KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA Nation Religion King Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Meteorology Fisheries Cambodia Water Security Improvement Project (P176615) STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN September 5, 2023 Prepared by the Water Resources and Meteorology and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................................... III ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................ IV DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................................................................... V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... VI 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE AND PROJECT COMPONENTS.......................................................................................1 1.3 PURPOSE OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN.............................................................................................................2 1.4 REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS..............................................................................................................................3 2. STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 3 2.1 AFFECTED STAKEHOLDERS ..........................................................................................................................................3 2.2 INTERESTED STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................................................................4 2.3 VULNERABLE AND DISADVANTAGED INDIVIDUALS/ HOUSEHOLDS ........................................................................................5 2.4 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................6 2.5 SUMMARY OF PROJECT STAKEHOLDER NEEDS ..............................................................................................................17 3. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM ................................................................................................... 21 3.1 PURPOSE AND TIMING OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM ..................................................................................21 3.2 PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...................................................................................................21 3.3 PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR CONSULTATION WITH VULNERABLE/DISADVANTAGED GROUPS.....................................................21 3.4 DURING PROJECT PREPARATION ................................................................................................................................23 3.5 DURING PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ..........................................................................................................................23 4. PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR CONSULTATION ................................................................................................ 24 4.1 METHODS OF CONSULTATION ...................................................................................................................................27 4.2 BRIEF SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES DURING PROJECT PREPARATION ...............................................31 4.3 PROPOSED STRATEGY TO INCORPORATE THE VIEW OF VULNERABLE GROUPS ......................................................................36 4.4 TIMELINES ............................................................................................................................................................37 4.5 FUTURE PHASES OF PROJECT ....................................................................................................................................38 5. RESOURCES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTING STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ......... 38 5.1 RESOURCES ...........................................................................................................................................................38 5.2 MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................................................39 6. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................................................................. 42 6.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT GRM ..............................................................................................................................42 6.2 SUMMARY OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION RELATED TO GRIEVANCE AND COMPLAINT ..................................................................42 6.3 PRINCIPLES OF PROJECT GRM ..................................................................................................................................43 6.4 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT’S REDRESS PROCEDURES .......................................................................................................43 6.5 REGISTRATION OF PROJECT GRIEVANCE.......................................................................................................................47 7. MONITORING AND REPORTING .................................................................................................................. 47 7.1 MONITORING ........................................................................................................................................................47 7.2 MONITORING OF PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS...................................................................................................................47 7.3 REPORTING BACK TO STAKEHOLDERS ..........................................................................................................................48 8. COSTS AND BUDGET ................................................................................................................................... 48 8.1 COSTS ..................................................................................................................................................................48 | ii | INDICATIVE COSTS FOR SEP IMPLEMENTATION ARE ESTIMATED DURING PROJECT PREPARATION (SEE TABLE 10 BELOW) FOR THE PURPOSE OF BUDGET PLANNING. THE ACTUAL COSTS OF SEP IMPLEMENTATION DEPEND ON THE SCOPE AND ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT DURING PROJECT PREPARATION AND IMPLEMENTATION. THE ESTIMATED COST BELOW MAY BE UPDATED ONCE THE LIST OF SUBPROJECTS IS FINALIZED. COSTS INCURRED AS DISCLOSURE MATERIALS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ARE COVERED BY COUNTERPART FUNDING AND ARE ESTIMATED IN THE PROJECT’ SEP. .......................................................................................................... 48 8.2 BUDGET ...............................................................................................................................................................48 ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................................. 50 ANNEX 1 – TEMPLATE FOR DOCUMENTATION OF CONSULTATIONS ........................................................................................50 ANNEX 2 – FACILITATOR’S GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING MEANINGFUL CONSULTATION WITH ETHNIC MINORITY PEOPLES ....................52 ANNEX 3 – GUIDANCE FOR ESTABLISHING PROJECT GRIEVANCE LOGBOOK ..............................................................................56 ANNEX 4 – SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION RESULTS AT SUBPROJECT AND NATIONAL LEVELS .......................................................57 List of Tables Table 0-1 – Stakeholder Identification Matrix .............................................................................................. 8 Table 0-2 – Stakeholder Analysis of Project Affected and Interested Parties ............................................ 13 Table 0-3 – Communication Needs of Key Stakeholder Groups ................................................................. 18 Table 0-4 – Consultation strategy for poor/vulnerable/ disadvantaged groups ........................................ 22 Table 0-5 – Disclosure of Project Documents ............................................................................................. 26 Table 0-6 – Methods for Stakeholder Consultation.................................................................................... 28 Table 0-7 – Consultation Sessions that have been hold during Project Preparation ................................. 32 Table 0-8 – Estimated Cost for SEP Implementation .................................................................................. 48 | iii | Abbreviations and Acronyms ESCP Environmental and Social Commitment Plan ESF Environmental and Social Framework ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESO Environment and Social Officer ESS Environmental and Social Standards FPIC Free Prior and Informed Consent GDR General Department of Resettlement EM Indigenous Peoples IPP Indigenous Peoples’ Plan IPPF Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework CSC Construction Ssupervision Consultant MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MOWRAM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology NGO Non-Government Organization RGC Royal Government of Cambodia RP Resettlement Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework ROW Right of Way ESA Environmental and Social Assessment SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SH Sexual Harassment VAC Violence Against Children WB The World Bank | iv | Definitions Disadvantaged individuals/ households Refers to individuals or groups who, due to certain own circumstances such as their age, gender, disabilities, health, economic and ethnic status, and so forth, are more likely affected adversely by the project impacts and/or more limited in their ability to take advantage of project benefits. Disadvantaged individuals/groups are more likely excluded from, or unable to participate fully in the mainstream consultation process and may require specific assistance to promote inclusion. In this project, disadvantaged individuals/ groups are defined as those who have the following characteristics: i) from an indigenous community or other ethnic minority group, (ii) landless/ limited productive land, (iii) female headed household with dependents, (iv) frequently lack of male labor at home (due to labor migration of men); (v) jobless, or limited economic opportunities; (vi) family member(s) with chronic illness, or disabilities; (vii) elderlies who live on their own; (viii) youth, particularly very young couple with children (early marriage), (ix) live in an especially difficult circumstance, and (x) don’t meet above criteria but are concurred by local community as vulnerable to poverty and need project’s support to reduce their vulnerability. Disadvantaged individuals are usually from a poor, or a near poor household. Inclusion Inclusion means empowering all people to participate in, and benefit from, the development process. Inclusion encompasses policies to promote equality and nondiscrimination by improving the access of all people, including the poor and disadvantaged, to services and benefits such as education, health, social protection, infrastructure, affordable energy, employment, financial services and productive assets. It also embraces action to remove barriers against those who are often excluded from the development process, such as women, children, persons with disabilities, youth and minorities, and to ensure that the voice of all can be heard. Poor individuals/ households Households who live below the national poverty line – as established most recently by the Royal Government of Cambodia, or by the World Bank for Cambodia, which is KHR10,951 per person per day (using at 2019/2020 prices). The latest national poverty line should be used during project life. Where available, poverty line for rural area should be used. Vulnerable individuals/ households In this project, vulnerable individuals/ households are defined as those who live just above the national poverty line, including 1) the near-poor1, and 2) those whose income is marginally above the near-poor line. People who are from Disadvantaged Groups (as defined in this project) are considered as vulnerable group (See definition for Disadvantaged individuals/groups). For Cambodia, the WB proposes defining the near-poor as those whose daily per capita consumption lies between poverty line and 1.25 times the poverty line. 1 In Cambodia, the WB proposes near-poor are those whose daily per capita consumption lies between poverty line and 1.25 times the poverty line while non-poor secure as those whose daily per capita consumption is higher than 1.25 times the poverty line (WB 2022, Cambodia Poverty Assessment – Toward A More Inclusive and Resilient Cambodia). |v| Executive Summary The Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) was prepared by the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM) and will apply to all investments under the Cambodia Water Security Improvement Project (CWSIP - P176615) which will be financed by the World Bank (WB), including to the activities that will be implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) as wel as to those implemented by MOWRAM. The SEP has been prepared in line with the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) and the ESS 10 (Stakeholder Consultation and Disclosure) in particular. This document is a living document and could be updated in line with the changing project situation, or adjusted scope of the activities. PROJECT DESCRIPTION SUMMARY The Cambodia Water Security Improvement Project (CWSIP, P176615) aims to improve water security and increase agricultural productivity in selected river basins of Cambodia, and to provide immediate and effective response in case of an eligible crisis of emergency. The Project Development Objective (PDO) will be measured through the following indicators: • Increased water availability for agriculture and domestic water supply in water scarce areas (MCM) • Area provided with improved irrigation or drainage services (ha) • Increased agricultural productivity (percentage) The project will be implemented from 2023 to 2030 – through various investment activities organized in five project components: • Component 1. Building foundations for improved water resource services (US$ 10m) • Component 2. Sustainable Water Service Delivery (US$ 110m) • Component 3. Increased Agricultural Productivity at Farm Level (US$ 20m) • Component 4. Project Management, Coordination, and Monitoring and Evaluation (US$ 5m) • Component 5. Contingency Emergency Response Component (CERC) (US$0m). STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN The Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) seeks to ensure that Project communities, as well as other Project stakeholders, are informed and involved in all the stages of Project preparation and implementation. The Project recognizes the need to seek representative and inclusive feedback and the SEP looks to promote the role of women and vulnerable groups in project planning and implementation. The Project also recognizes the importance of ensuring affected people are consulted on mitigation measures, as well as continuing monitoring of project activities. The SEP outlines affected stakeholders: those directly impacted by project investment and interested stakeholders: those with an interest or concern in the project. The SEP describes these different stakeholders and outlines specific methods and timelines to engage them at different stages of the project. The SEP also describes the type of information that will be disclosed, when consultations activities will take place, how stakeholders views will be taken into account and the process for grievance redress. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM The main purpose of the stakeholder engagement program is to ensure that relevant project stakeholders are engaged by the project and participate fully in consultations during project design and implementation, particularly during stages stakeholders’ feedbacks on project’s anticipated environmental and social risks and impacts, including mitigation measures, are critical to informing | vi | project’s intervention strategy. The project will consult various project stakeholders at different stages of project cycles, particularly during initial design of road and bridge, before and during construction. CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE During project preparation, consultation sessions were organized in October 2022 at village and provincial levels. The purpose of consultation was to consult with potentially affected and interested stakeholders on environmental and social instruments that were prepared for the project. Draft ESF instruments, including the SEP, will be disclosed on the website of MOWRAM and MAFF for public consultation prior to project appraisal. Based on feedback of the consulted people, the draft documents will be updated and re-disclosed in their final version on the same channel to keep project stakeholder informed of the updated versions. RESOURCES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTING STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES The two PMUs will be in charge of implementation of stakeholder engagement activities. The environmental and social officer of PMU can be reached to provide comments, feedback, or raise questions about the project. In case there is a change to the following personnel. This SEP will be updated to reflect new staff arrangements and will be disclosed through the same channel to keep project stakeholders informed. Changes will also be updated accordingly in material distributed for consultation. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM The objective of the GRM is to provide affected persons with redress procedures that can be conveniently used by affected people to raise project related concerns or grievances. The project proposes principles that guide design of project’s GRM, including, for instance, how a complaint can be lodged, how long it should be resolved, and steps that could be taken if complaints are not pleased with the grievance resolution result. During the resolution process, where necessary, dialogue will be held with aggrieved person for mutual understanding and effective resolution. MONITORING AND REPORTING The objective of internal monitoring of SEP implementation is to ensure activities set out in SEP are carried out timely and appropriately. Under the overall guidance of MOWRAM, the Project Management Unit under MOWRAM and the Project Management Unit under MAFF are responsible for monitoring activities described in this SEP. During project implementation, the ESOs will prepare monthly internal monitoring reports for SEP activities. COSTS AND BUDGET Indicative costs for SEP implementation are estimated during project preparation for the purpose of budget planning. The actual costs of SEP implementation depend on the scope and activities to be carried out during project preparation and implementation. The cost may be updated once the list of subprojects is finalized. Costs incurred as disclosure materials and public consultations are covered by counterpart funding and are estimated in the project’ SEP. | vii | 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1 Overview Cambodia's economy and population are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, particularly droughts and floods with increasing frequency and intensity. Cambodia was ranked the 15th most vulnerable country to climate change globally by the Global Climate Risk Index (2021). The country is particularly prone to flood and drought with around 80% of the country land located within the Mekong River and Tonle Sap basins. Substantial losses in production due to flooding (62%) and drought (36%) have been evident over the past twenty years. According to the updated National Determined Contribution (NDC), most of Cambodia’s agricultural areas will be exposed to higher risk of drought as a result of climate change from 2025 to 2050. In addition, 27% of the national population (4.5 million people) are estimated as ‘near poor’ and as such are susceptible to falling back into poverty if undergoing economic shocks, impacts of natural hazards and environmental degradation, and so on. The National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP 2019-2023) states that priority will be given to investment activities that contribute to narrowing gap of rural infrastructure, meanwhile improving the quality and coverage of various rural services, including institutional capacity to promote sustainable and climate-resilient socioeconomic growth of the country as a long-term development objective. Agricultural production plays an important part in promoting Cambodia's economic growth, of which reliable access to irrigation is essential to resilient agricultural development. Agricultural sectors engage nearly 50% of the total country labor force which provides livelihood support to around 80% of the country population and contributes to more than 30% of the national GDP. In 2020 alone, crop production accounts for 62% of the agriculture GDP, followed by livestock (24%), fisheries (11%), and forestry (7%). Rice is grown in 75% of country’s cropland, accounting for 85% of annual food production and 70% of dietary energy needs. Rice production is the largest water consumers and is major contributor to greenhouse gas emission. In the recent years, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has been developing irrigation infrastructure to improve agricultural productivity, thereby improving livelihoods of the rural population. Presently, there are now more than 2,500 irrigation systems (large, medium, and small size) with a total Cultivable Command Area (CCA) of about 1 million hectares which accounts for about 22% of the total arable land area of the country (4.5 million ha). However, only half of the irrigation systems are functioning properly. The other half is low in water use efficiency. Rehabilitation of existing irrigation system, including existing weirs, reservoirs, barrages, earthen embankments, irrigation canal, etc., is of urgent need, to ensure existing degraded irrigation works function properly and additional area with potential agricultural development have reliable water access to improve food security and people’s livelihoods, particularly in the face of climate change and development of water works upstream of Cambodia. As part of irrigation improvement effort, irrigation systems will be modernized through provision of critical interventions to support farmers to apply Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices. This aims for sustainable agricultural development. 1.2 Project Development Objective and Project Components The project aims to improve water security and increase agricultural productivity in selected river basins of Cambodia, and to provide immediate and effective response in case of an eligible crisis of emergency. The achievement of the PDO will be measured through the following indicators: • Increased water availability for agriculture and domestic water supply in water scarce areas (MCM) • Area provided with improved irrigation or drainage services (ha) • Increased agricultural productivity (percentage) 1 The project will be implemented through various activities organized through the following five components: • Component 1. Building foundations for improved water resource services (US$ 10m) • Component 2. Sustainable Water Service Delivery (US$ 110m) • Component 3. Increased Agricultural Productivity at Farm Level (US$ 20m) • Component 4. Project Management, Coordination, and Monitoring and Evaluation (US$ 5m) • Component 5: Contingency Emergency Response Component (CERC) (US$0m). 1.3 Purpose of Stakeholder Engagement Plan The purpose of the Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) is to set forth plan to ensure project stakeholders, particularly those who are affected, are identified and engaged reiteratively throughout project cycle. During Implementation of this SEP, project stakeholders, particularly the affected parties, will be engaged in meaningful consultation to understand the project purpose, nature, scale, duration of its activities, its potential environmental and social risks and impacts, proposed mitigation measures, grievance redress mechanism, and provide feedback based on such information to help the project avoid, minimize and mitigate potential risks and impacts during project design and implementation. The SEP also sets out institutional arrangements to ensure effective engagement of project’s stakeholder during project implementation. The project recognizes that the voice of the disadvantaged/ vulnerable groups, such as women, indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, are important to ensure these groups are not adversely and disproportionately affected during project implementation. The SEP sets out plans to ensure meaningful feedback of disadvantaged people is sought for consideration and incorporation into project design and implementation. It also ensures project stakeholders, especially the affected ones, can participate in monitoring the project’s risks and impacts management process and through such participatory monitoring activities provide timely feedback to enable the project to effectively manage risks and potential environmental and social impacts. To achieve the above purpose, this SEP will: • Identify all potential project stakeholders, including affected parties and interested parties; • Consult with project stakeholders to understand their concerns, development needs, priorities, particularly those of potential adversely affected group and those who are disadvantaged/vulnerable; • Understand the power dynamics among identified project stakeholders, particularly their interests in project activities, their influences on project design/implementation, and the impacts the project may have on them; • Set out a concrete mechanism to ensure stakeholders’ feedback is timely solicited (by subproject phase (i.e., design, pre-construction, construction, and operation), considered and incorporated into project design and implementation; • Identify strategies to notify and disclose project information to identified stakeholders, particularly those who are negatively affected groups to collect their meaningful feedback; • Specify methods for consulting with project stakeholders, collect opinions, and incorporate feedback into project design; • Ensure grievance redress mechanisms are in place – for potential grievances. GRM will be designed to be accessible, responsive and culturally appropriate to potentially affected people, particularly to indigenous peoples present in the project area; • Ensure appropriate human and financial resources are arranged to ensure timely and effective implementation of SEP; and • Ensure project stakeholders, both affected and interested parties, have chance to monitor project’s environmental and social risks and impacts during project implementation. The SEP is a living document and may be updated, as needed, during project implementation. 2 1.4 Regulations and Requirements This Stakeholder Engagement Plan establishes implementation mechanisms that foster full and meaningful participation of project stakeholders during project cycle. This mechanism is consistent with requirements of the Sub-Decree No. 72 of the Royal Government of Cambodia on the Environmental Impact Assessment Process (1999), the Parkas on General Guidelines for Developing Initial and Full Environmental Impact Assessment Reports (2009), the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) on Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement (LAR, 2018), and the World Bank’s Environment and Social Standard 10 on Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure. 2. STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS Under this project, project stakeholders identified include a) people who are affected by the project – either positively or negatively (hereinafter “affected stakeholders�); and b) individuals/entities who have interests in project activities and/or have influence on project’s activities (hereinafter “interested groups). 2.1 Affected Stakeholders Affected stakeholders include individuals, communities, businesses, and so forth, who live or operate business along or near the subprojects. During project implementation, these people may be adversely affected as a result of construction operations, such as increased level of dust, noise, vibration, loss of assets such as lands, houses, crops, and income due to acquisition of land to allow rehabilitation of existing weirs, reservoirs, barrages, earthen embankments, irrigation canal, etc. and/or construction of new irrigation canals, water distribution system. Other potential negative risks may include risks related to traffic and road safety, risks of child labor, sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), sexual harassment (SH), violence against children (VAC) due to the influx of labor mobilized to serve project construction. Ethnic minorities people who may live near to, and/or have livelihood activities within subproject’s area of influence, may be affected and face social and/or environmental risks identified as associated the subproject’s investment activities. These risks and impacts may be associated during subproject construction and during subproject operation. During project operation stage, beneficiary people may include farmers who can receive reliable water access for their farming activities, domestic use, agribusiness, and other agricultural production and can improve their water security, farming practices, productivity and livelihoods. During project operation, there might be potential conflict in terms of water use, particularly between the population upstream the reservoir and those living and farming downstream the same reservoir. Potential conflicts will be identified during subproject design in connection with extensive consultation with water users upstream and downstream to achieve a consensus about how subproject is designed, and built, including the reservoir subprojects is operated to avoid the upstream and downstream water use conflict. 2.1.1 Affected groups • Positively affected group (beneficiary groups). This group include direct and indirect beneficiaries, as follows: 1. Direct beneficiaries ▪ Local inhabitants, including farmers, who benefit from access to improved irrigation water system and water supply for domestic use; ▪ Private sector who have reliable access to improved water supply system for improved water supply services – for business purpose; ▪ Tourism services, and tourism related services such as food and accommodation; ▪ Local communities, provisions of local labor, including skilled and unskilled construction workers, local vendors, local real-estate owners; and ▪ Relevant ministries, provincial departments and local authorities. 2. Indirect beneficiaries ▪ Development partners; 3 ▪ International and local NGOs work related rural development, water supply, irrigation and agriculture sectors; ▪ Other government agencies in related sectors such as poverty reduction and Indigenous people community development; and ▪ Media. • Adversely affected groups, including the following subgroups (which may have an overlap) Individuals/ households who are physically and economically displaced due to • Impacts on lands and houses, including physical relocation. • Impacts on crops and trees attached to land – temporarily and/or permanently as a result of land acquisition. • Impacts on active business activities (particularly those located along rehabilitated/ upgraded existing weirs, reservoirs, barrages, earthen embankments, irrigation canal, etc. • Impacts on disadvantaged/ vulnerable households who suffer the above impacts (disproportionately affected). • Impacted by restricted land access upstream. • Impacted by restricted water access downstream • Impact by loss of economic/income generation opportunites during construction process Companies whose business activities are affected because of • Limited and/or disrupted customer access for shops and other businesses in the sub-project areas whose activities may be interrupted or disrupted by the construction activities. • Complete loss or reduction of income due to environmental pollution during construction operations. Indigenous Peoples • Indigenous Peoples, including vulnerable groups such as women, elderlies, and/or those with disabilities, children, etc. may be vulnerable to identified risks associated with labour influx during construction process, and/or potential land acquisition (either temporarily or permanently, or both) that limits their access to cultivated lands and/or to cultural sites. Ethnic minorities with distinctive sociocultural characteristics may be affected as a result of labor force who is migrant labor and may not be aware of cultural taboo, etc. Workers who are at risk of, or affected, due to • Provisions for insurances against damage to people, equipment and property are not included in the contract and sub-contract for work safety in civil work sites; and • Risk of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), sexual harassment (SH) are not assessed frequently in the face of changing labor influx mobilized to serve project construction. 2.2 Interested Stakeholders Interested Stakeholders include those who are interested in project activities and outcomes, and/or may have certain level of influence on project design and implementation process. These stakeholders include residents (who are not directly adversely affected by the project), concerned authorities, companies, enterprises (public and private sectors), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), service providers, public utilities, water consumers, farmers and mass media. They are: • National government departments, such as Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology; Ministry of Public Works and Transport; Ministry of Environment; Ministry of Health; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport; General Department of Resettlement, Ministry of Economy and Finance; Ministry of Planning; Land Management Urban Planning and Construction; Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries. 4 • Relevant local departments, including Provincial Departments of Rural Development (PDRD), Provincial Departments of Public Works and Transport (DPWT); Provincial Hall, District Hall, Commune and Village Authorities in Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, Stung Treng and Kratie provinces. • General Department of Resettlement (GDR), Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), Inter- Ministerial Resettlement Committee (IRC), Provincial Resettlement Sub-Committee (PRSC) and Working Groups. • Representatives of Provincial, District and relevant Commune Women and Children’s Committees and Women’s Affairs, Gender Management Action Group (GMAG) in MOWRAM. • Relevant government departments at the provincial level that may be interested in, or may need to be consulted on rehabilitating/upgrading of existing weirs, reservoirs, barrages, earthen embankments, irrigation canal, etc., including Inspection Police (district/khan), and Administrative Post Police (commune/Sangkat) along riparian land; Provincial Department of Environment; Electricite du Cambodge; Provincial Department of Health; Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Provincial Department of Education Youth and Sport; Provincial Department of Labour and Vocational Training; Provincial Department of Women’s Affairs; Provincial Department of Cult and Religion; Provincial Department of Planning; Provincial Department of Land Management Urban Planning and Construction; Provincial Department of Culture and Fine Arts; Provincial Department of Post and Telecommunications; • NGOs and civil society groups with an interest in gender, including sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), sexual harassment (SH) such as ADHOC - The Cambodian Human Rights & Development Association; • NGOs and civil society groups with an interest in Indigenous Peoples’ issues. • NGO Forum (representing a broad range of NGOs). • Transport on waterways, canal bank roads users such as local people frequently going to markets, schools, hospitals, and non-local people who occasionally pass by. • Dam Safety Network. • Suppliers of materials for rehabilitation/upgrading of existing weirs, reservoirs, barrages, earthen embankments, irrigation canal, etc. • Local SEA/SH service providers. • Popular mass media such as Fresh News, TVK, BTV; and • Residents. 2.3 Vulnerable and Disadvantaged Individuals/ households Vulnerable Individuals/Households In Cambodia, about 15 percent of the population (most are in the rural area) are near-poor. They are, thus, at risk of falling into poverty in the event of shock. Women are more likely to head poor households. Higher risk of poverty for female-headed households is associated with lower labor force participation and educational attainment. When female household heads participate in the labor market, they are more likely to be unemployed. Poorer households are only out-of-pocket in the short- term. Nearly two-thirds of female household heads had only some primary schooling, suggesting that most are confined to low-wage work 2. Under this project, vulnerable individuals/ households form a subset of the population that include a) near-poor3 and b) those who are just above the near-poor. Where data on household income/ 2 WB 2022, Cambodia Poverty Assessment – Toward A More Inclusive and Resilient Cambodia. 3Near-poor are individuals whose consumption (or income) is marginally above the poverty line. In Cambodia, the WB proposed near-poor are those whose daily per capita consumption lies between poverty line and 1.25 times the poverty line while non-poor secure as those whose daily per capita consumption is higher than 1.25 times the poverty line. Near-poor households also have not only lower income per capita but also less diversified incomes than non-poor households. (WB 2022, Cambodia Poverty Assessment – Toward A More Inclusive and Resilient Cambodia). 5 consumption is not available to identify the near-poor, the following individuals/households are considered vulnerable: ▪ Indigenous and Ethnic minority peoples; ▪ Female-headed household with dependents; ▪ One parent household; ▪ Household with members with disability; ▪ Elderly people who live on their own without or with limited support from their family member; ▪ Youth, particularly very young couples with children; and ▪ Households that don’t meet the above criteria but are confirmed by community as poor household that need project’s support. Disadvantaged Individuals/Households Disadvantaged individuals/households are those who possess certain household conditions that are disadvantaged and thus put them at risk of being marginalized. For instance, the lack of land access or lack of labor may determine their well-being in the future, thereby determining their vulnerability. Under the project, people from disadvantaged group may be affected disproportionately by the project, such as loss of land, economic displacement, or simply by being forgotten, or ignored. In this project, disadvantaged individuals/households are defined as a subgroup of the poor and near-poor, and has the following traits: ▪ Landless, or have limited production land (e.g., less than 1 hectare, unproductive, various small land plot scattered); ▪ Limited/no main labor at home (e.g., seasonal migrant worker(s); ▪ Key labor being jobless, or have limited economic opportunities; ▪ One family member being chronically ill, or live with disability and needs daily care; ▪ Elderlies who live on their own; ▪ Youth, particularly very young couple with more than two children, e.g., early marriage, ▪ Live in an especially difficult circumstance (as agreed by local communities); Vulnerable and disadvantaged individuals/ households are more likely to be affected adversely by the project impacts and/or may have limited ability (compared to others) to take advantage of a project’s benefits. As such, they are more likely to be excluded from, or unable to participate fully in the mainstream consultation process. Given the above characteristics, specific measures are devised to enable the poor and vulnerable of different level/degree of disadvantages to participate fully during project consultation process. The project will take into account potential differences in terms of project access and communication needs of various groups and individuals, especially those who are from indigenous groups. This includes taking into account their challenges in accessing project benefits. To incorporate the opinions of vulnerable and disadvantage groups into project design, meanwhile addressing inherent obstacles that may affect their full participation into project planning and implementation, consultation strategy is proposed to promote their full participation to receive socioeconomic benefits from the project (See also Section 3.3 – Proposed Strategy for Consultation with Vulnerable/Disadvantaged Groups). The concept of vulnerability and disadvantages are described in the diagram below. 2.4 Stakeholder Analysis Different stakeholders have different levels of interest in, and influence on project design and implementation. Poor people and better-off people are also affected differently by the same type and same level of impact. Thus, it is important to understand a) the level of interest of each stakeholder as to project’s investments, b) the magnitude of impact that the project may have on them, particularly those affected adversely, and c) range of influence that each stakeholder may have on project design, implementation process as well as eventual outcome. Under this project, stakeholders that are highly relevant to the project preparation and implementation include governmental agencies, potentially affected groups, and beneficiary communities at large. These stakeholders are 6 affected by the project and at the same time influence project design and implementation – to various extents. Their interest in the project investments also varies at different stages of project cycle, and as such, exerting different levels of influence on project design and implementation process. Based on the roles, responsibilities, and the potential interest of the key stakeholders obtained from initial consultations with them, Table 1 below summarizes estimated static levels of interest, impact, and influence of each stakeholder that were identified during project preparation. It is noted that these levels of interest, impact, and influence may change over the course of project life. However, the current dynamics of stakeholders’ interest, impact, and influence, as described in Table 1 (Stakeholder Identification Matrix) is useful to informing the design of stakeholder engagement strategy to promote full participation and meaning full feedback from project stakeholders. The list of stakeholders identified above is further described in Table 2 (below). Given the large number of ‘Interested Stakeholders’, stakeholders of similar interest (such as line ministries) are grouped. 7 Table 0-1 – Stakeholder Identification Matrix Parties Key stakeholders Key functions related to project Interests Impacts Influences High/ Medium / Low COMMUNITY LEVEL Positively affected (Beneficiaries) Farmers, water consumers, and travellers • Participate in project planning and implementation H M M (including IPs, women, youth, children…) • Sample interviews of water users, combined with public meetings Traders and roadside vendors • Participate in project planning and implementation H H H • Consider focus group meetings, sample interviews Local Land and Property owners • Participate in project planning and implementation • Individual meetings with a sample of property owners, and data H M M collected during survey Local construction workers • Participate in project planning and implementation Affected parties • Consider focus group meetings in addition to interviews during data H M M (Communities) collection for socio-economic survey Adversely affected Rural landowners with title whose property • Attend consultation, provide feedback on mitigation measures and will be acquired (including agricultural land) compensation H H H Owners of businesses or houses who will • Attend consultation, provide feedback on mitigation measures and H H H lose their assets compensation Vulnerable/ Disadvantaged Groups, including • Attend consultation, provide feedback on mitigation measures and Indigenous Peoples, women, the elderlies, compensation and/or livelihood restoration measures; and H H H and other people with a disability (See • Raising concern on their accessibility to their house and surrounding Section 2.3 above for more details). environment during construction and operation of those roads Companies and organizations • Attend consultation, provide feedback on mitigation measures and compensation or/and voluntary donation H H H PUBLIC SECTOR National-level authorities Interested Ministry of Water Resources and • Provide comments on project proposals, design, planning and Parties Meteorology (MOWRAM) implementation in Influence areas of irrigation infrastructure H L H engineering, water management and preservation, hydrology and 8 Parties Key stakeholders Key functions related to project Interests Impacts Influences High/ Medium / Low • General Department of Technical river works, rural clean water supply, and farmer water user Affairs communities. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence Fisheries (MAFF) areas of cultivation, livestock production, forest and fishery H L M • General Directorate of Agriculture preservation, and agricultural communities development. (GDA) Ministry of Interior (MoI) • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence • National Committee for Sub-National areas of Environmental and Social Safeguards for the Sub-National H L M Democratic Development Secretariat Democratic Development (NCDDS) Inter-Ministerial Resettlement Committee • Carry out project planning and implementing in influence areas of (IRC) Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement Ministry of Economy and Finance (MoEF) H L H • General Department of Resettlement for Development Projects Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence (MoEYS) areas related to health education, hygiene and sanitation, and H L M • School Health Department learning environment during project implementation and mitigation measures Ministry of Environment (MoE) • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence • General Department of areas of Environmental Protection and natural conservation. Environmental Protection H L M • Administration General Department of Nature Conservation and Protection Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts (MCFA) • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence H L M • General Department of Heritage area of Heritage Conservation Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training • Provide comments on project planning and implementation in (MoLVT) influence areas of child labor and Occupational Health and Safety M L L • General Department of Labour (OHS) 9 Parties Key stakeholders Key functions related to project Interests Impacts Influences High/ Medium / Low Ministry of Health (MoH) • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence areas of Health Protection and Hospital Service (Commune Health H L M Centre), HIV/AIDS prevention. Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MoWA) • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence areas of gender and health, Women and Child Violence Prevention M L L and GBV. Ministry of Land Management Urban • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) areas of land management and urban planning M L M • General Department of Land Management and Urban Planning Ministry of Planning (MoP) • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence • General Secretariat for Population areas of demography and development M L L and Development Ministry of Social Affairs Veterans and • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence Youth Rehabilitation (MoSVY) areas of social welfare and vulnerable/ disadvantaged groups M L L • General Department of Technical Affairs Ministry of Tourism (MoT) • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence areas of manage and maintain natural resorts, man-made resorts, H L M tourist centers, and tourist development Sub-national authorities (provincial, district, commune) Provincial Resettlement Sub-Committee • Provide comments on project planning and implementing in (PRSC) and Working Groups of Ratanakiri, influence areas of Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement H L H Mondulkiri, Stung Treng and Kratie. Provincial Halls of Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, • Provide comments on project planning and implementing in Stung Treng and Kratie. influence areas of gender equity, and women’s and children’s H L M • Women’s and Children’s Affairs issues. Committee Provincial Halls of Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, • Provide comments on project proposals and design in influence Stung Treng and Kratie. areas of collaboration in principles identification of provincial water H L M supply, irrigation infrastructure development, maintenance, 10 Parties Key stakeholders Key functions related to project Interests Impacts Influences High/ Medium / Low Provincial Unit of Inter-sector rehabilitation, resettlement and public safety. • Provincial Office of Construction Management and Development; and • Provincial Office of Legislation and Public Safeguard. Provincial Departments (PDs) in Ratanakiri, • Provide comments on project proposals, design, planning and Mondulkiri, Stung Treng and Kratie, and implementing in related influence areas by sector of each PD. Kampong Thom. H L M PDWRAM; PDAFF; PDRD; PDPWT; PDEF; PDH; PDEYS; PDE; PDCFA; PDCR; PDLVT; PDH; PDWA; PDLMUPC; PDP; PDSVY; PDT; EDC; and PDPTC. District Administration (in subproject areas) • Provide comments on project planning and implementing in related • District office of Land Management, influence areas of local land management, urban planning; Urban Planning, Construction & Land; agriculture, national resource and environment; and local conflict H L H • District office of Legislation and Local mediation and GRM. Conflict Mediation; and • Ombudsman Office Commune/Sangkat Administration (along the • Provide comments on project planning and implementing in related target roads) influence areas of its roles of serving local affairs, and performant duties of Manage necessary public services that these services work Commune/Sangkat (C/S) Committee for well, protect and preserve the environment and natural resources, H M H Women and Children (CCWC) and role of conciliating disputes between citizens. CCWC’s role and responsibilities in SEA/SH prevention, mitigation and intervention collaboration. PRIVATE SECTOR Civil construction companies, including primary • Participate in project planning and implementing suppliers (to be identified during project Inclusion of environmental and social requirements H L H implementation) Tourism Operators • Participate in project planning and implementing • Consider focus group meetings in addition to interviews during data H L L collection for socio-economic survey 11 Parties Key stakeholders Key functions related to project Interests Impacts Influences High/ Medium / Low Cambodia Chamber of Commerce, and • Participate in project planning and implementing in area of local targeted provincial Chambers of Commerce community investment. H L L The Association Banks in Cambodia • Participate in the planning and implementing of local community M L L development projects through banking and micro-finance. CIVIL SOCIETY / NON―GOVERNMENTAL NGO Forum • Provide comments on project proposals, design, planning and implementing in areas of Environment, Development, Human M L M Right, Indigenous People and Land Tenure. ADHOC provincial offices • Provide comments on project planning and implementing in SEA/SH service providers influence areas of human rights violation, human trafficking M L M abuse, land disputes and SEA/SH. Cambodia Indigenous People Organization • Provide comments, suggestions on project and subproject (CIPO) proposals, design, planning and implementation that may affect H L M livelihood/ economic activities of EM communities. World Wildlife Fund • Provide comments, suggestions on project activities that may affect biodiversity, including animals that are endangered and/or H L M threatened at site-specific. Farmer Water User Community (FWUC) • Provide comments on project proposals, design, planning and implementing in areas of own, operate and maintain the irrigation H L H system and infrastructures for cultivate land. Media: Fresh News, TVK, BTV • Understand the rehabilitation/upgrading of existing weirs, reservoirs, barrages, earthen embankments, irrigation channels, water distribution M L M system, etc. and make investment 12 Table 0-2 – Stakeholder Analysis of Project Affected and Interested Parties Groups Characteristics Interests or Concerns Proposed Strategies Affected Stakeholders People living or running People living along project They will be positively interested in the project as they have a need Consulted during field work at the concept stage businesses along the sections (to be determined) for better irrigation. They will be interested in the timing of to understand their views, expectations and irrigation canal, special including residents and vendors construction and how it will affect them. Women may be concerns. provisions for women, (including those running particularly interested as they run a lot of the small shops. children and those with restaurants, shops, tourism Will be consulted in village-level consultations to disability businesses, etc.). Special They will be interested in construction jobs and whether or not they introduce the project as well as to discuss and attention to women, including are impacted by land acquisition and/or business disruption. May disclose the draft Environment and Social vendors, those living with a also be concerned if there is a large influx of workers. Businesses Management Plan (ESMP) including a special disability and children. may be concerned about having works disrupt them and their focus on gender issues, jobs and the Grievance income. Redress Mechanism (GRM). Those living with a disability may be concerned about how they can Will be closely informed before and during civil access to their properties during constructions, attending works so they know the timeline. May also be consultation meetings, as well as access their houses when included in trainings, such as gender and road rehabilitation/upgrading of existing weirs, reservoirs, barrages, safety. earthen embankments, irrigation canal, etc. are carried out (e.g. how such concerns are considered and incorporated into designs of Women may need to be consulted individually, , provincial and subproject levels existing weirs, reservoirs, in particular regarding Gender Based Violence barrages, earthen embankments, irrigation channels, water (GBV) risks. distribution system, etc..). Project information boards. Women may be concerned about worker’s camp and the influx of workers, as well as potential road accidents. Women may also be interested in jobs. Children may be concerned about workers and potential dangers from road construction. People or businesses (To be confirmed during As above but would also be specifically concerned about land As above. Would also be closely consulted before impacted by Detailed Design) who will have acquisition impacts and interested on procedures and entitlements the socioeconomic baseline and Census as part involuntary land assets minimally impacted by and specific grievance redress mechanism for land acquisition of the Draft Basic Resettlement Plan, consulted acquisition (special land acquisition, in particular and/or the criteria, procedures, compensation and/or livelihood once draft RPs have been written, and during the provisions made as per concrete driveways and restoration measures related to involuntary land acquisition, land process of preparing Detailed Resettlement RPs if vulnerable overhanging roofs. During use restrictions, and involuntary resettlement. Plans, including defining entitlements and person) project preparation these AHs compensation rates and/or the process of 13 Groups Characteristics Interests or Concerns Proposed Strategies have expressed willingness to confirming compensations and implementation voluntarily donate (see below). of livelihood restoration measures. Project Information Booklets to be developed with specific information regarding land acquisition at different stages (detailed measurement, calculation of entitlements, etc.) If land acquisition is expected, it TBC TBC will be confirmed during project detailed design. People voluntarily People who live along the Interested about donation process, information about their rights, Will be consulted early on when project roads donating land to the irrigation channels who have grievance redress, project schedule. and irrigation canals have been defined. Full project, with special small assets/ parts of assets in information about rights and the project, provisions made for the subproject’s Corridor of including right to compensation and to refuse women and the Impact (COI), and choose to donation, will be provided as per guidance in the vulnerable donate it to the project RF and/or BRP. Special measures taken if following guidance in the necessary to ensure women and vulnerable are Resettlement Policy Framework appropriately consulted and have a chance to (RPF) voice their views. Indigenous Peoples To be determined during To be determined during detailed design. Could include concerns To be determined during detailed design, guided Groups (if found with detailed design about labor influx, land acquisition, encroachment on traditional by this SEP and the IPPF, and further refined collective attachment lands, cultural sites, economic loss due to impact on trees and crops, based on the Social Assessment part of the to project area) and cultural appropriateness Indigenous People’s Plan. Interested Stakeholders Frequent road users, People living close to the road as Users will be interested in case there are road closures during civil Provision of updates to keep updated on project special provisions as well as those travelling to works or impacts due to noise, dust or traffic congestion. Schools timelines and potential impacts and mitigation necessary for women markets, schools, health will also be interested in any potential negative impacts to children measures, including GRM. Disclosure of the and children centers, temples in select roads as they make their way to school, in particular due to traffic and ESMP in accessible locations, such as commune (TBD). Special attention to speeding (road safety), but also if there is a large labor influx of halls and the MOWRAM’s website, project women and children. workers which could impact the safety of children walking billboards. Conduct road safety trainings in unaccompanied. Women and children may be concerned about particularly targeted at school children and risks from workers. young men (since statistically they form the largest group of road accident victims). 14 Groups Characteristics Interests or Concerns Proposed Strategies Tourism operators (in Companies or individuals Business will likely be supportive of the overall project as having an Consulted during project preparation as part of particular for select running buses or other tourism- improved weirs/regulator, barrages, earthen embankments, etc. to document disclosure. Will be closely informed roads (TBD) related ventures not located on improve their business prospects in the long-term. In the short-term before and during civil works so they know the the road. they may be concerned about disruptions to their business due to timeline and expected disruptions. Project traffic delays caused by construction, dust, noise, visual disruptions, billboards. etc. Contractors’ local Contractors will hire local Locally recruited workers may be concerned about their salary, for PMU will ensure these issues are screened workers people for unskilled labor which instance, whether their salary is paid at the right rate, timely, and during bidding process (through application of may include female workers whether rest time, the appropriateness of workload and type of E&S specific requirements). Contractors will be (likely 15% target). Local work, particularly for female workers, if any, are well observed by required to follow E&S requirements, workers are temporary by hiring contractors. Female workers may also be concerned about particularly project’s LMP, and Contractors’ LMP. nature their safety at work, particularly those who may stay at workers’ Contractors’ performance will also be monitored camp, doing cleaning jobs, and others. by PMU’s SEO and PMU’s independent E&S monitoring consultant. Contractors will be required to ensure their workers, including local workers, are trained on social Code of Conduct (gender, SEA/SH, violence against children), workers’ work requirements, benefits, rights, including Contractors’ GRM, etc. Contractor is required to enter into contract even with local contractors to ensure the above requirements and benefits of local workers are known to locally recruited workers, including their rights and Contractors’ responsibility in observing labor contracts. Government, relevant Specific government ministries Responsible for overseeing and/or delivery of certain project Consultations/meetings before project authorities working on and departments at the components. Will want to do it on time and in line with project implementation to inform them of the project. reservoir, irrigation national, provincial, district and agreements. Will be interested if specific (negative) impacts to Ongoing communication, meetings and field work canals, and road, commune level responsible for women. between project authorities to ensure everyone is rehabilitation. Special road rehabilitation, community updated on timelines, objectives, mitigation attention to include consultation, land acquisition. measures, etc. Commune Women’s Project billboards. 15 Groups Characteristics Interests or Concerns Proposed Strategies Group and MOWRAM National Stakeholder Consultations to disclose RF, Gender Group. IPPF, SEP and ESMF. Government Specific government ministries Given the fact that roads link various sectors and services there will Ongoing communication, meetings and field authorities needing to and departments at the be many government stakeholders interested in rehabilitation or work as needed to ensure relevant government be consulted on national, provincial, district and that may need to be consulted. This will be specific to each road groups are updated on timelines, objectives, rehabilitation of commune level that may need section and will need to be defined with local authorities. mitigation measures, etc. Disclosure of ESMP reservoir, irrigation to be consulted due to their area and other project documents. Local canals, and road, or of responsibility (for instance consultations disclosing RP and ESMP. those that may be health centers or schools). interested Project billboards. National Stakeholder Consultations to disclose RF, IPPF, SEP and ESMF. NGOs interested in NGOs interested in ensuring Will want to ensure project does not create negative impacts for Meetings and ongoing communications, gender benefits to women as well as women or children including on GAP and ESMP relevant parts. dealing with issues relating to Disclosure of ESMP and RP. Local consultations. SEA/SH Posters on gender issues. National Stakeholder Consultations to disclose RF, IPPF, SEP and ESMF. NGOs working on EM If EM groups are identified, Will want to ensure project does not create negative impacts for EM Consulted as part of National Stakeholder issues NGOs interested in ensuring groups, including their culture and access to land and livelihood Consultations to disclose IPPF. Further benefits to IPs as well as sources consultations if IPs are identified during project protection of these groups, in implementation. particular issues relating to land and culture of IPs Road Safety Network Ensuring traffic standards are As a result of canal bank road rehabilitation speeding and traffic Meetings and ongoing consultation on road followed and the road safety is a may increase, potentially leading to an increase in road accidents safety measures. Disclosure of ESMP. priority and road accidents and and/or deaths if road safety is not well managed National Stakeholder Consultations to disclose deaths are reduced RF, IPPF, SEP and ESMF. Supply Chain Suppliers of materials for road Potentially low interest in the project but reasonable interest by Due diligence conducted by contractors to make construction, such as cement, project authorities, in particular MOWRAM as well as donors (World sure goods acquired for road construction come food, safety gear, etc. Bank), to ensure good labor standards and no indentured labor from sources with labor standards and no child or and/or child labor indentured labor 16 2.5 Summary of Project Stakeholder Needs Different groups of stakeholders prefer different ways of communication to notify them of project’s consultation sessions and enhance consultation effectiveness and outcome. For instance, electronic mails, telephone, website, Facebook, face-to-face meeting etc. could be used when consulting with representatives of local governments because these channels are official and are daily used for them. However, for community people, communication with them is typically through courier at village level, public loudspeakers, direct home visit, and phone calls. For vulnerable individuals and households who may not have phone access and may not be at home all the time, home visit and direct letter is more feasible. In the current situation of COVID-19, social gatherings for usual face-to-face consultation may be limited at certain time during project cycle. Identification of other methods to maintain communication and consultation with stakeholders, particularly vulnerable group, is essential. The table below summarizes preferred methods of communication that can be applied to ensure communication and consultation with project stakeholder are maintained during project implementation. 17 Table 0-3 – Communication Needs of Key Stakeholder Groups Key Groups of Stakeholders Key characteristics Language needs Preferred notification Specific Needs means (Accessibility, audio-visual aid, meeting time, venue) • AFFECTED GROUPS 1.1 BENEFICIARY GROUP 1. Individuals/households who use o Local indigenous o Letter o Public meetings organized at places improved existing weirs, reservoirs, language for EM Under COVID restriction: conveniently accessible (e.g., office of barrages, earthen embankments, irrigation peoples o Public loudspeakers village/ commune, village-level meeting channels, water distribution system, etc. o Khmer for o Project webpage, social hall..). 2. Individuals/households who can improve mainstream group media (Facebook and o Meeting time convenient and avoid work farm and non-farm business activities Telegram) time. For instance, meetings with farmers through rehabilitated/upgraded existing o TV/radio should be during low season (not during weirs, reservoirs, barrages, earthen harvest time). embankments, irrigation channels, water distribution system, etc. 3. Private and public sector (e.g., companies o Local indigenous o Letter, email o Meetings organized at places conveniently and enterprises who enjoy improved access language for EM Under COVID restriction: accessible. to irrigation system) peoples o Project webpage, social o Meeting with workers/officials could be over o Khmer for media weekends. mainstream group 1.2 ADVERSELY AFFECTED GROUP DISADVANTAGED/ VULNERABLE GROUPS Elderlies/ Disabilities o Local indigenous o Invitation letter o Meeting to be held at their house. o Elderly people in especially difficult language for EM delivered to home o Where needed, further assistance should be circumstance (e.g., living on their own peoples o Home visit for people sought (such as from caregiver, use of visual or having limited or no daily care) o Khmer for who have difficulties aids…) for affected people to understand and o Elderly people who are covered under mainstream group traveling (e.g., provide meaningful feedback government’s support program elderlies, disabilities) o People with disabilities (such as Under COVID restriction amputee, those who have long-term or o Public loudspeaker short-term physical, mental, o Drop letter at their intellectual or sensory impairments home 18 Key Groups of Stakeholders Key characteristics Language needs Preferred notification Specific Needs means (Accessibility, audio-visual aid, meeting time, venue) o TV/Radio o Poor households o Local indigenous o Public loudspeaker o Meetings organized in small groups at places o EM households language for EM o Home visit conveniently accessible and comfortable for o Poor individuals and households peoples o Media campaign to them (e.g., community house, village-level o Elderly people in especially difficult o Khmer for introduce project’s meeting houses, or at their own house). circumstance (e.g., living on their own mainstream group o Meeting time convenient to them (not or having limited or no daily care) affecting their daily subsistence activities) o Squatters may be reluctant and less o Individual meeting may be required with confident in making their voice heard female facilitator (for women-headed o Poor female-headed households, and households and single mothers) o Single mothers with dependent who o Transport allowance provided if travel to may be busy with home chore (e.g., meeting place affect their income childcare, cooking, income generation generation opportunities activities for daily subsistence; lack of confidence expressing ideas in public meetings; Income source is seasonal, precarious…) NON-VULNERABLE GROUPS Ordinary people o Local indigenous o Letter o Meeting at local meeting house; village o This group is diversified in terms of language for EM Under COVID restriction meeting hall, office of village/ commune, or means of livelihoods, including farming peoples o Public loudspeaker other local places conveniently and safely (rice/orchard/vegetable, fishing, o Khmer for o Letter to their home accessible aquaculture, etc.), non-farm business, mainstream group o Media campaign to o Consulting at convenient time (e.g., evening) hired labor; wage workers, shift introduce project’s for those who are busy during daytime, or workers, etc. website/ social media work far away from home o TV/radio COMMUNITY AT LARGE Communities located near civil works o Local indigenous o Public loudspeakers o Meeting at local meeting house; village o Living near the construction site language for EM o Project websites meeting hall, office of village/ commune, or o There is need for occasional job such as peoples o Letter other local places conveniently and safely unskilled workers under project’s civil o Khmer for Under COVID restriction accessible works mainstream group o Consulting at their home (for those having difficulties moving (people with disabilities, 19 Key Groups of Stakeholders Key characteristics Language needs Preferred notification Specific Needs means (Accessibility, audio-visual aid, meeting time, venue) o Possibly affected by environmental o Media campaign to the elderlies…), and those who are busy all pollution during construction introduce project’s daytime o Prone to risks related to labor influx website/ social media (e.g., public health, SEA/SH…) o TV/radio Communities located downstream of the subproject o Potentially affected (cumulatively) in the form of reduced water access, water pollution, etc. • INTERESTED GROUPS • Government at central levels o Have well established communication o Khmer language o Postal mail, emails, o Provision of relevant technical information, and correspondence system in place telephone documents on proposed project investments/ plans/ proposals • Government at provincial level o Khmer language o Postal mail, emails, • Services providers telephone • SEA/SH service providers Under COVID restriction • NGOs o Introduce project’s website/ social media o TV/radio COMMUNITY AT LARGE o Local indigenous o Public notice boards at language for EM commune office peoples o Village loudspeaker o Khmer for o Website/social media mainstream group o TV/radio 20 3. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM 3.1 Purpose and Timing of Stakeholder Engagement Program The main purpose of the stakeholder engagement program is to ensure that relevant project stakeholders are engaged by the project and participate fully in consultations during project design and implementation, particularly during stages stakeholders’ feedback on project’s proposed potential risks and impacts, including mitigation measures, are critical to informing project’s intervention strategy. The project will consult various project stakeholders at different stages of project cycles, particularly during initial design of existing weirs, reservoirs, barrages, earthen embankments, irrigation channels, water distribution system, etc. before and during construction. While both affected and interested stakeholders are invited to consultations, emphasis would be on people who are potentially adversely affected as a result of project activities, particularly vulnerable groups (including IPs). The SEP should be read in conjunction with project’s ESMF, site-specific ESMP, RPF, site-specific RPs, IPPF, IPPs). 3.2 Proposed Strategy for Information Disclosure Disclosure of project information refers to the activities that aim to make project’s key information timely accessible to identified project stakeholders in a form that is understandable to them, such as appropriate language, format, and presentation. Under CWSIP, project’s information will be disclosed during project preparation and project implementation on the websites of MOWRAM and MAFF. In addition to English version of all E&S instruments, Executive Summary of each E&S instrument will be disclosed in Khmer language on MOWRAM and MAFF’s website, and locally at communes located in the subproject area. 3.3 Proposed Strategy for Consultation with Vulnerable/Disadvantaged Groups Given the vulnerable and disadvantaged groups identified in Section 2.3 (above), table below will propose and implement differentiated measures so that adverse impacts do not fall disproportionately on the disadvantaged or vulnerable, and they are not disadvantaged in sharing any development benefits and opportunities resulting from the project. 21 Table 0-4 – Consultation strategy for poor/vulnerable/ disadvantaged groups Geographical E&S risks and impacts Key Consultation Key characteristics Disadvantaged areas from project activities techniques (Subproject level) Impacts Public meeting, FGD, ▪ Khmer or ethnic group ▪ May fall down to vulnerable group ▪ Loss of Land Household meeting, Non-Poor ▪ Stable income generation activities in the event of a shock (economic, ▪ Loss of assets on land Key informant interview ▪ Access to assets (lands) natural disaster…) ▪ Economic displacement ▪ Ethnic peoples ▪ Restricted access to land Public meeting, FGD, ▪ Restricted/ loss of Household meeting ▪ Landless, or have limited ▪ Area of influence Vulnerable ▪ Female-headed household with access to water Household meeting, FGD production land (with frequent (Probability dependents resources Household meeting ▪ Limited/no main labor at home project impact) of a ▪ Elderly people who live on their Household meeting (e.g., seasonal migrant worker(s); ▪ Beyond Area of household own without or with limited support Risks ▪ With one family member Influence (with falling below from their family member ▪ Risk of SEA/SH chronically ill, or live with disability occasional poverty in ▪ Households that don’t meet the ▪ Risk of exclusion, FGD, Household meeting and needs daily care project benefit) the future) above criteria but are confirmed by particularly for ▪ Elderlies who live on their own ▪ May include both community as poor household that vulnerable and poor ▪ Very young couple with more than upstream and need project’s support with certain two children, e.g., early marriage downstream ▪ Households/individuals living below disadvantages FGD, Public meeting ▪ Live in especially difficult Poor poverty line KHR10,951 per person ▪ Risk of traffic safety circumstances per day based on 2019 prices) ▪ Risk of community ▪ No access to project information health safety Household meeting ▪ Combination of various above (benefits, risks, impacts, redress Extremely ▪ Risk of discrimination characteristics procedure, etc.). Poor ▪ Risk of UXO ▪ Live at subsistence level 22 More specially, each type of vulnerable group, such as EM, women, elderlies, and so on, should be consulted using the followings. No. Groups Proposed Consultation Strategy o Engaging IP community members; o Engaging IP communities’ representative bodies and organizations and other community members where appropriate; o Use of audio-visual when consulting with IPs and translation into local Indigenous Peoples 1 IP’s language; Use also written language of IPs where possible; Groups o Provision of sufficient time for internal decision-making process; and; o Promote their effective participation during project design, particularly at subproject level to solicit their feedback for proposed mitigation measures to site-specific risks and impacts. o Use of sign language and other assistive tools, as required; o Translation into local language if they are from IP groups; Physically o Providing transportation to the meeting venues; where possible, visit 2 challenged persons them at the home for planned consultation; o Provision of sufficient time for internal decision-making process; o Meeting timing and duration based are suitable to participants o Having small, focused and short meetings where women will be comfortable asking questions or raising concerns; o Meeting schedules that do not to interfere with domestic activities; 3 Women o Venues should be located close to their homes; o Translation into local language; o Meetings with female participants are facilitated by female facilitators. o Providing transportation to the meeting venue; o Time and duration of meetings based on the input of potential participants; 4 The elderlies o Translation into local language; o Separate meetings for males and females; o Option of one-on-one interviews 3.4 During Project Preparation The purpose of disclosing project information during project preparation, particularly prior to Bank’s project appraisal, is to inform the project stakeholders of key information such as project purpose, activities, potential risks and impacts, proposed mitigation measures, and redress mechanism. Based on the information disclosed, the project consults people who are potentially affected, and those who are interested, to solicit their feedback on the disclosed draft environmental and social documents. Draft documents disclosed for consultation during this stage include Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), which includes Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (IPPF), Labor Management Procedures (LMP); Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP), and Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP). Disclosure was made on XXX 2023 on MOWRAM’s website (https://www.MOWRAM.gov.kh). 3.5 During Project Implementation Additional documents will be prepared to address site-specific environmetal and social risks and impacts, where required. These documents include Resettlement Plans (RPs), Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPPs), and Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMPs) that will be prepared for specific locations where construction will take place. Contractors will also prepare site-specific C-ESMPs. These site-specific documents will be prepared in accordance with the ESMF, RPF, and IPPF,and are disclosed for consultation before finalization for use. Consultations will be conducted with the relevant affected 23 and interested parties providing sufficient informaiotn to them, prior to beginning the implementation of sub-project activities. Prior to subproject implementation, relevant consultation outcomes will be considered, incorporated into subproject design, and reported back to communities prior to commencing the subproject works. Consultation process and outcomes will also be recorded in final ESIAs and ESMPs. As these documents are prepared for each civil work subproject, characteristics of local people and surrounding environment at each construction site (subproject) will be considered, including: • Anticipated environmental and social risks and impacts, and proposed mitigation measures, subproject implementation schedule for that subproject. • Compensation and support policies, including livelihoods restoration plan for individuals/ households, including vulnerable groups, who are affected by the subproject. • Grievance redress procedures. • Job opportunities that may be offered by project contractors (e.g., unskilled works) • Monitoring arrangements for subproject’s environmental and social risks and impacts, including possible involvement of affected and intererested people around the subproject site in monitoring the subproject’s risks and impacts. Please see Table 4 (below) for a summary of what and how project information will be disclosed during project cycles. 4. PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR CONSULTATION Consultation is a two-way communication process between the project’s implementing agency and project stakeholders. To facilitate the consultation process, the project will disclose project information (mentioned in Section 3.2 above) before consulting with them to solicit stakeholders’ meaningful feedback. During project preparation, consultations were organized on a representative basis for selected subprojects located in project provinces. Consulted people are those who are potentially affected by project’s civil works, particularly vulnerable groups, due to project’s potential environmental and social risks and impacts. During project implementation, consultation will be conducted with all people potentially affected at all subprojects. Key criteria that will be used to guide the consultations with stakeholders, particularly affected people at subproject level, include: o Prior to the implementation of any project activity (e.g., civil works subproject, or farm support sub-project activities, or development of policy action for improved water resources management), relevant consultation outcomes shall be considered and incorporated into subproject design/policy actions. Adjusted design for civil works and policy actions (based on previous consultation) need to be reported back to the same consulted communities for further feedback and confirmation prior to commencing the subproject works and enactment of policy reform. Consultation process and outcomes will be recorded in the final ESIAs and ESMPs prepared for respective subproject and policy actions. o Consultations will include both affected and interested stakeholders at subproject locations. People invited to consultation should include also vulnerable group, such as women, the elderly, people with disability. o Household interviews and focus group discussions will be conducted in a manner that is locally and culturally appropriate without interference or pressure so that consultation participants can speak freely. o Target participants will be notified of the planned consultation well in advance, and should be provided with key project information beforehand, e.g., in the form of project information 24 booklet, to familiarize them with the project context such as project activities, related environmental and social risks and impacts, etc. o Questions, comments, and suggestions provided by participants shall be collected and considered for incorporation into project design and implementation. Consulted stakeholders should be made aware of how questions/feedback not yet answered at consultation sessions would be addressed and responded in follow-up consultations or summarized and disclosed on the MOWRAM’s Facebook and website (www.MOWRAM.gov.kh). 25 Table 0-5 – Disclosure of Project Documents Project Stage List of Documents to be disclosed Method of Disclosure Timetable/ Location Target Stakeholders Responsibilities PROJECT ESMF (including LMP), RPF, IPPF, SEP National Consultation in Phnom Penh. 20 September 2022 • Relevant Ministries, line PMUs of PREPARATIO and ESCP. departments at provincial MOWRAM and N MOWRAM’s dedicated Facebook and and district level, NGOs, MAFF website (https://www.MOWRAM.gov.kh) CSOs, service providers, (Prior to WB’s • Representatives of people in Appraisal of Provincial and subproject level potential first-year Project) consultation in Mondulkiri and Kratie subprojects province 4 – 7 October 2022 PROJECT Site-specific ESMPs, including RPs, • Village level consultations, Additional consultations • People with assets located PMUs of IMPLEMENTATI IPPs. • House-to-house consultations when some Detailed road’s COI MOWRAM and ON Designs are available in first • Local beneficiaries MAFFESOs, CSC/ half of 2022 when project DDIS roads are determined ESMPs, focusing on particular risks • Local consultations Local consultations and • Affected and interested PMUs of and impacts, mitigation measures, • Trainings to Contractors disclosure of document in stakeholders MOWRAM and community health and safety, job • Training to workers February 2020. Other MAFFESOs, CSC/ opportunity, construction schedule, • Public Boards, Radio, Newspaper activities from March 2020 DDIS etc. • Posters onwards • Project website Key elements in IPP (such as Social • Local consultations, include consultations Locally in affected villages if • IPs impacted by the project, PMUs of Assessment, procedures for FPIC if separately with female and other any with special consideration for MOWRAM and applicable, GRM, etc.) if applicable vulnerable group women and/or the MAFF ESOs, DDIS • Posters and/or document in local vulnerable. language • • Village announcement (using local • Also include EM NGOs active loudspeakers) in the area (TBD) • IEC activities for public awareness raising • Other as determined necessary during implementation Monitoring reports • Local consultations July 2023 onwards MOWRAM, GDR, affected PMUs of • Project website stakeholders and WB MOWRAM and MAFF, ESOs and CSC/DDIS 26 4.1 Methods of Consultation Appropriate consultation methods will be used depending on stakeholders (e.g., government vs local people), consultation purpose considering the COVID-19 situation. Face-to-face consultation methods include a) pubic meeting, b) focus group discussion, c) key informant interview, and d) household interview. When social gathering is restricted due to local COVID–19, virtual consultation will be adopted – through use of popular application such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Zoom, and telephone. At community level, where people do not have access to these applications of phone, local loudspeaker, where available, will be used to reach out to community feedback collected through village leaders. Since there are various EM groups potentially present in the project areas, consultation with indigenous peoples (EM) will be in their local langugage. Where written language is available, project information booklet will be translated into local language and distributed before and during consultation with IPs (Please see methods/procedures used during consultation process with EM in project’s IPPF). • Consultations at National Level During project preparation, consultation at national level was conducted on 20 September 2022 at the office of MOWRAM in Phnom Penh. Participants at this consultation include representatives of governmental agencies and other interested groups. These consultations took the forms of pubic meetings. During detailed design and before subproject implementation, consultation will be conducted at provincial level and at commune level where the subproject is located (See summary of consultation results at national level at Annex 4). • Consultations at Local Level Consultation to prepare ESMPs for three select subprojects Two rounds of consultations were conducted for three selected subprojects (Svay Chrum, Kantout in Kratie province, and Srae Huy in Mondulkiti province). The first consultation was conducted from 20- 24 March 2023 based on initial design and the second consultation was conducted from 25-27 April 2023 based on updated engineering design (Please see consultation results in Annex 4). 27 Table 0-6 – Methods for Stakeholder Consultation Project Stakeholder Topic Method Location/ Views of Responsible Phase Frequency Women and/or Vulnerable AFFECTED PARTIES People • Project goal, activities, intended benefits… Under no COVID-19 restrictions Subproject Interviews with PMUs of affected by • Key anticipated environmental and social risks and impacts • Face-to-face (meetings, focus group locations women and MOWRAM and land • Proposed environmental and social mitigation measures discussions, consultation with key (commune/dis vulnerable as MAFF. and GDR acquisition • Ways to enhance project development effectiveness informants, household survey) trict level) applicable • Approach taken to ensure vulnerable groups are included in meaningful consultation during project implementation Under COVID-19 restrictions • Resettlement & compensation policies • Scheduled online meetings using • Options for voluntary donations Zoom, WhatsApp … • Livelihood restoration program for people significantly • Social media (project’s Facebook, affected website) • Occasional job opportunities available • Telephone • Grievance redress mechanisms • Local loudspeakers • Key project implementing agency People living • Detailed ESMPs. Under no COVID-19 restrictions Subproject Focus group PMUs of in the • Exact extent of works, including potential impacts • Face-to-face (meetings, focus group locations discussions with MOWRAM and proximity of • Timing discussions, consultation with key (commune/dis women and MAFF, and project • Project GRM informants). trict level) vulnerable, ESOs, CSC/DDIS roads • Potential job opportunities Under COVID-19 restrictions including IPs if (including • Community health and safety • Scheduled online meetings using relevant. schools, Zoom, WhatsApp… Priority given to hospitals, • Social media (project’s Facebook, unskilled job business website) opportunity owners) • Telephone • Local loudspeakers INTERESTED PARTIES 28 Project Stakeholder Topic Method Location/ Views of Responsible Phase Frequency Women and/or Vulnerable Authorities • The project, location of roads, potential impacts and Under no COVID-19 restrictions Project Asking PMUs of at Provincial, mitigation measures • Face-to-face (meetings, focus group provinces questions on MOWRAM and District and discussions, consultation with key women and MAFF Commune informants). vulnerable and level Under COVID-19 restrictions incorporate • Scheduled online meetings using commune Zoom, WhatsApp … women’s • Social media (project’s Facebook, groups in website) discussions • Telephone • Local loudspeakers Local • Project goal, activities, intended benefits… Under no COVID-19 restrictions Subproject Interviews with PMUs of (before WB project appraisal) • • Face-to-face (meetings, focus group PROJECT PREPARATION communities Key anticipated environmental and social risks and impacts locations women and MOWRAM and • Proposed environmental and social mitigation measures discussions, consultation with key (commune/dis vulnerable as MAFF, ESOs • Ways to enhance project development effectiveness informants). trict level) applicable with support • Approach taken to ensure vulnerable groups are included in Under COVID-19 restrictions from meaningful consultation during project implementation • Scheduled online meetings using consultants • Resettlement & compensation policies Zoom, WhatsApp … • Livelihood restoration program for people significantly • Social media (project’s Facebook, affected website) • Occasional job opportunities available • Telephone • Grievance redress mechanisms • Local loudspeakers • Key project implementing agency Relevant • The project, location of roads, potential impacts and Under no COVID-19 restrictions Phnom Penh Representatives PMUs of government mitigation measures • Face-to-face (meetings, focus group from Ministry of MOWRAM and agencies, discussions, consultation with key Women’s MAFF, ESOs NGOs and informants). Affairs and/or with support CSOs, NGO working from SEA/SH Under COVID-19 restrictions on gender consultants service • Scheduled online meetings using issues providers Zoom, WhatsApp … 29 Project Stakeholder Topic Method Location/ Views of Responsible Phase Frequency Women and/or Vulnerable • Social media (project’s Facebook, website) • Telephone • Local loudspeakers Indigenous TBC - Project impacts and benefits, IPPF, GRM, info gathering TBC - Local consultations, Social Subproject FGD with PMUs of Peoples for SA and IPP Assessment locations women and MOWRAM and (commune/dis vulnerable MAFF, and trict levels) ESOs, DDIS, EM Consultant (TBD) Road Users Safety, timing of works Signs, posters, trainings on road safety Subproject FGD with Contractor locations women and and/or road (commune/dis vulnerable safety trict level) consultant, supervised by ESO and DDIS/CSC Project Code of Conduct, community health and safety, labor Training and posters of code of conduct Subproject Training of Contractor, workers standards, GRM at worker’s camp, trainings on gender locations female work on supervised by and community health. (commune/dis risks of SEA/SH ESO and trict level) and relevant DDIS/CSC GRMs for SEA/SH and labor and working conditions Primary Labor standards, in particular indentured and child labor Due diligence checks and meetings Subproject Contractor, Suppliers locations supervised by (commune/dis SEO and trict level) DDIS/CSC 30 4.2 Brief Summary of Stakeholder Engagement Activities during Project Preparation Various consultation, most hold at subproject level, have been conducted during October 2022 and August 2023 to inform affected households of project activities and solicit their feedback on the E&S risks and impacts, and mitigation measures. The table below provide a summary of all consultation meetings, followed be details obtained from each meetings (See details in Annex 4). No. Time Province For Subproject/Project Level 1 September 20, 2022 Phnom Penh Project National level 2 October 2022 Mondulkiri • Srae Thom subproject Subproject level Kratie • Svay Chrum subproject 3 March 2023 Kratie • Kantout subproject Subproject • Svay Chrum subproject Subproject Mondulkiri • Srae Huy subproject Subproject 4 April 2023 Kratie • Kantout subproject Subproject • Svay Chrum subproject Subproject Mondulkiri • Srae Huy subproject Subproject 5 May 2023 Kratie • Svay Chrum Subproject Subproject 6 August 2023 Phnom Penh • Project National level 31 Table 0-7 – Consultation Sessions that have been hold during Project Preparation 32 Key contents of Timing and Locations Participants Key feedbacks Responses consultation Ministry of Water Resource Management Appreciate with CWSIP’s ESF that All environmental and social and Meteorology (MOWRAM) align with national regulations concerned issues are indicated General Department of Technical Affairs and policies such as LAR-SOP. in the EMP of ESF. Detail design should include all environmental and social safeguard aspects such as all infrastructures should have proper ecological studies and design such as fishway for all weirs. Obey Cambodian water law and the international law in transboundary context. MOWRAM willing to extend the CWSIP’s ESF for other target areas Environmental and such as coastal zone provinces. Social Framework Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Need to be clear input in gender LMP of the ESF was indicated at 20 September 2022 (WB-ESF), Fisheries (MAFF) mainstreaming especially related least 15% of the women work MOWRAM, Phnom Stakeholder General Directorate of Agriculture to labor forces. force will be used in each Penh Engagement Plan Fisheries Administration subproject. (SEP), and GRM. Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) Department of Rural Road Department of Rural Economy Development Department of Indigenous People Development Department of Community Development Ministry of Environment (MOE) General Department of Environmental ProtectionAdministration; and General Department of Nature Conservation and Protection Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MOWA) Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts (MOCFA) General Department of Technical Cultural 33 Ministry of Planning (MOP) General Secretariat for Population and Development Ministry of Interior (MOI) Does the scope of the project For this phase two potential National Committee for Sub-National cover the country or some of the subprojects were identified at 2 Democratic Development Secretariat regions? target provinces Mondulkiri (NCDDS) and Kratie. Why ESS9 was not apply in Project funding will not be Cambodia? provided by financial intermediaries (FI) Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) GDR would like to update the The RPF will be submitted to the General Department of Resettlement for progress of the RPF. MWS should GDR-MEF for review in 2nd Development Projects share the plan's procedural week of October after schedule in order to get the GDR submitting 2nd Draft RPF to WB involved in time. for review in 1st week of October. Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) School Health Department Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology The ESF should be shared to the All ESF’s documents will be and Innovation (MISTI) general public. posted publicly on MOWRAM’s website. Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training (MOLVT) General Department of Labour Ministry of Health (MOH) Directorate General for Health Ministry of Land Management Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) General Department of Land Management and Urban Planning Ministry of Social Affairs Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation (MOSVY) General Department of Technical Affairs Ministry of Tourism (MOT) Cambodia National Mekong Committee (CNMC) 34 35 4.3 Proposed Strategy to Incorporate the View of Vulnerable Groups Feedback of affected people, particularly of vulnerable individuals and groups is key to designing mitigation measures and avoiding or minimizing the disapprotionate project impact on them. Under this project, individuals and households from vulnerable groups are generally poor. They include also indigenous peoples who may be very small in population. Some may still practice swidden agriculture and are distinctive in their customs and habits. Some may lead precarious life and do not have or have very limited connection with the mainstream groups through small-scale agricultural trading. Because of these reasons, vulnerable individuals and households may have limited access to day-to-day support outside their family, or social network, support their living. Notifying vulnerable groups, particularly the IP group, of project consultation events may face certain difficulties because they are not always home and have phone access. Special effort will be made by MOWRAM and MAFF to reach out and ensure they can participate in project consultation – whether they are adversely affected or not. To ensure the opinion of vulnerable groups could be incorporated into project design and implementation, it is important that the process of consultation with them (including appropriate use of consultation methods) be considered and prepared thoroughly. This process includes a) notification, b) organization of consultation, and c) incorporation of feedback into project design and implementation. • NOTIFICATION Identified vulnerable individuals and households should be visited at their home to deliver invitation to attend consultation sessions. Home visits help consultation organizing unit understand the living conditions and means of livelihoods of the affected vulnerable and as such can assess the likelihood of their participation in planned consultation meeting. In cases household members are not at home at the time of home visit, effort should be made to visit them again at another time or visit in the evening. Where face-to-face contact to notify the vulnerable people of consultation meeting is not feasible due to COVID-19 restriction, invitation for consultation may be dropped in front of their house, or at place that is easily found. In village where community radio is available, radio can be used to broadcast invititation message at time when the target group may listen to them. Radio announcement should be repeated a number of times to reach as many people as possible. An alternative way could be the use of a communication vehicle (a car or a motorbike) to approach vulnerable people and play the recorded consultation invitation. It is important that the notification be made well in advance of planned consultation meeting to provide people sufficient time to prepare, particularly for those who are busy during cropping season, and/or fulltime caregivers. • ORGANIZATION OF CONSULTATION For general feedback on a subproject, public hearings or community meetings can be used. However, for issues that are specific to certain groups of stakeholders, such as those that are vulnerable or disadvantaged, focus group discussion should be used. When focus group discussion is planned, individuals with homogenous characteristics should be invited to one group. For example, people from the same EM group should be invited together. People affected by the same type of impact, such as physical relocation, or temporary business disruption, should be invited to one group to be able to collect their in-depth feedback. Similarly, female people who are expected to share gender-sensitive opinion such as family’s labor division, domestic violence, should be invited to separate group. Female facilitators should be arranged to moderate discussions for female groups. Where possible, consultation should be organized for people of same socioeconomic status. − 36 − Health and safety measures must be in place and taken by consultation organizing unit to avoid/reduce the risks of COVID-19 transmission, especially when face-to-face consultation is carried out, regardless of number of participants. Free sanitizers and medical masks should be arranged beforehand at the consultation venue in case participants need them. Spacing should also be exercised as recommended by local government at the time of consultation. Instructions by local government on COVID-19 prevention measures should be strictly followed when face-to-face consultations are carried out. • INCORPORATION OF FEEDBACKS The feedback of vulnerable peoples on project’s risks and impacts, mitigation measures, and grievance redress, etc. are important during project design. While the quality of feedback is affected mostly by the first two steps (notification and organization of consultation), diligent consideration of collected feedback and consistent incorporation of these feedbacks into project design and implementation is of utmost importance to ensure identified risks and impacts could be avoided or reduced. Feedback should be incorporated carefully and consistently across relevant documents, such as site-specific ESMP, IPP, and RP (if relevant) – in a manner that draws the attention of implementing stakeholder who are in charge, and dedicated implementation. 4.4 Timelines The following tables provide a summary of key activities. Table 7 – Indicative Timeline Activities Project Phases Timelines Responsibilities Locations National consultations for disclosed Conceptual Design, 20 MOWRAM and Phnom Penh documents (ESMF, RPF, IPPF, LMP, Prior to World Bank September consultants SEP and ESCP) Appraisal 2022 Local consultations, to introduce Implementation: 4-7 October MOWRAM and Project project, screening on IPs, extent of Detailed Design 2022 consultants Provinces: land acquisition, detailed design, Mondulkiri and project impacts, etc. Kratie If land acquisition impacts, detailed Implementation: TBD GDR, MOWRAM Project measurement and preparation of Detailed Design and consultants Provinces Detailed RPs. Disclosure of ESMPRPs if applicable Implementation: Prior to MOWRAM and Project Detailed Design subproject consultants (and Provinces bidding GDR if land RP will be acquisition) implemented prior to start of construction works If applicable, preparation of If IPs are found, in line TBD ESOs with support Project Indigenous Peoples’ Plan and Social with WB ESS7, in from DDIS Provinces Assessment MOWRAM’s (additional IPP subprojects consultant may also be needed) − 37 − Works commence, implementation Civil Works TBD Contractor, SEOs, Project of Detailed RP ahead of civil works Design and Provinces (i.e., delivery of entitlements), Supervision hiring of local workers, trainings on Consultants, GDR gender, trainings for contractors (if land acquisition) and staff, etc. Delivery of IPP if applicable. 4.5 Future Phases of Project During project preparation, all project stakeholders were kept informed of project purpose, proposed activities, environmental and social assessment of risks and impacts, E&S management plan, and grievance redress procedure. During project implementation, affected parties will be informed and consulted if project’s ES documents are updated, or when site-specific ESMPs and/or site-specific RPs are prepared. The documents, if updated, will be disclosed through the same channels where the previous versions were disclosed. Performance of environmental and social instruments, stakeholder engagement plan, and grievance redress mechanism will also be reported to relevant affected parties. With regards to grievance redress mechanism, complainants will be informed of steps and progress made in complaint resolution during the grievance resolution process. The project will report at least bi-annually to stakeholders in the form of stakeholder progress meeting in the office of MOWRAM PMU but will report more frequently during periods when project activities are actively carried out such as during consultation, compensation payment, construction, and resettlement process. 5. RESOURCES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTING STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES 5.1 Resources The PMU will oversee overall implementation of stakeholder engagement activities – both project and subproject levels, throughout project life. PMU will engage consultants – at both levels, and ensure consultants directly involved in the design of each subproject carry out consultation with subproject stakeholders timely and appropriately and using the stakeholder engagement approach set forth in this document. The table below provides contact information of key environmental and social PMU members that can be reached to provide comments, feedback, or raise questions about the project. In case there is change to the following personnel, this SEP will be updated to reflect new staff arrangements and will be disclosed through the same channel to keep project stakeholders informed. Changes will also be updated accordingly in material distributed for consultation. − 38 − Table 8 – PMU’s Environmental and Social Members and Contact Information Contact PMU Manager PMU Social PMU GRM Focal Point information Officer Environmental Officer MOWRAM Name Mr. Imsoursdey Mrs. Lang Mr. Hen Visal Mrs. Lang Sokkim Sokkim Postal address Email suasdeyim@yahoo.c sokkimlang71@ visnuka2@gmail.c sokkimlang71@gm om gmail.com om ail.com Phone number Tel. 012 851 630 089 739 996 099 671 672 089 739 996 MAFF Name Dr.Mak Soeun Mr.Kann Salorn Environmental Mr.Kann Salorn Officer Postal address 54B/49F, Street 395- Building of Building of Building of 656, Agricultural Agricultural Agricultural Sangkat Toeuk Engineering Engineering Engineering Laak3,Khan Department. Department. Department. Tuol Kork, Phnom Hanoi Hanoi Blvd(1019), Hanoi Blvd(1019), Penh, Blvd(1019), Sangkat Sangkat Cambodia. Sangkat Kouk Khleang, Kouk Khleang, Khan Kouk Khleang, Khan Sen Sen Khan Sen Sok, Phnom Penh Sok, Phnom Penh Sok, Phnom Cambodia. Cambodia. Penh Cambodia. Email maksoeun168@gmai kannsalorn@g chaosinh@gmail.c kannsalorn@gmail. l.com mail.com om com Phone number +855(0)12826617 +855(0)126200 +855(0)12762233 +855(0)12620012 12 Adequate budget for stakeholder engagement activities will be allocated from the overall project cost, which will include cost for organizing meetings, workshops, trainings, hiring of staff, field visits to subproject locations, translation and printing of relevant materials, billboards, and operating project GRM (See also Chapter 8 – Costs and Budget). The cost for implementation and monitoring of environmental and social mitigation measures at construction sites will be integrated into the construction overhead and will be borne by the contractors. 5.2 Management Functions and Responsibilities Institutional arrangements for implementation will follow the Government’s institutional structure. Under this project, as the Implementing Agencies (IA), the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM) will establish a Project Management Unit with a Project Director, a Project Manager, and Social and Environment Officers (SEOs). MOWRAM’s Project Director, Project Manager, and Environment and Social Officers will be directly responsible for leading the implementation of the SEP by provincial PMU such as PDWRAM and PDAFF − 39 − during project implementation. Consultant (a full-time Social Officer) will be engaged under PMU of MOWRAM and MAFF to oversee the SEP implementation of the PMUs under MOWRAM and MAFF, respectively. The project’s contractors or consultants will be responsible for implementing certain part of the SEP under the supervision of PMU’s SEOs. Under the guidance of the PD/PM, the SEOs will be responsible for: • Leading, or supervising organization of consultations as described in SEP; • Leading, or supervising the disclosure of information as per SEP; • Establishing, maintaining, regularly updating the Project Grievance Logbook; • Reviewing monthly monitoring reports provided by project contractors and consultants; • Reporting regularly to the Project Director. Stakeholder engagement activities set out in this SEP will be evaluated periodically by PMU in line with specific stakeholder engagement activities described in respective ESMP, RPs, IPP, and other relevant project documents. Project stakeholders such as affected and interested people will be encouraged to take part in monitoring project activities at subproject level. The SEO has been supported and trained by the national consultants during the project preparation phase. During project preparation, the SEOs will be further trained to be able to perform their assigned tasks appropriately. − 40 − Table 9 – Responsibilities for SEP Implementation Responsibilities • Review and approves monthly reports on grievance redress and stakeholder engagement Project • Keeps World Bank informed on the implementation of the SEP Director • Oversee SEO and the process of grievance redress and stakeholder engagement • Submits monthly reports to the Project Director • Implement stakeholder engagement activities as described in the SEP, including consultations, disclosure, trainings on gender-based violence, road MOWRAM safety, etc. • Coordinate with village and commune authorities and contractor on the grievance redress mechanism, following up those grievances are recorded ESO and promptly resolved • Oversee stakeholder engagement activities being conducted by the contractor and/or DDIS/CSC consultants • Coordinate with other agencies involved such as GDR • Leads the process of consultation on voluntary donations • Leads the process of identification of Indigenous Peoples AT SUBPROJECT LEVEL During Subproject Design • Develop a communication plan that consider all potential subproject stakeholders: potential affected stakeholders and interested parties • Liaise, build and maintain constructive relationships with, and manage the relationships with identified stakeholders, particularly with those who are adversely affected by the subprojects, including vulnerable/disadvantaged groups (e.g., land impacts, water use conflicts, impacts on livelihoods…) Consultants During Pre-Construction • Develop detailed consultation plan with confirmed adversely affected group (e.g., permanent land acquisition, temporary impact on livelihood activities, During Construction • Environmental impacts, including E&S risks on groups prone to these risks. During subproject operation • Temporary/seasonal restriction to water access (e.g., potential conflicts between upstream and downstream population) • Lead consultations on land acquisition, including on the detailed MEF GDR measurement survey, calculation of entitlements, compensation rates, project schedule, etc. • Responsible for its own GRM relating to land acquisition • Carry out consultations with stakeholders on project timeline, mitigation of civil work activities (such as dust, traffic), informs stakeholders about jobs • Ensure careful consideration of women and vulnerable groups, including them in consultations and that they don’t miss out on job opportunities Contractor Chief Engineer • Conduct training on Code of Conduct for workers, including on appropriate behavior and relations with community and gender-based violence • Conduct trainings and awareness activities on road safety • Conduct due diligence on supply chain to screen for child labor and indentured labor − 41 − • Conduct site visits and interviews on to assess progress of voluntary donations and/or land acquisition to review progress and identify any issues • Assesses the progress, accessibility and efficiency of the GRM Independent ES Environment • Conduct trainings on gender-based violence, HIV/AIDS, road safety and Monitoring and Social others as described in this SEP and/or as required by MOWRAM Consultant Experts • Assist in the identification of Indigenous Peoples, working with the SEO • Prepare the targeted Social Assessment and IPP if relevant, or this may be the task of a separate consultant • Build capacity of SEO staff to deliver SEP 6. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 6.1 Objective of the project GRM The objective of the GRM is to provide affected persons with redress procedures that can be conveniently used to raise a project related concern or grievance. The GRM guides how a complaint can be lodged, including forms and channels through which a complaint can be submitted. To facilitate the grievance resolution process, grievances received will be acknowledged in writing and solved within a specified timeframe. During the resolution process, where necessary, dialogue will be held with aggrieved person for mutual understanding and effective resolution. Once a complaint is resolved, the aggrieved person will be notified of the resolution results. The GRM has sequential steps that aggrieved person can use. If the aggrieved person is not satisfactory with the grievance resolution result, or if their complaint is not resolved within the timeframe specified for a particular step, aggrieved person can move on to the next step which is higher in resolution hierarchy. The project has an appeal process where complainant can resort if they are not satisfied with a resolution decision at a particular step, or their complaints are not resolved within a specified timeframe. 6.2 Summary of national legislation related to grievance and complaint The RGC has various laws and sub-decrees that have been in place to guide the implementation of the complaint resolution process. These documents specify the right of the complainants as well as the responsibilities of concerned governmental agencies as to complaint resolution. Relevant legal documents include: • Law on Expropriation (dated 26 February 2010); • Labor Law (dated 13 March 1997, amended on 20 July 2007 and 26 June 2018); • Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence and Protection of Victims (dated 24 October 2005); • Sub-decree No. 22 ANK/BK (2018) on Standard Operating Procedures for Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement for Externally Financed Projects in Cambodia. Guidelines for Grievance Redress Mechanism (Appendix 8); • Law on Administrative Management of Capital, Provinces, Municipalities, Districts and Khans (dated 22 May 2008) – Section 6 on Solution of Local Conflicts; • Sub-decree No. 22 (25 March 2002) on Decentralization of Roles, Functions, and Power to Commune Councils (Article 61: duty to promote the role of conciliating disputes between citizens); • Sub decree No 47 ANK.BK (31 May 2002) on Organization and Functioning of the Cadastral Commission (Chapter 4 – District/Khan Level Conciliation). − 42 − 6.3 Principles of Project GRM Under this project, the following principles are applied: • Channels. Different channels are established to enable affected person to submit their grievances, including submission to village committee, as well as district and provincial levels. • Forms. Grievances can be submitted in writing and verbally, and either directly by the affected households, or by a person delegated by the complainant. • Complainant can delegate a representative who acts on their behalf. A person lodging a grievance can ask assistance from their family or from individual to act as their representative. • Disclosure. GRM procedures are disclosed in public domain (e.g., websites of PMU, public notice board at village hall, and in front of substation). • Documentation. A grievance logbook will be maintained at substation (subproject level) and at PMU level (through PMU GRM focal point). • Transparency. Grievance procedures include steps, time frame for grievance resolution for each step, notification to affected person, how decision is made. • Complaints will be acknowledged. The unit in charge of complaint resolution will notify complainant upon complaint receipt and will initiate the complaint resolution process. • Appeal. If the agency in charge does not resolve a grievance in a manner that is satisfactory to the affected person, a multistakeholder committee will be established (ad-hoc) to resolve the dismissed grievance – as an alternative for affected person going to court. • Monitoring. All grievances received are recorded by PMU and relevant substations, and are processed/resolved in a given timeframe, and are monitored by PMU GRM focal point. • Time-limit for grievance resolution is specified for each step. • Complainants bear no costs associated with the entire complaint resolution process. However, if the complaints bring their case to court, they will bear the costs associated with their lawsuit. • Any grievance concerning urgent health and safety issues shall be resolved immediately. 6.4 Description of Project’s Redress Procedures The project has in place complaint handling procedures for three types of potential grievances, including grievances related to 1) land acquisition, 2) labor and working conditions, and 3) sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual harassment (SEA/SH). These procedures are established based on the above GRM principles and are in accordance with pertinent national legislation. The GRM for complaints related to land acquisition is provided in the project’s Resettlement and Policy Framework (RPF). The GRM for project workers, which follows a different procedure is described in the Labor Management Procedures. GRM related to SEA/SH is established in accordance with pertinent national laws and the World Bank’s guidance on SEA/SH and is described in project’s LMP (see LMP for details). A summary for these three procedures is provided below: 6.4.1 Redress Procedure for Complaints related to Land Acquisition Under this project, to facilitate the grievance redress, the informal and formal steps are combined for convenient use of affected people, as follows: − 43 − • Step 1 − Commune/Sangkat level. APs will seek assistance from commune/Sangkat chief or community elderlies who will discuss with the leader of the PRSC-WG to find a solution. Verbal grievance can be provided to the commune/Sangkat chief or community elderlies. So, no written complaint is required. It is noted that even if the complaint is made verbally, the complaint will be registered in project’s logbook, including resolution process and result for such verbal grievance for monitoring purpose. Upon receipt of the verbal complaint, the PRSC-WG will consult with the IRC-WG to ensure the complaint is addressed timely. If the grievance is not resolved to the satisfaction of the AP, or if the AP prefers, s/he may lodge their complaint through the formal route which includes the steps below. • Step 2 − District level. AH can lodge a written complaint to the Head of the District Office (where the subproject is located). The AH can bring a community elderly or their representative to discuss their grievance at the District Office. A conciliation meeting shall be held and a decision be made within 15 working days from the date of complaint is received by the District Office. If the complaint is resolved to the satisfaction of the AH, the IRC-WG will inform GDR’s Department of Internal Monitoring and Data Management (DIMDM) who will review and seek the approval of the Director General of GDR for appropriate remedial action. GDR will inform the AF of the decision/ remedial action within 15 working days from the receipt of the grievance by the District Office. If the complaint is rejected at this step, District Office will inform the AH of the rejection in writing. If the complainant is not satisfied with the decision/resolution result, s/he can proceed to step 3 (below). • Step 3 − GDR level. The complainant who is not satisfied with proposed resolution from Step 2 shall lodge a written complaint to the GDR for resolution.The GDR, through its DIMDM, will carry out a holistic review of the complaint and submit a report on its findings with the relevant recommendations, if any, to the Director General of GDR for review and decision. GDR may conduct a field visit to meet the complaint and the IRC-WG to gather relevant information. The final report must be completed within 30 working days from the date of receipt of the complaint by GDR for submission to the Director General of GDR who will make a final decision within 5 working days of receipt of the final report. In the event that the subject matter requires a policy level intervention, it will be referred to the IRC for a decision which may require that an additional 10 working days be extended from the original deadline for final decision. • Step 4 − Provincial level. AH will submit a written complaint to the PGRC through the Provincial Governor's Office. The complainant or a representative will be given an opportunity to present its case during a meeting and the PGRC may consider any compelling and special circumstances of the AH to inform their decision. The GDR will send a representative, as a non-voting member, to provide an explanation to the rejection of the complaint at Step 3 with the GDR. The decision of the PGRC must be made on a consensus basis and will be final and binding except when the matter relates to government’s policy. Decisions related to government’s policy matters on land acquisition and resettlement are decided by the IRC. The PGRC will have 40 working days from the date of receipt of the complaint to reach a final decision. The decision of the PGRC will be sent to the IRC (through the GDR) for endorsement before any remedial action is taken. There are no fees or charges levied on the AH for their lodgment of complaint and for complaint resolution for the above 4 steps. • Step 5 − Court of Law. If the aggrieved person prefers filing a lawsuit at the Provincial/Municipal Courts, as applicable, to seek a resolution, AP can do so but will bear cost related to the lawsuit as per the Expropriation Law. When the case is brought to a Court of Law, there is no involvement of the GDR, PRSC or IRC-WG unless there is a judicial order from the competent courts. − 44 − 6.4.2 Redress Procedure for Complaints related to Labor and Working Conditions Project workers can lodge their grievance/complaint as follows: • Step 1 – Employer Level (Contractor and Subcontractor). Aggrieved person (AP) can submit their grievance to their Employer who serves as the first focal point for receiving and resolving grievance. Grievance can be lodged verbally or in writing, in person or by phone, text message, mail or email (anonymous complaint is accepted). The Employer involved will resolve the case no later than 15 working days. Once resolved and the AP is satisfactory, the Employer will report the case, including resolution process and results, to the SEO of the MOWRAM for information and record. If the AP is not satisfied with the resolution of their Employer, the Employer will refer the AP to the SEO of MOWRAM, if needed and inform the AP of this referral. It is noted that if a complaint concerns the safety and health of one or several individuals, such complaint shall be resolved as soon as possible – depending on the nature and urgency of the grievance. • Step 2 – PMU level. MOWRAM SEO will resolve the complaint referred to by the Employer (Step 1) and acknowledge receipt of the AP’s complaints within two weeks from the date of complaint receipt. If the SEO of MOWRAM cannot resolve the complaint, the SEO Team will consult with the Project Manager/Director for resolution. The SEO of the MOWRAM will inform the AP (in writing) of the PMU’s resolution result within 30 days from the date of complaint receipt. If the AP is not satisfied with the resolution result proposed by PMU, PMU will refer the case to the Project Steering Committee of the project and shall inform the AP (in writing) of this referral. • Step 3 – Project Steering Committee level. At this level, the case will be resolved no later than 21 days. The AP will be informed of the resolution decision in writing. In case the grievance has not been solved within the specified timeframe, or the AP does not agree with the proposed resolution, the AP can approach the Labor Inspector of his/her province or municipality. • Step 4 – Court of Law. If the AP is not satisfied with the resolution proposed above, a multistakeholder committee will be established (ad-hoc) to resolve the dismissed grievance – as an alternative for affected person going to court. If the grievance could not be resolved satisfactorily by the multistakeholder committee, the affected person may resort to the court of law. The cost associated with the lawsuit shall be borne by the AP. The decision of the Court will be final. 6.4.3 Redress Procedure for Complaints related to SEA/SH Under the project, the GRM for SEA/SH mainly serves to: (i) refer complainants to a local GBV service provider; and (ii) record resolution of the complaint. In line with the above, the following principles apply so as to recognize SEA/SH victim as principal decision makers in their own care, and treat them with agency, dignity and respect for their needs and wishes: ▪ Multiple channels are in place for easy access and lodge complaints. ▪ SEA/SH survivors will be referred to a local GBV service provider for immediate support if they make a complaint directly to PMU. ▪ Confidentiality of survivors is protected. GM operator (at PMU and local GBV service providers) will keep confidential for SEA/SH allegation report. ▪ No identifiable information on the survivor shall be collected and stored in Project Grievance Logbook. ▪ Costs of operating the SEA/SH GRM will be covered by the project. It is noted that under the project, GBV service provider will be engaged for subprojects that are rated “Moderate�, or higher − based on SEA/SH risk assessment as part of site-specific ESMP. − 45 − The following channels can be used to submit a grievance related to SEA/SH: + Channel 1 – AP who believe the SEA/SH incidence is related to project workers can follow steps outlined in Section 6.4.2 (above) to lodge a SEA/SH complaint. + Channel 2 – Alternatively, AP can lodge their complaint, verbally or in writing, to the GRM’s Focal Point within the SEO of MOWRAM for advice and resolution (contact of GRM Focal Point is provided in Section 5.1 (Resources). + Channel 3 – If AP wants to bring the case to the Court of Law, AP can follow steps below for prosecution. Prosecution related to SEA/SH is administered under the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure and is as follows: • Step 1 – Judicial Police. SEA/SH victim or a representative can submit their grievance to a local Judicial Police (JP) Officer. JPs include a) Commune/ Sangkat Chief, b) Commune/ Sangkat/ District/ Provincial/ National Police, and c) District/ Provincial/ National Military Police. The JP is responsible for receiving, recording complaints, and may conduct preliminary investigations to identify and arrest the perpetrator. The JP will also collect evidence to support the prosecutors. If the SEA/SH happens at home and/or falls under the domain of domestic violence (as per Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Protection of Victims), the SEA/SH survivor may seek support from a local qualified Judiciary Police Officer (appointed by the Ministry of Women’s Affairs) who can act as a complaining party on behalf of the SEA/SH survivor4. • Step 2 – Prosecutor. Upon receiving the completed written record from the JP, the prosecutor can decide on if the prosecutor will hold a file without processing it further or conduct proceedings against the perpetrator. The prosecutor may bring the case to the Court of Law and present the evidence in Court hearings. • Step 3 – Investigation by Judge. During this step, the investigating Judge will conduct interrogation of the charged person and perform other required investigation procedure. • Step 4 – Hearing. After issuing an order of indictment, the investigating Judge will submit the case to the trial court president who shall arrange a date for the trial. The decision of the Court on SEA/SH resolution is final. 6.4.4 Redress Procedure for General Complaints In case individuals, households, or communities are affected by any other aspects, for instance, environmental impacts such as increased dust, noise, or lack of safety measures that increase risks of traffic accident to road users or to local EM, various channels will be established for convinient use by affected parties, including IPs. These include: o PMU GRM focal point’s telephone (See Section 5.1 – Resources). o Local EM leaders (in case affected individual/households are EM) 4 In 2007,Inter-Ministerial Prakas No. 64 was issued by the Ministry of Women's Affairs (MoWA) and the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) appointing MoWA officials who have legal qualifications to be officials of the MoWA Judicial Police. The roles and authority of the JPO under MoWA is defined in the MoWA’s Prakas No. 072 KKN/BS (2007) and is as follows: (1) act as a plaintiff representing the victim (2) prepare reports and records (3) monitor and follow up on relevant investigations (4) follow up on Court’s proc edures (decisions and convictions). In addition, Prakas of the Ministry of the Interior (No. 3840, 2020) on Establishment and Functioning of the Commune/ Sangkat Committee for Women and Children, has defined the roles and responsibilities of these Committees in prevention, mitigation and collaboration with juridical agencies to prevent, resolve cases related to domestic violence, sexual abuses, sexual harassment, human trafficking (such as exportations of women and children in commune/ sangkat for sexual exploitation). − 46 − o Contractor’s hotline: to report cases that they think contractors can solve timely (contact detail of Contractos will be posted at construction sites, and distributed to IPs (through Subproject Information Booklet) during consultation, and post at public billboard of Commune/Sangkat offices, pagodas, etc. o Commune/Sangkat offices 6.5 Registration of Project Grievance The SEO, Project Managers within MOWRAM is responsible to establishing and maintaining the project grievance logbook (PGL). The PGL will be established by the SEO to record all concerns/ grievance that are submitted by project stakeholders during project implementation. In case there is serious complaint, the World Bank should be notified of these complaints within 24 hours of complaint receipt (See Annex 3 for Guidance for establishing and maintaining Project Grievance Logbook). 7. MONITORING AND REPORTING 7.1 Monitoring The objective of internal monitoring of SEP implementation is to ensure activities set out in SEP are carried out timely and appropriately. Under the overall guidance of the Project Director and Manager, the ESOs of MOWRAM are responsible for monitoring activities described in this SEP. During project implementation, the SEOs will prepare monthly internal monitoring reports for SEP activities, including activities to be carried out under IPP. Activities undertaken under RPs will be monitored by the GDR as described in the project’s RPF. Internal monitoring by MOWRAM will focus on: • Level of understanding of the project and project objectives, including in relation to labor and community health and safety; • Levels of impacts within expected parameters (more/less); • Community feedback incorporated into project design and planning; • Adequacy and success of implementation of mitigation measures; • Main grievances and efficacy of GRM; • Overall community satisfaction; • The process for voluntary land donations; • Ease of approaching contractors and/or the SEOs, including timely acknowledgement and resolution of questions and/or complaints; • Type of information disclosed; • Methods used for stakeholder engagement; • Minutes of consultation meetings; • Number of staff working on Stakeholder Engagement, and • Plans for the next month and long-term plans. 7.2 Monitoring of Project Stakeholders During project implementation, communities who will benefit from the project and people who are potentially affected adversely by the project will be encouraged join in participatory monitoring of activities which potentially affect them. These activities may include construction/rehabilitation of civil − 47 − works at subproject level that may cause temporary environmental risks and impact, as well as impacts related to land acquisition, potential risks related to the influx of labor, road safety, community health and safety (as described in the project’s LMP). 7.3 Reporting Back to Stakeholders MOWRAM’s SEOs will ensure feedback from affected and interested parties, including grievances submitted by affected persons will be processed/resolved adequately and reported timely to affected parties. The method of reporting back to stakeholders will depend on the stakeholder itself. There are essentially two main methods: • For National-level stakeholders, an email and/or official letter will be sent after workshops on how comments/suggestions were considered; • For local stakeholders, follow-up meetings/consultations will be conducted to let stakeholders know on how comments/suggestions were taken into account; • For Indigenous Peoples, , ongoing consultations will be conducted in line with this SEP and IPPF will ensure that EM’s view/concerns/suggestions are incorporated into project implementation and are informed of how project responds to their feedback. 8. COSTS AND BUDGET 8.1 Costs Indicative costs for SEP implementation are estimated during project preparation (see Table 10 below) for the purpose of budget planning. The actual costs of SEP implementation depend on the scope and activities to be carried out during project preparation and implementation. The estimated cost below may be updated once the list of subprojects is finalized. Costs incurred as disclosure materials and public consultations are covered by counterpart funding and are estimated in the project’ SEP. 8.2 Budget The budget for implementing SEP will be allocated from the source of counterpart funding. Budget sources are indicated for each anticipated activity – as indicated in Table below. Table 8 – Estimated Cost for SEP Implementation − 48 − No. Key activities Stakeholders involved Unit costs Sub-Total (USD) Consultation During Project Preparation: Conceptual Design, Prior to World Bank Appraisal 28,500 1 Disclosure materials: Project • MOWRAM (oversight) 1,000 x 7,000 Information Booklet, poster, leaflets, • SEO and Consultant 7provinces project billboards and Executive (implement) Summary of ESMF (summary of risks/impacts and mitigation measures) in both English and Khmer version 2 National consultations to disclose and • MOWRAM (lead) 500 500 discuss documents (RPF, IPPF and • SEO (coordinate) ESMF) • Consultant (implement) 3 Public consultation at provincial and • MOWRAM (oversight) 3,000 x 7 21,000 district levels using 2-way approach • SEO (lead) provinces including online phone calls / emails • Consultant (implement) and commune office Consultation During Project Implementation: Detailed Design 195,650 4 Local consultations, to introduce • MOWRAM (lead) 3,000 x 7 21,000 project, screening on IPs, extent of land • Consultant (implement) provinces acquisition, voluntary donations, detailed design, project impacts, etc. 5 If land acquisition impacts, detailed • GDR (lead), 10,000 x 7 70,000 measurement and preparation of • MOWRAM and consultants provinces Detailed RPs. (implement) 6 Disclosure of ESMP, voluntary • MOWRAM (lead) 500 x 7 provinces 3,500 donations, RPs if applicable • SEO and consultants (implement) 7 If applicable, preparation of Indigenous • MOWRAM (lead) 5,000x 7 35,000 Peoples’ Plan and Social Assessment • SEO and consultants provinces (implement) Civil Works Works commence, implementation of • MOWRAM (lead) 5,000 x7 35,000 Detailed RP ahead of civil works (i.e., • SEO and consultants provinces delivery of entitlements), hiring of local (implement) workers, trainings on gender, trainings for contractors and staff, etc. Delivery of IPP if applicable. 8 Staff allowance • MOWRAM (oversight) $35 x 7 staffs x 10 17,150 • SEO (implement) days x 7 provinces 9 Transport 500 x 7 provinces 3,500 10 Data collection 1,000x7 provinces 7,000 11 Others 500x7 provinces 3,500 TOTAL 224,150 − 49 − ANNEXES Annex 1 – Template for Documentation of Consultations Title of Consultations Location and Date: [name of the village/place and date] Objective and agenda: [explain the objectives and agenda of the consultation] Participants: [which stakeholders targeted, how stakeholders were invited, number of participants who attended and their gender and if they are ethnic groups. Note information on vulnerable groups] Summary of the Consultation: [describe the format/style of the consultation, who facilitated it, the language used, brief summary of information presented] Questions/ Comments made and responses: [summarize the main questions asked and the responses given] Photos Summary by participants − 50 − Date Time Participants Purposes Remarks Male Female Summary by consultative topics No. Topics Information Feedback Responses Remarks dissemimated Positive Adverse Suggestions − 51 − Annex 2 – Facilitator’s Guide for Conducting Meaningful Consultation with Ethnic Minority Peoples 1. Introduction This guide provides a brief introduction and first-hand guidance to individuals who are tasked to directly facilitate a meeting with ethnic group or are involved in a team whose task is to moderate a meeting with an individual or a group of people who are from ethnic groups. By ethnic group, it refers to those who have a spoken language other than Khmer language. 2. Principles This guide is grounded on the following key principles of the World Bank’s ESS7 (Indigenous People). It is required that under the WB financed project, projects are expected to make every effort to: • Ensure that development process fosters full respect for the human rights, dignity, aspirations, identity, culture, and natural resource-based livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples. • Avoid adverse impacts of projects on Indigenous Peoples, or when avoidance is not possible, to minimize, mitigate and/or compensate for such adverse impacts. • Promote sustainable development benefits and opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in a manner that is accessible, culturally appropriate and inclusive. • Improve project design and promote local support by establishing and maintaining an ongoing relationship based on meaningful consultation with the Indigenous • Recognize, respect and preserve the culture, knowledge, and practices of Indigenous Peoples, and to provide them with an opportunity to adapt to changing conditions in a manner and in a timeframe acceptable to them. 3. Steps to Engaging a Meaningful Consultation with Ethnic Groups • Step 1 – Get to know about EG • Study about EG to be consulted with • Meet with local village chief, EG opinion leaders to learn about local practices, taboos • Conduct field observation/ Exchange with experienced colleagues • As part of consultation with the EG, identify disadvantaged individuals/groups in EG community. • Step 2 – Prepare before fielding for consultation • Prepare IEC materials (booklet, manuals, guidance note…) • Prepare meeting outline, key topics, and agenda for consultation, question guide, meeting template • Share meeting agenda and key information with EG peoples with whom the meeting will be conducted (“prior, and “informed�)5 • Make interpretation arrangement 5 “Free� refers to a consent given voluntarily and absent of coercion, intimidation, or manipulation. “Prior�: consent is sought sufficiently in advance of any authorization or commencement of activities. “Informed� refers mainly to the nature of the engagement and type of information that should be provided prior to seeking consent and also as part of the ongoing consent process. − 52 − • Step 3 – Meeting with target EG group/individuals • Build rapport • Conduct consultation (based on meeting agenda in Step 2) • Manage and maintain a “free� conversation. • Take notes • Share/validate key consultation results with participants by the end of meeting • Inform participants of possible next consultation to follow up on issues raised • Step 4 – Review and Process Consultation Feedback • Peruse and process consultation feedback • Prepare meeting minutes/ documentation • Share meeting minutes with relevant stakeholder (e.g., management) • Step 5 – Incorporate consultation feedback into project design/implementation • Conduct meeting with relevant stakeholder to discuss consultation feedback • Incorporate feedback into project design/implementation • Report back to consulted people on decision/progress made as to concerns, issues, expectation raised by consultation participants. 4. Commonly used consultation techniques • Focus Group Discussion: • A focus group discussion (FGD) is a way to gather together people from similar backgrounds or experiences to discuss a specific topic of interest. • The group of participants (8-10 persons) is guided by a moderator (facilitator) who introduces topics for discussion and helps the group to participate in a lively and natural discussion amongst themselves. • Allow participants to agree or disagree with each other to obtain an insight into how a group thinks about an issue, about the range of opinion and ideas, and the inconsistencies and variation that exists in a particular community in terms of beliefs, experiences and practices. • Key Informant Interview: • To get information about a pressing issue or problem in the community from a limited number of well-connected and informed community experts. • To understand the motivation and beliefs of community residents on a particular issue. • To get information from people with diverse backgrounds and opinions and be able to ask in-depth and probing questions. • To discuss sensitive topics, get respondents’ candid discussion of the topic, or to get the depth of information you need. • Tips for Facilitators Preparing the room • Arrive at least half an hour early to set up the room • Check your laptop, papers, pens Opening the session • Introduce yourself, your assistant • Introduce purpose of the focus group. − 53 − • Explain to participants that they have been invited to share their opinions and that you will guide the discussion by asking the group to reflect on specific questions. • Tell them what time the session will conclude. Explain the ground rules for the focus group discussion • These will set the tone and expectations for behavior so that everyone will feel safe and willing to participate. • Participation in the focus group is voluntary. • It’s all right to abstain from discussing specific topics if you are not comfortable. • All responses are welcome – are no right or wrong answers. • Please respect the opinions of others even if you don’t agree. • Try to stay on topic; we may need to interrupt so that we can cover all the material. • Speak as openly as you feel comfortable. • Avoid revealing very detailed information about your personal health. • Help protect others’ privacy by not discussing details outside the group. Closing the session • End the discussion by summarizing the main points. If there is time, invite participants to reflect on the main ideas • Ask if they have any additional thoughts to share. • Thank the group for participating; let them know how the discussion results will be used. • Collect and save all notes (save the file if you type in on laptop) • Their ideas/suggestion will be used to a) design the project, b) prepare documents that help ensure avoid/minimize the adverse impact on local people while enhancing project’s positive impacts. 5. List of Do and Don’t Do ✓ Show respect to consulted people who are the poor, vulnerable, disadvantaged people ✓ Being on time, ✓ Speaking slowly and clearly. Repeat as necessary. Check if people understand. Explain as necessary. ✓ Using local ethnic spoken language if possible, or through the assistance of native interpreter ➢ Do not use slang ➢ Avoid talking about issues that should not be spoken/discussed (based on initial information gathered from Step 1 Method What it Used For Information Boards in • To disseminate information, announce meetings, advertise jobs Commune Offices, worker’s camp and other relevant locations − 54 − • To provide clear and summarized information about the project and Project Information particular impacts and mitigation measures (such as land acquisition and Booklets environment) Summaries of • To provide summaries of main environmental and social documents (ESMP Environmental and and RPs) and how project impacts are being mitigated Social Impact Reports Correspondence by • Distribute project information to government officials, CSOs and NGOs phone/ email/SMS • Invite stakeholders to meetings Print media and radio • Disseminate project information to large audiences, announce meetings, announcements advertise jobs • Solicit views and opinions • Enable stakeholders to speak freely and confidentially about ideas or concerns One-on-one interviews • Get information regarding sensitive issues such as Gender Based Violence and/or Focus Group (GBV), labor influx, women workers, child labor, etc. Discussions (FGDs) • Information gathering on, and consultation with, EM groups (if relevant) • Social due diligence (on supply chain, EM issues, voluntary land donations, involuntary land acquisition, other) • Project monitoring • Present project information Formal meetings and • Allow stakeholders to provide their views and opinions consultations • Build relations with high level stakeholders and ensure initiatives of different (national/ provincial) ministries, donors and/or NGOs are well aligned • Distribute/disclose technical or other project documents • Present/disclose project information to communities and other stakeholders in the project area • Allow stakeholders to provide their views and opinions on the project, including proposed Grievance Mechanism • Announce project initiatives/jobs (such as hiring local people, including Village-level meetings women) • Conduct trainings on relevant topics (such as road safety, gender) • Discuss EM issues (if relevant), involuntary land acquisition and/or voluntary land donations • Build relationships • Project monitoring • Target specific groups of people in trainings or meetings (for instance, Small group trainings targeting contractors to train on GBV, conducting community trainings on road safety, etc.) Surveys (i.e., • Gather information from individual stakeholders that may be specifically socioeconomic, impacted by the project, such as by loss of assets or relocation, or who are inventory of losses, voluntarily donating land other) • Gather information on a specific topic (such as IPs) Website and social • Disclose project information, project reports, timelines, project updates media − 55 − Annex 3 – Guidance for Establishing Project Grievance Logbook A Project Grievance Logbook (PGL) should be established by the MOWRAM’ SEO as soon as the project becomes effective. The PGL summarizes concerns/complaints received as a list, along with key statistics on the number of complaints, time spent for each complaint from receipt to final resolution. Each case should be assigned a unique number. A good practice is to assign the case by the date of receipt, such 2022-01, 2022-02 etc.). Supporting documents associated with each case should be documented electronically or in hard copy for convenient retrieval when needed. These supporting documents may include a letter, email, record of conversation, etc. The sample table below can be used. The table should include: • Name and contact details of aggrieved persons; • Details of the nature of the grievance; • Date received, • How it was submitted, acknowledged, resolved, and closed down. Grievances can be submitted anonymously or the aggrieved person can also request their name be kept confidential. Project Grievance Logbook (PGL) Name of Sex Contact Date Details of the To Actions to Date How was the Complainant (M/F) info Received nature of the whom resolve grievance was response (or grievance was grievance settled provided? anonymous) grievanc (And what (Environmental e stage) impacts, social submitt impacts, labor, ed health, etc.) − 56 − Annex 4 – Summary of Consultation Results at Subproject and National Levels Various consultation, most hold at subproject level, have been conducted during October 2022 and August 2023 to inform affected households of project activities and solicit their feedback on the E&S risks and impacts, and mitigation measures. The table below provide a summary of all consultation meetings, followed be details obtained from each meetings. No. Time Province For Subproject/Project Level 1 September 20, 2022 Phnom Penh Project National level 2 October 2022 Mondulkiri • Srae Thom subproject Subproject level Kratie • Svay Chrum subproject 3 March 2023 Kratie • Kantout subproject Subproject • Svay Chrum subproject Subproject Mondulkiri • Srae Huy subproject Subproject 4 April 2023 Kratie • Kantout subproject Subproject • Svay Chrum subproject Subproject Mondulkiri • Srae Huy subproject Subproject 5 May 2023 Kratie • Svay Chrum Subproject Subproject 6 August 2023 Phnom Penh • Project National level 1. Consultation in September 2023 2. Consultation in October 2023 A. Consultation at subprojects levels (4-7 October 2022) Two consultations were conducted with potentially affected households and provincial stakeholders in Mondulkiri and Kratie Provinces: In Mondulkiri province Consultation approach POTENTIAL AREA OF INFLUENCE OF SELECT SUBPROJECTS • Step 1: Upstream flooding impact estimated based on a) maximum flood level (existing functioning reservoirs), or b) use of Digital Elevation Modeling (DEM) to estimate (e.g., for Srea Thom Reservoir) • Step 2: Potential flooding impacts for future reservoir estimated based on topographical survey (to be completed in 1.5 months) to define scope of potential inudation impact (upstream) and impact downstream • Meanwhile, water modeling being undertaken to calculate how much water to be retained upstream (considering precipitation, water infiltration, runoff…) to estimate water quatity to be restricted to downstream • During this time, consultation focuses on potential upstream impacts and other ES risks and impacts during construction during design, pre-construction, construction stages) • Consultation with downstream population will be done when impacts (based on analysis from step 2) become available (operational stage). E&S RISKS AND IMPACTS INITIALLY IDENTIFIED 57 • Double check with local people/ validated with respective governmental agencies at provincial level. • Key broad issues (typical at project level) are consulted with NGO (NGO Forum, Cambodian Indigenous Peoples Organization, IUCN, WWF…), issues such as EM customs and habits, development needs, fauna and flora… MEETING AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL • There should be a map that clearly indicate the boundary of impact of subproject (physical structure and water flooding impact) • Need to raise awareness of workers on protected area management law, any prohibitions/cautions related to wildlife • Need to inform Phnom Pricy Wildlife Sanctuary before construction activities. • Need to conduct a meaningful consultation with EM community at all proposed sub-project areas on potential underground heritage sites and other spiritual sites. • If land acquisition is required, land for land option is preferred • Previous experience showed that when irrigation scheme is not built as a complete system, farmer broke dike to get water into their field. MEETING AT VILLAGE LEVEL • Villagers have long expected reliable irrigation to support farming, livestock, domestic water use, especially during dry season • Most households in the village would not be directly affected since they live around 4 to 5 Km away. • About 10 households (2ha to 4ha each) who farm in existing dike will be affected when flooded • New pastureland for livestock needs to be identified as alternative during dry season (in Oh-Chor and Srae Pok). • It seems no collectively owned EM land and significant spiritual sites of the community are affected based on the flooded area of the existing reservoir • Accurate flooded area due to new upgraded reservoir not yet confirmed (pending result from topographical survey to be completed in the next 2 months • No physical heritage is located in the proposed subproject area (based on current consultation) • No gender issues envisaged among community member (male and female have their own role and responsibility in their family). • No significant SEA/SH cases so far due to regular awareness raising done by local authorities and police. • Quality of underground water not good (water is hard). In Kratie province MEETING AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL • Subproject should be designed as a complete irrigation system to facilitate effective O&M when handed over to local authority and Farmer Water Users Community (FWUC). • Around 20 households living adjacent to the existing reservoir that need to be informed in advance if spillway height is raised (1-2m) to increase water retention capacity. • No significant case of SEA/SH so far thanks to regular awareness raising done by local authorities and police. • Expect temporary job opportunity for local women. • Since land conflicts are common in the reservoir area, reservoir area and associated canals need clear zoning/ demarcation/ boundaries, to avoid encroachment. • Some spiritual sites of EM could be existent, should be careful during subproject design, and ES screening. 58 • No physical heritages envisaged based on flooding impact of the existing reservoir (to be confirmed when flooded area of subproject become available in the next two months) • PDAFF will prepare agriculture extension plan for the target areas. MEETING AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL • Might be some issues related to land in catchment areas and at reservoir boundary. • There are a few physical cultural sites in Svay Chrum commune • Local EM has some intangible culture practices such as guardian forest, graves and other beliefs. • Risk of forest destruction due to flooding and/or forest conservation due to construction activities and illegal fishing by construction workers • Svay Chrum reservoir is a tributary from Preak Te connected to Mekong. Project will likely help increase the habitat for critical species within the reservoir. Some short-term impacts anticipated during construction. Currently, no impact envisaged on critical biotic species and herbal plants, etc. • The risk of contractors discharging wastewater into agricultural land, water and/or public places that might have serious impacts on environment and community. MEETING AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL • Fishery habitat should be carefully considered. There are different species of fishes that lays egg in different ways while floating and in place. Fishway should be designed for reservoir, weird, barrage to avoid obstruction to migratory species • Need to inform Community Fishery (CFi) for clear identification of CFi’s management zone to avoid impact on CFi’s core zone. • Suitable job should be arranged for people with disabilities • ESMP implementation should be enforced • Practical training should be provided to worker on health/sanitation and natural resource protection • Unexploded Explosive Ordnance is potential near reservoir area (about 5km from Svay Thrum Reservoir). Will share UXO map for subproject areas. • Should involve women labour in the project. • Concerned about water quality control and sanitation, especially domestic water use. MEETING AT COMMUNE LEVEL • Participants (Bunong and Kuoy IPs) appreciated proposed subproject that supports the development of their community. The community is willing to support as needed. • Suggests having a praying ceremony (with wine and buffalo) before construction ground-breaking take place • Thmei village chief suggested to protect a spiritual house at Oh Chro Noal bridge • Chro Noal village suggested to protect a spiritual house of banyan tree 150m from North of Chro Noal village • Should provide training to or awareness raising for immigrant workers to ensure they understand the local EM culture, protect natural resource and EM’s spiritual sites. • No remarkable impact on natural habitat (fauna and flora) envisaged within the proposed subproject area. • No impact on physical heritage anticipated in proposed subproject area. B. Consultation with NGOs at national level (11-12 October 2022) B.1 Consultation with NGO-Hub (11 October 2022) • IPs should be informed sufficiently and in advance of project’s ES risks and potential impacts, particularly those related to their livelihoods – for meaningful feedback 59 • Important to share project’s information, particularly project’s ES risk and impacts with people in upstream and downstream area to solicit their feedback • Important to check carefully EM’s potential sacred sites, such as trees, rocks… that EM may worship • Carefully check if the EM and other farmers are farming in potentially inundated area • If farmers occupy state managed land and have used the occupied land for 5 years or more without government’s actions in taking the land back, land occupied is considered farmers’ land (Law on Land) 2001). • Project should develop an action plan to timely address the concerns of affected peoples • Due attention should be given to areas where properties of local people are located and are subject to flooding • A warning system needed (e.g., emergency preparedness plan) to enable people to relocate/ evacuate as needed; • Attention paid to plantation owned and operated by private companies, farming activities, and potential conflicts/dispute between them (land use planning) • Soil properties should be studied carefully to avoid water loss due to seepage/infiltration (Stung Treng Province) • Cropping pattern, crops varieties should be studied carefully to see if it is suitable to farmers’ current cultivation practices/ needs/ future market • At farm level, attention to potential water shortage among paddy fields within a command area (due to water distribution and/or coordination among rice farmers • Inventory of land titles should be done to understand if the land located in the beneficiary command areas are owned by local farmers, or there are also lands owned by people who farm • Possibility of urbanization that may happen near subproject to take advantage of the improved access to water access offered by the project • Assessment of water needs is needed to farm level (e.g., what is farmers’ need: one/two/three crops per year, and how additional crop will be used (e.g., home consumption, selling of surplus). • Explore market for existing crop (e.g., rice variety, cash crop…) • Home labor, and labor force, labor market to cultivate additional crops • Attention to mining activities upstream (e.g., contamination of water downstream during dry season). B.2 Consultation with CIPO (Cambodian indigenous people’s organization) (12 October 2022) • IPs typically want collective land (rather than individually owned land) • Spiritual forest land/burial land is very important to them • Some still practice slash-and-burn/ shifting agriculture ➔ land rotation every 4-5 years • EM may grow various type of crops (under shifting agriculture) – more than 200 type of crops, still do hunting • EM may not rely on outside market since their farming activities are mainly self-supplied and rely on first for non-timber forest products (NTFP) • EM may prefer highland farming rather than farming in the plain area • Land speculation is widespread (e.g., for tourism, industrial development) • Project should try to avoid affecting EM’s collective land (CIPO is having a project that facilitate collective land titling in Mondulkiri province) • There is a high demand for organic products (high-end market) that the project may consider (as part of agri-busienss effort) to promote. This demand is still high at district level • Focus on support for EM youth, young entrepreneur • Ensure Water Users Community/Group has EM as representatives. B.3 Consultation with IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) (19 October 2022) 60 • The meeting aims to share the IBAT screening result of endangered species (Turtles) at Svay Chrum and Srae Thom sites to IUCN (Phnom Penh office) – Mr. Sorn Pheakdey (Biodiversity Specialist and Research Coordinator) on 19 Oct 2022. • Mr. Sorn Pheakdey did not have much concern on the direct impact of the subprojects at the above two sites to the endangered species if the weirs/dam have its height raised to store more water for irrigation, and/or have its length increased. • However, he is concerned about the impacts related to human activities on the endangered species, such as hunting by local people and by workers during construction. He said workers might hunt turtles and other species for foods while local people might hunt to sell because of the high value of these species. 3. Consultation in March 2023 • Consultation from 20-24 March 2023 (based on initial design) Minutes of the Consultation Meeting at Village levels Kantout Reservoir: 21 March 2023 • None of households owned land inside the existing reservoir. Though, there are 04 households currently cultivate rice farming inside the existing reservoir during the dry season. The households who cultivated rice farming inside the reservoir will permanently be affected by flood. However, it will not impact to their livelihood because they have their own land outside the reservoir for cultivation. • Kantout Reservoir is located inside the Kantout Community Forestry (which consists of 716 ha) • The conserved forest of the Kantout Community Forestry at the upstream area will be flooded. • There are no IP in Kantout commune. There are no grave yard or significant spiritual sites located inside the reservoir or nearby the reservoir • When the project is moving to the construction phase, the construction activities shall avoid cultivation seasons from June to December or wait until after households harvesting their crops. • There are no cultural site or heritage sites located in or nearby the reservoir • The households reported that the project may impact their private land if the project activities includes construction of new irrigation channel and/or dikes. The households suggested to have another round of consultation with all potential affected households when the design and scope are clearly identified. • Participants’ key questions: the project will be rehabilitating the exiting or expanding the existing reservoir? Where will excavate and dumping? 61 Svay Chrum Reservoir: 22 March 2023 • None of households owned land inside the existing reservoir. Though, there are 02 households cultivate rice farming inside the existing reservoir during the dry season. These households will be affected by flood. However, it will not impact to their livelihood because they have their own land outside the reservoir for cultivation. • The Svay Chrum Reservoir is located inside the Svay Chrum Community Forestry • There are 80% of IP living in the project area. In the upstream of the reservoir, there are two graveyards (Ou-Koub and Ou-Thom) of IP that are potentially affected by the project, there are two existing ox-cart access roads to the graveyards with around 5m width. The IP leader has made a strong recommendation that the impacts on IP grave yards must be avoided. When the project is moving to the construction phase, the praying ceremony must be celebrated before to the start of any construction activities at the sites. The ceremony must prepare 1 buffalo’s head or pig/s head, rice wine, …ect. • There are 26 households living nearby the reservoir (The residential land around 200m from exiting road to the reservoir). The households suggest the team to design the embankment or other technical solution to protect and safeguard their houses. • People are concerning about the impacts on their cultivated land and houses. 62 Srae Huy Reservoir: 23 March 2023 • None of households owned land inside the existing reservoir. None of households cultivated rice farming or vegetable cropping inside the reservoir • There is IP in Ou Prang reservoir (80% Phnong). • There is no community forestry at the reservoir area. • There is grave yard of about 50m from the Ou Prang reservoir while there is no grave yard nearby the M’chou Nga reservoir. • People are concerning about the land impacts during construction of irrigation channel because it can impact their land. • Participants’ key questions: how high of the dam, and how control the flood? 63 4. Consultation in April 2023 • Consultation from 25-27 April 2023 (based on updated engineering design to avoid impact on graveyard of IP The proposed design of the reservoir will potentially cause inundation to a) two IP graveyards, namely Ou-Koub and Ou-Thom (existed since 1960s and are no longer used), and b) a cluster of two individual tombs located more upstream of the Ou-Koub and Ou-Thom graveyards (See locations of three graveyard areas as indicated by three green dots in picture below). 64 • Option 1 (proposed by the engineers) is to build polders around graveyards to protect the graveyards from being inundated. The advantage of this option is that the graveyards and tombs remain intact. There is no land impact. The disadvantage of this option is it requires local people to pump water trapped inside the graveyards during rainy season out of it. This involves operation costs that people at the consultation did not find it feasible for them • Therefore, option 2 and 3 are proposed for discussion at the meeting. Option 2 is backfill and Option 3 is relocation of tombs. Option 3 means the graveyard would be filled with soil on top of existing ground and tombs. This aims raise the graveyard ground surface to the level that is higher than the maximum water level in the upgraded reservoir. Flags or stones, or whatever that local IP people prefer, would be fixed on top of each tombs to allow local people to recognize their ancestors and relatives. With these two options, consulted people suggested a bigger consultation be held with IP who have tombs in the graveyards, and local IP leaders before a decision is made. • Local IP peoples (31 peoples who attended the consultation) said as they did not use the two above graveyards anymore (because they are using a new graveyard area called Ou Da located about 200m away from the village), the unused two graveyards could be flooded as a result of the subproject. However, this is the opinion of people attending the meetings. There are many other households who had not known about the potential flooding to their ancestor’s tombs and proposed mitigation options. • It is planned that all affected households (who have tombs in three above affected area) will be consulted during 15-19 May to solicit their feedback, suggestions, and preferences as to proposed solutions before the ESMP for Svay Chrum could be further updated. • Below is the summary of the results and their thump print. 65 5. Consultation in May 2023 • Consultation from May 2023 (with Bunong IP in Svay Chrum subproject) Summary of information: - Ou Thom graveyard area, there are 10 households of Svay Chrum village have 20 tombs, and 2 unnamed tombs (7 tombs are buried since 70s decade); - Ou Koub graveyard area, there are 7 households of Svay Chrum village have 11 tombs, and 4 households of Chro Naul village have 6 tombs (specific name of household will be confirmed); - Ou Da graveyard area is a preserved area of 2ha for Svay Chrum Bunong community burial; - Total of households have relative’s tomb: 21; and - Total tombs in both graveyard areas: 39. Suggestion from focus discussion: The proposed agenda for the next consultation meeting are two possibilities alternative: (1) Raising existing tombs and graveyard ground above subproject water level; and (2) relocation the existing tombs to the Ou DA graveyard. Villages and local community proposed to arrange the meeting on May 16, 2023 at 2:30pm. at Svay Chrum Bunong community hall, with key target participant of 21 affected households from Svay Chrum village and Chro Naul village. Kratie PDWRAM, suggests to provide information about the meeting for arrangement at least two days before the meeting. Indigenous elders, suggest project should provide clear technical options for both alternatives of raising tomb and graveyard ground above water level; or/and tombs relocation with compensate condition for traditional ceremonies. 66 No. Photos Activities Remark Svay Chrum village, 11 May 2023 Meeting with key The meeting was indigenous confirmed and elders, IP recorded about community target leader in Svay households has Chrum village, their relative’s 1 local authority tombs in two and Kratie target PDWRAM. graveyards of participants’ discussion and phone call for confirming. The record book There are only 11 May, 2023 of 10 households in Svay Chrum Svay Chrum village chief of village have their the households relative’s tombs has their with a total relative’s tombs amount of 2 in the Ou Thom recognized graveyard. tombs is 20, and 2 unnamed tombs. 7 tombs are buried since 70s decade. The record book There are only 7 11 May, 2023 of households in Svay Chrum Svay Chrum village chief of village have their the households relative’s tombs has their with a total 3 relative’s tombs amount of 11. in the Ou Korb 9 tombs are graveyard. buried since 70s decade. 67 Ground Truth Ground truth Observation. On observation entrance access guided by road to Ou Thom indigenous graveyard. elders, chief of village and Kratie PDWRAM. 4 Individual recognized and unnamed tombs were indicated 5 by indigenous elders, chief of village. Two separated tombs in upper part of Ou Thom 6 graveyard are. Named Ta Target tombs Ngoun tomb. observation in Ou Thom Unnamed tombs graveyard marked in red ticks 7 68 Discussion on raising graveyard ground as an 8 option. Ground Truth Ground truth Observation. On observation entrance access guided by road to Ou Koub indigenous 9 graveyard. elders, chief of village and Kratie PDWRAM. Individual recognized and Target tombs unnamed tombs observation in were indicated 10 Ou Koub by indigenous graveyard elders, chief of village. Ground Truth Ground truth Observation. On observation entrance access guided by road to the new indigenous Ou Da graveyard. elders, chief of village and Kratie PDWRAM. 69 The Ou DA graveyard area was preserved for Svay Chrum Bunong community burial with a preserved area of 2ha belonging to the collective land title. 500 m Ground truth from the Svay observation at Chrum village, Ou Da graveyard Outside of subproject reservoir area. Discussion on new Ou Da graveyard are potential for future burial. Chro Naul village, 12 May 2023 Meeting with key The meeting was indigenous confirmed and elders, IP recorded about community target leader of Chro households has Naul village, local their relative’s 11 authority and tombs in the Ou Kratie PDWRAM Koub graveyard at Thmey of participants’ commune hall. discussion and phone call for confirming. The group focus There are only 4 discussed on households in households has Chro Naul village their relative’s have their 12 tombs at Ou relative’s tombs Koub. with a total amount of recognized tombs is 6. 70 Checking for An appropriate meeting venue venue of an IP’s at Svay Chrum. community hall for next public 13 consultation meeting proposed by IP group. 1.3.5 – Fifth consultation (16 May 2023) Key Participants: 18AHs (17 households from Svay Chrum village, and household from Chro Naul village). These 18 households have an estimated 34 tombs potentially affected as a result of inundation when the reservoir upgrade is completed and put into operation. The tombs are located in the reservoir area which are under government’s management as reservoir land (confirmed by Kratie Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology). This meeting is a continued consultation to the meeting organized in April 2023 1. Building polder to protect the whole graveyard and pumping water from graveyard during rainy seasons. None of potentially affected prefers this option because of issues related to sustainable operation of the pump. 2. Relocation of tombs to new IP’s graveyard (Ou Da, established since 2005). The IP leader said that relocation is strictly prohibited for Phnong IP. He added that in his generation and his parents and grandparents’ generations, relocation of tomb is bad luck and Phnong IP have never d one that. He encouraged other IP villagers to have their own opinions about relocation. He asked if young generation prefer relocation, it is his/her personal choice. Finally, after a free discuss among IP households, none of potentially affected IP households preferred relocation option. 3. Backfill the soil to raise the level of graveyard areas (above inundation water level). All potentially affected IP households present at the meeting indicated their preference over this option. However, they strongly suggested that “BEFORE backfilling the graveyards or before commencing any construction activities at the subproject, local IP must conduct a local IP ceremony (haft day) and a Buddhism ceremony (haft day). The IP ceremony must have 01 buffalo, 01 cow, 03 pigs, and other supporting offering. For full day ceremony, it is estimated that cost would be about 3,000 USD. The potentially affected households suggested that the compensation (to cover all ceremony costs) be paid to the local IP leader and the village chief. All records of expenses will be disclosed to all people. Below is the summary of the results and their thump print. 71 6. Consultation in August 2023 (Tentative 23 August. To be added once completed). 72 73