ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NEW 375 MLD STP AND UPGRADATION OF THE ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE INCLUDING EXISTING THREE TERMINAL SEWAGE PUMP STATION/S AT VASNA, AHMEDABAD (Revised-Draft) GUJARAT RESILIENT CITIES PARTNERSHIP: AHMEDABAD CITY RESILIENCE PROJECT (G-ACRP) October 2023 Prepared by TATA CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. For AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION DOCUMENT NO.: TCE.12369A-ENV-2015-ESIA-02-R7 Official Use Note: This document is approved vide resolution number: 282 dated 4/10/2023 by Municipal commissioner, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2023 1 Table of Contents SUMMARY 1 1. Project Description ........................................................................................... 1 2. Status of the subproject development at the time of ESIA ................................. 1 3. Sub-project Description .................................................................................... 1 4. Analysis of Alternatives .................................................................................... 2 5. Applicable Regulatory and Guidance Framework .............................................. 3 6. Baseline environmental and social conditions ................................................... 3 7. Assessment of Risks and Impacts ...................................................................... 6 SUMMARY (in Local Language) ................................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 37 1.1 Background .....................................................................................................37 1.2 Rationale for the Proposed Sub-Project: CONSTRUCTION OF NEW 375 MLD STP AND UPGRADATION OF THE ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE INCLUDING EXISTING THREE TERMINAL SEWAGE PUMP STATION/S AT VASNA, AHMEDABAD .....................37 1.3 Proposed Sub-project Details...........................................................................41 1.4 Objectives and Scope of the ESIA .....................................................................44 1.5 Environmental and Social Risks: An overview...................................................45 1.6 Structure of the Report ....................................................................................45 CHAPTER 2. POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .......................................................... 47 2.1 Technical Guidelines on Sewerage and Drainage at National Level ...................47 2.2 Standards for Discharge of Treated Sewage .....................................................48 2.3 The World Bank ESF and Environmental and Social Standards (ESS) .................52 2.3.1 GRCP-A: ESMF .................................................................................................................. 53 2.3.1.1. Sub-project Screening and Categorisation ........................................................................................53 CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE .......................................................... 56 3.1 Methodology for Environmental Baseline Data Collection ................................56 3.2 Project Location ..............................................................................................59 3.3 Environmental Audit of the existing STP ..........................................................60 3.4 Environmental and Social Baseline ..................................................................62 3.4.1 Key Aspects ...................................................................................................................... 62 3.4.1.1 Topography ......................................................................................................................................62 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 3.4.1.2 Climate .............................................................................................................................................63 3.4.2 Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Soil .................................................................................... 64 3.4.2.1 Hydrology .........................................................................................................................................64 3.4.2.3 Water availability .............................................................................................................................66 3.4.2.4 Surface Water & Sewage ..................................................................................................................77 3.5 Traffic Assessment...........................................................................................91 3.5.1 Accidents Prone Locations ................................................................................................ 92 3.5.2 Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index .................................................................. 93 3.5.3 Natural Disaster Assessment ............................................................................................ 94 3.6 Socio-Economic Baseline .................................................................................95 3.6.1 Ward Data ....................................................................................................................... 95 3.7 Governance & administrative context ............................................................ 103 3.8 Other developments in the Project Area and Sabarmati Riverfront ................ 104 4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES........................................................................................... 105 4.1 Strategy Change: Abandoning Centralised Treatment in STP, to follow decentralised treatment ‘on site’ ........................................................................................ 106 4.2 Zero or NO project Alternative....................................................................... 107 4.3 Complete reconstruction of existing STP (in two sections) .............................. 107 4.4 Technology Alternatives ................................................................................ 108 4.4.1 Screening of Technologies for STP ................................................................................... 108 4.4.2 Factors for Selection of Treatment Technology ................................................................ 109 4.5 Alternatives for pipeline from TSPS to 375 MLD STP ....................................... 110 4.6 Recommendation .......................................................................................... 111 5 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS AND IMPACTS ............................ 112 5.1 Proposed Subproject details as per Feasibility Report .................................... 112 5.2 Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts of the Subproject ....................... 112 5.3 Impact Assessment Methodology .................................................................. 113 5.3.1 Magnitude and Duration of Impacts ............................................................................... 113 5.3.2 Sensitivity of Receptor .................................................................................................... 113 5.3.3 Significance of the impact ............................................................................................... 114 5.3.4 Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts in Local Area ............................................... 114 5.3.4.1 ESS 1: ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF E&S RISKS AND IMPACTS ..........................................114 5.3.4.2 ESS 2: LABOUR AND WORKING CONDITIONS .................................................................................115 5.3.4.3 ESS 3: RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT ........................122 5.3.4.4 ESS 4: COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY ......................................................................................136 5.3.4.5 ESS 5: LAND ACQUISITION, RESTRICTIONS ON LAND USE AND INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT ......139 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 5.3.4.6 ESS6: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF LIVING NATURAL RESOURCES ....................................................................................................................................140 5.3.4.7 ESS 8: CULTURAL HERITAGE ............................................................................................................142 5.3.4.8 ESS9: FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES .................................................................................................142 5.3.4.9 ESS10: STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ........................................142 5.4 Cumulative Impacts ....................................................................................... 143 5.5 Status of Incorporation of ESIA comments in the Draft FR .............................. 154 6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ....................... 158 6.1 Scope of ESMP............................................................................................... 158 6.2 Proposed Environmental and Social Management Plan .................................. 158 6.3 Proposed Environmental and Social Management PlanError! Bookmark not defined. 6.4 Emergency/ Disaster Management Plan ........................................................ 188 6.4.1 Identified Emergency Situations ...................................................................................... 188 6.4.2 Proposed Organizational Structure for Disaster Management ......................................... 189 6.4.3 Emergency Response: ..................................................................................................... 190 6.5 Proposed Monitoring Plan ............................................................................. 194 6.6 Estimated Budget for Implementation and Supervision of ESMP .................... 202 6.7 Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) Compliance .................... 208 CHAPTER 7. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS .................................................................... 211 7.1 Proposed Institutional Arrangement for Implementation of ESMP, Supervision, Monitoring .................................................................................................... 211 7.2 Capacity Building ........................................................................................... 216 7.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism.................................................................... 220 CHAPTER 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ............................... 222 8.1 Objectives of Public Consultation................................................................... 222 8.2 Legal Requirements ....................................................................................... 222 8.3 Approach to Public Consultation .................................................................... 222 8.4 Information Disclosure .................................................................................. 226 ANNEXURE I: INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EXAMINATION ......................... 228 ANNEXURE II: APPLICABLE REGULATIONS ................................................................. 245 ANNEXURE IV: BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT: FLORA & FAUNA ................................... 276 ANNEXURE V: OHS RISKS DURING VARIOUS SUBPROJECT PHASES............................. 291 ANNEXURE VI: DISCUSSION ON MAJOR PROPOSED/ ONGOING PROJECTS IN AHMEDABAD 297 ANNEXURE VII: ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT OF EXISTING VASNA 180 MLD STP, AHMEDABAD 302 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 ANNEXURE VIII: OUTCOME OF THE STAKEHOLDER/PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS FOR 375 MLD STP AT VASNA AHMEDABAD ................................................................................ 324 List of Tables Table 1: Sewage Generation Details ............................................................................................................................39 Table 2: Cost Estimate for the Proposed STP Rehabilitation and allied facilities is based on the following ..................42 Table 3: Comparison of Sewage Discharge Norms/ Orders in India ..............................................................................48 Table 4: NGT suggested Discharge parameters for Treated Sewage .............................................................................49 Table 5: Comparison of Treated Sewage Discharge Standards across Countries ..........................................................51 Table 6: CPCB Designated Best Use Classification of Rivers..........................................................................................52 Table 7: Activities Excluded from G- ACRP as per ESMF ...............................................................................................53 Table 8: Phase wise Procedures for ‘Substantial’ Risk category of Projects ..................................................................54 Table 9: Applicable Standards for Various Environmental Parameters ........................................................................59 Table 10: Neighboring Land uses of Vasna 126 MLD STP .............................................................................................60 Table 11: Rainfall statistics for Ahmedabad district , ..................................................................................................64 Table 12: Ecology and Biodiversity Survey Locations ...................................................................................................70 Table 13: Air Quality in Ahmedabad City .....................................................................................................................74 Table 14: Air Quality Baseline Monitoring Locations ...................................................................................................75 Table 15: Results of Baseline Air Quality Monitoring ...................................................................................................76 Table 16: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results ...................................................................................................78 Table 17: Ground Water Level pre-monsoon 2019 ......................................................................................................81 Table 18: Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results ...................................................................................................82 Table 19: Results of Soil Analysis .................................................................................................................................85 Table 20 Sludge & Soil Quality .....................................................................................................................................87 Table 21 Sampling locations of noise levels .................................................................................................................89 Table 22: Type of Vehicles registered with COT (dated 9 June 2021) ............................................................................91 Table 23: Accidents during past three years ................................................................................................................92 Table 24: Major factors for accidents along the major roads falling under the project scope .....................................93 Table 25: Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index of Gujarat clusters ...............................................................94 Table 26: Habitation wise FHTC Coverage( Reported Till 06/03/2022) Financial Year: 2021-2022, Ahmedabad District ............................................................................................................................................................100 Table 27: Disease/ Ailments from 2018-2020 for Ahmedabad City ............................................................................102 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 Table 28: Labour Force Participation Rate (CWS) July 19 to Sept 20 ..........................................................................103 Table 29: STP Inlet Outlet Quality viz a viz Standards/ Norms ...................................................................................107 Table 30: Comparison of Various Biological Treatment Options ................................................................................108 Table 31 Alignment options for rising main from TSPS to 375 MLD STP .....................................................................110 Table 32: Aspects for Determining the Magnitude of Impacts ...................................................................................113 Table 33: Criteria for Determining Sensitivity ............................................................................................................114 Table 34: Assessment of Significance of Negative and Positive Impacts ....................................................................114 Table 35: Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise .....................................................................................131 Table 36 Carbon emissions from conveyance of sewage from TSPS ...........................................................................133 Table 37 Carbon emissions from operation of STP .....................................................................................................133 Table 38 Carbon emissions from handling and disposal of sludge ..............................................................................134 Table 39 Comparative Analysis of GHG emissions ......................................................................................................134 Table 40: Environmental Impacts on VECs (at Regional Level) ...................................................................................146 Table 41: Cumulative Environmental Risks and Impacts of proposed STP improvements at the Local/near Site Level and Mitigation measures ............................................................................................................................147 Table 42: Summary of Risks and Impacts and their Significance before and after Mitigation ....................................151 Table 43: Suggested Discharge Standards ..................................................................................................................156 Table 44 ESMP for Upgradation of Vasna 126 MLD STP and Allied facilities like repairs in TSPS, pipeline from TSPS to 375 MLD STP, Outfall ...........................................................................................................................160 Table 45 Disaster Vulnerability. .................................................................................................................................189 Table 46 Disaster Management Plan for 375 MLD STP ..............................................................................................191 Table 47: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan: Construction Phase ................................................................195 Table 48: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan: Operation Phase ....................................................................200 Table 49: Budget for ESMP Implementation ..............................................................................................................202 Table 50: Subproject Monitoring Schedule ................................................................................................................214 Table 51: Training & Capacity Building Schedule........................................................................................................216 Table 52: Outcome of Consultations ..........................................................................................................................222 Table 53: Applicable Regulations ...............................................................................................................................257 Table 54: Construction Stage OHS Risks .....................................................................................................................291 Table 55: Common hazards associated with excavation work and examples of control measures ............................294 Table 56: OHS Risks due to various Tools and Equipment ..........................................................................................296 List of Figures Figure 1 Location of STPs including Vasna 126 MLD .....................................................................................................39 Figure 2 Region of direct & indirect influence ..............................................................................................................57 Figure 3 Monitoring Locations for Environmental Parameters .....................................................................................57 Figure 4: Subproject Location ......................................................................................................................................59 Figure 5: Site Layout and Neighboring Land uses .........................................................................................................60 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 Figure 6: Existing STP Layout and Design Components ................................................................................................61 Figure 7: Topographic Map, Ahmedabad .....................................................................................................................62 Figure 8: Site Elevation ................................................................................................................................................63 Figure 9: Cross Section of Vasna 126 MLD site and the river ........................................................................................63 Figure 10: Hydrological Features .................................................................................................................................65 Figure 11: Water levels at Vasna Barrage ....................................................................................................................66 Figure 12: Reservation as per Development Plan 2021 for Ahmedabad .......................................................................67 Figure 13 Present Status of Approach Road for 375/126 MLD STP and proposed road repairs and upgradation .........68 Figure 14: Vasna 126 MLD STP and its 500m Buffer .....................................................................................................69 Figure 15: Location of Thol WLS with respect to Project Site .......................................................................................71 Figure 16: Location of Chandola Lake with respect to Project Site ...............................................................................71 Figure 17: Location of Santej and Vasai Lake with respect to Project Site ....................................................................72 Figure 18: International Flyways and Bird Migratory Routes through India .................................................................73 Figure 19: Study Region: Sabarmati River stretch ........................................................................................................73 Figure 20: Noise Sampling Locations superimposed on Traffic Corridors ......................................................................90 Figure 21: Lmaxalong Traffic Corridors of Ahmedabad...................................................................................................90 Figure 22: LAeq along the traffic corridors of Ahmedabad ...........................................................................................90 Figure 23: Accident prone locations of Ahmedabad ....................................................................................................92 Figure 24: Location of 126 STP with Respect to Arshad Park Juhapura ........................................................................98 Figure 25: Location of 126 STP with Respect to Arshad Park Juhapura ........................................................................99 Figure 26 Population Density of Wards in AMC .........................................................................................................101 Figure 27 Analysis of Alternatives ..............................................................................................................................106 Figure 28 Option1 for rising main alignment ..............................................................................................................110 Figure 29 Pollution Impact of the modelled Scenarios on Sabarmati River ................................................................128 Figure 30: Proposed Institutional Framework for E&S Management .........................................................................211 Figure 31: Safety Precautions in Excavations .............................................................................................................294 Figure 32: Mobile Plant Operator Blind Spots ............................................................................................................295 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 Abbreviations Abbreviation Expansion Abbreviation Expansion ACRP Ahmedabad City Resilience Project ESCP Environment and Social AMASR Ancient Monuments and Commitment Plan Archaeological Sites and Remains ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Act Assessment AMC Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation ESMF Environmental and Social AMSL Above Mean Sea Level Management Framework AUDA Ahmedabad Urban Development ESMP Environmental and Social Authority Management Plan APD Assistant Project Director EPR Extended Producer Responsibility ASI Archeological Survey of India ERT Emergency Response Team ASP Activated Sludge Process ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas BDW Biodegradable Wastes ESS Environmental and Social Standards BIS Bureau of Indian Standards FR Feasibility Report BMC Biodiversity Management SDU Sustainable Development Unit Committee ESF Environmental and Social BMW Bio Medical Waste Framework BNR Biological Nutrient Removal ESHS Environmental and Social Health & BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand Safety BOQ Bill of Quantities ESZ Eco-sensitive Zone BP Bank Procedures ETP Effluent Treatment Plant BPL Below Poverty Line FHTC Functional Household Tap C&D Construction and Demolition Connection CBD Convention on Biological Diversity FI Financial Intermediary CBMWTF Common Biomedical Waste FGD Focus Group Discussions Treatment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product CBO Community-Based Organization GHG Greenhouse Gas CC Climate Change GIIP Good International Industry CMS Conservation of Migratory Species Practice COD Chemical Oxygen Demand GIS Geographic Information System CPA Critically Polluted Area GoI Government of India CPCB Central Pollution Control Board GoG Government of Gujarat CPHEEO Central Public Health & GPS Global Positioning System Environmental Engineering GRC Grievance Redressal Committee Organization GRCP Gujarat Resilient Cities Partnership CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone GPCB Gujarat Pollution Control Board CHS Community Health Safety GUDM Gujarat Urban Development CTE Consent to Establish Mission CTO Consent to Operate GWIL Gujarat Water Infrastructure CVCA Critically Vulnerable Coastal Areas Limited DG Diesel Generator GWSSB Gujarat Water Supply & Sewerage DBOT Design Build Operate Transfer Board DMP Disaster Management Plan Ha Hectares DPR Detailed Project Report HH Households DTP Directorate of Town Planning HR Human Resources DWMP Disaster Waste Management Plan HFL Highest Flood Level EA Environmental Assessment ICB International Competitive Bidding EAP Externally Aided Project IDU Internal Documents Unit (The World Bank) ECoP Environmental Codes of Practice IEC Information Education EC Environmental Clearance Communication EE Environmental Engineer IEE Initial Environmental Examination EHS Environmental Health and Safety ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 Abbreviation Expansion Abbreviation Expansion IESSR Initial Environmental and Social OD Operational Directives Screening Report OHS Occupational Health and Safety IFC International Finance Corporation OP Operational Policies INR Indian Rupee P Phosphorus IPF Investment Project financing PAF Project Affected Family IUCN International Union for PAP Project Affected Person Conservation of Nature PD Project Director JJM Jal Jeevan Mission PDO Project Development Outcome IS Indian Standards PIU Project Implementation Agency KGP Knowledge, Governance and Policy PM Particulate Matter LB Local Body (Urban or Rural) PMC Project Management Consultant LDPE Low-Density Polyethylene PPE Personal Protective Equipment LMP Labor, Machinery and Plant SCADA Supervisory Control and Data LU Land Use Acquisition LULC Land use and Land Classification SC/ST Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe LPCD Liters per Capita per Day SEP Supplemental Environmental LFPR Labour Force Participation Rate Project MAM Majur Adhikar Manch SOP Standard Operating Procedure M&E Monitoring and Evaluation STP Sewage Treatment Plant MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forests SIRT Systematic Incident Reporting Tool and Climate Change SBR Sequential Batch Reactor MLD Millions of litres Per Day SPS Sewage Pumping Station MBR Membrane Bioreactor SPM Suspended Particulate Matter MPN Most Probable Number SPCB State Pollution Control Board N Nitrogen SUDU Sustainable Urban Development NCB National Competitive Bidding Unit NDZ No Development Zone TSS Total Suspended Solids NEP National Environmental Policy TDS Total Dissolved Solids NH National Highway WASMO Water and Sanitation Management NGO Non-Governmental Organization Organization NGT National Green Tribunal WB World Bank NMA National Monuments Authority WRIS Water Resources Information NOC No Objection Certificate System NPDM National Policy on Disaster UASB Up flow Anerobic Sludge Blanket Management UT Union Territory NTDNT Nomadic Tribes and De-Notified ULB Urban Local Bodies Tribes USD United States dollar O&M Operations and Maintenance VFD Variable Frequency Drive VEC Valued Environmental Components ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 SUMMARY 1. Project Description The Government of Gujarat (GoG) intends to utilize financial support from the World Bank for Gujarat Resilient Cities Partnership : Ahmedabad City Resilience Project (G- ACRP) which aims to strengthen the institutional and service delivery systems for Urban Service Delivery (mainly, Sewerage and Drainage) and financial systems in the Municipal Corporation of Ahmedabad and to strengthen the State’s institutional capacity and infrastructure for management of services in urban areas. G-ACRP project consists of three major components which will strengthen AMC’s institutional and financial systems and revenue performance; Improving wastewater management services; and develop state level institutional systems and capacities. ESMF and has been prepared for the ACRP project and disclosed on the AMC website12. One of the sub projects to be undertaken under the ACRP project, is the existing 126 MLD STP at Vasna which has been identified for capacity augmentation and rehabilitation. The capacity of the STP is proposed to be augmented to 375 MLD based on the estimated population for succeeding three decades and technology upgradation for meeting the NGT standards for meeting discharge standards for the treated sewage. 2. Status of the subproject development at the time of ESIA The sub-project is under feasibility study/ detailed project report. The subproject will be bid out for implementation on a Design – Build – Operate – Transfer (DBOT) mechanism, also including the ESMP prepared through this ESIA, so that the contractor can plan and arrange the required resources for implementing and managing the E&S aspects. 3. Sub-project Description The existing Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) of 126 MLD capacity at Vasna is proposed for upgradation under the G-ACRP project. This STP was built in the year 2004 and over the years, its functioning is deteriorated as evident from the quality of treated sewage, and many of the infrastructure is dilapidated. The process used in the existing STP is Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) AMC proposes to (i) change the treatment process to enable it to accept and treat the sewage generated by all occupants in its catchment optimally with increased capacity, (ii) ensure higher efficiency and achieve service level benchmark set by National agencies and regulators, (iii) achieve better quality of treated sewage as suggested by the National Green Tribunal (NGT). This will ensure better sewage management in its catchment and area of influence, by reducing discharge and bypass of untreated or suboptimal treated sewage in waterbodies and land (reused for irrigation), and thereby reducing the contamination of surface and ground water sources and supporting overall improvement in health of the environment and the society. For this, the construction of STP is proposed in two sections under which Section I of STP with minimum capacity of 120 MLD shall be constructed in the available 10 ha land parcel before demolition of the existing STP. After commissioning of Section I STP, the remaining land area will be utilized to construct the remaining 255 MLD capacity of STP. It is also proposed to improve the upstream infrastructure including repair and electro-mechanical works at the 3 Terminal Sewage Pumping Stations (TSPS) and laying of a new rising main to the new STP. The construction work will be carried out in phases to reduce the E&S impacts and address issues related to diversion of sewage flow during construction. DBOT contractor shall prepare and submit schedule for diversion of sewage for treatment during construction & commissioning of new STP and demolition of existing STP. The work shall be carried out phase wise to ensure diversion and treatment of sewage. 1 https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/web?requestType=ApplicationRH&actionVal=viewAttachment&queryType=Select &screenId=2900003&AttachmentFileName=ESMF.pdf 2 https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/web?requestType=ApplicationRH&actionVal=viewAttachment&queryType=Select &screenId=2900003&AttachmentFileName=ESIA-126-MLD-STP.pdf ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 1 4. Analysis of Alternatives The Analysis of Alternatives is structured to follow a ‘narrowing approach’ involving a series of logical steps, starting with the high-level strategy alternatives followed by description of more detailed technology alternatives considered. Using this commonly adopted narrowing approach, the Analysis of Alternatives considers alternatives in the following sequence: • Strategy Alternative: Abandoning the Existing Centralised Treatment to follow decentralised treatment 'on site’. Here, a scenario where existing STP would be abandoned, and residents will be using onsite decentralised treatment in septic tanks is considered against the proposed subproject • ‘Zero’ or ‘No Project’ alternative: Here, without project scenario i.e., continuing the existing situation compared with the scenario where the proposed project rehabilitation is implemented • Complete reconstruction of Existing Plant: Demolition of existing plant to reconstruct a new STP in its place • Design/Technology Alternatives: Technologies to achieve the stringent discharge standards suggested by NGT are compared with the current one. During Detailed design, this will be subject to further scrutiny and the best environmentally suitable alternative will be adopted. • Capacity Alternative: Capacity alternative of two separate STPs (160 MLD near existing 48 MLD STP and 215 MLD at the location of current 126 MLD STP) and one single STP were assessed (375 MLD STP at the location of current 126 MLD STP). This ESIA is for the proposed alternative namely, construction of new 375 MLD STP of advanced treatment technology such as Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) to ensure treatment to meet the stringent discharge limits suggested by the National Green Tribunal. This will ensure full treatment of the sewage reaching the TSPS, without letting bypass of untreated sewage from the Western Zone 1 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 2 of the city of Ahmedabad (which is served by the existing 126 MLD STP) into the river Sabarmati. For this selected option, expected environmental and social risks and impacts are lower when compared to other options considered. This will on the whole ensure better environment and health in the city and the region by ensuring full treatment of sewage from the its generator catchment, improve quality of water in the river Sabarmati to which the treated sewage is discharged, and improve the reusability of treated sewage. The construction of STP is proposed in two sections. Initially Section I of STP with minimum capacity of 120 MLD shall be constructed in the available 10 ha land parcel. After commissioning of Section I STP, the remaining land area will be utilized to construct the remaining capacity of STP. 5. Applicable Regulatory and Guidance Framework The applicable regulatory framework for the ESIA comprised of the following: • Applicable international, national, state and city level environmental and social policies, regulations and guidance’s (including environmental policy and acts, water and air acts, noise rules, regulations on various type of wastes, wetlands and Eco sensitive areas, tree cutting, biodiversity, Dam Safety, The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act and others) • Indian labour and related laws (including The Building and other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, The Factories Act, Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, Minimum Wages Act, Workmen’s Compensation Act & Rules, The Street Vendors Act • World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) and the Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs): Apart from ESS 7 & ESS9 all other ESSs are relevant for this project. ESS5 stipulates that project-related land acquisition and land-use restrictions impacts (physical displacement, economic displacement, or both on communities and persons) be addressed. However, as no land acquisition and resettlement will be required in this sub-project and as there is no expected livelihood impacts due to economic displacement, ESS 5 is not relevant for this specific sub-project. The adverse social impacts on adjacent communities include pollution and health effects due to discharge from STP, especially during construction phase and; increased insecurity and risk of gender-based violence faced by women and girls due to labor influx. These will be addressed through provisions following ESS1 and ESS4. World bank Group ESHGs and other Guidance’s The ESIA is prepared as guided by the Environmental and Social Management Framework for G- ACRP based on the regulatory and guidance framework above. The proposed project will comply with national and state regulations, as well as the WB ESF and WBG EHS guidelines and for specific standards the most stringent among these will be complied with. 6. Baseline environmental and social conditions Baseline environmental and aspects are presented in the following tabulated summary Aspects Existing Vasna 126 MLD Location Co-ordinates Latitude: 22°58'44""N’; Longitude: 72°31'22""E" Details of Ward No 52, Sarkhej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, West side of Sabarmati River, Administrative / downstream of Vasna Barrage Physical occurrence ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 3 Aspects Existing Vasna 126 MLD Location Map Physiography, Microclimate and Surrounding landuse Topography, Slope Ahmedabad city area is monotonously flat except small patches. Land and Soil surface elevation is from 40 m to 60 m AMSL with master slope towards south. Site is flat, sloping from 42 – 46m. HFL is 41.7m. Micro-climate Hottest month- May (Maximum Temperature 41.6°C) Coldest Month- January (Minimum Temperature 27°C) Surrounding landuse East: 240 MLD STP at distance of 20 m and activities West: Residential area adjacent to STP North: Canal and Road at around 50 m and 70 m respectively. South: Sabarmati River at around 240 m Any landuse or Vasna Barrage located 3 km upstream, two parallel bridges across Sabarmati structure of downstream of the Barrage which is 1 km upstream of the site importance Site Details Site Plan Approach to site Approach to the site is through the canal side road connected through an unpaved (Kuccha) road. Description of main Canal side road connecting Narol- Sarkhej road to NH 751. The plant has and subsidiary access secured access through Gate with a width of about 5 m ways Security-Yes Used for accessing the site by officials, for all goods/ materials movement, firefighting others: Yes Area 2,05,000 sq. m., Pentagon Ownership AMC Historic land use STP, Sewage Farm before constructing STP Current land use Existing STP Natural features None on site, Sabarmati River to South of the site Impact during any Flooding historic event? ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 4 Aspects Existing Vasna 126 MLD Description of Capacity: 126 MLD existing facility Technology: UASB Condition of existing The existing STP is almost 18 years old and many of the project components plant & safety are defunct and not working at full capacity. All the civil structures are not good and show damage, cracks and breaks. Internal roads need resurfacing but are in usable condition. STP is guarded by a concrete wall around it to stop any encroachment. Description of Existing footprint: about 75000 sqm, Treatment Capacity: 126 MLD existing facility Technology: UASB Baseline Environmental Quality Quality of Treated Parameters Agreed Standards Baseline NGT suggested sewage as per consolidated quality discharge standards consent and authorization (CCA) from GPCB BOD (mg/l): 20 28.86 ≤ 10 COD (mg/l): 100 117.39 ≤ 50 SS (mg/l) 30 38 ≤ 20 pH 6.5 to 8.0 7.61 6.5-9.0 Fecal Coliform 1000-10000 2X105 <230/ <100 MPN / 100 ml N - 22.68 ≤ 10 P 1.1 - 2.5 ≤1 Noise Noise levels are high which are due to existing ongoing construction of Metro Depot (which is expected to be completed by April 2022) Ambient air quality All parameters are within the permissible limits Plant related air Gases are emitted from the sewage and sludge. Gases like Methane are quality issues released from sludge. Gas holders are in place. Movement of vehicles in existing plant is very minimum and emissions of dust and other vehicular pollutants is negligible. Ambient water Ground Water: Considering the monitoring results mentioned Drinking water quality (Ground & quality standards as per latest CPHEEO & IS code 2012, the water from these Surface) sources cannot be used for drinking without treatment Surface Water: The sampling was carried out for surface water at Sabarmati near 126 MLD STP at Vasna. It is observed from the monitoring that, BOD, Chlorides and Coliform in the water samples are exceeding the CPCB 1979 and BIS 1982 standards of surface water quality criteria for drinking purpose. Soil quality No sludge disposal on ground observed Fauna & Flora There are 450-500 numbers of trees on site, mainly of Acacia & Neem species; and planted shrubbery. Existing site has green area which harbors variety of common birds and insects. Outfall has growth of Eichhornia sp. (invasive) in Sabarmati River. Proposed Rehabilitation works Proposed activity The construction of STP is proposed in two sections. Initially Section I of STP (including Upstream with minimum capacity of 120 MLD shall be constructed to meet better and downstream discharge standards (NGT suggested norms with TSS<10 mg/l); in the linked infrastructure available 10 ha land parcel. After commissioning of Section I STP, existing STP proposed for will be demolished, and the area thus retrieved, and the available remaining upgradation) site area will be used to construct the remaining capacity of STP (255 MLD) and odor control system. Existing upstream infrastructure will be retained, with electrical, mechanical, instrumentation, minor civil structure repair at three TSPSs. Biogas facility is proposed for biogas generation from sludge. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 5 Aspects Existing Vasna 126 MLD Rising Main will be laid from TSPS to the site (ex.76MLD TSPS to ex.126 MLD STP). Upgradation of approach road is included in Vasna 240 MLD STP sub project. Key environmental Discharge qualities need to be brought to NGT suggested standards and issues to be Consent to Establish to be received from GPCB, bypass quality reuse without considered to design chlorination not to be done, material storage shall be made proper, waste mitigation measures and sludge storage, reuse to be improved. TSPS need to be repaired. Sludge, demolition waste and wastewater management during demolition of existing STP needs to be planned. Social Baseline The baseline socioeconomic predictions used and discussed in the ESIA study are provided by master planning consultant for ward Number 52 for Sarkhej in which the STP is located. The population of this ward is estimated to be 144524 and population density is 4899 for the year 2021. The estimated contributing population for this zone is about 14.53 lakh. As per the SCADA records, about 338 MLD sewage is generated at present in this zone. Proposed new STP works are in the premises of existing 126 MLD STP. It is a gated and secured property under the ownership of AMC, exclusively used for STP purposes. There are no occupants at the proposed expansion site and no disadvantaged/vulnerable groups. There is a squatter settlement which is located near the STP between the Fatehwadi canal and the STP boundary. There are roughly 600 to maximum 700 households residing in temporary structures in the squatter settlement. The settlement comprises of mainly migrants. Migrants in Ahmedabad, living in squatter settlements, comprise of two groups of workers – seasonally migrant construction workers who migrate from the tribal belt comprising of Dahod in Gujarat and Jhabua and Banswara in neighbouring states and long-term migrants from the Nomadic Tribes and De- Notified Tribe (NTDNT) communities. The government does not enumerate these settlements and does not provide any public services to these settlements. Majur Adhikar Manch (MAM), a trade union of informal workers, has been working with the residents of these squatter settlements. The settlements will experience temporary impacts related to dust, traffic movement, labor movement and related issues which will be mitigated during project implementation. Impacts and mitigation measures are discussed in details in the relevant chapters. Gender based issues/ concerns - Women in the nearby settlement are working, mainly in the unorganized sector as semi-skilled and unskilled labour, domestic workers, construction/masonry work. Safety and security concerns for women/children were raised due to the labour influx for construction activities, open defecation, lack of street lights and similar issues as the settlement is informal. This has been addressed in the mitigation measures through community health and safety measures, employment of labour, for both men and women from the informal settlement, setting up labour camp at suitable site to prevent any disturbance to the settlement, SEA/SH measures and provision of services such as drinking water supply and sanitation for the settlement through government schemes and programs. 7. Assessment of Risks and Impacts The project is a brownfield project comprising of rehabilitation of existing STP and improvement/repair to pumping station and laying of new rising main. Some of the key expected Environmental & Social impacts during construction and operations stages are given below; • Generation of substantial debris, top soil and muck during the construction of new 375 MLD STP and demolition of existing 126 MLD STP. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 6 • Dust and noise generation and emissions to air (resulting in pollution, health impacts and odour) due to demolition, excavation, cutting, back filling, compaction operations and other construction activities, and Operations and maintenance works • Noise and vibration and other disturbances to residents and businesses during material movement, construction demolitions, and laying of rising main • Temporary flooding due to excavation during monsoons • Land and water contamination due to construction waste and operation phase sludge handling • Spillage of chemicals, fuel and oil • Safety hazards to labours (Occupational Health and Safety) and public (Community Health and Safety) • Increased traffic inconvenience (emissions, congestions, longer travel times, blockage of access), during transport of men and materials to the site, especially as the approach road connecting the STP also is a connecting road from NH 64 to the nearby areas • Impacts of any accidental discharge from STP, TSPS or the rising main on adjoining communities, especially during construction phase, and discharge of treated sewage into River Sabarmati, downstream communities/ river users. • Adverse social impacts on adjacent communities and squatters (e.g., security of women and girls due to labor influx) • Accumulated sludge (of past years) in existing USAB reactors will have to be planned for proper disposal and demolition of existing UASB reactors will generate demolition wastes and other defunct equipment’s which need to be managed. • Area occupied by the existing plant and UASB reactors will have to be remediated as required and made ready for construction of the new plant on vacant land, may cause pollution and contamination of the soil. Based on the relevance of each ESS, and national/ state Legal, Regulatory and Institutional Framework, ensuing sections summarize the environmental and social risks and impacts likely due to the proposed interventions followed by the mitigation measures considered. The risk and impacts are grouped in respect of the applicable ESSs as follows: Applicable ESS Risk and Impacts assessed ESS1 ESIA was conducted, and assessed all risks and impacts as applicable to ESSs 2-10. The risks and impacts of the proposed sludge management facility will also be assessed by AMC once the technology and location is finalised, considering it as an associated facility if applicable ESS2- Labour and Working Various types of labourers employed and impacts and risks Conditions due to their working conditions ESS3- Resource Efficiency and Minimal risks and Impacts on Physiography, land use, Pollution Prevention and Geology, Soil, biodiversity, and people due to proposed Management rehabilitation of existing STP Risks and Impacts on Water Resources, Water Quality due to construction activities, operation and maintenance, and discharge of treated sewage ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 7 Applicable ESS Risk and Impacts assessed Risks and Impacts on Air Quality, Noise levels during construction, operations Risks and Impacts due waste generation/ disposal due to proposed rehabilitation activities and operation of existing/rehabilitated STP, and the proposed biogas facility. Aspects to ensure better resource efficiency include reuse of treated sewage, energy recovery from sludge, energy- efficient mechanisms, and machinery ESS4: Community Health and Safety Risks and Impacts on Community Health and safety during construction, pollution, also considering flooding related aspects of the upstream barrage; Impacts of discharge from STP on adjoining communities, especially during construction phase; increased risk of gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual harassment (GBV and SEA/ SH) for women and girls due to larger labor presence and; other labor influx related risks. The risks and impacts of the proposed sludge management facility on community health and safety will also be assessed by AMC once the technology and location is finalised, considering it as an associated facility if applicable ESS5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions Not currently relevant for this sub-project as no land on Land Use and Involuntary acquisition is envisaged and no impact on squatter settlement Resettlement is envisaged. Land use will not change due to the proposed project upgradation and rehabilitation of STP ESS6: Biodiversity Conservation and Risks and impacts on ecology and biodiversity Sustainable Management of Living Risk and impacts on natural habitat. Natural Resources ESS8: Cultural Heritage Risks and impacts on potential cultural heritage during construction activities ESS9: Financial Intermediaries Not relevant as no FIs are involved in this project. ESS 10: Stakeholder Engagement Risks and impacts due to lack of stakeholder engagement and Information Disclosure Risks and impacts due to non-disclosure of information regarding project activities Risks and impacts due to failure to redress grievances and concerns of project-affected parties in a timely and satisfactory manner and failure to provide feedback. Assessment and Management of E&S Risk and Impact (ESS 1) As all the proposed major structural interventions are within the STP or TSPS sites or their structures, no direct adverse impacts are envisaged on physiography or land use. Laying of the proposed rising main (around 2 km) is along public infrastructure and government land and will be along the boundary wall of the 240 MLD STP. Trenchless method is proposed for laying the rising main across the kuccha roads or lanes to prevent disturbance. The proposed rising main may create temporary disturbances to people and traffic during the construction and maintenances stages, which could be managed through traffic diversions, information to communities, barricading and safety precautions (for communities and workers), and watch and ward in important areas. The proposed subproject involves civil, electromechanical, and paint work mainly; labour-intensive in the odorous area near sewage/ wastewater, and their stay and work at or near the site for about 4.5 years. Treatment of sewage ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 8 along with new construction/modifications required for technology upgradation, discharge of treated water and disposal of sludge and other wastes including large quantities of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes, use of resources such as water and power during construction, pollution from storage and handling of materials, use of paints and other chemicals for construction activities, transportation of raw materials, wastes and sludge, disposal and/or reuse of treated sewage for irrigation will pose risks and impacts. Work requires very detailed and clear sequential planning, scheduling as the existing operations shall not suffer during construction works. The activities will be labor intensive with risks of accidents such as working at heights, excavations, work in enclosed areas, and activities near ponded sewage in large tanks. Impacts and risks are moderate and can be managed by following regulations, adopting best practices for similar projects, training of staff/ manpower; and ensuring implementation of avoidance, monitoring, and implementation of mitigation measures. No direct adverse impacts are envisaged on communities including on the disadvantaged or vulnerable people. However, there may be indirect impacts on communities such as increased access due to replacement of kuccha road by resurfaced pucca road, increase in labor due to increased labor opportunities, benefits due to movement of pedestrian due to better road and increased safety due to project related pedestrian movement and availability of lights during evening and nights in the sub project, Project will need to make extra efforts to reach out through stakeholder engagement and effective GRM, to the disadvantaged and vulnerable persons and groups to involve them in both preparation and implementation. Labour and Working Conditions (ESS 2) Labour and employment opportunities will be generated during the construction period. Unskilled and semi-skilled labor work can be sourced from the squatter settlement as per availability and willingness of labor. Women can also be hired for specific tasks from the squatter settlement. Since the settlement is nearby some women may be willing to work on-site as labor. Proposed construction works will require labor for construction activities for almost 4.5 years and a labor camp will need to be set up for accommodating the workers who are not local. Occupational Health and Safety risks and impacts are identified on construction activities and includes workers working at height, excavations, working near sewage tanks, confined spaces, gaseous place, working with electrical equipment, cleaning of UASB reactors and sludge drying beds and closed environments getting exposed to potential accidents. Workers near high noise equipment may experience health issues such as hearing loss if no care is taken. Considering the vegetation growth, snake or scorpion bite may occur during site clearance or construction. These impacts are expected during both construction and operation of STP and related infrastructure, but can be managed following good practices, adopting Standard Operating Procedures for work types, preparing and following OHS management plans, ensuring the use of safety equipment onsite, and Personal Protective Equipment, Incident management, regular health check-ups and emergency support, and improving the awareness of the workers. For USAB reactors , maintenance activity, workers’ health and safety will be addressed and mechanical cleaning will be recommended strongly and any manual cleaning will be avoided. Labour will also require periodic health check-ups as they are working in areas where there is sludge and wastewater, sanitary facilities at the construction site, drinking water, PPEs, shade for resting, first aid, etc. Labour compliances will also be required to be met under various local laws such as labor licenses, permission, training, payments, insurance as mandated under law, etc. All engagement of laborers will follow the project level Labor Management Procedure (LMP). Child labor and forced labor will be prohibited. All workers will have access to project’s worker’s grievance redress mechanism (GRM). Area and site under AMC for labor camp within accessible distance from STP to be identified by DBOT contractor and necessary permission/ approval to be taken from AMC. Workers in the labor camp will need sanitary facilities such as toilets, washing areas, and sanitary waste disposal areas. Adequate and safe accommodation with proper ventilation, comfortable stay, sanitation, first aid facilities, water, ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 9 fire safety, protection from weather conditions and extreme events, facilities including cooking and lighting is essential. Covid- 19 precautions for such camps to be planned and implemented. Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management (ESS 3) With respect to Resource Efficiency, the project preparation and the ESIA process will identify feasible measures for efficient (a) energy use; (b) water usage and management to minimize water usage during construction, conservation measures to (energy efficient pumps, appurtenances, biogas facility for gas generation from sludge to generate electricity, solar rooftop) offset total construction water demand and maintain balance for the demand of water resources; and (c) raw materials use by exploring the use of local materials, recycled aggregates, use of innovative technology to minimize project’s foot prints on finite natural resources. The project would also need to address the management of materials (such as construction materials, chemicals used for STP operations, fuels, paints etc.) solid (screenings, wastes, sludge, construction and demolition (C&D) wastes, e-waste from electro-mechanical equipment) and liquid waste (from construction activities, run-offs, waste water/ sewage from labour camp, leachate from sludge, treated sewage, accidental leakage of untreated sewage) generated during the construction and operation phases. Contractor will prepare management plans (OHS, CHS, Waste Management etc) and implement those. All wastes will be managed following National regulations and WB EHS: C&D wastes will be sent to the AMC C&D waste management facility where it is converted into useful products for recycling back for construction purposes; some of those will be used in the construction purposes and site development for this subproject thus ensuring resource efficiency. Standards suggested by national guidelines for sludge quality and WB EHS will be followed. Sludge will be transferred to the biogas generation facility and gas will be generated following which the digested slurry will be transferred to the proposed proposed Sludge management facility of AMC, along with any other surplus sludge from other parts of STC, such as Primary treatment where it will be treated and disposed following the consent conditions. During monitoring, if hazardous content is detected, it will be sent to TSDF. Contractor will discuss with AMC the monitoring results & manage sludge as per Sludge & Waste Management plan & present plan shall be upgraded in ESIA. The sludge and waste management plan which shall be prepared and approved at the pre-construction stage should clearly indicate how the existing sludge in UASB reactors and C&D waste will be temporarily stored on site and disposed without impacts on workers and communities. Screenings, plastics and wastes will be treated and disposed at AMCs solid waste management facility. Machines/equipment’s will be auctioned to authorised recyclers. E-waste including Solar panels will be sent to GPCB approved e-waste recyclers and all these requirement will be made part of DBOT contract. Site and material storage areas will be provided with cut off drains to collect and treat liquid wastes. Pollution of water bodies receiving STP discharges due to reduction in efficiency or non-working of STP due to breakdowns, routine maintenance, and impacts on downstream users is important. Other pollutants include dust, chemicals materials transported and used without care, sludge, and other wastes generated during rehabilitation and O&M. The project being upgradation of the sewage treatment plant will enhance the sewerage treatment and help control pollution and its impacts on all environmental components. This also ensures conservation of resources through their reuse and recycling, use of better energy and water-efficient appliances and mechanisms. Adoption of best environmentally appropriate technology to ensure the quality of treated sewage as per Consent Conditions and regulations, and minimization of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, adoption of the best standard in case the treated water is to be reused for agriculture based on detailed study and consultations, are important also considering overall pollution loads due to multiple discharges into the river. Temporary construction stage pollution impacts on water, soil, fauna/ flora, workers and communities are moderate and can be managed by following regulations, adopting best practices, training; and ensuring implementation of avoidance, monitoring, and implementation of mitigation measures. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 10 Treated sewage will be discharged from the STP during the construction (from existing STP) and operation phases (from the new STP) into the river Sabarmati. Discharge standards for treated sewage, suggested by National Green Tribunal, with additional monitoring parameters for Bathing water quality (class B, as per CPCB Designated Best Use criteria), and use of river for irrigation (CPCB Class D: Designated Best Use criteria) will be followed. This NGT standards is an improvement over and more stringent than Environmental Protection (EP) Rules 1986 of the Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) of the Government of India. (Discharge Standards in EP Rules 1986 is mentioned as accepted national standards under WB EHS standards for Water and Sanitation). The subproject will follow the most stringent criteria among all available standards/ limits. Irrigation Department of the Government of Gujarat had requested AMC to supply treated sewage from the STPs for downstream agriculture uses, by discharging through Fatehwadi Canal. With improved quality of treated sewage, such reuse can be encouraged. In case AMC and irrigation department decides to use treated sewage for agriculture from the bank supported project, (i) permit for the same shall be obtained from GPCB (and that AMC has already informed irrigation department that they can discharge into the canal only after receiving permit for this from GPCB), (ii) AMC & Irrigation Department shall discuss & decide on the quantity of water required for such discharge after obtaining permit; (iii) AMC with the support of Irrigation Department shall undertake a study on reuse of treated effluent for irrigation in line with the Central Pollution Control Board’s Guidelines of Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, 2018, through reputed Agricultural University with stakeholder consultations as per the Guidelines and after agreement with stakeholders and permit from GPCB, discharge the treated sewage so as to avoid any negative environmental and health issue on downstream communities. GHG Emissions In a business-as-usual scenario, where the plant is not upgraded, the carbon emissions due to methane from treated and untreated wastewater alone would be 43,583tCO2e/yr. With the proposed technologies, carbon emissions would reduce to 8,895 tCO2e/yr from the biological treatment alone. The carbon emissions due nitrous oxide would also reduce from 30,739 tCO2e/yr to 4,477tCO2e/yr through the biological treatment process. In a project intervention scenario, although the quantum of wastewater treated would increase in the design year, 2039, it would only result in increased GHG emissions from use of electricity at TSPS as well as STP, and increased sludge quantum and subsequent transport of dried sludge to BARC plant. However, the methane and nitrous emissions from treatment of wastewater and disposal of sludge would significantly be reduced due to improved methane correction factors in the proposed technologies. Furthermore, project intervention would ensure that there is no discharge of untreated sewage into the water bodies, thus reducing emissions from untreated wastewater discharged into the water bodies. Through the project intervention, 41,449 tCO2e/yr of GHG emissions can be saved on an average. Increased plantation will aid in carbon sequestrations. The new STP will have a green belt around the plant (minimum of 30%-33% of area) as per existing national regulations and along internal roads. With this increased tree cover, 2783 tCO2e/yr of emissions can be reduced. Community Health and Safety (ESS 4) Community health and safety issues may result from poor quality of treated sewage, or discharge of untreated sewage/bypass during maintenance or extreme events and its impacts in downstream villages. Community Health and safety risk during construction may also be due to air pollution (dust & air emissions), odor, traffic movement, congestion & Safety, noise, others). Impacts due to flooding of STP premises during monsoons also need consideration. Impacts and risks on nearby communities (especially squatter settlements) are expected during the construction phase and can be avoided, and managed by proper work activity planning, scheduling, training, and adopting mitigation measures. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 11 Impact on downstream users due to release of untreated sewage is also identified. This may happen due to failure of the functioning and during the construction phase. After the upgradation of the STP, there will be an improvement in the quality of the treated water released in the Sabarmati River which will benefit downstream users. Appropriate mitigation measures such as a Traffic Management plan and diversion of wastewater during construction will be required to avoid and minimize the impacts occurring and potentially identified on downstream users. Settlements are located across the highway from the STP cluster. There is a squatter settlement that has come up after the STPs were commissioned, located along the service road and the Fatehwadi canal that may experience impacts largely related to dust & air emission traffic and related movement of material, equipment, and labor during construction. The present access road to the STP is ‘kuccha’ (mud road) and is not suitable for the movement of heavy vehicles and equipment. Road repair and upgradation, as part of the project, has been recommended to mitigate dust and air pollution during the construction phase of the project. This suggestion of the ESIA has been incorporated, and the proposed access road improvement is included as part of the subproject: Upgradation of existing 240 MLD STP at Vasna. As the existing mud road will be improved without any additional land requirement and as there is no houses right by the road, this will not cause any adverse social impacts. Women and girls in the adjacent settlements and communities may face increased risk of gender- based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual harassment (GBV and SEA/SH) for women and girls due to larger labor presence and other labor influx related risks. The sub-project will implement the project level SEA/SH action plan (to be prepared by AMC prior commencement of civil work) to minimize and mitigate these risks. The project’s GRM will have specific processes to handle grievances related to SEA/SH. Considering the disaster proneness of the area, especially the flooding and safety aspects of the Vasna Barrage ; hydrological and flood assessment including a study on Dam Break Analysis & Flooding Stimulation, preparation of inundation maps and emergency action plan for Vasna Barrage has been done and results of that has to be considered in design of the facility construction and operations and emergency response plans appropriately considering community and worker health and safety and pollution impacts specifically during emergencies, and climate events . Outcome/output of this assessment shall be incorporated in the design of all STPs which might be impacted and subsequently assessed in C-ESIA & mitigation measures if required included in C-ESMP. Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan and Disaster Management Plan will be part of C-ESIA/C- ESMP. Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement (ESS 5) The augmentation and upgradation of technology are proposed to be carried out within the existing STP premises boundary. An Informal settlement is located adjacent to the STP which will not be impacted due to road repairs and upgradation or any of the STP related activities during construction or operation. There are no potential involuntary resettlement issues identified, as there is no land acquisition of private land or alienation of additional government land for the proposed upgradation. There are no restrictions to access the river or public infrastructure or change in land use due to the proposed rehabilitation of the STP. No families are located within boundary premises. Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources (ESS 6) The nearest key biodiversity area for this site is Thol Wildlife Sanctuary (man-made) in Mahesana district, which is around 20 km from the project site, with 10 km of intervening urban high density mixed land use. The lake received water from rains and Narmada Canal, westward of the city and is ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 12 not affected by outflows or air, noise, dust or vibration during construction and operations of the proposed STP. On site, currently there are around 200 trees of various ages, mostly along the periphery of the site and internal roads, in addition to shrubs and over growth. Trees majorly include Peltophorum pterocarpum and Azadirecta indica. No endangered fauna / flora are observed on existing STP site. Measures to protect old trees will be considered during designing of the project. Clearing of shrubs will not have any impact on natural vegetation of the region. The proposed project may also require tree planting based on the number of trees cut. It was observed that the entire stretch of Sabarmati is infested with the Pistia sp. and Eichhornia crassipes which has altered the natural habitat. Sabarmati River stretch is a modified habitat as the water is being sourced from Narmada canal and stored at the river front stretch using the shutters of the Vasna Barrage. The riparian zone of the Sabarmati is converted into the riverfront in the Ahmedabad city. The region around is heavily industrialised, and fast converting into urban land uses, with pollutants reaching the already dry river. However, Hon’ble NGT has constituted River Rejuvenation Committee which has initiated the process of river rejuvenation, but curtailing pollution, monitoring e-flow, undertaking plantations etc, through various stakeholder departments. No tree cutting has been envisaged on STP site, as the construction will occur within footprint and site of existing STP. ESIA was prepared on the basis of the draft FR shared and in April 2022, there has been a change in the design and now it is proposed that in section I, STP of minimum capacity of 120 MLD shall be constructed in available 10 ha land. After demolishing of the existing STP and commissioning of the section I STP the remaining land area will be utilized to construct the remaining capacity of the STP. Based on discussions with design consultants, vacant land and land under existing UASB reactors and sludge drying beds may be utilised for construction of new STP and related aspects. Therefore, after finalization of design by DBOT, number of trees required to be cut will be finalized and must be mentioned in the CESMP. Temporary construction stage impacts are expected on the existing flora and fauna on-site, due to air and water pollution and noise due to construction activities. However, the existing site is in the noisy neighbourhood where Metro Depot Construction work is ongoing. No uprooting of trees on site is expected, as proposed activities will be carried out on existing premises and/or structures. The proposed area is an existing STP and is a modified habitat hence the impacts on ecological aspects of the site are not envisaged. Discharge of untreated/ sub-optimally treated sewage and waste into the waterbodies (mainly Sabarmati and Fatehwadi Canal) may impact the biological process of macrophytes and aquatic fauna. River Sabarmati is already an altered area/ modified habitat due to decades of low water flow as it is non-perennial, and inflow of water from Narmada Canal. There are no critical species here, and there will be no impact since the site is not natural and is a modified habitat with no ecological importance presently. NO RET species are recorded from the study area. However, the subproject interventions to improve the discharge quality will thereby improve the biodiversity in the river and the region downstream of the discharge point, thus supporting overall biodiversity improvement. Cultural Heritage (ESS 8) Assessment for heritage structures and cultural places was carried out. The nearest monument is the Fateh Baug Fort at a distance of 1.6 km from the STP which will not be impacted by the proposed activities in the existing STP site. Chance finds procedure to be implemented considering the status of the historic core of Ahmedabad as a World Heritage City. Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure (ESS 10) Consultations were held with stakeholders including squatter settlement inhabitants, STP operators, AMC officials during the preparation of ESIA for sub-project and SEP for G-ACRP project and post disclosure of the ESMF and ESIA. The key findings from consultation with the residents of the squatter settlement reveal that the squatter households do not have access to municipal services. They live in ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 13 temporary structures in poor conditions. The slum dwellers do not have access to sanitary toilets and piped water. They experience odor from the STP and thus expect that the rehabilitation of the STP will help remedy this issue. The slum residents feel that labor influx may cause insecurity for them and they are not aware of grievance mechanism of AMC. The sub-project will implement the project level SEP to engage with relevant stakeholders including the poor and vulnerable groups. Any grievances regarding the sub-project activities will be processed through the project level GRM as specified in the SEP. AMC will conduct awareness campaign to inform the settlement dwellers about the GRM. The ESIA for Upgradation of Vasna 375 MLD STP addresses the above suggestions of the stakeholders’ post disclosure by including mitigation measures for issues raised in consultations such as access to public services, health and safety concerns during construction, improvement in the treated sewage quality, reduction is odor in operation phase, etc. Post disclosure of ESMF and ESIA consultations were carried out in February and March 2022. Public consultation was conducted on 07/06/2022 by AMC in Pandit Dindayal Upadhyaya Auditorium, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad. The key concerns raised by stakeholders have been incorporated in the ESIA for 240 MLD STP. The suggestions of the stakeholders by including monitoring of noise, sludge, air and water and its analysis for defining the baseline and mitigation measures. The project suggests improved management of all wastes and treated water quality to confirm with latest NGT suggested standards (with TSS<10 mg/l). Labour health and safety will be given high priority and appropriate measures to follow and monitor labour regulations have been suggested in the ESMP. Cumulative Impacts The cumulative impact assessment shows that the upgradation of 240 MLD sub-project and construction of new 375 MLD STP (within the STP site boundaries) at the site of existing 126 MLD STP (and then demolishing the existing STP), and rehabilitation of Pirana 180 MLD STP will have positive impacts on all the environmental parameters particularly the water quality of the Sabarmati River and/or Fatehwadi Canal and downstream uses3. Existing operating STP BOD, COD, TDS, concentrations load were found higher which after treatment and meeting the NGT guidelines would significantly decrease these loads and will have positive impacts on the Sabarmati River water quality. It can be expected that the biological diversity may increase in this non-perennial river in the long run, and ground water quality in the region would improve. The Vasna 126 MLD capacity plant treats about 9% of the total sewage generated in AMC. New STP of 375 MLD capacity in place of the existing one will reduce the environmental load on BOD, COD and TSS (including that of untreated/ sub-optimally treated sewage getting directly/ indirectly reaching the river) by around 70 to 80%. Existing sewer lines and TSPSs cater to this STP. Minor improvements to TSPS are proposed as part of the rehabilitation of the STP. Air quality during construction may have a temporary cumulative impact due to the ongoing construction activities at the Gyaspur metro depot situated to the northern side of the proposed sub- project site. The project was expected to be completed by April 2022, which might get delayed due to the ongoing third wave of Covid 19. However, it is expected that the construction would get completed before initiating site works for the proposed new Vasna 375 MLD STP construction. The rehabilitation of Vasna 240 MLD STP will also contribute to the incremental air pollution due to construction activities if carried out simultaneously. However, demolition activities at Vasna 240 MLD STP would begin before demolition activities at Vasna 126 MLD STP where the construction of STP is proposed in two sections. Initially Section I of STP with minimum capacity of 120 MLD shall be constructed to meet better discharge standards (NGT suggested norms with TSS<10 mg/l); in the available 10 ha land parcel. After 3 In case GPCB provides consent for disposal of treated sewage into Fatehwadi Canal to reuse for irrigation ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 14 commissioning of Section I STP, existing STP will be demolished, and the area thus retrieved, and the available remaining site area will be used to construct the remaining capacity of STP (255 MLD) and odor control system. Hence such cumulative impact is expected to be for a limited period during overlapping construction periods if any. Since the site is surrounded by STPs Metro Depot, and the river; sensitive receptors of noise and dust impacts are the squatter settlements along the access road. Short-term impacts on receptors are associated with the impacts due to increment in air pollutants like dust, and emissions from vehicles and machinery, increment in noise levels due to movement of vehicles, and operation of machinery which could be mitigated by adopting best practices and mitigation plans. The surfacing of the approach road to 240 MLD STP and 126 MLD has been included in the rehabilitation of Vasna 240 MLD STP. The construction of all-weather roads will significantly mitigate air pollution during the construction phase. Sabarmati River carries discharges from multiple sources including industries, STPs, effluent treatment plants, ‘mega line’ carrying treated effluents from CETPs of industrial areas, commercial / residential areas, storm water drains, canals etc., in the city of Ahmedabad, and the region upstream (which has agricultural areas, and city of Gandhi Nagar and other local bodies), and downstream (agricultural areas and industrial centres). Currently, the quality of treated sewage from the Vasna 126 MLD STP is suboptimal as it is old, obsolete, not able to treat to the required discharge standards as per the Consent to Establish and Operate Conditions laid down by GPCB. AMC aims to achieve the stringent quality of treated effluent in its new STPs and those proposed under G-ACRP, and at the same time reuse treated effluents4 to ensure resource efficiency and reduce Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) load on receiving water bodies. It is estimated that the subproject with increase in capacity to 375 MLD (from 126 + 35 MLD, with treated sewage meeting NGT prescribed stringent standards with TSS<10 mg/l and WB EHS) can ensure around 70-80 percent reduction in BOD, Suspended Solids, Phosphate and Nitrate pollution load due to this facility if implemented. Therefore, it is not expected that the proposed Vasna STP project will be resulting in negative cumulative impacts for the receiving body but will contribute to improving the quality of water in the receiving water body. 8. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ESMP for the design/ pre-construction, construction, and operation stages of the project has been developed based on the assessment conducted. It presents the management of environmental and social impacts adopting mitigation hierarchy - (a) Anticipate and avoid risks and impacts; (b) Where avoidance is not possible, minimize or reduce risks and impacts to acceptable levels; (c) Once risks and impacts have been minimized or reduced, mitigate; and (d) Where significant residual impacts remain, compensate for or offset them, were technically and financially feasible. ESMP will be incorporated in the bid documents while bidding out DBOT contracts so that the contractor allocates the required resources and mechanisms to implement these measures. The treated sewage quality for discharge into Sabarmati shall comply with the standards suggested in this ESIA (NGT prescribed standards with TSS<10 mg/l) and/ or most stringent standards prescribed by the GPCB/NGT/regulators at any point of time. If AMC and Irrigation Department wishes to reuse treated water for agricultural purposes consent for disposal of treated sewage to Fatehwadi Canal shall be arranged from GPCB and after conducting a detailed study through Agricultural University based on the CPCB guidance on reuse of treated water for irrigation. The design shall incorporate mitigations measures and emergency preparedness to protect from flooding; AMC has conducted hydrological and flood assessment including a study on Dam Break Analysis & Flooding Stimulation, preparation of inundation maps and emergency action plan for Vasna Barrage has been done and 4 FR mentions the same ins Chapter 1 in Provision of Sustainable Green Interventions ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 15 results of that has to be considered in design of the facility construction and operations and emergency response plans appropriately considering community and worker health and safety and pollution impacts specifically during climate events. Provision to hold untreated sewage,diversion to other STPs or other suitable measures are required to be made so that during any STP breakdown/ shutoff or emergencies, the untreated sewage does not flow into the water body or nearby premises and downstream villages; in line with NGT and High Court orders on release of untreated sewage into the environment. Responsibility to prepare Sludge Management Plan is with the Contractor, and will be approved by AMC. Mechanical cleaning will be recommended strongly and any manual cleaning will be avoided for USAB reactors and all sludge management mechanisms. Regular cleaning/ removal of sludge and solid waste to minimize odor nuisance and its disposal shall be ensured by AMC, in their facilities as per existing regulations. Solar lighting/ use of solar energy as much as feasible (provided disposal of hazardous and e-waste including solar disposal is arranged as per regulations, proper storage and use of PPEs while working with damaged panels are ensured). Energy saving fitting (LED lighting) and equipment, motors are fitted with variable frequency drive (VFD). Special attention to include vulnerable groups in project benefits and continuous stakeholder engagement to ensure such inclusion. Preparation of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for various activities which includes training, PPEs use, templates for permissions, recording and reporting, by contractors/ PIU. IEC materials shall be planned, printed and displayed during construction, creating awareness, display of posters etc. Training and capacity building of the designated persons for implementing of various plans. 9. Monitoring Plan During the construction phase, Environmental and social monitoring will be carried out to check the quality of the environment and triggering of social impacts during ongoing construction activities. It will be carried out through a contractor and PIU will be responsible for the review of the implementation of monitoring. Monitoring will include assessment of Ambient air quality, Intake sewage quality, outfall treated water quality, Ambient noise, Ground water quality, soil quality, and sludge quality. This monitoring shall also include OHS aspects, community safety, and workers safety, labor and working conditions, livelihoods impacts, consultations as part of Construction Supervision and Quality Control by the PMC. During the operation phase, environmental monitoring will be conducted to understand the impacts on environmental attributes due to project activities. It will be carried out through the DBOT/ O&M contractor and AMC will be responsible for the review of implementation. Monitoring will include Ambient air quality, Inlet sewage quality, outlet treated water quality, Ambient noise, Ground water quality, Soil quality & sludge quality. To ensure adherence to the ESMP, maintenance of the plant and CTE conditions E&S audit shall be conducted by a third party during the operation phase. The annual E&S audit to include: 1. Physical assessment of the STP and units’ operation status and premises 2. Identification and assessment of environmental management practices 3. Health and safety risks for workers and communities including GBV, SEA/ SH risks 4. Compliances to ESS, National, State, and Local laws and mandatory and statutory compliances including permissions, consent conditions, labor health, safety, security, welfare, etc 5. Implementation of EHS, GRM, various action plans at the site. 6. Maintenance of documents, records, and reports required for the site. 7. LMP compliances. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 16 8. Assessment of capacities, technology in achieving NGT standards with TSS<10 mg/l and for design specification 9. Environmental monitoring analysis pre and post-treatment 10. Sludge generation and treatment. 11. General work safety records and incident reporting 12. Compliance to CTE (in the construction phase) and CTO (in operation phase) conditions or other regulatory conditions. 13. Support provided to slum communities 10. Capacity Building Capacity building will be required at all stages including planning, construction, and operation. It will include various workshops and seminars for AMC project staff, concerned PIU, Contractors staff, supervisors, consultants, environmental and social experts, laborers, stakeholders, etc. The topics for training will include Health and Safety, Environmental management and ESMP implementation, regulatory requirements, Monitoring requirements, Gender equality, biodiversity and wildlife awareness, and others. 11. Grievance Redressal Mechanism The types of grievances stakeholders may raise include, but are not limited to: • Construction related impacts – cracks, damages to structures; dust damaging crops/ trees • Health and safety risks. • Negative impacts on the environment. • Negative impacts on communities, which may include, but not be limited to financial loss, physical harm, and nuisance from construction or operational activities and GBV, SEA/SH. AMC has a functional complaint system (CCRS, http://www.amccrs.com) which includes a web portal and a toll-free number. It records almost 40-50 thousand complaints every month. Any complaint registered in the system is forwarded to respective zones for action. Each complaint has a proper system by which it can be escalated if one is not happy with the resolution. If some complaints come directly to the zonal office (mostly from the urban poor) they are recorded in the main system. The CCRS is synced with the Gujarat Government’s CM Helpline and any complaints coming there are also recorded in the system. 12. Implementation Arrangements This ESIA is prepared at the Feasibility stage of the proposed subproject. At this stage, Feasibility for rehabilitating the STP and its implementation mechanism has been examined and the Feasibility Report suggests bidding out the proposed subproject in a technology-agnostic manner under Design - Build - Operate (DBOT) Format, where the bidder can suggest the best environmentally appropriate technology to ensure the suggested discharge standards. In this case, since the technology is not finalized at this stage, it is proposed to include the ESMP in the procurement documents to enable the DBOT contractor to understand the E&S requirements and include required resources and implementation mechanisms to ensure the management/ mitigation measures. Once the design is finalized during the implementation stage, the DBOT contractor will get the ESMP updated based on actual technology/ design. Sustainable Urban Development Unit (SUDU) of the PIU constituted at AMC, along with PMC will review and send the document for World Bank review and approval. PMC will supervise E&S aspects and OHS / CHS as part of construction supervision and quality control. The third-party audit will be conducted annually during each year of the project, also including a review of all E&S aspects during construction including ESMP implementation, OHS/ CHS and environmental monitoring. The E&S audit will be shared with the World Bank for review and comments, and finalised based on comments/ suggestions and corrective/improvement measures will be implemented in a time bound manner. Subproject details will be monitored through ESMIS. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 17 13. Estimated Budget for Implementation and supervision of ESMP Total project cost for design and upgradation of STP to meet NGT standards with TSS<10 mg/l, biogas plant and transportation of sludge to disposal facility , Grid-connected Solar Roof Top system, odor control unit, construction of bituminous road, setting up of contractors’ yards, contingences is INR 693 Crores (INR 69 million). ESIA, CESMP updation by separate ESIA consultant, and E&S specialists with the Contractor to oversee implementation shall be made part of project design & Human Resources Fee; in addition to green belt development cost, labour camp establishment (if required), permits/licence/ consent fees. The total residual cost of ESMP implementation during design/ pre- construction (6 months to 1 year), construction (4.5 years) and operations stages (15 years) is INR 4.93 Crores (INR 49.36 million, USD 631505.545) during pre-construction/ construction stages; and annual cost of INR 23.31 lakhs (INR 2.33 million, USD 29876.46) every year of O&M. This includes Monitoring Costs and ESMP Residual Costs (other than those made part of Contractors Works Costs such as labour camp, green belt, PPEs etc, C-ESIA/ CESMP cost, Permit/ Licence Costs and Human Resources Cost). 14. Aspects for inclusion in ESCP Disclosure and consultation of this ESIA, inclusion of the ESMP prepared here in procurement documents for agreement from the contractor on E&S requirements, and Updation of ESIA and ESMP for the subproject after finalizing the detailed design shall be included in ESCP. Design should be responsive to the quality of sewage received at the inlet, and measures shall be incorporated to meet the suggested standards. Bidding documents and contracts to include ESMP and Monitoring Plan to enable the DBOT contractor to allocate appropriate time, resources (manpower and budget) for implementing ESMP Update as required, get approvals, disclose and implement the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Proposed Rehabilitation of Vasna 375 MLD STP subproject. A detailed study on flooding and its impact on investments shall inform the building of resilient infrastructure. C-ESIA, C-ESMP shall be prepared by the DBOT contractor for the design prepared, incorporating the recommendations of the assessment on flooding which has been completed. In addition, AMC shall have adequate capacity to implement and monitor the sub-project E&S requirements, ESMP, Monitoring Plan, and Capacity Building requirements identified here, as stipulated in ESCP. Monitor all emissions/discharges/ disposal of wastes (including sludge, slurry) from project facilities during construction and operation stages and ensure that the discharges from project facilities into the environment are as per the latest limits suggested by MoEFCC, GPCB, WB EHS and National Green Tribunal whichever is stringent for each parameter. The technology shall be upgraded to meet the directions of GPCB in the consent orders, and any stringent standards suggested by regulators. Conduct earthquake proneness, and flooding/ other risks if any due to presence of Barrage or any disasters; and incorporate avoidance, mitigation, and management measures and Prepare Disaster Management Plan including Standard Operating Procedures for each STP (as part of DPR, ESIA). Operations shall also follow the latest Disaster Management Plan for Gujarat. 15. Stakeholder consultations Consultations were carried out for the preparation of the draft ESIA report. Consultations have been carried out with various stakeholders including squatter settlement inhabitants, STP operators, AMC officials during the preparation of ESIA for sub project. Stakeholder consultation is a dynamic process and consultations will be carried out during the life cycle of the G-ACRP project. Draft and Final ESIA, ESMPs (in English, with translated summary in Gujarati) has been disclosed on the website6 of the implementing agency, namely AMC, and in the external website of the World Bank on Feb 10, 2022. 5 Based on average from 9th to 18th May 2022, INR to USD exchange rate was 77.45. 6 https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/web?requestType=ApplicationRH&actionVal=viewAttachment&queryType=Select &screenId=2900003&AttachmentFileName=ESIA-126-MLD-STP.pdf ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 18 Consultations were also carried out after a month of disclosure of ESIA and ESMP on the website of AMC. The suggestions of the stakeholders are incorporated, and the documents will be re-disclosed. 16. Recommendations and the Way Forward This ESIA/ ESMP shall be updated once the detailed sub-project design is finalized during the implementation stage. ESIA has assessed and outlined important points which shall be included in the Procurement Documents and the detailed design during the implementation stage; for ensuring environmentally and socially beneficial works and operations. The key impact of the subproject will be overall benefits due to the improved quality of treated sewage discharged into the Sabarmati River, resulting in an overall improvement in the environment and health of the people in the city and its region. The ESIA highlights the moderate level of risks and impacts on environmental and social parameters due to the proposed sub-project. These are not long-term – irreversible; but mostly expected to occur during the construction phase and can be avoided, mitigated, and managed. There is no involvement of land acquisition for this project as the proposed activities will be conducted within the existing boundary. There will be minor to moderate construction and operation stage risks and impacts on (i) Noise and Air quality due to construction and demolition, transportation activities, (ii) Occupational and Community Health and Safety risks and impacts, (iii) minor disturbances to local/onsite flora and fauna and nearby locally important cultural assets (graveyard) during construction phase, (iv) generation of sludge and wastes including (solid waste, non-biodegradable wastes, E-wastes, Hazardous Wastes, and C&D Wastes) which need to be managed well to minimize risks and impacts, (iv) accidental discharge of sub-optimally treated sewage or flooding v) Impacts of discharge from STP on adjoining communities, during construction phase and downstream communities during operations phase; vi) increased risk of gender based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual harassment (GBV and SEA/SH) for women and girls due to larger labor presence and; other labor influx related risks. ESMP lists out mechanisms to avoid, mitigate and manage these risks and impacts through good design, adoption of stringent discharge standards and regulatory compliance; and following good international industry practices. Mitigation measures for the same are provided. There will be cumulative impact due to the outflow of treated sewage from this and other STPs proposed to be upgraded through G-ACRP which will be highly beneficial given the project objective to ensure stringent discharge standards. After implementation of the subproject treated water quality will be improved and the same will help improve the ecological balance of the Sabarmati River which is currently a modified habitat with no water during most of the year, thereby resulting in an overall better environment and health of the city and its region. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 19 SUMMARY (in Local Language) સારાાંશ ૧. પ�રોજેક�ટન ાં વર�ણન : ગજરાત સરકાર ગજરાત રે �ીલીઅન�ટ સીટી પ�રોગ�રામ માટે વવશ�વ બેંકની નાર�ાકીય સહાયનો ઉપયોગ કરવા માાંગે છે જેનો હેત અમદાવાદ મ�યવનવસપલ કોપોરે શનમાાં શહેરી સેવા વવતરર� (મખ�યત�વે ડ�રેનેજ) ાં થાકીય સેવા વવતરર� વ�યવસ�થા અને નાર�ાકીય વ�યવસ�થાને મજબત કરવાનો અને શહેરી વવસ�તારોમાાં માટેસસ� સેવાઓના સાંચાલન માટે રાજ�યની સાંસ�થાકીય ક�ષમતા અને ઈન�રાસ�રક�ચર ને મજબત કરવાનો છે . સ ૂચચત પ�રોજેક�ટ માાં ત�રર� મખ�યઘટકોનો સમાવેશ થાય છે . ઘટક – ૧ : અમદાવાદ મ�યવનવસપલ કોપોરે શનની (�.�મ.સી) નાર�ાકીય વ�યવસ�થા અને કામગીરી ને મજબત બનાવવી : આ ઘટક �.�મ.સી. ને તેની નાર�ાકીય કામગીરી અને �ડપથી વવસ�તરી રહેલી શહેરી વસ�તીને સારી ગર�વત�તાની સેવાઓ પહોંચાડવા અને ટકાવી રાખવાની ક�ષમતાને અસર કરતા મખ�ય અવરોધોને સાંબોધવા માટે તકનીકી સહાય પરી પાડશે. આ પ�રવ ૃવત�તન ાં ધ�યાન લાાંબા ગાળાના મ ૂડી રોકાર� આયોજન, વધરાર� અને બજેટટિંગ, મ�યવનવસપલ આવક પેદા કરવા અને જમીન આધાટરત વધરાર�નો લાભ લેવા માટે અ.મ�ય.કો. ની ઘટક – ૨: વસસ�ટમને મજબ ૂત કરવા પર રહેશે. શહેરી સેવાઓમાાં સધારો : આ ઘટક પસાંદગીની શહેરી સેવાઓ - કચરો - પાર�ી વ�યવસ�થાપન સેવાઓ, સ�રોમ વોટર ડ�રેનેજ (નોંધપાત�ર ઇન�રાસ�રક�ચર ગાબડા, નબળા સેવા સ�તરો અને નકારાત�મક પયાણવરર�ીય અને સામાજજક બાહ�યતાઓની દ�રષ�ટટ� પ�રાથવમકતા)ની ગર�વત�તા, સરળતા, ટકાઉપણ ાં અને સ�સ�થવતસ�થાપકતામાાં સધારો કરવા માટે અ.મ�ય ઘટક – ૩:ને વ�યાપક સમથણન પ�રદાન કરશે. .કો. સાંસ�થાકીય પ�રર�ાલીઓ અને ક�ષમતાઓ વવકસાવવી : આ ઘટક અમદાવાદમાાં શહેરી વ�યવસ�થાપન, સેવા વવતરર� અને વધરાર� માટે �કાંદર સાંસ�થાકીય અને શાસન માળખાને મજબ ૂત કરવા પર ધ�યાન કે ષ�ન�દ�રત કરશે, અને ગજરાતના અન�ય ઉભરતા શહેરોને ક�ષમતા-વનમાણર� સહાય પ ૂરી પાડવા માટે અ.મ�ય.કો. ની સારી પદ�ધવતઓનો લાભ લેવા માટે �ક પ�લેટફોમણ વવકસાવશે. ૨. �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ ના સમયે પેટા પ�રોજેક�ટ ડેવલપમેન�ટની સ�સ�થવત પેટાપ�રોજેક�ટ શક�યતા અભ�યાસ / વવગતવાર પ�રોજેક�ટ ટરપોટણ વનમાણર� હેઠળ છે . આ �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ દ�વારા તૈયાર કરવામાાં આવેલ ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી. સટહત ટડ�ાઇન - ચબલ�ટ - ઓપરે ટ - રાન�સફર (ડી.બી.ઓ.ટી.) વમકેવન�મ પર અમલીકરર� માટે પેટા પ�રોજેક�ટન ાં વીડીંગ થશે. જેથી કોન�રાક�ટર ઈ�ન�ડ�સ પાસાઓના અમલીકરર� અને સાંચાલન માટે જરૂરી સાંસાધનોની યોજના બનાવી શકે અને ગોઠવી શકે. ૩. સબપ�રોજેક�ટન ાં વર�ણન વાસર�ા ખાતે ૧૨૬ �મ.�લ.ડી. ક�ષમતાના હાલના સ�જ રીટમેન�ટ પ�લાન�ટ (�સ.ટી.પી.) ને જી.આર.સી.પી. પ�રોજેક�ટ હેઠળ અપગ�રેડેશન માટે પ�રસ�તાવવત કરવામાાં આવ�યો છે . આ �સ.ટી.પી. વર�ણ ૨૦૦૪ માાં બનાવવામાાં આવ�ય ાં હત ાં અને વર�ોથી, તેની કામગીરી બગડેલી છે કારર� કે રીટેડ ગટરની ગર�વત�તા પરથી સ�પટટ થાય છે , અને ઘર�ી માળખાકીય સવવધાઓ જર�જટરત છે . હાલના �સ.ટી.પી. માાં વપરાતી પ�રટિયા અપફ�લો �નારોચબક સ�લજ બ�લેન�કેટ રી�ક�ટર છે યોગ�ય થી શકે. (ય.�.�સ.બી.) ��મસીનો પ�રસ�તાવ (i) રીટમેન�ટની પ�રટિયામાાં ફેરફાર કરવા ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 20 જેથી રીટમેન�ટ તેમજ કેચમેન�ટમાાં રહેતા તમામ રહેવાસીઓ દ�વારા ઉત�પાટદત સ�જની રીટમેન�ટ થઇ શકે. (ii) ઉચ�ચ કાયણક�ષમતા સવનવિત કરવી અને ઉચ�ચ સેવા સ�તર પ�રાપ�ત કરવ ાં. (iii) નેશનલ ગ�રીન ટરબ�યનલ (�ન.જી.ટી.) દ�વારા સ ૂચવ�યા મજબ રીટે ડ સ�જની ગર�વત�તા પ�રાપ�ત કરવી. આનાથી જળસ�ત�રોત અને જમીન (વસિંચાઈ માટે પનઃઉપયોગ) માાં રીટ ન કરાયેલ અથવા સબઓપ�ટીમલ રીટેડ સ�જના વનકાલ અને બાયપાસને ઘટાડીને, સરફેસ અને ભ ૂગભણ જળ સ�ત�રોતોન ાં પ�રદર�ર� ઘટાડીને અને �કાંદર સધારર�ાને ટેકો આપીને તેના કેચમેન�ટ અને પ�રભાવના ક�ષેત�રમાાં વધ સારાં સ�જ વ�યવસ�થાપન પયાણવરર� અને સમાજના સ�વાસ��યન ાં સવનવિત કરશે. જે માટે ૪. વૈકલ�લ�પક વવશ�લેર�ર� વવકલ�પોના પ ૃ�થકરર� માટે કન��વેટીવ અચભગમને અનસરવા માટે વનદે વશત કરવામાાં આવે છે જેમાાં તાટકિક પગલાઓની શ�રેર�ીનો સમાવેશ થાય છે , ઉચ�ચ-સ�તરના વ�ય ૂહરચના વવકલ�પોથી કરી વધ વવગતવાર તકનીકી વવકલ�પો ધ�યાનમાાં લેવામાાં આવે છે . આ સામાન�ય રીતે અપનાવવામાાં આવતા કન��વેટીવ અચભગમનો ઉપયોગ કરીને • , વવકલ�પોન વૈકલ�લ�ર� ાં વવશ�લે વ�ય ૂહરચના પક નીચેન ર� સાઇટ ા િમમાાં પર વવકલ�પોને ડીસેન�રલાઈ� ધ�યાનમાાં રીટમે ન�ટને અન છે : માટે હાલની સેન�રલાઈ� રીટમેન�ટ ને લે સરવા છોડી દે વી. અહીં, હાલના કાયણરત �સ.ટી.પી. ને છોડી દઇ રહેવાસીઓ સેષ�પ�ટક ટાાંકીમાાં ઓનસાઇટ ડીસેન�રલાઈ� રીટમેન�ટનો ઉપયોગ કરશે જેને સ ૂચચત પેટાપ�રોજેક�ટ ગર�વામાાં આવે છે . • શ ૂન�ય અથવા નો પ�રોજેક�ટ વવકલ�પ:અહીં, પ�રોજેક�ટ વવના �ટલે કે, સ ૂચચત પ�રોજેક�ટ તથા અપગ�રેડેશનની પટરસ�સ�થતીની તલનામાાં હાલની પટરસ�સ�થવતને ચાલ રાખવી. • હાલના પ�લાન�ટન ાં સાંપ ૂર�ણ પનઃવનમાણર� : નવા �સટીપીન ાં પનઃવનમાણર� કરવા હાલના �ંસ.ટી.પી. ને તોડી પાડવો. • ટડ�ાઇન / ટેક�નૉલૉજી વવકલ�પો: �ન.જી.ટી. દ�વારા સ ૂચવવામાાં આવેલા કડક ટડસ�ચાર�જ ધોરર�ો મેળવવા માટેની ટેક�નૉલૉજીની સરખામર�ી વતણમાન ટેકનોલોજી સાથે કરવામાાં આવે છે . • વવગતવાર ટડ�ાઇન દરમ�યાન વધ તપાસને આધીન તથા પયાણવરર�ીય શ�રેટઠ વવકલ�પ અપનાવવામાાં આવશે. • વૈકલ�લ�પક ક�ષમતા : બે અલગ-અલગ �સટીપી (હાલના ૪૮ �મ�લડી �સટીપીની નજીક ૧૬૦ �મ�લડી અને વતણમાન ૧૨૬ �મ�લડી �સટીપીના સ�થાન પર ૨૧૫ �મ�લડી) અને �ક વસિંગલ �સટીપી (હાલના ૧૨૬ �મ�લડી �સટીપીના સ�થાન પર ૩૭૫ �મ�લડી �સટીપી) ની ક�ષમતાનો વૈકલ�લ�પક મ ૂલ�યાાંકન કરવામાાં આવ�ય ાં હત ાં. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 21 ૫. લાગ પડતા વનયમનકારી અને માગણદશણન માળખ ાં. ે ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ માટે લાગ પડતા વનયમનકારી માળખામાાં નીચેનાનો સમાવેશ થાય �ન�વાયણમન� છે : લાગ પડતી રાટરીય, રાજકીય અને શહેરી સ�તરની પયાણવરર�ીય અને સામાજજક નીવતઓ, વવવનયમો અને માગણદશણન (પયાણવરર� નીવત અને કાયદાઓ, જળ અને વાય અવધવનયમો, ધ�વનીના વનયમો, વવવવધ પ�રકારના કચરાના વ�યવસ�થાપનના વનયમો, વેટલેન��સ અને ઇકો સેસ�ન�સટટવ વવસ�તારો, વ ૃક�ષો કાપવા, જૈવવવવવધતા, ડેમ સલામતી સટહત) , જમીન સાંપાદન, પનવાણસ અને પનવણસન અવધવનયમ, અનસ ૂચચત જાવત અને અનસ ૂચચત જનજાવત (અત�યાચાર વનવારર�) અવધવનયમ, કાયણસ�થળ પર મટહલાઓની જાતીય સતામર�ી અવધવનયમ અને અન�યમાાં વાજબી વળતર અને પારદવશિતાનો અવધકાર. ભારતીય શ�રમ અને સાંબવાં ધત કાયદાઓ (મકાન અને અન�ય બાાંધકામ કામદારોનાાં (રોજગાર અને સેવાની શરતોન ાં વનયમન) અવધવનયમ, કારખાનાઓ અવધવનયમ, બાળ મજૂરી (પ�રવતબાંધ અને વનયમન) અવધવનયમ, લઘત�તમ વેતન કાયદો, કામદાર વળતર અવધવનયમ અને વનયમો વગેરે. વવશ�વ બેંક ઈ.�સ.�ફ. અને �.�સ.�સ.�સ. : ઈ.�સ.�સ.૭ અને ઈ.�સ.�સ.૯ વસવાય અન�ય તમામ �.�સ.�સ. સબપ�રોજેક�ટ માટે લાગ પડે છે . �.�સ.�સ.૫ � વનધાણટરત કરે છે કે પ�રોજેક�ટ - સાંબવાં ધત જમીન સાંપાદન અને જમીન ઉપયોગ પ�રવતબાંધોની અસરો (ભૌવતક વવસ�થાપન, આવથિક વવસ�થાપન અથવા સમદાયો અને વ�યસ�ક�તઓ બાંને પર) સાંબોધવામાાં આવશે. કારર� કે ત�યાાં કોઈ જમીન સાંપાદન નથી અને પનવણસન �.�સ.�સ.૫ લાગ પડત ાં નથી. �.�સ.�સ.૯ �વા પગલાાં પ ૂરા પાડે છે કે જેના દ�વારા નાર�ાકીય મધ�યસ�થીઓ (�ફ.�લ.�સ.) તેમના પોટણ ફોચલયોના પયાણવરર�ીય અને સામાજજક જોખમો અને અસરોન ાં વનરીક�ષર� અને સાંચાલન કરવા માટે જરૂરી છે . પ�રોજેક�ટની પ�રકૃવતને ધ�યાનમાાં લેતા �.�સ.�સ.૯ લાગ પડત ાં નથી. આજબાજની વસાહતોને �સ.ટી.પી. નાાં કારર�ે ખાસ કરીને કન�સ�રકશન પેજમાાં પડનાર તકલીફોન ાં વનવારર� ઈ.�સ.�સ. ૧ તથા ઈ.�સ.�સ. માાં સમાવી ૪ PROPOSED ESIA FOR વામાાં લેMLD 375 STPઆવે લ છે . 2022 AT VASNA, 22 વવશ�વ બેંક જૂથ �.�સ.�ચ.જી. અને અન�ય માગણદશણન �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ ઉપરના વનયમનકારી અને માગણદશણન માળખાના આધારે જી.આર.સી.પી. માટે પયાણવરર�ીય અને સામાજજક વ�યવસ�થાપન માળખા દ�વારા માગણદશણન મજબ તૈયાર કરવામાાં આવે છે . ૬. મ ૂળભ ૂત પયાણવરર�ીય પટરસ�સ�થવતઓ : બે�લાઇન પયાણવરર�ીય અને પાસાઓ નીચેના ટે બ�યલેટ સારાાંશમાાં રજૂ કરવામાાં આવ�યા છે . કો-ઓટડિનેટ�સ અક�ષાાંશ: ૨૨*૫૮'૪૪""�ન';રે ખાાંશ: ૭૨*૩૧'૨૨""ઈ" વહીવટી/ભૌવતક વોડણ નાં. ૫૨, સરખેજ, અમદાવાદ, ગજરાત, સાબરમતી નદીની પવિમ ઘટનાની વવગતો બાજ. સ�થાન નકશો ટફચ�યોગ�રાફી, માઇિોક�લાઇમેટ અને આસપાસની જમીનનો ઉપયોગ ટોપોગ�રાફી, ઢાળ અને અમદાવાદ શહેર વવસ�તાર નાના પેચ વસવાય �કવવધ રીતે સપાટ છે . માટી જમીનની સપાટીની ઊંચાઈ ૪૦ મીટરથી ૬૦ મીટર �.�મ.�સ.�લ. સધી છે અને દચક�ષર� તરફ સ�લોપ છે . સાઇટ સપાટ છે , ૪૨ – ૪૬ મી. થી ઢાળવાળી છે . �ચ.�ફ.�લ.૪૧.૭ મી છે . સ ૂક�ષ�મ આબોહવા સૌથી ગરમ મટહનો - મે (મહત�તમ તાપમાન ૪૧.૬*સી) સૌથી ઠાંડો મટહનો - જાન�યઆરી (લઘત�તમ તાપમાન ૨૭*સી) આસપાસની જમીનનો પ ૂવણ: ૨૦ મી ના અંતરે ૨૪૦ �મ.�લ.ડી. �સ.ટી.પી. ઉપયોગ અને પવિમ: �સ.ટી.પી. ને અડીને રહેર�ાાંક વવસ�તાર પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ ઉત�તર : કેનાલ અને રોડ અનિમે ૫૦ મીટર અને ૭૦ મીટર દર. દચક�ષર�: સાબરમતી નદી લગભગ ૨૪૦ મીટર કોઈપર� જમીનનો વાસર�ા બેરેજ 3 ટકમી ઉપરની તરફ સ�સ�થત છે , બેરેજના ડાઉનસ�રીમમાાં ઉપયોગ અથવા સાબરમતી પર બે સમાાંતર પલ છે જે સાઇટની ઉપરની તરફ ૧ ટકમી છે . મહત�વની રચના ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 23 સાઇટ વવગતો સાઇટ યોજના સાઇટનો અચભગમ સાઇટ પર પહોંચવા માટે નહેર બાજના રસ�તા દ�વારા �ક પાકા રસ�તાથી જોડાયેલ છે . મખ�ય અને નારોલ-સરખેજ રોડને �ન.�ચ. ૭૫૧ સાથે જોડતો કેનાલ બાજનો પેટાકાંપની �ક�સેસ રસ�તો. પ�લાન�ટે લગભગ ૫ મીટરની પહોળાઈવાળા ગેટ દ�વારા પ�રવેશ માગોન ાં વર�ણન સરચક�ષત કયો છે . સરક�ષા - હા અવધકારીઓ દ�વારા સાઇટને �ક�સેસ કરવા માટે , તમામ લોકો તેમજ સામગ�રીની ટહલચાલ માટે, અસ�ગ�નશામક વહન તથા અન�ય માટે વપરાય છે : હા વવસ�તાર ૨,૦૫,૦૦ ચો.મી., પાંચકોર� માચલકી અ.મ�ય.કો. �વતહાવસક જમીનનો �સ.ટી.પી., �સ.ટી.પી. બાાંધતા પહેલા સ�જફામણ ઉપયોગ હાલની જમીનનો હાલની �સ.ટી.પી. ઉપયોગ કદરતી લક�ષર�ો સાઇટ પર કોઈ નથી, સાબરમતી નદી સાઇટની દચક�ષર� તરફ કોઈ �વતહાવસક ઘટના પ ૂર દરવમયાન અસર? જો કોઈ ક�ષમતા હોય તો ૧૨૬ �મ.�લ.ડી. હાલની સવવધાન ાં વર�ણન: ટેકનોલોજી: ય.�.�સ.બી. હાલના પ�લાન�ટની સ�સ�થવત હાલની �સટીપી લગભગ ૧૮ વર�ણ જૂની છે અને પ�રોજેક�ટના ઘર�ા ઘટકો અને સલામતી વનષ�ટિય છે અને સાંપ ૂર�ણ ક�ષમતા પર કામ કરી રહ�યાાં નથી. તમામ વસવવલ ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 24 સ�રક�ચસણ અને આંતટરક રસ�તાઓ સારી સ�સ�થવતમાાં છે . કોઈપર� અવતિમર�ને રોકવા માટે �સટીપી તેની આસપાસ કોંટિટ ટદવાલ દ�વારા રચક�ષત છે . હાલની સવવધાન ાં વર�ણન જો કોઈ હાલની ફૂટવપ�રન�ટ છે :લગભગ ૭૫૦૦૦ ચો.મી સારવાર ક�ષમતા: ૧૨૬ �મ.�લ.ડી. ટેકનોલોજી: ય.�.�સ.બી. �કમો: ૧. ઇનલેટ ચેમ�બર �) બાર સ�િીન (મેન�યઅલ) બી) વમકેવનકલ સ�િીન (ઓટો) સી) ચગ�રટ અને ક�લાવસફાયર વમકેવન�મ ડી) પાશણલ ફ�લમ ૨. ય.�.�સ.બી. ટર�ક�ટર ૩. પ�રી-�રે શન ટાાંકીઓ ૪. ફ�લેશ વમક�સર ૫. ક�લેરી-ફ�લોક�યલેટસણ ૬. સ�લજ ડ�રાઈંગ બેડ ૭. બાયોગેસ હોલ�ડર બે�લાઇન પયાણવરર�ીય ગર�વત�તા સારવાર કરે લ પટરમાર�ો જી.પી.સી.બી. બે�લાઇન �ન.જી.ટી. � સ�જની ગર�વત�તા તરફથી સાંચાલન ગર�વત�તા ટડસ�ચાર�જ કરવા માટેની ધોરર�ો સાંમવત અનસાર સ ૂચવ�યા BOD(mg/l): સાંમત ધોરર�ો 20 28.86 ≤ 10 COD(mg/l): 100 117.39 ≤ 50 SS (mg/l) 30 38 ≤ 10 pH 6.5 to 8.0 7.61 6.5-9.0 Fecal Coliform 1000-10000 2x105 <230/ <100 MPN / 100 ml N Nil 22.68 ≤ 10 P Nil 2.5 ≤1 ઘોંઘાટ ઘોંઘાટન ાં સ�તર ઊંચ ાં છે જે મેરો ડેપોના હાલના ચાલ બાાંધકામને કારર�ે છે (જે �વપ�રલ ૨૦૨૨ સધીમાાં પ ૂર�ણ થવાની ધારર�ા છે ) ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 25 આસપાસની હવાની બધા પટરમાર�ો અનમવતપાત�ર મયાણદામાાં છે ગર�વત�તા છોડ સાંબવાં ધત હવા સ�જ અને સ�લજમાાંથી વાયઓ ઉત�સજર�જત થાય છે . સ�લજમાાંથી વમથેન ગર�વત�તા સમસ�યાઓ જેવા વાયઓ મક�ત થાય છે . ગેસ હોલ�ડર જગ�યા� છે . હાલના પ�લાન�ટમાાં વાહનોની અવરજવર ખ ૂબ જ ન�ય ૂનતમ છે અને ધ ૂળ અને અન�ય વાહનોના પ�રદૂ ર�કોન ાં ઉત�સર�જન નટહવત છે . આસપાસના ભ ૂગભણ જળ: તાજેતરના સી.પી.�ચ.ઈ.ઈ.ઓ. અને આઈ.�સ. કોડ ૨૦૧૨ પાર�ીની ગર�વત�તા મજબ પીવાના પાર�ીની ગર�વત�તાના ધોરર�ોનો ઉલ�લેખ કરી મોનીટરીંગના (જમીન અને પટરર�ામોને ધ�યાનમાાં રાખીને, આ સ�ત�રોતોમાાંથી પાર�ીનો ઉપયોગ રીટમેન�ટ સપાટી) વવના પીવા સપાટીન માટે વાસર�ા ાં પાર�ી: કરી શકાતો ખાતે નથી. ૧૨૬ �મ.�લ.ડી. �સ.ટી.પી. નજીક સાબરમતી ખાતે સપાટીના પાર�ી માટે નમ ૂના લેવામાાં આવ�યા હતા. મોવનટટરિંગ પરથી જર�ાય ાં છે કે, પાર�ીના નમ ૂનાઓમાાં બી.ઓ.ડી., ક�લોરાઇ�સ અને કોચલફોમણ પીવાના હેત માટે સપાટીના પાર�ીની ગર�વત�તાના માપદાંડના સી.પી.સી.બી. ૧૯૭૯ અને બી.આઈ.�સ. ૧૯૮૨ માટીની ગર�વત�તા ના ધોરર�ોને જમીન ઓળાંગી પર સ�લજનો રહ�યા કોઈ છે . જોવા મળ�યો નથી વનકાલ પ�રાર�ીસ ૃષ�ટટ અને સાઇટ પર ૪૫૦ - ૫૦૦ વ ૃક�ષો છે , જેમાાં મખ�યત�વે બાવળ અને લીમડાની વનસ�પવત �ં હાલની સાઇટમાાં લીલો પ�રજાવતઓ છે ; અને �ાડીઓન ાં વાવેતર કય. ાં ઓને આશ�રય વવસ�તાર છે જે વવવવધ પ�રકારના સામાન�ય પક�ષીઓ અને જત આપે છે . સાબરમતી નદીમાાં યકોવનિયા (આિમક) ની વ ૃદ�ધદ�ધ છે . સ ૂચચત પનવણસન કાયો સ ૂચચત પ�રવ ૃવત�ત વધ સારા ટડસ�ચાર�જ ધોરર�ો (�ન.જી.ટી. સ ૂચવેલા ધોરર�ો) ને પહોંચી વળવા (અપગ�રેડેશન માટે નવા �સ.ટી.પી. ન ાં વનમાણર�; હાલની �સટીપી, ગાંધ વનયાંત�રર� વસસ�ટમન ાં પ�રસ�તાવવત અપસ�રીમ ટડમોચલશન ત�રર� ટી.�સ.પી.�સ. પર ઇલેષ�ક�રકલ, વમકેવનકલ, ઇન�સ��મેન�ટે શન, નાના અને ડાઉનસ�રીમ વસવવલ સ�રક�ચર ટરપેર સાથે, હાલન ાં અપસ�રીમ ઇન�રાસ�રક�ચર જાળવી ચલિંક�ડ ઈન�રાસ�રક�ચર રાખવામાાં આવશે. સટહત) ગ�રીડ સાથે જોડાયેલ સોલાર રૂફ ટોપ અને ગ�રીન હાઉસ મોડલ - સોલર સ�લજ ડ�રાવયિંગ ઉમેરવામાાં આવશે ટી.�સ.પી.�સ. થી સાઇટ સધી પાઇપલાઇન નાખવામાાં આવશે - રાઇચ�િંગ મેઇન (ex. ૭૬ �મ.�લ.ડી. પ�લાન�ટથી ex. ૧૨૬ �મ.�લ.ડી.) વાસર�ા ૨૪૦ �મ.�લ.ડી. �સ.ટી.પી. અપગ�રેડેશન માટે પ�રોજેક�ટ અને ખચણ અંદાજમાાં �પ�રોચ રોડનો સમાવેશ; કારર� કે તે બાંને સાઇટ�સ દ�વારા શેર કરવામાાં આવે છે મીટીગેશન મે�ર ટડસ�ચાર�જ ધોરર�ો �ન.જી.ટી. પ�રમાર�ે લાવવાની જરૂર છે સ ૂચવેલા ધોરર�ો માટે મખ�ય અને જી.પી.સી.બી. પાસેથી પ�રાપ�ત કરવાની થતી કન�સેન�ટ, બાયપાસ પયાણવરર�ીય મદ�દાઓ ગર�વત�તાનો પનઃઉપયોગ ક�લોટરનેશન વવના ન કરવો, સામગ�રીનો સાંગ�રહ ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 26 યોગ�ય બનાવવો, વેસ�ટ અને સ�લજ સાંગ�રહ, પનઃઉપયોગમાાં સધારો કરવો. ટી.�સ.પી.�સ. ને ટરપેર કરવાની જરૂર છે . સામાજજક આધારરે ખા : સેન�સસ ૨૦૧૧ આપના આધારે સદર �સ.ટી.પી. સરખેજ વોડણ નાંબર ૫૨ માાં છે . સદર �સ.ટી.પી. સરચક�ષત વમલકત છે તથા અ.મ�ય.કો. ની માચલકીમા છે . સદર �સ.ટી.પી. ની આજબાજમાાં સ�કવોટર વસાહતો છે . જેમાાં ૬૦૦ થી ૭૦૦ ઘરો આવેલા છે . ે ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ અભ�યાસમાાં ઉપયોગમાાં લેવાતી અને ચચાણ કરવામાાં આવેલ મ ૂળભ ૂત �ન�વાયણમન� સામાજજક - આવથિક સ�સ�થવત સરખેજ માટે વોડણ નાંબર ૫૨ માટે વસ�તી ગર�તરી ૨૦૧૧ ના ડેટામાાંથી હતી જેમાાં �સ.ટી.પી. સ�સ�થત છે . ૨૦૦૧ - ૨૦૧૧ વચ�ચે અમદાવાદ (શહેરી) માટે દશકની વ ૃદ�ધદ�ધ ૨૭.૮૨% છે . અમદાવાદમાાં સ�થળાાંતર કરનારાઓ, સ�ક�વોટર વસાહતોમાાં રહેતા, કામદારોના બે જૂથોનો સમાવેશ કરે છે મોસમી સ�થળાાંતટરત બાાંધકામ કામદારો કે જેઓ ગજરાતના દાહોદ અને પડોશી રાજ�યોમાાં �ાબઆ અને બાાંસવાડાના આટદવાસી પટ�ટામાાંથી સ�થળાાંતર કરે છે અને વવચરતી જાવતઓ અને વવચરતી જનજાવતઓમાાંથી લાાંબા ગાળાના સ�થળાાંતર કરે છે . સ ૂચચત જનજાવત (�ન.ટી.ડી.�ન.ટી.) સમદાયો. કામદારો તેમના પટરવારો સાથે સ�થળાાંતર કરે છે અને શહેરભરમાાં ખાલી પ�લોટ, રે લ�વે રેક અને ક�યારે ક ફૂટપાથ પર સ�ક�વોટર વસાહતોમાાં રહે છે . સરકાર આ વસાહતોની ગર�તરી કરતી નથી અને આ વસાહતોને કોઈ જાહેર સેવાઓ પ ૂરી પાડતી નથી. મજર અવધકાર માંચ (�મ.�.�મ. ), અનૌપચાટરક જાવત આધાટરત મદ�દાઓ - કામદારોન ાં રે ડ યવનયન, આ સ�ક�વોટરના રહેવાસીઓ સાથે કામ કરી રહ� ાં છે . જાવત આધાટરત �સેસમેન�ટ બતાવે છે કે સદર વવસ�તારમાાં નોકરીઓ મખ�યત�વે પરર� પ�રધાન માનવામાાં આવેલ છે તથા મટહલાઓ માટે નોકરીઓ સરળતાથી પ�રાપ�ય નથી. ૭. જોખમો અને અસરોન ાં મ ૂલ�યાાંકન ે નનો સમાવેશ થાય છે . કેટલીક પયાણવરર�ીય આ પ�રોજેક�ટમાાં હાલના �સ.ટી.પી. અને પસ�મ�પિંગ સ�ટેશનના અપગ�રેડશ અને સામાજજક અસરો નીચે આપેલ છે ; • નવા �સ.ટી.પી. ના વનમાણર� અને હાલના �સ.ટી.પી. ના તોડી પાડવાની પ�રટકયા દરમ�યાન નોંધપાત�ર ભાંગાર, ટોપસોઇલ અને કાદવન ાં જનરે શન. ટડમોચલશન, ખોદકામ, કટીંગ, બેક ટફચલિંગ, કોમ�પેક�શન કામગીરી અને અન�ય બાાંધકામ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓને કારર�ે ધ ૂળ અને અવાજન ાં પ�રદર�ર�. • રહેવાસીઓ અને વ�યવસાયોને અવાજ અને કાંપન અને અન�ય ખલેલ. • ચોમાસા દરવમયાન ખોદકામને કારર�ે કામચલાઉ પરની સ�થવત. • બાાંધકામના કચરા અને કાદવ તેમજ બળતર� અને તેલના સ�સ�પલેજને કારર�ે જમીન અને પાર�ીન ાં પ�રદર�ર�. • મજૂરો અને જાહેર જનતા માટે સલામતીનાાં જોખમો. • વધતી જતી રાટફક અસવવધા (ઉત�સર�જન, ભીડ, મસાફરીનો લાાંબો સમય, પ�રવેશમાાં અવરોધ), ખાસ કરીને �સટીપીને જોડતો �પ�રોચ રોડ પર� �ન.�ચ. ૬૪ થી નજીકના વવસ�તારોને જોડતો રસ�તો છે . કાન ૂની, વનયમનકારી અને સાંસ�થાકીય રેમવકણ પરના પ�રકરર�માાં ઓળખાયા મજબ દરે ક ધોરર�ની સસાંગતતાના આધારે , આગામી વવભાગો દરે ક સાંબવાં ધત ધોરર�ો માટે ધ�યાનમાાં લેવામાાં આવતા મીટીગેશનના પગલા દ�વારા અનસરવામાાં આવતા સ ૂચચત હસ�તક�ષેપોને કારર�ે સાંભવવત પયાણવરર�ીય અને સામાજજક જોખમો અને અસરોનો સારાાંશ આપે છે . નીચેન ાં કોટટક, અગાઉ પ�રકરર� ૩ માાં ઓળખાયેલ લાગ ઇ.�સ.�સ. ના સાંદભણમાાં જૂથબદ�ધ જોખમ અને અસરો રજૂ કરે છે : ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 27 લાગ પડત ાં ઇ.�સ.�સ. જોખમ અને અસરોન ાં મ ૂલ�યાાંકન કય�ં ઇ.�સ.�સ.૧ �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ � ઇ.�સ.�સ.�સ. ૨-૧૦ ને લાગ પડતા તમામ જોખમો અને અસરોન ાં મ ૂલ�યાાંકન કય�ં ઇ.�સ.�સ.૨ - શ�રમ અને કામ કરવાની વવવવધ પ�રકારના મજૂરો નોકરી કરે છે અને શરતો તેમની કામ કરવાની પટરસ�સ�થવતઓને કારર�ે અસર અને જોખમો ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૩ - સાંસાધન કાયણક�ષમતા અને ભૌવતકશાસ�ત�ર, જમીનનો ઉપયોગ, પ�રદૂ ર�ર� વનવારર� અને વ�યવસ�થાપન ભ ૂસ�તરશાસ�ત�ર, જમીન પરના જોખમો અને અસરો જળ સાંસાધનો, પાર�ીની ગર�વત�તા પર જોખમો અને અસરો, હવાની ગર�વત�તા, અવાજના સ�તર પર જોખમો અને અસરો, કચરાના ઉત�પાદન / વનકાલને કારર�ે જોખમો અને અસરો, સારી સાંસાધન કાયણક�ષમતા સવનવિત કરવાના પાસાઓ ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૪ : સમદાય આરોગ�ય અને બાાંધકામ દરવમયાન સામદાવયક આરોગ�ય સલામતી અને સલામતી પર જોખમો અને અસરો, પ�રદૂ ર�ર�, ઉપરવાસના બેરેજને ધ�યાનમાાં લેતા પ ૂર. ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૫ : જમીન સાંપાદન, જમીનના લાગ પડત ાં નથી કારર� કે કોઈ જમીન ઉપયોગ પરના વનયાંત�રર�ો અને અનૈલ�ચ�છક સાંપાદનની સાંકલ�પના કરવામાાં આવી નથી પનવણસન અને સ�ક�વોટર વસાહત પર કોઈ અસરની કલ�પના કરવામાાં આવી નથી. સ ૂચચત પ�રોજેક�ટ અપગ�રેડેશન અને �સટીપીના પનવણસનને કારર�ે જમીનનો ઉપયોગ ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૬ : જૈવવવવવધતા સાંરક�ષર� બદલાશે અને જૈવ વવવવધતા પર જોખમો ઇકોલોજી નહીં અને જીવાંત કદરતી સાંસાધનોન ાં ટકાઉ અને અસરો સાંચાલન કદરતી રહેઠાર� પર જોખમ અને અસરો. ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૭ : સ�વદે શી લોકો / સબ- લાગ પડત ાં નથી. તે વવજાતીય વસ�તી ધરાવત ાં સહારન શહેરી વાતાવરર� છે . આટરકન �વતહાવસક રીતે ચબનસલાટહત પરાં પરાગત સ�થાવનક સમદાયો ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 28 ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૮ : સાાંસ�કૃવતક વારસો બાાંધકામ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ દરવમયાન સ�થાવનક રીતે મ ૂલ�યવાન સાાંસ�કૃવતક પાસાઓ અને તકો પરના જોખમો અને અસરો ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૯ : નાર�ાકીય મધ�યસ�થી લાગ પડત ાં નથી ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૧૦ ટહતધારકનીસાંલગ�નતા અને ટહતધારકોની સાંલગ�નતાના અભાવને કારર�ે માટહતીની જાહેરાત જોખમો અને અસરો પ�રોજેક�ટ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ સાંબવાં ધત માટહતી જાહેર ન કરવાને કારર�ે જોખમો અને અસરો પ�રોજેક�ટ અસરગ�રસ�ત પક�ષોની ફટરયાદો અને ચચિંતાઓને કારર�ે જોખમો અને અસરો ઇ�ન�ડ�સ જોખમ અને અસરન ાં મ ૂલ�યાાંકન અને સાંચાલન (ઇ.�સ.�સ.૧) સ ૂચચત પેટા પ�રોજેક�ટ�સમાાં નવા �સટીપીન ાં બાાંધકામ અને હાલના �સટીપીન ાં ટડમોચલશન, ટી�સપી�સમાાં સમારકામ અને નવા ગ�રીનહાઉસ મોડલ સ�લજ ડ�રાઈંગ, સોલાર રૂફટોપ, ઓડર વનયાંત�રર� વસસ�ટમ, રાંક પાઇપલાઇન નાખવાનો સમાવેશ થાય છે - તમામ જરૂરી વસવવલ, ઇલેક�રોવમકેવનકલ અને પેઇન�ટ વકણ જેમાાં શ�રમ સઘન કામોની જરૂર પડે છે . ગટર / ગાંદા પાર�ીની નજીકનો વવસ�તાર, અને તેઓ લગભગ ૨ વર�ણના સમયગાળા માટે સ�થળ પર રોકાર� કરે છે . હાલના �સ.ટી.પી. માાં સ�જની રીટમેન�ટ ચાલ રહેશે, નવા બાાંધકામની સાથે રીટેડ પાર�ીના વનકાલ અને સ�લજ અને અન�ય સ�જનો વનકાલ, બાાંધકામ દરમ�યાન પાર�ી અને પાવર જેવા સાંસાધનોનો ઉપયોગ, સામગ�રીના સાંગ�રહ અને હેન�ડચલિંગમાાંથી પ�રદૂ ર�ર� ઉત�પન�ન થવ,ાં પેઇન�ટનો ઉપયોગ અને બાાંધકામ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ માટેના અન�ય રસાયર�ો, કાચા માલન ાં પટરવહન, કચરો અને સ�લજ, વસિંચાઈ માટે રીટેડ પાર�ીનો પનઃઉપયોગ વગેરે હકારાત�મક અને નકારાત�મક જોખમો અને અસરો પેદા કરી શકે છે . કામ માટે ખ ૂબ જ વવગતવાર અને સ�પટટ અનિવમક આયોજનની જરૂર છે , શેડય ૂચલિંગ કારર� કે બાાંધકામના કામો દરવમયાન હાલની કામગીરીને કોઈ �સ.ટી.પી. માટેના તમામ સ ૂચચત માળખાકીય હસ�તક�ષેપો �સ.ટી.પી. પટરસરમાાં હોવાથી, ટી.�સ.પી.�સ, ન ાં અસર થશે નહીં અને ઊંચાઈ પર કામ, ખોદકામ, ક�ન�ફાઈડ વવસ�તારોમાાં કામ અને ગટરની નજીકની પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ ે જો કે, સ ૂચચત �લાઇમેન�ટ સાથે નવી રાંક મેઈન નાખવામાાં સમારકામ તેની હાલની જગ�યામાાં જ મયાણટદત રહેશ. જેવા અકસ�માતોના જોખમો સાથે શ�રમ સઘન છે . આવશે. વાંચચત અથવા સાંવેદનશીલ લોકો સટહત સમદાયો પર કોઈ સીધી પ�રવતકૂળ અસરોની કલ�પના કરવામાાં આવી નથી. જો કે, સમદાયો પર આડકતરી અસર થઈ શકે છે , ખાસ કરીને પ�રોજેક�ટથી વાંચચત જૂથો સધી પહોંચવા માટે તેમને તૈયારી અને અમલીકરર� બાંનેમાાં સામેલ કરવા માટે વધારાના પ�રયત�નો કરવાની જરૂર પડશે. શ�રમ અને કામ કરવાની શરતો (ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૨) સ ૂચચત બાાંધકામ અને તોડી પાડવાના કામો માટે લગભગ ૨ વર�ણ કે તેથી વધ સમય માટે બાાંધકામ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ માટે મજૂરોની જરૂર પડશે અને સ�થાવનક ન હોય તેવા કામદારોને રહેવા માટે લેબર કેમ�પની સ�થાપના કરવાની જરૂર પડશે. ઓ.�ચ.�સ. / ઈ.�ચ.�સ. જેવા જોખમો અને અસરોને બાાંધકામ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ સાંબવાં ધત ઓળખવામાાં આવે છે અને તેમાાં ઊંચાઈ, મયાણટદત જગ�યાઓ, વાયયક�ત સ�થાન, વવદ�યત ઉપકરર�ો સાથે કામ કરતા કામદારો અને સાંભવવત અકસ�માતોના સાંપકણ માાં આવતા બાંધ વાતાવરર�નો સમાવેશ થાય છે . ઉચ�ચ અવાજવાળા સાધનોની નજીકના કામદારોની સ�વાસ��ય સમસ�યાઓ જેમ કે સાાંભળવાની ખોટ અનભવી શકે છે . વનસ�પવત વ ૃદ�ધદ�ધને ધ�યાનમાાં લેતા, બાાંધકામ દરવમયાન સાપ અથવા વીંછીનો ડાંખ થઈ શકે છે . મજૂરને બાાંધકામના સ�થળે સેવનટરી સવવધાઓ, પીવાન ાં પાર�ી, પીપીઈ, આરામ કરવા માટે છાાંયડો, પ�રાથવમક સારવાર વગેરેની પર� જરૂર પડશે. મજૂર ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 29 અનપાલન પર� વવવવધ સ�થાવનક કાયદાઓ જેમ કે મજૂર લાયસન�સ, પરવાનગી, તાલીમ, ચ ૂકવર�ીઓ હેઠળ ફરજજયાતપર�ે પ ૂર�ણ કરવાની જરૂર પડશે. કાયદો, વગેરે અ.મ�ય.કો. / ઔડા હેઠળનો વવસ�તાર અને �સ.ટી.પી. થી સલભ અંતરની અંદર લેબર કેમ�પ માટે ડી.બી.ઓ.ટી. કોન�રાક�ટર દ�વારા ઓળખવામાાં આવશે અને અ.મ�ય.કો. / ઔડા પાસેથી જરૂરી પરવાનગી / માંજૂરી લેવાની રહેશ. ે મજૂર વશચબરમાાં કામદારોને સેવનટરી સવવધાઓ જેવી કે શૌચાલય, વોવશિંગ �ટરયા અને સેવનટરી વેસ�ટ વનકાલ વવસ�તારોની જરૂર પડશે. જો અયોગ�ય રીતે વ�યવસ�થાપન કરવામાાં આવે તો, ગટરન ાં પાર�ી પાર�ીજન�ય રોગો અને પયાણવરર� અને આરોગ�ય માટે જોખમો પેદા કરી શકે છે . યોગ�ય વેષ�ન�ટલેશન સાથે પયાણપ�ત રહેઠાર�, રસોઈ અને લાઇટટિંગ વગેરે માટે ફાયર શેફટી વગેરે. આવા વશચબરોન ાં આયોજન અને અમલીકરર� કરવા માટે કોવવડ- ૧૯ સાવચેતીઓ. સાંસાધન કાયણક�ષમતા અને પ�રદૂ ર�ર� વનવારર� અને વ�યવસ�થાપન (ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૩) સાંસાધન કાયણક�ષમતાના સાંદભણમાાં, પ�રોજેક�ટની તૈયારી અને �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ પ�રટિયા કાયણક�ષમ (�) ઊજાણના ઉપયોગ માટે શક�ય પગલાાં (બી) બાાંધકામ દરવમયાન પાર�ીનો વપરાશ ઓછો કરવા માટે પાર�ીનો ઉપયોગ અને વ�યવસ�થાપન, બાાંધકામની કલ પાર�ીની માાંગને સરભર કરવા અને જળ સાંસાધનોની માાંગ માટે સાંતલન જાળવવા સાંરક�ષર� પગલાાં; અને (સી) કાચા માલનો ઉપયોગ સ�થાવનક સામગ�રી, ટરસાયકલ કરે લ �ગ�રીગેટ�સ, નવીન તકનીકનો ઉપયોગ કરીને અન�વેર�ર� કરીને ઉપયોગ કરે છે જેથી મયાણટદત કદરતી સાંસાધનો પર પ�રોજેક�ટના ફૂટ પ�રીન�ટને ઓછી કરી શકાય. પ�રોજેક�ટનાાં બાાંધકામ અને કામગીરીના તબક�કાઓ દરવમયાન પેદા થતા ઘન અને પ�રવાહી કચરાના સાંચાલન અને પનઃઉપયોગને પર� સાંબોવધત કરવાની જરૂર પડશે. સી�ન�ડડી વેસ�ટ માટે અ.મ�ય,.કો. ને સી�ન�ડડી મેનેજમેન�ટ ફેસીલીટી તથા સ�લજના વનકાલ માટે સ�લજ હાઈજીનાાંઈ�ેશન ફેવસલીટી નો ઉપયોગ કરવામાાં આવશે. પ�લાષ�સ�ટક તેમજ અન�ય કચરો સોલીડ વેસ�ટ મેનેજમેન�ટ ફેસીલીટી પર ભાંગાર�, વનયવમત જાળવર�ીનાાં અભાવ અને ડાઉનસ�રીમ વપરાશકતાણઓ પરની અસરને કારર�ે �સ.ટી.પી. નાાં મોકલવામાાં આવશે. ભાંગાર ઓથોરાઇ��ડ ટરસાઈકલર ને આપવામાાં આવશે. ટડસ�ચાર�જ મેળવતા જળસ�ત�રોતનાાં પાર�ીન ાં પ�રદૂ ર�ર� મહત�વપ ૂર�ણ છે . હાલના �સટીપીને તોડી પાડવાનો અને નવા �સટીપીના વનમાણર�નો પ�રોજેક�ટ, આ ગટર વ�યવસ�થાના કવરે જ / ક�ષમતા અને ગર�વત�તાને વધારશે (�નજીટીના પ�રસ�તાવવત ધોરર�ો, જે વવશ�વ બેંકના પયાણવરર�ીય આરોગ�ય અને સલામતી માગણદશણન દ�વારા સ ૂચવવામાાં આવેલા કેટલાક પટરમાર�ોની સમકક�ષ છે . ,પી, �ન, તેલ અને ગ�રીસ) અને બી.ઓ.ડી., સી.ઓ.ડી., ટી.�સ.�સ. ના ટકસ�સામાાં કડક) અને તમામ પયાણવરર�ીય ઘટકો પર પ�રદૂ ર�ર�ને વનયાંવત�રત કરવામાાં મદદ કરે છે . આ તેમના પનઃઉપયોગ અને ટરસાયલ�ક�લિંગ, વધ કાયણક�ષમ ઉપકરર�ો અને વમકેવન�મ દ�વારા સાંસાધનોન ાં સાંરક�ષર� પર� સવનવિત સદર કરે છે . ન ાં રીટેડ સ�જ જી.પી.સી.બી. ની ક�ન�સેન�ટ લઈ �ન.જી.ટી. મજબ તથા જરૂર પડયે સદર રીટેડ �સ.ટી.પી. સ�જ વાપરનારા ડાઉનસ�રીમનાાં ખેડતો નો સાંપકણ કરી યોગ�ય સ�ટડી કરી ફતેહવાડી કેનાલમાાં આપવામાાં આવશે. ગ�રીન હાઉસ ગેસ �મીશન બાયોલોજીકલ રીટમેન�ટ નાાં સધારાથી ૮૮૯૫ ટન પ�રવત વર�ણ કાબણનડાયોકસાઈડ ઘટશે. સમગ�ર પ�રોજેક�ટ ઇન�ટરવેન�શન ૪૧૪૪૯ ટન પ�રવત વર�ણ કાબણનડાયોકસાઈડ ઘટશે. સામદાવયક આરોગ�ય અને સલામતી (ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૪) સામદાવયક આરોગ�ય અને સલામતીના મદ�દાઓ પ�રત�યક�ષ કે પરોક�ષ પ�રદૂ ર�ર�ને કારર�ે ઉભા થઈ શકે છે અને પટરર�ામે ડાઉનસ�રીમના ગામડાઓમાાં રીટેડ સ�જના પાર�ીની ગર�વત�તા અથવા સબ-ઓષ�પ�ટમલી રીટેડ સ�જના વનકાલને કારર�ે પાર�ીની ગર�વત�તાનાાં મદા ઉભા થઈ શકે છે . બાાંધકામ દરવમયાન સામદાવયક સ�વાસ��ય અને ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 30 સલામતીન ાં જોખમ વાય પ�રદૂ ર�ર� (ધ ૂળ અને હવાન ાં પ�રદર�ર�), ઓડર, રાટફકની અવરજવર, ભીડ અને સલામતી, અવાજ, અન�ય)ને કારર�ે હોઈ શકે છે . ઈમરજન�સી ડી�ાસ�ટર �ક�શન પ�લાન હાઈડ�રોલોજીકલ તેમજ ફ�લડ સ�ટડી જરૂર પડયેથી બનાવી સી-ઈ�સઆઈ� તથા સી- ઈ�સ�મપી માાં સમાવવામાાં આવશે. જમીન સાંપાદન, જમીનના ઉપયોગ પરના વનયાંત�રર�ો અને અનૈલ�ચ�છક પનવણસન (ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૫) સદર પ�રોજેક�ટમાાં કોઈ સાંભવવત અનૈલ�ચ�છક પનવણસન મદ�દાઓ ઓળખવામાાં આવ�યા નથી, કારર� કે સ ૂચચત ે ન માટે ખાનગી જમીનન ાં કોઈ જમીન સાંપાદન અથવા વધારાની સરકારી જમીનની આવશ�યકતા નથી. અપગ�રેડશ નદી અથવા જાહેર ઈન�રાસ�રક�ચર સધી પહોંચવા માટે કોઈ પ�રવતબાંધો નથી અથવા સ ૂચચત પનવણસનને કારર�ે જમીનના ઉપયોગમાાં ફેરફાર નથી. �સટીપી. બાાંધકામના સમયગાળા દરવમયાન શ�રમ અને રોજગારીની તકો ઉભી થશે. સ ૂચચત અપગ�રેડેશનમાાં કોઈપર� બાાંધકામ પ�રવ ૃવતઓ માટે હાલમાાં પ�લાન�ટ સાઈટમાાં કાયણરત શ�રવમકોનો સમાવેશ થશે. અકશળ અને અધણ-કશળ મજૂરી કામ માટે શ�રવમકો આસપાસની સ�ક�વોટર વસાહતમાાંથી મેળવી શકાય છે . સ�ક�વોટર સેટલમેન�ટમાાંથી મટહલાઓને ચોક�કસ કાયો માટે પર� રાખી શકાય છે . સેટલમેન�ટ નજીકમાાં હોવાથી કેટલીકસાં જૈવ વવવવધતા મટહલાઓ મજૂ રક�ષર� અને રત જીવાં તરીકે સ�થળ કદરતી સાંપર કામ કરવા સાધનોન ાં ટકાઉ તૈ સાંય ચાર થઈ ાલન શકે (ઇ છે .�સ. ૬) .�સ નજીકમાાં મેન મેડ વાઇલ�ડ લાઈફ સેન�ચ�યરી થોળ મહેસાર�ા ૨૦ કી.મી. દર આવેલ છે . સાઈટ પર આશરે ૨૦૦ વ ૃક�ષો તથા �ાડીઓ છે . જેમને બચાવવાનો પ�રયાસ કરવામાાં આવશે. તથા નવા વ ૃક�ષો પર� ઉગારવામાાં આવશે. પેટાપ�રોજેક�ટ કોઈપર� જટટલ અથવા કદરતી વસવાટને અસર કરશે નહીં. જો કે, કાયણસ�થળની આસપાસ નીચેની અસરોની અપેક�ષા રાખી શકાય છે : બાાંધકામ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓને કારર�ે હવા અને જળ પ�રદૂ ર�ર� અને અવાજને કારર�ે સાંભવવત અસરો. આિમક પ�રજાવતઓના કારર�ે સાંભવવત અસર: સાઇટ પર પહેલાથી જ વપષ�સ�ટયા �સ.પી. જેવી વવદે શી પ�રજાવતઓ છે . Lantana Camara, Eucalyptus sp., Eichhorniacrassipes વગેરે. લેન�ડસ�કેવપિંગ માટે ટોપસોઇલ ખાતરન ાં રાન�સફર વવદે શી પ�રજાવતઓના બીજથી થઇ શકે છે . વાવેતર માટે રોપાની કોથળીઓના સ�થાનાાંતરર� દરવમયાન અવનચ�છનીય રોપ આવી બીજ /કરડવાથી સાપ અને વીંછીના શકે છે . ઇજાઓ, જળાશયોમાાં કચરો નાખવાથી મેિોફાઇટ�સ અને જળચર આકસ�સ�મક પ�રાર�ીસ ૃષ�ટટની જૈવવક પ�રટિયાને અસર થઈ શકે છે તે પોર�ક ચિમાાં દખલ કરીને મેિોફાઇટની રચનામાાં ફેરફાર કરી શકે છે . સ�વદે શી લોકો/ સબ-સહારન આટરકન �વતહાવસક રીતે અન�ડરસવ�ડણ પરાં પરાગત સ�થાવનક સમદાયો (ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૭) પ�રોજેક�ટ વવસ�તારમાાં કોઈ સ�થાવનક લોકો નથી. જો કે, આ પ�રોજેક�ટ માટે સ�થાવનક પરામશણ હાથ ધરવામાાં આવ�યો હતો. સાાંસ�કૃવતક વારસો (ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૮) હેટરટેજ સ�રક�ચસણ અને સાાંસ�કૃવતક સ�થળો માટે આકારર�ી હાથ ધરવામાાં આવી હતી. સૌથી નજીકન ાં સ�મારક � �સટીપીથી ૧.૬ ટકલોમીટરના અંતરે આવેલ ફતેહ બાગ ટકલ�લો છે , જે સ ૂચચત કાયણ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓમાાંથી કોઈપર�ને કારર�ે પ�રભાવવત થશે નહીં. ટહતધારકની સાંલગ�નતા અને માટહતીન ાં ટડસ�ક�લો�ર (ઇ.�સ.�સ. ૧૦) પેટા પ�રોજેક�ટ માટે �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ અને જી.આર.સી.પી. પ�રોજેક�ટ માટે �સ.ઈ.પી. ની તૈયારી દરમ�યાન સાબરમતી / ફતેહવાડી કેનાલના ડાઉનસ�રીમમાાં �સ.ટી.પી.�સ. નજીકના વવસ�તારના ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 31 રહેવાસીઓ, �સ.ટી.પી. ઓપરે ટરો, અ.મ�ય.કો. અવધકારીઓ અને સમદાયો સટહત વવવવધ ટહતધારકો સાથે ે ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ તૈયાર કરવા માટે પરામશણ હાથ ધરવામાાં આવ�યો હતો. આસપાસની �ન�વાયણમન� સ�કવોટર વસાહતો મ�યની. સવવિસથી વાંચચત છે . જેમના માટે અવેરનેસ કેમ�પેઈન યોજવામાાં આવશે. સાંભવવત સામાજજક અસરો પ�રવતણમાન �સ.ટી.પી. બાઉન�ડ�રીની અંદર ટેક�નોલોજીન ાં વધણન અને અપગ�રેડેશન કરવાની દરખાસ�ત છે . પ�રોજેક�ટ માટે જમીન સાંપાદનની જરૂર નથી. પ�રોજેક�ટ વવકાસ માટે વવસ�થાપન અને સહવતી મદ�દાઓની કલ�પના કરવામાાં આવી નથી. નજીકની વસાહતો ૧ ટકમી દૂ ર છે . �સટીપી ક�લસ�ટરથી હાઇવે પર વસાહતો આવેલી છે . સવવિસ રોડ અને ફતેવાડી કેનાલની બાજમાાં �સટીપી કાયણરત થયા પછી �ક સ�ક�વોટર વસાહત છે જે મોટાભાગે ધ ૂળ અને હવાના ઉત�સર�જન રાટફક અને બાાંધકામ દરવમયાન સામગ�રી, સાધનસામગ�રી અને મજૂરની સાંબવાં ધત ટહલચાલને લગતી અસર અનભવી શકે છે . �સટીપી સધીનો હાલનો રસ�તો કાચો છે અને ભારે વાહનો અને સાધનોની અવરજવર માટે યોગ�ય નથી. પ�રોજેક�ટના બાાંધકામના તબક�કા દરવમયાન ધ ૂળ અને વાય પ�રદૂ ર�ર�ને ઘટાડવા માટે પ�રોજેક�ટના ભાગ રૂપે આ તમામ હવામાન માગણ હોવા જરૂરી છે . ટરટ�મેન�ટ વવનાના ગાંદા પાર�ીને છોડવાને કારર�ે ડાઉનસ�રીમ વપરાશકતાણઓ પરની અસર પર� ઓળખવામાાં આવી છે . �સટીપીના અપગ�રેડેશન પછી, સાબરમતી નદીમાાં છોડવામાાં આવતા રીટે ડ પાર�ીની ગર�વત�તામાાં સધારો થશે જેનો લાભ ડાઉનસ�રીમના વપરાશકારોને થશે. રાટફક મેનેજમેન�ટ પ�લાન અને બાાંધકામ દરવમયાન ગાંદાપાર�ીન ાં ડાયવ�ણન જેવા યોગ�ય પગલાાંની જરૂર પડશે જેથી ડાઉનસ�રીમ ય�સણ પર થતી અને સાંભવવત રીતે ઓળખાતી અસરોને ટાળવા અને ઘટાડવાની જરૂર પડશે. સાંચચત અસરો ે ન અને હાલના ૧૨૬ �મ.�લ.ડી. �સ.ટી.પી. મ ૂલ�યાાંકન દશાણવે છે કે ૨૪૦ �મ.�લ.ડી. પેટા-પ�રોજેક�ટન ાં અપગ�રેડશ ની જગ�યા પર નવા ૩૭૫ �મ.�લ.ડી. �સ.ટી.પી. ન ાં બાાંધકામ (અને પછી હાલના �સ.ટી.પી. ને તોડી પાડવ ાં), અને પીરાર�ા ૧૮૦ �મ.�લ.ડી. �સ.ટી.પી. ન ાં અપગ�રેડેશન તમામ પયાણવરર� પર હકારાત�મક અસર કરશે. પટરમાર�ો ખાસ કરીને સાબરમતી નદી અને/અથવા ફતેહવાડી કેનાલ અને ડાઉનસ�રીમ ઉપયોગની પાર�ીની ગર�વત�તા પર પડશે. હયાત �સટીપીનાાં બીઓડી, સીઓડી, ટીડી�સ, સાાંદ�રતાનો ભાર વધ જોવા મળ�યો હતો જેની સારવાર અને �નજીટી માગણદવશિકાને પ ૂર�ણ કયાણ પછી આ લોડમાાં નોંધપાત�ર ઘટાડો થશે અને સાબરમતી નદીના પાર�ીની ગર�વત�તા પર હકારાત�મક અસર પડશે. �વી અપેક�ષા રાખી શકાય છે કે લાાંબા ગાળે આ ચબન-બારમાસી નદીમાાં જૈવવક વવવવધતા વધી શકે છે અને આ પ�રદે શમાાં ભ ૂગભણ જળની ગર�વત�તામાાં સધારો થશે. વાસર�ા ૧૨૬ �મ.�લ.ડી. ક�ષમતાનો પ�લાન�ટ અ.મ�ય.કો. માાં ઉત�પાટદત કલ ગટરના લગભગ ૯% પાર�ીને રીટ કરે છે . હાલના � જગ�યા� ૩૮૫ �મ.�લ.ડી. ક�ષમતાનો નવો �સ.ટી.પી. બીઓડી, સીઓડી અને ટી�સ�સ પર પયાણવરર�ીય ભારર� (જેમાાં રીટમેન�ટ ન કરાયેલ / સબ-શ�રેટઠ રીતે રીટેડ ગટરન ાં પાર�ી સીધ ાં / આડકતરી રીતે નદી સધી પહોંચત ાં હોય તે સટહત) લગભગ ૭૦ થી ૮૦% ઘટશે. હાલની જે સ�જ લાઈનો અને ટી.�સ.પી.�સ. આ �સ.ટી.પી. ને મળે તે �સટીપીના અપગ�રેડેશનના ભાગ રૂપે ટી.�સ.પી.�સ. માાં નાના સધારાની દરખાસ�ત કરવામાાં આવી છે . પ�રસ�તાવવત પેટા-પ�રોજેક�ટ સાઇટની ઉત�તર બાજ� આવેલા ગ�યાસપર મેરો ડેપોમાાં ચાલી રહેલી બાાંધકામ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓને કારર�ે બાાંધકામ દરવમયાન હવાની ગર�વત�તા પર કામચલાઉ સાંચચત અસર પડી શકે છે . આ પ�રોજેક�ટ �વપ�રલ ૨૦૨૨ સધીમાાં પ ૂર�ણ થવાની ધારર�ા હતી, જે કોવવડ ૧૯ ની ચાલી રહેલી ત�રીજી લહેરને કારર�ે વવલાંબમાાં ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 32 પડી શકે છે . જો કે, �વી અપેક�ષા રાખવામાાં આવે છે કે સ ૂચચત નવા વાસર�ા ૩૭૫ �મ.�લ.ડી. �સ.ટી.પી. બાાંધકામ માટે સાઇટના કામો શરૂ કરતા પહેલા આ બાાંધકામ પ ૂર�ણ થઈ જશે. વાસર�ા ૨૪૦ �મ�લડી �સટીપીન ાં અપગ�રેડેશન પર� જો �કસાથે હાથ ધરવામાાં આવે તો બાાંધકામ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓને કારર�ે વધતા વાય પ�રદૂ ર�ર�માાં ફાળો આપશે. જો કે, વાસર�ા ૨૪૦ �મ�લડી �સટીપી ખાતે ટડમોચલશનની પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ વાસર�ા ૧૨૬ �મ�લડી �સટીપી ખાતે ટડમોચલશન પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ પહેલાાં શરૂ થશે જ�યાાં હાલના �સટીપીને તોડી પાડવા પહેલાાં નવા �સટીપીન ાં વનમાણર� કરવાની દરખાસ�ત છે . આથી ઓવરલેવપિંગ બાાંધકામ સમયગાળા દરવમયાન આવી સાંચચત અસર મયાણટદત સમયગાળા માટે અપેચક�ષત છે . સાઇટ �સટીપી મેરો ડેપો અને નદીથી ઘેરાયેલી હોવાથી; ઘોંઘાટ અને ધ ૂળની અસરોના સાંવેદનશીલ રીસેપ�ટસણ � �ક�સેસ રોડની બાજમાાં આવેલી સ�ક�વોટર વસાહતો છે . રીસેપ�ટસણ પરની ટૂાંકા ગાળાની અસરો ધ ૂળ જેવા વાય પ�રદૂ ર�કોમાાં વધારો, અને વાહનો અને મશીનરીમાાંથી ઉત�સર�જન, વાહનોની ટહલચાલને કારર�ે અવાજના સ�તરમાાં વધારો, અને મશીનરીના સાંચાલનને વાસર�ા ૨૪૦ �મ�લડી �સટીપીના પનવણસનમાાં ૨૪૦ �મ�લડી �સટીપી અને ૧૨૬ �મ�લડી સધીના કારર�ે થતી અસરો સાથે સાંકળાયેલી છે જેને શ�રેટઠ પદ�ધવતઓ અપનાવીને ઘટાડી શકાય છે . �પ�રોચ રોડનાાં સરફેવસિંગનો સમાવેશ કરવામાાં આવ�યો છે . સવણ-હવામાન રસ�તાઓન ાં વનમાણર� બાાંધકામના તબક�કા દરવમયાન વાય પ�રદૂ ર�ર�માાં નોંધપાત�ર ઘટાડો કરશે. સાબરમતી નદીમાાં ઇન�ડસ�રી� ન ાં તથા સી.ઈ.ટી.પી. ન ાં �ફ�લ�યઅન�ટ પર� આવે છે . સદર �સ.ટી.પી. નાાં અપગ�રેડેશન પછી કલ ૩૭૫ �મ.�લ.ડી. સ�જ �ન.જી.ટી. સ�ટાન�ડડણ પ�રમાર�ે રીટ થશે. જેનાથી નદીના પાર�ીની ગર�વતા મહદઅંશે સધરશે. ૮. પયાણવરર� અને સામાજજક વ�યવસ�થાપન યોજના (ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી.) આયોજજત આકારર�ીના આધારે પ�રોજેક�ટની ટડ�ાઇન/પ ૂવણ બાાંધકામ, બાાંધકામ અને કામગીરીના તબક�કાઓ માટે ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી. વવકસાવવામાાં આવી છે . જે મીટીગેશન મે�સણ અપનાવીને પયાણવરર�ીય અને સામાજજક અસરોન ાં સાંચાલન રજૂ કરે છે - (�) જોખમો અને અસરોની ધારર�ા કરો અને ટાળો; (બી) જ�યાાં ટાળવ ાં શક�ય ન હોય ત�યાાં, લઘત�તમ જોખમો અને અસરોને સ�વીકાયણ સ�તરે ઘટાડે (સી) �કવાર જોખમો અને અસરો થઈ જાય તે ઘટાડી અને. ડીબીઓટી કોન�રાક�ટની ચબડ કરતી વખતે ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી. ને ચબડ દસ�તાવેજોમાાં સામેલ કરી કોન�રાક�ટર આ પગલાાંને અમલમાાં મ ૂકવા માટે જરૂરી સાંસાધનો અને વમકેવન�મ�સ ફાળવે. તેની ખાતરી કરો. ૯. મોનીટરીંગ પ�લાન બાાંધકામના તબક�કા દરવમયાન, ચાલ બાાંધકામ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ દરવમયાન પયાણવરર�ની ગર�વત�તા ચકાસવા માટે પયાણવરર�ીય દે ખરે ખ હાથ ધરવામાાં આવશે. કોન�રાક�ટર દ�વારા હાથ ધરવામાાં આવશે અને પી.આઈ.ય. મોનીટરીંગના અમલીકરર�ની સમીક�ષા માટે જવાબદાર રહેશે. મોનીટરીંગમાાં �લ�મ�બયન�ટ �ર ક�વોચલટી, ઇન�ટેક સીવેજ ગર�વત�તા, આઉટફોલ રીટેડ વોટર ક�વોચલટી, �લ�મ�બયન�ટ નોઈ�, ગ�રાઉન�ડ વોટર ક�વોચલટી, સોઈલ ક�વોચલટી અને સ�લજ ક�વોચલટીન ાં મ ૂલ�યાાંકન સામેલ હશે. આ દે ખરે ખમાાં પી.�મ.સી. દ�વારા બાાંધકામ દે ખરે ખ અને ગર�વત�તા વનયાંત�રર�ના ભાગરૂપે ઓ.�ચ.�સ. પાસાઓ, સમદાય સલામતી અને કામદારોની સલામતીનો પર� સમાવે શ થશે કામગીરીના . તબક�કા દરવમયાન, પ�રોજેક�ટ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓને કારર�ે પયાણવરર�ીય લક�ષર�ો પરની અસરોને સમજવા માટે પયાણવરર�ીય દે ખરે ખ હાથ ધરવામાાં આવશે. તે ડીબીઓટી / ઓ�ન�ડ�મ કોન�રાક�ટર દ�વારા હાથ ધરવામાાં ે મોનીટરીંગમાાં �લ�મ�બયન�ટ �ર ક�વોચલટી, આવશે અને અ.મ�ય.કો. અમલીકરર�ની સમીક�ષા માટે જવાબદાર રહેશ. ઇનલેટ સીવેજ ક�વોચલટી, આઉટલેટ રીટેડ વોટર ક�વોચલટી, �લ�મ�બયન�ટ નોઈ�, ગ�રાઉન�ડ વોટર ક�વોચલટી, સોઈલ ક�વોચલટી અને સ�લજ ક�વોચલટીનો સમાવેશ થશે. ઇ�સ�મપી ન ાં પાલન સવનવિત કરવા માટે , પ�લાન�ટની જાળવર�ી અને સીટીઈ શરતો ��ન�ડ�સ ઓટડટ કામગીરીના તબક�કા દરમ�યાન થડણ પાટી દ�વારા હાથ ધરવામાાં આવશે. ઇ�ન�ડ�સ ઑટડટમાાં સામેલ છે : ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 33 ૧. �સટીપી અને �કમોની કામગીરીની સ�સ�થવત અને જગ�યાન ાં ભૌવતક મ ૂલ�યાાંકન ૨. પયાણવરર�ીય વ�યવસ�થાપન પદ�ધવતઓની ઓળખ અને મ ૂલ�યાાંકન ૩. કામદારો અને સમદાયો માટે આરોગ�ય અને સલામતીના જોખમો ૪. ઇ�સ�સ, રાટરીય, રાજકીય અને સ�થાવનક કાયદાઓન ાં પાલન અને પરવાનગીઓ, સાંમવતની શરતો, શ�રમ સ�વાસ��ય, સલામતી, સરક�ષા, કલ�યાર� વગેરેન ાં ફરજજયાત અને વૈધાવનક પાલન ૫. સ�થળ પર ઈ�ચ�સ, જીઆર�મ, વવવવધ કાયણ યોજનાઓન ાં અમલીકરર�. ૬. સાઈટ માટે જરૂરી દસ�તાવેજો, રે કોડડ ણ સ અને ટરપોટડણ સની જાળવર�ી. ૭. �લ.�મ.પી. પાલન. ૮. ક�ષમતાઓન ાં મ ૂલ�યાાંકન, �ન.જી.ટી. ધોરર�ો હાાંસલ કરવા માટેની તકનીક અને ટડ�ાઇન સ�પટટીકરર� ૯. પયાણવરર�ીય દે ખરે ખ વવશ�લેર�ર� અને સારવાર ૧૦. સ�લજન ાં ઉત�પાદન અને સારવાર. ૧૧. સામાન�ય કાયણ સલામતી રે કોડણ અને ઘટના અહેવાલ ૧૨. સી.ટી.ઈ. (બાાંધકામના તબક�કામાાં) અને સી.ટી.ઓ. (ઓપરે શન તબક�કામાાં) શરતો અથવા અન�ય વનયમનકારી શરતોન ાં પાલન. ૧૦. ક�ષમતા વનમાણર� આયોજન, બાાંધકામ અને કામગીરી સટહત તમામ તબક�કે ક�ષમતા વનમાણર�ની જરૂર પડશે. તેમાાં અ.મ�ય.કો. પ�રોજેક�ટ સ�ટાફ, સાંબવાં ધત PIU, કોન�રાક�ટર સ�ટાફ, સપરવાઈ�ર, કન�સલ�ટન�ટ, પયાણવરર�ીય અને સામાજજક વનટર�ાતો, મજૂરો, ટહતધારકો વગેરે માટે વવવવધ વકણ શોપ અને સેવમનારનો સમાવેશ થશે. તાલીમ માટેના વવર�યોમાાં આરોગ�ય અને સલામતી, પયાણવરર� વ�યવસ�થાપન અને ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી. અમલીકરર�, વનયમનકારી બાબતોનો સમાવેશ થશે. ૧૧. ફટરયાદ વનવારર� પદ�ધવત ટહતધારકો જે પ�રકારની ફટરયાદો ઉઠાવી શકે છે તેમાાં નીચેનાનો સમાવેશ થાય છે , પરાંત તે આટલા સધી મયાણટદત નથી: • વળતરની ચ ૂકવર�ી ન કરવી અને પ�રોજેક�ટ અસરગ�રસ�ત લોકોને બળજબરીથી કાઢી મકવા. • બાાંધકામ સાંબવાં ધત અસરો - વતરાડો, માળખાને નકસાન; ધ ૂળ પાક/વ ૃક�ષોને નકસાન છે • આરોગ�ય અને સલામતીના જોખમો. • પયાણવરર� પર નકારાત�મક અસરો. • સમદાયો પર નકારાત�મક અસરો, જેમાાં બાાંધકામ અથવા ઓપરે શનલ પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓથી નાર�ાકીય નકસાન, ભૌવતક નકસાન અને ઉપદ�રવનો સમાવેશ થઈ શકે છે , પરાં ત તે પ ૂરતો મયાણટદત નથી. અ.મ�ય.કો. પાસે કાયણરત ફટરયાદ વનવારર� વસસ�ટમ (CCRS, http://www.amccrs.com) છે જેમાાં વેબ પોટણ લ અને ટોલ-રી નાંબરનો સમાવેશ થાય છે . તે દર મટહને લગભગ ૪૦-૫૦ હજાર ફટરયાદો નોંધે છે . વસસ�ટમમાાં નોંધાયેલી કોઈપર� ફટરયાદને કાયણવાહી માટે સાંબવાં ધત �ોનમાાં મોકલવામાાં આવે છે . દરે ક ફટરયાદમાાં �ક યોગ�ય વસસ�ટમ હોય છે જેના દ�વારા જો કોઈ વનરાકરર�થી ખશ ન હોય તો તેને આગળ વધારી શકાય છે . જો કેટલીક ફટરયાદો સીધી �ોનલ ઓટફસમાાં આવે છે (મોટાભાગે શહેરી ગરીબોની) તો તે મખ�ય વસસ�ટમમાાં નોંધવામાાં આવે છે . સીસીઆર�સ ગજરાત સરકારની સી�મ હેલ�પલાઈન સાથે સમન�વવયત છે અને ત�યાાં આવતી કોઈપર� ફટરયાદો પર� વસસ�ટમમાાં રે કોડણ કરવામાાં આવે છે . ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 34 ૧૨. અમલીકરર� વ�યવસ�થા આ �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ સ ૂચચત પેટા પ�રોજેક�ટની ટફ�ીચબલીટી તબક�કે તૈયાર કરવામાાં આવે છે . આ તબક�કે , �સટીપીના પનઃસ�થાપન માટે ની સાંભવવતતા અને તેના અમલીકરર�ની પદ�ધવતની તપાસ કરવામાાં આવી છે અને સાંભવવતતા અહેવાલ ટડ�ાઇન - ચબલ�ડ - ઓપરે ટ (ડીબીઓટી) ફોમેટ હેઠળ પ�રસ�તાવવત પેટાપ�રોજેક�ટને ઓપન ટે ક�નોલોજી રીતે ચબડ કરવાન ાં સ ૂચન કરે છે , જ�યાાં ચબડર શ�રેટઠ સ ૂચન કરી શકે છે . સ ૂચવેલ ટડસ�ચાર�જ ધોરર�ોને સવનવિત કરવા માટે પયાણવરર�ીય રીતે યોગ�ય ટે કનોલોજીને આ ટકસ�સામાાં, આ તબક�કે ટેક�નોલોજીને અંવતમ સ�વરૂપ આપવામાાં આવ�ય ાં ન હોવાથી, ડીબીઓટી કોન�રાક�ટરને ઇ�ન�ડ�સ જરૂટરયાતોને સમજવા અને વ�યવસ�થાપન / શમનના પગલાાંની ખાતરી કરવા માટે જરૂરી સાંસાધનો અને અમલીકરર� પદ�ધવતઓનો સમાવેશ કરવા સક�ષમ બનાવવા માટે દસ�તાવેજોમાાં ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી. નો સમાવેશ કરવાનો પ�રસ�તાવ છે . �કવાર અમલીકરર�ના તબક�કા દરવમયાન ટડ�ાઇનને આખરી ઓપ આપવામાાં આવે, ત�યારે ડી.બી.ઓ.ટી કોન�રાક�ટર વાસ�તવવક ટેકનોલોજી / ટડ�ાઇનના આધારે ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી. અપડેટ કરાવશે. અ.મ�ય.કો. ખાતે ે લ અબણન ડેવલપમેન�ટ યવનટ (�સ.ય.ડી.ય.) પી�મસી સાથે મળીને વવશ�વ બેંકની રચાયેલ પી.આઈ.ય. ના સસ�ટેનબ ૂ ી માટે દસ�તાવેજની સમીક�ષા કરશે અને મોકલશે. પી.�મ.સી. બાાંધકામ દેખરે ખ અને ગર�વત�તા સમીક�ષા અને માંજર વનયાંત�રર�ના ભાગરૂપે ઇ.�ન�ડ.�સ. પાસાઓ અને ઓ�ચ�સ / સી�ચ�સ ની દે ખરે ખ કરશે. થડણ પાટી ઓટડટ પ�રોજેક�ટના દરે ક વર�ણ દરવમયાન વાવર�િક ધોરર�ે હાથ ધરવામાાં આવશે, જેમાાં બાાંધકામ દરવમયાનના તમામ ઇ.�ન�ડ.�સ. પાસાઓની સમીક�ષા ઈ�સ�મપી ઈમ�પ�લીશન અને ઓ.�ચ.�સ. / સી.�ચ.�સ. નો સમાવેશ છે . ઈ.�સ.�મ.આઈ.�સ. થાય ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી. ૧૩. અને દે ખરે ખવવગતો દ�વારા સબપ�રોજેક�ટ ના અમલીકરર� પર નજર માટે અંદાજજત રાખવામાાં આવશે. સદર ઈ.�ન�ડ�સ બજેટ �ન ટી. ધોરર�ોને .જી.વલ�ડૅ ઓડીટ બેંક સાથે પ ૂર�ણ શેર કરવામાાં કરવા આવશે. તથા માટે �સ.ટી.પી. ની ટડ�ાઇન તેમના સચનોપ અને નવણસન, આવરી લઈસ�લજસમયબદ�ધ માટે સોલાર ડ�રાવયિં રીતે ગ પ�લાન�ટ, અમલીકરર� કરવામાાં ક� ગ�રીડ-કને ટેડ સોલાર આવશે . રૂફ ટોપ વસસ�ટમ, ઓડર વનયાંત�રર� �કમ, �પ�રોચ રોડ, કોન�રાક�ટર યાડણ ની સ�થાપના, આકસ�સ�મક ખચણ માટે કલ પ�રોજેક�ટ ખચણ આઈ�નઆર ૧૦.૫૯ વમચલયન છે , (ય�સડી ૦.૧૪ વમચલયન) અને ઑપરે શન ખચણ (આઈ�નઆર ૨.૩૩ વમચલયન, ય�સડી ૦.૦૩૧ વમચલયન / વર�ણ, આઈ�નઆર ૧૧.૬ વમચલયન, ય�સડી ૧.૫૬ વમચલયન પાાંચ વર�ણ માટે) આઈ�નઆર ૨૨ વમચલયન, ય�સડી ૦.૨૯ વમચલયન હશે. તેમાાં ઇ�ન�ડ�સ સ�ટાફ તરફના ખચણ, ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી. મજબ પયાણવરર�ીય દે ખરે ખ, ગ�રીન બેલ�ટ ડેવલપમેન�ટ, વૈધાવનક ફી �ટલે કે સીટીઇ વગેરેનો સમાવેશ થશે. ૧૪. ઈ.�સ.સી.પી. માાં સમાવેશ માટેના પાસાઓ આ �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ ની જાહેરાત અને પરામશણ, ઇ�ન�ડ�સ જરૂટરયાતો પર કોન�રાક�ટર પાસેથી બીડ માટે અહીં તૈયાર કરે લ ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી. નો સમાવેશ, અને વવગતવાર ટડ�ાઇનને આખરી રૂપ આપ�યા પછી સબપ�રોજેક�ટ માટે �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ અને ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી. ન ાં અપડેટ ઈ.�સ.સી.પી. માાં સામેલ કરવામાાં આવશે. પ ૂર અંગેનો વવગતવાર અભ�યાસ અને તેની રોકાર�ો પરની અસર સ�સ�થવતસ�થાપક ઈન�રાસ�રક�ચરના વનમાણર�ની જાર� કરશે. આ ઉપરાાંત, અ.મ�ય.કો. પાસે પેટા-પ�રોજેક�ટ ઇ�ન�ડ�સ જરૂટરયાતો, ઈ.�સ.�મ.પી., મોવનટટરિંગ પ�લાન, અને ક�ષમતા વનમાણર� જરૂટરયાતોને અમલમાાં મ ૂકવા અને મોવનટર કરવા માટે પ ૂરતી ક�ષમતા હોવી જોઈ� જે અહીં ઓળખવામાાં આવેલ છે અને ઈ.�સ.સી.પી. માાં સમાવવટટ ૧૫. છે સ�ટેક . હોલ�ડર પરામશણ ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 35 ે ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ ટરપોટણ તૈયાર કરવા માટે પરામશણ હાથ ધરવામાાં આવ�યો હતો. ડ�રાફ�ટ �ન�વાયણમન� પેટા પ�રોજેક�ટ માટે �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ ની તૈયારી દરવમયાન સ�ક�વોટર વસાહતના રહેવાસીઓ, �સટીપી ઓપરે ટરો, અમ�યકો અવધકારીઓ સટહત વવવવધ ટહતધારકો સાથે પરામશણ હાથ ધરવામાાં આવ�યો છે . ટહસ�સેદારોની પરામશણ � ગવતશીલ પ�રટિયા છે અને જી.આર.સી.પી. પ�રોજેક�ટના સમયગાળા દરમ�યાન પરામશણ હાથ ધરવામાાં આવશે. ડ�રાફ�ટ અને અંવતમ �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ, ઇ�સ�મપી�સ અમલીકરર� �જન�સી, �ટલે કે અ.મ�ય.કો. ની વેબસાઇટ પર અને વવશ�વ બેંકની વેબસાઇટ ે ટ સોશીયલ પર ૧૦ ફેબ�રઆરી ૨૦૨૨ નાાં રોજ જાહેર કરવામાાં આવશે. અ.મ�ય.કો. ની વેબસાઈટ પર �ન�વાયણમન� ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ અને ઇ�સ�મપી જાહેર કયાણના �ક મટહના પછી પરામશણ પર� હાથ ધરવામાાં આવશે. ૧૬. પરામશણભલામર�ો અને આગળનો પછી, ટહતધારકોના માગણ સ ૂચનો સામેલ કરવામાાં આવશે, અને દસ�તાવેજો ફરીથી જાહેર કરવામાાં આવશે. �કવાર અમલીકરર�ના તબક�કા દરવમયાન વવગતવાર પ�રોજેક�ટ ટડ�ાઇન તૈયાર થઈ જાય પછી આ �ન�વાયણમન� ેટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ / ઇ�સ�મપી અપડેટ કરવામાાં આવશે. �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ � મહત�વના મદ�દાઓન ાં મ ૂલ�યાાંકન અને રૂપરે ખા આપી છે જે અમલીકરર�ના તબક�કા દરવમયાન દસ�તાવેજો અને વવગતવાર ટડ�ાઇનમાાં સમાવવામાાં આવશે; પેટાપ�રોજેક�ટની મખ�ય અસર સાબરમતી નદી અને/અથવા ફતેહવાડી કેનાલમાાં છોડવામાાં આવતા રીટેડ સ�જની ગર�વત�તામાાં સધારો થવાને કારર�ે �કાંદરે લાભ થશે, જેના પટરર�ામે શહેર અને તેના પ�રદે શના લોકોના પયાણવરર� અને આરોગ�યમાાં �કાંદરે સધારો થશે. �ન�વાયણમેન�ટ સોશીયલ ઇમ�પેક�ટ �સેસમેન�ટ સ ૂચચત પેટાપ�રોજેક�ટને કારર�ે પયાણવરર�ીય અને સામાજજક બાબતો પર જોખમો અને અસરોના 'નોંધપાત�ર' સ�તરને પ�રકાવશત કરે છે . જે મોટાભાગે બાાંધકામના તબક�કા દરવમયાન થવાની અપેક�ષા રાખવામાાં આવે છે અને તેને ટાળી શકાય છે , ઘટાડી શકાય છે અને સાંચાચલત કરી શકાય છે . આ પ�રોજેક�ટ માટે જમીન સાંપાદનની કોઈ જરૂટરયાત નથી કારર� કે સ ૂચચત પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ હાલની પ�રોજેક�ટ સીમામાાં હાથ ધરવામાાં આવશે. ત�યાાં મધ�યમથી નોંધપાત�ર બાાંધકામ અને કામગીરીના તબક�કાના જોખમો અને (i) �સટીપી સાઇટના ખલ�લા ભાગને નવી સવવધામાાં રૂપાાંતટરત કરવા તથા હાલના �સટીપીન ાં ટડમોચલશન, જેને ટડકન�ટવમનેશનની જરૂર પડી શકે છે , (ii) બાાંધકામને કારર�ે અવાજ અને હવાની ગર�વત�તા અને ખાસ કરીને, સ ૂચચત ટડમોચલશન, પટરવહન પ�રવ ૃવત�તઓ, (iii) વ�યવસાવયક અને સામદાવયક આરોગ�ય અને સલામતી જોખમો અને અસરો, (iv) સ�થાવનકોને ખલેલ વનસ�પવત અને પ�રાર�ીસ ૃષ�ટટ અને નજીકની સ�થાવનક રીતે મહત�વપ ૂર�ણ સાાંસ�કૃવતક ે લ કચરો, ઇ-કચરો, જોખમી અસ�કયામતો (કબ�રસ�તાન), (v) સ�લજ અને કચરો જેમાાં (ઘન કચરો, ચબન-બાયોટડગ�રેડબ કચરો અને મોટા પ�રમાર�માાં સી�ન�ડડી કચરો) દૂ વર�ત હોવ ાં જે જોખમો અને અસરોને ઘટાડવા માટે સારી રીતે સાંચાચલત કરવાની જરૂર છે , (vi) ઉપ-શ�રેટઠ રીતે સારવાર કરાયેલ સ�જ અથવા આકસ�સ�મક પર ઇ�સ�મપી સારી ટડ�ાઇન, કડક ટડસ�ચાર�જ ધોરર�ો અપનાવવા અને વનયમનકારી અનપાલન દ�વારા આ જોખમો અને અસરોને ટાળવા, ઘટાડવા અને સાંચાચલત કરવા માટેની પદ�ધવતઓની યાદી આપે છે ; અને સારી આંતરરાટરીય ઉદ�યોગ પ�રર�ાલીઓને અનસરે છે . તેના માટે મીટીગેશનના પગલાાં આપવામાાં આવ�યા છે . આમાાંથી રીટેડ ગટરના પ�રવાહને કારર�ે સાંચચત અસર થશે અને અન�ય �સટીપીને જી.આર.સી.પી. દ�વારા અપગ�રેડ કરવાની દરખાસ�ત કરવામાાં આવશે જે કડક ટડસ�ચાર�જ ધોરર�ોને સવનવિત કરવાના પ�રોજેક�ટના ઉદ�દે શ�યને ધ�યાનમાાં રાખીને અત�યાંત ે પેટાપ�રોજેક�ટના અમલીકરર� પછી, રીટેડ પાર�ીની ગર�વત�તામાાં સધારો થશે અને તે સાબરમતી ફાયદાકારક રહેશ. નદીના પયાણવરર�ીય સાંતલનને સધારવામાાં મદદ કરશે. જેના પટરર�ામે �કાંદરે વધ સારાં પયાણવરર� અને આરોગ�ય પ�રાપ�ત થશે. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 36 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The Government of Gujarat (GoG) has requested the Bank to support the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) in developing resilient urban infrastructure to address the evolving needs of rapidly expanding urban population in the city, through the Gujarat Resilient Cities Partnership: Ahmedabad City Resilience Project (G- ACRP). The city which is a key economic growth centre for the state, has expressed that there are key gaps in basic urban infrastructure relating to wastewater management/recycling and reuse, storm water drainage, lake and water body rejuvenation and flood risk management. Further, there are several institutional, planning, financing and governance issues related to service delivery including lack of integrated multi-sector approach for sustainable and resilient municipal service delivery, primarily across various service sectors. The proposed development objective of G-ACRP proposed to be supported by the World Bank’s Investment Project Financing (IPF) is to develop resilient and sustainable urban service delivery and financial systems in Ahmedabad. As a first phase of a programmatic partnership, G-ACRP will provide financing and technical support to Ahmedabad city for implementing reforms and investments to improve service delivery and establish a solid foundation to extend support to other cities in Gujarat. G-:ACRP will support AMC in addressing key institutional, financial, and service delivery constraints to improve the resilience and sustainability of priority urban services. G-ACRP project consists of three major components which will strengthen AMC’s institutional and financial systems and revenue performance; Improving wastewater management services; and develop state level institutional systems and capacities. The proposed subject of the construction of STP is proposed in two sections. Initially Section I of STP with minimum capacity of 120 MLD shall be constructed to meet better discharge standards (NGT suggested norms with TSS<10 mg/l); in the available 10 ha land parcel. After commissioning of Section I STP, existing STP will be demolished, and the area thus retrieved, and the available remaining site area will be used to construct the remaining capacity of STP (255 MLD) and odor control system and upgradation of the allied infrastructure including existing three terminal sewage pump station/s at Vasna, Ahmedabad is being undertaken under the ACRP project. Details of the sub project are discussed in details in section 1.3 below. AMC intends to implement this subproject in a Design-Build-Operate – Transfer format and is in the process of preparing Feasibility Report for this subproject. Royal Haskoning DHV Consulting Pvt. Ltd. in consortium with TTI Consulting Engineers (India) Pvt. Ltd. has been appointed as Consultant to prepare the Feasibility Report with preliminary design for the project. AMC has appointed TATA Consulting Engineers Limited (TCE) to prepare ESIA reports for the subprojects which would be taken up during initial two years under G- ACRP. This report is the ESIA prepared by TCE for the proposed subproject CONSTRUCTION OF NEW 375 MLD STP AND UPGRADATION OF THE ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE INCLUDING EXISTING THREE TERMINAL SEWAGE PUMP STATION/S AT VASNA, AHMEDABAD 1.2 Rationale for the Proposed Sub-Project: CONSTRUCTION OF NEW 375 MLD STP AND UPGRADATION OF THE ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE INCLUDING EXISTING THREE TERMINAL SEWAGE PUMP STATION/S AT VASNA, AHMEDABAD Ahmedabad city is unique in its geographic features (such as almost flat terrain, Sabarmati and Khari rivers draining the city and its region, presence of lakes), climatic conditions (hot-semi arid with less rainfall, scorching summers, and very cold winters), and environmental characteristics; and is prone to extreme events (such as floods and earthquake). The population of Ahmedabad ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 37 the fifth largest city in India was 5.57 million in 2011 (Census) estimated to be 6.3 million by 2020. With the increasing opportunities for trade and commerce and as a centre for higher education, this heavy growth continues. It is highly industrialized, with a high-density population living hand in hand with a beautiful heritage. Water availability is less mainly dependent on Narmada waters, while the demand for industrial effluent and wastewater management, sanitation, and waste management are increasing day by day. Today, with its status as a predicted megacity, upgrading and developing sustainable urban environmental infrastructure is very important for its people and environment. There are six (6) Sewerage (drainage) zones in Ahmedabad. The city has 98 percent water supply network coverage with adequate bulk water treatment capacity. The current per capita water supply is estimated to be 150-160 lpcd, which is slightly more than national benchmark level of 150 lpcd as per the CPHEEO manual. AMC is divided in 6 sewerage catchment areas, three of these are at eastern side and other three are at western side of the River Sabarmati. There are 68 sewage pumping stations, out of these 10 are terminal sewage pumping stations. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 38 Figure 1 Location of STPs including Vasna 126 MLD The City has 3302 km sewer network with 1.27 million house connections, 64 Sewage pumping stations and 18 Sewage Treatment Plants with a total treatment capacity of 1248 MLD. Around 90% of the city area is served by the existing sewer network. Population in the catchment area of the Vasna STPs Including Vasna 240 MLD, Vasna 126 MLD, Vasna 35 MLD and Vasna 48 MLD STPs) will increase from 1.5 million in 2021 to 2.3 million in 2039 which will increase the sewage quantity to be treated from 209.26 to 315.15 MLD in the same period. Ahmedabad was granted the status of a Metropolitan city in 2014. Accordingly, the per capita water supply to Ahmedabad is 150 lpcd. Thus, the sewer network design and treatment capacity of STPs would have been based on 122 lpcd of sewage generation as shown in the Table 1 below. Additional quantity of about 7% of the sewage shall be allowed on account of infiltration into the sewers. The CPHEEO Manual restricts the infiltration flow to a maximum of 10%. Table 1: Sewage Generation Details Sl. No Description Prior to 2014 (lpcd) After 2014 (lpcd) 1 Water Supply to residents (Excluding UFW) 135 150 2 Allow supply for commercial institutional & 7.5 7.5 Civic amenities (minimum) 3 Total per Capita water supply 142.5 157.5 4 Sewage generation (80% of water supply) 114 126 5 Infiltration- 7% (Maximum 10%) 7.98 8.8 6 Total per capita sewage generation 122 135 The sewage generation based on 150 lpcd water supply and the estimated population of 7.13 million in 2021 is 963 MLD. Not all sewage generated in the catchments reaches the STPs for treatment as some of the sewers in the trunk sewer network of the catchments are dysfunctional or partially defunct. However, when the problematic sewers in the network are rehabilitated, the STPs are expected to receive the full amount of sewage. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 39 Western Zone -2 covers approximately 75 sq. km. area of AMC. Catchment to the 126 MLD treatment Plant at Vasna include Area Between 132 feet Ring Road and S. G. Highway, Old AUDA area, Chandlodiya, Ghatlodiya, Memnagar, Vejalpur, Prahaladnagar, Satellite, Vastrapur, Maktampura. The estimated contributing population for this zone is about 14.53 lakh. As per the SCADA records, about 338 MLD sewage is generated at present in this zone. The entire sewage from this zone is ultimately conveyed to four STP at 60 MLD Jal Vihar, Vasna 48 MLD, Vasna 35 MLD and Vasna 126 MLD at Vasna through three TSPS. Vasna Barrage TSPS receives wastewater from the interceptor sewer and feeds to 35 MLD STP. Vasna Terminal 76 MLD TSPS feeds to 48 MLD STP while the Vasna (AUDA) 126 MLD TSPS feed to 126 MLD STP. The wastewater from Chandrabhaga drain is intercepted and taken to Jal Vihar STP. The Western Zone 2 catchment has four STPs Viz 60 MLD Jal Vihar, 35 MLD Vasna, 48 MLD Vasna and 126 MLD Vasna. At Vasna, the three STPs viz 240 MLD (Activated Sludge Process (ASP)), 35 MLD (ASP) and 126 MLD (Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)) are located in close vicinity. The study of their respective upstream sewerage infrastructure revealed that some part of catchment area of 126 MLD and 35 MLD are common while there is altogether different catchment area for 240 MLD STP. As stated above, there is a gap between the amount of sewage generated within the AMC limits and the total amount of wastewater treated. Existing large STPs established more than 10 - 12 years back have been working in a suboptimal manner due to operation and maintenance issues, which has also contributed to increasing the pollution load in the river Sabarmati to which they discharge the treated water as suggested in the Consent Conditions issued by the regulator, namely Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB). At various locations along the Sabarmati River, it has been observed that wastes, domestic wastewater, sewage and effluent from few industries are being directly discharged into the river. This has affected the quality of water in Sabarmati River, the farmlands and communities downstream which are dependent on the river and the ground water quality in the nearby localities. This plant is based on UASB technology and currently, has to abide by the discharge standards in the Consent Conditions issued by GPCB based on MoEFCC 2017 standards. The quality of treated sewage however is not as per consent conditions and needs improvement. AMC aspires to upgrade the plant to meet stringent standards put forth by NGT for important parameters and the CPCB General Discharge standards for other parameters, as these are either more stringent (for BOD, COD, TSS) or at par (for N P, Oil and grease) with the discharge standards suggested in WB EHS. The earlier design parameters did not consider the Biological Nutrient Removal i.e., BNR capability which affect the quality of treated effluent for discharge. Hence, the existing Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) of 126 MLD capacity at Vasna is proposed for capacity augmentation under the G- ACRP project. AUDA had setup this STP in 2010 under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission of the Government of India at a cost of INR 842 million to treat sewage at Vasna site. Many of the systems and equipment in the STP require upgradation and replacement. This STP is not functioning optimally as evident from the quality of treated sewage. AMC proposes to (i) increase the capacity of the STP and change the treatment process to enable it to accept and treat the sewage generated by all occupants in its catchment optimally. (ii) ensure higher efficiency and achieve service level benchmark set by National agencies and regulators, (iii) achieve a better quality of treated sewage as suggested by the National Green Tribunal (which would meet the prevailing MoEFCC 2017 discharge standards as well). This will reduce discharge, and bypass untreated or sub- optimally treated sewage and sludge in waterbodies and land in its catchment and area of influence minimize contamination of surface and ground water sources, and overall improvement in the health of the environment and the society. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 40 1.3 Proposed Sub-project Details The existing Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) of 126 MLD capacity at Vasna is proposed for upgradation to 375 MLD capacity under the G- ACRP project. The proposed project design as per FR submitted was for 375 MLD in existing premises. In April 2022, there was a change in design and STP is, now, proposed to be constructed under sectional completion. Section I of min. 120 MLD capacity shall be constructed in available vacant land in existing premises within 2.0 years and after its commissioning, flow received at existing 126 MLD STP shall be diverted to new Section I STP. The construction of STP is proposed in two sections. Initially Section I of STP with minimum capacity of 120 MLD shall be constructed to meet better discharge standards (NGT suggested norms with TSS<10 mg/l); in the available 10 ha land parcel. After commissioning of Section I STP, existing STP will be demolished, and the area thus retrieved, and the available remaining site area will be used to construct the remaining capacity of STP (255 MLD) and odor control system. ESIA has been revised based on discussions held with design consultants (DHV), AMC, and TCE experts. Construction period is considered for 4.5 years and O&M period – 15 years. The existing STP was built in the year 2002 and over the years, its functioning is deteriorated as evident from the quality of treated sewage, and many of the infrastructure is dilapidated. AMC proposes to: i. change the treatment process to enable it to accept and treat the sewage generated by all occupants in its catchment optimally, ii. ensure higher efficiency and achieve service level benchmark set by National agencies and regulators, iii. achieve better quality of treated sewage as suggested by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) which would meet the prevailing MoEFCC 2017 discharge standards as well. Following are the components proposed in this sub-project – i. STP Upgradation– New STP will be constructed with 375 MLD capacity (instead of the existing 126 MLD STP (proposed for demolition) and 35 MLD STP (presently noted as to be abandoned in FR) to meet at the minimum, the agreed discharge standards. ii. Demolition of existing 126 MLD STP at Vasna, after construction of new STP is complete, and abandonment of Vasna 35 MLD STP as per FR. Though it is expected that none of the existing civil structures would be used at STP but exact details of defunct civil structures would be known only at the Design stage after the contract is awarded. iii. Terminal Sewage Pump Stations – There are minor defects like seepage/leakage in the structures, corrosion of reinforcement, spalling of concrete, minor cracks, damaged railing, damaged water proofing, spalling of plaster etc in structure observed during the visual inspection of the TSPS structures. All these minor defects will be repaired for the intended use by grouting, repair mortars, geniting etc. as per the rehabilitation methodology; and electromechanical and other works will be undertaken. Electric works include At Vasna AUDA 126 MLD TSPS, there will be six nos 250 KW of pumps and two nos of 132 KW pumps in the proposed scheme and will be fed from the new LT panel. At Vasna Barrage 35 MLD TSPS, 11 KV panels will be replaced with new panels of same capacity and will be controlled from SCADA. The two nos of 1250 KVA transformers will be replaced with new one and the secondaries will be connected to an LT panel having two incomers bus coupler system. The LT panel will be replaced with new one with two incomers bus coupler system. At Vasna 76 MLD Terminal TSPS, two nos of 2000 KVA transformers will be used, and the secondaries will be connected to an LT panel having two incomers bus coupler system. Programmable logic controller (PLC) based control panel and SCADA interface - A new PLC based Control ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 41 Panel is proposed with latest configuration which will enhance the automation level of the126 MLD (AUDA) Vasna TSPS operations and monitoring. iv. A new pumping main of 2000 mm diameter to be laid from TSPS to the upcoming 375 MLD STP Vasna to supply 160 MLD raw sewage for treatment on an average and to carry the maximum spontaneous flow of 320 MLD v. Outfall facilities - it is proposed to consider two nos. of 1800mm diameter sewers with a new outfall structure for discharge into Sabarmati as existing outfall to Sabarmati River will become insufficient wrt 375 MLD capacity and therefore shall have to be abandoned. Outfall towards Fatehwadi canal is already closed by AMC and same shall continue. vi. Sludge management – Biogas plant is proposed along with AMCs proposed Sludge Management Facility Available land at existing 126 MLD STP is approximately 22.0 hectares. Design will consider land optimising options in terms of technology and economizing land requirement. Land to be reserved for future expansion of the STP. The estimated cost for the proposed upgradation works is approximately 800 to 850 crores. Table 2: Cost Estimate for the Proposed STP Rehabilitation and allied facilities is based on the following Sr. Description of Item Qty No. 1 survey and investigation by total station, Geotechnical survey, Hydraulic designs & LS drawings, Structural designs & drawings, detailed estimates/BOQs with all necessary reports (Preliminary and Detailed Design reports, any technical notes as required) including preparation of as-built drawings, vetting of design & drawings from NIT/IIT etc complete as per directions of Engineer in Charge. The cost of preliminary works such as setting up offices for contractor and client, Contractor’s yard etc is included in the cost. 3. Terminal Pump Station: Upgrading 3no. of Pump Station and its allied rising mains 1 Lot for 126 MLD Vasna (AUDA), Vasna Terminal and Vasna Barrage Terminal Pump Stations. Design, supply, install, commissioning of step screens, pumps, motorised valves, local PLC system, electromagnetic flow meters, street lighting etc. complete to accommodate in the existing pump stations including all Civil, mechanical, Electrical and Instrumentation works etc. Complete. 4 Designing, constructing, hydraulic testing, commissioning and giving satisfactorily 375 MLD trial runs of 375 MLD STP (two sections) of Advanced modern Sequential Batch Reactor Technology with Biogas generation which can be accommodated in the limited identified land space consisting of Preliminary, Secondary and tertiary units and necessary outfall pipes with outfall structure etc. complete as per the requirement of NGT Standards with relevant national/ international codes etc. necessary piping work with required valves, gates, drains, path Ways, Administration Block cum Laboratory, Blower house and watchmen quarters as necessary, Laboratory Equipment, Internal Roads, Pathways, Tools and plants, Treated effluent arrangements etc. complete as turnkey job with all involved Civil, electrical, Instrumentation and mechanical works, units as per detailed specifications for civil, electrical, Instrumentation and mechanical components complete to achieve discharge standards BOD < 10ppm, TSS <10ppm, COD < ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 42 Sr. Description of Item Qty No. 50ppm for disposal to river (for 375 MLD) as mentioned in the employers requirements in the Bid documents. Plant shall be constructed in two sections. The contractor shall dismantle the units and equipment’s as per the requirement and as per direction of the EIC. The plant should be completely automated with SCADA etc complete. 5 Solar Roof Top System with local metering Lot 6 Approach Road Lot 7 Dismantling of STP Lot ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 43 1.4 Objectives and Scope of the ESIA The subproject has to comply with the Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) of the World Bank (WB) and its Environment and Social Standards (ESS). The sub project also needs to comply with various Central and State Government standards, guidelines and statutory requirements. As per the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) prepared by AMC for the G- ACRP, all proposed subprojects activities shall be screened, and risks categorised, to determine the extent of E&S due diligence required. Hence, for the proposed upgradation of existing 126 MLD STP at Vasna, Initial Environmental and Social Screening (IESS) was conducted using the screening format in the ESMF, and risk level was determined. Since the upgradation of existing Vasna 126 MLD STP was identified as a Substantial risk subproject, it requires assessment of E&S risks and impacts along with the preparation of Feasibility Report/ Detailed Project Report. The subproject will be bid out for implementation on a Design – Build – Operate – Transfer (DBOT) mechanism, also integrating the ESMP prepared through this ESIA in the procurement documents, so that the contractor can plan and arrange the required capacity and resources for implementing and managing the E&S aspects. At this Feasibility Report Stage, before detailed design of the proposed rehabilitation works, it is established that the location of the facility will not change. Suggested technological options and plan for upgradation are outlined in the Feasibility Report. Based on this and the regulatory requirements, the ESIA assesses the potential risks and impacts of this subproject. While the location will not change, almost all existing Electro-mechanical and instrumentation assets at STP and majority of them at TSPS will become defunct after commissioning of STP and TSPS. It is expected that none of the existing civil structures would be used at STP but exact details of defunct civil structures would be known only at the Design stage after the contract is awarded The handling and disposal of same is in Contractor’s scope. , the DBOT contractor once on board will further update the ESIA and ESMP based on the final technology which would be adopted, and the detailed design which will be prepared for the subproject. Proposed upgradation activities i.e., Demolition of existing structures, construction, remodelling, upgradation of existing structures to, preparing access roads, High pressure wash water screening, installation of equipment such as TSS analyser, replacement of screens, belt conveyor, SCADA system, upgradation of laboratory, screenings and sludge management etc. must adhere to the best standards for sustainable environment, social acceptability and economic viability. As per the World Bank ESF, prior to investing into such development projects the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment is to be carried out. Tasks undertaken by TCE while preparing the ESIA: • Supporting the Client in updating the ESMF Stage 1 & 2 Screening • Environmental & Social Audit of the existing STP • Review of key environmental & social legislations applicable to this project and necessary regulatory requirements, Word Bank ESF, ESMF for G- ACRP and other guidance. • Assessing the baseline status of air, water, noise, soil, land, ecology, cultural heritage and socio-economic aspects. In order to assess these impacts baseline monitoring was conducted for the sub project site and its immediate surroundings and areas within 5 km radius. • Conducting stakeholder consultations for environmental & social issues. • Assessing the Social and Environmental risks and impacts of the subproject due to the upgradation/ construction and operational phases including cumulative impacts due to other STPs and other activities nearby, and climate change vulnerability ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 44 • Socio-economic assessment to identify the vulnerable groups (e.g., elderly, female- headed households, migrants/ squatters/ urban poor, extreme poor) that may be affected by the sub-project activities • Analysis of proposed project site, technology, design, and operations from the perspective of likely environmental and social risks and impacts and develop the ESMP to mitigate/ offset/ reduce the impacts & risks. • Preparing the and E & S monitoring plan, cost estimate/ budget for ESMP implementation and monitoring, and institutional arrangements for managing and mitigation of the E&S risks and impacts 1.5 Environmental and Social Risks: An overview The subproject is Capacity augmentation & rehabilitation of existing 126 MLD capacity STP at Vasna (and to include the flow from the current Vasna 35 MLD Plant), the capacity of the STP will increase to 375 MLD. This will ensure full treatment of sewage from western zone 2 of the city covering 1.453 million people. The estimated contributing population for this zone is about 14.53 lakh. As per the SCADA records, about 338 MLD sewage is generated at present in this zone. The entire sewage from this zone is ultimately conveyed to four STP at 60 MLD Jal Vihar, Vasna 48 NLD, Vasna 35 MLD and Vasna 126 MLD at Vasna through three TSPS. AMC intends to follow the best available discharge standards namely, the discharge standards suggested by the Hon’ble National Green Tribunal (NGT) while rehabilitating the STP, to ensure the best effects on the water body River Sabarmati, where treated sewage is discharged by the existing facility as per the Consent Conditions of the regulator; GPCB. This will result in better quality of 375 MLD sewage reaching Sabarmati, with benefits on the environment, overall health, and economy of the inhabitants in western zone 2 of the city, and downstream villages to the south of Ahmedabad, on both sides of the Sabarmati flow path. 1.6 Structure of the Report The ESIA has been structured as follows: EXECUTIVE NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF THE ESIA REPORT SUMMARY CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION provides project (G- ACRP) description, project components and the rationale for the proposed Subproject (This Chapter). CHAPTER 2. POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK discusses applicable National/ State/ local regulations, WB ESF/ESSs, and applicable standards/guidance applicable for the proposed subproject CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE provides the present status of environmental & social parameters which will be affected due to the proposed development. This includes Environmental Audit conducted for the existing STP. CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES looks at possible alternatives to the proposed subproject including a ‘no’ project scenario CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS AND IMPACTS: describes potential impacts and risks due to the proposed subproject and related activities in line with applicable regulations and WB ESSs CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING PLAN presents the need to avoid certain risks and impacts on valued environmental components, mitigation/ management measures for identified risks and impacts, with institutional responsibility for implementing these ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 45 CHAPTER 7. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS discuss the proposed intuitional arrangements to implement, review and supervise subproject risk and impact mitigation CHAPTER 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE presents the consultations undertaken and proposed to be undertaken, institutional responsibility, mechanisms, and schedules to disclose the subproject E&S documents ANNEXURES ANNEXURE I: INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EXAMINATION ANNEXURE II: APPLICABLE REGULATIONS ANNEXURE III: WORLD BANK ESSs APPLICABLE TO THE PROJECT ANNEXURE IV: BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT: FLORA & FAUNA ANNEXURE V: OHS RISKS DURING VARIOUS SUBPROJECT PHASES ANNEXURE VI: DISUSSION ON MAJOR PROPOSED/ ONGOING PROJECTS IN AHMEDABAD ANNEXURE VII: ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT OF EXISTING VASNA 240 MLD STP, AHMEDABAD ANNEXURE VIII: MOM - SAMPLE STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS FOR 375 MLD STP AT VASNA AHMEDABAD ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 46 CHAPTER 2. POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK There are various national, state level policies and regulations applicable to proposed subprojects. The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and the Central and State Pollution Control Boards (CPCB and SPCBs) together form the regulatory bodies; while National Green Tribunal (NGT) is tasked with providing an effective and expeditious remedy in cases relating to environmental protection, conservation of forests and other natural resources, and enforcement of any legal right relating to the environment. Applicable regulations include international environmental treaties to which India is party, National and State regulations, laws and procedures applicable for the sub project encompassing environmental Conservation and management, regulations related waste management, Acts/ Rules applicable to Land Acquisition, RoW use, Encroachments on municipal drains, Acts and legislation with respect to various labor acts and labour welfare, Other regulations/ Policies/ Guidelines applicable to various construction/ implementation activities and other miscellaneous acts. The important legislations are included in the ESMF for the G-ACRP project and compiled in Annexure II, Table 54. Guidelines pertaining to the sub-project specifically are discussed below: • Guidelines for Management of Sanitary Waste, 2018; CPCB • Guidelines on Environmental Management of Construction & Demolition (C & D) Wastes, CPCB • Guidelines for Utilisation of Treated Effluent in Irrigation, September 2019, CPCB • National Building Codes (Part IV Fire and Life Safety), Bureau of Indian Standards • AMC Building byelaws 2.1 Technical Guidelines on Sewerage and Drainage at National Level Central Government agencies have issued various guidelines for various aspects and associated aspects of sewerage and drainage projects. Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) has the responsibility of i) Preparation of Technical Guidelines in the form of Manuals in the field of Public Health & Environmental Engineering which are used as basic documents by the State Public Health Engineering Departments/ State Water Boards/ UTs/ Urban Local Bodies in their functions of planning, designing, construction and operation & maintenance of water supply and sanitation schemes in the above sectors. ii) Technical scrutiny of water supply, sanitation including solid waste management and storm water drainage schemes submitted by the States/ UTs/ Urban Local Bodies for urban sector seeking assistance from external funding agencies such as World Bank/ JICA/ ADB and Bilateral agencies etc. iii) Technical assistance to other Central Ministries/ Departments like Ministries of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Economic Affairs, Jal Shakti, New & Renewable Energy, Social Justice & Empowerment, Health & Family Welfare, Commerce & Industry, Labour & Employment, Steel, Mines, etc. in respect of various projects and problems referred to by them. The most important guidance applicable to this subproject is listed here, with a description of the guidelines presented in Annexure II. • Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems, 2013 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 47 • Manual on Storm Water Drainage Systems, 2019: Applicable as the manual states that combined storm water and sewage in the same pipeline has resulted in several adverse effects in the process of treatment, operation, maintenance and also on the environment. Manual recommends that sewage should be separated from the storm water drainage system as it is currently in practice all over the world • Manual on Operation and Maintenance of Water Supply System, 2005 • Manual on Solid Waste Management (applicable to screenings, sludge, grit, other wastes from premises) • Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management – 2016 • Manual on Water Supply and Treatment -1999 Guidelines and Advisories are issued by the CPHEEO and MoUD. Though water supply and sanitation are a State subject, CPHEEO provides policies, strategies and guidelines to the States & UTs Governments including Municipal Corporations/ Committees. It acts as an Advisory body at Central level to advise the concerned State agencies and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in implementation, operation & maintenance of urban water supply, sanitation and solid waste management projects and helps to adopt latest technologies in these sub sectors. CPHEEO also provides technical assistance to central ministries including MOEFCC in respect of various projects and problems referred by them. The advisories cover various thematic areas including environment, health, safety, public. The below mentioned guidelines and advisories are issued by CPHEEO which are relevant to the designing, planning and implementation of the project. • Guidelines for Decentralized Wastewater Management • Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Cleaning of Sewers and Septic Tanks • Advisory note on Septage management in Urban India • National Policy on Faecal Sludge and Septage Management • Advisory on Public and Community Toilets • Advisory on Tariff for Water supply and Sewerage • Recent Trends in Technologies in Sewerage System. Details of applicable regulations is presented in Annexure II. 2.2 Standards for Discharge of Treated Sewage Standards for Discharge of Treated Effluents was initially published in India by MoEFCC under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. MoEFCC in 2015 and 2017 revised the standards to be followed for disposal of treated sewage. Sewage discharge standards for disposal into water bodies were also discussed by the National Green Tribunal, the environmental watch agency of the country in its many important judgments. The following Table 3 presents a comparison of sewage discharge standards. Table 3: Comparison of Sewage Discharge Norms/ Orders in India S. Parameters General Normsg 1986 Draft MoEF&CC NGT No. Norms notification, Oct. Order Inland Public Land Marine Nov. 2017** 2019** Surface Sewer Irrigation Coastal Areas 2015** Water 1 BOD (mg/l) 30 350 100 100 10 30 10 20 (in metro citiesh) 2 COD (mg/l) 250 - - 250 50 - 50 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 48 S. Parameters General Normsg 1986 Draft MoEF&CC NGT No. Norms notification, Oct. Order Inland Public Land Marine Nov. 2017** 2019** Surface Sewer Irrigation Coastal Areas 2015** Water 3 TSSi (mg/l) 100 600 200 100 (process 20 100 20 water) 50 (metro cities) 4 pH 5.5-9 5.5-9 5.5-9 5.5-9 6.5-9 6.5-9 5.5-9 5 TNj (mg/l) 100 - - 100 10 - 10 6 Ammoniacal 50 - 50 5k - - Nitrogen as N 7 Free NH3 (mg/l) 5 5 - - - 8 Nitrate (mg/l) 10 20 - - - 9 Diss. PO4 as P 5 - - - - - 1l (mg/l) 10 Faecal Coliform - - - - <100 <1,000 <230 (MPN/100 ml) g standards set in 1986 cover in total 40 parameters, which are not depicted in this illustration. NOTE: industrial wastewater standards are regulated under CETP (Common Effluent Treatment Plant) set, which is not focus on this study. hMetro Cities, all state capitals except in the state of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir and Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Dadar and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep Areas/regions. ** Standards applicable for discharge into water bodies and land disposal/applications, while reuse is encouraged. i As SS in (mg/l) in General Norms, 1986. j As Total Kjedahl Nitrogen in General Norms, 1986 k As NH4-N l Valid for Phosphorus Total (for discharge into ponds and lakes) Existing STPs were designed to comply with the sewage discharge standards prevailing during the year 2017 and need process/ technology up-gradation to comply with the latest discharge standards. Consent granted by GPCB to STPs in Ahmedabad stipulates upgrading the facilities to meet the MoEFCC 2017 standards in five years whereas NGT suggested standards are more stringent as presented in Table 4 above. NGT has in 2017 suggested stringent standards for discharge of treated sewage. AMC aspires to follow these guidelines for all proposed activities under G- ACRP, so as to bring in better environmental effects. Table 4: NGT suggested Discharge parameters for Treated Sewage Sl.No. Parameter NGT Suggested treated effluent Prevailing MoEFCC 20177 discharge standards for STPs, 2017 1 pH 5.5-9.0 6.5 -9.0 2. BOD <10 mg/l 20 3. TSS <20 mg/l <50 5. Total Nitrogen < 10 mg/l - 4. Phosphorus – Total < 2 mg/l - 5. Faecal Coliform <230 <1000 (MPN/100 ml) Source: NGT, Original Application No. 1069/2018, (M.A. No. 1792/2018, M.A. No. 1793/2018, I.A. No. 150/2019 & I.A.No. 151/2019). 7These Standards shall apply to all STPs to be commissioned on or after the 1st June, 2019 and the old/existing STPs shall achieve these standards within a period of five years from date of publication of this notification in the Official Gazette. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 49 Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2017. G.S.R. 1265 Dated 13th October 2017. A comparison8 of India’s Standards with those in other countries presented in the Table 5 below. It reads that NGT suggested standards for disposal of treated sewage is stringent than that of other prevalent standards. 8Schellenberg Tatjana, Subramanian Vrishali, Ganeshan Ganapathy, Tompkins David, Pradeep Rohinim, 2020. Wastewater Discharge Standards in the Evolving Context of Urban Sustainability–The Case of India, Journal: Frontiers in Environmental Science, VOLUME-8 Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00030 Accessed on : September 7, 2021 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 50 Table 5: Comparison of Treated Sewage Discharge Standards across Countries Country PE Treated pH t (°C) SS (mg SS/l) DO (mg COD (mg BOD (mg TN (mg Total Total TP (mg Microbiological Indicators O2/l) COD/l) BOD/l) N/l) Ammonium Ammonia P/l) (mg NH4-N) (NH3-N) EU Urban >2,000 35/90% 125/75 % 25/70-90 % - - wastewater reduction reduction reduction treatment 10,000- 15 2 Directive 100,000 (UWWTD)p >100,000 10 1 Ireland ≤10 30 20 5 20 2 >2,000 UWWTD apply as a minimum, but may be more stringent to comply with Water Framework Directive (WFD) France <20 30 35 20-2000 6-8.5 <25 50%reduction 60% 35, 60% reduction reduction >2000 UWWTD apply as a minimum, but may be more stringent to comply with Water Framework Directive (WFD) Romania >2000 UWWTD apply as a minimum, but may be more stringent to comply with Water Framework Directive (WFD) Ecuador 6-9 ±3q 130 200 100 50 TKN 30 10 <2000 FC MPN/100 ml Tanzania 6.5-8.5 20-35 100 TSS 60 30 15 TKN 6 <10,000 TC counts/100 ml Jordan 60 TSS >1 150 60 70 15 as T- <1000 E. coli MPN/100 ml PO4 Nematodes <1 India 2015 6.5-9 20 TSS 50 10 10 <5 <100 FC MPN/ 100ml India 2017-18 Metro 6.5-9 50 TSS 20 <1000 FC MPN/ 100ml Non-metro 100 TSS 30 India NGT 5.5-9 20 TSS 50 10 10 1 <230 FC MPN/ 100ml 2019 India 1986r Inland 5.5-9 <5 100 250 30 100 5 as free 5 diss. Water TKN NH3 PO4 as P Land 200 100 Irrigation Note to table: Coliforms represented includes E. Coli, Faecal Coli (FC) and Total Coliforms (TC) o Detail for ranges of permitted consents omitted from this version for clarity p TP and TN only considered in designated “sensitive� area q of the receiving water body r Total set covers a range of 40 parameters and three further application areas for discharge into public sewer, marine coastal areas. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 51 In addition, as per CPCB, designated best use class of any river in the country would be determined based on the following. Most stretches of Sabarmati confirmed to Class B during pre-COVID-19 lock down period, as per GPCB’s recent report9. NGT has suggested polluted river stretches (Sabarmati is one) be maintained at < BOD 3mg/L and Faecal Coliforms at <500MPN. So, considering the assimilative capacity, since the existing poor discharge quality maintains the river at B Class, it is clear that following NGT Standards would help maintain this, and probably elevate to higher class. Table 6: CPCB Designated Best Use Classification of Rivers Designated-Best-Use Class of water Criteria Drinking water source A • Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less without conventional • pH between 6.5 and 8.5 treatment but after • Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more disinfection • Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20C 2mg/l or less Outdoor bathing B • Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less pH between 6.5 (Organised) and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more • Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20C 3mg/l or less Drinking water source after C • Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less pH between 6 to 9 conventional treatment Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more and disinfection • Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20C 3mg/l or less Propagation of Wildlife and D • pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Fisheries • Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less Irrigation, Industrial E • pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Cooling, Controlled Waste • Electrical Conductivity at 25C micro mhos/cm Max.2250 disposal • Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 • Boron Max. 2mg/l Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria 2.3 The World Bank ESF and Environmental and Social Standards (ESS) • ESS-1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts • ESS-2 Labour and Working Conditions • ESS-3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management • ESS-4 Community Health and Safety • ESS-5 Land Acquisition Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement • ESS-6 Biodiversity Conservation • ESS-7 Indigenous Peoples • ESS-8 Cultural Heritage • ESS-9 Financial Intermediaries • ESS-10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure Annexure III discusses the relevance of the described ESS to the project. 99 https://gpcb.gujarat.gov.in/uploads/GPCB_STUDY_REPO_DRAFT_IMPACT_LOCKDOWN_WATER_UPTO_JUNE2020.pdf ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 52 2.3.1 GRCP-A: ESMF Considering the National/ State Regulations and requirements and WB ESF requirements, AMC has prepared an ESMF to guide screening, scoping, identification of risk/ impacts and their assessment, and preparation of mitigation measures, monitoring plan, institutional mechanism and budget for managing the risks and impacts associated with all subprojects under G-ACRP. The ESMF is disclosed and is available at: https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/web?requestType=ApplicationRH&actionVal=viewAtt achment&queryType=Select&screenId=2900003&AttachmentFileName=ESMF.pdf and ESIA is uploaded at: https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/web?requestType=ApplicationRH&actionVal=viewAtt achment&queryType=Select&screenId=2900003&AttachmentFileName=ESIA-126-MLD- STP.pdf 2.3.1.1. Sub-project Screening and Categorisation All subprojects are subjected to two-stage screening exercise, Stage 1: using the exclusion list, and Stage 2: using the E&S screening checklist. The subproject sites are initially screened to determine if they are to be excluded from G-ACRP during Stage 1 screening. Table 7: Activities Excluded from G- ACRP as per ESMF Sl No: Non-permissible Activities 1 Sub-projects in sites/ locations which should be excluded as per prevailing Rules/ Laws on Natural Habitats and Forests or Archeologically Protected Monuments (National, State, Local): (i) any construction in demarcated Forest areas or protected natural areas or their buffers, (ii) any subproject which would impact critical natural habitats, (iii) any subproject which shall be excluded as per AMASR Act, (iv) any subproject components or activities in the Historic Walled City of Ahmedabad – the UNESCO World Heritage Site 2 Sub-projects in sites/ locations which should be excluded as per applicable siting criteria prescribed by GPCB, Master Plan, Excluded Disaster Zones, or other applicable criteria set out by National, State, Local Body 3 Subprojects involving (i) Activities that impact the safety of Dams/ Barrages, (ii) purchase, storage, and use of Banned Pesticides/ Insecticides/ chemicals/ Asbestos, (iii) Construction of CETPs or any facilities to manage industrial/ hazardous wastes or effluents 4 Sub Projects displacing more than 200 tribal households or 100 Primitive Tribal households Since the above exclusions are not applicable to the proposed subproject, Stage 2 screening was undertaken by the E&S specialists of the PIU using a combination of the literature review, stakeholder consultations, and the site reconnaissance survey. The key steps involved in the process are briefly outlined below. Step 1: (a) Review available project details, location map, and regulatory aspects, (b) conduct reconnaissance site visits for ground-truthing and screening Step 2: Screen for the presence of any environmentally sensitive areas, project components of high risk, and probable benefits. Study of detailed topographic maps of the project sites with details of ecologically sensitive areas, culturally sensitive areas, archeologically sensitive areas, habitat areas, Reserve Forest, Wildlife Sanctuary, settlements, public amenities/ facilities etc. to undertake screening exercises. Step 3: Revisit the screening checklist and ascertain the outcomes of the screening checklist after collection of baseline data, monitoring, surveys and consultation Step 4: Determine the project category based on screening and E&S instruments to be prepared. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 53 As per indicative categorisation of subprojects in ESMF, upgradation of existing STP may be a Substantial Risk subproject, however, this categorisation is indicative, also depending on other ESS risks and sensitivities identified through screening. A matrix is presented below to summarize each type of potential E&S risks and impacts. The proposed subproject is Construction of new Vasna 375 MLD STP in place of existing 126 MLD STP, which involves construction of new STP, demolition of existing 126 MLD STP, abandonment of existing 35 MLD STP, laying of new Trunk Main, repairs to three Sewage Pump Stations (SPSs). As per the Feasibility Report prepared, new construction activities will take place in the existing STP site. Activities involve Installation of New pumps at Vasna Barrage 35 MLD SPSs and Vasna 76 MLD Terminal Pump Station, New Transformer, new pumping main of 2000 mm dia to be laid from this TSPS to the upcoming 375 MLD STP Vasna, replacing Belt filter press, installation of PLC based control panel & SCADA interface, new construction of SBR units, new internal pipelines, sludge pipeline, UV channel, biogas facility, construction of new outfall structure etc. It is mentioned in the FR that the proposed outfalls are into the Sabarmati River; and the FR also proposes abandonment of existing Vasna 35 MLD STP. Further, the area occupied by existing Sludge Drying Beds (SDBs) will infringe with the units for new STPs, which may impact the sludge handling process. The land available might not be sufficient for new construction, while at the same time operating the treatment process for existing 126 MLD of sewage which would continue to come to the STP. Though, at present these SDBs are hardly under operation as the UASB reactors are almost non- functional, yet the impact during the construction stage can be minimized by adopting a modular approach for construction. Considering the OHS aspects, land constraints, multiple upstream infrastructure which would not be confined to the existing land parcel, and anticipated pollution impacts with managing treatment of 126 MLD sewage and sludge while constructing the plant; the risk is rated Substantial. ESMF also presents the E&S due diligence procedures to be followed for each type of risk categorisation (Table 8). Table 8: Phase wise Procedures for ‘Substantial’ Risk category of Projects Sub-Project Phase Procedures Responsibility Moderate Risk Projects Sub-project IESE of the sub-project (Using Exclusion Criteria & PIU Identification/ Pre- Screening Format (filled format in Annexure 1)) Feasibility Risk Categorisation Consultations with key stakeholders (as per SEP) PIU Preparation of ToR for ESIA to be prepared along Prepared by PIU, reviewed, and with DPR cleared by the WB Feasibility Study/ Conduct IEE/ ESA or E&S Audit (in case of the PIU, Consultants Design existing facility) and prepare ESMP also using ECOPs by Feasibility/ Design Consultant. Update ESMP based on a design by DBOT Consultant Public consultations (as per SEP) PIU, independent consultant Use ECOPs or Biodiversity Management PIU, independent consultant Framework/ Cultural Heritage Management Detailed Design & Framework if applicable; to prepare ESMP Tendering Ensure Mitigation measures (from ESMP) included PIU – PIU technical specialist to send in Design documents to E&S Specialists to ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 54 Sub-Project Phase Procedures Responsibility Moderate Risk Projects ensure required procedures are met, before finalizing the designs Detailed Design & Ensure ESMP, Monitoring Plan, and LMP aspects PIU - PIU procurement specialist to Tendering are included in Bidding Documents send pre-& post review documents to E&S Specialists to ensure required procedures are met, before initiating the bidding process Construction Works Implement and monitor ESMP PIU Update IEE (and ESMP) as required PIU, Contractor/ Consultant During ESMP & ESHS Audit by external consultants PIU, External Auditors Construction Works (Annual Audit) Construction Supervision & OHS/ Safety Audit by Just before CSQAC (Continuous) Closure/ Work exit ESMP Audit (self-audit by PIU) PIU, Consultant, Contractor – Post Construction As per the ESMF, since this is a Substantial risk subproject, it is important to prepare ESIA at the Feasibility stage before the subproject is bid out on DBOT format. This ESMP and its requirements will be made part of procurement documents, which contractor has to follow during design, construction and operation & maintenance stages. As the detailed designs will be prepared only during design sage, by the DBOT contractor; the ESIA, ESMP will be updated (or freshly prepared in case of much deviation from the proposal in Feasibility Report) and additional mitigation measures for construction, O&M stages will be derived from this updated/ new C-ESIA. This report presents the ESIA for the subproject at the feasibility stage, and will be updated based on the detailed design, after the design is prepared by the DBOT contractor. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 55 CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 3.1 Methodology for Environmental Baseline Data Collection 3.1.1 Area of Influence The subproject deals with construction of new STP in place of existing 126 MLD STP at Vasna, also merging the flows from existing 35 MLD STP at Vasna, and it is expected that key risks and impacts will be on OHS during construction phase, which are largely manageable and reversible by adoption the best practices and vigilance. The subproject aims at adopting the Best Available/ stringent standards for treated sewage, and hence overall the impacts will be beneficial in the entire region. The term ‘area of influence’ is understood as “such area where significant environmental and social impacts caused by project performance are evident on physical, biotic and socioeconomic components, in each component of such environment�. In this case, all works will be confined within existing STP site; and treated sewage discharge will be the only aspect which might impact regionally. (i) discharge of treated sewage and bypasses occur through Sabarmati and Fatehwadi Canal, and hence villages downstream till Vautha (where tidal influence and joining of Vatrak River happens) in case of Sabarmati, and villages in command area of Fatehwadi Irrigation Project are taken as the larger region of influence for cumulative impacts from the perspective of water quality and availability; (ii) air and odor impacts are expected to occur in the immediate vicinity of STP, and hence an impact area of 5km around the site is considered as the area of influence also considering cumulative impacts due to nearby Gyaspur Metro Station, which is a major influential land use in this case. Noise impacts also are expected to be confined to the site, as it is located between two other STPs, and has a larger noise generating activity (metro depot) next door. Accordingly, a Monitoring Plan for environmental and social parameters was prepared and agreed with the Client to finalize the parameters, number of samples required for the sub- project, and sampling locations best suited for sampling. The environmental and social audits were conducted for the STP in August 2021, consultant’s team visited the STP sites, for a physical audit of the STP and interacted with the third party STP, O&M personnel, and collected the available data on treatment units and STP water quality monitoring, Primary monitoring of environmental parameters like Air, Water, Noise, Soil & Biodiversity were conducted in the post-monsoon season. For assessing socio-economic impacts, transect walks and consultations were conducted. Secondary data and wards maps were collected to understand the population and demographic details of the ward in which the STP is located. Information, data on issues and concerns due to the STP functioning, Sabarmati River, Fatehwadi Canal, impact on downstream users and farmers issues was also collected. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 56 Figure 2 Region of direct & indirect influence Monitoring locations are for environmental parameters are shown in the following Figure 4 Figure 3 Monitoring Locations for Environmental Parameters ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 57 The sampling methodology and procedure for undertaking environmental baseline monitoring is as follows: 3.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring10 The ambient concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and HC in the ambient air was monitored for the area of influence and baseline data was generated. Analysis of the baseline data was carried out and based on the interpretation mitigation measures are provided. 3.1.3 Noise Levels Ambient noise levels near habitations, was monitored for the period at various locations from area of influence. Sensitive environmental receptors i.e., hospitals, schools, public open spaces were identified for the noise monitoring. Monitoring was carried out for 24 hours to understand the noise levels throughout the day and night as per CPCB guidelines. 3.1.4 Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring To identify the critical aspects linked to the water pollution, baseline monitoring for water quality was conducted in upstream and downstream of the river taking discharge location as a reference point. Also, audit was conducted for STP which included the monitoring the characteristics of the sewage. Methods prescribed in “Standard Methods for Examination of water and Wastewater� prepared and published jointly by American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Pollution Control Federation (WPCF). 3.1.5 Monitoring of Groundwater The groundwater samples (Nos. 06) were collected from locations of upstream and downstream and analysed for understanding baseline of groundwater characteristics. 3.1.6 Land Environment Soil samples were collected from the riverbank at upstream and downstream to understand the Physical, Chemical and Biological soil characteristics and sludge contamination. 3.1.7 Sludge Sludge samples were collected from the STP site as well as from river bottom at upstream and downstream to understand the Physical, Chemical and Biological characteristics and sludge contamination. 3.1.8 Biological Environment Ecologically important and sensitive locations were identified and surveyed for biodiversity. Total 17 locations were surveyed in and around the project area. Modified line Transect method was used for data collection of flora and fauna. For flora, three quadrats of dimension 10m X 10m each were laid along the line, of the length of a kilometre. In each quadrat trees, shrubs and herbs were counted. A line transect method was used for fauna with line dimension of 100m Avifauna, mammals, Butterflies, and herpetofauna were counted. Data was recorded digitally on the tabs. GPS co-ordinates of each transect were recorded to prepare the maps. Places where laying line transacts was not possible, inventory of flora and fauna was prepared. Data was compiled and analysed to obtain frequency, density, and richness of the flora and fauna. All the observations related to ecology were noted down. Interviews of locals were conducted for information regarding past and present status of land use, resource utilisation and status of flora & fauna, wildlife. 10 2003_CPCB_Guidelines_for_Air_Monitoring.pdf (indiaairquality.info) ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 58 3.1.9 Socio-Economic Environment Secondary data such as the Census 2011, socio-economic profile of the district, district profile, data available on the AMC website related to city, population, city profile and services provided by AMC was collated. Data was also collected from Health Officer of AMC, crime statistics for city, and other data required for the project, etc. Transect walks and consultations were conducted to understand the critical issues related to the project. Socially sensitive stakeholders i.e., squatter settlement, STP staff, Contractors of AMC, officials of AMC from concerned department, etc. were consulted during the social impact assessment. Since the upgradation is within the existing premises, no involuntary impacts are envisaged. 3.1.10 Data Analysis The monitored data is collated, analysed and compared with the baseline levels as established in the EIA study and the regulatory standards specified by different Government agencies. The standards against which the different environment components are compared and are as per the following Table 9. Table 9: Applicable Standards for Various Environmental Parameters Sl. No. Aspects Applicable Standards 1 Ambient Air Quality National Ambient Air Quality standards, CPCB 2 Noise Quality Ambient Air Quality Standards with Respect to Noise, CPCB 3 Surface water Quality IS:2296: Class ‘B’, ‘C’ Water, CPCB 4 Ground water Quality IS: 10500 Standards, BIS 5 Soil Quality IS 1498 standards BIS 6 Sludge Quality Schedule II of Hazardous Waste Management & Handling Rules 2016, Use as a fertiliser & manure as per CPHEEO Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment System, 2013 7 Treated Sewage Water Quality NGT Standards – Order dated Date of hearing: 30.04.2019 – Discharge into surface water NGT Standards – Order dated Date of hearing: 30.04.2019 – Discharge on land IS 3307(1974)- Discharge for agricultural use 3.2 Project Location The 126 MLD STP is located at Vasna and was commissioned in 2006 by EPC Contractor. The plant is spread over an area of about 53.8 acres in Ward No 52 Sarkhej, Ahmedabad city of Gujarat, in between Vasna 35 MLD and Vasna 240 MLD STPs of AMC. The location map of the STP is presented in Figure 5 below. Figure 4: Subproject Location ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 59 Neighbouring Landuses of the existing Vasna 126 MLD STP is presented in Table 10, while Figure 6 presents the site layout. Table 10: Neighboring Land uses of Vasna 126 MLD STP Directions Particulars North Canal and Road at around 50 m and 70 m respectively East 240 MLD STP at around 20 m South Sabarmati River at around 240 m West Residential area adjacent to STP Figure 5: Site Layout and Neighboring Land uses As mentioned in the Table 10 above, to the north of the existing 126 MLD STP the features include access road to STPs, Fatehwadi canal road parallel to project boundary, Canal (within 5 to 15 metres). On the opposite side of the Fatehwadi canal road there is Gyaspur metro depot and Vasna 48 MLD STP. Vasna 35 MLD STP is located within 200 metres to the east of Vasna 126 MLS STP, while Sabarmati River is located to the south within 5 metres from the boundary and Vasna 126 MLD STP is located to the east (100 m from the boundary). 3.3 Environmental Audit of the existing STP The treatment technology adopted in the 126 MLD STP is the UASB Reactor. The major units in the Sewage treatment plant are Inlet Chamber, Screen Chamber, Grit Chamber, UASB reactors, Pre-aeration tank, Flash mixer, Clariflocculator, Sludge drying bed and Gas Holder. The raw sewage is received in inlet chamber from AUDA’s pumping station. The raw sewage is passed through 8 nos. of screens for removal of floating material, from screen it will be fed to grit chambers of 4 nos. for removal of grits. The sewage from grit chambers is fed to 10 nos. of UASB reactors for biological treatment, the biologically treated sewage from UASB is fed to 2 nos. of pre-aeration tanks. The pre-aerated sewage is added with alum in flash mixer before being fed to clariflocculator for settling. There is provision for gas collection from the UASB reactor and storing in Gas holder tank. The sludge from the clariflocculator is sent to sludge drying bed for drying. There is no disinfection in the 126 MLD STP. The treated sewage after clariflocculator is released for final discharge in the Sabarmati River as per permit. It was being ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 60 discharged into Fatehwadi canal, however due to issues with treated sewage quality raised by the farmers, this discharge into the Canal has been temporarily suspended. Figure 6: Existing STP Layout and Design Components Source: AMC. 2019. Upgradation of 126 MLD STP Located at Vasna to 189 MLD capacity with Biological Nutrients Removal (BNR). Prepared by CC Patel and Associates. AMC has constructed a new sewage pumping station and sewage treatment plant at Vasna for the recently merged areas in the western zones of AMC. There are 68 Sewage Pumping Stations and of which 10 are Terminal Sewage Pumping Stations pumping sewage to STPs in Ahmedabad. There are 52 SPS in Eastern Area and 16 are in the Western area. Pumping arrangement include the Vasna barrage 35 MLD Sewage Pump Station, Vasna (AUDA) 126 MLD Pump station and Vasna 76 MLD Terminal Pump Station. Since the STP is almost 16 years old, many units and equipment of the STP are not functioning as per the design or dysfunction due to wear and tear. Following are some of the observations of the STP after the site assessment/ audit in the month of August 2021. • Inlet chamber bypass gate not working at the time of visit. • mechanical screens are not in operation at the time of visit. • Grit chamber scraper and deflectors are not working. • UASB reactors are not functioning, hence there is no gas generation and due to which gas holder is idle and rusted and not functioning. • One surface aerator was not working in pre-aeration tank • One flash mixer was not working during the assessment • Both the clariflocculator were not functioning • There is no chlorination/ disinfection done for the treated sewage before final discharge. • Treated sewage visibly looks clear but has odor. • The DG set is defunct, there is no storage of diesel. • There is no storage of chemicals except alum. The detailed observations along with the photographs of the STP and units are given in Audit report and same is annexed with this report. Detailed Audit of existing facility is presented in Annexure VII ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 61 3.4 Environmental and Social Baseline 3.4.1 Key Aspects 3.4.1.1 Topography The whole Ahmedabad city area is monotonously flat except few undulating topography owing to the presence of stabilized dunal land forms. The land surface elevation is from 40 m to 60 m AMSL with a master slope towards the southern direction. The average elevation of the city is about 48m AMSL. Isolated high grounds, with elevations more than 60m AMSL, are observed on both sides of river Sabarmati. The major water body within Ahmedabad city is the Sabarmati River. The oldest irrigation scheme i.e., Kharicut Canal Scheme passes through the eastern part of Ahmedabad city which also serves as one of the Storm water carriers for the city during monsoon. There are many lakes within the AMC boundary namely, Kankaria, Chandola, Vastrapur, etc. which are recharged from the storm water. The slight slope from both east and west towards the south of the city and to the Sabarmati River makes Vasna and Pirana at the south at the river edge, the best suited to receive the sewage for centralized treatment. Hence, Vasana was the preferred location for the first placement of STPs on the west side of the city, while those in the east were located at Pirana. Figure 7: Topographic Map, Ahmedabad11 11 https://en-in.topographic-map.com/ ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 62 Figure 8: Site Elevation The above image shows that the highest elevation of the Vasna 126 MLD site as 42 m. while the lowest is around 38 m, almost at par with the HFL at Vasna barrage, which is 41.77 m 12. This indicates the need for measures to protect the infrastructure from possible flooding during peak monsoon flows and the need to prepare a disaster management plan for the facility as once the design and operational details are finalised. Figure 9: Cross Section of Vasna 126 MLD site and the river 3.4.1.2 Climate Ahmedabad city has a hot & dry climate in summer and humid in other seasons. As per the Indian Meteorological Department, summer days are very hot with mean maximum temperature of 48°C in the hottest month (May 2016) while, nights are pleasant with mean minimum temperature of 27°C. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures in coldest month (January) of winter are 28.1°C and 12.4°C respectively. The average annual maximum 12 http://iwai.nic.in/sites/default/files/1814791015NW-87%20Sabarmati%20Final%20FSR.pdf ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 63 temperature is 34.4°C and the average annual minimum temperature is 21.0°C. Ever recorded maximum temperature was 47.8°C on 19th May 201613 and ever recorded minimum temperature was 2.2°C on 06th February 1920. Dust storm occurs occasionally in summer and early part of southwest monsoon season. Fog occurs occasionally during winter season. The city has faced major heat wave in 2010 which caused many casualties. A Heat Action Plan (HAP) has been prepared by AMC and the key pillars of this action plan are as follows, - Building public awareness and community outreach - Initiating an early warning system and inter agency coordination - Capacity building among health care professionals - Reducing heat exposure and promoting adaptive measures such as Ahmedabad Cool Roofs Program. The HAP provides clear demarcation of responsibilities of various department and agencies during the heatwave’s days. It also includes activities and protocol to be followed for different heat alert levels. The average annual rainfall of the area is 782 mm, although there is a considerable variation from year to year. It occurs generally during the months of June to September though the average annual rainy days are 34. Rainfall during the southwest monsoon season is about 95% of annual rainfall. Thunderstorm during April to October is sometimes accompanied with squall. Ever recorded heaviest rainfall in 24 hours is 41.5 cm on 27th July 1927. Table 11 gives the rainfall statistics for Ahmedabad district for the four monsoon months, southwest monsoon season and annual based on the daily rainfall data from 1989 to 2018 (29 years). Table 11: Rainfall statistics for Ahmedabad district 14, 15 Period Mean Rainfall (mm) Coefficient of Variation (CV) June 94.7 120.2 July 278.5 46.6 August 208.6 68.4 September 110.1 87.3 Monsoon 691.8 35.0 Annual 710.1 34.8 3.4.2 Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Soil 3.4.2.1 Hydrology The River Sabarmati is one of the major west flowing rivers of India and Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar are the major cities that are located on its banks. Sabarmati basin extends over the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat having an area of 21,674 Sq. km with maximum length and width of 300 km and 150 km respectively. While 48 km of the river length is in Rajasthan, 323 km is in Gujarat. 13 NRDC: Ahmedabad Heat Action Plan 2017 (PDF) (niua.org) 14 https://imdpune.gov.in/caui/smartcities.html 15 Observed Rainfall Variability and Changes Over Gujarat State, India Meteorological Department ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 64 The Sabarmati basin extends over parts of Udaipur, Sirohi, Pali and Dungarpur districts of Rajasthan, Sabarkantha, Kheda, Ahmadabad, Mahesana, Gandhinagar and Banaskantha districts of Gujarat. The terrain of Sabarmati basin is hilly in the early reaches up to Dharoi dam after which the river flows mostly in alluvial plains with gentle slope. There are a total of 50 dams in the Sabarmati basin among which 17 dams fall in Sabarmati lower sub basin and 33 dams,10 weirs, 2 barrages fall in the Sabarmati upper sub basin. At Ahmedabad city of upper Sabarmati basin, the river encompasses a total catchment area of 10,370 sq. km., out of the total basin area of 27,820 sq. km. Sabarmati enters Ahmedabad city near Karai village and exits the city near Gyaspur after passing through the Ahmedabad city. A barrage has been constructed in 1976, 5 km downstream of Nehru Bridge Ahmedabad (at Vasna) for irrigation purposes and water is supplied to barrage through the Narmada canal since 2002. The length of the barrage and anicut is 610.67 m. After the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Project the water quantity in Sabarmati has reduced. Though the river gets dried up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water flowing. Figure 10: Hydrological Features The Narmada Canal, which crosses Sabarmati a few kilometres upstream from the city, is part of a larger canal network of Sardar Sarovar Dam. The canal feeds/siphons water to the Sabarmati River in the city area and maintains the level of water, required by the Sabarmati Riverfront Project with the help of Vasna barrage. Effluents are released by the industries which is a source of pollution. Details of Vasna barrage are presented in section 3.7. Another river passing beyond the east and south boundaries of the city is River Khari. The Khari River originates near village Kesharpura of Himatnagar taluka of Sabarkantha district. In the Ahmedabad district, it enters Dahegam taluka and flows near the villages of Chekhala, Babra, Halisa, Vadvasa, and Nandol. Thereafter it enters the Dascroi taluka and passes by Pardhol, Vahelal, Huka, Navrangpura villages. The total length of this river is 160 km, of which 53 km is through Ahmedabad district. The Khari River runs almost parallel to the Sabarmati towards the east, beyond the city limits. It joins Vehari near Kheda, downstream of the city. Water table near the river is high, as in the case of the present site, which need to be considered while planning STP tanks and other infrastructure and flood effects will be pronounced, as the site is along the edge of the river. River is practically dry during most part of the year as it holds water received from Narmada Canal at the riverfront. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 65 3.4.2.2 Water Impounding Structures: Vasna Barrage There are many barrages on Sabarmati upstream of Ahmedabad. The nearest one is Vasna Barrage is constructed to divert the water from Sabarmati to the Fatehwadi canal. It holds water from Vasna Barrage (Ch 135.7 km) to Sardar Patel Ring Road Bridge (Ch 156 km). Depths of 0.5 – 1.0 m (above C.D.) are available for all round the year-360 days. Depths of 1.0 – 1.5 m are available for around 75-90 days during monsoon (75 days) The C.D. at Subhash Bridge is nearly 2.5 m above Riverbed level at Subhash Bridge gauging site. A part of this stretch near Sadar bazaar up to Wasna Barrage had already developed as Sabarmati waterfront by Govt of Gujarat. At upstream of Indira Bridge, released water from Narmada canal ensures all-round the year availability of water in this stretch and downstream. This stretch is feasible for navigation class II waterway. Afterwards depths of about 5 m are available for 10 km upstream of Vasna barrage near Sabarmati waterfront developed by Govt of Gujarat. In case of dams, weir and barrages, maximum observed water level of last twenty years or Maximum Water level as mentioned in CWC data has been adopted as (Highest Flood Level) H.F.L. Chainage Structure H.F.L (m) 135.7 km Vasna Barrage 41.770 3.4.2.3 Water availability Gauge station is at Subhash Bridge is located at 135.7 km upstream of river mouth. Daily gauge- data for period 1979 to 2010 was collected from WRIS and analysed. Only water level gauge data for period June to October is available. The Ahmadabad city experienced heavy flood in August 2006 when high flood level of 47.45 m MSL was reported at this gauge for highest observed flood discharge. In Monsoon period depths in the range of 0.5 m to 2m above CD will be available for periods as below. 0.50 m to 1 m and above: 114 days 1.0 m to 1.5 m and above: 75 days 1.5 m to 2.0 m and above: 36 days Figure 11: Water levels at Vasna Barrage ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 66 The Vasna barrage is connected to other dams and canal network for water releases during monsoon. The release from Dharoi and Vasna is decided based on the flood conditions at each location and responsibility is designated in various documents including Irrigation Dept, various central and state depts concerned with the Irrigation department - Head/ Canal Command and CWC. DSO, GERI has conducted studies related to dam safety of projects in Gujarat and made critical observations and recommendations for the same which are mentioned in the report. Water releases has also been addressed for dams/barrages etc by Government of Gujarat in its Disaster Management Plan 2021: Flood Warning Arrangements available in the public domain. 1.1.1 Land Use & Land Cover Land use patterns under the AMC area from 1976 to 2017, indicates that the built-up area has increased by 156.93 km2 whereas, agricultural land, open spaces, urban vegetation, and water bodies have decreased during the last 4-decades from 1976 to 2017. The city is currently being developed as a smart city under ‘Government of India’s flagship Smart Cities Mission’ Development of industries and industrial estates has led to the growth of residential areas around the industrial units in Ahmedabad. Its industrial history dates back to two decades of textile, chemical industries; and at present many well-established business groups like Adani Group, Reliance Industries, Arvind Mills, Bosch Rexroth (Germany) have operations in Ahmedabad city and its nearby areas. High density residential and mixed-use developments have taken place in Vasna area, due to sprawl and growth of this very important city. The neighbourhood also has a very important transport infrastructure – the Gyaspur Metro depot, the terminal point and depot for Ahmedabad metro. The Vasna 126 MLD STP is located on the western side of Sabarmati River. As per the Revised Development Plan 2021 prepared by AUDA, the project area is demarcated for Sewage Treatment Plant. This area is in low-lying part of the city earlier allotted for sewage farm. So as per Master Plan for the city, proposed works will be in the existing STP premises, situated in the area allotted for sewage treatment. Figure 12: Reservation as per Development Plan 2021 for Ahmedabad ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 67 1.1.2 Cultural Heritage The walled city of Ahmadabad, founded by Sultan Ahmad Shah in the 15th century, on the eastern bank of the Sabarmati River, presents a rich architectural heritage from the sultanate period, notably the Bhadra citadel, the walls and gates of the Fort city and numerous mosques and tombs as well as important Hindu and Jain temples of later periods. The urban fabric is made up of densely packed traditional houses (pols) in gated traditional streets (puras) with characteristic features such as bird feeders, public wells and religious institutions. The city continued to flourish as the capital of the State of Gujarat for six centuries, up to the present. The historic walled city of Ahmedabad has it all to be the first city in India to be inscribed in UNESCO's World Heritage City list of 2017. However, the Vasna 126 MLD STP is to the west of Ahmedabad, outside the walled city. Baseline reconnaissance and monitoring established that here are no cultural heritage areas within 500 m buffer area of this STP. The location of the subproject does not have any ancient monuments and/ or archaeological site(s), protected area of local importance. As per the Heritage Department of AMC and data available, there are no tangible or intangible Cultural heritage or protected monuments within the STP premises or adjacent to it. The nearest monument is the Fateh Baug Fort at a distance of 1.5 kms from the STP. The subproject to repair & rehabilitate existing TSPS & STP respectively within the demarcated project boundary except for the laying of pipeline from TSPS which will be on government land. FR mentions road construction on the current kuccha approach road to the STP. During road repairs and upgradation, it will be ensured that none of the Squatter residential units will be affected or dismantled. Road repairs and upgradation will be undertaken in manner to allow accessibility to the STP and river from the Fatehwadi canal road. To avoid access issues to river, 240 MLD STP and 126 MLD STP, trenchless method is proposed to be used laying of rising main to 126 MLD STP. Road construction will improve the general access and mobility issues on the kuccha access roads for the squatter settlement also. The image for the proposed access road repairs and upgradation is presented below in Figure 14. Figure 13 Present Status of Approach Road for 375/126 MLD STP and proposed road repairs and upgradation Local important religious/cultural sites like Masjid Mohuddin at 135 m from the boundary and Ibrahim Masjid at 188 m from the boundary on the western side in Juhapura (non-notified) slum. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 68 Bag E Sukun Kabrastan (Shia Isthna Ashri Kabrastan) is located 1.2 km away from the STP boundary and is accessible by highway 64 and also through service road. It is located 1.6 km from the gate of the STP compound. Marthoma Church Ahmedabad Cemetery is located 1.6 km away from boundary and from the gate it is about 1.6 kms. Therefore, impacts on the same is not anticipated due to project activities. Impacts are not expected considering the nature of activities associated with the subproject, multiple accesses are available to the cemeteries which are different from that of STP. However, once the proposed design details are available during implementation stage, it will be important to review the vibration impacts, and work out work schedule and pattern of movement of construction vehicles and inform the communities on work schedule and co- ordinate during any emergencies. Considering the proximity to the Heritage city, chance find procedure shall be framed and implemented for any such discovery for all excavation and construction activities Figure 14: Vasna 126 MLD STP and its 500m Buffer 1.1.3 Ecology and Biodiversity Ecology & Biodiversity assessment was conducted during August 2021, for the 126 MLD Vasna STP and surrounding 10 km area as it is an urbanized environment. At present untreated water is discharged into the Sabarmati River from the following location: i) Vasna Terminal TSPS – approx. 135 MLD as the TSPS is connected to only 48 MLD STP and therefore, sewage in excess of 48 MLD remains untreated and is being discharged directly to Sabarmati River. Ii) Vasna Barrage TSPS- approx. 20 MLD as the TSPS is connected to both 35 MLD and 126 MLD STPs; however due to limitation of pumps at TSPS, on an average, 45 MLD sewage is pumped to STPs (35 MLD to 35 MLD STP and 10 MLD to 126 MLD STP) and about 20 MLD untreated sewage is directly discharged to Sabarmati River. The existing outfall is a 1600mm diameter sewer discharges treated water from the clariflocculator to outside of the compound and from where it discharges to Sabarmati River. Earlier, treated sewage used to be diverted to Fatehwadi Canal, upon request from Irrigation Department to divert 126 MLD. However due to scanty rainfall, since 2002, this stretch from North of the city is receiving inflow from Narmada Main Canal. However, water is held at Vasna barrage for retaining for the ambience of the riverfront and water flow from barrage to Fatehwadi Canal and the river is minimal. Thus, the river has become a modified habitat, also reeling under pollution from nearby industries, wastes and other discharges, not just from the city but also from the region ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 69 around. There is another bypass to Fatehwadi Canal, which serves agricultural areas downstream of the city which branches beyond the city limit. The nearest key biodiversity area for this site is Thol Wildlife Sanctuary (man-made) in Mahesana district, which is around 20 km from the project site, with 10km of intervening urban high density mixed land use. As per the Notification of MoEF&CC published dated 09.02.2015, Central Government notifies Thol Wildlife Sanctuary in the State of Gujarat, as Eco sensitive Zone, up to 2.244 kilometres from the boundary of the Thol Wild Life Sanctuary16. The lake received water from rains and Narmada Canal, westward of the city. Hence this is not affected by outflows or air, noise, dust or vibration during construction and operations. Following are the survey locations considered for undertaking the Ecology & Biodiversity Assessment. Table 12: Ecology and Biodiversity Survey Locations Sr. EB Site Coordinates Land use No. 1. Thol WLS 23° 8'46.04"N Wildlife Sanctuary 72°23'51.11"E 2. EB STP 22°58'53.05"N Project Site 72°31'31.85"E 3. EB outfall 22°58'37.53"N Existing project outfall in Sabarmati River. 72°31'29.10"E Riverbank 4. EB Near STP 22°59'1.41"N Between Fatehwadi canal & STP 72°31'49.79"E 5. EB Agri 22°57'31.07"N Agriculture on banks of Sabarmati 72°29'49.23"E (Downstream) 6. EB 2 22°59'0.09"N Sabarmati River Upstream 72°32'36.48"E 7. EB River 22°59'23.14"N Sabarmati River Upstream 72°33'4.30"E 8. EB 3 22°57'9.21"N Sabarmati River Down stream 72°30'57.91"E 9. EB Downstream 22°57'6.77"N Sabarmati River Down stream 72°30'42.88"E 10. EB Canal 22°57'16.37"N Fatehwadi Canal Downstream 72°30'3.52"E 11. EB Agri 22°58'39.62"N Agriculture near outfall of STP 72°32'20.31"E 12. EB Sarkhej 22°59'39.32"N Sarkhej pond 72°30'14.15"E 13. EB LJ 22°59'35.55"N Educational institution 72°29'31.93"E 14. EB lake 23° 0'24.50"N Malav Lake 72°32'22.01"E 15. EB Nehru Nagar 23° 1'20.50"N Urban 72°32'31.66"E 16. EB 1 22°58'20.05"N Pirana STP 72°32'58.42"E 17. EB 14 Downstream 22°55'58.90"N Sabarmati River Down stream 72°32'14.05"E 16 http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/EDS/07_Dec_2016_143943053GC62JOF7MoMreply.pdf ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 70 Figure 15: Location of Thol WLS with respect to Project Site Figure 16: Location of Chandola Lake with respect to Project Site The nearest nationally recognized wetland is Chandola Lake at 5-6 km radially from the site, across Sabarmati, on its eastern side (opposite side), also with intervening high density mixed land-use comprising other STPs to the east of Sabarmati. It is a large lake in Ahmedabad city and has great potential to serve as a habitat for migratory birds, but the lake edges are encroached, and recreational uses and settlements are developed which has polluted the lake. Lake shows the presence of invasive Euchornia sp. which indicates higher sewage inflow into the lake. Chandola Lake is not connected to the Sabarmati River but to the Kharicut canal, no direct discharge to any lake from STP is envisaged. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 71 Figure 17: Location of Santej and Vasai Lake with respect to Project Site Other two wetlands i.e., Santej talav (to the northwest) and Vasai talav (to the southeast) are outside the AMC boundary and 9.2 km and 14.5 km respectively, from the proposed project. Both the lakes are man-made, and not directly connected to Sabarmati. Santej is surrounded by residential area and Vasai is surrounded by agricultural fields. Flora A floral enlistment of trees, shrub and climbers, herbs, common crop plants in the area studied, with their scientific names, common names and the family to which they belong are presented in Annexure III. Neem (Azadirachta indica) and acacia (Acacia senegal) trees are common in this area. In urban areas Copperpod (Peltophorum sp.) and neem are dominant. Common cultivated crop plants in the study area include Wheat, Chillies, Sugarcane, Cotton, grass (Fodder), other food and non-food crops are also grown at some places. No sightings of exotic or endangered flora have been observed in the site or its 500m buffer. At the STP site, Lantana camara is observed which is an invasive species. No RET (Rare, Endangered & Threatened) as per IUCN Red list species are observed in the study area. Fauna Fauna was assessed for the study area. Having a river crossing the city Ahmedabad generally have a high number of aquatic birds which also include migratory species. Indian Peafowl and Monitor lizard are the Schedules I species as per WPA. The list of Fauna is attached as Annexure III. No sightings of exotic or endangered flora have been observed in the site or its 500m buffer. No RET species were recorded in the study area. The important bird areas (IBAs), bird migratory route through India were reviewed for the proposed project area, also considering the proposed solar and energy capture installations . Figure 19 depicts important bird areas and the migratory route through Asia and the migratory routes for migratory birds through India. The analysis of these routes to the proposed project site reflects this does not fall in any important bird area or the bird migratory route within a 50 Km radius of the project site. Nal Sarovar and Khijadia (in Jam Nagar) are important areas in the central Asian flyway but are away from the city. 17 17 http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/sowb/flyways/7_Central_Asia_Factsheet.pdf ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 72 Figure 18: International Flyways and Bird Migratory Routes through India Proposed augmentation will be implemented within the existing boundary of 126 MLD STP hence there will be no land clearing required which may harm existing flora and fauna. Activities of construction, operations, and maintenance will generate air pollutants, and noise is expected to cause temporary reversible impacts and risks on the fauna residing in the dense urban setting near the project. As the project area is a degraded and modified habitat the impacts on flora and fauna will be very minimum. Activities like plantation and greenbelt development will enhance the biodiversity of the area. Also, the aquatic biodiversity of Sabarmati will improve as the quality of treated sewage discharged from the STP would improve. Aquatic Biodiversity The aquatic biodiversity study was conducted in the Sabarmati River in the stretch of Valad village (upstream of Sabarmati River – beyond inlet from Narmada Canal) to Vanzar village (downstream after Vasna Barrage – Sabarmati River) of approximately 20 Km. The stretch of the study area is given in the Figure 21 below. Figure 19: Study Region: Sabarmati River stretch The biodiversity study was based on secondary data and field observations. Following are the findings of this study: 1) It was observed that the entire stretch of Sabarmati is infested with the Pistia sp. and Euchornia crassipes which has altered the natural habitat. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 73 2) Sabarmati River stretch is a modified habitat as the water is being sourced from Narmada canal and stored at the river front stretch using the shutters of the Vasna Barrage. The riparian zone of the Sabarmati is converted into the riverfront in the Ahmedabad city. 3) Downstream of the river has a riparian zone with tree growth majorly Prosopis sp. The entire stretch including downstream of river after Vasna Barrage has presence of plants like Pistia sp., Euchornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Ipomea sp., Typha sp., Wolffia sp. (water meal or duckweed) etc. These are clear bioindicators of water pollution or eutrophication. These varieties are also used effectively in phytoremediation, particularly for the rhizofiltration of effluents contaminated by heavy metals. 4) Pisces fauna of the river includes majorly Tilapia sp., Gambusia sp., Clarius batrachus, Garra gotyala, Catla, Channa sp. etc. Tilapia is an invasive species which was found in Sabarmati River, Vasna Barrage area and downstream area of Sabarmati River. These are mainly contributed by the inflow from Narmada Canal. 5) Aquatic birds including migratory birds are observed along the Sabarmati and Khari River in areas apart from riverfront area due to no riparian zone. 6) Aquatic flora in the river and downstream provides habitat for aquatic birds like Purple moorhen, Bronze winged jacana, white breasted waterhen, Red Wattled lapwing egrets, herons etc. It can be concluded that overall aquatic ecology is influenced by invasive species. The poor water quality supports the species like Pistia, Euchornia, Tilapia etc, dominant in nature, which does not allow native species to grow and survive. The proposed project will help in improving the water quality and in turn the diversity in aquatic ecosystem. 1.1.4 Air Quality Air quality monitoring is also being conducted by GPCB at various locations. Which indicates that PM10 & PM2.5 exceeds the set standards considerably. GPCB monitoring indicates that the vehicular emission is the major emitting factor in the study area. Table 13: Air Quality in Ahmedabad City18 Sr. City Location Parameter(µg/m3) PM10 Pm2.5 SO2 NOx National Ambient Air Quality- Standards 60 40 50 40 1 Ahmedabad East Naroda GIDC 156 50 14.6 27.3 2 Ahmedabad City Cadila, Narol 166 53 14.7 30.1 3 L.D.Engg. College 142 46 13.4 27.1 4 Shardaben Hospital 154 50 13.9 28.3 5 R.C. Tech. High School 143 46 13.2 28.5 6 Behrampura Referal Hospital 160 51 14.1 29.6 7 Dynowash, Pirana 188 56 15.8 32 8 SolaL.T. Chankyapuri 159 51 14 29.2 9 Rakhiyal Pumping Station 159 51 13.9 29.3 10 Ahmedabad Rural Zydas infratech-Changodar 134 43 14.9 27.2 It is seen from the table that, the readings of PM10 and PM2.5 are exceeding in all the places of monitoring, attributed to the vehicular traffic related emissions and dust generation. Since 18 GPCB data 2020 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 74 the existing air quality especially PM10 and PM2.5 are already higher in the neighbourhood, it is important to minimise such impacts from the proposed project activities. Air quality monitoring and assessment was carried out for the subproject site. The ambient concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and HC in the ambient air was monitored at the locations finalised based on the environmental sensitivity in the area of influence. The samples were collected from 15th September to 15th October 2021. Following are the locations of the baseline monitoring, Table 14: Air Quality Baseline Monitoring Locations Sr. Location Location Name Coordinates No. Code Location Remark Lat. (N) Log.(E) 1 A 15 Vasna STP location – 200m. Away from 22o58'51.4158" 72o31'31.5978" Project Site STP Aerobic system 2 A 16 Pirana STP 150m. Away from 22o58'23.8974" 72o32'56.202" STP Aerobic system 3 A1 Residential area near 180 Village Location 22o58'1.041" 72o32'14.3412" MLD Pirana STP site – Against the Wind direction - Gyaspur Village 4 A2 within 05 km of 180 MLD 100m. Away from 22o59'24.504" 72o33'8.5572" Pirana STP site – Road Windward Side – Near L J Institute of Engineering 5 A4 within 05 km of STP site – 700m. Away from 22o59'27.3618" 72o34'32.916" Against the Wind direction Pirana Dumping - Chhipakuva Site 6 A6 within 05 km of Vasna STP 250m. away from 23o0'30.5562" 72o33'8.5572" site – Against the Wind main road direction – V R Shah School ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 75 Table 15: Results of Baseline Air Quality Monitoring Location Parameter Analysis Result Code PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO TVOC HC Methane NH3 H2S Location Identify Odor µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 mg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 A 15 60 24 6.57 14.5 0.56 21.5 15.4 4.7 BDL 8.7 200 m. Away Pungent 73 31 9.15 18.7 1.15 17.8 13.1 from STP Aerobic Odor system Downwind A 16 93 44 21.5 25.5 1.55 35.6 14.5 5.2 5.5 9.2 150 m. Away Pungent 60 35 11.69 20.4 2.53 29.8 12.6 from STP Aerobic Odor system Downwind A1 40 14 < 4.0 7.4 0.25 2.4 1.2 -- -- -- Village Location No Odor 62 18 8.04 9.5 BDL 1.5 BDL -- -- -- Upwind A2 49 25 9.5 13.8 1.18 5.2 1.9 -- -- -- 100 m. Away No Odor 54 31 5.5 16.5 2 7.6 2.5 -- -- -- from Road Upwind A4 90 36 20.5 17.6 2.33 11.2 4.8 -- -- -- 700 m. Away Light 74 25 15.2 2.8 1.15 16.3 5.7 -- -- -- from Pirana Pungent Dumping Site Odor Upwind A6 55 19 5.84 13.5 1.12 1.2 BDL -- -- -- 250 m away from No Odor 42 13 10.7 14.8 0.65 2.8 1 -- -- -- main road Upwind CPCB 60 40 50 40 - - - - - - - - prescribed limits ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 76 The baseline monitoring conducted shows that the air quality at the STP site and other locations is within the limits prescribed by CPCB. Though PM10 is higher i.e., 90 µg/m3 & 93 µg/m3 near the Pirana dumping ground and Pirana STP respectively mostly attributed to movement of heavy vehicles. Pungent odor is recorded at the STP locations indicating the presence of NH3, Methane and H2S emissions from the treatment process and related aspects, calling for process upgradation ensuring more oxygen supply, thermal protection, better circulation of waste water, covers and maintenance requirements, sludge management etc. Impacts of odor on plant workers and neighbours is important considering the communities around. The Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) levels at project site are well below the prescribed standards by GPCB. Proposed activities may result in increment in Particulate matter during construction activities and maintenance works. 1.1.5 Water Availability and Quality 3.4.2.4 Surface Water & Sewage Surface water quality was assessed for the upstream, downstream and outfall from the STP into the river. Sampling was conducted during September 2021. Sewage quality was assessed at the inlet point. Sampling locations are presented in the Figure 4. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 77 Table 16: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results Sr.No. Parameter Unit of Sampling Point Location Measurement W19 W20 W4 W3 W2 Inlet of 126 Outlet of 126 Chandola Lake Sabarmati River, Sabarmati River, Surface MLD MLD upstream of outfall downstream of outfall water from Vasna 126 MLD from Vasna 126 MLD standards 1 pH @ 25 ° C -- 7.56 7.56 7.6 7.33 7.63 6 to 9 2 Colour Pt. Co. Scale 95 80 75 155 200 - 3 Odor -- Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Objectionable Objectionable - 4 Turbidity NTU 5 1 1 10 5 - 5 Temperature °C 31 30 30 32 32 - 6 Total Dissolved mg/L 968 848 394 584 1296 1500 Solids 7 Total mg/L 78 BDL(MDL:4.0) 18 316 100 100 Suspended Solids 8 Total Hardness mg/L 239.2 218.4 197.6 160 254 as CaCO3 9 Chloride as Cl- mg/L 191.9 159.1 56.2 88.9 294.8 600 10 Fluoride as F mg/L 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 2 11 Calcium as Ca mg/L 50 50 41.7 49 79.1 - 12 Magnesium as mg/L 27.8 22.7 22.8 9.2 13.8 - Mg 13 Sulphate as SO4-2 mg/L 57.3 65.4 33.1 41.7 125.5 - 14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 1 0.4 0.8 1.6 0.8 10 15 Total Alkalinity mg/L 407 351.2 183.9 262 434.9 - ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 78 Sr.No. Parameter Unit of Sampling Point Location Measurement W19 W20 W4 W3 W2 Inlet of 126 Outlet of 126 Chandola Lake Sabarmati River, Sabarmati River, Surface MLD MLD upstream of outfall downstream of outfall water from Vasna 126 MLD from Vasna 126 MLD standards 16 Oil & Grease mg/L BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) - 17 Dissolved mg/L BDL(MDL:0.2) BDL(MDL:0.2) 1.6 3.5 BDL(MDL:0.2) Min 4 Oxygen 18 Ammoniacal mg/L 20.5 BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) 15 50 Nitrogen 19 Chemical mg/L 171.2 44.8 36.7 265.6 136.8 250 Oxygen Demand (COD) 20 Biochemical mg/L 48 13 10 80 40 30 Oxygen Demand (BOD) 21 Phenolic mg/L BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) - Compound 22 Total Residual mg/L BDL(MDL:0.1) 2.4 25.2 BDL(MDL:0.1) BDL(MDL:0.1) 1 Chlorine 23 Total Nitrogen mg/L 48 7.2 5.7 8.7 37.2 - 24 Total Kjeldahal mg/L 27.5 5.3 4.4 7.5 22.2 100 Nitrogen (TKN) 25 Free Ammonia mg/L 1.46 BDL(MDL:0.2) BDL(MDL:0.2) BDL(MDL:0.2) 1.4 5 26 Sodium as Na mg/L 216.4 181.1 47.3 115.2 317.4 - 27 Potassium as K mg/L 12.3 10.9 2.3 10.2 18.5 - 28 Nickel as Ni mg/L 0.029 0.026 BDL(MDL:0.02) BDL(MDL:0.02) BDL(MDL:0.02) 3 29 Copper as Cu mg/L BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) 0.064 3 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 79 Sr.No. Parameter Unit of Sampling Point Location Measurement W19 W20 W4 W3 W2 Inlet of 126 Outlet of 126 Chandola Lake Sabarmati River, Sabarmati River, Surface MLD MLD upstream of outfall downstream of outfall water from Vasna 126 MLD from Vasna 126 MLD standards 30 Lead as Pb mg/L BDL(MDL:0.01) 0.016 0.021 0.079 0.056 0.1 31 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.902 0.507 0.262 0.934 0.608 3 32 Zinc as Zn mg/L 0.071 BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) 5 33 Cadmium as Cd mg/L 0.13 BDL(MDL:0.003) 0.028 0.006 0.017 2 34 Arsenic as mg/L BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) - 35 Manganese as mg/L 0.166 BDL(MDL:0.1) BDL(MDL:0.1) BDL(MDL:0.1) 0.146 2 Mn 36 Mercury as Hg mg/L BDL(MDL:0.001) BDL(MDL:0.001) BDL(MDL:0.001) BDL(MDL:0.001) BDL(MDL:0.001) - 37 Total Chromium mg/L BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) 2 as Cr 38 Cyanide as CN mg/L BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) - 39 Hexavalent mg/L BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) - Chromium as Cr+6 40 Cobalt as Co mg/L BDL(MDL:0.5) BDL(MDL:0.5) BDL(MDL:0.5) BDL(MDL:0.5) BDL(MDL:0.5) - 41 Total mg/L 1.83 1.96 0.085 1.27 1.8 - Phosphorous 42 Salinity ppt 0.35 0.29 0.1 0.16 0.53 - Biological Analysis 41 Total Coliform CFU/100ml 80 69 32 78 80 - 42 Faecal Coliform CFU/100ml 59 48 24 70 71 - ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 80 From the results obtained from monitoring it can be seen that the pH is alkaline which could be due to inflow of the discharge from STP in the river. BOD and COD are higher in the upstream which is due to inflow of multiple STPs, Mega line carrying combined treated effluents from CETPs and ETPs in the city, and other ETPs, and drains. Also, presence of faecal coliform indicates the polluted nature of the water. It is estimated that the improvement under G-ACRP will help enhance the water quality of the Sabarmati River. Odor was observed objectionable in all cases expect for the Lake. Iron, Zinc, Cadmium, Nickel and Manganese are detected at STP inlet, but much below the allowable limits. At outlets it is seen that there is reduction in levels of these. DO level at Sabarmati, downstream of the outfall from Vasna STPs is a concern (BDL as against min 4 mg/l required). BOD, COD, N P values are much higher than the MoEFCC standards prescribed in the Consent conditions, and thus, the NGT prescribed limits. These indicate the need for upgrading the STP to ensure better quality of treated water. 3.4.2.5 Ground Water The district forms a part of the Cambay Basin and drains into the Gulf of Cambay or Khambhat. The depth to ground water level (DTWL) during the pre-monsoon period (May 2019) ranged from 2.25 to 27.55 mbgl. The range of ground water level in the district is given as below. Table 17: Ground Water Level pre-monsoon 2019 19 No of wells DTWL mbg No of well in different Depth Ranges analysed (m) Min Max 0 to 2 2 to 5 5 to 10 10 to 20 20 to 40 >40 21 2.25 27.55 0.00% 38.00% 24.00% 29.00% 10.0% 0.00% Groundwater samples were collected during September 2021 and quality was assessed following CPCB water quality Guidelines 2017. Sampling locations are as follows: 19 DIST-WISE FRQ TEALE OF MAY2019 for website.xlsx (cgwb.gov.in) ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 81 Table 18: Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results20 Sr.No. Parameter Unit of Sampling Locations Measur ement GW20 GW4 GW11 GW2 GW3 GW7 GW10 GW21 1 pH @ 25 ° C -- 8.3 8.66 7.74 7.86 7.24 7.98 8.17 7.48 2 Colour Pt. Co. 35 10 30 30 35 25 35 40 Scale 3 Odor -- Unobjection Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectiona Unobjection able ble able 4 Turbidity NTU BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.1) BDL(MDL:0.1) 0.1 0.1 BDL(MDL:0.1) 0.1 0.1 1) 5 Temperature °C 31 31 32 32 31 31 31 32 6 Total Dissolved mg/L 1208 876 1356 404 1198 1062 1098 1392 Solids 8 Total Hardness as mg/L 260 179 338.4 197.4 413.6 150.4 103.4 508 CaCO3 9 Chloride as Cl- mg/L 290.1 145.1 355.6 37.4 205.9 191.9 117 285.4 10 Fluoride as F mg/L 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.1 6 0.6 11 Calcium as Ca mg/L 58.4 15.1 94.2 67.8 116.8 33.9 15.1 113 12 Magnesium as mg/L 27.8 34.4 25.1 6.9 29.7 16 16 54.9 Mg 13 Sulphate as SO4-2 mg/L 109.2 76.6 168.4 21.1 184.3 98.4 56.9 183.8 14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 3.4 5 4.1 2.9 15.5 7.7 0.4 0.6 15 Total Alkalinity mg/L 395.8 368 373.5 211.9 401.4 401.4 563.1 473.9 16 Oil & Grease mg/L BDL(MDL:2. BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0 BDL(MDL:2.0 0) ) ) 7 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5 7.4 3.5 2.5 3.1 4.2 3.8 1.7 20 Standards recommended by Central Ground Water Board were used for the assessment. http://www.cgwbchd.nic.in/qulstd.htm ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 82 Sr.No. Parameter Unit of Sampling Locations Measur ement GW20 GW4 GW11 GW2 GW3 GW7 GW10 GW21 18 Ammoniacal mg/L BDL(MDL:2. BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0 12.5 Nitrogen 0) ) 19 Chemical Oxygen mg/L BDL(MDL:2. BDL(MDL:2.0) 20.1 BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0) BDL(MDL:2.0 16.1 Demand (COD) 0) ) 20 Biochemical mg/L 6 Oxygen Demand (BOD) 21 Phenolic mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.0 BDL(MDL:0.0 Compound 01) 1) 1) 22 Total Residual mg/L 1 2.1 BDL(MDL:0.1) 0.7 2.8 0.7 BDL(MDL:0.1 BDL(MDL:0.1 Chlorine ) ) 23 Total Nitrogen mg/L 5.7 5.3 3.7 4.9 4.6 7.2 6.3 31.5 24 Total Kjeldahal mg/L 4.4 4.1 3.1 3.7 3.4 5.3 4.4 19 Nitrogen (TKN) 25 Free Ammonia mg/L 0.84 1.5 BDL(MDL:0.2) BDL(MDL:0.2) BDL(MDL:0.2) 0.54 0.71 0.85 26 Sodium as Na mg/L 305 219.7 320.3 38.2 215.6 298.3 316.4 255.5 27 Potassium as K mg/L 3 1.1 4 4.8 18.7 1.5 1.7 13.8 28 Nickel as Ni mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.02) 0.015 BDL(MDL:0.02) BDL(MDL:0.02) BDL(MDL:0.02) BDL(MDL:0.0 BDL(MDL:0.0 02) 2) 2) 29 Copper as Cu mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.0 0.054 05) 5) 30 Lead as Pb mg/L 0.015 0.079 0.065 0.038 0.057 0.059 0.045 0.069 31 Iron (as Fe) mg/L BDL(MDL:0. 0.237 0.181 0.744 0.346 0.436 0.249 0.642 1) 32 Zinc as Zn mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) 0.08 BDL(MDL:0.0 0.13 05) 5) 33 Cadmium as Cd mg/L 0.022 0.007 0.02 BDL(MDL:0.003) 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.014 34 Arsenic as As mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.01) BDL(MDL:0.0 BDL(MDL:0.0 01) 1) 1) ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 83 Sr.No. Parameter Unit of Sampling Locations Measur ement GW20 GW4 GW11 GW2 GW3 GW7 GW10 GW21 35 Manganese as mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.1) BDL(MDL:0.1) 0.341 0.728 BDL(MDL:0.01) 0.143 0.13 Mn 1) 36 Mercury as Hg mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.001) BDL(MDL:0.001) BDL(MDL:0.001) BDL(MDL:0.001) BDL(MDL:0.001) BDL(MDL:0.0 BDL(MDL:0.0 001) 01) 01) 37 Total Chromium mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.0 BDL(MDL:0.0 as Cr 05) 5) 5) 38 Cyanide as CN mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.0 BDL(MDL:0.0 05) 5) 5) 39 Hexavalent mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.0 BDL(MDL:0.0 Chromium as 05) 5) 5) Cr+6 40 Cobalt as Co mg/L BDL(MDL:0. BDL(MDL:0.5) BDL(MDL:0.5) BDL(MDL:0.5) BDL(MDL:0.5) BDL(MDL:0.5) BDL(MDL:0.5 BDL(MDL:0.5 5) ) ) 41 Total mg/L 0.04 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Phosphorous 42 Salinity ppt 0.52 0.38 0.64 0.07 0.37 0.35 0.21 0.52 Biological Analysis 41 Total Coliform CFU/10 12 8 5 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 0ml 42 Faecal Coliform CFU/10 8 6 4 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 0ml ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 84 Lead (Pb) is present in the samples in a very small amount. Contamination of ground water is due to the reverse boring of industrial effluents and polluted surface water21. pH in GW4 (8.66) exceeds the permissible limit (8.5) as per the standards BIS: IS: 10500, 1991 recommended by CGWB for domestic use22. It is estimated that the improvement under G-ACRP will help enhance the water quality of the Sabarmati River. 1.1.6 Soil Quality Soil quality sampling was conducted during September 2021. Following are the locations of the sampling, Table 19: Results of Soil Analysis Sampling Point Location Sr.No. Parameter Unit of S1 S3 S5 S6 S14 Measurement 1 pH -- 7.8 8.8 8.96 9.18 8.61 2 Electrical µs/cm 274.3 143.5 152.2 132.7 151.2 Conductivity 3 Magnesium mg/kg 50.3 100.9 90.6 181.7 315.5 4 Sodium mg/kg 12 18.2 182.1 116.4 208.6 5 Potassium mg/kg 61.4 14.4 13.6 3.6 18.9 6 Phosphorous mg/kg 2961.9 1194.2 593.8 397.2 1378.1 7 Sodium Absorption -- BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) 1.93 1.4 2.01 Ratio (SAR) 8 Copper as Cu mg/kg 61.2 6.1 40.7 7.1 18.4 9 Manganese as Mn mg/kg 82.8 45.1 178 60.6 154.8 10 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 71.1 20 125.3 54.8 60.1 11 Nitrogen mg/kg 252.3 37.4 91.3 59.9 111.5 12 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.309 1.352 1.348 1.553 1.404 13 Porosity % 52 48 50 50 52 14 Cation Exchange meq/100g 25.6 27.1 26.4 26.6 28.2 Capacity 15 Nickel as Ni mg/kg 30.3 5.8 12.1 9.3 18.1 16 Iron as Fe mg/kg 3383.9 2634.7 6255.1 840.6 7123.7 17 Water Holding ml/100 gm 60 72 64 66 56 Capacity 18 Permeability Cm/Sec 0.172 0.174 0.183 0.18 0.184 19 Salinity ppt 0.34 0.51 0.34 0.67 0.67 Texture Class: 20 Sand % 18 98..6 96.3 98.6 13.8 21 Silt % 22 0.6 2.8 0.8 18.6 22 Clay % 60 0.8 1.2 0.6 67.6 21 http://gujenvis.nic.in/PDF/soe-water.pdf 22 http://www.cgwbchd.nic.in/qulstd.htm ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 85 The soil of project site and vicinity is of alluvial in nature and disturbed. In general, the soil pH is varying from 7.8 to 8.96 which is in alkaline in nature. Higher pH at certain places can be attributed to low detritus and organic material. Soil of the area is mostly disturbed due to large scale construction and urban activities. Some of the published articles also indicate higher level of heavy metals such as Chromium, Cadmium, Manganese, Lead, Zinc in soil, which can be attributed to industrial emissions in the vicinity of Ahmedabad city23. It is important to prevent industrial pollution leaching into water sources and soil of the city and set up sensors to detect any such constituents in manholes and wastewater inlets. In this regard the Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat has proactively set up a task force (in September 2021) to disconnect all connections from industrial units into the sewers and drains in the city, now from Eastern part of the river. Till now, the task force has disconnected around 400 such connections and the units are asked to resume operations only after connecting their effluents to CETPs/ETPs. Such due diligence and actions will curtail illegal inflow of industrial effluents into sewer system and STPs. 1.1.7 Sludge & Sediment Sludge samples were collected from the STP, and river bed sediment samples were collected from the Sabarmati River, near STP outlet and Vasna Barrage flow. The locations are provided in the Figure 4. 23Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol. 20 163-175 2021, Heavy Metals in Soils and Vegetation from Wastewater Irrigated Croplands Near Ahmedabad, Gujarat: Risk to Human Health ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 86 Table 20 Sludge & Soil Quality Sampling Locations Sl.No Parameter Unit Of Sludge 9 - Sediment – 1 Sediment – 2 Sediment– 3 Sediment – 4 Sediment - Sediment - Sediment – . Measuremen Vasna STP 126 Downstream Of Downstream Of Downstream Downstream Of Upstream Of Upstream Of Sabarmati t MLD Sludge Sabarmati River Sabarmati River Of Sabarmati Sabarmati River Sabarmati Sabarmati River Flowing Within after Vasna after Vasna River near near outfall (at River at at Deep Level the City Barrage (at Barrage (at outfall (at Deep Levels Shallow Level Shallow Levels Deep Levels Shallow Levels 1 pH -- 7.04 8.52 8.9 8.05 8.02 8.48 8.5 8.32 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 2 Conductivity µS/cm 275.6 155.1 156.8 107.8 109 172.3 186 186.7 3 Moisture % 37.1 25.9 24.4 28.6 40.6 30.8 13.01 26.2 4 Calorific Kcal/kg BDL(MDL:200) BDL(MDL:200) BDL(MDL:200) BDL(MDL:200) BDL(MDL:200) BDL(MDL:200) BDL(MDL:200) BDL(MDL:200) Value 5 Arsenic as mg/kg BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05 BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05 BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) As ) ) 6 Nickel as Ni mg/L BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) 7 Cadmium as mg/L BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) Cd 8 Copper as mg/L BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) 1.74 Cu 9 Chromium mg/L BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) as Cr+6 10 Lead as Pb mg/L BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) 11 Zinc as Zn mg/L 1.01 3.2 1.5 BDL(MDL:1.0) 1.51 BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) BDL(MDL:1.0) 12 Mercury as mg/kg BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05 BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05 BDL(MDL:0.05) BDL(MDL:0.05) Hg ) ) ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 87 Sampling Locations Sl.No Parameter Unit Of Sludge 9 - Sediment – 1 Sediment – 2 Sediment– 3 Sediment – 4 Sediment - Sediment - Sediment – . Measuremen Vasna STP 126 Downstream Of Downstream Of Downstream Downstream Of Upstream Of Upstream Of Sabarmati t MLD Sludge Sabarmati River Sabarmati River Of Sabarmati Sabarmati River Sabarmati Sabarmati River Flowing Within after Vasna after Vasna River near near outfall (at River at at Deep Level the City Barrage (at Barrage (at outfall (at Deep Levels Shallow Level Shallow Levels Deep Levels Shallow Levels 13 Oil & Grease mg/kg 7 7 9 7 8 6 8 9 14 Colour -- Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Black 15 Texture -- Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid & Paper 16 Odor -- Unobjectionabl Unobjectionabl Unobjectionabl Objectionable Unobjectionabl Objectionable Unobjectionabl Unobjectionabl e e e e e e 17 Bulk Density gm/cc 0.864 1.229 1.369 1.308 1.16 1.296 1.478 1.314 18 Water ml/100 gm 64 48 56 50 44 46 90 54 Holding Capacity 19 Total % 6.83 3.31 3.11 2.94 6.68 4.16 1.21 4.28 Volatile Solids 20 Total mg/kg 924.6 218.2 217.1 242.8 299.3 312.6 107.4 264.6 Kjeldahl Nitrogen 21 Organic % 26.4 1.85 0.29 0.94 4.59 0.86 0.75 1.06 carbon 22 Phenolic mg/kg N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Compounds 23 Total mg/kg 5952.9 296.2 986.3 972.2 1364.1 599.1 396 793.4 Phosphorou s At downstream location near outfall and Vasna barrage the pH of sediment define alkaline nature. Nitrogen and Phosphorous contents of the Sludge are high. Sludge also shows presence of Zinc; also, in the sediment of Downstream samples. Currently sludge is being treated at sludge hygenisation plant of AMC and testing of treated sludge is undergoing for assessing its suitability, as a manure. Study is being conducted by AMC. The capacity of hygienisation plant is suitable to manage sludge from the proposed facilities even after proposed upgradation. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 88 1.1.8 Ambient Noise Noise monitoring activity had undertaken during September 2021. Sampling locations are in Figure 4. Table 21 Sampling locations of noise levels Sl No Location Name Location Day Time: Night-time: Code (6 am to 9 pm) (10 pm to 5 am) 1 Residential area within 05 km of N1 50.74 40.78 Pirana STP site – Against the Wind direction 2 Within 05 km of STP site, Residential N9 56.27 45.80 area, Faisal Nagar – Windward Side 3 Within 05 km of Vasna STP site, N 10 55.94 46.68 Residential area, Mastani Nagar Windward side 4 Residential area within 05 km of N2 57.79 48.00 Vasna STP site Against the Wind direction 5 Vasna STP location – Subproject Site N5 60.63 52.55 6 Pirana STP location N6 62.34 54.88 7 Near Paldi Bus stop N 19 65.59 52.88 Primary data provided above shows that during night-time, the noise levels in the residential area within 05 km (against the Wind direction) of Vasna STP site is exceeding limits of 45dB. This may be due the closeness to the highway and ongoing construction works. The rest of the noise levels as per the National Ambient Noise levels are well within the limits set as per regulations for Industrial, commercial and residential areas in Ahmedabad. Secondary data24 from 10 - 23 May 2018 at 24 locations shows that the average noise level always exceeded the guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) for the daytime noise (75 dB(A) for Industrial area, 65 dB(A) for Commercial area, 55 dB(A) for Residential area and 50 dB(A) for Silence zones), which is quite alarming. For a major portion of the traffic corridor (79.6%), even the minimum noise level was above the permissible average noise level which is a matter of great concern. The highest noise level observed was 86.0 dB (A). Traffic corridors near the central business district namely, Akhbarnagar followed by Naranpura were found the nosiest. Vasna 126 MLD STP is located well away from residential areas except for the slums or informal settlements adjacent to the STP, along western boundary and access road. Noise levels at the location are within limit. It is expected that due to proposed rehabilitation of STP, there will be a temporary localised increase in the local noise levels during construction phase. 24Current World Environment Vol. 16, No. (1) 2021, Pg. 198-209, Monitoring and Assessing the Environmental Noise along a Busy Traffic Corridor of Ahmedabad City, India ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 89 Figure 20: Noise Sampling Locations superimposed on Traffic Corridors Figure 21: Lmaxalong Traffic Corridors of Ahmedabad Figure 22: LAeq along the traffic corridors of Ahmedabad ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 90 3.5 Traffic Assessment Traffic assessment is an essential aspect to understand the baseline of the proposed location. Proposed activity may result in increase in traffic movement and increased traffic may attract health and safety issues concerning accidents and emission of pollutants from increased traffic. Hence vehicular traffic in Ahmedabad was studied to understand the major concerns. The vehicular density in Ahmedabad city is increasing at 5-6% per annum, while the road length is largely constant in last 5 years. As per the statement of vehicles registered till 31st March 2021 with COT (Commissioner of Transport Office, Gandhinagar) the number of vehicles in Ahmedabad is 45,19,181. The detailed break up is given in below table: Table 22: Type of Vehicles registered with COT (dated 9 June 2021) Sl. No. Type of Vehicles Ahmedabad Ahmedabad (GJ-1) (East) (GJ-2) 1 Goods Vehicles A. Truck/ Lorries 50582 10400 B. Tanker 3498 460 C. Three-Wheeler 71246 14738 D. Other Light Wheeler 43489 7155 TOTAL 168815 32753 2 Passenger Vehicles A. Stage Carriage 21028 0 B. Cont. Carriage 7808 319 C. Maxi Cab 6810 1403 D. School Bus 1224 243 E. Private Service Vehicles 1148 4 F. Police Van 861 3 Total 38879 1972 3 Ambulance 1469 15 4 A. 3-Wheeler Motor Car 11197 0 B. 4-Wheeler Motor car 766409 98095 5 Taxi 23814 98095 6 Jeep 32337 3689 7 Auto Rickshaws 202054 967 8 Two-Wheeler 0 32418 A. Motor-Cycle/ Scooter 2871138 0 B. Moped 304210 598624 9 Tractor 56447 600 10 Trailer 29893 3788 11 Other Vehicles 12519 611 Total 4519181 13858 Ahmedabad city traffic police jurisdiction area is divided into 14 traffic divisions. 1375 accidents were reported in Ahmedabad city within the period of January to December 201925. Out of this, 350 accidents were fatal in nature and majorly occurred in the night-time after 9 pm. In these accidents the pedestrian users of the city roads are also affected to a great extent. As per the detailed study conducted by JP India Pvt Ltd. during the year 2019, the major outcomes were: • There is need for developing pedestrian infrastructure specifically for intersection points. • Use of Helmets 25ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT – AHMEDABAD [2019] by JP Research India Pvt. Ltd. 26 Ahmedabad Accident Research Report by JP Research India Pvt Ltd., Sep 2019 Report ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 91 • Road obstructions/ construction causing limited vision • Surface road defects such as potholes/ cracks/ unevenness etc. • Defective traffic signals & indiscipline in following traffic rules. • Violating the vehicle speed rules • No signage • Lack of driving skills • Gap in median section • Unmaintained vehicles causing break failure The traffic accidents are usually attributed to human error and violations of traffic rules. However, considering the above points, it can be concluded that city requires better pedestrian infrastructure, signals and road designs. 3.5.1 Accidents Prone Locations The major accident-prone areas are depicted in Figure 31. It can be seen that Naroda Narol road and Subhash Bridge area (in reference to the phase I) sub projects is a major accident- prone area. Other road having accident history in the proximity of project sites are shown in Table 23 and number of accidents and its causes are depicted in Table 24, respectively. Figure 23: Accident prone locations of Ahmedabad 26 Table 23: Accidents during past three years Road & Intersections Years 2017 2018 2019 NH8 (Narol Naroda Road) 46 63 42 Shyam Shikhar CR to Ajit Mill CR to Hatkeshwar CR to Guruji Bridge Shyam Shikhar CR to Ajit Mill CR to Hatkeshwar CR to Guruji Bridge Forensik CR to Rameshwar CR Soniya Ceramic to D Mart to memco Bridge (Revised to Memco Bridge to Meghani Nagar) Sardar Patel Ring Road 43 60 45 Ramol Toll Tax to Auda Under Bridge NH64 (Narol-Sarkhej Road) 48 58 41 Jashoda Nagar CR to Crozy Hotel Naroda to Narol (Revised to Naroda to Jashoda nagar Crossing) 26 Ahmedabad Accident Research Report by JP Research India Pvt Ltd., Sep 2019 Report ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 92 Road & Intersections Years 2017 2018 2019 132 Feet Ring Road 19 21 14 Naroda Road 17 11 20 Airport Road 18 11 11 Lal Bahadur Shastri Road 13 13 8 Table 24: Major factors for accidents along the major roads falling under the project scope 27 Sl. Factors for accidents NH8 (Narol Sardar NH64 (Narol- No. Naroda Patel Ring Sarkhej Road) Road) Road 1. Helmet not used 13 14 2. Injuries to rider due to impact with other vehicle 12 12 3 3. Injuries to Pedestrian due to impact with other 10 6 vehicle 4. Runover of Two-wheeler rider/ bicyclist 8 6 5. Speeding - Excessive speed for conditions 5 6 3 6. Injuries due to roadside manmade structures 5 - 7. Pedestrian's Dangerous Behavior on Roadway 5 5 3 8. Poor road marking/signage 4 7 - 9. Speeding Above Speed Limit 4 4 2 10. Overtaking in undivided road 3 6 - 11. Injuries Due to Ejection from Vehicle 3 4 - 12. Pedestrian's Inattention 3 5 - 13. Improper lane change/lane usage 3 4 - The width of the Fatehwadi canal road is sufficient to cater the increased traffic volume as the existing traffic movement is very low. As the STPs have a separate entry/ exit it will not affect movement of any local vehicles. The above study of traffic signifies the management requirements during construction and pre-construction phases of the project. As the movement of vehicles carrying personnel and raw material for this sub-project will increase traffic movement and may cause conflicts. For the proposed project major concerns related to traffic are 1. Uneven roads, 2. non-marking of roads, 3. Width of canal road is smaller, 4. Approach road connecting canal road and STP has sharp turn, and 5. Absence of signages. Improvement of road infrastructure and providing signages will be necessary. During construction, the project planning should be made in such a way that minimal bypass or diversion is required. Apart from above measures, AMC (through PMC) should depute their own supervisory team to coordinate with residential and commercial groups for educating the masses about diversions, road blockages and other measures. Prior information should be given to the residents in the area through various media tools such as TV broadcast, Pamphlet etc. 3.5.2 Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) was adopted by MoEFCC for depicting the overall pollution Index of Industrialised area. This index is sum of all kinds of pollution viz. air, water, soil, noise, ecological status etc. in the industrial areas of cities and is an indicator of environmental health of the city. The CEPI Index for Naroda/ Odhav industrial cluster of Ahmedabad is comparatively better than other industrialised areas of Gujarat as given below: 27 Ahmedabad Accident Research Report by JP Research India Pvt Ltd., Sep 2019 Report ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 93 Table 25: Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index of Gujarat clusters Sl. No. Name of polluted industrial area (PIA) CEPI Score As per monitoring during 2018 by CPCB 1 Vadodara (Critically Polluted Area - CPA) 89.09 2 Ankleshwar (CPA) 80.21 3 Vapi (CPA) 79.95 4 Surat (CPA) 76.43 5 Vatva (Vatva & Narol) (CPA) 70.94 6 Rajkot (CPA) 70.62 7 Bhavnagar (Severely Polluted Area - SPA) 61.94 8 Ahmedabad (Naroda & Odhav) (Other Polluted Area - 57.11 OPA) 9 Morbi 54.24 Source: GPCB Annual report 2019-2020 Category CEPI Score CPA >70 SPA 60-70 OPA <60 For managing pollution from industrial areas and industries, collectively and cumulatively, regulatory measures, mechanisms for preventing emissions, treatment facilities for wastes and industrial effluents need to improve. 3.5.3 Natural Disaster Assessment Being near to Sabarmati River, the existing Vasna 126 MLD STP needs to be more vigilant for floods. This STP is also located at around 3 km from Vasna Barrage and south end of the Riverfront. HFL of Sabarmati River is 41.77 m at the Vasna Barrage near the project area. Thus, clear demarcation of HFL is important to identifying the areas which would be impacted. The lower promenade of the Sabarmati Riverfront got submerged in 2006, 2011, 2015 and 2017. In 2006, low lying slum at Vadaj experienced severe flooding and houses and shops were half submerged and hundreds of slum dwellers from Vadaj and riverbank areas (behind VS hospital and Tagore hall, Khanpur and Shahpur, Behind NID) were relocated to schools.28 In 2015, the release of 1.8 lakh cusecs of water from Dharoi dam had led to the flooding of the riverfront29. People were evacuated from Fatehwadi, Chandrabhaga and Indira bridge area. During 23 - 27 July 2017, Ahmedabad district, City taluka and Bavla taluka reported 81.16%, 107.86% and 115.60% rainfall respectively30. Ahmedabad received 828.2 mm rains, as against a normal level of 291.1 mm31. Around 200mm of rainfall was received in the city in 24 hours in 2017.32 More than 150 factories shut down,33 and slums in the city were waterlogged while 28 https://www.deshgujarat.com/2015/07/29/blog-year-2006-sabarmati-flood-in-ahmedabad-i-witnessed/ 29https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat-floods-submerged-sabarmati-riverfront-throws-up-snakes-and-many- questions-4775653/. 30 https://gidm.gujarat.gov.in/sites/default/files/educate_your_self_document/Gujarat%20Flood%202017%20- %20A%20Case%20Study%20by%20NDMA%20%26%20GIDM_2.pdf 31https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/a-rare-phenomenon-caused-gujarat-floods- 117072900734_1.html 32https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ahmedabad-airport-gujarat-floods-heavy-rains-sabarmati-river-gandhinagar- 1026704-2017-07-27 33 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/31/india-monsoon-floods-gujarat-death-toll-over-200 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 94 the districts of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar were also on alert due to the Daroi dam releasing water into the Sabarmati River, which had already received water from the Narmada,34 and 2800 people from low lying areas were evacuated35. Based on the above experiences with floods, during worst floods scenario, potential risks identified to and in STP premises during construction and operation phases include: submergence of the STP and nearby areas including access roads, trunk mains and outfalls, structural damage of STP components and linked structures; reverse flow from outlet; Impacts on outfall points, wastes, debris, carcasses carried into the premises by flood waters, choked machinery, inlets and outlets, impact of monitoring equipment, submerged equipment and electric short circuits, risks to workers and nearby communities due to flooding, disruption of construction works and material stacked, issues with stored sludge and chemicals, possibility of water borne disease post flood; untreated sewage release and downstream impacts on communities, impaired functioning caused by damage to equipment and machinery. As per the seismic map of India, Ahmedabad falls under the Zone III (Moderate Damage Risk Zone). Ahmedabad along with other areas of Gujarat had experienced a massive earthquake in January 2001. It is important that the proposed rehabilitation also consider structural strengthening to make the STP resilient to earthquake, flooding and other disasters. 3.6 Socio-Economic Baseline The baseline socio economic condition used in the ESIA study and discussed has been compiled from the population estimates of Master Planning Consultants of AMC, Census 2011 data for the city and the wards and primary data collection. Other data available in the public domain has also been collated and discussed in the baseline section to understand and present the social baseline condition with respect to the area of influence and area of impact for the project, health condition, downstream impact with respect use of water from Sabarmati River, health issues, groundwater extraction and quality and related issues. The immediate area of influence in ward no 52 Sarkhej where the STP is location and area of impact is larger and includes the sewerage catchment in zone 1 for the 126 MLD STP, downstream villages using the water from Sabarmati River. 3.6.1 Ward Data STP is located in Ward Number 52 for Sarkhej which is included in 10 kms area of study of existing STP and existing STP and area of influence/impact and has a significant geographic area for the sewerage catchment, in which the STP is located. FR reports that western Zone - 2 covers approximately 75 sq.km. area of AMC. Catchment to the 126 MLD treatment Plant at Vasna include Area Between 132 feet Ring Road and S. G. Highway, Old Auda area, Chandlodiya, Ghatlodiya, Memnagar, Vejalpur, Prahaladnagar, Satellite, Vastrapur,Maktampura. The estimated contributing population for this zone is about 14.53 lakh. The entire sewage from this zone is ultimately conveyed to four STP at 60 MLD Jal Vihar, Vasna 48 NLD, Vasna 35 MLD and Vasna 126 MLD at Vasna through three TSPS. Vasna Barrage TSPS receives wastewater from the interceptor sewer and feeds to 35 MLD STP. Vasna Terminal 76 MLD TSPS feeds to 48 MLD STP while the Vasna (AUDA) 126 MLD TSPS feed to 126 MLD STP. The wastewater from Chandrabhaga drain is intercepted and taken to Jal Vihar STP. As per the SCADA records, about 338 MLD sewage is generated at present in this zone and all sewage generated will be treated with the implementation of the proposed sub project. 34 https://hdrc-sxnfes.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Report-Flood-Final-19_08_17.pdf 35https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/flood-fury-hits-gujarat-25000-people- evacuated/articleshow/59744404.cms ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 95 3.6.2 Study area profile and limitation A transect walk was also conducted within the STP plant area to observe specific issues related to the plant site. Consultations were also undertaken with various stakeholders with reference to the STP including AMC Officials, Operators and Squatter settlement inhabitants. Discussion were held during preparation of ESIA and ESMP, after disclosure of draft ESIA/ESMP. There are few STPs in the Vasna within 100 to 250 m, such as the 35 MLD, 48 MLD, 126 MLD etc. At the time of development of these STPs, there were no settlements, adjoining or near STPs. Since then, some temporary squatter settlements have come up alongside the Fatehwadi canal and kuccha access road near 126 MLD STP and 240 MLD STP. Social impacts are mainly with respect to the environmental issues such as dust, traffic movement, release of untreated sewage, odor and related issues during construction and operation and discussed in section 4.6. The squatters’ settlement is not a notified slum and consists of kuccha or makeshift arrangements. The inhabitants are migrants (seasonal and permanent). Discussions with squatter settlement was undertaken in September in late evening with some inhabitants living in the settlement. During the updating of the ESIA, further consultation with settlement dwellers including women and other vulnerable groups will be conducted by the implementing agency. The issues related to crimes such as theft, dacoity etc., in the squatter settlement will reduce due to provision of street lighting during night work and movement of vehicles and labour. There will also be increased security due to movement of materials and goods to the STP during construction. Labour camp set up in the area will have enclosure and security to prevent any incidences of crime or conflicts with labour working on project. Lighting will also be provided to ensure safety and security to the labour residing in the labour camp. Similarly, visits were also undertaken to residential areas, mainly peri urban locality just next door, Juhapura (which is a non-notified slum) to 126 MLD STP, which is accessible from the Fatehwadi canal road. The area is accessible by another route which is more commonly used as it provides easy access to schools, hospitals, markets, residential area, places of worship etc. Area adjacent to the 126 MLD STP consist of both kuccha and pucca structures, building and chawls, places of worship, schools etc. During consultations conducted in the area, issues and concerns were mentioned with respect to the public infrastructure provided in the area, such as quality of water supplied by AMC, lack of community and individual toilets, lack of pucca roads and issue of drainage and water stagnation. With respect to the STP, residents reported there is no odor issue and overall traffic movement is mainly pedestrian and two wheeler traffic on the access road to the 126 STP. Given the gap of services in the area and proposed improvement and expansion of coverage of sewerage catchment and treatment of sewage under the sub project, consultations will be carried out in Juhapura before construction activities are initiated to address issues arising of sub project activities, gaps in services and coverage of the area by providing sanitation services through Central and State government schemes under SWM. The settlement will not be affected by the sub project activities. Impacts and risks pertaining to and on community health and safety impacts and SEA/SH impacts, impacts related to labor influx etc will be minimized and addressed through mitigation measures. 3.6.3 Demographics and Ethnic Composition 3.6.3.1 Population Density and Profile The population density for wards as given in the map below above reflect that the population density in the western zone 1 for YR 2013 ranges from below 10000 persons/sq.km to 40000 persons/sq.m. in Southwest and Northwest zones. The population density was much higher ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 96 for the eastern wide of the city with inner zones having higher population density ranging from 40000 persons per sq. m to above 60000 persons per Sq. Km. In the future, it is expected that population density will increase in some of the wards which have population density in the range of 40000 per/sq.m. and below and which are rapidly being integrated within the city due to infrastructure development, improved municipal services and better connectivity. For the estimated population increased in the respective wards, the sub project will enhance sewerage collection and treatment through the proposed sub project. The sub project is proposed to be carried out within the existing STP premises which is enclosed within boundary. There are no occupants at the proposed expansion site, no disadvantaged/vulnerable groups, etc. In this section, there is a brief discussion the impacts on communities near the STPs and the downstream users of Fatehwadi canal and Sabarmati river in which the treated sewage is released. For both informal settlement and Arshad Park, Juhapura, land acquisition is not required for road repairs or upgradation or STP related activity with respect to the upgradation or expansion. Current width of kuccha road is large and only 8 m width will be required for road repairs and upgradation which not affect any traffic movement as the proposed road repairs and upgradation will be taken up in a manner to allow traffic movement. Each of these communities and main concerns are discussed under separate sub headings, based on primary data collection and consultations. The various communities include: • Informal settlement opposite the 126 MLD and 240 MLD STPs. There are also scattered settlements on the Fatehwadi canal. The land belongs to the AMC and all the person/families are squatters on government land and the settlement is non- notified. • Mixed formal/informal settlement is adjacent to the 126 MLD which comes under Juhapura which can be described as a largely unplanned area with mix of residential buildings, schools, places of worship, etc. • Few downstream villages/ users of Fatehwadi canal water and Sabarmati river 3.6.3.2 Squatter/informal settlement Opposite the STPs There are approximately 600 to 700 families (roughly 1800 to 3500 persons in the entire stretch) in the squatter settlement and numbers vary as per work availability and return of inhabitants to original villages whenever required. Inhabitants consulted mentioned that they have been living in the informal settlement opposite the STPs since the last 12 years or so. Inhabitants of the settlement are mainly from Jabhua district, Madhya Pradesh and Dahod district, Gujarat. This population living in the settlement is highly mobile and inhabitants often go back to their villages and return after 15 to 20 days. People have moved to the area, from slums and rented accommodations during Covid pandemic due to loss of income and regular work. Most of the people (men and women) work as labour in the nearby industries. Women also go for domestic work in the nearby areas such as Juhapura. There are higher proportion of men roughly 60% men and 40% women in the settlement as women move with their families only. More males were observed on the site than women and children. While women are living in the settlement, the numbers are lesser than that of young adult males. The temporary huts put up by the people are made of plastic sheet, corrugated sheets on frames, gunny bags, cartons etc. Very few structures have lower brick walls. Most of the temporary huts put up are used of living and one shop was observed but was not functional or open during any of the visits undertaken in the area. During evening ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 97 handcarts were observed selling mainly vegetables and other items to the inhabitants. These are not stationery and are used for vending for a short period of time during the evenings/night in the settlement. Amenities and public services such as electricity, sanitation and water supply facilities are not available in the settlement. One of the respondents reported that he had dug a well on his own, in which good quality water is available at 40 feet. People also approached the existing 240 STP for getting drinking water which is free of cost. People defecate near the highway. Health problems reported in the area includes malaria, fever and swollen hands and legs. Approximately 50 % of the people are vaccinated. There are 3 to 4 private borewells from which the people take water for drinking and domestic use on payment basis. There are few children in the settlement. Some families keep goats for personal consumption for which they take fodder from STP during monsoon. This activity is restricted as per requirement of grass cutting in the STP during monsoon. People also take the goats for grazing and watering to the river bank which are affected due to the quality of river water. Figure 24: Location of 126 STP with Respect to Arshad Park Juhapura 3.6.3.3 Formal/informal settlement, Arshad Park, Juhapura, Chaloda adjacent to the 126 MLD STP, western side including residents, labour/ workers living within 1.5 km of plant The settlement is located near the 126 MLD STP on the western side. The area is commonly known as Arshad Park, Juhapura, Chaloda and comes under the Sarkhej ward. There are roughly 5000 persons and above population living in the immediate locality near the 126 MLD plant and the buildings are constructed in unplanned manner. There are gaps in public infrastructure such as roads, drainage, street lighting etc. The settlement consists of largely permanent structures and includes residential buildings/houses, commercial areas such as shops, places of worships, schools, etc. Part of Juhapura is a ghetto in which municipal services are not available and is a non-notified slum. Some of the informal settlements are located on the canal banks at higher elevation toward Juhapura. The boundary wall of the STP separates the Juhapura area and a green belt is located within it. The green belt provides a barrier and reduces the environment related issues related to SPT and its operation such as visual/ aesthetics, odor, noise and dust arising from construction ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 98 and operation activities. Currently as per consultation carried out in Juhapura, there is no odor with reference to the 126 MLD STP. There may be insignificant odor or air pollution issues 36 during construction and operation period due demolition of existing STP units and sewage bypass arrangements made during commission/ operation which will be avoided and or mitigated. Figure 25: Location of 126 STP with Respect to Arshad Park Juhapura 3.6.3.4 Downstream Villagers Earlier, Ahmedabad used to get its water from Dharoi reservoir, constructed in 1976 upstream of Ahmedabad, that controls water and protects from flooding while Vasna Barrage constructed in 1976 downstream retains water in the Sabarmati river which is monsoon fed, along the city banks and diverts it through Fatehwadi canal for irrigation. The Fatehwadi feeder canal was first built in 1976 and channels water to four major talukas Sanand, Dholka, Bavla and Daskroi. The canal system has a command area of 28,000 to 30,000 hectares. The Narmada Canal, which crosses Sabarmati a few kilometres upstream from the city, is part of a larger canal network of Sardar Sarovar Dam. After the drought from 1980 to 1989, permission was sought to get water from the Narmada canal. The Narmada canal can feed excess water to the river and maintains the level of water in the river which is retained through Vasna Barrage. The downstream villages get drinking water from the borewell/ tube well and through the Narmada canal. People also use borewell for irrigation. The villages are covered under the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) which envisions to provide safe and adequate drinking water through individual household tap connections by 2024 to all households in rural India. Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) has been launched in partnership with States, to enable every household in villages to have Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) in the next 5 years. It is envisaged that with FHTC, each household will have potable water supply in adequate quantity. Implementing agencies include Water and Sanitation Management Organization 36 As per analysis of primary Air Quality monitoring, there are no critical issue with regards to air pollution from STP in this area. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 99 (WASMO), Gujarat Water Infrastructure Limited (GWIL) and Gujarat Water Supply & Sewerage Board (GWSSB). GWSSB mentions that the regional water supply schemes are based on reliable sources like tube-wells (Underground sources) or Surface water sources (Dam or Narmada water). Water is fed up to village level by transmitting water from bulk water transmission lines by the GWSSB. FHTC coverage is 100 % for households’ in relevant talukas (Dholka, Bavla, Detroj, Daskroi, Sanand and Dhanuka for downstream villages of Sabarmati and for Fatehwadi canal)of Ahmedabad district are covered in Jal Jeevan Mission for drinking water supply. Based on the JJM data available37, at taluka level coverage is 100 %. See table below. Table 26: Habitation wise FHTC Coverage( Reported Till 06/03/2022) Financial Year: 2021-2022, Ahmedabad District38 Total Non With FHTC Coverage With FHTC Coverage With FHTC Coverage Habitat PW >=50 and >=75 and >=100 % S.N ions as S Hous Hous Block Hou o. on Hab Hous e e House 01/04/ itati Hab se Hab House e Conn Habs Conn Conne 2021 ons s Hold s Holds Holds ectio ectio ctions s ns ns 1 BAVLA 54 0 0 0 0 1 2800 2503 53 37878 37878 2 DASKROI 116 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116 84016 84016 3 DETROJ 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 68 28845 28845 4 DHANDHUKA 43 0 0 0 0 1 519 517 42 17220 17220 5 DHOLERA 41 0 0 0 0 2 2650 2432 39 12347 12347 6 DHOLKA 80 0 0 0 0 1 260 258 79 54201 54201 7 MANDAL 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 23333 23333 8 SANAND 99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99 60741 60741 9 VIRAMGAM 97 0 1 1650 1236 0 0 0 96 43133 43133 36171 Total 644 0 1 1650 1236 5 6229 5710 638 361714 4 Based on the consultations and assessment carried out downstream villages rely on borewell/tube well or Narmada canal water for source of drinking water. Due to issues with water pollution, Sabarmati river water is usually avoided for irrigation or drinking. The implementation of the proposed sub project will improve water quality being released into the river and meet requirements as per the NGT standards. Task Force set up by the High Court of Gujarat has disconnected around 400 connections from industrial units into the sewers and drains in the city, now from Eastern part of the Sabarmati river and the units are asked to resume operations only after connecting their effluents to CETPs/ETPs to reduce Sabarmati river pollution. Consultations conducted for the above mentioned communities and groups are presented in section 8.3, Table 53 for outcome of consultation during 37 https://ejalshakti.gov.in/IMISReports/Reports/WaterQuality/rpt_WQM_GPwiseTesting_P.aspx?Rep=0 38 https://ejalshakti.gov.in/imisreports/ ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 100 preparation of ESIA and post disclosure. Additional consultations will be undertaken after design finalization by DBOT Contractor. Figure 26 Population Density of Wards in AMC39 3.6.3.5 Demographic Profile: Sarkhej Ward One km area around the existing STP is within the Sarkhej ward. Estimates of population provided for the Sarkhej ward by the Master Planning consultants for 2021, 2031, 2041 and 2051 is 144523, 306568, 475732 and 644415 respectively, while the population densities for the same years 4899 pers/sq.km, 10391 pers/sq.km, 16125 pers/sq.km and 21843 pers/sq.km respectively. The increase in estimated population indicates potential sewage generation and addressing the future requirements through current sub project planning and implementation. The total population for sewerage catchment for Vasna 126+48+35 (Jalvihar 60 MLD) covers an area of 82.9 Sq.km and contributing population estimated in 2021 is 1,550,041 and in 2039 is estimated to be 2,334,479 and expected contributing flow are 209 MLD and 315 MLD respectively. 3.6.3.6 Workers and occupation The proportion of total workers is 34.74% and main workers comprise of approximately 85% of total workers, in Sarkhej ward. More than 88.56% of the population comprises of other workers categories indicating occupation in the secondary and tertiary sectors given the presence of industries such as chemicals, petrochemicals, dairy, drugs and pharmaceuticals, power, transmission, etc in the city. Less than 0.5% is involved in household industries, 2.84% as cultivators and 5.39 as agriculture labours. 39 Health Dept, AMC. City Health Plan: Ahmedabad under National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). Prepared by Urban Management Centre 2013 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 101 3.6.3.7 Health The data for this section was collated from the Health Officer, AMC for Ahmedabad city and Health Aspect Study and Mitigation to improve the health in Catchment area of Identified Polluted River Stretches for the city. The proportion of cases in the west, North west and south west zones was low less than 3% for AGE and fever between 2018 to 2021. For Jaundice, the proportion was higher at more than 15% for YR 2018-2021. Almost all ailments had an increase in YR 2019 before decreasing significantly in 2020. Table 27: Disease/ Ailments from 2018-2020 for Ahmedabad City Disease/ Year West N. West S. West Total cases for % of cases in the Zone Zone Zone Ahmedabad Sewerage Ailment city Catchment Zone Acute 2018 75 19 26 6767 1.77 Gastroenteritis 2019 67 13 83 6004 2.71 (AGE) 2020 25 4 16 1779 2.53 2021 22 7 34 2407 2.62 Jaundice 2018 161 162 238 3154 17.79 2019 135 123 273 2610 20.34 2020 31 13 45 580 15.34 2021 60 12 57 129 1.77 Typhoid 2018 224 141 103 3286 14.24 2019 267 104 154 4291 12.23 2020 39 14 14 1137 5.89 2021 66 13 32 1477 7.52 Cholera 2018 9 3 4 77 20.78 2019 1 0 2 86 3.49 2021 2 0 0 64 3.13 Fever 2018 75 19 26 6767 1.77 2019 67 13 83 6004 2.71 2020 25 4 16 1779 2.53 2021 22 7 34 2407 2.62 Source: Health Officer, AMC for Ahmedabad city, 2021 3.6.3.8 Gender issues/ concerns Women in the nearby settlement are working, mainly in the unorganized sector as semi-skilled and unskilled labour, domestic workers, construction/ masonry work. Safety and security concerns for women/ children were raised due to the labour influx for construction activities, open defecation, lack of street lights and similar issues as the settlement is informal. This has been addressed in the mitigation measures through community health and safety measures, employment of labour, both men and women from the informal settlement, setting up labour camp at suitable site to prevent any disturbance to the settlement, SEA/SH measures and provision of services such as drinking water supply and sanitation for the settlement through ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 102 government schemes and programs. For issues and concerns mitigation measures have been addressed in the ESMP. The Labour Force Participation rate according to the current weekly status from July 2019 to September 2020 for urban areas of Gujarat is presented below and data indicates that LFPR for males were significantly lower for females in Gujarat. Table 28: Labour Force Participation Rate (CWS) July 19 to Sept 20 State Gujarat India Male Female Male Female Jul-Sep 2019 77.7 16.7 73.9 20.3 Oct-Dec 2019 78.8 18.5 73.8 21.1 Jan-Mar 2020 79.1 19.2 73.7 21.9 Apr-Jun 2020 74.4 17.7 71.7 19.6 Jun-Jul 2020 77.3 18.3 73.5 20.3 Source: GoI, Aug 2021, National Statistical Office, Periodic Labour force Survey (PLFS) July-September 2020, Ministry of statistics and Programme Implementation. 3.6.4 Institutional Set ups Stakeholder groups identified during site assessment was STP staff, contractors and migrants living in squatter settlements in the vicinity of the STP. 3.6.5 Stakeholder consultations & Identified Groups Consultations were carried out for the preparation of the draft ESIA report and the draft ESMF and SEP. Stakeholder consultation is a dynamic process and consultations will be carried out during the life cycle of the G-ACRP project. Consultations were also carried out for disclosure of ESIA and ESMP. Due to Covid -19 pandemic and restrictions, consultations were carried out, from August to November 2021, online and as well as in person and due precautions were followed for site activities. After draft disclosure consultations were carried out in Feb, March and June 2022. 3.7 Governance & administrative context For administrative purposes, the city is at present divided into 7 zones - Central, East, West, North, South, southwest zone, and northwest zone. Each zone is further split into wards. The area comes under the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, ward no 52 Sarkhej as mentioned above. In AMC, Drainage Department manages all sewerage and drainage (stormwater) related works and services. The Department applies for Consent to Establish and Operate from GPCB ad consent conditions are to be followed by all STPs. Under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 it is the responsibility of GPCB to inspect sewage or trade effluents, works, and plants for the treatment of sewage or trade effluent. Operation and Maintenance of STPs and Pumping Stations are contracted out to various private agencies. In 1996, the Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat in their verdict directed the GPCB for the implementation of an Environmental Audit Scheme for the industries in the State of Gujarat. The scheme classified the industries which are required to submit periodical audit reports and the timetable thereof. It provides for submission of the audit reports to the GPCB first and subsequent action to be taken on. The scheme also envisages actions for failure to submit a report for industries and furnishing incorrect information on the part of auditors. Audit of STPs is carried out as per schedule and details submitted to GPCB. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 103 3.8 Other developments in the Project Area and Sabarmati Riverfront Gyaspur metro depot of Ahmedabad metro at the northern side of 126 MLD STP is the latest development in the project area. At present, the metro depot work in ongoing and may continue during the construction phase of the 240 MLD STP. The metro depot is across the highway and potential impacts identified are related to cumulative impacts on air quality and traffic management during the transportation of goods, material and equipment during the construction phase. Upcoming projects on the Sabarmati Riverfront by AMC, includes road between Subhash Bridge and railway bridge on western side, sports complex on eastern side, sports complex behind National Institute of Design, Park between Nehru Bridge and Ellis Bridge, Multi-level parking on western side and foot bridge between Ellis bridge and Sardar bridge. A list of upcoming projects in Ahmedabad and their important with respect to various identified subprojects is provided in Annexure VI. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 104 4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES As per ESF, “The assessment [ESIA] will evaluate the project’s potential environmental and social risks and impacts; examine project alternatives; identify ways of improving project selection, siting, planning, design and implementation in order to apply the mitigation hierarchy for adverse environmental and social impacts and seek opportunities to enhance the positive impacts of the project.� Analysis of Alternatives involves the following: ▪ Systematically compares feasible alternatives to the proposed project site, technology, design, and operation—including the “without project� situation—in terms of their potential environmental and social impacts. ▪ Assesses the alternatives’ feasibility of mitigating the environmental and social impacts; the capital and recurrent costs of alternative mitigation measures, and their suitability under local conditions; and the institutional, training, and monitoring requirements for the alternative mitigation measures. ▪ For each of the alternatives, quantifies the environmental and social impacts to the extent possible, and attaches economic values where feasible. The Analysis of Alternatives described in this chapter is structured to follow a ‘narrowing approach’ involving a series of logical steps, starting with the high-level strategy alternatives followed by description of more detailed technology alternatives considered. Using this commonly adopted narrowing approach, the Analysis of Alternatives considers alternatives in the following sequence: ▪ Strategy Alternative: Abandoning the Existing Centralised Treatment to follow decentralised ‘on site’ treatment 'on site’ Here, a scenario where existing STP would be abandoned, and residents will be using onsite decentralised treatment in septic tanks is considered against the proposed subproject ▪ ‘Zero’ or ‘No Project’ alternative, Here, without project scenario i.e., continuing the existing situation compared with the scenario where the proposed project rehabilitation is implemented ▪ Construct 375 MLD STP in two sections (initial 120 MLD section, demolition of existing STP and then construction of remaining 255 MLD STP ▪ Design/ Technology Alternatives Technologies to achieve the stringent discharge standards suggested by NGT are compared with the current one. During Detailed design, this will be subject to further scrutiny and the best environmentally suitable alternative will be adopted. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 105 Figure 27 Analysis of Alternatives 4.1 Strategy Change: Abandoning Centralised Treatment in STP, to follow decentralised treatment ‘on site’ Another option is the proposed development of onsite treatment in the catchment of Vasna 126 MLD STP, 35 MLD STP & 48 MLD STP, without centralised STPs. This involves onsite treatment in around 1.4 million units, for 375 MLD sewage. • This is not viewed as an option by the residents of Ahmedabad, where centralised treatment was being provided by AMC since past two decades, and infrastructure including sewer networks and sewage pumping stations have been built for this. This would mean abandoning the infrastructure built for this. • On site system may not be appropriate also in existing small plot sizes, which have been developed considering that centralised treatment will be the norm. • The soil of the region is alluvium with faster permeability, unsuited for large scale decentralised options. This would further add to the soil pollution in this high dense industrial city. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 106 4.2 Zero or NO project Alternative 4.2.1 Without Project Scenario The existing STP was designed with ASP technology to achieve following norms: Table 29: STP Inlet Outlet Quality viz a viz Standards/ Norms Sl. No. Parameter Unit Designed Actual Actual Prevailing NGT Discharge Inlet quality of MoEFCC suggested Quality of Quality, treated 201740 Discharge Treated 2021 sewage at quality, 2017 Sewage Outlet, 2021 1. BOD mg/l 20 48 13 20 <10 2. COD mg/l 100 171.2 44.8 <50 3. SS mg/l 30 18 316 <50 <10 4. pH - 6.5 - 8.0 7.56 7.56 6.5 -9.0 5.5-9.0 5. Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.5 BDL 2.4 6. Fecal Coliform MPN/100ml 1000-10000 59 48 <1000 <230 7. Oil&Grease mg/l <10 BDL BDL 8 Total Nitrogen mg/l 48 7.2 < 10 9 Total mg/l 1.83 1.96 <2 Phosphorous There is no provision for removal of faecal coliform and bio nutrients in the existing STP. With existing treatment facility, it may not be possible to achieve the NGT suggested discharge quality. This may affect the surface water quality at Sabarmati and ground water quality and heath of the city and downstream of Sabarmati or Fatehwadi canal, in case of reuse for irrigation. Due to the age of the STP, equipment’s are not functioning as per design requirement. If the treatment plant is not upgraded, there may be impacts on the water quality of Sabarmati River downstream which will affect any fauna, flora in the river, and also result in degradation of soil quality. High chlorine content for disinfection may impact plant growth and soils. In addition, treatment costs are also high, and machinery need upgradation. Since the proposed rehabilitation is minimal, rerouting of sewage during phased rehabilitation can be easily achieved and impacts of works near sewage can be minimised by good construction scheduling and rerouting to existing STPs in the Vasna STP agglomerate/ cluster, taking advantage of agglomerated treatment units. STP Upgradation will result in achieving the NGT suggested standards and help in improved health of the people and environment without abandoning the existing STP area. 4.3 Complete reconstruction of existing STP (in two sections) As against proposed rehabilitation, the alternative, namely complete reconstruction of existing STP was examined. This involves demolition of all structures on the existing STP after construction of initial section of 120 MLD STP and diverting current wastewater flow into it. The average flow based on SCADA records is 75 MLD (Year July 2020 till June 2021). The existing system was built for an average design flow of 126 MLD. The proposed four no. of SBR tanks with all Preliminary and other units required to operate the plant could be accommodated in the empty space available. 40These Standards shall apply to all STPs to be commissioned on or after the 1st June, 2019 and the old/existing STPs shall achieve these standards within a period of five years from date of publication of this notification in the Official Gazette. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 107 This four SBR tanks could be adequate to cater an average flow of approximately 94.0 MLD. Once this four SBR tanks and related units are commissioned, the existing flows could be redirected to the new units and all the existing units could be demolished. The remaining units could be constructed in the area as presented in the layout drawing. Once the plant is constructed, an overall commissioning shall be carried out for its completeness. The Design Consultant has submitted the “Need Assessment Report� for the nominated works as per RFP. The existing Plant is based on UASB technology. Based on our detailed analysis and to achieve the NGT standards with TSS<10 mg/l and considering the age of the plant (18 years old once the new plant is commissioned), it is proposed to demolish the plant totally. The M&E equipment’s are severely corroded. Considering that the sewage received at STP is less than its capacity and currently the treatment of sewage is meagre in this STP due to age, and issues with machinery, the demolition of existing units and construction of new units can be planned. No bypass shall be allowed from WB funder facility, as per the directions of National Green Tribunal (NGT)41 and WB EHS. AMC is updating sewer system (as part of G-ACRP). STP once upgraded and obsolete equipment are upgraded, it will be able to take the additional 10% load which comes into the STPs during heavy rains. AMC also takes the opportunity offered by agglomeration of STPs at Pirana and Vasna to divert and treat peak flows. 4.4 Technology Alternatives 4.4.1 Screening of Technologies for STP At present, following sewage treatment technologies are the best available to arrive at NGT suggested discharge standards: ▪ Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). ▪ Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (A2O) Process (Biological Nitrogen and Phosphorous Removal Process) ▪ Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)- Due to the high Capital and Operation & Maintenance costs for the huge flows of 375 MLD, this process is not considered. Detailed description and comparison will be provided in the DPR stage as World Bank is preferred for Open Technology for the DBOT tender. ▪ Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) -is an attached growth process and will not remove phosphorous biologically and limited experience in India for such higher capacity plants. Thus, this process has not been considered further in FR. Table 30: Comparison of Various Biological Treatment Options Sl. Treatment Advantages Disadvantages No process 1 Anaerobic/ • Both nitrogen and phosphorus are • Generally, this process needs a larger removed simultaneously in this volume of reaction tank than that used Anoxic/ process in the standard activated sludge Aerobic process. 41 Page 20. 3 nd QUARTERLY REPORT OF THE CENTRAL MONITORING COMMITTEE (CMC) IN COMPLIANCE OF THE ORDER DATED 21.09.2020 (UPLOADED ON 26.09.2020) IN THE MATTER OA No. 673 of 2018 (on critically polluted river stretches (such as Sabarmati – see pages 20, 23); bypass of sewage is critically viewed by NGT in http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Kharicut-canal-pollution-NGT-order.pdf) Available at: https://greentribunal.gov.in/sites/default/files/news_updates/Status%20Report%20filed%20by%20CPCB%20in%20OA%20 No%2082%20of%202021(SZ).pdf; Accessed on: November 2021 ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 108 Sl. Treatment Advantages Disadvantages No process (Oxic) A2O • A portion of alkalinity consumed in • The process operating parameters of the aerobic tank is recovered by nitrogen removal, such as SRT conflict process denitrification reaction in the with that of phosphorus removal; anaerobic reaction tank by recycling therefore, the optimum SRT condition nitrified liquor from the aerobic tank needs to be set to remove both to the anoxic tank nitrogen and phosphorus. • Well-proven technology worldwide 2 Sequential • Smaller footprint • High automation Batch • High-quality effluent • No energy production Reactor • Similar to extended aeration • Skilled manpower required (SBR) • Ability to handle shock loads. • Decantation mechanisms are patented • Efficient use of aeration system • The successful functioning of plants in India and worldwide 3 Moving Bed • Less space requirement • High media quantity requirement Biofilm • Long shut down period for plant Reactor maintenance (MBBR) • will not remove phosphorous biologically • limited experience in India for much higher capacity plants. 4 Membrane • Separate biological process • Low sludge production Bio-reactor • No tertiary treatment required • High capital & maintenance cost Source. FR- Constr. of New 375 MLD STP and upgradation of ass. Infra. January 2022. Prepared by Royal Haskoning DHV Consulting Pvt. Ltd. For AMC 4.4.2 Factors for Selection of Treatment Technology 4.4.2.1 Compliance to the NGT standards Treatment of the sewage to the quality prescribed by NGT which includes biological nutrient removal. Hence, there shall be improvement of the water quality of River Sabarmati. Also, proposed upgradation shall avoid nuisance to the public due to the potential odor from the STP. It is intended to adopt a treatment technology that should be sustainable and be capable of overcoming the above-mentioned constraints and requirements. In order to achieve the above, it has been decided to consider Suspended Growth systems such as A2O Process, and SBR. 4.4.2.2 Capital Cost The second most important criterion for selection of appropriate treatment technology is “Not entailing excessive cost� which implies that the financial cost should not be excessive in relation to the financial capability of the Sector concerned and to the discharge standards or environmental protection envisaged. 4.4.2.3 Less Footprint Requirement The third important criterion for selection of appropriate treatment technology is the minimum possible footprint requirement considering scarce land resources available in the city. 4.4.2.4 Ease in Operation & Maintenance and Lower Associated Cost The fourth important criterion for selection of appropriate treatment technology is the ease of operation and maintenance and lower associated cost. To operate and maintain a STP, appropriate technical and managerial expertise must be available. Due to the scarcity of qualified personnel in the field of wastewater treatment, operation and maintenance of the ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 109 technology should be trouble free. In addition, the operation and maintenance cost should be least possible to avoid excessive burden on the urban bodies. 4.4.2.5 Proven Track Record of Operation in Indian climate The selected treatment technology should have very good track record of operation, availability of expertise and spare parts in India. 4.5 Alternatives for pipeline from TSPS to 375 MLD STP A rising main of 2000 mm diameter is required to be laid from Vasna Terminal TSPS till proposed 375 MLD STP. The proposed alignment is required to cross Fathewadi canal. An over ground crossing is proposed at the Canal using a truss arrangement. An approval is required to be taken from Irrigation department. There are two existing rising mains which are crossing the canal using similar arrangement. Hence, no major difficulty in obtaining permissions, or civil works is envisaged. The proposed alignment is required to cross metro alignment. Though metro is over ground in this stretch and pipe shall be laid underground. AMC needs to take up approval process with metro department, as any project/ activity within 5m of metro lines shall apply for permit from metro. Three alignments were considered for this pipeline assessment of the same is as follows, Table 31 Alignment options for rising main from TSPS to 375 MLD STP Route No. Distance (Km) Salient features of the route Remarks Route 1 1.86Km • Sand storage area Though the alignment, to the extent possible passes underground, along the road and boundary wall and does not go through any private land some resistance is expected by locals. Route 2 1.98 km • Issues due to traffic Due to length passing under road, traffic diversion diversion will be required which will pressure on air quality and noise levels. Route 3 3.14 km • Involves resettlement Has R&R issues and the alignment is much longer than other two options. Figure 28 Option1 for rising main alignment ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 110 4.6 Recommendation ▪ As the SBR process is fully aerobic and will work as a perfect reactor which ensures 100% treatment, thereby there is no odor nuisance. It also gives excellent Treated Quality by Biological process alone to BOD5<10, TSS<10, Total Nitrogen (TN) <10, Total Phosphorus (TP)≤1for municipal sewage of medium to high strength without adding Chemicals. SBR with efficient sludge collection and management can be provided to achieve the desired NGT Discharge Norms. ▪ MBBR with Tertiary Treatment can be provided to achieve the desired NGT Discharge Norms (but difficult in case of P) consideration of disadvantages mentioned in Table 30 shall be made at design stage. ▪ MBR technology is good and generates high quality of effluent (5-7m years) but the capital cost and O & M cost is very high. Membrane life is also short, and membranes needs to be replaced after certain interval of time which has high periodic cost. ▪ Existing UASB can be upgraded by modifying its variants such as SAF, SBR, MBBR etc.; but the civil structural condition of the existing plant is poor ▪ Inlet chamber should be equipped with online sensor for managing the high variability in the inlet water quality. ▪ Piping and pump material should be of non-corrosive material. ▪ High Court of Gujarat has constituted a task force which is disconnecting all illegal industrial connections to sewers. To avoid the issue of such mixing, a holding tank is recommended with online monitoring of inlet sewage to avoid the failure of pump and treatment system. Since the proposed subproject will be built on a DBOT model, the contractor will finalise the design and update the ESIA and ESMP after assessment of final technology to ensure the desired standards. Though Feasibility Report suggests SBR as the best alternative, considering its high costs, it is suggested that DBOT Procurement be Technology Agnostic to explore all possible options as well – to focus on the Best Available Technology Option, taking into account environmental, social and economic considerations. SBR can be considered concerning the benefits regarding odour control, efficient sludge collection and biological process. This will help improve environmental quality of surrounding areas by reducing odour. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 111 5 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS AND IMPACTS 5.1 Proposed Subproject details as per Feasibility Report The existing 126 MLD capacity at Vasna (UASB based) is proposed for upgradation to 375 MLD capacity (including the flow from 35 MLD STP as well) under the G-ACRP project. This STP was built in the year 2002 and over the years, its functioning is deteriorated as evident from the quality of treated sewage, and many of the infrastructure is dilapidated. Details of the sub- project are provided in the section 1.3 of this report. FR has suggested 4 alternatives, (refer to section 4.4) for the proposed STP rehabilitation of which Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) technology has key advantages such as: ▪ Complete treatment in a single basin: Separate chambers are not required. ▪ Very Robust and Consistent performance for changing Influent Loads ▪ Excellent Treated Quality by Biological process alone to BOD5<10, TSS<10, Total Nitrogen (TN) <10, Total Phosphorus (TP)≤1for municipal sewage of medium to high strength without adding Chemicals. ▪ Lowest Footprint/ Land required ▪ Power savings at rated capacity and at lower organic and hydraulic loads with the help of DO control in SBR basin. ▪ Easy to operate the plant as the design provides for advancing the cycles for storm/heavy monsoon conditions too. ▪ Separation of Mixing and Aeration equipment for providing separate time zones for Aerobic and Anoxic Process to achieve Denitrification / Phosphorus reduction and BOD reduction and Nitrification respectively. ▪ As the SBR process is fully aerobic and will work as a perfect reactor which ensures 100% treatment, thereby there is no odor nuisance. Though Feasibility Report suggests SBR as the best alternative, considering its exorbitantly high costs, it is suggested that the DBOT Procurement be Technology Agnostic – to focus on the Best Available Technology Option to explore all possible options and in consideration of the environmental, social and economic considerations. 5.2 Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts of the Subproject The following list is an outline of the environmental and social impacts that are expected to occur: • Risks and Impacts on water quality of the river • Risks and Impacts on air quality • Noise pollution • Risks and Impacts on soil • Risks and Impacts on Biodiversity • Impact on socio-economic aspects of the surrounding community including impacts due to labor influx, community safety and increased GBV and SEA/SH risks • Potential impacts on health and safety • Impacts of discharge from STP on adjoining communities, especially during construction phase Usually, subprojects involve several interdependent facilities and activities mentioned above. The impacts of allied facilities may become relevant and will be identified during the detailed design stage and C-ESIA / C-ESMP will be newly prepared/updated then incorporating risks and impacts on these. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 112 This subproject is aimed at improving the environmental quality and overall quality of life of the city by improving the existing STP to ensure the latest standards/guidelines set as per regulations. Hence, the overall impact would be beneficial to the people of Ahmedabad and those downstream of the receiving waterbodies. Most of the risks will be limited and largely localized, temporary i.e., during the construction stage. 5.3 Impact Assessment Methodology The methodology to assess the impacts at the subproject level is presented here. Impacts are assessed based on Magnitude, Duration, Significance, and Likelihood of the impacts and Sensitivity of the receptors. 5.3.1 Magnitude and Duration of Impacts The assessment of magnitude is undertaken in two steps. Firstly, the key issues associated with the subproject are categorized as beneficial or adverse. Secondly, potential impacts shall be categorized as High, Average, Low, or negligible based on consideration of the parameters such as: • Temporal extent (duration) and the likelihood of the potential impact; • The spatial extent of the potential impact; • Reversibility of the Impact; • Likelihood of the impacts The magnitude of the potential impacts of the subproject is identified according to the categories outlined in Table 31. Table 32: Aspects for Determining the Magnitude of Impacts Aspects Magnitude Duration of Long term (more than Medium Term - Short Term - 1 to 2 years Temporary - with no the 20 years) The lifespan of the or less than the lifespan of detectable potential potential Program (5 years) the project impact impact The spatial Regional – much City - Beyond Site - Within project site Micro - A specific location extent of beyond project immediate Project boundary within the project the boundaries components, site component with no potential boundaries, or local detectable potential impact area impact Reversibility Irreversible - Potential Largely Reversible- Reversible - Baseline No change - Baseline of potential impact (including Potential impact returns Naturally or with remains constant impacts positive impact) is requires a year or so limited intervention effectively permanent, with some within a few months requiring considerable interventions to intervention to return return to baseline to baseline Likelihood Certain - Commonly Likely - Usually seen Occasional - Occurs under Unlikely to occur of potential occurs under typical occurring under most abnormal, exceptional, or impacts operating or situations emergency conditions occurring construction conditions 5.3.2 Sensitivity of Receptor The sensitivity of a receptor shall be determined based on a review of the population (including proximity/numbers/vulnerability) and the presence of features on the site or the surrounding area. The criteria for determining receptor sensitivity of the program’s potential impacts are outlined in Table 32. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 113 Table 33: Criteria for Determining Sensitivity Sensitivity Levels Description High The vulnerable receptor with little or no capacity to absorb proposed changes or minimal/limited opportunities for mitigation Medium The vulnerable receptor with some capacity to absorb proposed changes or moderate opportunities for mitigation Low The vulnerable receptor with good capacity to absorb proposed changes or/and good opportunities for mitigation Negligible Non-vulnerable receptor 5.3.3 Significance of the impact The significance of potential impacts is established using the impact significance matrix shown in Table 33 below. Table 34: Assessment of Significance of Negative and Positive Impacts Aspects Sensitivity/ Vulnerability/ Importance of Resource/ Receptor Low Medium High Magnitude of Negligible Negligible Negligible Minor Negative Impact Low Negligible Minor Moderate Medium Minor Moderate Major High Moderate Major Major Positive Impact Magnitude of Negligible Negligible Negligible Minor Low Negligible Minor Moderate Medium Minor Moderate Major High Moderate Major Major 5.3.4 Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts in Local Area 5.3.4.1 ESS 1: ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF E&S RISKS AND IMPACTS As all the proposed major structural interventions are within the STP or TSPS sites or their structures, no direct adverse impacts are envisaged on physiography or land use. Laying of the proposed rising main (around 2 km) may create temporary disturbances to people and traffic during the construction and maintenances stages, which could be managed through traffic diversions, information to communities, barricading and safety precautions (for communities and workers), and watch and ward in important areas. Proposed subproject involves civil, electromechanical and paint work requiring labour intensive works in odorous area near sewage/ waste water, and their stay at site for a period of about 4.5 years, treatment of sewage, along with new construction/ modifications required for technology upgradation, discharge of treated water and disposal of sludge and other wastes including large quantities of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes, use of resources such as water and power during construction, pollution generation from storage and handling of material, use of paints and other chemicals for construction and operation, transportation of raw materials, wastes and sludge, reuse of treated water for irrigation will pose risks and impacts. Work requires very detailed and clear sequential planning, scheduling as the existing operations shall not suffer during construction works. The activities will be labour intensive with risks of accidents such as working at heights, excavations, work in enclosed areas and activities near ponded sewage in large tanks. Impacts and risks are moderate and can be managed by following regulations, adopting best practices for similar projects, training of staff/manpower; and ensuring implementation of avoidance, monitoring, and implementation of mitigation measures. No direct adverse impacts are envisaged on communities including on the disadvantaged or vulnerable people. There may be indirect impacts on communities such as increased access to communities due to replacement of kuccha road by resurfaced pucca road, increase in labor due to ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 114 increased labor opportunities, movement of pedestrian due to road repairs and increased safety due to project related pedestrian movement, availability of lights during evening and nights, discharge from STP on adjoining communities, especially during construction phase, impacts due to labor influx including increased risk of GBV and SEA. Therefore, project will need to make extra efforts to reach out through stakeholder engagement and effective GRM, to the disadvantaged and vulnerable persons and groups to involve them in both preparation and implementation . There may be short term, small magnitude impacts and risks on land use, erosion, sedimentation and biodiversity due to works outside the STP campus, mainly laying of rising main, and outfall structures. The river is practically dry during most period of the year, and it is modified without any native riparian cover except invasive species. The risks and impacts of the proposed sludge management facility will also be assessed by AMC in line with WB ESF and applicable national, state regulations once the technology and location is finalised, considering it as an associated facility if applicable. The proposed subproject involves various activities during the construction and operation phases. The process of identifying potential impacts for each environmental parameter was carried out using quantitative and qualitative methods and will be used as the basis for determining the mitigation that must be carried out to minimize and prevent impacts. The potential environmental and social risks and impacts of the proposed project in the local area on water quality and quantity, air quality, soil, noise levels, and socioeconomic aspects of the area were assessed as part of ESS 1 and are as follows. Construction and Operation stage impacts and risks under each of applicable ESSs 5.3.4.2 ESS 2: LABOUR AND WORKING CONDITIONS AMC will contract agencies or DBOT contractor to design, undertake civil works, agencies/ firms to support core-functions; primary suppliers of material/equipment and other implementation support partners. These agencies contractors or consultants could be from anywhere in the country. Construction works will require labour force and associated goods and services. On the basis of contract sizes and the project implementation schedule, the construction workforce/ manpower has been estimated as 300 for proposed Vasna 375 MLD STP. These will be skilled and semi-skilled workforce of contractors who will stay in or near the site mostly (or in the city) for a construction period of 4.5 years These DBOT contractor (or usually subcontractors) set up their machinery and plants required at work site/ pre-determined and approved other sites in agreement with AMC. In addition, there will be suppliers, transporters of material and their labour who will float in and out of the site during the work period. Project shall comprise the following types of workers: 1. Direct workers: Direct workers will include the project managers and supervisors, who are employees of AMC. As per the structure of PIU and AMC drainage Department, the estimated number of direct workers is not likely to exceed 10. 2. Contracted workers: Entire work force deployed by the Contractors are considered as contracted workers. The Contractor(s) might further engage multiple subcontractors, whose work force engaged will also be contracted workers. As per the current work scenario in India and in Gujarat, these may also include Migrant workers Migrant Workers: The migrant workers are those who are employed for the subproject but does not belong to the Project region and are not normally expected to return to their places of residence after work hours. The number of migrant workers in any contract package, would depend on multiple reasons including preference of contractors/ subcontractors to source labour, worker unavailability in the area for the purpose, and lack of technical skills and capacity. The migrant workers could be at all levels and include ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 115 unskilled and semiskilled construction labour and may include male and women labour force. The migrant workers are either directly engaged by the contractor or through labour contractors, who supply the work force to as per the needs of the contractors. 3. Primary Supply Workers: No primary supplier or primary supply workers are anticipated as all goods and services essential to the core functions of the project shall be provided by the contractor as per the DBOT contract which will be agreed with AMC. 4. Community Workers: Community workers are not envisaged. Implementation of Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) for Disaster Management, will be supported by broader community involvement. For the existing STP operation, there are 54 total staff/ workers working in four shifts in the STP. There is no accommodation or arrangements of residing in the STP for STP staff and workers. Health and safety impacts on workers is expected during the construction period as STP will be in operation and construction of the new STP will be undertaken within the STP premises. There may be environment, occupational health and safety concerns. AMC/Design consultant have proposed a 3 months period for handholding and taking over and DBOT staff will do both STP operations and construction activities to reduce risks and integrating and streamlining the operations and construction activities within the premises simultaneously. Expected Negative Risks and Impacts With the high population density and the metropolitan nature of the city, it has many vehicles, industrial and commercial activities which results in various sources of urban air pollution in the city. The proposed subproject activities may potentially impact the air quality during construction, operations, and maintenance of sub-projects with the addition of construction vehicles, construction activities, use of machinery, and fuel combustion. In addition, the odor may emanate from STP processes/ release of gases, use of chemicals, sludge, and treated sewage and may impact the communities near STPs, pumping stations, and discharge points. The most significant Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) hazards associated with Construction of new STPs occur during the construction phase and include activities with moderate risk for workers if not managed adequately are listed below. These are applicable to workers/labors engaged in implementation of the subproject. Expected negative impacts and risks due to various components of the proposed subproject are as follows: Operation of Existing STP, Demolition of existing 126 MLD STP and Construction of new STP Safety issues like injuries/ accidents leading to injuries and or fatalities due to lack of PPEs, adequate safety precautions and non-compliance with SoPs. ▪ Working at heights on the top of STP (esp. when railing is absent (as in the Vasna 126 STP) or removed), falls from elevation associated with working with ladders, scaffolding, and partially built or demolished structures ▪ Removal of any large built structures, machinery or equipment and resultant over exertions and manual handling, potential fall of materials or tools, as well as ejection of solid particles from abrasive or other types of power tools which can result in injury to the head, eyes, and extremities. ▪ Use of heavy machinery, cranes, JCB, electrical equipment with non-compliance to safety procedure and SoPs for hazards like physical contact, spills, dust, emissions, and noise. Heavy equipment operators have limited fields of view close to their equipment and may not see pedestrians close to the vehicle. Center-articulated vehicles create a significant impact or crush hazard zone on the outboard side of a turn while moving. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 116 ▪ Slip and fall associated with poor housekeeping, such as excessive waste debris, loose construction materials, tools, liquid spills, and uncontrolled use of electrical cords and ropes on the ground ▪ Exposure to sludge, waste screenings, dust, during dismantling, fumes / burns from any chemicals, etc utilized in any of the structures/machinery. ▪ Safety issues like injuries/ accidents leading to injuries and or fatalities due to lack of PPEs, adequate safety precautions and noncompliance with SoPs. This includes health hazards of manual handling and masculo/skeletan disorders, hearing loss, heat stress, dermatitis etc. ▪ Working near impounded sewage and sludge/slurry as in STP tanks and biogas units with risk of fall/drown, odor nuisance, gaseous emissions (toxic gas inhalation), pathogenic agents ▪ Operation and maintenance of chlorine dosing system and chemicals and material storage ▪ Working in confined spaces, for example, during deepening of tanks; especially when water table is low. Confined spaces include: sewers, pipes, and access shafts, ditches and trenches ▪ Working with heavy machinery, including Thickener cum Dewatering machine (COTDM) feed sump, transformer, UV channel, Belt filter press, Construct MC3 (1 no.) consists of Transformer, Blower room, MCC Room etc. ▪ Working with electricity/ electrical installations, appurtenances ▪ Signages for proposed construction areas and operation areas to prevent access of restricted area by untrained labor/ workers. ▪ Addressing workers health and safety during removal of existing USAB reactors and sludge beds for construction of the new plant and maintenance activities. ▪ Mechanical cleaning of USAB reactors and any other place where sludge is accumulated will be recommended strongly and any manual cleaning should be strictly avoided to prevent health and safety issues for workers. Repair works at TSPS ▪ Safety issues like injuries/ accidents leading to injuries and or fatalities due to lack of PPEs, adequate safety precautions and non-compliance with SoPs. ▪ Working with heavy machinery, including Thickener cum Dewatering machine (COTDM) feed sump, transformer, UV channel, Belt filter press, Construct MC3 (1 no.) consists of Transformer, Blower room, MCC Room etc. ▪ Working with electricity/ electrical installations, appurtenances ▪ Working near Sewage/ Wastewater Solar Rooftop, Biogas plant ▪ Safety issues like injuries/ accidents leading to injuries and or fatalities due to lack of PPEs, adequate safety precautions and non-compliance with SoPs. ▪ Working near sludge tanks with risk of fall/ drown, odor nuisance, gaseous emissions (toxic gas inhalation), pathogenic agents ▪ Works near hazardous/ electronic/ electrical constituents, chords, appliances ▪ Multiple handling while collecting, transporting sludge which may have pathogens/ coliforms and working in biogas and sludge management facility with high moisture, temperature, pathogens ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 117 ▪ Generation, Storage and Disposal of end-of-life solar panels which contains hazardous constituents ▪ Handling of broken solar panels during repairs ▪ Lack of use of PPEs/ protection measures Construction of Rising main ▪ Safety issues like injuries/ accidents leading to injuries and or fatalities due to lack of PPEs, adequate safety precautions and non-compliance with SoPs. ▪ Working on elevated metro crossing, access road and canal crossing in the absence of permissions, approvals and procedure to be followed from concerned depts. ▪ All other common OHS hazards applicable to Construction as above. Construction of Outfall facility ▪ Safety issues like injuries/ accidents leading to injuries and or fatalities due to lack of PPEs, adequate safety precautions and non-compliance with SoPs. ▪ Working in confined spaces, for example, during deepening of tanks; especially when water table is low ▪ Use of heavy machinery/ heavy vehicles for filing, excavation etc. with requisite permissions and implementing SoPs for specific activity. ▪ Existing outfall to Sabarmati River will become insufficient with respect to 375 MLD capacity and therefore shall have to be abandoned. Outfall towards Fatehwadi canal is already closed by AMC and same shall continue unless there is consent for such disposal from GPCB. Labour camp ▪ Inadequate or lack of facilities and amenities at worker camp, including drinking water, sanitation, fuel, proper ventilation, crowding, lighting, etc. ▪ Safety and Security issues ▪ Lack of medical facilities for injuries, accidents, ill health and pandemic related facilities such as treatment, isolation, testing, medical care, sanitizing quarters, etc. ▪ Stray animals, snake and scorpion bites related aspects for health and safety. Common Risks & Impacts ▪ inadvertent or intentional trespassing, including potential contact with hazardous materials, contaminated soils and other environmental media, buildings that are vacant or under construction, or excavations and structures which may pose falling and entrapment hazards ▪ Using vehicles on public and project roads, resultant accidents/injuries ▪ Exposure to dust, noise (resulting in disturbances and hearing loss), the sun, heat and wet weather ▪ Working with hazardous materials such as chemicals (if in excess quantity), fuels, cement. ▪ Long term effects on life due to exposure to chemical /hazardous wastes ▪ Exposure to illnesses, communicable diseases, COVID-19 ▪ Exposure to mental or physical harassment, SEA/SH, and injury from interpersonal conflicts. ▪ Exposure to floods, earthquakes, and other natural and manmade disasters ▪ Considering the vegetation growth, snake or scorpion bite may occur during construction or operations. Presence of any other wildlife during any construction or demolition activities. ▪ Inadequate accommodation facilities and amenities at labour camps, including inadequate sanitation and health facilities at work site. ▪ Non-payment of wages and lack of compliance to mandatory labour related requirements ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 118 ▪ Discrimination in Employment (e.g., abrupt termination of the employment, working conditions, wages or benefits etc.) ▪ Sexual harassment at work ▪ Security of women work force ▪ Absence or inadequate or inaccessible emergency response system for rescue of labour/ workforce in situations of natural calamities. ▪ Health risks of labour relating to HIV/ AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases Other risks that would be applicable for all types of workers would be as follows: ▪ Unclear terms and conditions of employment ▪ Discrimination and denial of equal opportunity in hiring and promotions/incentives/training opportunities ▪ Denial for workers’ rights to form worker’s organizations ▪ Absence of a grievance mechanism for labour to seek redressal of their grievances/ issues Wastewater treatment facility operators may be exposed to physical, chemical, and biological hazards depending on the design of the facilities and the types of wastewater effluents managed. Examples of these hazards include the potential for trips and falls into tanks, confined space entries for maintenance operations, and inhalation of VOCs, bioaerosols, and methane, contact with pathogens and vectors, and use of potentially hazardous chemicals, including chlorine, sodium and calcium hypochlorite, and ammonia. Project workers are likely to be exposed to the above identified risks over the estimated 4.5 years of construction. Workers with low experience of working on large scale construction project are expected to be more vulnerable as their skillsets, experience and understanding of health and safety will probably be limited compared to the skilled workers who will have worked on similar projects and have sufficient training. However, the project site in the city of Ahmedabad with many health care facilities near the site. Here, services from emergency first-aid response to Quaternary care are available within 2 km distance. All engagement of laborers will follow the project level Labor Management Procedure (LMP). Child labor and forced labor will be prohibited. All workers will have access to project’s worker’s grievance redress mechanism (GRM). Area and site under AMC for labor camp within accessible distance from STP to be identified by DBOT contractor and necessary permission/ approval to be taken from AMC. Workers in the labor camp will need sanitary facilities such as toilets, washing areas, and sanitary waste disposal areas. Adequate and safe accommodation with proper ventilation, comfortable stay, sanitation, first aid facilities, water, fire safety, protection from weather conditions and extreme events, facilities including cooking and lighting is essential. Covid- 19 precautions for such camps to be planned and implemented. Each Contractor for each package will be expected to conduct a hazard and risk identification and create a risk register using the Hazard Identification, Risk Analysis, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method. The Risk Register will identify controls such as elimination, substitution, modification, and preventive and protective measures. OHS Risks of common construction activities during various work stages is presented in Annexure V. Positive Impacts The subproject will provide opportunities for workers and improve their economic and overall development. It will also give fillip to economy through its upstream - downstream linkages, especially, material procurement, job opportunities in the surround area by triggering the establishment of many small local shops, and service providers during construction period, some of which may continue after this period. Unskilled and semi-skilled labor work can be sourced from the squatter settlement as per ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 119 availability and willingness of labor. Women can also be hired for specific tasks from the squatter settlement. Since the settlement is nearby some women may be willing to work on-site as labor. It will also trigger improvement in working conditions (Use of safe work practices, Fire Safety and Disaster Management, awareness on the need to follow safe practices, health camps/ check-ups, covid appropriate behaviour, labour camp management and facilities), overall odor and air quality of the local area, thus influencing the work culture of the area positively and improving health of workers in this site and neighbouring STPs, and metro depot and other facilities. OHS Risk management strategies ▪ Training of workers in lifting and materials handling techniques including the placement of weight limits above which mechanical assists or two-person lifts are necessary ▪ Planning work site layout to minimize the need for manual transfer of heavy loads ▪ Selecting tools and designing workstations that reduce force requirements and holding times, and which promote improved postures, including, where applicable, user adjustable workstations ▪ Implementing administrative controls into work processes such as job rotations and rest or stretch breaks Implementing good house-keeping practices, such as the sorting and placing loose construction materials or demolition debris in established areas away from foot paths ▪ Cleaning up excessive waste debris and liquid spills regularly ▪ Locating electrical cords and ropes in common areas and marked corridors ▪ Use of slip retardant footwear If fall hazards exist, a fall protection plan should be in place ▪ Training and use of temporary fall prevention devices, such as rails or other barriers able to support a weight of 100 Kg, when working at heights equal or greater than two meters or at any height if the risk includes falling into operating machinery, into water or other liquid, into hazardous substances, or through an opening in a work surface ▪ Training and use of personal fall arrest systems, such as full body harnesses and energy absorbing lanyards able to support 2250 kg as well as fall rescue procedures to deal with workers whose fall has been successfully arrested. The tie in point of the fall arresting system should also be able to support 2250 kg ▪ Use of control zones and safety monitoring systems to warn workers of their proximity to fall hazard zones, as well as securing, marking, and labeling covers for openings in floors, roofs, or walking surfaces ▪ Using a designated and restricted waste drop or discharge zones, and/or a demarcated lift / chute for safe movement of wastes from upper to lower levels ▪ Conducting sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, chipping or chiseling with proper guards and anchoring as applicable ▪ Maintaining clear traffic ways to avoid driving of heavy equipment over loose scrap ▪ Use of temporary fall protection measures in scaffolds and out edges of elevated work surfaces, such as handrails and toe boards to prevent materials from being dislodged ▪ Evacuating work areas during blasting operations, and using blast mats or other means of deflection to minimize fly rock or ejection of demolition debris if work is conducted in proximity to people or structures ▪ Wearing appropriate PPE, such as safety glasses with side shields, face shields, hard hats, and safety shoes ▪ Planning and segregating the location of vehicle traffic, machine operation, and walking areas, and controlling vehicle traffic through the use of one-way traffic routes, establishment of speed limits, planning traffic movement with Local traffic Police Department, and on-site trained flag-people wearing high-visibility vests or outer clothing covering to direct traffic ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 120 ▪ Ensuring the visibility of personnel through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas, and training of workers to verify eye contact with equipment operators before approaching the operating vehicle ▪ Ensuring moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms ▪ Using inspected and well-maintained lifting devices that are appropriate for the load, such as cranes, and securing loads when lifting them to higher job-site elevations. ▪ Dust suppression techniques should be implemented, such as applying water or non- toxic chemicals to minimize dust from vehicle movements ▪ PPE, such as dusk masks, should be used where dust levels are excessive the use of excavation dewatering, sidewalls support, and slope gradient adjustments that eliminate or minimize the risk of collapse, entrapment, or drowning ▪ Providing safe means of access and egress from excavations, such as graded slopes, graded access route, or stairs and ladders ▪ Avoiding the operation of combustion equipment for prolonged periods inside excavations areas where other workers are required to enter unless the area is actively ventilated ▪ Use of specially trained personnel to identify and remove waste materials from tanks, vessels, processing equipment or contaminated materials (as in STP tanks, pumps) ▪ Use of specially trained personnel to identify and selectively remove potentially hazardous materials in building elements Prior to dismantling or demolition for example, insulation or structural elements containing asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), electrical components containing mercury ▪ Use of waste-specific PPE based on the results of an occupational health and safety assessment, including respirators, clothing/protective suits, gloves and eye protection ▪ Awareness and Use of PPEs while working with Solar panels ▪ Storage of end-of-life solar panels, without impact on communities ▪ Description of response activities for life and fire safety, in the event of a spill, release, emergencies, disasters especially floods ▪ Definition and implementation of permitted maintenance activities, such as hot work or confined space entries ▪ Provision of suitable personal protection equipment (PPE) (footwear, masks, protective clothing and goggles in appropriate areas), emergency eyewash and shower stations, ventilation systems, and sanitary facilities ▪ Monitoring and record-keeping activities, including audit procedures designed to verify and record the effectiveness of prevention and control of exposure to occupational hazards, and maintaining accident and incident investigation reports on file ▪ Fire resistant, noise-absorbing materials should be used for cladding on ceilings and walls of offices, rest areas on site ▪ Create safe refuges on site for people to gather safety in case of emergencies, shut down construction activities during heavy floods / disasters and wait for authority’s advice ▪ Provide required facilities on site and ensure livable conditions in labour camp if any: lighting, ventilation, safe structures, water, sanitation (with water supply), first aid, food/potable water, awareness and workers shall be well trained, and emergency contacts/support, and health checkups shall be arranged ▪ Proper design measures to prevent OHS impacts (example: on rotating moving, oscillating, other equipment) ▪ Leachate management from sludge, ventilation of Greenhouse facility and health checkup for workers ▪ L&FS Master Plan to be prepared, implemented ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 121 5.3.4.3 ESS 3: RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT Impact on Physiography Expected Negative Risks and Impacts As per current Feasibility Report the construction work will be minor, mainly within existing footprint and hence impacts are not expected on physiography. During detailed design stage, considering the lack of available space on site, it is important to see if any nearby site would be required/ used for material storage, demolition waste or setting up of labour camp. Site for material storage and labour camp shall be identified by DBOT contractor and get approval from AMC based on the quantum, duration and type of material required to be stored. Impacts will be accordingly analysed for such sites. Temperature increase and impacts on Micro-climate due to spread of solar panels for solar roof top on site is also a concern. Positive Impacts There will be no significant impact on physiography of the region due to the proposed subproject which is construction of new STP in the existing STP site. This is important considering the proximity of the site to River Sabarmati. Impact on Land/Geology Expected Negative Risks and Impacts Risks and impacts on land and geology will be limited to sourcing of construction material or related to disposal of demolition and construction waste, sludge and other wastes only. The civil works will require different materials such as earth, aggregate, boulders, and sand, in specified quantities and will be sourced from already operational and approved quarries and suppliers. There may be impacts on ground cover, and chances of contamination due to leachate/slurry/sludge in case of improper handling or spill if not properly collected and treated. Positive Impacts Overall positive impacts of the subproject include better resource efficiency in material sourcing; with less need for quarrying or sourcing materials as against the situation where entire STP is reconstructed. The various ‘resource efficacy’ considerations during design stage will include recycling and optimize usage of material, use of alternate energy, construction and other waste generated from rehabilitation activities and thereby reduce potential impact due to dumping (example: recycling and reuse of demolished materials in the C&D waste management facility of AMC, use of recycled products from the C&D waste management facility for proposed works). These will ensure overall minimal land impacts. In addition, all wastes will be managed in line with applicable regulations and best practices. Impact on Soil Expected Negative Risks and Impacts There will be minor impacts on soil due to rehabilitation and demolition works especially spillage of sewage, materials, oil, chemicals, and wastes generated including contaminated parts. There is also possibility of contamination of soil from leakage and spillage during handling and storage of fuels and chemicals. Existing components such as UASB reactors and sludge drying beds should be emptied and disinfected before demolition to prevent contamination and pollution of the soil. Existing sewage and sludge should be treated before disposal as per guidelines. During monitoring, if hazardous content is detected, sludge will be sent to TSDF. Contractor shall discuss with AMC the monitoring results & manage sludge as per Sludge & Waste Management plan. Sludge will be transferred to the biogas generation facility and gas will be generated following which the digested slurry, along with surplus sludge from any other part of STP will be transferred to the proposed proposed Sludge management facility of AMC where it will be treated and disposed following the consent conditions. Demolition of STP ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 122 ▪ Spillage of sewage, materials, oil, chemicals, and wastes generated due to ongoing STP operations, and proposed construction works ▪ Storing of debris, excavated material and dismantled machinery and equipment, in inappropriate manner, leading to soil contamination and pollution ▪ Contamination of soil due to C&D waste ▪ Contaminated land due to current use, to be de-contaminated for any other future use ▪ Existing components such as UASB reactors and sludge drying beds should be emptied and sewage treated, disinfected before demolition to prevent contamination and pollution of the soil Construction and operation of STP with biogas plant ▪ Spillage of sewage, materials, oil, chemicals, and wastes generated ▪ Contamination of soil due to solid waste disposal inappropriately, improper storage of construction materials, and goods. ▪ Excess chlorination may affect aquatic biota. ▪ Discharge of slurry or sludge from the facility and spillage into drainage channels or river Sabarmati may harm water and soil quality and thus biodiversity. Repair works at TSPS ▪ Spillage of sewage, materials, oil, chemicals, and wastes generated ▪ Contamination of soil due to solid waste disposal inappropriately, improper storage of construction materials and goods. Solar rooftop, Biogas ▪ Contractor should undertake the activity of maintenance of sludge drying beds during construction and operations. ▪ Leaching of sludge in soil ▪ Land/Soil contamination during maintenance and cleaning of panels, and storage of damaged solar panels used in solar roof top Construction of Rising main ▪ Underground nature of rising main will result in excavation and generation of top soil as waste. ▪ Works related to crossing of elevated metro line, Fatehwadi canal and access road may disturb soil ▪ Improper storage of materials and equipment required for construction leading resulting in soil contamination. Construction of Outfall facility ▪ C&D waste generated will affect the river sediment. ▪ Improper filing leading to disturbed flow in the river. Labour camp ▪ Contamination of soil due to inadequate facilities/amenities and unhygienic practices in labour camp Common Risks & Impacts ▪ Leakage/ leachate from storage of raw material and chemicals Positive Impacts Wastes generated from works will be sludge (around 24-25 TPD), screenings, dust, wastes (biodegradable and non-biodegradables, hazardous, e-wastes etc), nevertheless, all the construction debris needs to be stored well not to contaminate the soil and disposed of in a planned manner to ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 123 avoid adverse impacts on soil. Waste storage, storage area for construction material and labour camp shall be identified by DBOT contractor and get approval from AMC. In the current Feasibility Report, details on storage areas for various wastes are not available. Hence, during detailed design stage, considering the limited space on site, it is important to see if any nearby site would be used for material or waste storage or setting up of labour camp. Impacts will be accordingly analysed for such sites by DBOT contractor and updated in ESIA & ESMP. Impact of Material Handling and Waste Generation During construction and maintenance, it is important to manage construction and demolition wastes, e-wastes (as in electrical parts), hazardous wastes (as in asbestos of old pipes, sheets used), or chemicals. Expected Negative Risks and Impacts Demolition of STP ▪ Demolition activities for existing STP will be carried out and construction & demolition waste will be generated. Much of the waste will be contaminated, as it is part of an existing STP, which holds sewage. Quantities shall be estimated during detailed design by DBOT contractor; and decontamination and disposal shall be arranged as per Construction and Demolition Waste Rules, 2016. UASB reactors and sludge drying beds should be emptied and disinfected before new construction activities are undertaken in the area. ▪ Project interventions include substantial amount of electro-mechanical work such as providing standby generators, upgrading, removal and installing new electrical connections, machineries, decommissioning and commissioning of pump sets and other appurtenances, etc. These activities will generate significant amount of waste in terms of e-wastes, batteries, replaced metal and plastics parts and fixtures, packaging materials, empty containers, use and disposal of oil & grease, iron scrap, etc. some of which may be hazardous. There may be asbestos used in STP, or associated parts, as the STP was constructed more than a decade back. It is important to segregate and store all these materials on site in proper receptacles or demarcated areas, and collect, transport, recycle, and dispose as per Plastic/ E-waste/ Hazardous Waste Management Rules. Construction of STP ▪ During construction phase, construction materials will be stockpiled within the existing campus. This might leach into nearby environment through storm water, or wind and pollute the air, nearby buildings (as dust), water bodies or land. Operation of STP with biogas plant ▪ Waste screenings, bio and non-biodegradable wastes, sludge are the wastes generated during operation phase. This will also be pertinent during construction phase, as existing STP will be operating in one part of the site ▪ There can be chances of spillage while working on parts of STP proposed for demolition Repair works at TSPS ▪ During construction phase, construction materials will be stockpiled within the existing campus. This might leach into nearby environment through storm water, or wind and pollute the air, nearby buildings (as dust), water bodies or land. ▪ There is possibility of accidental flow of sewage while working in TSPS Construction of Rising main ▪ During construction phase, construction materials will be stockpiled within the existing campus. This might leach into nearby environment through storm water, or wind and pollute the air, nearby buildings (as dust), water bodies or land. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 124 ▪ There is possibility of accidental flow of sewage while connecting the rising main Biogas plant and Solar Rooftop ▪ Leachate and slurry ▪ Land/ Soil contamination during maintenance and cleaning of panels, and storage of damaged solar panels ▪ Damaged and End-of-life solar panels which contains hazardous constituents Labour camp ▪ Workers, especially migrants may reside in the area during peak construction period. It is important that the camp is not set up in Vasna STP premises. It is suggested that stay arrangements are made at least at a distance of 20m from existing STPs complex and 150m from river edge. Camp, from where it is easier to access the site preferably without crossing the road or using vehicular transport. It is recommended to arrange sanitary and solid waste management facilities at the labour colonies to avoid water and land pollution, odor issues and health impacts. There will also be an influx of labourers and other service providers into the project area. ▪ One of the areas which need close attention in this regard is the squatter settlement next door. It is essential that from the planning stage, sewage management and solid waste disposal facilities should be conceptualized to maintain the health of the people and the environment. ▪ Solid waste generated from the colonies during construction phase will be segregated and properly stored, collected, transited, treated and disposed as per Solid Wastes Management Rules, 2016, in AMCs existing facilities for bio and non-biodegradable wastes. ▪ Contractor shall arrange first aid box at site and shall arrange medical facilities, medical check-up/ camps to labour at site especially during accident/ emergency which is likely to generate bio-medical waste. Though the quantity is not expected to be significant, this needs to be channelised to Biomedical waste management facility at appropriate intervals to avoid indiscriminate dumping. Positive Impacts The project would also need to address the management of materials (such as construction materials, chemicals used for STP operations, fuels, paints etc.) solid (screenings, wastes, sludge, construction and demolition (C&D) wastes, e-waste from electro-mechanical equipment) and liquid waste (from construction activities, run-offs, waste water/ sewage from labour camp, leachate from sludge, treated sewage, accidental leakage of untreated sewage) generated during the construction and operation phases. Contractor will prepare management plans (OHS, CHS, Waste Management etc) and implement the same. Waste generation will be tremendous as the subproject is construction of a new STP under section I of 120 MLD, demolition of existing STP, and construction of remaining capacity, repairs at TSPS, construction of rising main etc. All wastes will be managed following National regulations and WB EHS: C&D wastes will be sent to the AMC C&D waste management facility where it is converted into useful products for recycling back for construction purposes; some of those will be used in the construction purposes and site development for this subproject thus ensuring resource efficiency. Screenings, plastics and wastes will be treated and disposed at AMCs solid waste management facility. Machines/equipment’s will be auctioned to authorised recyclers. E-waste including Solar panels will be sent to GPCB approved e-waste recyclers and all these requirements will be made part of DBOT contract. Site and material storage areas will be provided with cut off drains to collect and treat liquid wastes. Standards suggested by national guidelines for sludge quality and WB EHS will be followed. Sludge will be handled by AMC as per regulations. Sludge quality will be monitored and sent to AMC’s Sludge Management facility If it is non-hazardous, where it will be treated and disposed. Or else it ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 125 shall be used for permitted uses or landfilled / used as landfill cover as per National Regulations. If tested hazardous it shall be sent to the nearest appropriate Hazardous Waste TSDF for disposal following the Hazardous Waste Management Rules of Govt of India, 2016. Contractor will have the responsibility to store, test, transfer sludge for disposal appropriately based on the monitoring results & existing regulations, as agreed in writing with AMC. Impacts on Water Resources and Quality The proposed subproject is not expected to impact drainage pattern or water resources (ground or surface) largely. However, the proposed rising main will cross the Fatehwadi Canal through the top. The water for construction will be sourced from existing supply by AMC and as such requirement will be limited. However, use of water resources will be optimised before start of work through application of Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention techniques which will include optimal use planning, recycle and reuse option. Possible reuse of treated wastewater for construction after chlorination will be explored. The DBOT contractor will prepare project specific water use and water balance analysis based on detailed design and prepare an action plan for water conservation, recycling/ reuse, and management and submit to PIU for approval. No construction activity will be carried out on the river and hence physical changes on the river are not expected. Minimal disturbance to river is expected due to outfall construction. No water will be sourced from river or wells for construction as the site already has piped water supply from AMC which or through tankers will be sourced for construction works. Expected Negative Risks and Impacts Demolition of STP ▪ Bypass of untreated sewage during construction activities or emergencies ▪ Sediment (fine) in stormwater run-off into the river from in and around open/exposed work areas, roads Construction and operation of STP ▪ Possible flow of improperly stacked construction materials and its packaging into river ▪ Sediment (fine) in stormwater run-off from in and around open/exposed work areas, roads into the river. ▪ Sediment (fine and coarse) from soil disposal and stockpiles (in areas selected for stock piling & soil disposal) carried by stormwater run-off ▪ High pH suspended solids from cement storage and concrete batching areas ▪ Hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and nutrients, from spills, deliberate discharge, and poor storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials, fuels, and waste oils, including those that may induce pH changes. ▪ Mixing of sewage with flood waters Repair works at TSPS ▪ Possible flow of improperly stacked construction materials and packaging into river ▪ Sediment (fine) in stormwater run-off from in and around open/exposed work areas, roads into the river. ▪ High pH suspended solids from cement storage and concrete batching areas ▪ Hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and nutrients, from spills, deliberate discharge, and poor storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials, fuels, and waste oils, including those that may induce pH changes. ▪ Mixing of sewage with flood waters ▪ contamination from construction machinery in use near water bodies ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 126 Biogas plant ▪ Mixing of sludge with flood waters Construction of Rising main ▪ Sediment (fine) in stormwater run-off from in and around open/exposed work areas, roads into the river ▪ Contamination from construction machinery in use near water bodies Construction of Outfall facility ▪ works on outfalls or river edge strengthening, if any, may lead to erosion due to inappropriate implementation. ▪ Mixing of sewage with flood waters ▪ discharges and disturbance of soil and sediment that drain into surface waters ▪ Contamination from construction machinery in use near water bodies Labour camp ▪ Solid waste from littering and poor handling of waste in workplace, labour camps − Organic material, pathogenic bacteria and nutrients from poor siting and management of the Contractor’s sewage treatment facilities, including siting of septic tanks that could lead to seepage to rivers, ground water − Organic material, pathogenic bacteria and nutrients from untreated sewage from informal settlements, camp followers and open defecation affecting host villagers Common Property Resources Positive Impacts Positive Impacts on water quality include: • Minimal bypass of sewage without treatment • Better quality of treated sewage discharged into the river • Better ground water quality downstream for irrigation • No impact of mixing of sewage during floods • Proposed rehabilitation would improve the quality of treated sewage, by making it more suitable for recycling. Already, Irrigation Department was using treated sewage from Vasna 240 STPs through Fatehwadi Canal for irrigation purposes. Thus, good quality treated sewage will be available for irrigation and recycling for other uses on site after disinfection and improves water availability in the water scarce region, after GPCB amends the consent condition and agrees to dispose treated sewage in Fatehwadi Canal. The existing plant 126 MLD Plant was constructed based on UASB technology. The existing plant will be demolished entirely. Before dismantling the new plant, units will be constructed in empty project land in the existing boundary and sewage will be diverted to this newly constructed units to avoid diversion of untreated sewage directly into the river. Also, it is suggested that facility should have provision of secondary containment wherever required to avoid any spill to nearby areas. Reduction in Pollution Load on River Sabarmati due to Vasna 126 MLD STP upgradation Currently, the quality of treated effluent is suboptimal. AMC aims to achieve the stringent quality of treated effluent in its new STPs and those proposed under G-ACRP, and at the same time recycle and reuse of treated effluent would reduce the burden on fresh water resources ensuring their long-term sustainability 42 to ensure resource efficiency and reduce BOD load on receiving water bodies. Three scenarios are considered for evaluating the cumulative impacts on the water bodies: 42 FR, section on Provision of Sustainable Green Interventions ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 127 • Scenario 1: Strategy towards Decentralized Sewage Management - No STP Scenario: when there are no STPs to treat sewage generated in the zone, with all sewage going to toilets with/ without appropriate septic tanks. In this case, total diffused pollution load ultimately reaching Sabarmati, would be high mainly as the soil is alluvium. With increased draining through open disposal, disposal into canals, septic tanks, and soak pits leaching of polluted water to the river will be high and from multiple areas. This also increases chance of leaching of pollutants from land disposed pollutants. • Scenario 2: ‘As is’ scenario – No Project Alternative: If the existing STP continue to maintain same performance levels and standards. In this case pollutant levels will be high in Sabarmati. This will continue to impact agricultural users downstream, near riverside. • Scenario 3: STPs follows stringent discharge norms – Technology/ Capacity Upgradation of existing STPs: If the STP follows NGT norms and are well upgraded and maintained, as envisaged by G-ACRP the pollution load in Sabarmati will reduce. Better quality of treated water will be available for agriculture, and this will improve overall health of the region. Figure 29 Pollution Impact of the modelled Scenarios on Sabarmati River A graphical representation of the comparison of these three scenarios above is presented here in Figure 30. This graph shows that the subproject with increase in capacity to 375 MLD (from 126 + 35 MLD) can ensure around 70-80 percent reduction in BOD, SS, and TP pollution load due to this facility if implemented. Impact on Ambient Air Quality With the high population density and the metropolitan nature of the city, it has many vehicles, industrial and commercial activities which results in various sources of urban air pollution in the city. The proposed subproject activities may potentially impact the air quality during construction, operations, maintenance and decommissioning of units with the addition of construction vehicles, construction/decommissioning activities, use of machinery, and fuel combustion. In addition, the odor may emanate from STP processes/release of gases, use of chemicals, sludge, and treated sewage and may impact the communities near STPs, pumping stations, and discharge points. Expected Negative Risks and Impacts Air quality may be affected in the form of dust, particulate matter and gas emissions from exhausts. Dust emissions: Construction activities can give rise to dust emissions if not effectively managed and have the potential to affect receptors near to the main construction sites due to dust generated from demolition, excavation, operation of construction equipment and machinery, increased movement of ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 128 vehicles, on unpaved access roads. Since the proposal is for rehabilitation of existing STP, large scale earth works are not expected, and hence possible impacts of wind during night or inactive construction periods is not an issue. Dust mainly comes from the use of roads, cleared land in the work area, material stockpiling. Particulates (other than dust) and gas are emitted from vehicles, heavy machinery, diesel generators and asphalt processing sites for access road. The impact of air contaminants, such as dust, can disrupt local communities (deposition in water supplies and on buildings and other facilities), while it can also affect public health. The communities most at risk are those close to the main access road as this is most exposed to dust and vehicle emissions. The main mitigation measures are covered by the Environmental Management Plan and associated sub-plans and include the management of dust, exposed soil and material emissions; maintenance of vehicles and equipment to control emissions; avoid burning vegetation and trash; and managing a complaint and resolution service system. Average wind is 6-8 km/hr, but the dust impact due to demolition or on-site construction is less severe as the predominant wind direction is away from the settlements nearby. Gaseous emission during construction and operation of STP will be from machinery, equipment and vehicles used for material transportation. The operation of vehicles and equipment mostly with diesel fuel will result in emissions of carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen. The impact on air quality due to emissions from vehicles and plant will be in the areas immediate to the work area. There are multiple sources of pollution near around existing STP site. Generally, additional vehicle movements generated during the construction and operations will have the potential to influence local air quality at sensitive receptors located at close proximity to road and pollutant concentration is likely to reduce with increase distance from road. The impacts will therefore apply mostly to the squatter settlements next to the site boundary and access roads. Air emissions from wastewater treatment operations may include hydrogen sulfide, methane, ozone (in the case of ozone disinfection), volatile organic compounds (e.g., chloroform generated from chlorination activities and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial wastewater), gaseous or volatile chemicals used for disinfection processes (e.g., chlorine and ammonia), and bioaerosols. Odors from treatment facilities can also be a nuisance to workers and the surrounding community Impacts due to operational stage gaseous emissions and odor including H2S and SO4, CH4 etc. also would continue during construction stage. However, due to better facilities and performance such impacts ware expected to reduce when operations of the rehabilitated STP commences. Fugitive VOC emissions are associated with VOC-containing liquids or gases where the material is under pressure, exposed to a lower vapor pressure, or displaced from an enclosed space, tanks. Equipment leaks include valves, fittings, and elbows which are subject to leaks under pressure. Determination of the amount of exhaust emissions generated by heavy vehicles is calculated using the basis of emissions generated by trucks. Transportation during the operation phase is estimated to be carried out by 30 heavy diesel vehicles i.e., trucks per day. Emission coefficients for trucks from CPCB43. • CO = 1.5 g/km, • NOx = 3.5 g/km, • HC = 0.96 g/km • PM = 0.02 g/km Based on the emission coefficient and traffic density mentioned above, the number of emissions by transport vehicles, for each air quality parameter, is as follows: • CO = 0.045kg/day/km • NOx = 0.105kg/day/km • HC = 0.029kg/day/km • PM= 0.0006kg/day/km 43 https://cpcb.nic.in/vehicular-exhaust/ ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 129 The main access roads and construction sites had a moderate impact significance. Mitigation to reduce the risk of negative impacts from reducing air quality is described in ESMP. Demolition of STP Decommissioning activities may generate emission of fugitive dust caused by a combination of on-site excavation and movement of earth materials, contact of construction machinery with bare soil, and exposure of bare soil and soil piles to wind. A secondary source of emissions may include exhaust from diesel engines of earth moving equipment, as well as from open burning of cut vegetation and solid waste on-site. ▪ Dust & gaseous emission due to transportation ▪ Dust emission during demolition ▪ Release of noxious gases/chemicals during dismantling and demolition of machinery, equipment and structures of existing STP. Construction of STP ▪ Dust & gaseous emission due to transportation & machinery ▪ Issues and concerns to release of noxious gases/ chemicals during storage and commissioning of new units. ▪ Release of untreated sewage during construction activities Repair works at TSPS ▪ Dust & gaseous emission due to transportation & machinery Biogas plant ▪ Gaseous emission from sludge/slurry Construction of Rising main ▪ Dust & gaseous emission due to transportation & construction activities. Labour camp ▪ Dust & gaseous emission due to unhygienic practices in labour camp ▪ Improper ventilation and lack of separate and proper cooking facilities in the labour camp. Positive Impacts Access road improvement will help in reducing dust emissions. Odor emissions are expected to reduce considerably during operations with improvement in STP process and adoption of modern technology and replacement of existing machinery, which will reduce stagnation, wastes and sludge. Ambient Noise and Vibration Noise is a common problem in urban areas as compared to the villages because of the mechanization and more vehicles on the road. All types of noise altogether affect the same irrespective of the sources and cause headache to the high blood pressure and other heart diseases. Expected Negative Risks and Impacts The site is bounded on both north and south by STP sites; west by Gyaspur metro depot and south by the river. The area to the south of Vasna 126 STP to the south of the site is mixed use has a dense road network, and several sensitivities such as residential areas, hospitals, schools, religious buildings, etc. However, this area may not be significantly affected by rehabilitation works in the site. Most important receptor is the squatter settlements next to STP site and access roads. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 130 Sources of noise will be the demolition activities, ongoing operations of the STP, vehicles and equipment for construction at the project site. Noise levels will increase during the period of construction, and cumulative noise levels will tend to be higher especially due to nearby operations of the Metro Depot. Additionally, noise levels will increase on approach roads due to increased traffic. Noise can impact officials and workers on site and others who reach the site for supply of materials or equipment’s or other services; and those residing and working nearby. Such impacts can become significant if they are exposed to high noise for long hours continuously. The ambient air quality standards in respect of noise in different areas/ zones have been notified by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India vide ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000. The Schedule of ambient air quality standards in respect of noise notified in the above ‘Rules’ is reproduced below: Table 35: Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise Area Code Category of Area/Zone Limits in dB(A) Leq Day time Night-time (A) Industrial area 75 70 (B) Commercial area 65 55 (C) Residential area 55 45 (D) Silence Zone 50 40 The subproject noise sources consist of; land clearances, earthworks, demolition of some existing facilities, construction new structures, and vehicle movements along the access roads. Note: 1. Day time shall mean 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. 2. Night-time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00.a.m. 3. Silence zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silent zones are zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. 4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above-mentioned categories by the competent authority. 5. dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A, Leq being energy mean of the noise level over a specific period. Current noise levels at Vasna STP site are 60.63 dBA and 52.55 dBA respectively during day and night times. The operation of a motor vehicle/ truck that transports materials will contribute to a noise increase of ±70 dBA. The estimated noise in a residential area (squatter settlements along access/ boundary/ or in between STP boundary and Canal) within ±10 m from the main road through calculations with a single point spread is as follows: Ts1-Ts2 = 10 log r2/r1. Allowable further noise levels exposure for existing noise exposure of near around 60 dBA (rounded to nearest decibel) as per FTA manual is 57 dBA, which will produce combined level of 62 dBA. This is within the permissible noise levels for a mixed-use area with Metro depot, STPs etc. (if considered industrial limit is 75dBA, if considered commercial, it is 65dBA, considering squatter residences, this is 55dBA). Upto <61 dBA of combined noise impact exposure is considered no impact, while 61 to 66 is moderate impact and >66dBA is severe impact. Work activities which may generate continuous noise need to be curtailed. Impulsive or impact noise is not expected from proposed works. Permissible exposure in cases of continuous noise is presented in below. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 131 Total time of exposure (continuous short-term Sound pressure level in or a number of dBA exposures) per day, in hours 6 87 4 90 3 92 1½ 97 1 100 ¾ 102 ½ 105 ¼ 110 1. No exposure in excess of 110 dBA is to be permitted. 2. For any period of exposure falling in between any figure and the next higher or lower figure as indicated in column 1, the permissible sound pressure level is to be determined by extrapolation on a proportionate basis. Amount of Noise Level at 10 m from access road is 60 dBA, and from 30m is 55 dBA. Already truck carrying materials ply through this road, for operations and maintenance of STPs in the area, and to nearby mixed land uses. All machines operating in an area should produce noise within the acceptable level to maintain the well-being of people around. Adequate awareness / information shall be provided to all nearby communities and users on possible increase in noise levels. Tools and mechanisms which generate less noise shall be preferred, night-time restrictions on construction, Mufflers, screens and site buffers shall be engaged. Mitigation measures are presented in next Chapter on ESMP. Demolition of STP ▪ Noise emission due to use of heavy vehicles, demolition activities & machinery. ▪ Noise due to use of cutting and drilling equipment. Construction of STP ▪ Noise emission due to use of heavy vehicles, construction activities & machinery. Repair works at TSPS ▪ Noise emission due to use of heavy vehicles & machinery Construction of Rising main ▪ Noise emission due to use of heavy vehicles, excavation activities & machinery Construction of Outfall facility ▪ Noise emission due to use of heavy vehicles & machinery. Positive Impacts Replacement of old machinery and pumps as part of proposed activities will reduce noise emanating from STP operations. Vibration Expected Negative Risks and Impacts As per the Feasibility Report the subproject does not involve quarrying or blasting and hence, vibration impacts are limited: • to operation of vehicles along accesses only during work hours of the day • demolition & dismantling activities ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 132 • Installation of machinery (Thickener cum Dewatering machine (COTDM) feed sump, transformer, UV channel, Belt filter press, Construct MC3 (1 no.) consists of Transformer, Blower room, MCC Room etc.) • Vibration impacts of proposed rising main crossing under the Elevated metro track Demolition activities should not be using technical which might induce large vibrations, and Impact of Vibrations shall be studied as an essential part of Detailed design phase, due to proximity to Vasna Barrage and river edge. Vibrations will be monitored during construction activities, and the contractor will execute the complaint management service. The contractor is expected to develop a construction method or schedule for activities that generate noise in accordance with the results of monitoring the vibration level (exceeding the noise standard limit in residential areas) or complaints from the public. At this stage, quantity of material which need to be transported is unknown as design will be finalised aby design consultant. The contractor can estimate vibration impact based on quantity of material to be transported to arrive at impact magnitude. vibration generated by the dump truck operation on the main road is relatively small for the receptor distance of more than 7.62m. So, this will cause impacts on immediate row of houses along the access road. Feasibility reports presents the reconstruction and demolition activities expected at aerators, which are within 10m from the nearest sensitive receptor - the squatter settlement. The magnitude of the impact of the noise will decrease as the distance of the receptors gets further. Sensitive receptors (squatter settlement) are present immediate to the access road, but the impact is categorized as a minor negative impact with a low intensity because it is estimated that there will be a mobility of trucks of only 6 rotations/day considering the type of upgradation proposed. Vibration generated from the project activities will be very negligible and will not travel through the substratum as the soil is alluvial in nature. Positive Impacts Proposed surfacing of the access road will reduce road irregularities which in turn reduces vibrations due to all vehicle movements. Further, as the proposed rehabilitation would ensure stronger STP parts resistant to disasters like earthquake, vibrations in those elements will be further reduced. GHG Emissions and Climate Benefits of the Proposed Rehabilitation of Vasna 126 MLD STP44: Baseline emissions have been estimated for present year 2021. Further, two situations are examined. Situation A, which is Business as usual scenario for 2039, with no intervention for process and capacity augmentation at the STP, and Situation B, where the proposed Project Intervention has been implemented for the year 2039. Table 36 Carbon emissions from conveyance of sewage from TSPS Scenario G1 tCO2e/yr Baseline Scenario 2021 6108 Business-as-usual 2039 8164 Project intervention 2039 SBR 9159 Project intervention 2039 A2O 9159 Table 37 Carbon emissions from operation of STP Scenario GE2 tCO2ee/yr GCH41 tCO2ee/yr GN2O1 tCO2ee/yr G2 tCO2ee/yr Baseline Scenario 2021 1661 10803 21244 33708 Business-as-usual 2039 1715 43583 30739 76037 44 AMC, 10 Jan 2022. Feasibility Report for Rehabilitation of Vasna 126 MLD STP (Draft), prepared by RH-DHV, unpublished ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 133 Project intervention 2039 18594 8895 4477 31967 SBR Project intervention 2039 28102 8895 4477 41475 A2O Table 38 Carbon emissions from handling and disposal of sludge Scenario GD tCO2ee/yr GCH42 tCO2ee/yr GN2O2 tCO2ee/yr G3 tCO2ee/yr Baseline Scenario 2021 2 119 105 226 Business-as-usual 2039 4 312 276 593 Project intervention 23 276 0 299 2039 SBR/A2O Table 39 Comparative Analysis of GHG emissions Scenario G1 tCO2e/yr G2 tCO2e/yr G3 tCO2ee/yr G tCO2ee/yr Baseline Scenario 2021 6108 33708 226 40042 Business-as-usual 2039 8164 76037 593 84794 Project intervention 9159 31967 299 41426 2039 SBR Project intervention 9159 41475 299 50933 2039 A2O In a business-as-usual scenario, where the plant is not upgraded, the carbon emissions due to methane from treated and untreated wastewater alone would be 43,583tCO2e/yr. With the proposed technologies, carbon emissions would reduce to 8,895 tCO2e/yr from the biological treatment alone. The carbon emissions due nitrous oxide would also reduce from 30,739 tCO2e/yr to 4,477tCO2e/yr through the biological treatment process. In a project intervention scenario, Although the quantum of wastewater treated would increase in the design year, 2039, it would only result in increased GHG emissions from use of electricity at TSPS as well as STP, and increased sludge quantum and subsequent transport of dried sludge to BARC plant. However, the methane and nitrous emissions from treatment of wastewater and disposal of sludge would significantly be reduced due to improved methane correction factors in the proposed technologies. Furthermore, project intervention would ensure that there is no discharge of untreated sewage into the water bodies, thus reducing emissions from untreated wastewater discharged into the water bodies. Through the project intervention, 41,449 tCO2e/yr of GHG emissions can be saved on an average. Increased plantation will aid in carbon sequestrations. The proposed STP has a green belt around the plant with minimum of 30% - 33% of area devoted to tree plantations. The internal roads shall have plantation. With this increased tree cover, 2783 tCO2e/yr of emissions can be reduced. Pollution Risk management strategies and encourage Resource Efficiency • Follow the discharge standards based on NGT suggested and additional parameters and limits suggested in this ESIA, which is more stringent than the existing (EP Rules, 1986) standards which is suggested by WB EHS and considering the intended use of receiving water body • To minimise pollution issues due to suboptimally treated sewage (at site, discharge points, Fatehwadi Canal), existing STP functions to be improved to treat sewage minimum as per current consent norms during construction period • For reuse for agriculture, consent shall be sought from GPCB, and standards shall be fine- tuned based on additional study through Agricultural University based on the CPCB guidance on reuse of treated water for irrigation (and preparation of irrigation ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 134 Management Plan) considering the stakeholders views, requirements, and quality, quantity aspects • The construction and related activities should be done in phase wise manner to enable the sewage to be treated in existing or upcoming units and prevent release of untreated sewage in the Sabarmati river. • Demolished STP will have contaminated C&D and other wastes (due to sewage), and the contaminated area shall be well restored, after testing for contaminants and pathogens. Cost for this shall be included in FR/Detailed estimate • Store materials wastes and chemicals away from flood prone areas, or elevate such areas, and provide cut off drains • Various wastewater streams are segregated; and it is suggested to install sensors to be alert on industrial pollution ingress • Prevent or reduce wastewater pollution through such measures as recycle/reuse within their facility, process modification • Open burning of solid wastes, whether hazardous or non-hazardous should be avoided, as the generation of polluting emissions from this type of source cannot be controlled effectively • Reduce, Recycle, Reuse C&D and other wastes • Pollution impacts of Solar panels is important, and storage, handling and disposal shall be clearly agreed. No panel shall be found stacked on site without adequate protection to prevent pollution • Get permits for plants from GPCB under Air Act, and follow consent conditions • Implementing a leak detection and repair (LDAR) program that controls fugitive emissions by regularly monitoring to detect leaks, and implementing repairs within a predefined time period • Use of dust control methods, such as covers, water suppression, or increased moisture content for open materials storage piles, or controls, including air extraction and treatment through a baghouse or cyclone for material handling sources, such as conveyors and bins • Use of water suppression for control of loose materials on paved or unpaved road surfaces • Implement recommended engine maintenance programs • Drivers should be provided awareness on the benefits of driving practices that reduce both the risk of accidents and fuel consumption, including measured acceleration and driving within safe speed limits • Vibration impacts of proposed trunk main crossing the elevated metro track shall be studied, and mitigation measures shall be included in design • Enhancement of energy efficiency measures • Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases (such a green belts) • Limitation and/ or reduction of methane emissions through recovery and use in waste management, using better technology such as SBR • Implement air, water, soil, biodiversity Monitoring program during construction (including project roads, and on site) and operations • Replace old equipment, machines, pumps and electrical installations • Use LED bulbs, fans/ star rated pumps/ equipment • Use Solar energy as Solar lighting/ use of solar energy as much as feasible (provided disposal of panels at TSDF is arranged, proper storage and use of PPEs while working with damaged panels are ensured) • Energy saving fitting (LED lighting) and equipment, motors are fitted with variable frequency drive (VFD) ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 135 • Ensure sewer system capacity • Contaminated water, leachate, rejects shall be channelled back to the treatment units • NO reuse to be permitted before chlorination • Sludge to be stored, disposed in hazardous facility and in compliance with local regulatory requirements, if tested so; else to be sent to BARC facility • Use or handling of hazardous material, including asbestos to be avoided • Training of operators on release prevention, including drills specific to hazardous materials as part of emergency preparedness response training • Implementation of inspection programs to maintain the mechanical integrity and operability of pressure vessels, tanks, piping systems, relief and vent valve systems, containment infrastructure, emergency shutdown systems, controls and pumps, and associated process equipment • Preparation of written Standard Operating Procedures for safe transfer and filling of the hazardous material, and in spill prevention and response • SOPs for the management of secondary containment structures, specifically the removal of any accumulated fluid, such as rainfall • Identification of locations of hazardous materials and associated activities on an emergency plan site map • Documentation of availability of specific personal protective equipment and training needed to respond to an emergency • Documentation of availability of spill response equipment sufficient to handle at least initial stages of a spill and a list of external resources for equipment and personnel, if necessary, to supplement internal resources • Description of response activities for life and fire safety, in the event of a spill, release, emergencies, disasters especially floods • Select equipment with lower sound power levels, use silencers, mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor components, acoustic enclosures (minimum surface density of 10 kg/m2) to prevent noise impacts from sensitive receptors • Re-locating noise sources to less-sensitive areas to take advantage of distance and shielding and Siting permanent facilities away from community areas if possible, or taking advantage of the natural topography as a noise buffer during facility design · Reducing project traffic routing through community areas wherever possible • Green belts to reduce air/ odor pollution impacts 5.3.4.4 ESS 4: COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY Health safety and security risks and impacts on project affected communities especially on vulnerable people are important. Expected Negative Risks and Impacts Though work activities would happen on existing STP site; squatters are settled near the site boundary and access roads. The subproject construction works would involve labour, transportation through access roads and handling of material, civil construction and machinery replacement and installation works, and such activities may directly or indirectly impact the community. Engagement of labour for project work and their stay near the site for a period of about 4.5 years, will increase the risks of crimes including gender-based violence. Waste generation from labour camps/colony if not handled properly, will pollute the water resources used by community for drinking leading to health impacts. Migratory workforce may bring in infectious diseases not known to area. There can be risks due to COVID 19 in the present circumstances. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 136 Traffic in nearby roads may be affected by increased movement of traffic which in turn places the community at the risk of increased noise, air emissions, and accidents. Traffic and Transport: Increased traffic inconvenience (emissions, congestions, longer travel times, blockage of access), especially the approach road connecting the STP also is a connecting road from NH 64 to the nearby areas. Similarly, civil construction and other works will lead to pollution especially possible emergency situation to bypass sewage, air emissions and noise generation. Contaminated Construction debris, sludge and other contaminated wastes from operations, hazardous and e-wastes if not disposed properly have the potential of impacting the communities. Initially the current STP site was demarcated as sewage farm, and as the city grew nearby communities have come up long after the establishment of the STPs at Vasna. Vasna has thus become a mixed-use hub to south of the city, where many public infrastructures such as STPs and Metro Depot also exist near to formal residential estates, commercial areas, hospitals, schools and squatter settlements. This STP is surrounded by other STPs, and access roads, with minimal impact on communities in formal residential areas, but the squatter settlement near the STP will face health and safety impacts. Possible impacts on health and safety of the nearby communities include: During Demolition of STP • Odor nuisance, gaseous and particulate emissions, pathogenic agents • Noise and vibration due to movement of heavy machinery and construction materials • Possible spill of chemicals, sludge as they are taken through nearby roads or from the sites • Exposure to dust, noise (vehicular movement on Kuccha access road, construction works, machinery during construction, operations, generators), the sun, heat and wet weather During Construction of STP • Odor nuisance, gaseous and particulate emissions, pathogenic agents • Noise and vibration due to movement of heavy machinery and construction materials • Possible spill of chemicals, sludge as they are taken through nearby roads or from the sites • Working with electricity/ electrical installations, appurtenances • Exposure to dust, noise (vehicular movement on Kuccha access road, construction works, machinery during construction, operations, generators), the sun, heat and wet weather • Impacts of discharge from STP on adjoining communities, especially during construction phase. • Adverse social impacts on adjacent communities and squatters (e.g. security of women and girls due to labor influx) • Improper storage of construction material and demolition waste: This will be a cumulative effect of poorly managed construction material and construction activities which will affect working areas and managing of materials and waste on site. • Unanticipated risks to the downstream communities in case of release of untreated sewage from STPs during construction or disruption of bypass. • Traffic disruption or congestion due to movement of heavy vehicles for project related activities. Repair works at TSPS • Noise and vibration due to movement of heavy machinery and construction materials • Working with electricity/ electrical installations, appurtenances Biogas plant ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 137 • Odor nuisance, gaseous and particulate emissions, pathogenic agents • Exposure to sludge, waste screenings if not managed properly • Fire hazard due to any emergency Construction of Rising main • Noise and vibration due to movement of heavy machinery and construction materials • Exposure to dust, noise (access road repairs and upgradation, vehicular movement, construction works, machinery during construction, operations, generators), the sun, heat and wet weather. • Pedestrian-vehicular conflict, restriction of use of right of way along the Juhapura road, and approach road to STPs during rising main construction • Flooding issues while the crossing is under construction Labour camp • Odor nuisance, pathogenic agents • Improper sanitation and washing facilities leading to odor nuisance and unhygienic conditions. • Lack of facilities at work site and worker camp, pushing workers to use common areas / facilities and resources Operation of STP • Working with electricity/ electrical installations, appurtenances Common Risks & Impacts • Using vehicles on public and project roads, accident risks • Possible exposure to illnesses, communicable diseases, COVID-19 • Exposure to mental or physical harassment, SEA/SH, and injury from interpersonal conflicts with workers/ operators • Impacts of flooding in subproject premises or earthquakes, and other natural and manmade disasters Positive Impacts Proposed improvements to STP will ensure safer and disaster resilient infrastructure which will have overall positive impacts on community health and safety especially during disasters. Proposed surfacing of access road to site will also reduce long term dust emissions, vibrations and accidents. Disasters (including Fire), Flooding and Dam Safety Temporary flooding may happen during monsoons in the site. As water table is high along the river edge, excavations may be difficult and safety precautions shall be adopted. It is important to have Disaster Management Plan and Emergency Preparedness Action Plan to deal with disasters, emergencies in case of natural or man-made disasters including Fire, and Dam Safety Considerations given the presence of Vasna Barrage 3 km upstream of the site. These impacts are also applicable to TSPS, rising mains, outfalls etc. Hydrological and flood assessment including a study on Dam Break Analysis & Flooding Stimulation, preparation of inundation maps and emergency action plan for Vasna Barrage has been carried out and its results have to be considered in design of the facility, construction and operations, and emergency response plans appropriately considering community and worker health and safety and pollution impacts specifically during emergencies and climate events. The output of the study will be incorporated in the final design of the project and for updaring CESIA, CESMP. DMP with essential actions and organisational structure is presented in Chapter 6 on ESMP. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 138 CHS Risk management strategies • Assess flood risks and incorporate management/ mitigation mechanisms in designs, prepare Emergency Preparedness Action Plan • Work scheduling taking into considerate floods (STP site, rising main across Fatehwadi canal, TSPSs), improvement to access road proposed as part of Vasna 240 MLD plant rehabilitation etc, to reduce health and safety impacts • Include TSPSs, outfalls and allied infrastructure in the proposed flood risk assessment study and include EAP and mitigation measures in design. To be assessed in C-ESIA & mitigation measures if required and included in C-ESMP. • Restricting access to the site, through a combination of institutional and administrative controls, with a focus on high-risk structures or areas depending on site-specific situations, including fencing, signage, and communication of risks to the local community • Removing hazardous conditions on construction sites that cannot be controlled affectively with site access restrictions such as covering openings to small, confined spaces, ensuring means of escape for larger openings such as trenches or excavations, or locked storage of hazardous materials • Education and awareness-raising on CHS, and the adoption of procedures for safe use roads • Use of specially trained personnel to identify and remove waste materials from tanks, vessels, processing equipment or contaminated land as a first step in decommissioning activities to allow for safe excavation, construction, dismantling or demolition • Use of specially trained personnel to identify and selectively remove potentially hazardous materials in building elements • Prior to dismantling or demolition including, for example, insulation or structural elements containing asbestos and • Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), electrical components containing mercury • Recommendations for the prevention and control of communicable and vector-borne diseases • Use of waste-specific PPE respirators, dust masks, clothing/protective suits, gloves and eye protection, information and awareness to communities adopt safe practices such as closure of windows and doors in case of dust emissions • Surfacing of roads used for transport to site, and dust suppression techniques should be implemented, such as applying water or non-toxic chemicals to minimize dust from vehicle movements. • Include SEA/SH GRM in the project GRM. 5.3.4.5 ESS 5: LAND ACQUISITION, RESTRICTIONS ON LAND USE AND INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT There are few STPs in the Vasna within 100 to 250 m, such as the 35 MLD, 48 MLD, 126 MLD etc. At the time of development of these STPs, there were no settlements, adjoining or near STPs. Since then, some temporary squatter settlements have come up alongside the Fatehwadi canal and kuccha access road near 126 MLD STP and 240 MLD STP. The squatters’ settlement is not a notified slum and consists of kuccha or makeshift arrangements. The inhabitants are migrants (seasonal and permanent). Based on google images and site visit it is estimated that 600 to 700 structures are locate in the squatter settlement. There is also residential area near 126 STP comprising largely of informal and formal families living in Juhapura area which is marked by lack of public infrastructure facilities and amenities such as roads, street lighting, drainage, etc. The area is accessed by a separate kuccha access road from the Fatehwadi canal road, which is proposed to be repaired and upgraded. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 139 The proposed capacity augmentation and up-gradation of technology is proposed to be carried out within the existing STP boundary. The land belongs to the Ahmedabad Municipality as per the land records. Land acquisition is not envisaged for the proposed project. Displacement and resettlement issues are not envisaged for the subproject development as all activities will be carried out within the project boundary. There are no families living within the STP premises. There will be no restriction of access for squatters during construction or operation. Kuccha access road repair and upgradation is proposed to be included in sub project implementation to enable smooth movements of vehicle, reduce dust and air emissions and reduce community health and safety risks. Squatter settlement will not be impacted as existing kuccha road width will be maintained and no additional land will be acquired. There will be no impact on the access to burial grounds or the church as access road from Fatehwadi canal road to STPs (150 m length and 8 m width) will only be repaired and upgraded. Public infrastructure services shall be provided through government schemes and programs. Loss of livelihood is also not anticipated as there are no livelihood related activities currently being undertaken within project boundary. Labour currently employed by contractors may be accommodated in the construction activities as per local labour requirement. Local labour will be hired and will be given preference during construction activities by the contractors. After DPR finalization, the ESIA and screening to be reviewed to include any such impacts, if additional land requirements is envisaged, AMC will prepare and implement RAP following the methodologies and principles described in the RPF. 5.3.4.6 ESS6: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF LIVING NATURAL RESOURCES As explained in section 3.4.5 Ecology and Biodiversity, it was observed that the entire stretch of Sabarmati is infested with the Pistia sp. and Eichhornia crassipes which has altered the natural habitat. Sabarmati River stretch is a modified habitat as the water is being sourced from Narmada canal and stored at the river front stretch using the shutters of the Vasna Barrage. The riparian zone of the Sabarmati is converted into the riverfront in the Ahmedabad city. The region around is heavily industrialised, and fast converting into urban land uses, with pollutants reaching the already dry river. However, Hon’ble NGT has constituted River Rejuvenation Committee which has initiated the process of river rejuvenation, but curtailing pollution, monitoring e-flow, undertaking plantations etc, through various stakeholder departments. No tree cutting is envisaged on STP site, as per FR as construction occurs within footprint and site of existing STP. Trees majorly include Peltophorum pterocarpum and Azadirecta indica which is planted at the periphery of the site and along the internal roads. There are around 200 trees of various ages. Periphery of the plant area is planned as green belt in the proposed layout as provided in the FR. List of Flora and Fauna in and near the site are attached as Annexure III. No RET species were observed in the study area. However, The subproject intends interventions to improve the discharge quality and will thereby improve the biodiversity in or near the site and in the river and the region downstream of the discharge point., thus supporting overall biodiversity improvement. Expected Negative Risks and Impacts During Demolition of STP & During Construction and operation of STP including biogas plant • In case of increased level of noise and vibration, faunal species will leave site. Noise above 60 dB has been reported to interfere with songbird mating call. Dust may settle on the leaves of the surrounding flora and may interfere with biological processes. The dust will also disturb the faunal species. Air Pollutants may interfere with biological processes of plants. It may also irritate the faunal species. Dumping of waste into the waterbodies may impact the biological process of macrophytes and aquatic fauna. It may alter the composition of macrophyte by interfering in nutrient cycle. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 140 • For the proposed sub-project of upgradation of existing STP, tree cutting may be required based on the design. There are a large number of trees within the premises of the existing plant. • Excess chlorination may affect aquatic biota, and downstream water users. • Discharge of slurry from the facility and spillage into drainage channels or river Sabarmati may harm water quality and thus biodiversity. Repair works at TSPS • In case of increased level of noise and vibration, faunal species will leave site. Noise above 60 dB has been reported to interfere with songbird mating call. Dust may settle on the leaves of the surrounding flora and may interfere with biological processes. The dust will also disturb the faunal species. Air Pollutants may interfere with biological processes of plants. It may also irritate the faunal species. Dumping of waste into the waterbodies may impact the biological process of macrophytes and aquatic fauna. It may alter the composition of macrophyte by interfering in nutrient cycle. Construction of Rising main • In case of increased level of noise and vibration, faunal species will leave site. Noise above 60 dB has been reported to interfere with songbird mating call. Dust may settle on the leaves of the surrounding flora and may interfere with biological processes. The dust will also disturb the faunal species. Air Pollutants may interfere with biological processes of plants. It may also irritate the faunal species. Dumping of waste into the waterbodies may impact the biological process of macrophytes and aquatic fauna. It may alter the composition of macrophyte by interfering in nutrient cycle. • Tree cutting may/may not be required for the final alignment. DBOT contractor shall ensure that the minimum trees shall be felled during the construction. Biogas plant &Solar rooftop • Impacts on Micro-climate due to solar panels on roofs, especially in relation to reflectance and disturbance to fauna / flora. Construction of Outfall facility • Temporary discomfort to the aquatic biodiversity due to construction activities The Design Build Operate Transfer (DBOT) model is proposed to be implemented and Based on the finalization of the design and components, at a later stage, it may be required to cut some trees and clearing of the shrubs. Tree counting will be done after finalization of DPR for estimation of trees required to be cut. Tree cutting will be done as per The Saurashtra Tree Felling Act, 1951 and permission from AMC/ and/ or Forest Department (as applicable) shall be obtained for the same45. Measures to protect old trees will be considered during designing of the project. Clearing of shrubs will not have any impact on natural vegetation of the region. The proposed project may also require tree planting based on the number of trees cut. Positive Impacts It is expected that improvement of Vasna 126 STP to match the discharge quality standards suggested by NGT will reduce prevailing BOD, COD, N, P, load from the river which will have overall cumulative positive impacts on the water quality, biodiversity (if discharged into Sabarmati) and downstream users. 45 https://forests.gujarat.gov.in/writereaddata/images/pdf/ease-of-doing-business.pdf ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 141 Since the proposed subproject involves construction, rehabilitation and demolition of existing STP which will be carried out within the site, impacts on flora and fauna of the site will be minimal and mainly during construction period. 5.3.4.7 ESS 8: CULTURAL HERITAGE Proposes activities take place in existing STP premises, surrounded mainly by other STPs, Gyaspur Metro Station and the river. There are no cultural heritage assets (tangible or intangible) in nearby areas. Local congregation areas, party plots, parks, open spaces outside the boundary will not be used for any related activity including material storage, labour camp or parking. This will be further confirmed during Detailed Design Stage and impacts shall be discussed, while updating the ESIA. Chance find procedures shall be included in ESMP. 5.3.4.8 ESS9: FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES Not Applicable 5.3.4.9 ESS10: STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE Socio-economic: The existing STP site is surrounded by other STPs at Vasna, Gyaspur Metro Depot. And Sabarmati. Proposed infrastructure developments may have an impact on the immediate residents near STP Vasna – squatters along the approach road mainly during construction stage. Consultations were carried out for the preparation of the draft ESIA report and the draft ESMF and SEP. Stakeholder consultation is a dynamic process and consultations will be carried out during the life cycle of the G-ACRP project. Public Consultation was carried out in June 2022 for disclosure of ESIA and ESMP. Consultations have been carried out with various stakeholders including squatter settlement inhabitants, STP operators, AMC officials during preparation of ESIA for sub project and SEP for G- ACRP project. Consultations will also be carried out during the project cycle. The summary of consultations is given below: • Squatter households do not have access to municipal services. Mostly practice open defecation near highway or forest areas and other areas which are accessible to them. • Squatter settlement did not have any specific issues related to upgradation and have experienced odor issues maybe a couple of times. They have informed the security personnel at the STP gate to report the issue to the STP officials. • Issues related safety and security of workers are neglected by contractors at field level due to absence of monitoring mechanism. • Construction workers need to be provided with better civic amenities at construction sites to prevent open defecation, prevent unsanitary and unhygienic conditions in the project site and labour camp and avoid potential conflict due to open defecation. • There could be several settlements which are on encroached land or houses are on the sewerage drains. These will not be impacted due to sub project activities as the drains are located towards the middle of the roads and hutments are located on the pavements. Some of the slums in the city have issue of mixing of drinking water with drain water. • In periphery slums individual connection of sewer lines is a problem. They have mostly soak pits. • Solid waste is collected but not recycled. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 142 • Vulnerable groups do not have access to the GRM of AMC as they are not conversant with online GRM of AMC. During sub project implementation, GRM details will be displayed at site and consultations will be carried out regularly. • Bare minimum space requirements necessary for undertaking works are difficult to arrange and management especially if there are no alternatives. • There is non-cooperation from localities where rehabilitation of sewer lines or MT works are undertaken and workspace is constantly challenged. • Health issues in some workers working in STP. Issues related to odor. • All policies and compliances are included in RPF and tender document • Women are not very willing to work at the STP due to travel time, remoteness of site etc. • Issues related to STP include, old equipment, weathering of machinery and equipment. Need to assess if modification to existing features and equipment can result in better performance of the machinery and equipment. • There are instances of influx of heavy chemical water into the sewage which may impact the durability of the structure and equipment. • The water is received from Fatehwadi canal and Sabarmati River is not of good quality as its not properly treated in the STP. Villagers do not prefer to use Sabarmati water as it is not good for any use. • The villagers use borewell and tube well water for drinking and farming. • They expect to receive the water from NMC. • There were health issues in some villages and other villages there were no health issues with respect to water. • Many industries have adopted reverse boring practices and it has completely deteriorated the ground water quality. Even borewell water colour is red many times. This caused skin diseases. Even the crops are damaged • Agricultural land is 100m-150m away from banks of Sabarmati River and has started hardening and non-productive. RWH is option that seems to feasible in now-a-days. The sub-project will implement the project level SEP to engage with relevant stakeholders, including the poor and vulnerable groups. Any grievances regarding the sub-project activities will be processed through the project level GRM as specified in the SEP. AMC will conduct awareness campaign to inform the settlement dwellers about the GRM. 5.4 Cumulative Impacts The cumulative impacts in the region will be mainly due to the discharge of treated sewage into the river and canal. People of downstream villages of Sabarmati depend indirectly on the river and Fatehwadi Canal for irrigation (if AMC gets consent from GPCB for discharge into the canal). Cumulative Pollution levels due to the discharge of various STPs, CETP discharge through Megaline, other ETP, and stormwater discharges in the river are high currently. Vasna barrage across Sabarmati to the South of the city regulates water flow downstream of Sabarmati. Screening and analysis were undertaken following the IFC Good Practice Handbook for Cumulative Impact Assessment and Management. The Handbook defines this as the process of (a) analyzing the potential impacts and risks of proposed developments in the context of the potential effects of other human activities and natural environmental and social external drivers on the chosen VECs over time, and (b) proposing concrete measures to avoid, reduce, or mitigate such impacts and risk to the extent possible. The objectives of the study were to understand the impacts on the Sabarmati River or any other valued ecosystem component due to the project, other developments in AMC and its region, and proposed subproject activities. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 143 Step 1 – VEC’s, spatial and temporal boundaries. VEC’s were identified from the baseline environmental and social study work within the project area of influence and using literature review and field visits for the region. Screening questions considered included the following: Will the construction of new STP and demolition of Vasna 126 MLD STP affect this VEC? Would other identified projects/stressors in the area potentially affect this VEC cumulatively within the spatial boundary? Would the impacts be potentially significant? CIA was performed through expert opinions, checklists, and spatial analysis. Discussion on VECs The subproject activities include rehabilitation of an existing STP at Vasna, in the urban area of AMC and all works are confined to an existing STP site, to improve the treatment of sewage. The regional linkage is provided by River Sabarmati, which is dry for most of the year, and is a modified habitat as it receives water not from its source Dharoi Dam, but an irrigation canal – the Narmada Main Canal – intended to carry water from Sardar Sarovar Project to drought-prone areas of Gujarat. Water channelled from Narmada Canal to Sabarmati at Ahmedabad Riverfront is held there for most of the year for the ambiance of the riverfront and released through Fatehwadi canal or Sabarmati River (mainly during floods). None of the subproject works are carried out in the river or Fatehwadi Canal, except disposal of treated sewage. The river and the canal had been receiving sub-optimally treated sewage and bypasses, effluents, and stormwater for the past decade from Vasna STP, and other STPs, and CETP (through Mega Line) since past two decades. This project which would improve treatment quality to comply with stringent NGT suggested standards are expected to bring in positive impacts on water quality, availability of treated water downstream of the city, through Sabarmati and Fatehwadi Canal, and hence overall the subproject presents positive regional impacts. As the subproject activities are restricted to the existing STP site, access road immediate to it, and TSPS site (for minor repairs), no heritage feature of the city is considered as an important component for examination. None of the floral or faunal species are identified as VECs as they are not dependent on the existing STP site, Sabarmati, or the canal to which treated water is discharged. So, there is no impact of the subproject on existing rates of habitat conversion and degradation in the area. No fish or aquatic species met the conditions for VEC because those identified through fieldwork and desk-based screening were not RET species of endemic species and the locations fall under the urbanized area and the habitats are already modified. Sabarmati River in the vicinity of the STP plant is already polluted and the riparian zone is converted into the riverfront. There are no protected habitats or forests in the immediate region which may be impacted by the subproject. Other VECs do not apply to this subproject considering the distance to these natural areas and intervening urban land use. Identified VEC Only one social/economic VEC was confirmed: the Fatehwadi Irrigation Scheme. The scheme is sensitive to water availability, through the Narmada Canal (diverted by Vasna barrage) or availability of treated water from STP. Spatial Extent The spatial boundary has been established based on the Sabarmati, Fatehwadi Canal, and downstream areas which may be impacted. The length of the river and villages supplied by the canal, till Vautha where the river gets tidally influenced and meets another major inflow from Vatrak is considered as the spatial limit. Temporal Extent ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 144 The Feasibility Report states that as per the CPHEEO manual, Pumping Station (Civil Works) and Rising Mains are designed for 30 years however Pumping machinery is designed for 15 years from the base year. The temporal boundary was set at 15 years, as STP may need to be upgraded in response to regional/ city growth within this time. The feasibility report also adopted this as the timeframe. Step 2: Scoping Phase 2 – Other Activities and Environmental Drivers The other activities and environmental drivers that are relevant were assessed as part of the iterative process of identifying VECs and spatial boundaries. Other activities which impact the river include (i) all discharges from the city and the region into the canal including all other existing and proposed STP discharges into Sabarmati, industrial effluents, treated effluents carried by Mega Line, stormwater drains; (ii) new Sabarmati Riverfront project and newly proposed barrage upstream of Vasna at the beginning of new Riverfront project, (iii) intensive industrialization of downstream areas of Sabarmati, to the South of Ahmedabad city which is given impetus by the nationally significant freight corridor – the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC); the mega rail transport project for freight connecting industrial areas to the west of India. There is a significant reduction in rainfall and water availability in the catchment of Sabarmati, multiple barrages, and increased agriculture and urban uses to the north of the city, which has also resulted in less water availability in this non-perennial river. These already have a pronounced impact on in-river habitat and rendered it modified. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 145 Table 40: Environmental Impacts on VECs (at Regional Level) VECs that may be VEC Threshold(s) Spatial Temporal boundary Impacted by project Impacted by Impacts on thresholds affected by the boundaries activities and and Project Mitigation/monitoring development environmental measures drivers River Sabarmati Improved water Till Vautha 15 years is the Positively impacts, as Less rainfall and the proposed Positive Impacts due to better discharge users quality and around 50 km planning period the dry river will get a (in early stages) new barrage quality of treated sewage better from where it considered after well-treated upstream of Vasna, will have - Monitoring of quality of treated water biodiversity due is tidally which STP discharge no impact on discharged and measuring quantity of treated to better-treated influenced upgradation would treated water as it depends on water discharged and bypasses if any Quality ensured by sewage be necessary the population served during construction and operation the ongoing hon’ble discharged phases. high court and task - Periodic measurement of Trophic force’s action to Status of the River to understand the disconnect all improved quality due to the project industrial connections from the sewer network Fatehwadi Canal Water available Agricultural 15 years, within Positively impacts, as Less demand for agriculture in Positive Impacts due to better discharge irrigation scheme for irrigation as areas of which the land use canal which gets less the future, as the downstream quality of treated sewage users serve announced by villages of conversion can be supply now from region is fast getting - Ensure Consent to Discharge from GPCB around 5000 ha in GoG, and Daskroi, expected, NMC and poor- industrialized with many for discharge of treated sewage the command requested by Sanand, Bavla, considering the pace quality treated water industrial areas, also due to through the canal area (not part of Irrigation and Dholka – of industrialization from STPs, will get a Western Dedicated Freight - A detailed study with stakeholder Narmada Department for villages around of the region, as it is well-treated Corridor. Ahmedabad District consultation through Agricultural Command area, the water-scarce 20 km aerial in the influence discharge for is the largest inland industrial University, in line with CPCB (2019) but now receiving region from Vasna. region of DMIC irrigation due to the center in western India. Guidelines for Discharge of Treated waters from the project Provides a manufacturing base effluents for Irrigation to determine and Narmada Main for industries like chemical, manage discharge for better irrigation Canal) textiles, agriculture, and food practices processing. The GDP of - Monitoring of quality and measuring Ahmedabad and Gujarat quantity of treated water discharged depends heavily on the output during construction and operation and capacity of these phases industries. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 146 A summary of risks and impacts and their significance are presented in Table 40 below: Table 41: Cumulative Environmental Risks and Impacts of proposed STP improvements at the Local/near Site Level and Mitigation measures Aspects Potential Impacts Mitigation Significance Geographic Spatial Duration Status after before Scale Mitigation Mitigation Development in the city Improvement in Sewerage Increase in incoming flow to STP Mitigation Possible, through long High Site/ Local Long-term Major Positive and Drainage (S&D) term master planning and planning (negative) infrastructure and increase additional STPs (ongoing) in population in the serving area New area development and Increase in incoming flow to STP Mitigation is Possible through High Site/ Local Long-term Major Positive increase in sewage flow Master plan (ongoing) and (negative) upgradation activities under G- ACRP Increase coverage of Increase in incoming flow to STP Improvement in the Sewerage High Site/Local Long Term Major Positive vulnerable sections network and capacity augmentation (negative) especially the urban poor, with improved technology; full migrants, slum dwellers coverage planned through G- ACRP with no access in the serving area Reduction in untreated Increase in incoming flow to STP Improvement in the Sewerage High Site/Local Long Term Major Positive sewage flow into network and capacity augmentation (negative) stormwater, river or canals with improved technology – full coverage and Lake/canal improvement through G-ACRP, Master Plan (ongoing) Construction Phase Cumulative Air Quality The subprojects (esp. two Vasna See mitigation measures in the Low Site/ Local Short-term Minor Positive (as Impacts subprojects) can collectively generate ESMP. Mitigation Possible, through (negative) mitigation construction and O&M-related air use of buffers, screens, PPEs, measures will emissions. Emission from nearby awareness, time help reduce Metro Depot construction will restrictions/staggering of large baseline impacts contribute to the emission levels. noise/vibration generating activities as well) at sites as detailed in ESMP ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 147 Aspects Potential Impacts Mitigation Significance Geographic Spatial Duration Status after before Scale Mitigation Mitigation Cumulative Community Health and Safety impacts due to See mitigation measures in the Low Site/ Local Short-term Moderate Health & Health impacts cumulative air quality and noise ESMP. Mitigation Possible through (negative) Positive as access impacts from dust, air emissions, following ESMP, better STP design roads, STPs movement of vehicles, etc. during the with ensured aeration, good green improved construction period. Odor during the belt, PPEs, awareness construction period is also a major health concern for the settlement and workers of the surrounding. Labour and working Cumulative impacts due to See mitigation measures in the Medium Site/ Local Medium Positive conditions labor/workers on-site affecting ESMP. Worker facilities, safety to be (negative) term movement of local traffic and ensured, trained & monitored. pedestrian traffic conflicts with the Construction-related activities shall local population, sanitation, and use of be planned to minimize large influx public amenities or movement of labor in line with Covid-19 restrictions. Cumulative Noise Impacts Noise is a localized issue that Such cumulative noise impacts will Low Site/ Local Short-term Positive (as diminishes in intensity with distance be temporary and will not likely (negative) existing from the source. occur during sensitive nighttime operational noise Up-gradation and construction of in hours. levels also gets the subproject area can potentially See mitigation measures in the reduced due to increase construction-related noise ESMP planned impacts on land uses directly adjacent measures) to the construction sites, which is in industrial/mixed-use areas. However, though in an urban area, the expanse of the river on one side reduces noise accumulation from here Impacts due to noise & Increased level of noise and vibration. The impact will be site-specific and Low Site/ Local Short-term Minor negative vibrations: Faunal species like birds (Red vented temporary. Revisits of faunal species (negative) during the Movement of vehicles bulbul, Tailor bird, Laughing dove, are expected after the completion of construction Machinery such as boring Purple sunbird, etc.), reptiles (Garden the project. Buffers shall be planned period machine, Concrete mixtures, lizard), mammals (Five striped palm and arranged as required. squirrel) will temporarily leave the site. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 148 Aspects Potential Impacts Mitigation Significance Geographic Spatial Duration Status after before Scale Mitigation Mitigation Trucks, Excavators, Noise above 60 dB has been reported The 149ygienient of a green belt Dumpers, etc. to interfere with songbird mating calls. with native herbs, shrubs, and trees is recommended. Partial mitigation possible Impact due to Generation of Dust may settle on the leaves of the Dust emission measures like water Low Site/ Local Medium- Moderate dust & debris surrounding flora and may interfere sprinkling, using prefabricated (negative) term negative during Dust generation due to with biological processes. material are suggested. Buffers shall the construction heavy vehicular movement The dust will also disturb the faunal be planned and arranged as & demolition & excavation species. required. Partial mitigation possible period Construction & Demolition debris generated due to excavation Impact due to Air Pollution Air Pollutants may interfere with the Dust suppression measures are to be Low Site/ Local Short-term Negligible Emissions from vehicles and biological processes of plants. implemented. All the vehicles shall (negative) negative during machinery It may also irritate the faunal species. comply with the PUC certification construction Air pollution due to site requirements and the vehicles shall period preparation, infrastructure be maintained in good condition. development, building Buffers shall be planned and construction, and other arranged as required. related activities. Dumping of waste into the Dumping waste into the water bodies No dumping of any waste generated Low Site/ Local Short-term Positive waterbodies may impact the biological process of during the construction in the (negative) macrophytes and aquatic fauna. It may natural water bodies i.e., lakes, alter the composition of macrophyte rivers, and streams; as in ESMP. All by interfering with the nutrient cycle wastes including during O&M of the existing facility to be managed well. Impact on water birds due Noise generated during the Acoustic enclosures are Low Site/ Local Short-term Positive to Construction Activities construction activities may deter water recommended for high noise- Negative due and Water quality birds that may use Sabarmati banks generating instruments. to Long term improvement near the STP site as feeding habitat. construction Water quality improvement of activities discharge due to technology upgradation will help improve the ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 149 Aspects Potential Impacts Mitigation Significance Geographic Spatial Duration Status after before Scale Mitigation Mitigation overall ecology and in turn, will attract Positive due the water birds. to water quality improvement Impacts due to invasive The site already has exotic species like Removal of invasive species. Low Site/ Local Short-term Positive species Lantana camara, Eucalyptus sp., Using native species for plantation. (negative) Eichhornia crassipes, etc. Removal of any new growth of Landscaping and tree Transfer of topsoil/ manure for invasive species. ESMP to be plantation landscaping may carry seeds of exotic followed species. Transfer of sapling bags for plantation may carry seeds of exotic species which can later spread in the area. Operation Phase Cumulative Air Quality The subprojects can collectively result See mitigation measures in the Low Site/ Local Long-term Minor Positive Impacts in air emissions, which will be less than ESMP (negative) baseline emissions due to technology up-gradation. Cumulative Noise Impacts Noise is a localized issue that Cumulative noise impacts will be Low Site/ Local Long-term Minor Positive diminishes in intensity with distance minimum also due to upgraded (negative) from the source. equipment, machinery, green belt. Very minimum noise will be generated See mitigation measures in the during the operation of the STP ESMP Community Health and During operation, cumulative air and See mitigation measures in the Low Site/ Local Short-term Positive Safety impacts noise impacts will be confined to the ESMP (negative) STP site. Additional measures to reduce noise and air impacts by way of mitigation measures will be undertaken to keep the air and noise impacts to a minimum. Better emergency preparedness plan and facilities reduce impacts ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 150 Aspects Potential Impacts Mitigation Significance Geographic Spatial Duration Status after before Scale Mitigation Mitigation Cumulative Odor Nuisance During the operation of STP, Odor Improved technology and prescribed Moderate Site/ Local Long Term Positive (when nuisance is expected. It will be discharge standards will minimize compared to cumulative from all the STPs in the odor emissions. Odor control baseline) vicinity, near STP premises, and the system/ unit has been planned water body to which treated sewage is which will address odor issues after discharged. upgradation. Collection , treatment and disposal of sludge proposed will reduce the Odor nuisance. Impacts due to Sabarmati, downstream of Vasna and Stringent discharge standards, Major Regional Long term Major Positive eutrophication, quality of Fatehwadi Canal will benefit from monitoring mechanism water available for overall better discharge standards for downstream uses treated sewage, which is disposed into these especially due to Nutrient Removal A Summary of all Risks and impacts are compiled with impact significance in the following Table 41, for which mitigation measures are described in the subsequent Chapter. Table 42: Summary of Risks and Impacts and their Significance before and after Mitigation Potential Risks and Negative Impacts Positive Impacts Impacts Duration Spatial Reversible Likelihood Magnitude Sensitivity Significance Negative Impacts after Significance of Extent or not Before Mitigation Considerations in the Positive Impacts of Negative Long-Term Plan/ impacts Mitigation Preconstruction/ construction Land use changes Long term Project Irreversible Likely Low Low Negligible Nil Negligible Positive extent negative Impact on-site and current Short Term Site Reversible Likely High Low Moderate Minor Negative Negligible Positive users Negative Impacts on Air Short Term Regional Largely Likely Medium Medium Moderate Minor negative Negligible Positive Reversible negative ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 151 Potential Risks and Negative Impacts Positive Impacts Impacts Duration Spatial Reversible Likelihood Magnitude Sensitivity Significance Negative Impacts after Significance of Extent or not Before Mitigation Considerations in the Positive Impacts of Negative Long-Term Plan/ impacts Mitigation Impacts on Water Bodies Short Term Regional Largely Occasional Medium High Minor negative Negligible Negative Moderate Positive Reversible Impacts on Soil Short Term Project Largely Occasional Low Medium Minor negative Negligible negative Minor Positive extent Reversible Impacts of Noise Short Term Project Largely Occasional Medium Medium Moderate Minor negative Minor Positive extent Reversible negative Impacts on health of Short Term Site Reversible Occasional Low Medium Moderate Negligible negative Moderate Positive Fauna, Flora (biodiversity) negative Occupational Health and Short Term Site Reversible Likely High High Major Negative Moderate Negative Minor Positive Safety of workers involved Community Health and Short Term Local Reversible Likely High High Major Negative Moderate Negative Minor Positive safety Disturbance to Cultural Short Term Local Reversible Unlikely Low High Negligible Nil Minor Positive Heritage, Visual blight/ negative aesthetics Resettlement and Temporary Local Reversible Unlikely Low High Minor Nil Minor positive livelihoods impacts Negative Impact on Socio-Economic, Long and Subproject Irreversible likely Ranging Medium Moderate Moderate to minor Moderate to high Households, communities short term or and from low negative location- reversible to high specific Operations and Maintenance Impacts on Air Short Term Regional reversible Occasional Low High Moderate Minor Negative Moderate Positive negative Impacts on Water Short Term Regional Largely Occasional Medium High Major Negative Moderate Negative Moderate positive (bypasses in case of Reversible eventuality/ discharge during floods/other disasters) ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 152 Potential Risks and Negative Impacts Positive Impacts Impacts Duration Spatial Reversible Likelihood Magnitude Sensitivity Significance Negative Impacts after Significance of Extent or not Before Mitigation Considerations in the Positive Impacts of Negative Long-Term Plan/ impacts Mitigation Impacts on Soil Short Term Project reversible Occasional Medium Medium Moderate Minor Negative Major positive extent negative Impacts on health of Temporary Site Reversible Occasional Low Medium Minor Negative Negligible negative Major positive Fauna, Flora (biodiversity) Occupational Health and Medium Term Site Reversible Occasional Low High Moderate Minor Negative Major positive Safety of workers involved negative Community Health and Temporary Local Reversible Occasional Low High Moderate Minor Negative Major positive safety negative Flooding and Dam Safety Temporary Regional Largely Occasional Ranging Medium Moderate Minor Negative Nil Reversible from Low Negative to High Resettlement and Temporary Local Reversible Occasional Low High Minor NIL Minor Positive livelihoods impacts Negative Impacts on Cultural Temporary Local Reversible Unlikely Negligible High Nil Nil Nil Heritage, Visual blight Regional Impacts Water Quality and Long term Regional Major Positive Availability ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 153 5.5 Status of Incorporation of ESIA comments in the Draft FR During ESIA preparation, there had been regular interactions of FR consultants with ESIA consultants, facilitated by AMC. FR has incorporated the suggestions of ESIA to address climate change and resilience for the sub project, to address aspects as follows: i) Increased rainfalls, releases from Vasna Barrage and flooding events: Incorporate the findings and recommendations of the hydrological and flood assessment including a study on Dam Break Analysis & Flooding Stimulation, preparation of inundation maps and emergency action plan for Vasna Barrage has been done and results of that has to be considered in design of the facility construction and operations and emergency response plans appropriately considering community and worker health and safety and pollution impacts specifically during climate events and prepare C-ESIA / C-ESMP ii) Increased temperatures: The temperature increase will raise the likelihood of sewer corrosion and odor problems especially considering the extreme heat conditions in the city. Design shall incorporate mechanisms to reduce such impacts. To tackle the issue with odor, odor control units have been proposed as part of rehabilitating the STP. iii) Change in flow pattern: Sewage inflow pattern may vary during various times. The Plant shall be designed following a modular approach which shall help in accommodating any changes in sewage quantity load. Equalization storage has been included in the sewage treatment plant for the flow variations to balance out the variability in the flow. iv) Discharge Quality: The NGT suggested norms (which is stringent than WB EHS suggested India National Standards for Discharge of treated Effluents, as per EP Rules, 1986) will be followed for treatment of wastewater. The proposed treatment train includes some flexibility to allow the system to adapt to slightly different water quality parameters. v) Reduction of carbon emissions: The opportunities identified under this plan include carbon sequestration through green belt development (Carbon is sequestrated by plants by way of photosynthesis and storing carbon as biomass in their boles), and probable use of Solar technology. A comparation of the GHG emissions reduced through the subproject intervention is included in the FR. vi) Reuse and recycle of water: With improved technology resulting in better treated sewage, opportunity to reuse treated sewage increases, also in line with the “Policy for Reuse of Treated Wastewater� announced by the Gujarat government in 2018. Furthermore, treated wastewater may be sold as a reliable source of water supply to industries, and design shall incorporate the features to ensure this. vii) Reduction in water pollution in the Region: Untreated or suboptimal wastewater discharged in water bodies leads to presence of bacteria, viruses and parasites which can cause a plethora of waterborne diseases. Through treatment, the pollutants in the raw sewage will be significantly removed thus increasing the quality of effluent, discharged into waterbodies. viii) Under the DBOT, the contractor shall provide a detailed method statement / schedule for the rehabilitation of the plant so that treatment of sewage does not get impacted by construction works on part of STP. No bypass shall be made to the river, without treatment. ix) The proposed work involves replacing/ overhauling various units and equipment. The project shall take into account the disposal of sewage, sludge, breakdown of STP, accidental leakages/ bursts of the sewage, sludge and related impacts on surface water quality and soil quality, noise generation and air emission due to running of DG dets, pumps and equipment, sourcing of material, and damage to artefacts/ archeologically important items during excavation, Tree cutting, if required for any additional units’ construction. The construction of new of STP will incorporate technologies and take steps to make the assets created/upgraded and resilient to climate changes such as increased ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 154 rainfall and floods, increased temperatures and change in flow pattern. Since the STP and pumping station are existing at site, there will not be any displacement of utilities. x) Energy efficient design and components: The designs adopted for 126 MLD STP upgradation shall be energy efficient or energy saving such as Solar lighting and or Energy saving fitting (LED lighting) and equipment, motors are fitted with variable frequency drive (VFD) to reduce the energy consumption and achieve better energy efficiency. The selected equipment, installations, pumps & other machinery shall be energy efficient xi) Source of Raw Material: Material used for the construction of subproject components such as DI pipes, HDPE pipes, sand, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and gravel for construction works shall be outsourced from authorised vendors and authorised quarries to ensure that appropriate procedures are followed for extraction of material and sustainable practices are involved in such process. It is also suggested to source materials from AMC’s C&D facility to ensure circular economy and resource efficiency. Additional suggestions to be considered in Final FR: xii) Optimal Design: Design shall ensure minimal rehabilitation/ reconstruction requirement to ensure the suggested discharge standards. Technology suggested shall be weighed in terms of environmental, social performance as well in addition to economic and other criteria. Upgradation of existing ASP technology with mechanisms to improve nutrient removal, MBBR, shall also be considered as an option in addition to the proposed SBR technology considering the technical difficulties in undertaking large scale modifications in the existing site. xiii) Treated sewage is not proposed for drinking purposes. Any reuse of treated water (on or off site), will be only after Chlorination xiv) Need arrangements to segregate, collect, store and dispose broken and full (end-of-life, damaged, to be repaired) solar panels from Solar roof top as per applicable regulations, without an assurance on this solar roof top shall, not be encouraged. xv) Vibration impacts of proposed trunk main crossing the elevated metro track shall be studied, and mitigation measures shall be included in design xvi) Impacts due to flooding and discharge through the Vasna Barrage has been studied, hydrological and flood assessment including a study on Dam Break Analysis & Flooding Stimulation, preparation of inundation maps and emergency action plan for Vasna Barrage has been done and results of that has to be considered in design of the facility construction and operations and emergency response plans appropriately considering community and worker health and safety and pollution impacts specifically during climate events by the DBOT contractor; for main site and all allied infrastructures including proposed and existing rising mains, TSPSs etc. xvii) Useful by-products: Sewage sludge in significant quantity is generated from primary and secondary treatment tanks during treatment. This by-product shall be tested for hazardous components if any, and either sent to Gamma Irradiating Facility of AMC for treatment and upcycling into soil enricher for use; or in case of hazardous content, sent to Hazardous waste TSDF arranged by AMC. This shall be included in FR, as against the current mention on using this as a manure. xviii) Demolished STP will have contaminated C&D and other wastes (due to sewage), and the contaminated area shall be well restored, after testing for contaminants and pathogens. Cost for this shall be included in FR/Detailed estimate xix) Plan to utilise existing infrastructure: a. FR is silent about the future of the existing outfall from Vasna 126 STP into Fatehwadi Canal. It is important to identify and plan the use / demolition of existing outfall structure to canal, if treated water is not proposed to be used. b. FR mentions that existing 35 MLD STP will be abandoned, which is not a good practice. Considering the agglomeration benefits of STPs at Vasna, it is proposed ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 155 to reuse Vasna 35 STP with required repairs/ upgradation to divert excess peak flow or convert into a facility for tertiary treatment in case inflow is detected with industrial effluents, high pH etc. xx) Consents and Permits: FR is silent about the discharge of treated sewage through Fatehwadi Canal, as suggested by Irrigation Department. Till recently, treated sewage was disposed into the canal, which has now been stopped as the farmers downstream complains about poor quality of treated water. However, there is an existing outfall from this STP to the canal. a. AMC shall renew the consent for existing and rehabilitated STP amending the Consent Condition for discharge of Treated Sewage into Fatehwadi Canal, more so because FR for Vasna 240 MLD STP has recommended such reuse in case of Vasna 240 MLD STP. In case of agreement with GPCB and receipt of Consent to discharge the treated sewage to the canal, this can be an option as it would increase the reuse of water which is scarce in the region. However, the following are important in this regard and DBOT contractors Detailed Design and AMC should work together on the following for this: − AMC & Irrigation Department shall discuss & decide on the quantity of water required for such discharge after obtaining permit; − AMC with the support of Irrigation Department shall undertake a study on reuse of treated effluent for irrigation in line with the Central Pollution Control Board’s Guidelines of Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, 2018, through reputed Agricultural University with stakeholder consultations as per the Guidelines and after agreement with stakeholders and permit from GPCB, discharge the treated sewage so as to avoid any negative environmental and health issue on downstream communities. xxi) Discharge Standards for treated sewage into Sabarmati: The discharge standards which sub-project shall comply with for discharge into Sabarmati is presented in Table 42. Table 43: Suggested Discharge Standards ParameterTreated Effluent Discharge Remarks Quality (mg/l) -ESIA suggestion for Sabarmati Disposal only46 Biochemical Not to exceed 10 NGT suggested limits, an improvement over EP Rules 1986: GENERAL Oxygen STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL Demand POLLUTANTS PART-A : EFFLUENTS: Discharge to Surface Water (acceptable (BOD) as per WB EHS – limit is 30 mg/l) Chemical Not to exceed 50 NGT suggested limits, an improvement over EP Rules 1986: GENERAL Oxygen STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL Demand POLLUTANTS PART-A : EFFLUENTS: Discharge to Surface Water (acceptable (COD) as per WB EHS – limit is 250 mg/l) Total Not to exceed 10 NGT suggested limits, an improvement over EP Rules 1986: GENERAL Suspended STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL Solids (TSS) POLLUTANTS PART-A : EFFLUENTS: Discharge to Surface Water (acceptable as per WB EHS – limit is 100 mg/l) pH Between 6.5 to 8.5 PH 5.5 to 9 as per NGT. As against the FR, treated water is not proposed for drinking. Considering the need to improve flora/ fauna of Sabarmati, and outdoor bathing pH 46(If discharged into Fatehwadi – Min. NGT std to be ensured. In addition, Consent from GPCB for such discharge, study to ascertain quality based on irrigation needs and stakeholders views, in line with the CPCB guidelines on Use of Treated Effluent for Irrigation) ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 156 Parameter Treated Effluent Discharge Remarks Quality (mg/l) -ESIA suggestion for Sabarmati Disposal only46 should be 6.5 to 8.5; irrigation 6 to 8.5 (as downstream users use for irrigation) – within NGT suggested limits, an improvement over EP Rules 1986: GENERAL STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS PART-A: EFFLUENTS: Discharge to Surface Water (acceptable as per WB EHS – limit 5.5 to 9 (as in NGT norms)) Total Not to exceed 10 NGT suggested (also takes care of Ammonia (for wildlife and Fisheries), for Nitrogen Sabarmati discharge) limits, an improvement over EP Rules 1986: GENERAL (TN) STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS PART-A: EFFLUENTS: Discharge to Surface Water (acceptable as per WB EHS – limit (as N) 50mg/l, NH3 – 100mg/l) Total Not to exceed 1 NGT suggested limits, an improvement over EP Rules 1986: GENERAL Phosphorous STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL (TP) POLLUTANTS PART-A : EFFLUENTS: Discharge to Surface Water (acceptable as per WB EHS – Dissolved Phosphates – 5mg/l) Fecal Not to exceed 100 – NGT suggested limits, an improvement over MoEFCC Regulations 2017 (limit Coliform preferred; Not to exceed 230 1000 MPN/100ml) which was a revision by the Government of India over EP (Most – desirable Rules 1986: GENERAL STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL Probable POLLUTANTS PART-A : EFFLUENTS: Discharge to Surface Water (acceptable Number per as per WB EHS) 100 milliliters) Additional Parameters for monitoring TDS Less than2100 mg/l Norms prescribed for irrigation under Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986; also, for Class E (CPCB) – Irrigation Use DO Min 5mg/l To be ensured (DO is expected to be taken care of by BOD; but a standard for DO ensures aerators run for at least 5mg/l minimum; for reducing odor, necessary for preventing the production of anaerobic gases (obnoxious gases) from sediments, 47; for Propagation of Wildlife and Fisheries (Class D); and Class B: Bathing; suggested by NGT as the immediate target for polluted river stretches (Sabarmati: Kheroj (upstream of Gandhi Nagar & Ahmedabad) to Vautha) Residual 0.1-0.2 mg/l If chlorination is proposed Chlorine at the outlet All other As per EP Rules 1986, General In case of updating of standards by regulators, the subproject shall comply parameters discharge standards, with the same suggested by WB EHS In case of use in irrigation, Consent Conditions of GPCB and proposed Study on Use of Treated Sewage will inform any additional parameter limits Sodium Max. 26 For Class E: Irrigation (River mostly used for drawing water for Irrigation) 48 absorption Ratio Boron Max. 2mg/l For Class E: Irrigation (River mostly used for drawing water for Irrigation) 47 https://cpcb.nic.in/NGTMC/T_1_a.pdf: HON’BLE NGT Orders:19.12.2018, 20.09.2018, 08.04.2018 & 06.12.2019, Prepare action plans: 351 identified polluted river stretches - Target : To fit at least for bathing purposes by 31.03.2021 48 WB EHS on W&S: “ … the receiving water body use (e.g., navigation, recreation, irrigation, or drinking) needs to be considered together with its assimilative capacity to establish a site-specific discharge quality that is consistent with the most sensitive use�. Here the most sensitive uses are taken as bathing (Class B), propagation of wild life and fisheries, and irrigation (Class E) as AMC confirms that there is no withdrawal of water from Sabarmati for drinking. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 157 6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 6.1 Scope of ESMP Primary objective of environmental and social management and monitoring is to record environmental and social impacts and risks as a result of project activities and identify the mitigation measures. ESMP presents the anticipated impacts and risks, its mitigation measures and responsibilities for the mitigation activities. Environmental management and monitoring activities for the subproject is divided into (a) design, (b) pre-construction, (c) construction and demolition, and (d) operation phases. ESMP is developed to ensure the subproject is implemented in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner where all stakeholders understand the risks/ impacts of the subproject and take appropriate actions to manage the impacts adequately. Proposed rehabilitation should be designed, constructed, and operated in full compliance with local building codes, local fire department regulations, local legal/ insurance requirements, and in accordance with an internationally accepted Life and Safety (L&FS) standard. ESMP will be incorporated in the bid documents while bidding out DBOT contracts so that the contractor allocates the required resources and mechanisms to implement these measures. The DBOT Contractor, through his OHS person who is also a suitably qualified L&FS professional shall prepare and submit a L&FS Master Plan based on proposed design, including preliminary drawings and specifications, and certify that the design meets the requirements of WBG General EHS guidelines, AMC Building Byelaws, and National Building Codes (Part IV Fire and Life Safety) of the Bureau of Indian Standards. This professional should conduct a review of L&FS systems as part of the commissioning tests for new and renovated buildings and certifies that construction of the L&FS systems has been carried out in accordance with the accepted design. 6.2 Proposed Environmental and Social Management Plan The objective of the environmental management plan is to achieve the following objectives: • Design and Technology implementation: Best available technologies to be implemented at site with minimum environmental and social impacts such as all equipment should adhere to environmental norms of noise, air emissions etc., • Good engineering practices are followed during construction and operational phases and to minimize environmental impacts, e.g. barricading of construction areas, signboards for hazardous area and excavated areas etc. • To avoid, or where avoidance is not possible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts on workers, affected communities, and the surrounding, • To ensure that rehabilitation and resettlement of the affected communities if any, due to the project shall be done properly, • To ensure good occupational health and safety practices during construction and operation phases at the project. This can be implemented by regular training and SOPs at the site. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 158 • The pollutant concentration in the workplace does not exceed the NAAQS at given time. Regular monitoring of workplace and surroundings to be carried out and record needs to be maintained. • To monitor impacts on the environment and the effectiveness of mitigation measures during operation, • To ensure that the solid waste generated by workers during project construction and operation, is handled and disposed of in an approved manner; and the construction site is maintained free of wastes, excavation debris, concrete waste, wood, litter, plastics, and metal scraps by periodically collecting, segregating, storing, transporting and disposing of them appropriately. The Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste should be utilised to the extent possible and rest of it to be sent to the C&D facility for conversion to building materials. • Use of recycled material to be promoted at site to the extent possible. • To ensure that all non-hazardous wastes (such as excavation debris, concrete waste, wood, plastics, and metal scraps) are segregated at source, recycled, and reused to the extent possible, • To ensure that Hazardous wastes (such as used fuel/ paint/ chemical containers, waste oil, lubricants, oil rags, contaminated soil, used batteries, etc) are segregated at source and stored in secure and leak-proof containers before transporting and disposing of them through Gujarat State Pollution Control Board (GPCB) authorized waste management agencies, • Quantum of waste generated across various types and categories of wastes is estimated and reported to statuary authorities as and when required. • Energy-efficient fittings, pumps, etc; and rooftop solar may be adopted, only in case suitable maintenance and scientific disposal of end-of-life panels are ensured • Rainwater harvesting and conservation mechanisms are integrated with the design, • Use of fly ash bricks wherever, possible, • Modern construction technologies are adopted such as pre-cast construction to reduce time and cost. • Bypass arrangement during O&M period for TSPS maintenance and rehabilitation: The TSPS may require major rehauling or rehabilitation during 15 years O&M period. In such period, bypass arrangement should be made in a such a way that it doesn’t impact the downstream water bodies. Such maintenance needs to be carried out in lean period and with proper alternative route for bypass water. A prior NOC should also be obtained from Pollution Control Board (PCB) Environment, Health and Safety required for the subproject are recommended to be followed during the construction and operational phases of the project. ESMP for construction phase and operation phase of the project is given in Table 43 below. DBOT contractor will revise ESMP based on CESIA studies post design finalization and get it approved from AMC. DBOT contractor will implement CESMP during project implementation. The Plan specifies measures for addressing the significant negative risks and impacts and for enhancing the beneficial impacts. In addition, proposed institutional capacity and capacity building requirements, to check and ensure effectiveness of the plan throughout the lifecycle of the project have also been discussed. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 159 Table 44 ESMP for Upgradation of Vasna 126 MLD STP and Allied facilities like repairs in TSPS, pipeline from TSPS to 375 MLD STP, Outfall Activity Ref: Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Responsibl Source of ESSs Impact/ Concern e Agency Funds PLANNING, DESIGN, & PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE: Design upgradation ESS 1, 3, 6 Pollution Prevention & • Design shall confirm to all existing national/state regulations, DBOT DBOT of STP & 10 Management NGT orders and GPCB consent conditions as applicable Contractor & Contractors • The treated sewage quality for discharge into Sabarmati shall to be Cost for Adverse social impacts comply with the standards suggested in this ESIA (NGT prescribed supervised Design on the neighbouring standards, and TSS 10mg/l) and/ or most stringent standards by AMC and settlements or common prescribed by the MOEFCC/CPCB, GPCB, NGT at any point of PMC access properties near time. STP and sludge disposal AMC to Discuss and agree with Irrigation Department if 365 MLD or sites, 126 MLD treated sewage is to be discharged for if required for Risk of exclusion of HHs irrigation. If disposal is to Fatehwadi Canal,AMC, GPCB to Agree/ Get from being engaged or Consent for disposal of treated sewage to Fatehwadi Canal, and covered by sewerage Quantity to be discharged; based on a detailed study through services in the design Agricultural University based on the CPCB guidance on reuse of phase treated water for irrigation • Incorporate the safety measures and emergency preparedness measures to protect from flooding; based on the Hydrologic and Flood Risk Assessment Study related to Vasna Barrage, which AMC conducted. • Get all permits from GPCB based on Water act/ and all others for construction and operations • Incorporate the findings of the STP Audit (Annexure VII) to improve existing STP till it is operated so that it complies with existing consent conditions • Provision to hold untreated sewage, diversion to other STPs or other suitable arrangements is required to be made so that during any STP breakdown/ shutoff, the untreated sewage does not flow into the water body or nearby premises as required to comply with with existing regulations, orders. • Pumping station to ensure minimum noise generation from equipment like pumps, motors, blowers and DG set by locating within a noise containing structure/arrangement or in an ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 160 Activity Ref: Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Responsibl Source of ESSs Impact/ Concern e Agency Funds enclosed space (such as concrete/ brick structure). • TSPS Pipeline shall be planned to avoid/ minimize any damage to natural features of the area • Major rehauling of TSPS and maintenance to be carried out in lean period with alternative arrangement and prior permission from PCB. • Regular cleaning/ removal of sludge and solid waste to minimize odor nuisance and its disposal. Sludge will be handled by Contractor and AMC as per regulations. During monitoring, if hazardous content is detected in the sludge from any part of STP Plant/other facilities associated with that, sludge will be sent to TSDF. Contractor shall submit and discuss with AMC the monitoring results & manage sludge as per Sludge & Waste Management plan. As per FR, Sludge will be transferred to the biogas generation facility and gas and electricity will be generated following which the digested sludge/slurry and all surplus slurry / sludge from all parts of STP and Biogas facility will be transferred by the Contractor to the proposed Sludge management facility of AMC where it will be treated and disposed by AMC following the consent conditions, national/State Regulations and applicable orders. The risks and impacts of the proposed sludge management facility on Pollution and health and safety will be assessed by AMC once the technology and location are , considering it as an associated facility if applicable. • Plan shall be prepared by the Contractor to collect sludge at constant intervals, stored properly without contaminating any environmental components, and disposal in AMC facility. • Provide proper drainage arrangements and landscaping to avoid water stagnation on the site during and post construction. • Equipment’s to be selected shall meet the noise standards as prescribed by CPCB. • Use of less noise generating equipment such as submersible pumps, enclosed generators, etc. ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 161 Activity Ref: Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Responsibl Source of ESSs Impact/ Concern e Agency Funds • Pumping station to ensure minimum noise generation from equipment like pumps, motors, blowers and DG set by locating within a noise containing structure or in an enclosed space (such as concrete/ brick structure). • Proposed treatment technology shall take consideration of high phenolic compounds in the sewage water and additional treatment system to be employed if required. • Collection, Treatment, disposal and management of Sewage sludge shall confirm to all applicable national/state regulations, NGT orders and GPCB consent conditions. • Site layout planning before design shall clearly demarcate areas for ancillary uses such as storage and treatment of sludge from existing reactors and sludge beds and c&d waste, and others as required and construction shall be initiated in remaining lands. • Before starting the design plan for remediation and strengthening and reuse of areas under existing STP after demolition. Required studies and measures must be finalised at design stage and pre construction stages • Labour colony location to be identified and site demarcated. • Site clearance.to be undertaken wherever required. • Ready mix concrete plant layout to be prepared and clearance taken • Special attention to include vulnerable groups in project benefits and continuous stakeholder engagement to ensure such inclusion Design to improve ESS3 Inefficient use of • The designs adopted for 375 MLD STP upgradation & TSPS for DBOT DBOT resource efficiency resources, high energy energy efficiency and savings such as Solar lighting, Energy saving Contractor & Contractors and pollution consumption due to fitting (LED lighting) and equipment, motors are fitted with to be Cost for prevention inefficient functioning of variable frequency drive (VFD) to reduce the energy consumption supervised by Design existing systems. and achieve better energy efficiency. The selected pumps, AMC and equipment, appurtenances shall be energy efficient PMC • The design/upgradation of STP shall also consider tertiary treatment of the sewage if so required by the Project so that there is reuse of treated sewage and thus reducing the usage of ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 162 Activity Ref: Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Responsibl Source of ESSs Impact/ Concern e Agency Funds fresh water source (also as per Gujarat government policy on reuse of treated sewage) • The design pipeline to avoid unnecessary excavation by selecting shortest route. • Solar lighting/ use of solar energy as much as feasible (provided disposal at TSDF is arranged for end-of-life panels, management of Batteries is ensued as per regulations, and proper storage and use of PPEs while working with damaged panels are ensured) • Energy saving fitting (LED lighting) and equipment, motors are fitted with variable frequency drive (VFD) Submission of ESS 1 Unsatisfactory • DBOT contractor shall revise ESMP (to prepare C-ESMP) based on DBOT DBOT updated ESMP, monitoring of CESIA studies post design finalization and get it approved from Contractor & Contractors Monitoring Plan, and environmental and social AMC. DBOT contractor shall implement CESMP and monitoring to be Cost for reporting schedule aspects Plans based on detailed design, before initiating any work or supervised Design preparatory activity on any of the project related sites by AMC and • Appoint environmental, health and safety (EHS) Supervisor and PMC social specialist by Contractor to ensure ESMP implementation & providing training on management and monitoring • Prepare and implement waste and sludge management plan in coordination with AMC, L&FS Plan and other SOPs • Timely submission of monitoring reports including documentation of ESMP implementation (such as photographs, standardized formats for reporting monitoring results for each of the monitoring parameters, GR status, etc.) Preparatory work for All Non-compliance with • Permission from Metro Authorities for passing the pipeline below DBOT DBOT fulfilling relevant essential environmental, the car shed. Contractor & Contractors mandatory/statutory ESS safety, labor • Permission from irrigation department to pass the pipeline over to be Cost for compliances requirements, special the canal and for construction of new outfalls in case treated supervised Design laws and associated legal water is to be reused for irrigation by AMC and repercussion and cost and • Updating of CESMP and CESIA after finalization of design and risk PMC time overruns prevention/mitigation plan during implementation. • Preparation of Plans as specified in the ESMP and in line with ESMF as required by WB ESF and national regulations • Allocation of roles and responsibilities at AMC, Contractors and ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 163 Activity Ref: Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Responsibl Source of ESSs Impact/ Concern e Agency Funds sub contractors’ levels • Legal register for subproject will be formulated and implemented • Preparation of plans, reporting, monitoring details, licences, registers as required under Indians Laws • Obtaining No Objection Certificates required from mandatory and statutory bodies for construction and implementation of project • Review of contractor’s licenses for various purposes under various laws for mandatory and statutory compliances • Preparation of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for various activities which includes training, PPEs use, templates for permissions, recording and reporting, by contractors/PIU • IEC materials shall be planned, printed and displayed during construction, creating awareness, display of posters etc. • Training and capacity building of the designated persons for implementing of various plans Preparatory work at ESS 1, 2, 3 OHS risk • Rising main is corroded. Necessary repairs shall be conducted. DBOT DBOT existing plant &4 • Railings are corroded. Shall be replaced or repaired. Necessary Contractor & Contractors signages shall be installed during preparatory work. to be Cost for • No storage area for screening waste. Designated storage area supervised Design shall be provided, avoiding multiple handling of wastes. Records by AMC and of waste volume shall be maintained. PMC • New Parshall flume flow indicator shall be installed. • Designated area for grit storage shall be provided and records shall be maintained. • Oil leakage in blowers shall be addressed. Air supply line to the diffuser is damaged and shall be replaced. • Gasholder tank shall be repaired. • Laboratory instruments shall be replaced. • MLSS and DO sensors at Aeration tank shall be replaced • Alarm system shall be installed • Disaster management plan shall be revised and implemented. • AMC to ensure complete removal of sludge, Wastewater and other materials from UASB reactors and other units of existing ESIA FOR PROPOSED 375 MLD STP AT VASNA, 2022 164 Activity Ref: Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Responsibl Source of ESSs Impact/ Concern e Agency Funds STP before its demolition. This should be clearly prepared and approved in a sludge and waste management plan during pre- construction phase, before initiation of any site activity. • Sludge management facility has been proposed by AMC to be ready to manage sludge by commissioning of first/initial stream of this proposed STP. Contractor shall prepare CESIA and CESMP which includes sludge management plan till its disposal at the AMC’s proposed sludge management facility. Contractor will be responsible for storage, testing and transfer sludge for disposal appropriately based on the monitoring results & existing regulations, as agreed in writing with AMC. • The contractor shall prepare Waste & sludge Management plan in consultation with AMC and GPCB and in line with consent conditions, and all applicable national rules & regulations, and NGT orders and shall be implemented • Sludge Management facility shall be considered as an associated facility if applicable and ESIA/ESMP shall be prepared by AMC & followed in line with ESF • OHS, CHS for contractors’ & AMC personnel for sludge management shall be included in C-ESIA, C-ESMP • Contractor shall handle and manage the sludge as per these documents after approval by AMC as mentioned in Chapter 5.3.1.3 section on Impact of Material Handling and Waste Generation. • Contractor should undertake the activity of maintenance of Sludge storage, collection, transport mechanisms – including whatever is in her/his mandate during construction and operation. This shall be agreed in Sludge/Waste