monitoring and safety to children shall be conducted plan Rehabilitation shall also increase influx of people Labor management and increase demand of social service, hence plan shall be provided resource such as water and hospital shall also be increased Contractor should ensure to participate in corporate social responsibility (CSR) Elisha j. Lupindye – Awareness campaign on the railway reserve to be Awareness campaign Project Valuer conducted shall be conducted management Buildings at Ipala stations to be rehabilitated to Noted and avoid communities’ encroachment Contractor shall monitoring Employment opportunities to be prioritized to the source local workers plan local communities and villages along the railway Page | 257 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref 16 Morogoro Dr. Rozalia There are several train and vehicle accidents at Management of Regional Rwegasira – Ag. RAS TANESCO and Msamvu-Town, hence TRC accidents shall be Secretary should consider construction of a gate or traffic provided office light during train crossing Noted Railway at Kilosa section have been flooded each Rehabilitation of water year, hence rehabilitation shall also focus to ponds shall be reduce flood considered There are water ponds in Kilosa that were built to stabilize water pressure, hence to be rehabilitated as well Farms lands have been destructed due to failure of water ponds at Kilosa Wild animals at Mikumi and pastoralist should be provided with safety crossing areas 17 Morogoro Joyce R. Mugambi – Communities should be educated on the Awareness campaign Management Municipal Municipal community importance of protecting railway infrastructure shall be conducted and Council Office development officer Engagement and involvement of local communities Safety signs shall be monitoring and Dauson Jeremiah on the protection of infrastructure provided to major plan – Environmental Safety signage and symbols to be provided at the areas Management Officer railway crossing areas Rehabilitation for Railway and road intersection to be provided with borrow pit shall be gate or traffic light to prevent accidents provided if required Precaution awareness on HIV/AIDs and Covid-19 to be provided, especially to school children Rehabilitation plan for borrow pit after projects ends Page | 258 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Morogoro Edwin M. Mashala – He welcomed the team for discussion and to 18 District Ag. District Executive conduct consultation with other department Council office director Rosemary Semiono – Waste management plan should be prepared to The contractor shall EMP & ESMP District conserve natural environment during be responsible for Environmental rehabilitation process preparation of specific Management officer, Rehabilitation plan for borrow pit after projects ESMP and its decommissioning implementation under Replacement of trees to area that will be affected supervision of the by the project’s activities Project Engineer. Proper Management of pollution such as dust, noise and if blasting shall be involved Water suppression on dust area to control dust during project phases Clarence S.A Rehabilitation of railway shall enhance country Awareness campaign Project Manyamu – and regional development, but during project shall be conducted monitoring Community phases interaction of people shall increase spread Constrictor shall Development Officer of HIV/AIDs, hence awareness education should source local workers and Dickson L. be provided to communities Mpokwa – principle Priority of Employment opportunities to land officer community along the railway Train Stations should be rehabilitee to create favourable conditions for doing business Page | 259 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref There are elephant at Kidungulo and Ngerengere hence TRC through CSR should help in controlling elephant by provision of beehives 19 Kinonko Hassan S. Kingoe – No any environmental challenges on the railway Well noted Village Office Member and Juma B. Provision of pedestrian crossing way at Kinonko Shabani - VEO Trains wagons that’s are old and unused should be removed from the railway areas During project implementation phased priority for employments opportunities to village citizens Kilosa District Joseph M. Kayzere – TRC railway has been damaged due to floods that Rehabilitation shall Council Office Ag. District Executive has been happening from December – January and involve rehabilitation of Director this is due to failure of Kidete pond, that helps in railway infrastructure decelerating speed of water Anthony H. Mbise – Sediments in Kidete ponds should be removed to TRC shall take this Project Ag. District allow the pond to store water for a period of into consideration Management Environmental time during rehabilitation and Management Officer Additional of alternative ponds from a great river of the railway Monitoring (Nyakatango – Kidete) will help to decelerate Waste management plan water flow and reduce impact of flood to the plan shall be railway developed Removing of sediments will help in getting building Water suppression materials and saves water for agriculture and mechanism shall be fishing applied to reduce dust Page | 260 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Nyakatango River tends to shift its natural flow hence, TRC to considered rehabilitating riverbanks and enforce Environmental Management Act, 2004 of No permanent structure of 60m from the highest watermark During construction of SGR some of the area have been impacted with dust from haulage to and from borrow pits Simforosa Mollel – Growth of human activities has led to Awareness campaign Ag. District encroachment of railway reserve shall be conducted Community There is a need to make awareness to the prior to project Development officer community on the importance of environmental implementation conservation and planting of trees Local community should be empowered to move Involvement of the from riversides areas and TRC to consider local leaders have providing them with trees as it will create sense of already commenced ownership with TRC project by conducting Precaution measures on HIV/AIDs awareness stakeholders meeting should be provided Local leaders should be involved in all project Procedures for phases allocation of gravel Temporally employments opportunities should be shall be followed if prioritized to local community required Construction of SGR has provided crossing way for Kilosa – Sabasaba, but TRC railway did not Page | 261 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref provide one and it is difficult for community to access other side, hence rehabilitation should consider this If rehabilitation shall involve allocation of graves prior notification should be provided to the District council office Diana S. Mahimbali – TRC to collaborate with the Ministry of Noted for Ag. District Natural agriculture in rehabilitations of the ponds as were implementation Resources Officer used in farming activities Other alternative source of water for agriculture activities to be known to the communities who depends on river Nyakatango before there are stopped depending on it 20 Kibaha Butamo Ndalahwa – SGR construction has blocked pedestrians and District District Executive livestock crossing area, and it is difficult to access Council Office director other side, hence TRC rehabilitation to consider Shukuru Lusanjala – provision of accessible crossways District Community Waste management plan should be prepared and Development officer shared to the district council office Tumaini B. Katila – Communities should be engaged in all project District phases Environmental Priority of employment to local people Management Officer TRC rehabilitation should consider construction of new pedestrians and vehicles crossing areas Page | 262 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Boko Albert N. Daudi – On the month of June – July it happens to occur a Noted for Mnemela Member Kibaoni train accident at Mpiji station implementation Ward Office Most of the train station have been abandoned and unfixed, hence rehabilitation should include improvement of station infrastructure as well Provision of vehicles, pedestrians and livestock crossing area at Chekereni ( 47km + 00 and 42km +00) Provision of all necessary safety signs and symbols to congested communities’ areas Mariam Salehe – Request for new train station at Ngeta, as the Noted Project Member Kibaoni, ones available were demolished drawing Justine J. Kipundwa – There is a gentle slope and shard corners from Noted (Secretary), Pugu to Mpiji area, that’s needs to be lowered Rehabilitation to include maintenance of Bridge over Mpiji River which is broken Hamisi S. Mfaume – Maintenance of the railway has been delayed due Noted Member Mpiji to small number of workers at the stations Stations should be rehabilitated to create favourable conditions for doing business Train route should be improved from once to twice a week Page | 263 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Saidi A. Mwenegoha Previous each station had three workers but (Chairperson – Mpiji) current no any workers this leads to growth of glasses in the railway Priority of employment to local communities Contractor shall Lilian Sanasio – during project implementation consider employment Village Executive There is a small culvert at 42km+00 from Dar es to local community Officer Kibaoni, and salaam should be redesign to a larger size Noted for action Salehe P. Mbagile – Provision of small train stop at Mnemela Kibaoni member Mpiji around 48km+00 due to increase of human settlements at the area Soga ward Shomari Juma – Provision of pedestrians and vehicles crossing Noted for Project Office Chairperson, Grace ways implementation drawing, Butu – Ward Train station should be rehabilitated to create ESMP Executive Officer, good conditions for community to conduct Alphonce Mohamedi business – Member, Tatu Pedestrians crossing and safety signs and symbols Hasani Idd – has to be provided Member, Ahedra New train station should be constructed as the Cosmass – Member, village population has now increase Fadhiri H. Ziamba – Priority for employment opportunities to Member, Selemani communities along the railway during Hamisi – Village rehabilitation executive officer, Mauvi Ukulule –VEO Soga, Neema Shanga Page | 264 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref – VEO Vikuge, Happy Kabambo -VEO Kisarawe James C. Chitumbi – Rehabilitation should consider minimizing sharp Rehabilitation shall not Project District Ag District Executive corner and steep slopes involve any management Council Office Director, Douglas P. Ensure forest reserve is not destructed in any realignment or plan Mwella –Ag District project phases construction of new Environmental Community should be informed on the proposed rail Management Officer, project and priority of employment to local Forest reserve shall be Waziri S. Mkumbwa peoples managed – Ag District Forest Awareness on HIV/AIDs should be conducted Community officer, Joseph E. prior to project implementation engagement shall be Makyao – Ag. District conducted Community Development Officer Visegese Mohammed Nundu – We are grateful for the government on the Rehabilitation shall not ESMP and Hamlet Office Ward Executive rehabilitation of TRC railway, moreover the involve any Monitoring officer Visegese, project should focus much on reduction of realignment or plan Abdallah M. Mangaya corners and slope where possible construction of new – Chairperson Priority of Employment opportunities to local rail Visegese, communities as it will create security for the TRC Positive Mwashamba M. infrastructure Constrictor shall Genda – Village Provision of new train station at Visegese consider employment Executive Officer There were train accidents in between of Mpiji to local communities Visegese, and Kigodi Camp (28&29) Page | 265 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Hamisi A. Mkino – At 33/32KM of the SGR railway, TRC to consider Rehabilitations shall Member, Kondo O. provision of pedestrians crossing also focus on Kanawana – Member, accidents’ reduction Asha K. Samora – Member, and Idd Athumani Nyato – Member Kisarawe Sophia N. Magwagu – Citizens who lived along the railway reserved area Compensation status Hamlet Office Ward Executive were allocated from their home without shall be crosscheck officer, Amiri Hemedi compensations Taken for Matary – Some of the communities who had family graves implementation Chairperson, Sophia along the railway were compensated and some Stakeholders’ A. Mahamba – were not, consultation has been Member, Haule We proposed TRC to construct a warehouse and conducted to all local Edward Nyoka – small station at Kisarawe to receive trains cargos government Member, Shamsa Y. as it will increase district revenue Seleman – Village TRC through its CSR should help provision of Executive Officer medical devices and human social service at Mwambisi, Kisopwa dispensary Rehabilitation should also consider construction of other service road along the railway to help transportation accessibility at Kisarawe For the TRC house to be rehabilitated, TRC to consider providing an office for Village Participation in each project phases of the project Page | 266 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Buguruni Mwanaidi S. Mazola – During rehabilitation of the TRC railway, ground Ground vibration Madenge Chairperson, Fadhil level vibration analysis especially at Madenge Mtaa analysis shall be Mtaa Office S. Kalugira – Mtaa should be conducted to acquired data for soil conducted executive officer, stability as the construction of SGR has Safety sign shall be Shukuru J. Tindwa – destructed soil stability due to construction of installed Member, Christina E. bridge and SGR flyovers Drainage system shall Mganga – (on Provision of safety signs and symbols to areas be rehabilitated practical), Hawa H. railway interacts with road Community Mussa – Member Some of the existing infrastructures were engagement shall be destructed by SGR Construction such as storm conducted water drainages system Construction of new train station, pedestrians crossing and Drainage system Community should be notified prior to the project implementation Priority of employment at Buguruni mtaa office Railway demarcations should be marked and known at Buguruni Mtaa and local residents Gerezani Fatuma A. Ally – Infrastructure for storm water drainage system at Rehabilitation should ward Office Councillor, Abdallah Kamata Goldstar has been blocked & destructed include rehabilitation M. Chihumpu – due to the construction of SGR, and TRC railway of drainage system Ward executive has been flooded during rainy season and affects Safety signs and officer, Asha Johari- human activities symbols should be Councillor Special Drainage infrastructure should be rehabilitated replaced seats, Zainab N. before construction begins Contractor shall Jenga – Chairpeson-, source local workers Page | 267 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Zaida M. Mligite – Construction of gate at the Railway and road Management of Community intersection to prevent accidents hazardous waste Developmeny officer, Rehabilitation should include replacement of should be as per the Dotto Muhombozage safety railway signs and symbols regulations – (Building inspector, Construction of fencing to area that are risk to Community Asha Mungi – accidents engagement shall be Healthy officer, Jane Priority of employment during rehabilitation conducted S Kazimoto- Mtaa process Management of Executive officer, Construction of new stations for passengers hazardous waste shall A/insp Jumanme M. Old railway steels that’s are not useful should be be as per the Mahegere – Police, removed from the road side with proper regulation Alatukesemela B. management Vahaye – Education TRC building and housing for workers should also coordinator, Ikingu be rehabilitated A.M – Health officer, Local government authorities and Communities Mohamed A. Ibrahim should also be engaged during all project phases – Chairperson, and Alice R. Kabaka – Mtaa executive officer Gerezani West Page | 268 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Ilala Ward Haji K. Bechina – Rehabilitation should specifically target areas that’s rehabilitation shall Office Chairperson Karume, are congested with human activities and involve Dar to Isaka Amini M. Mtipa – rehabilitation of drainage system railway Chairperson Kasulu, Engagement of local office during project phases, Community Ally Mshauri – Priority of employment during project phases engagement shall be Chairperson The office acknowledges the engagement of the conducted Mafuriko, Tatu TRC project before its implementation Contractor shall Kassim – Mtaa During project implementation the local office and source local workers Executive officer – communities should be informed, Mafuriko, Wilhermina Ngo’mbe – Mtaa executive officer Karume, Leonard Madaha – Mtaa executive officer Kasulu and Kiondo J. Stanley – Ag. Ward Executive officer Pugu Stesheni Shukuru Mwinjuma – Crossing areas for pedestrians, vehicles, and Existing settlements Mtaa Office Chairperson, Robert livestock should be improved and consider should be assessed and Zabron – War constructing new ones, due to urbanizations and proposed mitigation executive, Tunza H. growth of human activities measures shall be Mkandama – There are settlements in-between TRC and SGR provided Chairperson, Issa R. railway that’s are in risk area for accidents, hence Contractor shall Mahiki – should be reallocated to a safer place. source local workers Page | 269 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Chairperson, Priority of employment to local communities Community Mwanaisha O. during project implementations engagement shall be Local government and community should be well Muhunzi Chairpeson conducted engaged in all project phases Measurement of railway reserve should be conducted with realist instruments and not by gestures and observation as it was done before International contractors are abusive to local communities during constructions phases Community Based Organisation (CBOs) and Non-Government Organisation (NGOs) PUGU HILL Sairis Lucia Bugebaha Ensure flora and Fauna along The project site are Contractor will - Coordinator maintained, prepare SSESMP to be Once required to cut the tree contractor has to adhered at each seek for the permit from relevant authority, segment of the Encourage to replant the trees to the area that project, affected by the project Permit for cutting trees will be requested KIVULI CHA Efrasia Martine – Ensure waste are properly managed, Contractor will UTUNZAJI Chair person Construction crew are requested protect the prepare SSESMP to be WA surrounding environment, adhered at each MAZIBGIRA Contractor requested to participate on the forest segment of the management programs, project, Contractor requested to contribute cleanness equipment Page | 270 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Institution/ Name & Position Issues and Concerns Responses Project’s o Village/NGO Document Ref Waste management plan shall be developed, Equipment provision will be considered SAUTI YA Florida Frank Employment opportunity to the nearby Employment VIJANA communities has to be considered, opportunity will be Health and safety awareness should be provided considered, to the community, Health and Safety awareness will be provided Page | 271 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 5.4 Major Issues Raised by Stakeholders during consultation Employment: The issue of employment during project rehabilitation process was raised by almost all stakeholders, the issue can be divided into four groups: I. All unskilled labour must be sourced from the villages along the Project Area II. Recruitment process should be open and transparent III. Preferably local leaders should be involved directly IV. Public consultations with communities highlighted the priority for employment opportunities specifically for women Spread of HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections and COVID-19; impaired community safety and risk of disease intensifications, especially HIV/AIDS. TRC and contractors are to officially make a formal contract with an institution that will be carrying out the HIV/AIDS prevention campaign through dissemination of relevant and appropriate HIV/AIDS prevention awareness seminars and campaigns. Drainage: Rehabilitation should include environmental safeguard and sustainability; improvement of the drainage systems and structures to ensure the bridges and culverts are properly designed to counter the effect of flooding. Solid waste management during rehabilitation: Proper solid waste management during project rehabilitation phases was emphasized by stakeholders. During the construction phase there shall be a lot of hazardous waste, scrap and packaging materials, debris, etc. The contractor must develop a waste management plan as part of C-ESMP to ensure that wastes are collected and disposed in a manner that it does not pollute the environment. Flooding at the railway has been emphasized the most by stakeholders. Floods damage the railway and cause tremendous effects to the infrastructure, and hinder transportation systems of the railway area. However, it is worth noting that the ongoing study of assessment of Climate vulnerability and Disaster risks along Dsm-Isaka railway will provide recommendations that shall be included in ESIA and ESMP once ready. Provision of crossing areas for pedestrians and vehicles . Construction of Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) has blocked accessibility of pedestrians and vehicles in many cities, town, Page | 272 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) villages and wards; hence rehabilitation of the Meter gauge Railway shall consider construction new crossing area where accessible by many users. Gender Based Violence: Based on the experiences gained from the first phase of TRC rehabilitation, community members expressed their concerns that during railway rehabilitation more people will come to work in the project area and hence may likely fuel gender-based violence in their communities because of interactions of people from different cultural backgrounds. They call upon the contractor to emphasize employees of the project to respect to human dignity by abiding to traditional customs and norms instead of being the cause of fuelling of GBV related issues in the project area. Railway safety awareness creation to the communities: It has been always observed and witnessed the increase in number of road- railway accidents, which are fatal, and leave affected with disabilities. Recruitment of local labourers during construction phase: Each village being transverse should be given first priority in the provision of unskilled and semi-skilled labourers in the project. The contractor should therefore adhere to local content policy in executing the project during recruitment of labourers, commodities, and services supply chain Community engagement and participation in project phases . Local leaders such as village and ward have emphasized participation in the project phases from the begging to the end as it will also create ownership to local communities and ensure sustainability of the project. Gang houses should be rehabilitated to eliminate hideout areas for thieves. The proposed project transverses pasture lands where cattle are always crossing. Thus, the rehabilitation needs to accommodate animal crossings in several sections to serve livestock and people, Graves, places of worships, and shrines may be affected thus contractor has to ensure the places are protected from project operations. Utilities Authority: The execution of the project is likely to cause service provision disruption due to the need to shift parts and components of utilities infrastructures and Page | 273 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) facilities. Therefore, pertinent costs should be borne by the project and formal notification should be made to them before project execution. Cross ducts should be provided all along the project to serve as suitable and convenient means for utility line passage across the railway track to improve the existing situation and provide for future needs at all cross points. Figure 5.1: Consultation meeting with Local leaders at Kazimzumbwi ward, Visegese hamlet Source: Sociologist, July, 2022 Figure 5.2: Consultation meeting with Local leaders at Kisarawe hamlet Source: Sociologist, July 2022 Page | 274 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 5.3: Consultation meeting with Local leaders at Bokomnemela ward Source: Sociologist, July 2022 Figure 5.4: Consultation meeting with Local leaders at Gerezani Mtaa Source: Sociologist, July 2022 Page | 275 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 5.5: Consultation meeting with Manyoni District Directors and other staffs Source: Sociologist, July 2022 Figure 5.6: Consultation meeting with Itigi District Council officers Source: Sociologist, July 2022 Page | 276 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 5.7: Consultation meeting with head teacher at Igandu Source: Sociologist, July 2022 Figure 5.8: Awareness and information seeking from Igandu Primary School Students Page | 277 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Source: Sociologist, July 2022 Figure 5.9: Consultation with train users at Bahi Station Figure 5.10: Consultation meeting with Local leaders and community at Nzubuka Source: Sociologist, July 2022 Page | 278 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 5.11: Consultation meeting with community and Local leaders at Malola Source: Sociologist, July 2022 Figure 5.12: Consultation meeting with community and Local leaders at Igalula Source: Sociologist, July 2022 NOTE: The in-depth concerns of stakeholders can be seen in appendix 3 of this report. Page | 279 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER SIX 6. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 6.1 Introduction This chapter presents analysis of impacts of various components of the project. Several techniques and methods are available for the prediction and analysis of impacts. Examples of such methods include mathematical models, mass balance models, statistical models, physical, image, or architectural models, field and laboratory experimental methods, and analogue models. The methods that were used in this study were mainly the field method and analogue model. The field method used existing data inventories, which was supplemented by field surveys to predict impacts on receptors. The Analogue Model make predictions based on analogue situations, including comparing the impacts of the proposed project with a similar existing project, comparing environmental conditions at one site with those at similar sites elsewhere, comparing an unknown impact (e.g., concrete on human skin) with a known environmental impact. The model was developed from field surveys and investigations, review of literature, accessing expert opinion, and drawing on the ESIA experts own expertise obtained from previous experience. The impacts are either positive (beneficial) or negative (adverse). Whether positive or negative, the impacts are classified into direct short term, direct long term, and indirect impacts, reversible or irreversible. Negative impacts need to be abated, while those identified as positive will need to be strengthened so that the objective of the project is enhanced. 6.1.1 Direct Impacts Direct impacts are caused by the rail way itself that means truck construction processes such as land take, removal of vegetation, and severance of farmland. For example, the removal of gravel material from a borrow pit, for use in surfacing the truck, is an obvious direct impact of truck construction. In this case, the land area in which the pit site is located has been directly affected by activities associated with the project. Direct impacts are generally easier to identify, assess, and control than indirect impacts, since the cause-effect relationship is usually obvious. Page | 280 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.1.1.1 Direct Short-Term impacts Direct short-term impacts are direct impacts that may be apparent only during the construction stage of the project. Such impacts include impacts that are related to construction works. 6.1.1.2 Direct Long-Term impacts These are direct impacts that will appear after the construction has been completed, and include impacts related to each construction works and the use of the truck. 6.1.2 Indirect Impacts Indirect impacts are sometimes called secondary, tertiary or chain impacts, depending on how many steps there are between the original source activity and its impact. They are not a direct result of the project action but occur away from the original source of impact or as a result of a complex pathway. They are linked closely with development projects and may have more profound consequences on the environment than direct impacts. Indirect impacts are not easy to identify, assess, and control due to difficulties in understanding the cause-effect relationships, but can ultimately be more important. Over time they can affect larger geographical areas of the environment than anticipated. Examples of indirect impacts include degradation of surface water quality by the erosion of land cleared as a result of a new railway track and urban growth near a railway track. A subset of indirect impacts is generated impacts: where one type or phase of development attracts or facilitates another. An example of a generated impact is a new transport link to a remote area which triggers new housing and employment development. Indirect impacts are identified by using a causal chain diagram (or causal network diagram). 6.1.3 Cumulative Impacts Cumulative impacts are caused by combined results of past, current and future activities. Over time, direct and indirect human activities combine to collectively impact the environment. The impacts may differ from the original, individual activities. For example, ecosystems can be damaged by the combined effects of human activities, such as air, land, and/or water pollution, improper handling of industrial waste, and other human development activities. Global Page | 281 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) warming is the cumulative effect caused by too much greenhouse gases, and it may then cause a loss in biodiversity and acid rain. The process of cumulative environmental change can arise from any of the four following types of events: Single large events, i.e., a large project Multiple interrelated events, i.e., projects within a region Catastrophic sudden events, i.e., a major landslide into a river system; and Incremental, widespread, slow change, such as a poorly designed culvert or drainage system along a long railway track extending through a watershed. These can generate additive, multiplicative or synergetic effects, which can then result in damage to the function of one or several ecosystems (such as the impairment of the water regulation and filtering capacity of a wetland system by construction of a road across it), or the structure of an ecosystem (such as placement of a new railway track through a forest, leading to in-migration or land clearing which results in severe structural loss to the forest). A cumulative impact, in the context of railway track development, might be the de-vegetation and eventual erosion of a railway track side pull-out. The scenario might unfold as follows: a railway track cutting through a mountain range offers some spectacular views, and in the absence of designated rest areas, motorists stop indiscriminately. Railway track side vegetation is damaged by vehicle and foot traffic, and the soil is left unprotected. Subsequent rainfall causes erosion and siltation of nearby watercourses. The vegetation never has enough time to recover (because of high traffic volume on the railway track), and the problem is exacerbated over time. During study period broad categories/groups of potential ecological Valued Environmental and Social Components (VECs) were identified and are listed as follows: Terrestrial biodiversity these are protected forest reserve to mention few are Pugu Hills (Pugu Kazimzumbwi Nature Forest Reserve) and Ruvu South Forest reserves etc. Wildlife corridors which are Wami- Mbiki northern Selous and Wami Mbiki Mikumi. Freshwater biodiversity these are fish, invertebrates and other freshwater macro and microorganisms. Page | 282 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Physical environment and landscape these are surface water resources such as Ruvu River, Mkondoa River, Gode gode River as well as other streams. Soils i.e. Areas of high-value soils and soils sensitive to erosion or compaction example Kilosa Gulwe and gode gode area. Cultural heritage these are graves nearby the project road to be re allocated, Socio-economic and health which cover Employment and economic development, road accessibility, community health, traffic and road safety. 6.1.3.1 Other projects and external drivers Other Projects The range of programs and projects identified during the social studies development process are presented below. Construction of Standard Gauge Railway Line (SGR) from Dar es Salaam to Shinyanga implemented by TRC, Development of Rural Roads implemented by TARURA to mention few are at Pugu Mnadani area Ngerengere, Bahi, Morogoro DC, Development of Regional and Trunk Roads implemented by TANROADs at Buguruni Area, Kkoo Gerezani Area, Morogoro Road, i.e., these are a few areas where rail crosses Roads, Maintenance Water Utilities owned by RUWASA and Urban Water Authorities to mention a few this are at Kilosa area, Godegode area, Maintenance Telecommunications lines owned by TTCL to mention few this is at Buguruni area, Morogoro Municipality, Tambuka Reli Area, Maintenance of Electrical Lines owned by TANESCO this happens in most of the areas of the project as the TANESCO transmissions line goes parallel or crossing the Railway line in most of the places in all seventeen districts of the project. External Drivers Climate Change Nowadays, climate change attributed to the effects of anthropogenic-originated greenhouse gases (GHG), currently represents the greatest environmental, social, and economic threat Page | 283 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) on the planet. The accumulated level of GHGs in the atmosphere is constantly growing with population and economic activities. If measures are not taken today, it will be increasingly difficult and costly for countries to adapt themselves to the effects of climate change in the present and in the future. Therefore, climate change is an external driver for the project. Industrial component The sources of GHG emissions corresponding to the industrial sector by combustion of fossil fuels are: − Biomass boiler: although this equipment will be fueled by biomass (waste from wood handling and the removal of brown pulp), fuel oil will be used as starting fuel, to stabilize the production process and eventually to oxidize non-condensable gases when deviated to the biomass boiler; − Recovery boiler: in the same way, although the main fuel for this equipment is of biogenic origin (black liquor), the fuel oil will also be used as initial fuel, and for stabilizing the production process; − Internal transport of materials and waste: diesel and / or LPG will be used The project passes in the Cities having number of industrial components that in one way or another triggered similar impact to the environment same as that produced from project operation. Therefore, Industrial component is an external driver for the project. 6.1.4 Residual Impacts Residual impacts are those impacts that remain following the implementation of the mitigation measures proposed for each project phase, taking into account the background environmental conditions and the impacts from existing, committed and planned projects. The impacts considered in this study pertain not only to the railway track right-of-way but also to sites associated with the railway track. These will include: Deposit and quarry and borrow sites Construction equipment and materials storage yards Materials processing areas Detours and access roads Page | 284 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Construction camps In order to identify the impacts easily and effectively, each phase of the project has been broken down into main activities, from which possible impacts have been derived. The identified potential Environmental Impacts have been classified in accordance with activities causing them. The Prediction and evaluation of environmental impacts of the proposed project have been done using the matrix in Table 6.1. The likely interactions between the development actions/activity and the impact subjects are described (rated) in terms of magnitude and importance on a common scale of between -3 through +3 for both positive and negative impacts as follows: +3 = Major Positive, +2 = Moderate Positive, +1 = Minor Positive, 0 = No Impact, -3 = Major Negative -2 = Moderate Negative, +1 = Minor Negative, It is important to note that the impacts discussed below are presented as worst-case scenarios, in the absence of any best management practices (e.g. proper waste disposal) or mitigation measures, such as horizontal realignment to avoid excessive clearing of trees or improvement of sight distance to enhance railway track safety. Page | 285 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 6.1: Impact Matrix PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Creation of +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 employment Loss of -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 -2 0 0 0 -2 0 vegetation and farmlands Deterioration 0 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 of aesthetics as related to discoloration of vegetation and buildings, unreinstated borrow pits Impacts related 0 -1 -2 0 -1 -1 -2 -1 0 -1 -1 to generation of solid wastes Generation of -1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -2 -1 noise and vibrations Page | 286 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Deterioration -2 -3 -3 -1 -2 -2 0 0 -2 +3 -1 of ambient air quality by particulate (dust) Deterioration -1 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -1 of ambient air quality exhaust: fumes (SO2, NOx, CO) Deterioration 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 0 of ambient air quality by hydrocarbon fumes Risk of -1 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 -2 accidents to livestock and human due to borrow pits Page | 287 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Road traffic -1 -2 -2 -2 0 0 -2 -1 -1 -2 -1 accidents to human and animals Accidents 0 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 related to blasting, drilling, and rock excavation Soil erosion 1- -1 -2 0 -2 0 0 0 0 -2 0 Impact to 0 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 wildlife areas Displacement 0 0 -3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 and loss of properties Page | 288 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Disruption of 0 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 domestic water supply systems Disruption of 0 0 -2 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 0 optic fiber cable Increased -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 -2 -2 -1 -1 +2 -1 consumption of energy in the form of fuel and lubricants Increased -1 -1 -1 -1 -1- --1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 consumption of forestry products Resource use 0 0 -2 0 0 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 conflict Page | 289 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Reduction in -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 0 0 river flows River banks 0 0 -2 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 erosion during riparian zone construction Surface water 0 0 0 -2 -1 -2 0 0 0 0 0 and soil pollution by oil, concrete/concr ete slurry Surface water -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 -1 and soil due to possible of leakage of hazardous wastes Page | 290 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Modification of 0 0 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 surface water flow pattern Modification of 0 0 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 water table Disruption of 0 0 -2 0 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 community access to dwellings and business areas Impact to 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 cultural sites Health -2 0 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 problems associated with handling of cement and Page | 291 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s wet cement products Fire and 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 explosion risks Reduction in -1 0 -1 -1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 domestic water supply for local people Occupational -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 -2 health and safety related impacts Risks of -1 -1 -2 -2 -1 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 leakage of hazardous materials Page | 292 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Marital and -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 social conflicts Increase in -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 unwanted pregnancies Poaching of -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 wildlife by construction workers Physical hazard -2 -1 0 -2 -1 0 -2 0 0 0 0 due to fall from height or being hit by falling objects Physical hazard -2 0 0 -2 -2 0 -2 -1 0 0 0 due to stepping on sharp object or striking/ Page | 293 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s stumbling on objects Physical hazard -2 0 0 -2 -2 0 -2 0 0 0 0 due to manual handling (over- exertion) Physical hazard 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 -1 0 0 0 0 due to workers being struck or crushed by mobile equipment Physical hazard -1 -2 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 0 due to electrocution Chemical -1 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 health hazard due to Page | 294 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s chemical contact with skin Chemical -1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 0 0 0 health hazard due to inhalation of harmful chemicals Physical health -1 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -1 hazard due to noise and vibrations Biological -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -2 -2 0 0 health hazard due to drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food Page | 295 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Biological 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 health hazard due to exposure to ionizing radiation Increased -1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 infection of HIV/AIDS Improved 0 0 0 0 +2 0 0 0 0 +3 0 hydrology and drainage Reduction in 0 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +3 +3 vehicle operating costs Reduced travel +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +3 +3 time and comfort to passengers Page | 296 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Diversification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +3 +3 of local economy Improved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +3 +3 access to social services Increased 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +3 interaction of people drives for social change Increased 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +3 investment Reduced 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +3 +3 transport and transportation costs Page | 297 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Increased 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +2 household income due to increased trading activities Access to and 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +2 increased farm produce to the markets Improved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +2 Management of wildlife and forestry protected areas Improved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +2 tourism Page | 298 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Improved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +2 growth of vegetation due to reduced generation of dust Improved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +2 quality of water courses across the railway track Complementar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +2 y to other development initiatives Facilitation of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +2 poaching and illegal logging Page | 299 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Increased costs -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 of living Increased rate -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 of crimes Abuse of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -2 railway track corridor Reduced 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 -2 -2 0 economic activities after closure of the project Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 to climate change effect due to emission of GHGs Page | 300 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) PROJECT M C D O&M PHASE Impact Constructi Extraction General Constructio Constructio Concre Operation Demoliti Disposal Operati Repair and on of a processing earthwork n cross n of railway te and of on of of on of maintenan camp and drainage track side welding constructi temporar demoliti the ce of the delivery of structures drainage works on camps y on railway railway constructio systems structure material track track n materials s Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 to depletion of ozone layer Reduced life 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 span of the railway tracks due to climate change NB: M stand for Mobilization Phase, C stand for Construction Phase, D stand for Demobilization Phase, O stand for Operation Phase and M stand for Maintenance Phase. Page | 301 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.2 Impact assessment 6.2.1 Identification of Impacts Definition of actions in each stage of the project was done, which were considered as actions caused by a simple, concrete, well-defined and located cause of the impact see table 6.2. Table 6.2: Concrete Actions on the Project Phases Phase Action Planning Evaluation of Properties and compensations, Permitting and/Licensing Delimitation of working zones Land clearing, Setup & construction of contractor’s camp/s including provisional facilities (building offices, machinery and Mobilization equipment warehouses, concrete plant, crusher and screens) Transportation of consumables, equipment, materials and Staff Storage of materials, equipment and machinery Construction/Maintenance of access road to borrow pits/quarry site Sourcing/preparation and transport of construction materials, including stone quarrying, blasting of rocks, gravel, sand and stone borrowing, preparation of cement, timber, reinforcement bars, Construction casting of pre-cast materials such as concrete culverts etc. Construction & Maintenance of Diversions Site clearing works, including cutting of trees Earth works including removal of topsoil, river’s dredging, excavation, cutting/filling, and compaction Demolition/relocation of existing structures Construction of bridges, which will include such activities as welding works, concrete works, metal works, bridge protection works Creation of storm water drainage channels, relief culverts on bridge approaches Collection and disposal of dredges, spoilt materials removed from excavation of existing railway track Operation & Transportation of people and goods Maintenance Land restoration in provisional railway track and temporarily disturbed areas Truck maintenance Site Dismantling and demolition of structures Abandonment/ Cleaning and rehabilitation Decommissioning Page | 302 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.2.1.1 Impacts’ affected environs In this section, key biological, physical, and social receptors were selected from the baseline data. The impacts of the Project activities on each of these “Valued Ecosystem Components ” were evaluated using a significance ranking process see table 6.3. The environment complexity and its systemic nature was broken down into several levels to obtain simple and concrete factors: Table 6.3: Components and Factors of the Environment Environment Component Factor Climate Microclimate, Temperature, Rainfall Atmosphere Air Quality Noise Abiotic Land Structure Quality Relief Surface water Surface drainage (run-off patterns) Quality Groundwater Aquifers recharge Quality Flora Terrestrial Habitat Distribution Biotic Species within any category Ecosystem Biodiversity Landscape Landscape Quality-vegetation cover, soil erosion Economic Change of land use Jobs Local and Regional Development Socioeconomic Services Demand Water Energy Communication Waste management and disposal 6.2.1.2 Focused Approach Impacts Mapping/Identification This is a collaborative process of reflecting the reality along the proposed project in order to find implementable solutions/mitigations to avoid or reduce the impacts. See table 6.4 below. Page | 303 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 6.4: Impacts mapping-focused approach during construction and operation phases of the project(specific Impacts per location) Chainage Group list of Impact Mitigation Re Start Interm End features along the mark ediate rail way line that briefly described in 130+100 282+2 chapter 1) Presence two ofand stations Rehabilitation of railway and During rehabilitation process the During four facilities Isaka station will result to following should be done as the project 2) Multiple a. Generation of solid waste mitigation measure complying rehabilitatio Commercial during to mandatory requirement of n Contactor residential houses demolition/maintenance of EMA 2004 and the world bank should abide out of 15m RoW in offices, railway, and worker’s environmental and social to these LHS and RHS along houses framework (ESF): mitigation the project stretch. b. Generation of hazardous a) Minimize the solid waste measures 3) Open markets at waste such as scrap metal, generation by collecting, sorting and all the LHS and RHS of the used oil from railway at source, re-use or disposal to listed or railway c. Dust and noise generation authorized dump site as explained 4) Road crossing will affect the people involved b) All hazardous waste should be strategies so 5) Culverts and in commercial –residential collected and transported as to bridges across the near the railway also the properly to railway HQ for eliminate chainage. workers disposal and 6) Gangs on stations d. Cracking of building may c) Sparing water to working area, minimize along the chainage, occur because of equipment cover tracts which carry the some in not good used and the shortest material and frequency environmen condition distance to building from maintained of equipment used tal impacts 7) Presence of railway such as dry port during rehabilitation process as per EMA wetlands in some Act 2004 Page | 304 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Chainage Group list of Impact Mitigation Re Start Interm End features along the mark ediate rail way line that briefly described in chapter two and areas along the e. Employment opportunities d) On the railway cross the work and the four stretch. for people along the railway should be shifted to night house world bank 8) Seasonal streams chainage since there is less movement of environmen 9) Water pipes along f. Accident may occur when truck and to find the alternative tal and the line, rehabilitation is done on pass during working time social frame 10) TANESCO and railway crossing as the place e) Good environmental practices work (ESF) TTCL transmission having more trucks such as avoiding open as well as lines g. Transportation through defecation to prevent stream other 11) Animal and railway will be affected as the pollution and Igombe forest multilateral wildlife crossing. rehabilitation taking place reserve. internationa 12) Presence of h. Pollution to the perennial f) Frequency motoring of small l and forest reserve streams and rivers dam if the deep detail will be national i. Environmental pollution in taken environmen the forest reserve g) Implement storm water tal policies. j. Dam/pond may be polluted management plan during even though need more construction detail to categorize the place h) The design of culverts/water if is the dam or pond in drainage structure should which water stagnate. consider historical rainfall data k. Natural drainage flowing i) The pipelines should be during the rainy season may protected with metallic pipe be blocked during casing/s of larger diameter construction and cause during construction that will also provide maintenance Page | 305 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Chainage Group list of Impact Mitigation Re Start Interm End features along the mark ediate rail way line that briefly described in chapter two and standing water on the railway accessibility during railway four track and nearby area. operation l. Poor design and construction j) Community should be informed might lead to storm water on temporary disruption of overtopping and road’s banks water supply services erosion caused by running k) Need to rehabilitate/maintain water forces Gangs together with the m. The railway rehabilitation increases workers who will activities i.e., frequently checking and excavations/earth cut/s might maintained railway as the way of click the water pipelines and preventing accident cause accidental leaks l) On decommission of Tura n. Temporary disruption of Quarry site the site should be water supply to the reforming to initial by planting community trees and other activities o. Tura Quarry site provide the m) Provision of temporary aggregates and sand which sanitation facility to workers may use in maintenances and and application of slogan which rehabilitation of railway conserve environment during (easily availability of raw rehabilitation material which can be used in n) On the bridge (river /stream) the rehabilitation) the rehabilitation should be p. Cattle crossing/pathway will done in segment be temporarily closed during Page | 306 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Chainage Group list of Impact Mitigation Re Start Interm End features along the mark ediate rail way line that briefly described in chapter two and rehabilitation, pastoralists will o) Contractor should watch on four not be able to cross livestock age, and gender based during during construction employment q. Spread of disease such as p) Diversions and signs should be HIV/AIDS in place where the cattle shall r. The presence of child labor cross during construction and gender violence during q) Vehicle speeding should be rehabilitation limited to 30-50km/hr. s. Triggering land slides r) Worker should use PPE’s and present of warning sign in the working area s) Provision of education on the preventive measure such as use of condom t) Frequent monitoring of the areas with rock cutting during operation to monitor the stability of the rocks to avoid unnecessary accidents Page | 307 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.2.1.3 Integration of Impacts from Identification Methodologies The purpose is to strengthen the reliability of project’s information, validity of the findings and recommendations, and to broaden and deepen understanding of the impacts identified, and how these can be mitigated during and after project’s implementation. Since impacts’ mapping is location based, categorization of impacts has resulted into the following factors indicated in table 6.5: Aimed at specific impacts along the project corridor Table 6.5: Impacts Integration S/No Categorized Impacts Impacts from Matrices from Mapping Component Factors Approach 1 railway track safety Socioeconomic At Risk Population / Road impacts at major crossing / economic Accidents /Occupational Health & Safety 2 railway track safety Socioeconomic At Risk Population / Road impacts at community / economic Accidents /Occupational Health & centers Safety 3 railway track safety impact Socioeconomic At Risk Population / Road to livestock / economic Accidents /Occupational Health & Safety 4 railway track safety Socioeconomic At Risk Population / Road impacts at sharp corners / economic Accidents /Occupational Health & Safety 5 railway track safety Socioeconomic At Risk Population / Road impacts at steep / economic Accidents /Occupational Health & hills/slopes Safety 6 railway track safety Socioeconomic At Risk Population / Road impacts due to narrowed / economic Accidents /Occupational Health & tracks and bridges Safety 7 Resettlement Socioeconomic Resettlement / economic 8 Disruption of water Socioeconomic Water services / services 9 Disruption of electrical Socioeconomic Electricity/Energy services / services 10 Disruption of Socioeconomic Communication communication services /services 11 Interference with market Socioeconomic Improved Local Trade activities /economic 12 Interference with Socioeconomic Cultural/Religion Values worshiping services at /economic mosques or churches Page | 308 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/No Categorized Impacts Impacts from Matrices from Mapping Component Factors Approach 13 Damage/s on utilities, Socioeconomic Energy/water Transfer /services 14 Disruption of Cargo Socioeconomic Movement of cargo in central line transfer /services 15 Transportation Socioeconomic Transportation inconveniences during /services construction 16 Clearance of terrestrial Flora Vegetation Coverage/ vegetation Species/Category 17 Little Ruaha River’ bank Land Structure/Topography erosion Erosion/Quality 18 River Surface Water Water Quality/Pollution pollution/Sedimentation Downstream Effect 19 Generation Noise & Atmosphere Noise & Vibration Vibration 20 Air quality deterioration Atmosphere Air Quality 6.2.2 Impact Prediction and evaluation After identification of impacts as a result of the proposed project’s activities, their significance were determined, that is, whether they are acceptable or unacceptable and thus require mitigation see table 6.6. The significance of an impact was determined by considering the impact characteristics and the importance (or value) attached to them by the consultant team. Overall Score = (NxMxS) x (E+D+P) Where: N = Nature; E = Extent M = Magnitude D = Duration P = Probability S = Significance Page | 309 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 6.6: Impacts Methodology Table Nature Negative Neutral Positive -1 0 +1 Extent Site Local Regional National International 1 2 3 4 5 Magnitude Low Medium High 1 2 3 Duration Short Term (0-5yrs) Medium Term (5- Long Term Permanent 11yrs) 1 2 3 4 Probability Rare/Remote Unlikely Moderate Likely Almost Certain 1 2 3 4 5 Significance No Impact/None No Impact After Residual Impact After Impact Cannot be Mitigation/Low Mitigation/Medium Mitigated/High 0 1 2 3 The analysis was conducted on a quantitative basis with regard to the nature, extent, magnitude, duration, probability and significance of the impacts see table 6.7. The following definitions and scoring system applied: Table 6.7: Impact definitions Nature (/Status) The project could have a positive, negative or neutral impact on the environment. Extent • Site – impact within the project site. • Local – extend to the site and its immediate surroundings. • Regional – impact on the region but within the districts. • National – impact on an interregional scale. • International – impact outside of Tanzania. Magnitude Degree to which impact may cause irreplaceable loss of resources. • Low – natural and social functions and processes are not affected or minimally affected. • Medium – affected environment is notably altered; natural and social functions and processes continue although in a modified way. • High – natural or social functions or processes could be substantially affected or altered Page | 310 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) to the extent that they could temporarily or permanently cease. Duration • Short term – 0-5 years. • Medium term – 5-11 years. • Long term – impact ceases after the operational life cycle of the activity either because of natural processes or by human intervention. • Permanent – mitigation either by natural process or by human intervention will not occur in such a way or in such a time span that the impact can be considered transient Probability • Almost certain – the event is expected to occur in most circumstances. • Likely – the event will probably occur in most circumstances. • Moderate – the event should occur at some time. • Unlikely – the event could occur at some time. • Rare/Remote – the event may occur only in exceptional circumstances. Significance Provides an overall impression of an impact’s importance, and the degree to which it can be mitigated. The range for significance ratings is as follows 0 – Impact will not affect the environment. No mitigation necessary. 1 – No impact after mitigation. 2 – Residual impact after mitigation. 3 – Impact cannot be mitigated. On the other hand, if the nature of an impact is 0 (neutral or no change) or the significance is 0 (no impact), then the impact is 0. Impact Scores will therefore be ranked as indicated in the table 6.8: Table 6.8: Rating Scale Impact Low/Acceptable Medium High Very High Rating impact Score 0 to -30 -31 to -60 -61 to -90 -91 to -117 Page | 311 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 6.9: Impacts Characterization Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Clim Microc Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 10 - ate limate 1 0 Air Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 5 - Qualit 5 y Atm Noise Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 3 -1 osph ere Vibrati Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 3 -1 on Page | 312 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Land Structu Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 7 - re/Top 2 1 ograph 4 y Erosio Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - n/Qual 6 ity Surface Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 5 - draina Surface 5 Waterge /Hydr ology Page | 313 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Water Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 5 - Qualit 2 1 y/Pollu 0 tion Downs Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 5 - tream 2 1 Effect 0 Gro Aquife Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - und rs 6 Wat recharg er e Page | 314 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Groun Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - d 6 Water Qualit y Flor Vegeta Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - a tion 6 Covera ge Species Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - /Categ 6 ory Page | 315 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Faun Habita Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - a- t 6 Terr Distrib Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - estri ution 6 al Species Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - and /Categ 6 Aqu ory atic Habita Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 3 - t 3 Distrib Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 3 - ution 3 Page | 316 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Species Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 3 - /Categ 3 ory Ecos Biodiv Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 3 - yste ersity 3 m Land Qualit Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ 2 6 1 scap y 2 e Chang Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ 2 11 2 e of 2 Land use Page | 317 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Land Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 7 - Acquisi 4 2 tion & 8 Resettl ement Jobs/E Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ 1 7 7 mploy Soci ment Page | 318 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 oeco Local Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ 4 11 4 nom and 4 ic Region Servi al ces Develo pment Traffic Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 9 - 9 8 1 Page | 319 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Occup Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 5 - ational 4 2 Health 0 & Safety Local Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ 4 9 3 Life 6 Style Impro Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ 4 9 3 ved 6 Local Trade Page | 320 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Migran Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 5 - t 4 2 Popula 0 tion Gende Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 8 - r Based 2 1 Violen 6 ce Spread Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 9 - of 2 1 HIV/AI 8 DS Page | 321 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Comm Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 8 - unity 2 1 Stabilit 6 y Cultur Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - al/Reli 6 gion Values Page | 322 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Impro Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ 4 10 4 ved 0 railwa y track Condit ion Touris Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ 2 9 1 m 8 Water Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - 6 Energy Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ /Electri city Page | 323 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Com Factor/ Nat Extent (E) Timing Magnitu Duration Probability (P) Significance S pon Impact ure de (M) (D) (S) c ent (N) o r e + - S L Re N In Pl M D O L M H S M L P R U M Li C N L M H N E v v i o gi ati te an o e p o e i T T T a nli od k er il o ed i M + e e t c on on r ni b c w d g r ke era el ta l w iu g S D e a al al n ng & o h e ly te y in m h + l C P o ns Impact Score 1 - 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 Value 1 Energy Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ - 9 - /Fuel 2 1 Transfe 8 r Comm Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ -1 6 - unicati 6 on Waste Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ Θ 1 6 6 Manag ement & Dispos al Page | 324 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.3 Impact Description The description of the impact in the following subsections shall be done following the project phases. 6.3.1 Planning Phase As noted earlier, the main activities during planning phase of the project will be the acquisition of the licensing and other information necessary for the execution of the project therefore only identified impact to this is creation of the employment to the people and increase in money circulation to the community. 6.3.2 Mobilization Phase The main activities during mobilization phase of the project will be the transportation of construction equipment to the site, establishment of camps, and establishment of sources of naturally occurring construction materials. The camps will be required for the storage of construction materials and equipment, material processing, carpentry workshop, steel workshop, mechanical workshop, and pre-cast yard. The camp will also be required to provide site office and accommodation for Supervising engineering firms and a few senior staff of the Contractors. Accommodation may not be necessary for workers coming from the project area. Mobilization activities are expected to bring about the following impacts. POSITIVE IMPACTS DURING MOBILIZATION 6.3.2.1 Creation of Employment Establishment of construction camp site will create direct and indirect employment to the local as well as people from other places. Direct employment will be in the form of skilled labor as well as non-skilled labor. Indirect employment will include employment of food vendors (especially women) and other small businesses like soft drinks. The WB ESF, especially ESS2, will be applied because the project shall need to recruit workers and to give them contract that will ensure the labor Working conditions and management of worker relationships is complied. The Impact is cumulative estimated to be positive, direct, short term, and moderate. Page | 325 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NEGATIVE IMPACTS DURING MOBILIZATION 6.3.2.2 Loss of Vegetation Clearing works during establishment of camps and material borrow areas will involve removal of vegetation, including trees. Clearing of vegetation apart from exposing soil to water erosion, it will remove fertile top soil which is good for supporting plant growth. ESS6 recognizes that protecting and conserving biodiversity and sustainably managing living natural resources are fundamental to sustainable development. Thus, TRC through project consultant will make sure that contractor will protecting and conserving biodiversity and sustainably managing living natural resources as per requirement of EMA, 2004 as well as WB ESF, especially ESS6 which clearly indicate mitigation hierarch to prevent or mitigate any adverse impact from project. The impact is cumulative indicated as negative and is gauged to be a direct long term, moderate, and irreversible. 6.3.2.3 Deterioration of Scenic and Visual Quality Loss of aesthetic quality will result from accumulation of top soil cleared from camp sites, construction material wastes such as concrete, nails, timber, steel, and iron sheets, and material packing such as cement bags. This will create an eye-sore to the by passers-by. The negative impact will be direct, short term, minor, and reversible. 6.3.2.4 Generation of Noise and Vibration Pollution due to noise and vibrations will result from operations of construction equipment and trucks during transportation and delivery of construction materials, and works at the camps. Increased traffic movement across and along settlements is likely to cause considerable noise and vibration. This is likely to interfere with audio communication. The impact is likely to be pronounced if the equipment and trucks are poorly maintained. Since there are no settlements in the neighborhood of potential sources of construction materials, the impact due to noise and vibration due to material extraction activities is only likely to be felt by construction workers. For that case TRC through project consultant will make sure that contractor will abide with labor and working conditions articulated in the Tanzanian labor Law as well as WB- ESF especially ESS2. ESS 2 on noise and vibrations applies to the project Page | 326 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) because of the possible impact on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) issues that may be encountered during project implementations. The negative impact due to noise and vibrations will be cumulative direct, moderate, but short term. The impact is residual since it cannot be mitigated fully. 6.3.2.5 Deterioration of Ambient Air Quality by Dust Deterioration of ambient air quality will be due to generation of dusts at the campsite, during site preparation, construction activities especially those involving the use of cement and extraction of materials at material borrow sites. Deterioration of ambient air quality will also arise from transportation and stockpiling of construction materials at camp sites. In addition, the transport trucks may generate clouds of dust as they move across settlements. This impact will rise concern for ESS 3 to the project because of the possible impact on air quality due to the emission of the pollutant that may be encountered during project implementations. The impact is negative and estimated to be cumulative direct, moderate, short term, and reversible. The impact will be residual since dust cannot be mitigated fully . 6.3.2.6 Risk of Road Traffic Accidents The impact is related to the requirement of the WB- ESF especially ESS4 due to the fact that Project activities during mobilization phase will increase the traffic volume and movements. This is likely to increase the likelihood of accidents, especially along materials stock/ source routes and road crossings, especially settlement centers. Settlements that are likely to be affected most are the relatively high populated ones such as Pugu, Msoga, Ngerengere, Makutopola, Buhene, and Itigi etc. During this stage contractor will be directed to prepare the comprehensive traffic management plan as per requirement of the WB- ESF. The impacts due to pressure on traffic and road safety are gauged to be negative, cumulative direct, moderate, short term, and irreversible. 6.3.2.7 Soil Erosion Clearing of vegetation during establishment of camps and material borrow areas will remove fertile top soil which is good for supporting plant growth as well as expose soil to water and wind erosion this will trigger the WB’s ESS3 since if there is no feasible measures for improving efficient consumption of raw materials, as well as other resources in the project a Page | 327 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) lot of chaos other than erosion of soil will be developed in the project phases. The negative impact will be cumulative direct, short term, moderate, and irreversible. 6.3.3 Construction Phase Number of activities are expected to be done during construction phase. The activities predicted to have both positive and negative impact to the project environment as described in the following sub sections POSITIVE IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 6.3.3.1 Creation of Employment The construction phase of the project will create both direct and indirect employment for both women and men. Directly employed people will be those working in the direct construction of the railway track and will include skilled labor (engineers, surveyors, technicians, machinery and equipment operators, drivers, artisans etc.) and unskilled labor. Indirectly employed people will include food vendors (especially women) and other small businesses like soft drinks, which are likely to be concentrated in village centers, active construction sites as well as in the neighborhood of campsites. Creation of Employment is related to WB- ESF ESS2 since during phases of the project workers will be required to be paid on a regular basis as required by national laws and labor management procedures. Additional to that all employment opportunities to the project shall be conducted to ensure Protection of the work force, Grievance mechanism are followed and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) issues are obeyed, This will be a positive, cumulative direct, moderate, and short-term impact, since it will only occur during the construction period of the project . 6.3.3.2 Increased Income to Residing Villagers Enlarging in size of employment of semi-skilled and unskilled labourers will enhance chance for increased income to local people who will be engaged to the construction works. On the other hand, some villagers, especially women will also get opportunity to sell food items to the construction workforce, thus increase income at the household level. This will be a positive, cumulative direct, moderate, and short-term impact, since it will only occur during the construction period of the project . Page | 328 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NEGATIVE IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION 6.3.3.3 Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Gender-based violence (GBV) can be a concern during railway construction. The World Bank's Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) recognizes the importance of addressing GBV to ensure the safety and well-being of project-affected people. Here's are GBV impacts causes based on World Bank ESF standards. I. Labor Influx There will be a possibility of labor influx during construction period which leads to the following; Risk of social conflict During construction phase Conflicts may arise between the local community and the construction workers, which may be related to religious, cultural or ethnic differences, or based on competition for local resources. Tensions may also arise between different groups within the labor force, and pre-existing conflicts in the local community may be exacerbated. Ethnic and regional conflicts may be aggravated if workers from one group are moving into the territory of the other. This will be a negative impact, cumulative direct, moderate, and short-term impact, since it will only occur during the construction period of the project . Increased risk of illicit behavior and crime The influx of workers and service providers into communities may increase the rate of crimes and/or a perception of insecurity by the local community. Such illicit behavior or crimes can include theft, physical assaults, substance abuse, prostitution and human trafficking. Local law enforcement may not be sufficiently equipped to deal with the temporary increase in local population. This will be a negative impact, cumulative direct, moderate, and short-term impact, since it will only occur during the construction period of the project . Influx of additional population (“followers”) Page | 329 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Especially in projects with large footprints and/or a longer timeframe, people can migrate to the project area in addition to the labor force, thereby exacerbating the problems of labor influx. These can be people who expect to get a job with the project, family members of workers, as well as traders, suppliers and other service providers (including sex workers), particularly in areas where the local capacity to provide goods and services is limited. This will be a negative impact, cumulative direct, moderate, and short-term impact, since it will only occur during the construction period of the project . II. Sexual Harassment and Assault: Increased risk of construction workers or project-affected individuals experiencing sexual harassment or assault due to the presence of a predominantly male workforce and limited safe spaces. This could also be experienced in the Project related community members due to interractions between workers and locals. This will be a negative impact, moderate, and short-term impact, since it will only occur during the construction period of the project. 6.3.3.4 Extraction, Processing, and Delivery of Naturally occurring Construction Materials Environmental Impacts due to borrowing of materials from borrow pits, sand pits as well quarrying activities will include loss of vegetation, waste disposal, deterioration of aesthetics, and generation of noise and vibrations. Extractions of construction materials from the pits and quarries identified for this project are likely to cause the following negative environmental impacts: Loss of Vegetation and Farmland Borrowing of natural gravel and quarrying from the identified potential sites will obviously involve excavation and so clearance of vegetation around. Clearance of vegetation is likely to result into degradation of the production value of farmlands and forestry due to loss of fertile top soil. Removal of vegetation will amount to further degradation of land and landscape, making the area susceptible to water and wind erosion. In addition, quarrying and excavation will destroy the economic and aesthetic value of the quarry site. The impact Related to the Page | 330 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) WB’s ESS6 due to the fact that during clearance of the sites to obtain construction materials will also disturb the existence of the natural habitat available at that particular area. Thus, the impact is gauged to be direct negative moderate, reversible, and long term because once the vegetation has been cleared, it will take substantial time for the cleared vegetation to regenerate. Generation of Noise and Vibration Generation of noise and vibrations will result from the blasting of rocks at quarry sites discussed earlier. In addition, noise and vibrations will be generated by construction equipment and trucks during extraction (borrowing), transport, and delivery of construction materials to the project site. The problem is likely to be worse if the equipment and trucks are poorly maintained. However, since there are no settlements in the neighborhood of the identified quarry and borrow sites, the impact due to noise and vibrations will only be felt by construction workers which then will trigger the requirement of the WB’s ESS2. Nonetheless, increased traffic movement across settlements and material routes during transport of materials will cause increased noise and vibrations. Increased generation of noise and vibration will in turn interfere with audio communication between workers. Referring WB’s ESS6 If the borrow pits are located within wildlife areas, for example, (as discussed earlier), the wild animals will be scared and disturbed, and the animals may eventually: I. Experience interference with their behaviors due to restriction of their free movement II. Experience interferes with their home range (grazing, resting, and water drinking area) III. Be forced to migrate IV. Be forced to hesitate in migration, especially if the borrow areas are located nearby a migration corridor, The negative impact is gauged to be cumulative direct, moderate, reversible, and short term, since it will only be felt during the construction phase of the project. The impact will be residual since it cannot be mitigated fully. Deterioration of Ambient Air Quality Page | 331 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) The impact related with WB’s ESS3 as during construction phase of the project ambient air dust will arise from transportation and stockpiling of construction materials. Gravel materials will generate dust as they are being transported in uncovered trucks or being off loaded at the site. In addition, the transport trucks may generate clouds of dust as they move across village settlements whose road is not paved. Although dust is a permanent feature along the unpaved road, especially during the dry season, it is likely to increase beyond the current levels, causing alarming effect to the locals. Furthermore, dust will be generated by stone crusher at the quarry sites. Moreover, the Wb’s ESS4 will be triggered from production of dust by transport trucks near settlements along the road since the impact is likely to affect human health. The dust is likely to cause bronchial problems, including URTI (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection) to the villagers and workers, in addition to being a nuisance to the environment. Pollution of ambient air will also occur at materials borrow and quarry sites. This will be due to emission of SO2, NOX, CO, and CO2 from exhaust fumes from material extraction equipment and stone crusher at quarry sites. TRC through project consultant will make sure that contractor will protect the health, safety, and security risks on project-affected communities as per requirement of EMA,2004 as well as WB- ESF especially ESS4 The impact is estimated to be cumulative direct, major, reversible, and short term since it will only occur during the construction phase of the project . Deterioration of Scenic and Visual Quality A common source of deterioration of scenic and visual quality during extraction of materials is the presence of borrow pits after materials have been extracted. The ESIA Expert’s past experience has shown that most contractors prefer to borrow materials very close to the edge of the railway track in order to minimize haulage distance. The other thing is that, more often than not these borrow pits are not reinstated after completion of their use. Borrow pits and access roads left after extraction of construction materials will impair aesthetics, especially if located close to the railway track. WB’s ESS4 will since the dust generated by construction equipment, machinery, and vehicles will have the possibility to impair visibility and making construction sites prone to traffic Page | 332 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) accidents. In addition, stockpiles of construction materials on road sides will impair scenic and visual quality. Discoloration of buildings and vegetation along the construction site will occur due to the dust blown by wind. The impact due to deterioration of scenic and visual quality is weighed to be cumulative direct, short term, moderate, reversible, and short term, since it will occur during the construction phase of the project . Risk of Accidents to Livestock and Humans If pits and quarry sites, especially if located near settlements, are left un-reinstated, they may become filled with rainwater and become dangerous to livestock and humans, in particular children, due to possible drowning. Considering WB’s ESS4, they may also create breeding sites for vectors such as mosquitoes and snails which harbour the bilharziasis agent, when filled with rainwater. The scenario creating environmental and safety hazards to nearby communities. The impact due to accidents to human and animals due to un-reinstated borrow pits will be direct, moderate, reversible, and short term if mitigated as soon as they are no longer in use. Impact on Soil With the reference of the WB’s ESS3 the land within the project (access roads and camp sites) will be directly impacted due to removal of topsoil, compaction and spillage of chemical. During construction phase stripping of topsoil up to depth of 15cm is anticipated to be directly affected during clearing and grubbing. The compaction of soil due to plying of traffic, stockpiles, and temporary facilities is also likely to impact soil structure with potential to impact organism activity, water retention capacity and nutrient retention. There is also possibility of contamination of soil from leakage and spillage during handling and storage of fuels and chemicals. The land within the project corridor will be directly impact due to removal of topsoil, compaction and spillage of chemical. If there will be any preexisting contamination on land the soil will be treated for disposal as per requirement of the EMA, 2004 and ESS 4 of WB ESF. Clearing of vegetation during extraction of construction materials is also likely to cause soil erosion in pits and quarries. Soil erosion will occur because vegetation and topsoil are either Page | 333 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) removed or disturbed, leaving behind loose soil, which is too poor to sustain good plant growth and resist erosion due to surface runoff. The impact is likely to be worse if borrow sites are located on steep slopes and near a water course, because higher velocity of runoff is likely to transport loose material to the water course causing serious sedimentation. The impact due to soil erosion will be direct, moderate, reversible, and long term . Impact to Wildlife Areas As noted earlier, the railway track is crossing through some wildlife corridor such as Mkata corridor and Wami Mbiki northern Selous. The presence of the corridors within the project triggers WB’s ESS6 since there might be killing of the wildlife by accident or poaching by the construction workers. Addition to that If borrowing and quarrying of materials is done within the wildlife habitats, the unreinstated borrow pits and quarries will become accident black spots for wild animals. This will rise requirement of the WB’s ESS 6 which recognizes that protecting and conserving biodiversity and sustainably managing living natural resources are fundamental to sustainable development. Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial. The impact will be cumulative direct, moderate, long term, and irreversible. Impacts Related to Blasting, Drilling and Rock Excavation Blasting is used to loosen or break up rocks for removal. Blasting will involve drilling of rock and loosening rock with the aid of explosives. Potential environmental impacts will include dust (air quality), contaminant spills, sedimentation, safety (workers, storage), fly rocks, and debris, noise and explosive detonation effects on people, and structures. The negative impact will be direct and indirect, moderate and short term . 6.3.3.5 General Earthworks during Truck and Culverts Construction railway track side soil erosion Truck side soil erosion will occur because, vegetation will be cleared, and top soil will be removed/ disturbed, leaving behind infertile soil, which is too poor to sustain good plant growth and susceptible to wind and water erosion. Where earth works involve materials cuttings or cut embankment (construction across a hill). But where earth works involve material filling (construction across a flood plain or a river), the truck sides slope away from Page | 334 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) the road. In both cases, the trackside slopes will be prone to shallow mass movements or development of gullies. As noted in above sub-sections, the project traverses floodplains areas see figure 6.1 (i.e., at Kilosa Gulwe, Godegode, etc.). Thus, the construction of high fill embankments or elevated bridge will be necessary across these flood plains. The embankments are prone to shallow mass movements and formation of gullies. Erosion of the embankment will undermine the truck road and thus will activate the requirement of the WB’s ESS4 since it may cause health risk to the users. The negative impact will be cumulative direct, moderate, long term, and reversible if appropriate mitigation measures are not put in place. Page | 335 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 6.1: Flood Risk at the Project Area Page | 336 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Displacement and Loss of Properties Most of the properties along the project are located outside the RoW. Nevertheless, there are a few that are located within the RoW. These will have to be demolished/ impacted with the project activities during construction works. The properties consist of graves, buildings, land, and crops. WB ESS5 notes that even if people are compensated it may be difficult for them to get comparable sites. Some are within prime business areas and it could be difficult for these people to obtain similar sites and if they manage to do so it might be at a high cost and customers might be difficult to get. Additionally, there are difficulties of adjusting to new areas and for older people who are uprooted it will result in increased stress and even early deaths. The issue of settlement is thus an area of potential conflict between the people and the government and has social, political, and legal implications. The negative impact due to displacement will be direct, moderate, long term, and irreversible. Disruption/Destruction of Public Utilities and Service Chapter four has given details of public utilities that are likely to be affected by the rehabilitation of the project these are electric power lines, domestic water supply pipe lines and water storage tanks, and telecommunication lines see figure 6.2. Page | 337 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Figure 6.2: Water supply pipe crossing the project site at Iyumbu A number of domestic water supply pipelines either run very close or cross the project in several settlements along the railway track. The pipelines, domestic points, and open traditional wells are likely to be disrupted by earthworks during the railway track upgrading where also referring the WB’s ESS4 the community health might be triggered if there will be contamination to the water supply pipes or sources. The impacts will be negative, cumulative direct, moderate, short term, and reversible. Disruption of telecommunication and electrical lines Electrical and telecommunication lines are found all along the railway track. The WB’s ESS3 requires efficient use of energy to contribute to sustainable development. Construction activities, in particular areas are likely to disrupt the cable and cause serious interference to electrical and communication and data transfer. The scenarios will lead to the use of alternative sources of energy that may likely to cause pollution to the environment. The impacts will be negative, cumulative direct, moderate, short term, and reversible. Generation of Noise and Vibrations by Construction Equipment Earth moving, compaction, and other construction activities will generate noise and vibrations due to reactions between earth and the equipment. Movement of the machinery, equipment, Page | 338 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) and trucks will also generate noise and vibrations. The noise and vibrations generated will agitate and impair audio communications at settlements along the project. The noise impact will also be felt by construction workers and locals. Referring WB’s ESS6 other impacts of noise and vibrations will be scaring/ disturbance of wildlife in WMA and forest reserves because noise and vibrations will: I. Interfere with animals’ behaviors due to restriction of their free movement II. Interfere with animals’ home range (grazing, resting, and water drinking area) III. Cause animals to migrate IV. Cause animals to hesitate to migrate through animal migration route, especially if stationary equipment is located near migration corridor The impact will be cumulative direct, reversible, of moderate significance, for short periods near dwellings and wildlife areas during the day and evening. It is a residual impact since it cannot be mitigated fully. Deterioration of Ambient Air Quality by Dust and Fumes Deterioration of ambient air quality will be due to production of fumes from exhaust from stationery as well as moving construction machinery and equipment. The emission will involve SO2, NOX, CO, and CO2. Considering WB’s ESS2 and ESS4 the impacts due to fumes will affect residents along the project area as well as construction workers. In addition, moving of earth as well as movement of construction machinery and vehicles will generate clouds of dust. Although dust is a permanent feature along the project during the dry season, it is likely to increase beyond the current levels due to increased traffic volume and movements. Apart from nuisance, excessive dust level can negatively affect human health. Dust can cause several bronchial problems, including URTI (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection). In addition, dust particles can affect the growth the crops and other vegetation. Dust abrading leaf surfaces, dust blocking stomata (clogging of pores) of plants, dust increasing the amount of absorbed incident radiation. These are just several different impacts dust can have on vegetation and plants. But overall, the effects seem to be a reduction in photosynthetic abilities, the result of which can be stunting their growth due to shading effect and clogging of the plant's pores. Page | 339 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) The negative impact will be direct, of moderate significance for short periods near active construction sites and dwellings during the day and evening. The impact will be residual as it cannot be mitigated fully. Generation of Solid and Liquid Wastes Among the wastes that will be generated during construction are: I. Topsoil and cleared greens from along rivers, existing railway track and general clearing works Excess (spoil) material, excavated from the track, II. Demolition materials from existing railway track structures, concrete (from demolished concrete culverts), and steel reinforcements (from demolished culverts), etc. III. Material wastes such as sand, fill material, aggregates, gravel, concrete etc. IV. Sanitary wastes from project staff working outside the campsite V. Apart from impairing the scenic and visual quality of the project site, the wastes generated are likely to cause the following impacts: VI. Pollute surface water resources if exposed to surface runoff VII. Cause waterborne or airborne diseases (sanitary wastes) if improperly disposed of The negative impact will be cumulative direct, moderate, reversible, and short term as disposal of solid and liquid wastes shall be part and parcel of the construction activities of the project. Road Traffic Congestion and Accidents During the construction phase, increased project activities will increase traffic volume as well as movements. These activities will cause traffic congestion and disruption; and possibly accidents to the nearby communities. Moreover, the WB’s ESS4 shall also triggered along materials stock routes, and specifically at railway track crossings, especially village/settlements centers, road where accidents may occur during construction phase. Other accident black spot areas are where school pupils and students have to cross the project example at Igandu area where there is Igandu Primary School. Page | 340 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) The negative impact due to pressure on traffic and road safety will be cumulative direct, moderate, reversible and long term since they will span over construction as well as operation phase of the project. Increased Consumption of Energy and Natural Resources Energy will be consumed to operate construction machinery and equipment as well as other transportation facilities. More energy in the form of fuel and lubricants will be consumed during the construction stage of the project. In addition, pressure on natural resources will increase due to increased consumption of natural resources in the form of fuel wood and charcoal which will trigger WB’s ESS3. Past experience by the Environmental Expert in the supervision of railway track construction projects has shown that some Contractors have tendencies of cutting/ using firewood as a source of energy for cooking. In addition, Contractors cut trees to make railway track markers pegs, claiming that the pegs have been made from trees cleared from railway track side or borrow pits. If not prevented to do so by the Engineer, it is likely that Contractors will cut trees from the forest protected areas as well as other unprotected forests to make marker pegs which is contrary to the National Laws and WB’s ESS6. The impact will be indirect, moderate, short term, and reversible. Resource Use Conflict Presence of worker’s camps is potentially a source of social and environmental problems as a result of interaction of local people and workers in the project area. Conflicts between the two groups of people may result due to sharing of social services, like water resources for domestic and construction activities, especially when it is considered that drinking water is scarce in the project area. The negative impact will be cumulative direct, moderate, and short term. Reduction in River Flows Abstraction of water from the seasonal rivers for construction works, including dust suppression is likely to reduce the discharges of rivers and so affect the flow rate for other users in the downstream. Referring WB’s ESS3 the use of water from rivers located within wildlife protected areas discussed for construction works will affect the availability of drinking water for wild animals. Similarly, the use of water from these rivers across villages for Page | 341 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) construction works; especially during the dry season when their flows are low, will deprive the local people of their access to drinking water, especially when it is considered that drinking water is very scarce in the project area. This is likely to create conflicts between the contractors and the local communities. The impact will be negative, cumulative indirect, moderate, short term, and reversible. Deterioration of Visual and Scenic Quality Increased traffic movement and speed will increase the generation of dust. Clouds of dust generated by construction equipment will impair visual quality, making the site prone to traffic accident. The generated dust will impair visual quality due to discoloration of vegetation and buildings along the railway track. Another source of deterioration of visual and scenic quality will be cuts across hills. The cuts will impair visual and scenic quality if the cuts are located across settlements. The impact will be negative, direct, moderate, reversible, and short term . Construction of Cross Drainage Structures Construction across water courses will encompass among others demolition of existing and construction of new culverts. The following impacts are anticipated: I. Riverbanks Erosion during Riparian zone Construction Works across rivers, drainages, and in the riparian zones during the construction of culverts is likely to disturb or cause losses of vegetation along their banks and riparian zone, consisting of natural and exotic riverine trees. Since all the existing bridges and culverts will be replaced with new ones, all the water courses across the project will be substantially affected because significant earthworks will be carried out along their riparian zones. The impact due to riverbank erosion and sedimentation of river systems due to work across rivers and in the riparian zone will be direct, moderate, reversible, and long term. II. Surface Water and Soil pollution During construction of culverts, pollution of river systems and soil may occur due to sedimentation, accidental spillage of hazardous material such as concrete, fuel, and oils from Page | 342 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) construction equipment. Spillage of hazardous material to water courses is potentially very detrimental to aquatic fauna such as fishes so that it may trigger the requirement of WB’s ESS6. Though one cannot predict the location or type of spillage, any spillage to water will be local in nature. This is an unwelcome possibility. Deposition of concrete and fine sediments during construction across the permanent rivers and other semi-permanent rivers is likely to affect fish (though very few) and their habitats. Works in the river systems, such as piling and dredging may cause fish mortalities due to entrainment in excavator’s buckets etc. The negative impact due to water and soil pollution will be direct, moderate, long term, and reversible since once it has occurred; it will take long term for the ecosystem system to regenerate itself. III. Modification of Surface and Ground Water Regime Surface water flow modification Construction of fill embankments will be necessary across all the flood plains. In addition, construction of bridges and culverts across the rivers discussed will involve construction of fill embankment. Construction of railway track fill embankment across the flood plains and rivers is likely to impede or interfere with natural surface water flow patterns, whereby concentrating flow in the upstream, resulting into flooding, soil erosion, channel modification, and sedimentation of streams/rivers far from the vicinity of the railway track. Another potential impact with the surface water flow could be diversion of riverbeds. IV. Generation wastes Apart from spoil material, the other types of wastes that will be generated during construction of cross drainage structures will include demolition material such as concrete and reinforcements bars (from old pipe culverts), old culverts, and hard stones (from protection works). These wastes if not properly disposed of will create an eye sore to by passersby. The impact will be direct, moderate, long term, and reversible. Page | 343 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Impacts on Wetlands The proposed Railway line passes across wetlands in various areas. Wetlands and aquatic ecosystems are very sensitive to soil erosion and soil dumping which would result in accumulation of sediments and high turbidity of the water. High sediment loads and increased turbidity has potential to block light from the sun into the water in wetland. When light no longer penetrates the turbid water, it suppresses growth of aquatic plants, leads to die-off of fish and aquatic invertebrates, and creates effects to many dependent food chains this impact will trigger the requirement of the WB’s ESS6. This impact will occur in wetland areas such as the wetland along Mkondoa River, Godegode and Msoga area. 6.3.3.6 Construction of trackside drainage Systems Increased Risk of trackside soil erosion Where the railway track traverses through hilly topography with steeper slopes, gullies may easily be formed along ditches, drainage channels, as well as culverts. Formation of such gullies may, apart from destroying farmland and crops beyond the drainage, undermine the railway track itself. Where the track traverses in more or less flat topography, drainage may appear to be difficult. Depending on the adjoining terrain, there may be a need to extend the drainage to longer distance or creating soak pits. This will result into not only increasing construction costs but also clearing vegetation cover. The negative impact due to increased risk of trackside erosion will be negative cumulative indirect, moderate, irreversible, and long term . Disruption of Community Access to their Dwellings and Business Areas During construction, disruption of community access to their business activities and residential places at all settlements along the railway track will occur due to creation of barriers. One of the potential barriers is the construction of railway track side drainages. The impact of these barriers would be an increase in travel time for local residents to their business and residential areas. This is related with WB’s ESS4 and will be indirect, moderate, reversible, and short-term negative impact. Page | 344 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.3.3.7 Concrete Works Health Problems Associated with Handling of Cement and Wet- cement Products Construction of bridges, culverts and lined trackside drains will expose workers to cement and wet-cement products (mortar and concrete). Construction workers working with cement and wet-cement products are likely to be affected by URTI due to inhaling cement dust and dermatitis infection due to prolonged contact with cement and wet-cement concrete this will trigger the requirement of WB’s ESS2 . Cement has constituents that produce both Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) and corrosive effects (from alkaline ingredients such as lime) and sensitization, leading to Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) [from ingredients such as chromium VI]. Allergic Contact Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin typically manifested by erythema, mild edema, and scaling. ICD is a nonspecific response of the skin to direct chemical damage that releases mediators of inflammation predominantly from epidermal cells. A corrosive agent causes immediate death of epidermal cells, manifested by chemical burns and cutaneous ulcers Allergic Contact Dermatitis is an allergic response (immunological response) of the skin as a result of exposure to a chemical. Chemical exposures that may result in allergic contact dermatitis include epoxy resins, chromates, rubber chemicals, amine hardeners, and phenol- formaldehyde resins. Findings indicate that cement and wet-cement products (e.g. concrete and mortar) should be treated as hazardous materials, and that workers handling such products should reduce exposure wherever possible. OPC contains varying amounts of hexavalent chromium (Chromium VI), a known carcinogenic, and toxin hazardous to skin, eyes and lungs. Skin contact The hazards of wet cement are due to its caustic, abrasive, and drying properties. Wet concrete contacting the skin for a short period and then thoroughly washed off causes little irritation. But continuous contact between skin and wet concrete allows alkaline compounds to penetrate and burn the skin. Page | 345 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) When wet concrete or mortar is trapped against the skin may cause skin burn or skin ulcer. Cement dust released during bag dumping can also irritate the skin. Moisture from sweat or wet clothing reacts with the cement dust to form a caustic solution, which has a burning effect to the skin. Allergic skin reaction Some workers become allergic to the hexavalent chromium in cement. A small yet significant percentage of all workers using cement will develop an allergy to chromium, with symptoms ranging from a mild rash to severe skin ulcers. In addition to skin reactions, hexavalent chromium can cause a respiratory allergy called occupational asthma. Symptoms include wheezing and difficulty breathing. Workers may develop both skin and respiratory allergies to hexavalent chromium. Studies have shown that it is possible to work with cement for years without any allergic skin reaction and then to suddenly develop such a reaction. The condition gets worse until exposure to even minute quantities trigger a severe reaction. The allergy usually lasts a lifetime and prevents any future work with wet concrete or powder cement. Eye contact Exposure to airborne dust may cause immediate or delayed irritation of the eyes. Depending on the level of exposure, effects may range from redness to chemical burns and blindness. Inhalation Inhaling high levels of dust may occur when workers empty bags of cement. In the short term, such exposure irritates the nose and throat and causes choking and difficult breathing. Prolonged or repeated exposure can lead to a disabling and often fatal lung disease called “silicosis”. There is a link between crystalline silica exposure and lung cancer (ibid). Soil and Water Pollution by Concrete Slurry and Concrete Wastewater Concrete works during construction of culverts of the railway track side drains is likely to cause leakage of concrete slurry. Concrete slurry will pollute soil and affect the growth of Page | 346 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) young trees which are also contributing the existence of ecological system in many areas. In addition, there is a likelihood of the concrete slurry to find their way to rivers either directly during construction of culverts or through storm water system, especially when concreting is done when raining the scenarios will trigger the requirements of the ESS3 and ESS6. Lime is a major component of cement and is found in all concrete products. It dissolves in water to produce an alkaline solution that will burn and kill fish, insects, and plants. Water that comes into contact with unset concrete or concrete dust quickly increases in alkalinity and will be highly toxic to aquatic life. Notably, concrete wastewater has a pH of 12 -13 and is as toxic as bleach, while the pH of freshwater is between 6 and 7. Concrete wastewater causes burns in a similar way to a strong acid. A single bucket of concrete wastewater will easily kill hundreds of fishes. In addition, leakage of concrete slurry to railway track sides is likely to cause soil pollution and so killing or stunting the growth of young trees, especially regenerating ones. TRC through project consultant will make sure that contractor consider requirement of national Laws as well as WB- ESF. The negative impact due to soil and water pollution is weighed to be cumulative direct, moderate, reversible, long term. 6.3.3.8 Operations of a Construction Camp WB’s ESS 2, ESS4 and ESS6 on Operations of a Construction Camp applies because of the possible impact on from the site office, worker’s accommodation, mechanical workshops, site stores, medical clinic, as well as sanitary facilities operations as narrated in the following sub-sections. Generation of Solid and Liquid Wastes Operations of camps (offices, workshops, storage yards, and kitchens) will generate the following wastes: I. Solid wastes such as plastic and glass containers, steel and aluminum cans, used tyres, used lead-acid batteries, used oil and fuel filters, litter, used printer cartridges, used metal plastic parts, food wastes, II. Liquid wastes such as used motor oils and grease, battery acid, grey and black waters III. Biohazard wastes such as syringes, needles, pharmaceutical products packing material Page | 347 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) The concern here is their management. If they are not properly managed, treated, or disposed of, they will impair aesthetic quality of the campsite, cause soil, and/ or ground water. Unsafe disposal of biomedical wastes will pose health hazard to any person coming into contact with it. The impact will be direct, moderate, reversible, and short as well as long-term. Fire and Explosion Risks Activities at mechanical workshops during repair and maintenance of construction equipment poses a risk of fire or explosion, although minor. Small quantities of flammable liquids and compressed gases will be stored and used. Liquids will include fuels (petrol, diesel and, paints, and cleaning solvents). Compressed gases will include oxy-acetylene (for welding and cutting). The impact will be direct, moderate, irreversible, and short term. Risks of Leakage of Hazardous Materials The project will utilize a number of chemicals during construction and maintenance of construction equipment. Some of the materials will have to be transported from outside the project area, and will therefore require special attention in their transport, handling, and storage. Such materials will include different grades of lubricants (oils, grease etc.), fuels, and all other forms of hydrocarbons compounds, paints and solvents, brake fluids, battery acid. Leakage of such chemicals poses a risk of soil contamination as well as surface and groundwater pollution. The impact will be direct, moderate, irreversible, and long term since when it occurs, clean-up of chemicals, apart from being very expensive, will take long time. Generation of Human Sanitary Wastes Among the wastes that will be generated at the construction camps will be sanitary wastes from construction workers. If sanitation facility is not provided for, they are likely to relieve themselves in the bush causing outbreak of waterborne diseases such as dysentery and diarrhea. The impact will be direct, moderate, short term, and reversible. 6.3.3.9 Marital and Social Conflicts The WB’s ESS2 and ESS10 applies to this due to the fact that the project will employ number of people who will one way or another interact themselves or with the surrounding communities. Thus, there will be a possibility to increase marital and social conflicts because Page | 348 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) of increased interaction. Project workers with extra earnings could be the sources of conflicts as they engage in extra-marital affairs. The impact will be cumulative indirect, moderate, and short term. 6.3.3.10 Increase in unwanted Pregnancies The project crosses in number of schools and villages characterized by the people of different gender with different age groups. Regarding to WB’s ESS4 It is believed that the project workers will interact with the mentioned groups in many social arenas that could lead to the mating which will result to the Increase of unwanted pregnancies. This will be cumulative indirect, moderate, and short-term negative impact. 6.3.3.11 Poaching of Wildlife by Construction Workers Apart from disturbance by noise and vibrations that will interfere with wildlife crossing range, another impact to the wildlife protected areas which is contrary with WB’s ESS6 will be those related with illegal hunting or poaching by project workers. The impact will be indirect, moderate, short term, and reversible 6.3.3.12 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards The WB’s ESS2 and ESS4 applies to the project because of the possible impact during Mobilization, construction, demobilization phase of the project activities since there might be a possibility of exposer to workers, visitors, and the general public to different Occupational Health and Safety hazards as described below: Physical Hazards I. Falling of people, objects or materials Working at height during construction of camps (e.g. roofing and block work), construction of box culverts, working above excavation will expose workers to fall hazards resulting into physical injury or fatal accident. In addition, the public will be exposed to excavation fall hazard, especially if the worksite is not physically separated from the surrounding. Similarly, workers working below height (during construction of camp and culverts) and by passers will be exposed to physical injury due to possible fall of object or material from height. Page | 349 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) II. Stepping on or striking against objects Hazards associated with stepping on objects will result from mainly poor housing keeping at work sites and lack of personal protective gears. Hazards will include being punctured by sharp objects (e.g. nails or any other metallic material) left on the ground and tripping/ tumbling on object. III. Manual Handling Injury -– Overexertion While handling construction materials manually (e.g. lifting concrete block, cement bags, etc.), workers are likely to be affected through spraining and strains due to over exertion. The effect of which may be to have musculoskeletal injury (total, back injury, upper and lower limb disorders). IV. Workers being struck or Crushed by Mobile Equipment Project workers working near mobile equipment such as overhead crane, excavator, articulated crusher, concrete mixer, dozer, grader, wheeled loader, dump truck, etc. or members of the community near such equipment will be exposed to physical hazards due to the possibility of being hit, entangled, or crushed by the equipment during their operations. V. Transport Operations of equipment transporting materials etc. will expose workers and members of the community to traffic accidents. VI. Vibration Continuous exposure of the hands to high frequencies of vibrations from tools such as pneumatic hammers, concrete breakers, drills, and chipping hammers cause most common injuries (called vibration white fingers). It starts with a slight tingling or numbness in the fingers and eventually causes whiteness to the tips. The attack may last for about an hour and end with a sudden rush of blood to the affected tip, often causing considerable pain. Page | 350 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) VII. Noise Prolonged exposure to high noise levels from plant and machinery on site or in workshops likely to cause irreversible damage to hearing. The general acceptable sound level upper limit in 85 dB (A), where the sound is reasonably steady and exposure is continuous for 8 hours. Electrical Shock Hazard A number of stationery construction and workshop equipment will be operated by electricity. Examples of such equipment include stone crusher plant, concrete batch plant, cement- stabilized material mixing plant (pug mill), steel reinforcement workshops machines (bar bender, bar cutter, etc.), and workshop metals machines. When control panels of this equipment are not well insulated, exposed, or not earthed or their cables are poorly insulated, will expose workers to electrocution hazard. Health Hazards Construction activities, involving the use of different construction materials will expose workers and the public to health hazards. Health hazards can be categorized into chemical health hazard (due to liquids, dusts, gases, and fumes), physical health hazards to (due to heat, noise and vibrations, compressed air, and manual handling), and biological health hazards. Chemical Health Hazards Contact with Skin Dermatitis is the most occupational skin disease. This will result from exposure to wet cement or cement product Inhalation of harmful Chemicals Inhalation of harmful chemicals causes the following respiratory diseases: I. Silicosis (lung scaring) due to inhaling silica dust and commonly found in many rocks, granite rock, aggregates, sand. Inhalation of dust (including cement dust) also causes asthma II. Headache, nausea, dizziness, and loss of co-ordination due to inhalation of carbon dioxide from internal combustion engines exhaust, carbon dioxide welding, especially Page | 351 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) when working in highly confined space). Headache, dizziness, and vomiting can also be caused by inhalation of solvent vapors. Solvents are used in a wide range of products, which are likely to be used in the construction activities such as adhesives, sealers, paints, solvents, lubricants, and lacquers. III. Drowsiness, vomiting, loss of muscular control, including death due to cadmium poisoning through breathing of cadmium fumes, released during cutting, welding, or brazing operations of cadmium plated steel (especially in confined space). Fatigue, anemia, colic or wrist-drop due to lead poisoning through breathing lead dust or lead fumes lead poisoning, resulting from demolition of (cutting and burning) old structures covered in lead-based paint. IV. Metal-fume fever – a flu-like illness due to inhalation of complex welding fumes from the welding parent metal and its coatings. In addition, zinc fumes are evolved from the welding, brazing, and flame cutting of galvanized steel. Breathing them may cause zinc- fume fever Biological Health Hazards The likely biological hazard during construction will be drinking of unsafe water, eating contaminated water or food contaminated with rat urine. The diseases that are related with unsafe water are water borne diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, and amoebic dysentery Another health hazard will be due to exposure to ionizing radiation. Exposure to ionizing radiation will result from the use of a nuclear gauge, which contain radioactive materials and therefore emits ionizing radiation. 6.3.3.13 Increased risk of communicable diseases and burden on local health services: The influx of people may bring communicable diseases to the project area, including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or the incoming workers may be exposed to diseases to which they have low resistance. This can result in an additional burden on local health resources. Workers with health concerns relating to substance abuse, mental issues or STDs may not wish to visit the project’s medical facility and instead go anonymously to local medical providers, thereby placing further stress on local resources. Local health and rescue facilities may also be overwhelmed and/or ill-equipped to address the industrial accidents that can occur in a project site. Page | 352 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Increased spread of communicable disease from construction workers to the local people during and after the construction is one big potential challenge that has been addressed in the WB’s ESS4 and has to be taken into consideration during and after the construction of the railway track. The negative impact is likely to be moderate, long term, and irreversible. Other risks and mitigation as per EHS-Guidelines The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines for Construction Materials Extraction provide guidance on mitigating the environmental and occupational health and safety risks associated with the extraction of construction materials. Below are the risk as per the EHS guidelines for the project and their mitigation 1. Air Emissions: • Risk: Dust emissions can be particularly high during material handling, crushing, and screening operations. Blasting activities can release particulate matter and gases into the air. • Mitigation: In addition to dust control measures, contractor can use alternative materials or modify processes to reduce dust generation. Monitoring programs to assess air quality and ensure compliance with emission limits should be established. Regular maintenance of equipment and vehicles is crucial to minimize emissions. 2. Water Quality and Quantity: • Risk: Extraction activities can generate runoff and sedimentation, leading to water pollution. Excessive water extraction can deplete local water sources, impacting ecosystems and nearby communities. • Mitigation: In addition to sediment and erosion control measures, Contractor should implement water management strategies such as recycling and reuse systems. Monitoring programs to assess water quality and ensure compliance with standards should be established. Engaging with local communities and water resource management authorities is essential for sustainable water use. Page | 353 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 3. Soil and Land Degradation: • Risk: Excavation, surface disturbance, and improper land management can result in soil erosion, loss of topsoil, and degradation of land resources. • Mitigation: In addition to soil erosion control measures, constructor should implement measures to restore and rehabilitate land after extraction activities. This may involve re-vegetation, soil stabilization, and contouring to reduce erosion risks. Regular monitoring and evaluation of land rehabilitation efforts are essential to ensure their effectiveness. 4. Occupational Health and Safety: • Risk: Workers involved in extraction activities can be exposed to various hazards, including noise, vibration, hazardous chemicals, and working at heights. Accidents and injuries can occur due to equipment malfunction, falls, or contact with moving machinery. • Mitigation: Contractor should develop and enforce comprehensive health and safety programs, including hazard assessments, job-specific training, and the provision of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Regular monitoring and auditing of safety practices are necessary to maintain a safe working environment. Emergency response plans should be in place to address potential incidents. 5. Biodiversity Conservation: • Risk: Extraction activities can result in habitat loss, fragmentation, and destruction of ecosystems, leading to the displacement or extinction of plant and animal species. • Mitigation: Conducting thorough biodiversity assessments prior to extraction can help identify sensitive areas and species. Contructor should implement conservation plans that include measures to protect habitats, promote ecological connectivity, and restore disturbed areas. Engaging with local conservation Page | 354 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) organizations and experts can provide valuable guidance in developing effective biodiversity management strategies. 6. Community Health and Safety: • Risk: Nearby communities may experience health risks due to increased traffic, noise pollution, exposure to dust and emissions, and potential accidents related to extraction activities. • Mitigation: Contractor should engage with local communities and stakeholders to address their concerns and mitigate potential impacts. This can involve establishing communication channels, conducting regular meetings, and providing information on health risks and protective measures. Implementing traffic management plans, noise barriers, and emission controls can help minimize impacts on local communities. 7. Waste Management: • Risk: Extraction activities generate various types of waste materials, including overburden, tailings, and solid waste, which, if not properly managed, can contaminate the environment. • Mitigation: Contructor should develop waste management plans that prioritize waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. Proper disposal of hazardous waste in accordance with regulations is crucial. Implementing control measures to prevent spills, leaks, or releases of waste materials is essential. Regular monitoring and reporting of waste management practices can help ensure compliance and identify areas for improvement. 6.3.4 Demobilization Phase NEGATIVE IMPACTS DURING DEMOBILIZATION 6.3.4.1 Generation of Solid Wastes Wastes from site office, mechanical workshop, pre-cast yard, and stores at the end of the construction phase are likely to cause scenic degradation, pollution and become an eye sore. The wastes likely be generated will include demolition materials from temporary structures, Page | 355 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) storage facilities (pallets), packing (plastic bags, paper and timber boxes), wastes from pre-cast yard (concrete wastes, metal reinforcements etc. The impact will be i ndirect, minor, short term, and reversible since it disposal of solid and liquid wastes shall be part and parcel of the construction activities of the project. 6.3.4.2 Deterioration of Ambient Air Quality Demobilization, demolition, collection, and transport of demolition wastes will generate dust. The WB’s ESS2 and ESS4 recognizes that the dust generated will affect health of workers at the site as well as residents in place of the trucks move across settlements. The impact is negative, gauged to be direct, moderate, reversible, and short term. 6.3.4.3 Loss of Employment and Economic Activities at the End of the Project At the completion of railway track construction activities nearly all workers will be declared redundant and will therefore be laid off. This will automatically result into loss of income. In addition, traders who had established along the railway track during construction of the project will no longer be able to trade, this will affect livelihood of the traders. The impact will be indirect, moderate, short term, and reversible . 6.3.4.4 Noise generation During demobilization the activities such as transportations, demobilization activities etc. will produce noises to the surrounding environs. The WB’s ESS2 and ESS4 recognizes that the dust generated will affect health of workers at the site, neighboring communities and other organisms. The impact is gauged to be negative, cumulative direct, moderate, reversible, and short term 6.3.5 Operation and Maintenance Phase POSITIVE IMPACTS DURING OPERATION/ MAINTENANCE PHASE 6.3.5.1 Improved Hydrology and Drainage The WB’s ESS3 related to this impact due to the fact that the r ehabilitation of the project will improve the drainage, due construction new culverts, as well as track side drainage with adequate hydraulic capacities as that of SGR. Sedimentation of culverts and railway track side drains will be reduced due to provision control devices and cover vegetation. Sediment carrying storm water runoff from the railway track will be discharged away from the track by Page | 356 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) drainage channels. Water stagnation within and on railway track sides will be eliminated. Given the fact that during rainy season part of the existing track was either impassable or passable with lots of difficulties, given proper operation of the facilities, the operation of the track will have a major positive, direct, and long-term impact on the hydrology and drainage of the project. 6.3.5.2 Reduction in Vehicle Operating Costs The WB’s ESS3 related to this impact due to the fact that p oor track condition imparts extra stress on motor train engines (higher engine revolution per unit time) and so faster engine wear. In addition, improvement of the existing track will result into serving in mileage per litre of fuel as train will be able to travel at relatively higher speeds. Improvement of travel speeds due to upgrading of the track will therefore reduce operating and maintenance costs of train locomotives. This will be direct, major, and long-term positive impact. 6.3.5.3 Reduced Rate of Energy Consumption The project will increase the transportation of the Cargo in the rail way line which seems to be easy than Road. It will also consume small amount of fuel, safe and smoothen way compared to the use of vehicular tracks on the Road way as suggested in the WB’s ESS3. Energy consumption rates for vehicles operating on the railway can be differentiated by comparing changes in traffic operations, as measured by vehicle kilometres travelled and changes in traffic speed. Fuel consumption is proportional to distance travelled, and decreases as speed increases up to about 100 Km per hour (on average). Fuel consumption increases as speed increases above that point. This will consequently lead to decreased consumption of energy per unit distance in the form of fuel. This will be a cumulative direct, major, and long-term positive impact. 6.3.5.4 Reduced Traffic Accidents Improvement of the railway track will involve improvement of the crossing in major cities this will including increasing in radii of curves and provision of speed restraining humps especially at accident black spots, will significantly improve the safety of the road users, the result of which will be reduction in accident rates this impact triggered the WB’s ESS4 as the matter of fact that community exposure to risks and impacts from the project will be minimized. The impact will be direct, major, and long term, and irreversible. Page | 357 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.3.5.5 Reduced Travel Time, and Comfort to Passengers Upgrading of the railway track will significantly reduce travel time, since vehicles will be able to travel at higher speeds. It is estimated that the travel time will be reduced to almost one third of the present travel time. The served travel time could be used to other productive ventures. In addition, though cannot be quantified, upgrading of the railway track will improve comfort to passengers, due to the absence of corrugations. It is most likely that better passengers’ buses will be ply ing the routes. The impact will be direct, major, positive, and long term since it will be felt throughout the operation phase of the project. 6.3.5.6 Increased interaction of people drives for social change with Indigenous Population The WB’s ESS 7 on Tribal/Indigenous Population applies to the project because of many areas (to mention few are Ngerengere, Manyoni, Itigi, Kayombo, etc.) along the project area are inhabited by some indigenous people such as Maasai, Mang’ati , Parakuyo, Akie and Barabaig, unlike in urban centers where there is a mixed group of people from all over Tanzania. In migrants are either business people or employees by government or in informal sector. In such situation it is difficult for people to be innovative since no new ideas and experience can easily penetrate in the community. Upgrading of the project will encourage people from other parts of the country to live in the area where Tribal/Indigenous Population are also available. In migrants will come with new ideas into the project area. Such opportunity will create room for social transformation for both groups, share values, and adopt new cultures and diffusion of cultural values suitable for development. The positive impact will be cumulative indirect, moderate, and long term . 6.3.5.7 Increased investment The project area has potentials for agriculture, livestock keeping and forestry. It is anticipated that the improved railway track will attract many investors to invest in the above-mentioned areas; this will have a multiplier effect on the availability of other services such as hotels, schools and medical services. This will be an indirect, moderate long term positive impact. 6.3.5.8 Access to and increased Farm Produce to Markets All the villages along the railway track are known for the production of such crops as maize and sunflower. Upgrading of the railway track will have positive impact on crop production Page | 358 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) and productivity. This will lead to increased profit margins for both farmers and traders further contributing to food security in the area and beyond. In addition, upgrading of the railway track will enhance the transportation hence enable local people to find more paying markets outside the area. For this reason, they can sell agricultural produce at better prices and increase household income and therefore increase their capability to afford other basic needs. Apart from agriculture and tourism, the project passes through an area with such opportunity’s forestry and mining. The im pact will be direct, major, and long term . 6.3.5.9 Impact to Forest and Wildlife Areas i. Improved Management of Wildlife and Forest Areas The upgrading of the railway track will trigger the WB’s ESS6 due to the fact that the re will be an accessibility to forest and wild life corridors as other open areas with wildlife by management authorities. This will improve their response to emergencies and combating illegal harvesting of forest products as well as poaching activities. Similarly, improved transport will facilitate the movement of other authorities (District Forest and Game Officers) and so improve monitoring and management of the protected wildlife and forests. The positive impact due to improved management of the protected resources will be indirect, major, and long term. ii. Improvement of Tourism Industry Rehabilitation of the project is in line with various Government policies that promotes tourism development in Tanzania. The Tourism Policy of Tanzania promotes high quality – low volume tourism, which is focusing on the development of infrastructures that will attract high paying tourists. Upgrading of this project will have a significant influence in increasing tourist activities in the Selous Game Reserve and Mikumi Area as the rail way track crosses nearby the Mikumi and Selous Game Reserve therefore it may be easy for tourist to use the train and dropping to the stations which are nearby those tourist areas. The impact due to improvement of tourism will be indirect, moderate, and long term . Page | 359 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NEGATIVE IMPACTS DURING OPERATION/MAINTAINANCE 6.3.5.10 Increased Pressure on Natural Resource Improved transport due to the rail upgrading is likely to increase the influx of people to the project area, which will result into more demand for timber and land, as people tend to establish new settlement and agricultural lands. The resultant effect will be increased clearing of vegetation. The negative impact will be indirect, moderate, reversible, and long term . 6.3.5.11 Increased Noise and Vibrations Pollution Improvements of the railway track will definitely result into higher utilization of the track and so higher traffic volume will be generated. Since railway track propagates noise and vibrations much more effectively compared to gravel and loose soil, upgrading of the railway track will increase noise and vibrations will increase. Increased noise and vibrations will likely to change behaviors of wildlife as they will be disturbed/ scared this will trigger the requirement of the WB’s ESS6. The increase in noise and vibration impacts due to operation of the railway track is anticipated to be direct, long term, irreversible, and minor . The impact due to noise and vibrations cannot be mitigated by the ensuring proper buffer zone from project site and receiving receptors also by ensuring the project has planted with trees in the buffer zone. 6.3.5.12 Facilitation of Poaching and Illegal Logging Poaching and illegal logging presents a threat to the wildlife in the protected areas or Forest Reserve. Upgrading of the railway track will facilitate illegal harvesting of wildlife and forestry products from the wildlife and forestry protected areas example wild life corridor Wami – Mbiki and Pugu nature reserve where this will trigger the WB’s ESS6. The improved railway track will encourage or facilitate poaching, (for personal consumption and sale to third parties) due to improved mobility. Upgrading of the rail will also promote illegal logging as it will be easier for illegal loggers to transport the wood from forest reserves. The impact will be indirect, moderate, long term, and irreversible. 6.3.5.13 Encroachment Past experience has shown that local communities along the railway track have a tendency of carrying out activities (like agricultural cultivation) other than those intended for the railway track reserve. Normally any railway track has a reserve, which is utilized for other infrastructure including water supply system, installation of electric, and telephone poles, Page | 360 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) though the area is under TRC. Other users have to get permission from TRC to be able to utilize the railway track reserve. However, communities have the tendency of using the railway track reserve for farming and other economic activities resulting into soil erosion and eroding the railway track. These have a negative impact on the sustainability of the railway track. The negative impact will be indirect, moderate, and long term . 6.3.5.14 Reduced Economic Activities at Closure of the Project Traders will establish trading activities points along the route during construction of the railway track, but as construction activities come to a halt, the traders will not be able to trade, this will affect livelihood of the traders. The impact will be indirect, moderate, and short term. 6.3.5.15 Interference with Smooth Traffic Flow Maintenance activities will interfere with smooth traffic flow due to the increased number of construction trucks. The negative impacts of this are gauged to be insignificantly small will include interference with smooth flow of traffic and effects related to acquisition, storage, processing, and application of construction materials and their equipment. The impact is gauged to be direct, insignificantly minor, and short term. 6.3.5.16 Deterioration of ambient air quality due to Emissions from Vehicles/train This relates with the WB’s ESS2 and ESS4 as Trains operation are significant sources of pollution that can damage the environment and pose public health issues. Everyone has a stake in limiting pollution. Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons are released when fuel is burned in an internal combustion engine and when air/fuel residuals are emitted through the vehicle exhaust pipe. Gasoline vapours also escape into the atmosphere during refueling and when fuel vaporizes from engines and fuel systems caused by vehicle operation or hot weather. The impact is long term for the train operation as long as they are normally operated in the corridor. The pollutants in vehicle emissions (during operation and maintenance) are known to damage lung tissue, and can lead to and aggravate respiratory diseases, such as asthma. Motor vehicle pollution also contributes to the formation of acid rain and adds to the greenhouse gases that cause climate change. Page | 361 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Pollutants emitted directly from vehicles/trains are not the only cause for concern. On warm, sunny days, hydrocarbons react with oxides of nitrogen to create a secondary pollutant, ozone. In many urban areas, motor vehicles are the single largest contributor to ground-level ozone which is a common component of smog. Ozone causes coughing; wheezing and shortness of breath, and can bring on permanent lung damage, making it a cause of crucial public health problems. The impact will be direct, moderate, long term, and reversible. 6.3.5.17 Contribution to climate change effect due to emission of Green House Gases Increased traffic volume during the operation phase of the railway track will increase the generation of Green Houses Gases (GHGs), particularly CO 2 and N2O exhaust gases, the result of which will be contribution to greenhouse effect, global warming, and so climate change. The railway track upgrading will cause amount of greenhouse gases generated by vehicular traffic /trains to increase. Since quantities of vehicular exhaust emissions are roughly proportional to the traffic volume, the rate of greenhouse emission increase will be proportional to the rate of traffic volume increase due to railway track upgrading over the same period of time. Global warming has several effects on earth. The following effects of the global warming are relevant to the requirement of the WB’s ESS3 and ESS6 proposed project: i. Global warming effects on animals: A large number of animal species will disappear from the planet, owing to the loss of habitat triggered by global warming. ii. Global warming effects on plants: Drastic changes in temperature levels will cause various plant species to experiencing difficulties in adapting to the new climate. The growing season of some plant species will be altered, which in turn will disturb their reproduction cycles, thus giving a drastic blow to the plant population. Even the changes in precipitation patterns can lead to hazardous effects on various plants species. A global warming effect on agriculture is the best possible example one can give to explain the effects of global warming on plants. Frequent rains will lead to flooding, whereas less rain will result in drought, both of which will only lead to the destruction of agricultural fields. Page | 362 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) iii. Global warming effects on weather: Increasing temperatures will lead to adverse effects on weather as well. Even minor alterations in global temperatures will trigger a series of weather extremities, and alter the climatic patterns of the planet. On one hand, heating of the ocean due to global warming gives rise to ferocious hurricanes, while more than the normal temperature on land gives rise to intense heat waves. Higher temperature leads to faster evaporation of water and leads to drought in one part, and brings in heavy rain falls and causes flooding in other part of the world. iv. Global warming effects on sea levels: One of the most grievous among the various global warming effects on earth is the rise in sea levels, which are threatening to encroach up on land. If the sea levels rise it will result in a watery grave to several low laying areas. Rising global temperatures are causing the water bodies to heat, expand, and thus encroach on land. v. Global warming effects on humans: Human will be the worst affected beings because directly or indirectly we are dependent on all the above-mentioned components of the environment. Animals and plants are related to each other, extinction of either will put tremendous pressure on other, eventually leading to its extinction. Humans, in turn, are dependent on both for many purposes, so extinction of animals or plants will also affect humans to a great extent. vi. Global warming effects on economy: Global warming will affect the economy of various countries. The most affected would be the countries with agriculture-led economy. Global warming will trigger a series of changes in weather conditions which will take a toll on agriculture and allied activities. Owing to unnatural precipitation pattern, crop failure will become a very common phenomenon. Economies dependent on tourism will also bear the brunt of global warming. The impact due to contribution of the project to global warming during the operation phase cannot be mitigated at the project level. Like anywhere else, an effort by the government by enforcing relevant legislation are enforced to ensure that only railway track worth vehicles are allowed to operate on the railway track will be required. Page | 363 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.3.5.18 Contribution to depletion of ozone layer Increased traffic volume will contribute to increased depletion of ozone layer due to increased emissions of GHGs. The Earth's atmosphere is divided into five layers - stratosphere being one of them. Within the stratosphere, there lays a layer, made of a specialized form of oxygen, known as the ozone layer. The layer is made up of three oxygen atoms, contradictory to the usual two oxygen atoms. With no demarcated boundary, the ozone layer is found between 10 to 20 miles above the surface of the Earth. This layer traps the harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation emitted by the Sun, and hence plays a crucial role in supporting life on the Earth. The ozone layer is threatened by a global warming because the fall of its temperature increases the rate of its depletion. This is because GHGs trap the Sun's radiation which in turn makes the planet warmer. This actually means that the heat which is supposed to be reflected back to the space is trapped within the troposphere. When this heat is trapped, it does cause the temperature in the troposphere to increase, but at the same time, it also causes the temperature of the stratosphere to decrease. As the temperature in the stratosphere falls, the ozone molecules in this layer become vulnerable to destruction by the harmful emissions. The impact will be indirect, moderate, trans-boundary, and long term. The effect to increased depletion of ozone layer cannot be mitigated at the project level and therefore a residual impact. Reduced life span of the railway racks due to climate change Variation or increase in temperatures resulting from global warming is likely to affect the life span of the railway track. Excessive temperatures are likely to cause bleeding of expiation and contraction of railway structures if mitigation measures are not in place. High temperatures are likely to cause damages of concrete hydraulic structures, especially culverts due to expansion. In addition, flooding resulting from global warming is likely to cause serious damages to or overtopping of hydraulic structures (culverts). The impact will be indirect, moderate, trans-boundary, and long term. Page | 364 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Wildlife railway track Kills Increased traffic volume and speeds across the wildlife crossing areas is likely to cause wildlife road kills along the project access roads since the railway track will be provided with electrified fence and underneath animal crossings in the adjacent SGR embankment. This concern was also raised by district authorities and TAWA entrusted to manage the protected areas. The impact will be indirect, moderate, and long term . Premature Siltation of Culverts The railway track is going to have many culverts and bridges especially along the flood plains which are quite extensive especially in the Kilosa Gulwe segment of the railway track. Conditions created by the flood plains are likely to lead to premature silting of the culverts. The impact will be indirect, moderate, long term, reversible. Habitat Fragmentation The Rail way corridor will act as a barrier or filter to animal movement and lead to habitat fragmentation. Many wildlife species will be hesitant to cross the open and shiny space/ corridor created by the rail way track due to the threat of predation or being trapped. This barrier effect can prevent species from migrating and recolonizing areas where the species has gone locally extinct as well as restricting access to seasonally available or widely scattered resources. Habitat fragmentation may also divide large continuous populations into smaller more isolated populations. These smaller populations are more vulnerable to genetic drift, inbreeding depression and an increased risk of population decline and extinction. Other impacts as per EHS-Guideline for railway Under the World Bank Group (WBG) Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines for railways, the following operational impacts and mitigation measures are covered for fuel management, wastewater, waste, occupational health and safety (OHS), and community health and safety 1. Fuel Management: Page | 365 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) • Impact: Inefficient fuel management in railway operations can lead to increased fuel consumption, resulting in higher greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. It can also have economic implications due to higher operational costs. • Mitigation: TRC can adopt several measures to optimize fuel management. This includes investing in fuel-efficient locomotives and rolling stock, such as those with improved aerodynamics and advanced propulsion systems. Hybrid systems that recover and reuse energy during braking can also reduce fuel consumption. Additionally, implementing regenerative braking systems can help save energy by converting the kinetic energy of trains into electrical energy. Staff training programs on fuel-efficient driving practices, including speed management and proper maintenance, can contribute to reducing fuel consumption and emissions. 2. Wastewater Management: • Impact: Railway operations generate wastewater that may contain pollutants such as oils, greases, heavy metals, and cleaning agents. Improper management and disposal of wastewater can result in contamination of soil, water bodies, and groundwater resources. • Mitigation: TRC should establish comprehensive wastewater management systems. This involves the design and installation of appropriate treatment facilities to remove contaminants from wastewater. Techniques such as oil- water separation systems and sedimentation tanks can effectively remove oils, greases, and sediments. Proper storage and disposal of treated wastewater or its safe release into appropriate drainage systems should be ensured. Railways should also develop spill response plans to address accidental releases of pollutants and minimize their environmental impact. 3. Waste Management: • Impact: Railway operations generate various types of waste, including solid waste, hazardous materials, and construction debris. Inadequate waste Page | 366 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) management practices can result in environmental pollution, habitat degradation, and potential health risks to workers and nearby communities. • Mitigation: TRC should develop and implement waste management plans that prioritize waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and proper disposal. This involves establishing waste segregation systems at the source to separate recyclable and non-recyclable waste. Railways can promote recycling by providing recycling facilities and encouraging staff to participate actively. Hazardous waste generated from maintenance, such as oils, solvents, and chemicals, should be handled, stored, and disposed of properly in accordance with relevant regulations. Construction debris should be managed through proper disposal practices and recycling, where feasible. Staff training programs should emphasize waste management practices and ensure compliance with waste segregation requirements. 4. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS): • Impact: Railway operations present various occupational health and safety risks to workers. These include falls, collisions, electrocution, exposure to noise and vibration, and handling hazardous materials. Failure to address these risks can result in accidents, injuries, and long-term health issues. • Mitigation: TRC should establish comprehensive OHS management systems that prioritize the safety and well-being of workers. This involves conducting thorough risk assessments to identify hazards associated with railway operations, including track maintenance, construction activities, and train operations. Based on the risk assessments, appropriate control measures should be implemented, such as fall protection systems, safety barriers, warning signs, and equipment guards. TRC should provide adequate training to workers on safe work practices, including the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as helmets, gloves, safety glasses, and hearing protection. Emergency response procedures should be developed and communicated to workers, along with regular drills to ensure preparedness. Page | 367 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 5. Community Health and Safety: • Impact: Railway operations can impact the health and safety of nearby communities. These impacts include noise and vibration, air pollution from locomotives and maintenance facilities, and the potential risk of accidents. • Mitigation: TRC should implement measures to address community health and safety concerns. Noise and vibration control measures can include the installation of noise barriers, insulation of buildings, and the use of low-noise track materials. Implementing speed restrictions in residential areas and employing quieter technologies can also help reduce noise impacts. Monitoring air quality and controlling emissions from locomotives and maintenance facilities can mitigate air pollution. This can involve the use of cleaner fuels, emission control technologies, and regular maintenance of locomotives and equipment. TRC should engage with local communities through communication and consultation programs, providing information on health risks and addressing concerns. Developing and practicing emergency response plans, including coordination with local emergency services, can help manage potential accidents and ensure prompt and effective response 6.4 Alternative analysis Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) aims to identify alternate project options and should be conducted during project design and planning stage in order to identify cost ‐effective alternatives, reduce adverse impacts and risks, improve performance and validate the appropriateness of the selected option. The proposed project passes through different environmental and socio-economic aspects that may influence the route alignment, construction methods, rolling stock, traction technology, type of carriageway, materials and services, etc. This chapter presents a comparative analysis between several alternatives considered to avoid or minimize environmental and social impacts. Page | 368 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.4.1 Alternatives analyzed prior to ESIA 6.4.1.1 With or Without Project Scenario The ‘with’ or ‘without’ project scenarios are a major consideration of the cost‐benefit analysis of a project. Providing better and faster connectivity across TRC will ensure that goods and people can move in and out of the areas more efficiently. The project is expected to spin off increased trade and commerce activity throughout the corridor as the project has been designed to connect the various urban economic growth centers within the country. Without this project, it is expected that there will be an increase in air pollution, due to slow moving traffic and congestion. Travel will take longer thus impacting productivity and reducing the economic growth of the area. Overloading of existing transport infrastructure will also affect safety and lead to loss of human life due to increase in accidents. Benefits of the improvement of central Rail way line under TIRP 2 project over the other mode of transportation are presented in table 6.10. Table 6.10: Comparison between with other mode of transportation Parameter Rail way line Other mode of transportation (Road/ Air/ Water way) Cost Rail transport can be cost Cost of transportation is effective. Shippers who convert long-haul high freight from road to rail, can save 10-40%. Rail has lower fuel costs compared to road transport, especially when shipping a high volume of freight. Environment Shipping via train is more environmentally A lot of fuel resulting to friendly. Trains burn less fuel per ton mile the pollution of than trucks. environment are burned Haulage Trains are capable of hauling large loads. To haul a lot of load is Trains can handle high volumes of freight. difficult In fact, one double-stacked train can hold Page | 369 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Parameter Rail way line Other mode of transportation (Road/ Air/ Water way) approximately the same amount as 280 trucks. This can be very beneficial for shippers with large loads. 6.4.2 Proposed alternatives The preliminary assessment of the environmental and social impact of the project alignment has observed the different scenarios as depicted in the table 6.11. Page | 370 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 6.11: Alternative per scenario S/N Existing Scenario Picture presentation Proposed alternative Rail passing to low Rail way location areas with high level of should be changed siltation example or raised above Godegode Rail passing to the area Rail way location with high level of soil should be changed erosion example at or raised above Kidete and Mkadage where there is Mkondoa River which runs parallel with the rail way Rail Passing to the bank Rail way should be with Stone falling shifted from the example at Muguru existing corridor or the bank should be Page | 371 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) S/N Existing Scenario Picture presentation Proposed alternative protected with gabion Page | 372 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.4.3 No Project Alternative Alternatives assessment was conducted using a simple cost-benefit analysis, through assessing various environmental attributes, which include physical (geology and soils, surface water quality and quantity, groundwater quality and quantity); biophysical (flora and fauna, sensitive environments); and social attributes (site of archaeological or cultural importance, land use issues, social health and welfare). The impact of each alternative was then evaluated in terms of whether it has a positive, negative, or no impact. In this instance, the impact is not evaluated in terms of significance but rather whether or not it will arise. Positive impacts are assigned a value of 1; No impact a value of 0; and A negative impact a value of -1. By adding all of the attribute scores for each alternative, a suitability score is derived that indicates the preferred alternative. A total positive score indicates that the project benefits outweigh the potential negative impacts, while a total negative score indicates the project environmental costs outweigh the potential benefits. Essentially, the highest scoring alternative is then carried forward for full impact evaluation. The potential impact of the preferred project option on environmental and socio-economic attributes identified during the assessment phase is evaluated against the potential impact of the No-Go option on the same attributes. The summary of this assessment is provided in the Table 6.12. Table 6.12: Development vs. No-Go option decision table ATTRIBUTE DEVELOPMENT NO-GO OPTION OPTION Physical environment Landscape and Visual -1 0 Air Quality -1 0 Water contamination 0 0 Aquifer Depletion -1 0 Page | 373 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) ATTRIBUTE DEVELOPMENT NO-GO OPTION OPTION Noise Pollution -1 0 Vibration -1 0 Public Health Hazard -1 0 Biophysical environment Fauna and Flora 0 0 Sensitive Environment 0 0 Social environment Enhanced income, 1 -1 employment opportunities and local business Employment Opportunities 1 -1 Infrastructure development 1 -1 Impacts on local, regional 1 -1 and national economy Traffic 0 0 Safety and security 1 -1 TOTAL -1 -5 From the table above, the development option is preferred over the No-Go option, as derived from comparative analysis. Most of negative impacts in the Development options when mitigated or when the technology used is eco-friendly, they will lower down the impact to the environment, then -1 is more likely to be reduced compared to the -5 of No-Go option. 6.4.4 Alternative site The project proponent had only one site for the proposed construction/ rehabilitation. Hence there was no assessment of an alternative site rather than changing technological options of the rail or bridges available along the entire corridor so that to minimize the impacts. Page | 374 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 6.4.5 Energy Alternative Assessment of alternative technologies, process and materials for this project is the key component to ensure feasibility and sustainability of the project. The proponent is planned to use power from TANESCO, however the analysis of available alternative technologies conducted shows that the most prominent alternative source of energy is diesel generator and photovoltaic (PV) system as the backup energy in case of emergency. The initial investment cost of PV system may seem to be quite higher compared to diesel generator but in a long run it has better cost implications and environmental benefits compared to diesel generator. 6.4.6 Alternative for Kilosa Gulwe Flooding Area Among other permanent solutions and alternatives provided to encounter the disturbing and flood related problems to this location are; Raising rail track embankment relying on the obtained highest flood level from hydrological analysis. This will enhance adequate headroom and freeboard and minimize flooding and related risks on embankment and installed structures; Design and Installation of drainage structures and water ways associated by adequate erosion control measures; Construction of sedimentation ponds which will increase the hydraulic efficiency of installed structures which are negatively affected by sedimentation process. In this aspect, The Government has established a multi-agency Technical Committee from 15 Government Agencies to lead the assignment towards a permanent solution for addressing the flood challenge in the Kilosa - Gulwe section. The team comprises members from the Vice President's Office, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development (MoLHHSD), Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MoLF), Ministry of Water (MoW), Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and TRC. At this stage, the Team has prepared a draft Terms of Reference (ToRs) for conducting a feasibility study and design of flood relief structures (ponds) at the Kinyasungwe catchment area. Provision of sufficient side drains, and any other drains such as mitre drain where deemed necessary Page | 375 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Contribution to Climate Change The Climate Science community sources a suite of global climate models to help decision makers understand the projections of future climate change and related impacts. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change – is the leading and most accredited source of the models. At the moment, the IPCC has released (and is in the process of finalizing) the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), which is a compilation of several separate reports from different work groups; as below: i. AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis [August 2021] ii. AR6 Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability [February 2022] iii. AR6 Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change [April 2022] iv. AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2022 [September 2022 ] From the above, it is clear that the details from the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) are the latest, recent and still in finalization stages, as for the AR6 Synthesis Report. However, the current Climate Projections model, i.e., the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) is already available included in the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Reports (AR6), and was referenced from Tanzania Climatic Projections [to 2100] The model offers key and current projected climate trends for Tanzania (as well as the world at large) for the period of the current 21 st Century. Upon finalization of extraction of the projection details from the model, the results will be presented, discussed and summarized. For the purpose of this stage of the study, the projections of the previous model, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5) , are provided as below: Temperature Page | 376 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) More warming is projected over the Western side of the Country, whereby a warming of up to 3.4°C is projected by year 2100. A warming of less than 1.76°C for year 2050 and 3.28°C for year 2100 is projected over parts of the Northern Coast regions and North-Eastern Highlands. A warming in excess of 1.77°C for year 2050 and 3.3°C for year 2100 is projected over the Lake Victoria zone. A warming in excess of 1.39°C for year 2050 is projected in Central Tanzania zone. And a warming of 3.18°C for year 2100 is projected for the southern coast including Mtwara and Lindi regions. Precipitation Rainfall projections indicate that some parts of the Country may experience an increase in mean annual rainfall of up to 18-28% by year 2100, particularly over the Lake Victoria Basin and North-Eastern Highland. The South Western Highlands and Western Zones of the country are projected to experience an increase in annual rainfall by up to 9.9% in year 2050 and by up to 17.7% in year 2100. The North Coast Zone is projected to have an increase of about 1.8% in year 2050 and 5.8% in year 2100 while the Central Zone is projected to have an increase of up to 9.9% in year 2050 and up to 18.4% in year 2100. The Southern Coast Zone is projected to have a decrease of up to 7% in year 2050 and an increase of annual rainfall of about 9.5% in year 2100. Adaptation to Global Climate Change in the Project Since the project area is located from the Eastern through the Central to Northern part of the Country, it is projected to experience an increase in annual rainfall by up to 9.9% in year 2050 and by up to 18.4% in year 2100, then, the design of proposed solutions and alternatives will take into consideration quarterly increase in storm events, where by increment in terms of 10 years, 25 years, 50 years and 100 years depending on life span of structure or railway Page | 377 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) facility will be multiplied by current storm event to simulate future scenario due to climate change. Ensuring the capacity of all drainage structures take care of multiplied increment factor see table 6.13; This is according to the current Climate Projections model, i.e., the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) included in the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Reports (AR6), referenced from Tanzania Climatic Projections [to 2100] Table 6.13: Climate factor adopted for Design life Structure Type Design Life Adopted factor (years) Pipe Culvert 50 1.099 Box Culvert 50 1.099 Bridge 100 1.184 The aforementioned factors have to be incorporated in the hydrological analysis and eventually, the hydraulic design/sizing of the drainage facilities to be constructed in the project. Climate resilience design Climate resilience as defined as the capacity for a system to: (1) absorb stresses and maintain function in the face of external stresses imposed upon it by climate change and (2) adapt, reorganize, and evolve into more desirable configurations that improve the sustainability of the system, leaving it better prepared for future climate change impacts. In accordance with African Development Bank Information, African countries have experienced more than 1,400 weather recorded disasters. These disasters have killed more than 600,000 people and about 460 million people were left homeless. Therefore, in order to alleviate the impact of climatic change, the alternatives proposed by the Consultant has and will at all levels of project implementation incorporate all climatic change stressors with emphasis placed on the proper return periods and climate change projections in design of drainage structures as well as timely maintenance of the railway lines including its drainage structures and embankments. Up the time of the study a climate and disaster risk assessment study of the Dares Salaam to Isaka Railway line was about to Page | 378 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) commence. The results and recommendations from this study will be incorporated in the ESMP of this ESIA. Therefore, the design will adopt engineering measures to reduce the impact of climate change during design and construction of the project railway so as to ensure that tracks become climatic resilient such that can retain its passability after both periodic and extreme climatic events such floods etc. the listed below are the likely climate changes to occur which may affect the embankment and structure design: Decrease in precipitation and longer drier periods Increase in extreme weather events Increase in wind speed It should be noted that, the proposed recommendations from the results of Climate Resilience study will be incorporated to update the ESMP for implementation. Screening for climate and disaster risks The aim of climate screening assessment is to identify the current and future climate disaster risks that might impact the project at hand. This have been adopted as a guide in carrying out consultations for project area studies. Figure below shows screening procedures extracted from WBG screening tools see figure 6.3. Figure 6.3: Steps to screen for climate and disaster risks Disaster and climate risk management approach For an infrastructure to be designed following disaster and climate resilience approach the Consultant has focused much on the type of hazard to be addressed (and to a lesser extent, Page | 379 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) the type of infrastructure). With this approach the following two extremes have been considered to effectively undertake the tasks; i. At one extreme, infrastructure will be designed to be climate resilient through appropriate engineering practice and updated design standards, with increased safety factors and appropriate details. ii. At the other extreme, climate modelling data are translated (such as through hydrological modelling) into locally specific risks to inform infrastructure planning and design1. At this extreme appropriate modelling results are used to inform infrastructure (and non- infrastructure) choices. In contrast with the Standards-led infrastructure delivery approach, the adopted resilience led infrastructure delivery approach by the Consultant involves the general understanding of risks and climate resilience which basically set the context for decision making with (risk and climate) modelling sufficiently interpreted to inform investment choices and selection of alternative solutions. Resilience of infrastructure, economic resilience, resilience of communities and sustainable livelihoods, wider service systems and economic resilience are considered together. Considering all of these factors necessitates risks to be perceived from the point of view of affected communities. Under the climate resilience design approach carried out by the Consultant, the main performance components of design (used in the whole process of decision making) in relation to the possible hazards caused by the change of climatic conditions are comprised of; Redundancy where spare capacity with increasing diversity of options is of most importance such that one fails to perform as required others that serve similar functions can substitute and take their place. 1 This will address the increased uncertainty associated not just with individual hazards, but with the probability that different risks occur together. For example, increased frequency, severity and variability of wind surge and flooding events can combine with earthquake event to create a greater impact, which may furthermore be greater in the future, either within or beyond the design life of an infrastructure or wider infrastructure system. Page | 380 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Safe failure which involves designing the facility in such a way that when one component fails it does this progressively with minimal disruption to other parts of the facility and network. Flexibility where a designed facility is able to change and evolve in response to changing conditions Robustness where the intended capacity of the designed facility to withstand expected stresses and shocks to a level that is designed tolerable and cost effective Possible Hazard to be caused by change of climatic condition and proposed solutions Increase in rainfall is likely to cause the following hazards to the project road as shown in table 6.14; Table 6.14: Possible hazards caused by change of climate (precipitation) and proposed solutions. POSSIBLE Problem Proposed solutions Flooding, excessive surface Provide sufficient side drains, and any other drains such as water miter drain where deemed necessary Installment of additional drainage structures Raising of rail track embankment Softening of the surfacing Use of appropriate surface seals materials Blockage (siltation) of drains Use of wide and deep drains and sedimentation Construction of sedimentation ponds Loss of strength of layer Provide camber and wide side drain such that the surface materials runoff can be taken out of the road as rapidly as possible Damage to surface dressing Damage to pavement and embankment edges Blockage (siltation) of drains Use wider and deep drain Erosion of unpaved shoulder It is proposed to pave the shoulder Increased slope instability During the design check the short term and long-term slope stability Page | 381 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) POSSIBLE Problem Proposed solutions Saturation and weakening of The design of the embankment will be done using 4 days the embankment layers soaked CBR Erosion of soil surface and Soil will be tested for depressiveness, also the flow velocity drains will be computed using manning formula, if the velocity will be found to be more than 2 m/s, the side drains will be concrete lined. Embankment erosion The embankment will be top soiled, also if the embankment, if possible, will be made of shallow slop of at least 1:3, steeper slope, if possible, will be avoided Blockage (siltation) of drains Use wider and deep drain Expansion and cracking of Expansively potential of the subgrade soils will be volumetrically unstable investigated, if the soil will be found to be expansive, the materials pavement will be designed following standard procedures as given in Pavement and Materials Design Manual Collapse and settlement of During site investigation, collapsible potential of soil will be collapsible soils investigated Softening of pavement The pavement will be designed using four days soaked CBR support materials Deformation of rigid The bridge structures will be designed such that the structure settlement is limited to maximum of 25 mm Erosion in railway reserve The railway reserve will be planted with grass in case of bare land so as to reduce the impact of erosion Endangering the pier and The proposition of protection works relying on the expected abutment foundations with flow velocity and runoff discharge at extreme events. scour; Damaging approach The design of embankment drainage. embankments on bridges; Scour caused by changes to The proposition of protection works relying on the expected the river channel upstream flow velocity and runoff discharge at extreme events. or downstream of the bridge site Page | 382 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Hazards related to increase in temperature is tabulated in table 6.15; Table 6.15: Possible hazards caused by change in temperature and proposed solutions. possible problem proposed solution More rapid drying out the We propose to use surface dressed road road Increased cracking of clay The clay layer will be protected using fill material of good layer quality, by overlaying the clay soil with suitable fill material, the moisture variation within the soil layer will be minimized, in so doing, the cracking potential of the clay soil will be controlled Drying and cracking Earthwork layers will be overlain with suitable material to minimize embankment evaporation of moisture Increase in erosion due to Grassing in area where vegetation will be lost during road loss of vegetation construction, pay item for grassing and environmental mitigation measure will be provided in the BoQ Page | 383 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER SEVEN 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 Introduction The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) (see table 7.1) for this project is intended to set forth “environmental and social conditions” that are to be abided by the proponent (TRC). It aims at ensuring effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. Therefore, the Contractor shall also develop their own C-ESMP before any construction begins. 7.2 Roles and Responsibilities 7.2.1 TRC TRC is responsible for the overall implementation, administration, and enforcement of the recommendations of the ESIA. TRC Environmental Section shall: Ensure that the ESMP provisions are included in all tender documents issued for construction work and activities on site and shall monitor/enforce that the Contractors abides by the specifications thereof, Coordinating the implementation of the ESMP by the contractors, Provide NEMC with reports on environmental and social compliance as part of their annual progress reports and annual environmental monitoring reports. 7.2.2 Supervising Consultant The supervising Consultants (Engineers), who will be supervising the construction works, will be responsible for overall project management. The Consultant will be responsible for ensuring day to day implementation and compliance with the portions of EMPs relevant to their specific tasks. The Engineer will ensure that the Contractors provide appropriate training for their staff on the ESMP and HSMP. The Contractor will be responsible to ensure that all site personnel fully understand both the objectives of the ESMP and details of the plan that are relevant to their individual tasks. The Contractor will therefore be obliged to provide appropriate training to their staff. To ensure effective implementation of the mitigation measures, the Engineers shall deploy an Environmental Specialist (ES), Health and Safety Specialist and a Social Specialist (SS) for Page | 384 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) regular monitoring of day-to-day implementation of ESMP. The ES and SS shall as well be responsible for ensuring reporting of implementation of the measures is completed in accordance with the requirements. 7.2.3 Contractor The contractor will have contractual obligation to ensure the control and limitations of disturbance to the project site, routes, and its surrounding environment and communities during the construction cycle of the project. The contractor shall therefore be required to comply with the ESMP requirements. Within 45 days upon notification of contract award, the contractors shall prepare and submit a site-specific Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP) and Land scapingPlan (LSP). The plans shall describe measures that shall be followed by the Contractor to protect the environment, public, local communities, workers, and ecological habitat in proximity to the project working areas. The ESMP and LSP shall describe in a detailed manner specific actions and measures that will be required by the main contractors and their sub-contractors as appropriate, in order to comply with minimum with the commitments made by this ESIA. 7.2.4 National Environment Management Council The National Environment Management Council National (NEMC) is the main responsible agency for foreseeing development projects carried out in the United Republic of Tanzania adequately address environmental and social issues during the lifetime of the program. NEMC shall therefore: Ensure ESIA is carried out appropriately in accordance to ESIA guidelines, Review ESIA and all its related subproject documents to warrant or refuse to issue an environmental permit, Periodically carry out or assign an independent evaluator to carry out compliance monitoring in cases when claim has been raised from any member of the community, Community Based Organization, or Non-Governmental Organization on the negative impacts of the project. During monitoring, the District Environmental Officer shall accompany NEMC or an independent evaluator. Have the power to request for compliance report on ESMP and take necessary measures including fines to enforce compliance of the ESMP. Page | 385 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 7.2.5 Local Government Authorities Local government authorities through appointed Environment Management Officers shall therefore perform the following tasks: Ensure the enforcement of EMA, 2004 in the respective area to which it belongs; Advise the environment management committee to which it belongs on all matters relating to environment; Gather and manage information on the environment and utilization of natural resources in the area; Promote environmental awareness in the area he belongs on the protection of the environment and the conservation of natural resources. 7.2.6 Communities along the project corridor Local communities along the project corridor shall therefore perform the following tasks Act as an informer whenever there is any burden want to appear in the project, Supporters to the implementation of the project as they will be hired as causal or skilled labor, Helpers in case of the cultural or social issues in the project. 7.2.7 NGOs NGOs along the project corridor shall therefore perform the following tasks Rising awareness to the communities regarding to the project, Rising awareness on the environmental protections, Community sensitization on gender, HIV, Safety and COVID 19 issues. 7.3 Awareness and Education The Contractors shall encourage environmental awareness among his foremen before and during implementation of the railway line. The education will include: Provide copies of the ESMP and discuss its contents with all construction foremen, Discuss techniques and answer questions about erosion and pollution control at regular site safety meetings, Page | 386 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Demonstrate proper housekeeping methods, Inform the foremen of actions to take in the event of spill of hazardous materials (oil, fuel, concrete, etc.), Post sign at key locations reminding foremen how to properly store construction materials, handle and dispose of toxic wastes, wash water, and similar instructions. Remind foremen of fines, penalties that may be levied against the project by the local permitting agencies control environmental destruction is not adhered to. Page | 387 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 7.1: Summary of Proposed Environmental and Social Mitigation Plan NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Mobilization Phase Establishment i. Creation of In adherence to the WB TRC, 6 months 300,000,000/= of employment Environmental, Health, and Safety Contractors Construction (EHS) Guidelines, priority of Engineers, Campsite employment is given to the local village people Contractor Complies with governments, Labor Relations Act Wages paid to workers are in accordance with WB- ESF_ESS2 and Government Notice No. 196 of June 2013 which state Contractor shall not employ workers who are below the age of 18 years ii. Loss of vegetation • Unnecessary removal of TRC, 6 months 120,000,000/= at campsite or in vegetation shall be avoided and Contractors, any construction where needed; prior to any Engineer, local site nearby or construction activity, a specific authorities, Page | 388 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) around critical biodiversity assessment to habitat identify and important biodiversity hotpsots including natural and critical habitats before any vegetation clearance is done. • Minimize the footprint of construction activities in these areas to reduce disturbances • Establish buffer zones around critical habitats to prevent direct impacts from construction activities • Prohibit heavy machinery and other disruptive operations within these zones. Page | 389 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) • Biodiversity Management Plan to be developed and implemented within the identified biodiversity sensitive areas. • Cleared vegetation shall be replaced by original species during reinstatement due to closure of the camp and material borrow areas and Top soil shall be stockpiled to be used for re-vegetation process. iii. Deterioration of Water shall be sprinkled regularly on TRC, 6 months 6,000,000/= scenic and visual diversion, access, and railway track Contractors, quality across settlements. Engineer, local authorities, Page | 390 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) New borrow pits shall be located at least 100 from the railway track so as to comply with ESS3 of the WB-ESF iv. Generation of According to the World Bank TRC, 6 months 30,000,000/= noise and Environmental, Health, and Safety Contractors, vibrations Guidelines adopting operational Engineer, local practices like scheduling noisy authorities activities during off-peak hours, maintaining equipment to minimize vibrations, and providing personal protective equipment for affected workers can help mitigate the impact on surrounding communities and individuals. Regular monitoring and assessment of noise and vibration levels, along with effective communication and stakeholder Page | 391 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) engagement, are also essential for identifying and addressing potential issues. v. Deterioration of Sprinkling water on the access road to TRC, 6 months 15,000,000/= ambient air quality material borrow sites, use of dust Contractors, by dust masks Engineer, local authorities, vi. Risk of Traffic Limit project vehicles speeds to 60 TRC, 6 months 10,000,000/= accidents Km/hr Post warning signs at junctions Contractors, to material stock routes. Engineer, local Install speed humps and speed limit authorities, signs across routes to material stocks. Construction Phase Extraction, i. Loss of vegetation Contractor shall use existing borrow TRC, 36 months 40,000,000/= processing and farmland pits before opening new ones. Site Contractors, and delivery clearing shall be minimized. Engineer, TFS of naturally management Page | 392 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) occurring Fertile top soil shall stockpile to be and WMA construction used for re-vegetation of borrow pits. management materials All borrow pits shall be rehabilitated before TOC is issued to the Contractor by trimming slopes, landscaping, and backfilling with top soil to promote re-vegetation. Runoff control measures shall be put in place prior to opening a borrow pit. Minimum distance from a borrow pit to any water course shall be 100m. If is it necessary to open a borrow pit within forestry reserves and WMA or any other forest protected area, the Contractor shall seek approval of authority entrusted to manage it. Page | 393 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Owner of land for borrow areas shall be compensated accordingly to the satisfaction of the Engineer ii. Generation of Ensure that machinery is well TRC, 36 months 100,000,000/= noise and maintained and properly fitted with Contractors, vibrations exhaust mufflers. Ensure that workers Engineer, TFS exposed to noise level above the limit management of 85dB are equipped with ear plugs. and WMA Prevent blasting of rocks at quarry site management during the night. One day advance notice given to the local community surrounding the quarry Sound siren 30 minutes before blasting Orient work face of quarry and borrow pit away from nearby settlements The Contractor shall consult management WMA and Page | 394 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) FRS management for approval of borrow pit within the game reserves No quarry shall be located within WMA or forest reserved area No borrow pit shall be pit shall be located nearby sensitive areas e.g. animal migration corridor In accordance with the World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (WB-EHSGs) measures should be implemented to address the generation of noise and vibrations. This includes adhering to noise limits to minimize community exposures and implementing appropriate mitigation measures such as using noise barriers, damping materials, and low-noise Page | 395 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) equipment. Additionally, for blasting activities, specific measures should be taken, such as conducting pre-blast surveys, employing blast design techniques to minimize ground vibrations, and implementing effective communication and notification protocols to minimize disruptions to nearby communitie iii. Deterioration of In order to mitigate the deterioration TRC, 36 months 30,000,000/= ambient air quality of ambient air quality caused by dust Contractors, during the railway rehabilitation Engineer, local project, the following measures can be authorities, implemented according to the World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (WB-EHSGs): 1) Implement dust control measures such as regular Page | 396 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) watering of construction areas, use of dust screens or barriers, and covering of stockpiles; 2) Properly maintain construction equipment to minimize dust emissions; 3) Limit construction activities during periods of high wind or low humidity; 4) Provide adequate training and personal protective equipment for workers to minimize their exposure to dust; 5) Regular monitoring of air quality to ensure compliance with applicable standards. iv. Deterioration of Water shall be sprinkled regularly on TRC, 36 months 20,000,000/= visual and scenic diversion, access, and railway track Contractors, quality across settlements. Engineer, local New borrow pits shall be located at authorities, least 100 from the railway track Page | 397 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) v. Risks of accidents If it is necessary to locate a borrow pit TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= to livestock and within protected areas, the Contractors, humans Contractor shall seek approval to do Engineer, TFS so from authority entrusted to manage management, the protected areas. The Engineer WMA shall not approve any borrow pit management within the game reserves if it has not been approved by the authority of the game reserves. Maximum depth of borrow pits shall be 3m All borrow pits shall be made self-draining All borrow pits shall be rehabilitated, slopes trimmed, and proper landscaping done before TOC is issued As much as possible, spoil material shall be spoiled in borrow pits no longer in use. Page | 398 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) The Engineer, prior to approving a new spoil area, shall make sure that there is no exhausted borrow pit nearby the proposed spoil area or there is no possibility of using a nearby borrow pit Maximum depth of quarry face shall be 10 m and quarry face shall be benched to 4m high and at least 4m wide vi. Soil erosion Unnecessary clearing of vegetation TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= shall be avoided. Control measures Contractors, for runoff (catch water drain, cut off Engineer, TFS, drain, berms and drainage swales) shall local be put in place to redirect surface authorities, runoff away from access roads Page | 399 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) The Contractor shall not open borrow pits within a buffer of 100m from a water course vii. Impact on wildlife Under any circumstances, the Engineer TRC, 36 months 5,000,000/= areas shall not approve borrowing of Contractors, materials from forest reserves and Engineer, TFS WMA if it doesn’t have the relevant management consent. and WMA Borrowing of material from village management forest reserves must obtain permits from relevant authorities. viii. Impacts related to Explosives shall be stored in licensed TRC, 36 months 18,000,000/= blasting, drilling magazines. Contractors, and rock Handling and use of explosives shall be Engineer, local excavation done by a person holding blasting authorities, certificate issued by Commissioner of Commissioner Mines. for Mines Page | 400 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Drilling sites for blasting shall be clearly marked with flags. Where possible large charges shall be divided into smaller multiple time delayed charges Equipment and machinery shall be kept in good working condition and free of fuel leaks. General i. Creation of Priority of employment is given to the TRC, 36 months 200,000,000/= earthworks employment local people. Contractors, Contractor Complies with Labour Engineer, local Relations Act. authorities, Wages paid to workers are in Commissioner accordance with Government Notice for Mines No. 196 of June 2013. Contractor does not employ workers who are below the age of 18 years. Page | 401 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) ii. Risk of social Development of a management plan TRC, 36 months 150,000,000/= conflict for social and environmental impacts in Contractors, iii. Increased risk of consultation with affected Engineer, local illicit behavior and communities; authorities crime Implementation of appropriate iv. Influx of additional mitigation and monitoring programs, population which includes development and (“followers”) implementation of a stakeholder engagement program; Establishment of a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) for workers and host community; and Monitoring and supervision, and, as needed, adaptive management actions. Consultations with and involvement of local communities in project planning and implementation; Page | 402 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Awareness-raising among local community and workers. v. Loss of vegetation Top soil shall be stockpiled on TRC, 36 months 40,000,000/= along the railway approved areas for top soiling purpose Contractors, track in the future Engineer, TFS Unnecessary removal of vegetation Manager, shall be avoided WMA Affected surfaces shall be reinstated by Manager re-vegetating with natural species appropriate to the area, 1,710 trees shall be planted to compensate for the lost trees Spoiled areas shall be vegetated with indigenous tree species as approved by the Engineer Page | 403 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) vi. Trackside soil High fills and cuts not paved or not TRC, 36 months 40,000,000/= erosion covered by permanent structures shall Contractors, be grassed Engineer, TFS Shallow fills and cuts shall be top Manager, soiled to promote grass growth Extent WMA of disturbance shall be limited and soil Manager surface shall be Stabilized, Existing vegetation shall be preserved by confining construction activities to Railway alignment, Storm water shall be diverted from undisturbed area by excavating catch water drain Long slopes shall be broken to reduce velocity of water Page | 404 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Slopes shall be maintained to minimize the velocity of sheet flow over disturbed area Barriers such as check dams, sediment traps or silt fence shall be installed to control erosion on long steep slopes adjoining water courses Kerbstones shall be installed on the edges of carriage way to direct runoff from pavement to down chutes that will be installed at determined intervals vii. Displacement and The project shall utilize only 15m right TRC, Before 50,000,000/= loss of properties of way it has therefore no structure or Contractors, commencement facility will be demolished; contactor Engineer, TFS of construction will be guided to protect peoples’ Manager, works facilities or structures. WMA Manager Page | 405 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) viii. Disruption/ Consult water supply authorities to TRC, 36 months 150,000,000/= destruction of establish exact locations of utilities Contractor, public services: within the RoW Engineer, local domestic water Work carefully not to damage authorities, supply domestic water utilities along and DWE, TTCL across the Railway track. When excavating, carefully remove pipe lines Reinstated immediately after completion of earth works in the Railway track section Provide ducts for water pipe line and irrigation channel crossing and future expansion/ extension of the existing pipe lines networks as instructed by the Engineer All costs to be borne by the project. Page | 406 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) ix. Disruption of The Contractor shall take diligent care TRC, 36 months 70,000,000/= telecommunication not to damage the lenses during Contractor, lines construction Engineer, In the event that the cable is damaged, TTCL the Contractor shall without delay Regional inform TTCL authority in the area Manager x. Noise and Avoid siting stationery equipment near TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= vibrations by sensitive sites (wildlife home range and Contractor, construction migration corridors) Engineer, TFS equipment and To address the impacts of noise on Manager, machinery (all local communities in the railway WMA along the Railway rehabilitation project, along with the Manager track) measures mentioned earlier, additional mitigation measures can be implemented. These include adhering to noise limits specified in the WB- EHSGs guidelines, implementing Page | 407 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) construction schedules that minimize noisy activities during sensitive hours, regularly maintaining construction equipment to reduce noise emissions, and providing workers exposed to high noise levels with appropriate personal protective equipment such as earplugs. These measures aim to mitigate noise-related disturbances and protect the well-being of both local communities and project workers xi. Deterioration of Project, material haul/ access roads TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= ambient air quality and diversion roads across settlements Contractor, by dust, and fumes and active construction sites shall be Engineer, (along the Railway sprayed with water at least twice a track) day. Page | 408 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Haulage trucks carrying dusty material shall be covered with tarpaulin When equipment not in use, they shall be switched off prevent the impact of fumes Contractor shall provide to workers dust masks and ensure that they are used xii. Generation of Green cutting and top soil to be used TRC, 36 months 50,000,000/= Solid and liquid to cover cleared land to promote Contractor, wastes vegetation. Excess top soil will be used Engineer, in the reinstatement of borrow pits Metal wastes collected by NEMC certified metal scrap collectors for recycling. Used oil filters (with metallic housing) to be hot drained and collected by Page | 409 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) NEMC certified companies for recycling. Used lead-acid batteries collected by a NEMC certified company for recycling at Yuasa battery factories in Dar es Salaam Motor oil (engine, transmission, and hydraulic oils) collected by NEMC certified company to be used as energy source in steel rolling furnaces in Dar es Salaam. Sanitary wastewater at camp disposed of by the use of water closets, septic tanks, and soak away pits, while at active construction sites will be disposed of by the use of mobile toilets or pit latrines on degradable Page | 410 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) wastes such as plastic bottles collected by NEMC certified waste collectors for recycling by plastic recycling factories Biodegradable wastes treated by composting or using as mulching agents Non-bio gradable wastes treated on site will be temporarily stored on site and transported to the municipal landfills. Owners of buildings allowed to salvage valuable demolition materials prior to demolishing Non-degradable demolition materials (e.g. cement blocks and clay bricks Page | 411 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) wastes) used to fill pits and quarries during their reinstatement Empty hydrocarbon drums collected by NEMC certified companies for recycling in steel foundries Excess concrete to be used as bottom materials during reinstatement of pits and quarries Food wastes treated by composting Used tyre be disposed of through NEMC certified companies xiii. Road traffic During construction of cross drainage TRC, 36 months 35,000,000/= congestion and structure, provide suitable temporary Contractor, accidents (all along crossing structure to accommodate Engineer, local the road crossing traffic and flow of water prior to authorities, and black spots) demolishing existing crossing. Devise proper traffic management, including Page | 412 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) deploying a traffic management personnel at all active construction sites. Provide appropriately post night- reflective traffic signs to notify the public about potential dangers. Separate working area from public traffic by providing physical barriers such (e.g. reflective barricade blocks, guardrails, reflective warning tape, and diversion roads or walkways) Use guards to protect employees and the communities from physical hazards. Shield all moving plants and machinery Install warning signs [stating HATARI (DANGER), TAHADHARI Page | 413 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) (WARNING)] to give warning on potential dangers. Install speed humps at approaches to and settlements xiv. Increased Limit unnecessary idling of TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= consumption of construction equipment and Contractor, energy and natural adequately tuning of their engines Engineer, local resources Contractor not allowed to use authorities, firewood and charcoal for cooking Contractor not allowed to cut trees to make marker pegs xv. Resource use Construction campsite to be sited TRC, 36 months 200,000,000/= conflict away from existing settlements Contractor, Camp to be furnished with all Engineer, local necessary social services authorities, Page | 414 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) xvi. Impact on Cultural Graves shall be protected in TRC, 36 months 80,000,000/= sites accordance with Grave Removal Act, Contractor, 1969 and WB-ESF Engineer, local authorities, xvii. Reduction in The Contractor shall obtain water TRC, 36 months 40,000,000/= River Flows abstraction permit from relevant Contractor, authority Engineer, The Contractor shall not abstraction relevant river water for construction not done from basin authority water resources used for domestic purposes Construction i. River bank erosion Areas adjoining rivers to be left TRC, 36 months 38,000,000/= of cross during riparian undisturbed as buffers Contractor, drainage zone construction Disturbed river banks and heads in the Engineer, structures (areas adjoining all neighborhood of box culverts shall be relevant river rivers stabilized by grassing basin authority Page | 415 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) ii. Surface water and If wells or other water sources, are TRC, 36 months 100,000,000/= soil pollution polluted, the Contractor shall Contractor, compensate for this and provide the Engineer, consumers with clean drinking water relevant river transported through pipes from an basin authority unpolluted source if required in the opinion of the Engineer As much as possible, concrete works shall be isolated from water courses Concrete handling equipment shall not be allowed near watercourses Servicing and/or re-fueling of equipment shall be restricted at the workshop Construction equipment working near riverbanks shall be well serviced to prevent oil leak Page | 416 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Excavated and other materials shall not be stockpiled near water course iii. Surface water flow Bridged and culverts shall be provided TRC, 36 months 350,000,000/= modification to ensure they are capable to sustain Contractor, possible peak water flows Engineer, relevant river basin authority iv. Modification of Boundaries of flood zone shall be TRC, 36 months 200,000,000/= Water table properly studied and used to design Contractor, (across all flood cross drains to minimize ponding on Engineer, plains for rivers) one side of embankments relevant river Fill materials shall be borrowed from basin authority borrow pits rather than adjacent to the Railway track alignment Page | 417 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) v. Generation of Concrete wastes and steel TRC, 36 months 150,000,000/= wastes reinforcement bars shall be disposed Contractor, of as described in 2(ix) Hard stone Engineer shall be disposed of by reuse sleepers shall be transported to TRC regional office for future reuse Construction i. Increased risk of In addition to mitigation measures in TRC, 36 months 90,000,000/= of rail way Railway track 2(ii): Contractor, roadside roadside soil Line drains sections with slopes Engineer drainage erosion higher than 4% shall be lined systems Unnecessary disturbance of sensitive areas like steep slopes shall be avoided Areas with steep slopes shall be extended far from the Railway track and protected by gabions Existing vegetation shall be preserved to the extent possible, by confining Page | 418 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) construction activities to Railway track alignment ii. Disruption of The contractor shall provide TRC, 36 months 50,000,000/= community access temporary/ permanent concrete slabs Contractor, to dwellings and across line drain to enable pedestrians Engineer business areas (at gain access to their business and settlements and residential premises. road junctions) The Railway track design has provided access culverts to enable motorists gain access to their feeder roads Concrete i. Health problems Use of Protective Gear TRC, 36 months 25,000,000/= works during associated with Alkali-resistant gloves shall be used Contractor, construction handling of cement Coveralls with long sleeves and full- Engineer of drainage and cement length trousers shall be used structures products Water proof boots shall be used, Dust masks and eye safety protection shall be used Page | 419 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Work practices Mix dry cement in well ventilated areas Work upwind from dust sources Use ready-mixed concrete instead of mixing on site When kneeling on fresh concrete, use a dry board or waterproof kneepads to protect knees from water that can soak through fabric Remove jewelry such as rings and watches because wet cement can collect under them Page | 420 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Hygiene Skin in contact with wet cement shall be washed immediately with large amounts of clean water Adequate hygiene facilities shall be provided on site for workers to wash hands and face at the end of a job and before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the toilet ii. Soil and water Concreting shall not do if rain TRC, 36 months 20,000,000/= pollution by is forecast Contractor, concrete Concrete slurry/wastewater Engineer wastewater shall not be allowed to enter storm water system Page | 421 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Concrete slurry and concrete waste water shall be collected or diverted to grass or bare soil. Slurry control shall be put in place before concreting is started Concrete slurry or waste water runoff shall be diverted using sandbags, soil or other materials, to a grassed area, pit or bare ground to soak in construction i. Generation of Metal wastes shall be collected by TRC, 36 months 120,000,000/= camps solid and liquid licensed metal scrap dealer before Contractor, wastes, including being recycled in steel foundry Engineer medical wastes factories in Dar es salaam Page | 422 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Wood wastes shall be given freely to local people as fire wood Plastic and glass bottles shall be collected by NEMC licensed company for recycling in plastic and glass factories in Dar Hessian and paper bags shall treat by controlled burning Waste oil shall be collected by NEMC licensed company and transported to Dar where will be used as source of energy in steel smelting factories Used lead-acid batteries shall be collected and transported to Dar es salaam by NEMC licensed company for recycling at Yuasa battery factory Page | 423 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Sanitary wastes shall be disposed of/ treated onsite pour flush toilet with soak away pits latrines Medical wastes shall be handled and disposed of in accordance with section 32 of Environmental Management (Hazardous Wastes Regulations, 2008). Medical wastes shall be handled in a safe manner before being transported to a nearby medical waste incineration facility. ii. Fire and explosion Fire extinguishers shall be TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= risks at quarry appropriately placed in the workshops Contractor, Workers shall be trained on the use of Engineer fire extinguishers Smoking in in hot work areas shall be prohibited Page | 424 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) iii. Risks of leakage of Fuel shall be to be transported in TRC, 36 months 25,000,000/= hazardous special fuel tankers equipped with fire Contractor, materials extinguishers Engineer Fuel storage tanks at the site shall be installed in secondary containment Underground fuel storage tanks shall not be allowed Fuel station equipment service bay and pits shall be concrete paved and provided with drain valve All power generators shall be kept within secondary containment to contain any oil or fuel or leak Fueling shall be done by a pump Refueling of equipment shall be closely supervised to avoid leaks Page | 425 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) If leakage occurs it will be cleaned up by absorbent materials Chemicals shall be stored in a locked place iv. Generation of Treated by pour flush toilet with TRC, 36 months 30,000,000/= human sanitary septic tank and soak pit Contractor, wastes Engineer General i. Poaching of The Contractor shall create awareness TRC, 36 months 15,000,000/= construction wildlife by on wildlife laws and regulations to his Contractor, works construction workers Engineer workers ii. Gender-Based Develop and Implement GBV and SEA TRC, Throughout the 56,000,000 Violence (GBV) plans whereby it will address the Contractor, project following: Engineer Sexual Harassment at Worksite: Page | 426 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) • Implement strict anti-sexual harassment policies with clear consequences for offenders. • Conduct mandatory training sessions on respectful behavior and zero tolerance for harassment. • Establish a confidential reporting mechanism for victims to report incidents safely. Unequal Access to Employment: • Promote gender diversity in hiring through targeted recruitment efforts. Page | 427 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) • Provide equal opportunities for training, skill development, and promotions for all genders. • Implement quotas or affirmative action programs to ensure equitable representation of women in the workforce. Mobility Restrictions: • Provide safe transportation options for female workers, especially during early morning or late-night shifts. • Implement security measures on transportation routes to ensure the safety of all workers. Page | 428 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Increased Stress and Mental Health Issues: • Provide mental health support services, including counseling, for workers affected by harassment. • Promote a supportive work environment that encourages open conversations about mental health. Lack of Gender-Sensitive Policy: • Develop and implement gender-sensitive working policy that addresses harassment, discrimination, and gender- based barriers. Page | 429 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) • Train all employees, including management, on this policy and its enforcement. Occupational Physical hazard due Prevent fall from height due to scaffold TRC, 36 months 200,000,000/= health and to fall from height or collapse by: Contractor, safety hazards being hit by falling Prevent of overloading by avoiding Engineer associated objects or materials accumulation of materials and stacking with general materials construction Carefully examine scaffold board works before use to be free from unacceptable faults e.g. as large knots, knot clusters, large splits Erect scaffold by experienced scaffolders and competent supervision Prevent fall from ladder by: Ladders used for access shall be securely tied at their upper ends Page | 430 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Make sure that ladders stand on a firm and level ground The rung and user’s footwear shall be kept clean and free from slippery mud, for example Ladders secured to prevent sway Ladders to be footed if cannot be tied at the top or secured at the bottom The ladder shall extend beyond the place of landing by at least 1 m unless adequate handhold is available Ladders with missing or defective rungs shall never be used Ladders shall always be inspected to identify defects and timber ladders shall not be painted since this may hide defects – transparent varnish or Page | 431 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) linseed oil will be used as a preservative Prevent accident due to workers working below platform beings truck by falling materials: Whenever there is any possibility of people below being struck by materials or tools falling through a gap in the working platform, on all scaffolds the boards will be laid close boarded (side by side) and end without space between the edges of adjacent boards. Workers under the platform shall wear safety helmet and shoes at all times Physical health hazard Maintain at good housekeeping at TRC, 36 months 100,000,000/= due to stepping on work sites all the time to prevent Contractor, sharp object or Engineer Page | 432 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) striking/ tumbling possible accidents due to slipping, against objects tumbling, or striking against an object Equip all the workers with steel-toe safety shoes Physical hazard due Team handling e.g. using two or more TRC, 36 months 20,000,000/= to manual handling – persons Contractor, overexertion Use mechanical aid (e.g. wheelbarrow, Engineer hydraulic crane etc.) that requires the use manual loading and unloading. Where applicable, breaking down the load into manageable components Using persons strong enough for the task to be undertaken Physical hazard due Prevent person within swivel radius of TRC, 36 months 8,000,000/= to workers being machine during excavation Contractor, struck or crushed by People in the trench shall be well away Engineer Mobile equipment from the face and those at ground Page | 433 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) level kept outside slewing radius of the machine. When the excavator operator cannot see all parts of the jib and bucket during the excavation cycle, or when the machine used as crane, to lower materials inexperienced banks man shall be used to guide the operator and to ensure that other workers remain well clear of the operation being carried out Provide all workers on-site with training in site specific safety procedures and in hazards they may encounter at the site Page | 434 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Use barriers to separate workers, pedestrians, and vehicles from moving equipment Continually evaluate safety plans to address changing conditions at the worksite Do not approach machinery without first signaling the operator to shut down the equipment and receiving acknowledgment from the operator Wear PPE that is provided, such as high visibility reflective vests and hard hats, to increase visibility Physical hazard due Ensure control panels and cabling are TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= to electrocution well insulated and earthed Contractor, Engineer Page | 435 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Fire and explosion Refer to No. 6 (impact due to TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= operation of camp) Contractor, Engineer Chemical health Refer to 5(i) health problems TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= hazard due to associated with handling of cement and Contractor, chemical contact with wet cement products Engineer skin Chemical health Refer to 5(i) health problems TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= hazard due to associated with handling of cement and Contractor, inhalation of harmful wet cement products. Engineer chemicals Physical health hazards Noise hazard shall be mitigated as for TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= stated in 3(iii) Contractor, Manual handling hazard shall be Engineer mitigated as stated in 8(iii) Page | 436 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Biological health Provide adequate sanitation facilities at TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= hazards due to work site. Contractor, drinking unsafe water Provide adequate safe drinking water Engineer and contaminated to workers at all work site food Provide food waste collection bins with lids. Dispose wastes at authorized waste collection point Biological health Obtain license to own and use nuclear TRC, 36 months 10,000,000/= hazard due to gauge Contractor, exposure to ionizing Store, transport, and use the nuclear Engineer radiations gauge in accordance with legislations Ensure that the gauge is used only by trained workers Ensure that the gauge is used in manner that protect the public as specified by legislations Page | 437 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Appoint a radiation officer, whose duties and responsibilities are as specified by the law Ensure that records of exposure to radiations by users of the gauge are kept and available for inspection by relevant authorities Increased rate A sub-contractor shall be hired by the TRC, 36 months 35,000,000/= infection of Contractor to conduct prepare and Engineer, HIV/AIDS implement HIV/AIDS alleviation Contractor, programme DEDs, Condoms shall be regularly supplied to Communities, workers NGOs, Demobilization Phase and Defect Liability Period Closure of i. Generation of Mitigation measures proposed in 2(ix) TRC, 12 months 15,000,000/= the project, Solid and liquid and 6(i) shall be applied Contractor, wastes Engineer Page | 438 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) including campsites ii. Deterioration of Water shall be sprinkling on the access TRC, 12 months 18,000,000/= ambient air quality roads to spoil and borrow areas Contractor, Transport trucks shall be covered with Engineer tarpaulin Operational and Maintenance Phase Operation of Improved hydrology Enhanced through proper and timely Government Throughout its 100,000,000/= the Railway and drainage maintenance of the Railway track of operation phase track Tanzania/TRC Reduced rate of Enhanced through proper and timely Government Throughout its 70,000,000/= energy consumption maintenance of the Railway track of Tanzania operation phase Improved access to Enhanced through proper and timely Government Throughout its 50,000,000/= social services maintenance of the Railway track of Tanzania operation phase Increased interaction Enhanced through proper and timely Government Throughout its 90,000,000/= of people drive for maintenance of the Railway track of Tanzania operation phase social change Page | 439 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Reduced transport Enhanced through proper and timely Government Throughout its 7,000,000/= and transportation maintenance of the Railway track of Tanzania operation phase costs Increased household Enhanced through proper and timely Government Throughout its 8,000,000/= income due to maintenance of the Railway track of Tanzania operation phase increased trading activities Improved quality of Enhanced through proper and timely Government Throughout its 9,000,000/= water courses across maintenance of the Railway track of Tanzania operation phase Railway track Increased noise and Cannot be mitigated at the project Government Throughout its 8,000,000/= vibrations level however, during operation phase of Tanzania operation phase there will be consideration of planting trees along some areas of the project corridor to buffer the noise level effects to be produced Page | 440 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Deterioration of Effort by government to encourage Government Throughout its 5,000,000/= ambient air due to proper maintenance of emission of Tanzania operation phase emissions by control systems, use of fuel-efficient vehicles/trains (low carbon) vehicles, and zero carbon vehicles, and introduction of carbon tax for diesel vehicles Contribution to Ensuring trucks are well maintained, Government Throughout its 80,000,000/= climate change due ensuring tracks and any other of Tanzania operation phase to emissions of machineries that might be source of GHGs greenhouse gaseous are switched off to avoid emissions. Contribution to Ensuring trucks are well maintained Government Throughout its 70,000,000/= depletion of ozone of Tanzania operation phase layer Reduced life span of Design has to consider climate zoning Throughout its 400,000,000/= railway track due to in determining the type and treatment operation phase climate change of materials. Page | 441 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Activity Impact Mitigation/ Enhancement Responsible Time Frame Cost measures Institution Estimates (Tzs) Wildlife (Flora and • Posting of speed limits and Throughout its 70,000,000/= Fauna) Railway track warning signs operation phase kills • Use of constructed wildlife crossings, such as wildlife bridges and underpasses, that allow animals to cross over or under the tracks without risk of collision NOTE • This will be as parrarel with the provisions that provided from SGR Page | 442 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 7.4 Other Requirements in the Implementation Mitigation Measures 7.4.1 Site Specific Management Plans It is recognized and appreciated that the environmental and social impacts identified and documented in this report are not exhaustive. Among others, the following are the main causes of this: Unknown sites for borrowing materials (contractually the Contractor is not bound to use the sources of materials listed in the Materials Report) Unknown location for siting construction camps, Possible change in construction methodology, Variations in type of equipment to be used, Variations in type of materials to be used for construction, Within two months after signing the Contract, the Contractor shall develop a Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan (C-ESMP) Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan (C-OHSMP), Waste Management Plan, Traffic Management Plan and Emergency Response Plan These documents shall be reviewed and approved by the Engineer andthe Employer. 7.4.2 Staffing Requirements To ensure effective implementation of the proposed mitigations measures, the Contractor shall mobilize qualified (formally trained) and dedicated Environmental and Social Manager, Sociologist, Health and Safety Manager, and Traffic Safety Officer, who shall work hand in hand with Engineer’s Environmental, Health, Safety and Social Experts (EHSS). The EHSS will guide the Contractor to ensure that ESIA, ESMP, C-ESMP, and C-OHSMP and other developed plans are implemented accordingly. The above Contractor’s staff shall be based on site and shall work on full time basis. They shall also be required to be Tanzanian citizens and will have the following duties and responsibilities: Environmental and Social Manager Develop SSEMP Ensure that the Contractor complies with ESIA, SSEMP, and other environmental and social related legislation Train workers on Contractual requirements to environmental management Prepare Contractor’s monthly Environmental and Social compliance reports Page | 443 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Sociologist Act as a liaison officer between the Contractor, local communities, and local government within the project area. The Sociologist, shall be fluent in Kiswahili and conversant with national legislations pertinent to compensations. Assist the Environmental and Social Manager in the implementation of SSEMP, in particular training workers on HIV/AIDS and training the local communities on Railway track safety issues. Health and Safety Manager Develop SSHSMP Train workers on health and safety requirements of the Contract Ensure that the Contractor complies with EIA, SSHSMP, and other health and safety related legislations Prepare Contractor’s monthly Health and Safety compliance report Prepare and implement Railway track safety awareness campaign Traffic Safety Officer Ensure that temporary traffic accommodation requirements comply with the Specifications Control and co-ordinate movement of construction vehicles Conduct induction to workers Conduct tool box meetings Train Contractor's staff in terms of Railway track safety Be responsible for erection and maintenance of all traffic signs necessary for the accommodation of traffic Human Resources Officer Provide guidance to ensure that the Contractors complies with the Labour Relations Act and regulations and other government orders. A Nurse Provide basic first aid services to Contractor’s and Engineer’s Page | 444 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Nevertheless, the Supervision Engineer/Consultant and the Borrower are required to have qualified and experienced EHSS experts in their Project Implementation Teams {PIU) with main responsibility of supervise, monitoring and training at field level ensuring compliance with Environmental and Social Standards. The Supervision Consultant shall be a full time based on sites while the Employer/Borrower shall focus on monthly and quarterly monitoring. Page | 445 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER EIGHT 8. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN 8.1 Introduction . The Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan is an objective, periodical, reliable, and continuing process of observation and assessment of environmental and social changes Baseline data should be objective of the ESIA. During implementation there will be monitoring activities to compare the pre-construction value with construction and operational monitoring data. It is therefore based on monitoring indicators, which will have to be compared with targets to gauge the effectiveness of the mitigation plans. The environmental and social monitoring plan is one of the most important elements of the ESMP and has the following objectives: Collection of environmental and social baseline data (Table 8.1) as basis for gauging the effectiveness of implementation of proposed mitigation measures To ensure that mitigation and benefit enhancement measures have been adopted and are effective To identify any negative impacts unforeseen during EIA stage and propose appropriate mitigation measures To provide information on the actual nature and extent of key impacts and effectiveness of mitigation and benefit enhancement measures 8.2 Monitoring Plan 8.2.1 Modes of Monitoring Typically, there are two basic types of monitoring: impact monitoring and measurement-based inspection, and both will be implemented in this project. Impact monitoring: Impact monitoring will record the consequences of activities on one or more environmental components. it will involve physical measurement of selected parameters or the execution of surveys to establish the nature and extent of induced changes. Measurement Based Inspection: This will involve evaluation of trends in the values of environmental and social parameters systematically measured (quantitatively and/or qualitatively) and collected, to ensure that they are within acceptable legal and technical standards. This will involve collection of samples for analysis. In this, water and air samples will be collected and analyzed. Page | 446 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) The main tools that will be used for monitoring are checklists, visual examinations, and quantitative measurements of environmental effects monitoring parameters. Written records will be kept detailing the dates that monitoring took place and the findings of the monitoring. 8.2.2 Baseline Data Collection Prior to commencement of construction activities, during mobilization phase, the Contractors shall collect and document baseline data for different environmental aspects at strategic locations: settlements, camps, quarries, borrow sites, and water courses. The baseline data that shall be collected shall include air quality (dust level), water quality (pH, turbidity), and noise levels. The baseline data collected will be used to compare environmental impacts of the “No Project” and in the presence of the project and so determine the extent of impacts caused by the project. The following table (Table 8.1) lists baseline environmental quality parameters that shall be monitored and the respective monitoring places. Table 8.1: Locations of sites where baseline data shall be collected NS. Impact Parameter Location for Data Collection 1. Dust-related air Dust levels Across settlements, borrow sites, quarries, camp sites, quality crusher plant, batch plant, active Railway track construction deterioration sites 2. Water quality Turbidity and Main rivers and streams; selected ground water abstraction pH points and campsites, major ponds/water holes 3. Noise pollution Noise level Across settlements, borrow area, quarries, camp sites 4. Vegetation Vegetation Access or diversion routes, WMAs, Forest resource cover loss cover protected areas, quarries and borrow sites 5. Soil erosion Soil cover loss, Wherever vegetation cover has been removed: access or soil loss, diversion routes, across river systems, quarry, and borrow sites, wherever earthmoving activities (cut or fill) take place, the camp site, stock pile areas, and spoil disposal areas 8.2.3 Monitoring of Environmental and Social Parameters The following table (Table 8.2.) describes how monitoring of the implementation of proposed mitigation measure will be carried out. The table lists the monitoring actions to be taken, the frequency of monitoring actions, locations where such actions are required to be taken, the units of measurement (where applicable), the target levels established and the responsible bodies. Notwithstanding the table-listed key issues, other unanticipated impacts shall also be Page | 447 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) monitored, and accordingly similar procedures for dealing with these impacts shall be followed to the satisfaction of the Engineer, the Employer, and legal provisions. Page | 448 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Table 8.2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored 1. Creation of Age of Camps, Throughout Interview Age of No workers Contractor 50,000,0 employment employees quarry, mobilization with workers under the age under 00 where, triggers Ratio of local active construction workers Percentage of of 18yrs is supervision the ESS2 of the people to constructi & and employee employed by of Engineer, world bank ESF immigrants on sites demobilizatio Contract especially the village and national employed by n phases review of non-skilled Contractors government EMA Act of the employme from the Non- skilled leaders along 2004. Contractor, nt records local workers the project Workers (payrolls) community dominated by employment Percentage of people from contract women the local Wages paid workers community to workers All workers Working hrs. have employment Contract Working hrs are in accordance with Labour relations act Wages are in accordance with GN 196 Page | 449 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored of 28 June 2013. 2. Generation of Level of dust Railway Weekly Visual Percentage of Dust Contractor 40,000,0 Dust where, Generated track and during dry observatio workers abatement under 00 triggers the ESS3 by diversion season for n Use of using dust measures are supervision of the World construction roads project, Dust Level masks in done as of Engineer, Bank ESF and activities across diversion, meter areas with prescribed communities national EMA Implementati dwellings and access Interview high Absence of along the Act of 2004 on of dust and work roads of workers Whether clouds of Railway track suppression sites Weekly and water is dust All measures Access throughout communiti sprayer on workers Use of dust roads to the year for es along the roads working in masks/ material quarry, the Railway Level of dust high dust respirators borrow crusher track PM2.5 scale level areas equipped Quarry with dusk sites, and mask Zero complains by Page | 450 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored crusher workers and plant local communities PM2.5≤ 25µg/m3 3. Gaseous Level of Borrow Weekly Visual Presence of No excessive Contractor 35,000,0 emissions exhaust pits, during observatio high level of smoke from under 00 where, triggers generated by quarry mobilization n smoke equipment supervision the ESS2 of the equipment, sites, and Whether engine tuning, of Engineer world bank ESF hydrocarbon crusher construction engine spray and national fumes plant, period tuning, spray painting, and EMA Act of Working campsite, painting, and welding done 2004 environment mechanical welding in a well- for workers workshop, works are ventilated exposed to constructi carried out in area hazardous on sites well Appropriate gaseous ventilated respirators fumes Use of areas used by respirators Whether workers and masks by appropriate during spray Page | 451 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored workers PPEs are painting, and carrying out worn by pre-coating spray workers of chipping painting, pre- during spray coating of painting and and chippings chipping pre- coating 4. Generation of Level of Mechanical Weekly Visual Percentage of Equipment Contractor 30,000,0 noise and noise, workshop, Daily observatio workers in engines under 00 vibrations generated by quarry n Listening high noise properly supervision equipment site, Interview environment tuned All of Engineer Presence of crusher with using ear equipment exhaust plan, batch workers plugs, of ear fitted with mufflers Use plant Sound level plugs mufflers All of ear plugs meter Whether all workers by staff equipment working in working in have exhaust very noisy very noisy mufflers environment environment Noise level in equipped dBA scale with ear plugs Noise level ≤ 85 dBA Page | 452 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored 5. Loss of Implementati Along Once after Visual Whether Width of Contractor 18,000,0 vegetation on of WMAs every one observatio width of clearing under 00 where, triggers measures to such week during n clearing is confined to supervision the ESS6 of the prevent or borrow mobilization Interview limited to CoI Top soil of Engineer, world bank ESF minimize loss areas and Weekly with WMA within CoI removed local people, and national of vegetation quarries during manageme Whether during WMA EMA Act of Implementati Diversion construction nt and TFS unnecessary clearing and management, 2004 on of and access period manageme clearing of grubbing and TFS compensatio roads nt in all trees is material management, n of lost regions avoided borrowing vegetation Whether top stockpiled for Management soil removed top soiling of cleared during Cleared trees trees No clearing and left around borrowing of grubbing, borrow pit materials is material and Railway done from borrowing track side for wildlife and stockpiled for the local forestry future use people protected whether Contractor areas grass planted does not use without on bare soil trees as a written around sources of permit from streams and energy or authorities steep slopes, Contractor entrusted to whether does cut Page | 453 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored manage the cleared tree trees or use protected are not cleared trees areas buried but to make left for the marker pegs local people Contractor has permit to use for fire wood from Whether authorities borrowing of entrusted to material is borrow done after material from receiving relevant TFS written and WMA, consent from prior to authorities borrowing entrusted to material manage the wildlife/ protected forestry areas protected areas 6. Loss of land Land Camps, all Monthly Review of Whether Land 80,000,0 which triggers acquisition borrow Borrow compensatio acquisition 00 ESS5 of the procedure pits, pits n of land and done in World Bank ESF quarries, documents crops done in accordance and national Interview accordance with Page | 454 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored EMA Act of and spoil of owners with of Standard 2004 areas of land standard specifications specs, Land and Land Act Act and its and its Regulations Regulations 7. Soil erosion Implementati All rivers Monthly Visual Whether Specified Contractor 18,000,0 where, triggers on of Borrow observatio specified temporary under 00 the ESS6 of the measures to pits, n temporary erosion supervision world bank ESF prevent/ quarry, erosion control of Engineer and national minimize soil and control measures are EMA Act of erosion culverts measures are in place 2004 Condition of Where in place Specified areas there has Whether temporary adjoining been specified measures to rivers clearing of temporary control Management ground measures to surface runoff of storm cover control are in place water during During surface runoff Specified construction earthwork are in place permanent of culverts s (fill and Whether erosion cut) take specified control place, fill permanent measures erosion (top soiling, control grassing, measures checks, stone Page | 455 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored (top soiling, pitching, and grassing, tree planting) checks, stone are pitching, and implemented tree planting) are implemented 8. Soil pollution by Implementati Workshop Weekly Visual Whether Lubricants Contractor 25,000,0 fuel, oil, and on of s at both throughout observatio lubricants containers under 00 hydrocarbon measures to camps construction n containers placed on supervision where, triggers prevent and hydrocarb period Interview placed on concrete- of Engineer the ESS3 of the deal with oil on storage with local concrete- paved ground world bank ESF / fuel spill and communiti paved ground with and national Operations Chipping es, with secondary EMA Act of of pre- turbidity secondary containment 2004 mechanical coating meter containment Filling and workshops site Review of Whether topping up of Operations Contractor filling and lubricant is of chipping s topping up of done by a pre-coating documents lubricant is hand facilities done by a pump/funnel Management hand Topping up (including pump/funnel of lubricant storage) of Whether done in the lubricants topping up of presence of Page | 456 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored Management lubricant drip pan of used oil done in the There is no and fuel presence of leakage of filters drip pan fuel or oil Whether from there is no equipment leakage of Used oil is fuel or oil kept in sealed from leak-proof equipment containers Whether on concrete- used oil is paved ground kept in sealed with leak- proof secondary containers on containment concrete- Used oil and paved ground fuel filters are with stored in leak secondary proof containment containers on Whether concrete- used oil and paved ground fuel filters are secondary stored in leak containment proof Hydrocarbon containers on drums stored Page | 457 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored concrete- on polythene paved ground lined level secondary ground with containment at least 10cm Whether layer of sand hydrocarbon Waste oil, drums are used oil and stored on fuel filters, polythene and empty lined level hydrocarbon ground with drums at least 10 collected for cm layer of disposal by sand NEMC certified 9a. Sedimentation Implementati All river Weekly Visual Whether Measures to Contractor 45,000,0 of river systems on of systems week during observatio spoil or prevent under 00 measures to construction ns, construction sedimentatio supervision prevent across the Interviews materials are n are of Engineer sedimentatio river systems with local disposed or implemented. n of rivers communiti stocked near Turbidity as Level of es, water measured in sedimentatio turbidity courses NTU ≤ 10% n of river meter Whether deviation systems there is no from the Page | 458 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored disturbance baseline No on areas complaint is adjoining received rivers from Whether downstream there is any users of a complaints river from downstream users on water pollution 9b Pollution of river Implementati All rivers Twice per Visual Whether No fuel or oil Contractor 32,000,0 systems by on of week during observatio equipment leak from under 00 hydrocarbons measures to construction n working on equipment supervision (oils where, prevent across the river banks working on of Engineer triggers the ESS3 pollution river systems has fuel or oil river banks of the world Presence of Weekly leaks No refueling bank ESF and hydrocarbon when waster Whether is done near national EMA s in river is abstracted refueling is water Act of 2004 course from any done near courses No river for water sign of construction courses floating works Whether hydrocarbon refueling is product Page | 459 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored done by pump Whether there is any sign of floating hydrocarbon product (thin-film, rainbow sheen) 9c. Pollution of Level of All major Once per Visual Whether Concrete Contractor 30,000,0 river systems by pollution by rivers week during observatio concrete are works are under 00 fresh cement cement construction n pH isolated from isolated from supervision products Implementati of culverts meter water water of Engineer (concrete, on of courses courses No concrete slurry, measures to Whether washing of cement prevent washing of concrete wastewater pollution concrete handling which triggers Level of handling equipment is the ESS3 of the water equipment is done near world bank ESF pollution in done near water and national acidity unit water courses No EMA Act of courses complaints 2004 Complains from local Page | 460 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored from local people in the people in the downstream downstream pH ≤ 1 Acidity in pH deviation scale from the turbidity in baseline NTU scale 10. Disruption of Damages to Where Weekly Visual Whether Contractor Contractor 15,000,0 domestic water pipe lines there are during observatio Contractor liaise with under 00 supply pipe line Implementati water construction n Interview liaise with local water supervision utilities on of supply of the with local local water authorities of Engineer, measures to utilities Railway track communiti authorities before Water prevent within the section es whenever commencem Engineers for damages to CoI. construction ent of districts, water supply is being done construction local utilities across across communities Response to sections with sections with complaints utilities utilities with regard within CoI within CoI to damaged Whether Utilities water supply utilities within CoI utilities within CoI carefully Reinstateme carefully removed nt of removed before damaged before commencem Page | 461 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored water supply commencem ent of utilities ent of construction Installation of construction Utilities not service ducts Whether damaged utilities not There is damaged timely Whether response to there is complaints timely with regard response to to damages complaints to water with regard supply to damages utilities to water Locations of supply service ducts utilities determined Whether in installations consultation of service of local water ducts done in supply consultation authorities with local water supply authorities Page | 462 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored 11. Telecommunicat Damage to Active Daily Visual Whether the Dame to Contractor 16,000,0 ion lines fiber optic earthwork Contractor fiber optic under 00 cable s, line work cable is rare supervision railway carefully to Damage to of Engineer, track side prevent fiber optic TTCL drainage damage to cable is Regional worksites fiber optic immediately Managers cable reported to Whether TTCL damage to authority fiber optic cable is immediately reported to TTCL authority 12. Generation of Management Camps Weekly Visual Whether Wastes are Contractor 10,000,0 wastes (visual of wastes and work throughout observatio wastes are managed, under 00 impact, soil and Treatment sites mobilization, n managed, treated, and supervision surface and and disposal construction treated, and disposed of of Engineer ground water of wastes and disposed of as prescribed pollution) demobilizatio properly or in Sub- n periods Whether Section Contractors 2.4.2.5 and have written 7.1.3 Page | 463 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored agreements Contractors with NEMC have written certified for agreements collection with NEMC and disposal certified of hazardous contractor wastes for collection and disposal of hazardous wastes 13. Impact to Requests and animal spill Weekly Visual Whether Contractor Contractor 35,000,0 wildlife and approval of over area, observatio Contractor does not under 00 forestry material WMAs n Review does not borrow supervision protected areas borrow of borrow material from of Engineer, which triggers areas Contractor material from wildlife and TFS and the ESS6 and s’ wildlife and forestry WMA EMA Act of submission forestry protected management 2004 s protected areas without in the regions areas without written written approval by approval by management management of game of game reserves reserves Whether no Whether no borrowing of Page | 464 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored borrowing of material is material is done near done near wildlife home wildlife home range Prior range to approving Whether the opening of Engineer borrow pits approves within village opening of forest borrow pits reserves the within village Engineer forest verifies that reserves only the after he is Contractor satisfied that has permit beyond from District reasonable Executive doubt that Director and the respective Contractor village has permit governments from TFS and and ensures the act will that act will not have not have serious serious Page | 465 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored environment environment impact impact 14. Reduction in Compliance Sources of Monthly Visual Whether the The Contractor 8,000,00 river flows with water water for observatio Contractor Contractor under 0 resources constructi n Review has permits has permits supervision Management on works of for all for all of Engineer Act Contractor sources of sources of s’ water water used submission Whether the for the s Contractor project The complies with Contractor environment complies conditions with specified by environment permits conditions Whether the specified by Contractor permits The does not Contractor abstract does not water from abstract rivers water from rivers Page | 466 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored 15. Increased Sources of Camps Monthly Visual Whether the The Contractor 52,000,0 consumption of energy for and work observatio Contractor Contractor under 00 energy and cooking and sites n Interview does not use uses charcoal supervision natural other with and firewoodcharcoal and of Engineer resources which construction laborers for cooking firewood for triggers the ESS3 activities Whether the cooking of the world Contractor The bank ESF and does not cutContractor national EMA trees or usedoes not cut Act of 2004 trees or use trees cleared from Railwaytrees cleared from Railway track side or borrow pits track side or to make borrow pits marker pegs to make markers pegs 16. Damage to Measures to Around During Visual Whether all Before Contractor 25,000,0 graves prevent grave yard construction observatio the graves commencem under 00 damage to across n Review within CoI ent of supervision graves sections of are relocated construction of Engineer with grave Contractor in accordance of section yards s’ with Grave with graves: specified in submission (removal) All graves sub-section s Interview Act Whether within CoI 4.3.5 with local graves are relocated Page | 467 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored communiti outside CoI in accordance es are clearly with Grave marked/ and (removal) protected Act Before from damage commencem during ent of section construction with graves, of respective Whether sections graves Whether outside CoI there are any are clearly complaints marked/ and from local protected communities from damage during construction of respective sections Whether there are any complaints from local communities Page | 468 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored 17. Surface water Measures to Culverts During Visual If If Contractor 12,000,0 modification and prevent for major construction observatio construction construction under 00 prevention of backflow rivers of culverts n of culverts is of culverts is supervision backflow for done during done during of Engineer rainy season, rainy season 18. Premature Planting of Upstream After Visual Whether Trees and Contractor 33,000,0 siltation of trees and of Railway completion observatio trees and grass have under 00 culverts grass track along of culverts n Review grass have been planted supervision major of proposal been planted on the of Engineer rivers for planting on the upstream of request upstream of relevant relevant rivers rivers accordingly 19. Poaching of Awareness General Monthly Visual Whether Contractor’s Contractor 25,000,0 wildlife by of work site observatio Contractor’s staff are under 00 construction Contractor’s n Interview staff are aware of supervision workers which workers with aware of wildlife of Engineer triggers the ESS6 about workers wildlife conservation of the world Wildlife and local conservation act There are bank ESF and Conservatio communiti act Evidence no evidence national EMA n 2009 es that that Act of 2004 Contractor’s Contractor’s staff is staff is hunting from hunting wild animals from Page | 469 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored the nature the protected reserves areas 20. Disruption of Availability of Dwellings Monthly Visual Whether Appropriatel Contractor 7,000,00 community temporary observatio appropriately y spaced under 0 access to pedestrian n Interview spaced temporary supervision dwellings and crossings at with local temporary pedestrian of Engineer, business areas settlements communiti pedestrian crossing are local es crossing are availed at all communities availed at all dwellings dwellings There are no Whether complaints local about lack of communities pedestrian complain crossings about the absence of pedestrian crossings 21. Health problems Work Bridge and Monthly Visual Whether Workers Contractor 12,000,0 associated with practice Use culvert observatio appropriate working with under 00 handling cement of PPE work sites n Interview PPE are used cement and supervision and concrete Hygiene Concrete with by workers concrete are of Engineer batch plant workers working with equipped Page | 470 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored area cement and with Precast concrete appropriate yard Whether PPE (gloves, Where workers coveralls, there is work in the with long laying of manner that sleeves, cement minimizes water- proof release of boots, cement dust suitable dust and contact masks, eye with wet protection cement gear) are product used Workers Whether PPE work in the are issued as manner that required and minimizes worn-out release of PPE are cement dust replaced as and contact required with wet cement product PPE are issued and worn-out PPE are Page | 471 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored replaced immediately 22. Risks of fire and Workers Workshop Monthly Visual Whether The Contractor 5.000.00 explosion behaviors observatio adequate, Contractor under 0 Implementati n Interview appropriate, avail supervision on of with and easily adequate, of Engineer measures to workers accessible fire appropriate, prevent fire extinguishers and easily and respond are availed at accessible fire to fire strategic extinguishers incident locations are availed at Whether strategic there is locations The evidence that Contractor workers are has evidence trained how that workers to use fire are trained extinguishers how to use fire extinguishers 23. Generation of Availability of Work Monthly Visual Whether All work sites Contractor 40,000,0 human sanitary ablution sites observatio there are that last for under 00 wastes facilities n Interview ablution at least Page | 472 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored with facilities at all month have supervision workers work sites ablution of Engineer that lasts for facilities at least a month 24. Traffic Implementati Project, Weekly for Visual Whether Flagmen are Contractor 55,000,0 congestion and on of diversions, monitoring observatio there are deployed at under 00 accidents measures to and access implementati n Interview flagmen at approaches supervision prevent roads on of of Railway approaches to active of Engineer, traffic across measures to track to all active construction school congestion residents prevent users, construction sites and children/ and accidents and accidents schools, sites and material teachers Implementati schools Monthly for local material borrow area on of Railway monitoring communiti borrow area junctions track safety implementati es Review junctions Night- training on of Rail of Whether reflective programme way contractor there are warning signs for schools track/road s monthly appropriately (speed limit, Travel safety EMP and posted night- speed humps, speeds of training HSMP reflective works project programme compliance warning signs ahead, etc.) vehicles reports to warn the appropriately public about posted to potential warn the danger public about Page | 473 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored (Speed limit, potential speed humps, danger works ahead, (Speed limit, etc.) works ahead, Whether etc.) Physical there are barriers physical (concrete barriers barricades, (concrete tape etc.) are barricades, in place to tape etc.) to protect protect employees employees and other and other road users Railway track Speed- users restraining Whether humps are there are installed at speed- approaches restraining to all humps on accident approaches black spots to all (e.g. school accident children black spots crossing, (e.g., school dwellings, Page | 474 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored children etc.) crossing, Pedestrians dwellings, and other etc.) traffic are Whether rerouted pedestrians away from and other active traffic are construction rerouted sites The away from public is active protected construction from all sites ground Whether the openings into public is which a protected person or from all vehicles ground could fall by openings into night- which a reflective person or barricades vehicles Review of could fall by Contractors’ night- compliance reflective reports and barricades interviews Page | 475 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored Whether the with school Contractor children and has evidence teachers that there is provide awareness evidence that creation the program on Contractors Railway track implement safety issues awareness among school creation children program on Whether Railway track parked safety issues construction among school equipment children are guarded Parked Whether construction works are equipment protected are guarded immediately Works are at the end or protected end of the immediately day, Whether at the end of all accidents the day All and incidents accidents and are reported incidents are Page | 476 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored to the immediately Engineer reported to soon after the Engineer their Drivers of occurrence project Whether vehicles are drivers of formally project informed of vehicles are speed limit of formally 60km/ hr and informed of that they speed limit of adhere to 60km/hr and this speed that they limit There adhere to are measures this speed to prevent limit re- Whether occurrence measures to of accidents prevent re- and incidents occurrence of accidents and incidents 25. Risk of accidents Management Dwellings Weekly Visual Whether The Contractor 16,000,0 to animals and of material Forestry inspection procedure Contractor under 00 Page | 477 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored human operational protected Reviews of for approval complies with supervision associated with borrow area and requests of material of Standard of Engineer, material areas WMA by borrow areas specifications TFS and borrowing Closure of Material Contractor by during land WMA in material borrow s’ for Contractor acquisition regions, and borrow areas and approval of are in for borrow TFS and areas No quarries material accordance pits and WMA in borrowing of borrow with of quarries Only regions materials is areas Standard request for done from Interview specifications borrow areas wildlife and with TFS Whether located at forestry and WMA only borrow minimum protected manageme pit at distance of areas nt in a minimum 500m from without regions distance of dwellings are written 500m from approved by permit from dwellings are the Engineer authorities approved by The entrusted to the Engineer Contractor manage the Whether all ensures that protected borrow pits all borrow areas and quarries pits and are self- quarries are draining self-draining when when operational operational Page | 478 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored and after and after their closure their closure Whether Contractor borrowing of has permit material from from wildlife and authorities forestry entrusted to protected borrow areas is done material from only after relevant TFS receiving and WMA, written prior to consent from borrowing authorities material entrusted to wildlife/ manage the forestry protected protected areas areas prior Whether to borrowing maximum material Depths of borrow pits 26. Safety risk Storage and Magazine Monthly Visual Whether Contractors Contractor 15,000,0 associated with management Quarries observatio Contractors have licenses under 00 to blasting, of explosive Rock n Review have licenses for explosive supervision Page | 479 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored drilling and rock For excavation of for explosive storage of Engineer, excavation Operations site along documents storage magazines Inspector of which triggers quarries the from magazines Blasting is Mines and the ESS1 of the Railway Contractor Whether done by Explosives world bank ESF track Interview blasting done holders of and national of local by holders of blasting EMA Act of communiti blasting certificates 2004 es near certificates issued by quarries issued by Commissione Commissione r of Mines r of Mines Blasting is Whether done blasting done between between 08:00 hrs and 08:00 hrs and 16:00 hrs. 16:00 hrs 27. Hazard due to Conditions Workshop Weekly Visual Whether Overloading 8,000,00 workers fall of scaffold, s Culverts observatio overloading of scaffold is 0 from height or ladders, and constructi n Interview of scaffold is prevented being hit by work on work with prevented Scaffold falling objects platform Use sites workers Whether board is free or materials of PPE by scaffold from which triggers workers board is free unacceptable the ESS3 of the from faults Scaffold world bank ESF unacceptable is erected by Page | 480 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored and national faults experienced EMA Act of Whether scaffolders 2004 scaffold is and erected by competent experienced supervision scaffolders Ladders used and for access are competent securely tied supervision at their upper Whether ends Ladders ladders used stand on a for access firm and level are securely ground tied at their Ladders are upper ends secured to Whether prevent sway ladders stand Ladders that on a firm and cannot be level ground tied at their Whether top secured ladders are at the secured to bottom are prevent sway footed Whether Ladders ladders that extend cannot be beyond the Page | 481 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored tied at their place of top secured landing by at at the least 1m bottom are unless footed adequate handhold is available 28. Hazard due to Housekeepin Workshop Weekly Visual Whether a A good Contractor 16,000,0 stepping on g at work s Culverts observatio good housekeeping under 00 sharp which sites Use of constructi n Interview housekeeping is maintained supervision triggers the ESS3 PPE by on work with is maintained all the time of Engineer of the world workers sites workers all the time All the bank ESF and Whether all workers are national EMA the workers equipped Act of 2004 are equipped with steel- object or with steel- toe safety striking/ toe safety shoes tumbling against shoes objects 29. Hazard due to How manual Workshop Weekly Visual Whether Team Contractor 15,000,0 manual handling handling of s Culverts observatio team handling handling is under 00 – overexertion loads is done constructi n Interview is practices practices supervision Implementati on work with when when of Engineer on of sites workers carrying carrying measures to heavy loads heavy loads Page | 482 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored prevent Whether Mechanical over- mechanical aid (e.g. exertion aid (e.g. wheelbarrow, wheelbarrow, hydraulic hydraulic crane etc.) is crane etc.) is used when used when loads being loads being carried are carried are heavy heavy 30. Hazard due to How Culverts Weekly Visual Whether There is no 7,000,00 workers being excavation and bridge observatio there is no worker or 0 struck or and lifting by work sites n Interview worker or member of crushed mobile crane is done Line drain with member of public within equipment Implementati work sites workers public within swivel radius on of Where swivel radius of machine measures to rolling of machine during prevent works is during excavation workers and being done excavation Workers in the public Whether the trench being hit or workers in are kept well crushed by the trench away from mobile are kept well the face and equipment away from those at the face and ground level Page | 483 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored those at kept outside ground level slewing kept outside radius of the slewing machine. radius of the Experienced machine. banks man is Whether used to guide experienced the operator banks man is and to used to 31. Risk of excessive Storage of Storage Weekly Visual Whether the The Contractor exposure of gauge facility for observatio Contractor Contractor under 9,000,00 workers and Transport of nuclear n Interview has a license has licenses supervision 0 communities to gauge it is gauges with to own and to own and of Engineer, ionizing radiation transported Work site workers use the use the TAEC resulting from Protection of (where the nuclear nuclear the use of workers and gauge is gauges gauges are nuclear gauges public against used) Whether the stored in a which triggers exposure to gauges are facility the ESS3, ESS2 radiations stored in a approved by of the World facility TAEC Bank ESF and approved by Gauges national EMA TAEC transported Act of 2004 Whether by a transportatio dedicated car Page | 484 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored n of gauges marked with done by a warning signs dedicated car in accordance marked with with law and warning signs regulations in accordance Only staff with law and trained in regulations accordance Whether with the law staff are allowed operating the to operate gauges are the gauges trained in Working accordance areas are with the law always Whether demarcated working by reflective areas are tapes demarcated by reflective tapes Page | 485 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) NS Impact Parameter/ Monitoring Measurin Measuring Target Cost . Activity to Sampling Frequency g Method Unit Level/ Responsibili be area Indicator ty Monitored 32. Increased HIV/AIDs Camps, Monthly Visual Whether Condoms are Contractor 45,000,0 incidence of HIV alleviation work sites, observatio condoms are distributed at under 00 / AIDS program toilets n Review distributed at strategic supervision Distribution of training strategic points There of Engineer, of condoms reports points is evidence approved Visual Whether that training HI/AIDs observatio there is that the training n Interview evidence that Contractor NGO with the conducts workers Contractor training conducts Whether No. training of trainings Whether No. conducted of trainings are in conducted accordance are in with accordance approved with training approved programme training programme Page | 486 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Impact Parameter/A Sampli Monitor Measuri Measu Target Responsi Cost ctivity to be ng ing ng ring Level/Indi bility (TSH Monitored Area Freque Method Unit cator ) ncy 3 Sexual Incidents of Worksit Ongoing/ Reportin Count Reduction HR 70,000 3 Harassm sexual e and Real-time g and in reported Departme ,000 ent at harassment facilities anonymo incidents nt, Project Worksit us Managers e surveys 3 Unequal Gender HR and Annually Workfor Percent Increase in HR 45,000 4 Access distribution in recruit ce age female Departme ,000 to workforce ment demogra workforce nt Employm phic representat ent analysis ion 3 Inadequa Availability and Washro Regularly Inspectio Assess High Site 55,000 5 te condition of oms, n and ment satisfaction Manageme ,000 Facilities facilities changing user rate for nt areas feedback facilities Page | 487 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Impact Parameter/A Sampli Monitor Measuri Measu Target Responsi Cost ctivity to be ng ing ng ring Level/Indi bility (TSH Monitored Area Freque Method Unit cator ) ncy 3 Unsafe Well-lit and High- Regularly Lighting Rating High scores Safety 20,000 6 Work secure areas risk assessme for safety Departme ,000 Environ work nt, and nt ments zones security security audit 3 Mobility Availability and Transpo Ongoing/ Monitori Assess Safe and Transport 25,000 7 Restricti quality of rt Real-time ng ment reliable Coordinat ,000 ons transportation routes transport transportati or ation on services services 3 Unequal Salary and HR Annually Data Curren Reduction HR 35,000 8 Pay and benefits data records analysis cy in gender- Departme ,000 Benefits based wage nt disparity Page | 488 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Impact Parameter/A Sampli Monitor Measuri Measu Target Responsi Cost ctivity to be ng ing ng ring Level/Indi bility (TSH Monitored Area Freque Method Unit cator ) ncy 3 Limited Women's Project Regularly Attendan Percent Increased Project 15,000 9 Participa participation in meeting ce age female Managers ,000 tion in meetings s tracking participatio Decision n -Making 4 Increase Workers' Worksit Ongoing/ Mental Assess Improved Health and 45,000 0 d Stress mental health e and Real-time health ment overall Safety ,000 and campsit assessme mental Team Mental es nts well-being Health Issues Page | 489 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) 8.2.4 Details on Monitoring for Pollution of Surface Water As indicated in Table 8.2, the effects of construction activities across/along rivers monitoring and reporting on water quality shall be done by the Contractor (through E & S Manager). The monitoring shall basically entail routine monitoring of rivers across the project during earthworks and construction of culverts. It shall consist of making field measurements of turbidity and pH. The procedure for routine monitoring shall be as follows: Two water sampling points shall be established at all major rivers and those used for domestic purposes, one 100m upstream, and the other point will be placed 50 down streams Measurements of pH (a gauge for effectiveness of control of water pollution during concreting activities) and Turbidity (NTU) (a gauge for effectiveness of soil erosion control) shall be taken at a point approximately 30 minutes before the start of construction activity each day. pH measurement shall be taken at each site twice/day during construction activities Measurements for Turbidity and pH will be taken at mid depth in the water column. It is noteworthy that many of the rivers in the project area are seasonal, which means monitoring of water in the rivers will apply during the rainy season only. Otherwise, wells, water holes and boreholes will be given more emphasis in the monitoring. 8.2.5 Responsibilities for Monitoring Implementation of EMP To ensure effective implementation of the mitigations measures, the Supervising Engineer shall deploy an Environmental and Social Specialist (ESS), who will be responsible for regular monitoring of implementation of ESIA, ESMP, Site Specific Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP), and Site-Specific Health and Safety Management Plan (SSHSMP) by the Contractor. He/she should as well be responsible for ensuring that reporting of implementation of the measures is completed in accordance with the requirements. The ESS will have the following responsibilities: Review Contractor’s SSEMP and SSHSMP Monitoring the effectiveness of the EMP and other mitigation measures. Assess the performance of environmental controls and proposed mitigation measures Ensure that the Contractor corrects/ review mitigation measures that are not functioning acceptably Page | 490 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) To provide regular reports on monthly basis on the status of the Contractor’s compliance with the ESIA, ESMP, SSEMP, and SSHSMP. When available on site, attend monthly progress meetings Page | 491 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER NINE 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 9.1 Introduction The grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is an integral part of ESIA approach to meet requirements related to stakeholder engagement and deal with the community issues arising in the project area. The GRM is a process to receive, evaluate and address the project related grievances from the communities. A transparent and legitimate process of grievance redress will help in building relationship between the project developer and communities through mutual trust and better communication. Nonetheless, a GRM must be designed to fit the context and needs of the proposed project, such that the local communities and other key stakeholders have faith and confidence in the system. For the proposed project, GRM will be implemented during mobilization, dredging and demobilization phases of the project to ensure that complaints, if any, arise from local communities together with internal grievance received from employees are dealt with appropriately, with corrective actions being implemented, and the complainant being informed of the outcome. It will be applied to all complaints from affected parties. The mechanism will be accessible to diverse members of the community, including more vulnerable groups such as women and youth. However, as per ESS10 of the WB Environmental and Social Standard Frame Work, the scope, scale and type of grievance mechanism required will be proportionate to the nature and scale of the potential risks and impacts of the project. 9.2 Principles of GRM In accordance with Guidance Practice Note on Addressing Grievances from Project Affected Communities (IFC, 2009)1, following five principles have been recommended: a) Proportionality: Scaled to risk and adverse impact on affected communities b) Cultural Appropriateness: Designed considering culturally appropriate ways of handling community concerns c) Accessibility: Clear and understandable mechanism that is accessible to all segments of the affected communities/ parties at no cost d) Transparency and Accountability: To all relevant stakeholders Page | 492 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) e) Appropriate Protection: A mechanism that prevents retribution and does not impede access to other remedies. 9.3 Types of grievances The grievances received can be classified into two categories: i) Internal Grievances: This mainly comprises grievances from employees hired specifically for the site. Likely complaints may include but not restricted to the following: Complaints related to amount of wage, salary, other remuneration or benefits, Timely disbursement of remuneration, Unethical behavior between senior and subordinates, Working conditions and health and safety concerns, Gender discrimination, Workplace harassment. ii) External grievances: Grievances received by Work Contractors and/or workers who are directly/ indirectly controlled by TRC and complaints from local communities in project areas. The on-site workers and migrant workers are likely to have grievances related to the following: Risk to health and safety of the workers hired by the Contractors, Working condition of the workers, Wage discrimination among the workers, Timing of the payments, Adequate basic facilities for workers including water supply and sanitation, Unjustified deduction from the wages, Minimum wage rates for the labor, Extended working hours, Page | 493 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Prevention and protection of child labor from hazardous work condition, Issue of forced labor, Gender discrimination. Community grievances that will be considered for resolution under this GRM will include the following (not limited to): Risks to community, health & safety (e.g. ship traffic), Accidents (e.g. collision with dredging vessels), Unethical behavior by Work Contractor or its sub-contractors, Noise/dust/air emissions, waste discharges or any other impacts. Demand for development interventions in the community, Issues related to cultural conflicts or opportunity conflict owing to presence of migrant workers in the community or in the nearby areas. 9.4 Redress process A step by step process along with competent personnel for proper handling of grievances is crucial for effective grievance management. The steps that can ensure effective implementation of grievance mechanism are listed below. 9.5 Proposed GRM for TRC The Project proponent (TRC) will implement GRM through establishment of a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) that will address any complaints, which may arise during the project implementation. A Single Point of Contact (SPOC) or a Grievance Officer (GO) at the site level will be assigned by the Committee at project site area, who will register the grievances, and take care of the registering process and action taken for resolving the grievance, timelines necessary for completing each step and escalation criterion. A two-level approach is proposed for addressing the grievances. Depending on the severity of the case, resolution can be undertaken at each level. i) Receive and Register a Complaint Page | 494 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Any worker / stakeholder (including local people within project area) with issues pertaining to on-site project work such as occupational health and safety, terms of employment, wages, issues with communities or co-workers, etc. may register their complaint in writing to the TRC/ Consultant at site (Level 1). Template of Complaint Form is Appendixes as Appendix 1. Secured boxes to submit grievances in writing should be placed at certain identified locations. In case the complainant wishes to maintain anonymous, he/she can write the grievances and drop them in these boxes. The box must contain slots at the top or sides and be clearly marked in the local language. It must be kept locked with the keys to be retained in the custody of the Grievance Officer. Once a complaint has been received, it shall be recorded in the register or data system. An acknowledgement sheet will be provided to the complainant. Template of such register is given below in Table 9.1. Table 9.1: Sample Format for Grievance Register Mode of Date Reaso Statu Grievance of n for s to For Dat Ward Name of Details of Remark Registratio Actio not be m e / Area Complainan Grievanc s n n Acting filled no. t e Taken Date wise ii) Assessment and Addressing of Complaint/ Grievance The GO will inform the Project Site Manager about the complaints registered in data system for further action. An assessment of the complaint made will be performed to ensure that it falls within the scope of grievance mechanism or not. During such an assessment, the Level 1 team consisting GRC will collect information about key issues and concerns and help in determining whether and how the complaint might be resolved. GO will visit the respective areas and interact with the affected persons/families for Page | 495 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) understanding their concerns if found necessary. The visits will be critical in creating goodwill, improving rapport building and communication between all stakeholders and reducing conflicts. In case, no decision is made within 2 days by the GRC at Level I, the issue will be forwarded to the Chief Grievance Officer based at the TRC (Level II) to screen and assess the grievance. If the complaint seems to require intervention, then it will be considered for further action, else it will be rejected and the same will be communicated to the concerned complainant by the GO based at the site level within 2 working days. The grievances will be addressed at the Level-I by the GRC and Contractor Supervisor (in cases involving contract workers) within 15 working days. At Level 2, the Chief Grievance Officer of TRC will discuss the issue with other senior level members including Director (of TRC) to address the grievance. The Chief Grievance Officer will provide support in terms of decision making. If necessary, meetings will be conducted with the complainant and evidence will be examined. The grievance will be closed within 5 working days of referral. The worker/ complainant will have the opportunity to be present at the committee meetings and discuss the grievance at both the levels if the grievance remains unresolved even after going through both the levels, the complainant will have the option to approach the appropriate court of laws for redress. However, it is not a preferred option and hence, highly recommended that any such dispute is amicably solved because resolution through procedures of the court may take very long time before final decision is made. Page | 496 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Below is a flow diagram (Figure 9.1) illustrating the overall steps that will be included in the GRM. Figure 9.1: Flowchart for Addressing Grievances iii) Monitoring and Evaluation of Grievance Mechanism Monitoring and reporting can be tools for measuring the effectiveness of the grievance mechanism and the efficient use of resources and for determination of trends and recurring problems, such that they can be resolved proactively. Grievance Records will provide the background information for regular monitoring. All grievances registered have to be recorded and regularly updated. This activity will also create a base level information that can be used by TRC to report back to workers and local communities on its implementation of the mechanism and the modification/ changes proposed to make it more user-friendly. 9.6 Grievances mechanism procedures 9.6.1 Channels to register a grievance The Project shall establish channels through which District or Municipal and stakeholders can forward grievances regarding project activities. The channels shall include: - A dedicated email address of institution implementing the project, A dedicated telephone number which shall toll free i.e. 0800 11 00 42 On the project implementers websites i.e. www.trc.co.tz Page | 497 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Feedback boxes to be located at selected points where the project activities shall be implemented, Project/site offices will also receive grievances through Community Liaison Officers. 9.6.2 Project Grievance Committees I. Village/Mtaa Grievance Redress Committee Village/Mtaa Chairperson – Chair Person Village Executive Officer (VEO) - Secretary, Neutral Person - Member Representative from the PAPs Members Community Development Officer from the Ward, Representative from NGO within village level – Member, II. Ward Grievance Redress Committee WDC Chairperson – Chairperson Ward Executive Officer (WEO) – Secretary, Neutral Person - Member Representative from the PAPs Members Community Development Officer from the Ward, Representative from NGO within Ward level – Member, III. District/Municipal Grievance Redress Committee District Commissioner – Chairperson District/Municipal Executive Director - Secretary District/Municipal land officer - Member District/Municipal Land Valuer - Member Lawyer - Member DAWASA - Member BWB - Member Ministry - Member Neutral Person (Not PAP) - Member PAP representative Local NGO within District/Municipal level - Member Consultant - Member (depend on complaint) The Implementing agencies will collaborate with local government offices to appoint team members as outlined above to be committee members. The committee should contain equitable proportional of Gender. There is no charge for making a complaint or conveying comments or suggestions. The project will facilitate the effective operations of the committees. The project shall ensure flexibility in the channels available and make sure that different contact points are available for a person to make a verbal complaint, and if the complaints addressed to the wrong person or entity are redirected to right provided channels. The initial investigation of the complaints shall take about 10 working days. If more time is needed, then the complainant will be notified with explanation of when she/he can expect the resolution. Page | 498 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Once the investigation process has been established, the person responsible for managing the GRM will record and enters data and information into the log book prepared as per table 9.2. Page | 499 Serial No. Page | 500 Name of complainant Address of complainant Telephone No. Area of project site District Ward Location Village/Mtaa INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Grievance Nature of SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND complaint/grievance Date Received Action Recommended Table 9.2: Sample Grievance Log/ matrix GRIEVANCE LOG FOR THE TIRP II PROJECT Responsible Person Due Date Status of resolution Date of resolution (Resolved) Resolution summary CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Page | 501 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER TEN 10. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 10.1 Introduction This chapter presents the extended cost-benefit analysis (ECBA) of the proposed Project. The purpose of the ECBA is to assess the economic viability of the project once the environmental and social costs and benefits reported in the EIA of the project had been incorporated into the analysis. The ESIA of the project has identified environmental and social impacts that could lead to benefits and costs, i.e., positive or negative effects to the economy. The ECBA is based on the principles of discounted cash flow analysis. The standard investment assessment criteria of net present value (NPV), cost-benefit ratio (CBR) and internal rates of return (IRR) were used as decision rules of the analysis. An Economic Evaluation for this project has analyzed the transport reliability before and after the improvement of the Rail Way Line, calculated the economic benefit indices as a result of the improvement. These indices included Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR), Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit/Cost ratio (B/C), and First Year Rate of Return (FYRR). Nature of the Investment and Economic Contribution of the Project The project involves investments leading to establishment of improved and reliable mode of transport in the existing central corridor railway network in the country. It is an identified network that is mainly provides connectivity from Dar es Salaam port to upcountry as well as the neighboring countries of Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and DRC, stabilizing the economic aspect through passenger and freight business by increasing the demand for transport facilities in this corridor at a rapid rate. The project involves substantial cost of capital investments on civil works for rehabilitation of the line including stations yards, intermodal yards, culverts and bridges, upgrading of railway track to 80-pounds, as well as operational running costs. It will increase the capacity of total transit system while simultaneously reducing the burden of overloading the existing transit facilities by attracting freights from modes of private transport on road. Hence, the project will offer a modal choice for passengers and freight with lower travel time, increased safety and comfort to their destinations. Page | 502 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Data Sources of ECBA The key data sources used for the CBA are draft final report of the Feasibility Study prepared by the Consultant team from Canarail Consultancy and CPCS Transcom International Ltd, final report of ESIA Study and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The feasibility study team has undertaken an economic evaluation of the project using output parameters of the demand forecast modelling study and other relevant economic data from secondary sources The ESIA and RAP studies have identified environmental and social impacts of the project during construction and implementation phases. The ECBA is mainly based on information from these study reports. Decision making criteria The based criteria for this analysis is mainly descriptive focusing on the projected benefits from the project and the estimated investment that is to be put in the Project (Project Cost). Benefits of the Project The project generates both transport and environmental benefits to the national economy. The project being a transport sector project, transport benefits can naturally be considered as the most important category of the benefits. Transport-related Benefits of the Project: In the Project Feasibility Study, the following transport system benefits have been identified as the key benefits of the project. x Vehicle operation cost savings x Travel time cost savings x Savings of accident costs (1) Vehicle Operations Cost Savings: Vehicle operating costs (VOC) are the costs associated with the running of a motor vehicle such as fuel, oil, tires, repair and maintenance and depreciation costs. Smooth vehicle running conditions created due to operation against the base case situation of the existing road network can be expected generate VOC savings as main economic benefit. (2) Travel Time Savings: Savings in travel time is a primary economic benefit sought from many transport sector projects. These savings are enjoyed by passengers as well as freight consignees. Page | 503 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) (3) Savings of Accident Costs: Compared with situation of the existing road network (base case), reduced number of accidents is another advantage of this Project. This results in the economic benefit of accident cost savings. Environmental and Social Benefits of the Project The major environmental benefit that can be expected from the project is reduction of emissions due to modal shift from private freight moving vehicles to railway and low traffic congestion. This could lead to improved public health and climate change mitigation due to reduction of GHG emissions. Main social benefits could be improved community life and services, job creation and improved (formal and informal) employment opportunities as well as access to crop markets However, there are costs that must be incurred in order to gain the expected benefits. Table 10.1 below gives the list of benefits and costs of the project from the environmental and social point of view. Table 10.1: Benefits and Costs of the Project Environmental and Social Benefits Environmental and Social Costs Contribute to economic growth; Water and Soil Pollution Increased access to crop markets; Soil erosion; Improved passenger and freight Loss of natural habitat; transportation services; Noise, vibration and air pollution ; Reduction of travelling time Safety and health risks Improved community life and services; Increased Wastes production Job creation and improved employment Increased water abstraction opportunities; Increased natural resources exploitation rates; In-migration /influx of people from other areas; Increased spread of HIV/AIDS and other diseases 10.2 Results of Analysis Given the long term, extensive, trickle-down positive impacts from the individual to national level (socio-economic), undertaking of this Project outweighs the ‘no-project’ option given the amount of investment that will be put for implementation. The benefits of the project outweigh the costs in a long-term basis and hence it is a good investment to the country if implemented in adherence of the recommended mitigation measures. Page | 504 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) CHAPTER ELEVEN 11. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 11.1 Conclusion The rehabilitation of the existing Dar es Salaam – Isaka (970 km) railway infrastructure is socially and economically desirable and viable because it will enhance transportation and social – economic development in various Regions of Tanzania. It will also contribute to the enhancement efficiency and safety of railway operations. Expectedly, the project will have both positive and negative impacts on the natural and human environment; it will affect both the environment and human communities that are found along the railway, and in its vicinity as well as all that interact with it. The negative significant social impacts that will result from the project will be disruption of public utilities, increased noise, and vibrations, and deterioration of ambient air quality during construction, increased traffic accidents, loss of vegetation and habitats, soil erosion, and soil and water pollution. The spread of HIV/AIDs, STIs associated with immigrant railway track construction workforce, siting of the construction camps and later the presence of truck drivers that will use the project have been identified as social impacts of the project. This was a major concern during public consultation meetings. Mitigation measures applicable to this concern were pointed out to the stakeholders during the consultation meetings. Measures have been proposed to enhance impacts which are positive to the environment and the local communities. For those impacts that are negative, mitigation measures have been proposed to avoid or abate them to the extent possible for the purpose of maximizing benefits of the project and minimizing detrimental effects of the project. 11.2 Recommendations The detailed environmental and social impact assessment in this report points to the desirability as well as technical feasibility of this project. It also reveals the positive reception of the project among its key stakeholders. It is therefore recommended to undertake the project, and this should be done as soon as practicable. The enthusiasm, expectations, and anticipation aroused through public consultation efforts should be allowed to proactively Page | 505 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) address towards the objective of the Project implementation. Moreover, the enthusiasm and anticipation is a useful social capital that can be used in favor of the project provided there are no delays that can lower its value and utility. Also, an additional specific study on operational noise impacts using modelling in order to project the expected impacts and respective mitigation measures which will then be updated in the ESMP. Moreover, the specific management plans for OHS, Traffic Management, Waste Management and Emergency response plan are recommended as documents that the Contractor should prepare using the guiding WBG templates on EHS. To ensure that the mitigation measures put forward to address the identified environmental and social impacts achieve their desired goal of protecting the environment and public health, they should be implemented as prescribed and the outcome of their implementation should be monitored for integrity and effectiveness additional to that there must be the development of a detailed Operational ESMP prior the start of the Operational phase. The supervision of the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures should be ensured and be carried out as strictly as the one for the rest of the project components. Page | 506 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) REFERENCES Antiquities Act No 22, 1964 (Revised Edition: 2002) Architects and Quantity Surveyors Act No 16, 1997 (Revised Edition 2010) Atomic Energy (Protection from Ionizing Radiation) Regulations, 2004 Atomic Energy Act No 7, 2003 Contractor’s Registration Act No 17, 1997 (Revised Edition 2007) East African Community Treaty, 1999 Employment and Labour Relations Act, 2004 Engineers Registration Act No 15, 1997 (Revised Edition 2007) Environmental And Social Impact Assessment Report For The Proposed 336 Km Of 220kv Transmission Line From Morogoro To Makutopora (Dodoma) For Electrification Of The Standard Gauge Railway Line (SGR II) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for The Establishment of Makutupora to Isaka Standard Gauge Railway-533km (SGR Lots 3&4), 2022. Environmental Assessment and Management Guidelines for Road Sector, 2011 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures (March 2002) Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005 Environmental Management Act No 20, 2004 Explosives Act (Cap 45) No. 56, (Revised Edition 2002) Factories (Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction) Rules, 1985 Forest Act No. 14, 2002 Government Notice No. 196 of July 2013 Grave (Removal) Act No. 9 of 1969 (Revised Edition, 2002, Cap 72) Hazardous Waste Regulations, 2009 HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act, 2008 Industrial and Consumer Chemicals (Management and Control) Act, 2003 Land (Assessment of the Value of Land for Compensation) Regulations, 2001 Land (Compensation Claims) Regulations, 2001 Land Acquisition Act Cap. 118 R. E. 2002 Land Use Planning Act No 6, 2007 Mining (Safety, Occupational Health & Environment Protection) Regulations, 2010 Page | 507 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Mining Act No 14, 2010 National Environment Policy, 1997 National Forest Policy, 1998 National Gender Policy, (1992), Revised in 2002 National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000 National Land Policy, 1995 (Revised in 1997) National Policy on HIV/AIDS, 2001 National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty, 2003 National Transport Policy, 2003 National Water Policy, 2002 Occupational Health and safety Act No. 5 of 2003 Occupier’s Liability Act No 54, 1968 Potomac River Media (2009) available at, http://www.rivermedia.com/consulting/er/oilspill/effects.htm accessed on 10th May 2009 Protocol on Environmental and Natural Resource Management, 2005 Protocol on Environmental and Natural Resource Management, 2005 Public Health Act No 1, 2009 Road Act No. 13, 2007 Road Management Regulations, 2009 Sahai, Dru (2001). Cement hazards and Controls: Health Risks and Precautions in Using Cement. Construction Safety Magazine, Volume 12, No 2, Summer 2001. Construction Association of Ontario. SGR Biodiversity Planning: Confirmation of wildlife corridor screening study, 2019 Solid Waste Regulations, 2009 Tanzania Railway Corporation, general rules, 1997 Tanzania`s Property and Business Formalization Programme, 2004 The Constitution of Tanzania The Land Acquisition Act 1967 (Revised Edition, 2002) The Road Sector Compensation and Resettlement Guidelines, 2009 The world bank environmental and social framework, 2017 Page | 508 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) USAID “Climate Change Adaptation in TANZANIA Village Land Act Cap. 114 (No. 5), 1999 Water Resource Management Act, 2009 Wildlife Conservation Act, 2009 Workers Compensation Act No 20, 2008 Page | 509 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDICES Page | 510 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 1: GRIEVANCE FORMS Grievance Intake Form Grievance Intake Form Record No.: ID # Received by: (phone/letter/ email /verbally/ what sap) Date received (to Action Log) DD/MM/YY Yes No Acknowledgement Date (To action log) DD/MM/YY Yes No Required resolution date: (To action log) DD/MM/YY Yes No Summary of Issue: Remedy Sought by Grievant: I have read / had this form read to me and agree with the content signed Complaint Grievant Request Sent to request Management Process Suggestion Acknowledgement send and Follow up required (To action log) Closed Fast tracked Explanation: Internal (HR) External (Community, Government, NGO etc.) Grievance to be managed by (drop down) Grievance to be managed by (drop down) Other departments involved in the grievance: Environment Health and Safety Human resource Type of Complaint Employment Disagreement Misconduct of company Access to information Property damage Dispute employee/contractor Name of Contractor’s Person to Address the Grievance: Location: Phone Number: Page | 511 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) Grievance Follow-up Form Grievance Intake Form RecordID # No.: Processed by: Staff name (drop down) Checked by: Staff name (drop down) Received by: Staff name or department (drop down) Date received (To Action Log) DD/MM/YY Yes No Acknowledgement Date (ToDD/MM/YY Yes No action log) Required resolution date: (To DD/MM/YY Yes No action log) Summary of Issue: Remedy Sought by Grievant: I have read / had this form read to me and agree with the content signed Acknowledgement sent out and receivedResolution shared and approved Remedy Investigation started outstanding Investigation results Resolution determined Remedy complete Closed Page | 512 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 2: PROJECT REPRESENTATION MAPs Page | 513 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 3: STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION FORMS Page | 514 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 4: PROPOSED SANITATION FACILITIES DRAWINGS Page | 515 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 5: LIST OF FIGURES/PHOTOS Page | 516 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 6: ADJACENT FEATURES Page | 517 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 7: LIST OF STRUCTURES Page | 518 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 8: SUMMARY OF SOCIAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Page | 519 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 9: CONCEPT NOTE FOR MAJOR WORKS CONTRACTS ACHIEVEMENT Page | 520 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 10: PROJECT OHSP AND EPRP Page | 521 CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR UNDERTAKING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED SECOND TANZANIA INTERMODAL AND RAIL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (TIRP 2 ) APPENDIX 11: INVASIVE SPECIES Page | 522