Construction of 500 kV Jvari-Tskaltubo Overhead Transmission Line
Energy Supply Reliability and Financial Recovery Project P P169117
Phase 2
Resettlement Action Plan (Draft Version)
Tbilisi
June 2023
Georgian State Electrosystem (GSE) June 2023
Resettlement Action Plan
Contents
I. Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................... 5
II. Glossary ............................................................................................................................................ 6
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Information About the Project .................................................................................................. 9
1.2 Resettlement Action Plan Objectives ..................................................................................... 10
1.3 Minimizing the Scale of Land Acquisition and Resettlement ............................................... 11
2. Description and Impact Assessment.............................................................................................. 12
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 12
2.2 Impact on Land and Other Assets ........................................................................................... 12
2.2.1 General Classification of Affected Land........................................................................... 12
2.2.2 Land Category by Legal Status.......................................................................................... 13
2.3 Impact on crops ........................................................................................................................ 16
2.4 Impact on Trees ........................................................................................................................ 17
2.5 Impact on buildings ................................................................................................................. 19
2.6 Impact on Common Property .................................................................................................. 19
2.7 Impact on Business and Employment ..................................................................................... 19
2.8 Severely Affected Households ................................................................................................. 19
2.9 Physical Relocation .................................................................................................................. 20
2.10 Vulnerable Households .......................................................................................................... 20
3. Socio-economic Data ..................................................................................................................... 21
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 21
3.2 Persons Affected by the Project .............................................................................................. 22
3.2.1 Demographic Characteristics ............................................................................................ 22
3.2.2 Socio-Economic Situation ff Households ......................................................................... 24
3.2.3 Access to Infrastructure .................................................................................................... 25
Table 3.7: Sources of Water Supply and Sewage System ......................................................... 25
4. Legal Framework............................................................................................................................ 27
4.1. General Overview ................................................................................................................... 27
4.2.1 Georgia Legislation and Regulations Related to Procurement and Accommodation ... 27
4.2.2 Lenders’ Policies ................................................................................................................ 28
4.2.3 Comparison of Georgian Legislation and WB ESS .................................................................. 30
4.3. Eligibility for Compensation and Eligibility Matrix ............................................................. 34
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4.3.1 Eligibility ........................................................................................................................... 34
4.3.2 Determination of Entitlements......................................................................................... 34
4.3.2 Compensation Eligibility Matrix ...................................................................................... 35
5. Valuation Methodology ................................................................................................................. 40
5.1 Valuation and Compensation Calculation Methodology for Land Plots............................... 40
5.1.1 Valuation of Land .................................................................................................................. 40
5.2 Valuation of Structures. ........................................................................................................... 40
5.3 Valuation Method of Annual Crops ........................................................................................ 41
5.4 Valuation Method of Fruit-bearing Trees............................................................................... 41
6. Livelihood Restoration................................................................................................................... 42
6.1 Livelihood Impacts and Associated Monitoring ..................................................................... 42
7. Institutional Arrangements ........................................................................................................... 44
7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 44
7.2 Land Registration Organizations ............................................................................................. 44
7.3 Village and Self-governing Unit .............................................................................................. 44
7.4 Sakrebulo .................................................................................................................................. 45
7.5 Property Rights Recognition Commission (PRRC) ................................................................ 45
7.6 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Organizations ................................................................ 45
7.6.1 GSE – Georgian State Electrosystem ................................................................................ 45
7.6.2 Municipal LAR Organization ........................................................................................... 46
7.7 Other Organizations and Agencies ......................................................................................... 47
7.7.1 Construction Contractor ................................................................................................... 47
7.7.2 Consultants and Auditors ................................................................................................. 47
7.7.3 Court of Georgia ................................................................................................................ 47
7.7.4 Ministry of Finance ........................................................................................................... 48
7.7.5 Ministry of Justice ............................................................................................................. 48
7.7.6 Donor Organization World Bank ..................................................................................... 48
7.8 Capacity Building on LAR ....................................................................................................... 48
8. Implementation schedule and the Steps of Resettlement Action Plan ....................................... 50
9. Public Consultation, Engagement and Disclosure........................................................................ 56
9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 56
9.2 Consultation Process and Methodology.................................................................................. 56
9.3 Consultation meetings with the PAPs during RAP Preparation ........................................... 56
9.4 Consultation and Participation Plan ....................................................................................... 57
9.5 Disclosure of information ........................................................................................................ 57
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10. Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................................................... 57
10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 57
10.1.2 Grievance process ............................................................................................................ 58
11. Cost and Financing....................................................................................................................... 64
11.1 Financing ................................................................................................................................ 64
11.2 Compensation for Land.......................................................................................................... 64
11.3 Compensation of Buildings .................................................................................................... 65
11.4 Compensation of Crops .......................................................................................................... 65
11.5 Compensation for Trees ......................................................................................................... 66
11.6 Impact on Business and Employment ................................................................................... 69
11.7 Allowance ............................................................................................................................... 69
11.8 Administrative Costs .............................................................................................................. 69
11.9. RAP Cost and Cash Flows..................................................................................................... 70
12. Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation ....................................................................................... 71
12.1. Internal Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 71
12.2 External Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 75
Annex 1............................................................................................................................................... 77
Public Consultations ...................................................................................................................... 77
Public Consultations on the Resettlement Action Plan for the "Jvari Tskaltubo" 500kV
Power Line Construction Project .............................................................................................. 77
Event-specific information ........................................................................................................ 77
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I. Abbreviations
CLO Community Liaison Officer
EA Executing Agency
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMA External Monitoring Agency
ESF Environmental and Social Framework
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESS Environmental and Social Standard
FS Feasibility Study
GPS Global Positioning System
GRC Grievance Redress Commission
GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism
GSE Georgian State Electrosystem
IA Implementation Agency
IDP Internally Displaced Person
IFI International Financial Institution
IMA Independent Monitoring Agency
KV Kilovolt
LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement
NAPR National Agency of Public Registry
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
OHL Overhead Transmission Line
PAH Affected Households
PAP Affected Person
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
ROW Right of Way
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
RU Resettlement Unit
TL Transmission Line
WB World Bank
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II. Glossary
Term Definition
Compensation Payment in cash or in kind of the replacement cost of the acquired
assets.
Cut-off date In this case, the cut-off date is set as the date of the census and
assets inventory of PAP. Persons occupying the Project area after
the cut-off date are not eligible for compensation and/or
resettlement assistance. Similarly, fixed assets (such as built
structures, crops, fruit trees, and woodlots) established after the
cut-off date will not be compensated.
Easement An easement is the right held by GSE and granted by landowners to
access and use occasionally, at one time, and indefinitely the future,
the strips of land necessary to install, operate, maintain and repair
overhead and underground transmission lines. This right implies
that GSE can access this land occasionally, and therefore may have
implication on the use of land by the landowners. For example, it
will not be possible to build a structure on a piece of land included
in an easement for the overhead line or an underground cable,
because it may be necessary to access this overhead line or
underground cable for maintenance purposes.
Economic displacement Economic displacement is the loss of land, assets, access to assets,
income sources, or means of livelihoods as a result of: (i)
involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on
land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected
areas.
Entitlement Range of measures comprising compensation, income restoration,
transfer assistance, income substitution, and relocation which are
due to Project Affected People, depending on the nature of their
losses, to restore their economic and social base.
Improvements Structures constructed (dwelling unit, fence, waiting sheds, animal
pens, utilities, community facilities, stores, warehouses, etc.) and
crops/plants planted by the person, household, institution, or
organization.
Land Acquisition Land acquisition refers to all methods of obtaining land for Project
purposes, which may include outright purchase, expropriation of
property and acquisition of access rights, such as easements or
rights of way. Land acquisition may also include: (a) acquisition of
unoccupied or unutilized land whether or not the landholder relies
upon such land for income or livelihood purposes; (b) repossession
of public land that is used or occupied by individuals or households;
and (c) project impacts that result in land being rendered unusable
or inaccessible. ‘Land’ includes anything growing on or
permanently affixed to land, such as crops, buildings and other
improvements.
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Term Definition
Livelihood restoration Livelihood restoration comprises a set of measures which will be
implemented to address economic displacement in order to
improve or, at a minimum, restore livelihoods and standards of
living of PAP to pre-displacement levels.
Negotiated settlement Legal arrangement, initiated and completed outside of the formal
judicial process; without the involvement of courts and judges,
between a buyer (GSE) and a seller (land and property owners) to
undertake the land acquisition transactions necessary for the
Project.
However, in the context of the Project, the buyer can resort to
expropriation or impose legal restrictions on land use if negotiations
with the seller fail.
Residual land Unacquired parts of a land parcel which are left unusable or
undevelopable (either temporarily or permanently) as a result of
the project or expropriation.
Project-Affected All members of a household residing under one roof and operating
Household (PAH) as a single economic unit, are adversely affected by the Project. It
may consist of a single nuclear family or an extended family group.
Project-Affected Person Project Affected Person (PAP), in the context of involuntary
(PAP) resettlement, are any person, firms, or private institutions who are
physically displaced (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of
shelter) and/or economically displaced (loss of land, assets, access to
assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) as a result of:
(i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on
land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected
areas.
Rehabilitation Allowances paid and compensatory measures provided under the
LARCF on involuntary resettlement other than payment of the
replacement cost of acquired assets.
Relocation/ Physical The physical relocation of a PAP/PAH from his/her pre-project
displacement place of residence.
Replacement Cost Replacement cost is defined as the market value of the assets plus
the transaction costs related to restoring such assets. Depreciation
of structures and assets is not taken into account. For land,
replacement cost is based on the following elements: (i) fair market
value; (ii) transaction costs; (iii) interest accrued; (iv) transitional
and restoration costs; and (v) other applicable payments, if any.
Compensation at full replacement value is sufficient for the affected
person to replace project affected land, structures and other assets
to the same or better standard in another location.
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Term Definition
Resettlement Action The document in which the Project specifies the procedures it will
Plan follow and the actions it will take to mitigate adverse effects,
compensate losses and provide development benefits to persons and
communities affected by the Project.
Resettlement process All measures taken to mitigate any and all adverse impacts of the
Project on PAP’s property and/or livelihood, including
compensation, relocation (where relevant), and rehabilitation of
the damaged/removed infrastructure and installations.
Right of Way The protection zone around an overhead transmission line as
defined by Decree 366 (Government of Georgia, 2014) where
buildings and trees are prohibited as described in section 3.3.1,
Volume 2.
Sakrebulo This is the representative body of local self-government. The
representative branch of Municipality level is the local- level
Councils and the executive branch is represented by Mayor. The
representative and executive branches of self-government are
represented accordingly by the Local Council (Sakrebulo) and the
Representative of Mayor from the municipal level. The exclusive
responsibilities of self-government include land-use and territorial
planning, construction permits and supervision, housing, and
communal infrastructure development.
Vulnerable household A vulnerable household is any that might suffer disproportionately
or face the risk of being marginalized by the effects of resettlement.
Examples of vulnerable households are those comprising: (i)
female-headed households with dependents; (ii) households with
members of persons with disabilities (iii) poor households as
defined by the official poverty line; (iv) elderly households with no
labour or means of support; (v) Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
Informal Settlers Non-legalizable PAHs/APs losing land plot used without
authorization, for living and/or provision of source of income
for the AH/AP.
Severe affected HHs PAPs permanently losing (e.g., due to tower footprints) more than
10% of affected agricultural land (including registered owners,
legalizable and non‐legalizable users, Renters are not eligible)
Permanent impact: The right of land is fully transferred to the project owner.
Partial Impact The land is not taken and is left in a possession of the private
owner; however certain limitations are imposed on the
mentioned land plots in terms of admissible land use.
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1 Introduction
1.1 Information About the Project
JSC "Georgian State Electrosystem" ("GSE") is a 100% state-owned company and provides
dispatching and transmission of electricity throughout the territory of Georgia. "GSE" is
implementing the Energy Supply Reliability and Financial Recovery project financed By the
World Bank.
Project includes the construction and operation of approximately 80-kilometer 500 kiloVolt (KV)
overhead transmission line (OHL) between Jvari and Tskaltubo and a new 500 kV substation near
an existing substation in Tskaltubo (collectively, “the Project”). The new transmission line is
intended to serve two main purposes. First, it will improve the reliability of the existing grid. To
accomplish this, it will provide necessary backup for existing Imereti and Zekari lines. and will
help ensure a steady energy supply to east Georgia and the Akhaltsikhe-Borchkha export line to
Turkey. The new line will provide an alternative route for electricity in case there are
interruptions on the 500kV lines between Zestafoni and Akhaltsikhe and between Akhaltsikhe
and Gardabani. Second, the new Jvari-Tskaltubo OHL and Tskaltubo substation will increase the
capacity for electricity transmission from western Georgia to eastern Georgia, which will further
improve reliability of existing supplies.
GSE will be responsible for the construction and operation of the 500KV transmission line and
substation. GSE hired a contractor to complete the final design and construct the transmission line
and a second contractor to design and construct the substation. GSE will also hire a third company
to serve as the supervising engineer, responsible for overseeing the contractors’ design and
construction; Support GSE compliance with environmental and social policy requirements under
the project.
The project is divided into three sections, Total area of the project is 77 km. The present RAP
covers the following sections:
• Section I - From the existing Tskaltubo 200kV substation to the under
construction Tskaltubo 500kV substation covering the village Khuntsi, Martvili
Municipality which is 24 km and.
• Section III - From the village Salkhino of Martvili Municipality to the existing Jvari
substation covering 41 km.
The RAP for Section II in Martvili (12 km) will be developed separately as soon as the detailed
designed for the designated area is finalized.
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Picture1. Project Area
1.2 Resettlement Action Plan Objectives
In order to manage the process of Involuntary Displacement according to IFI standards and
policies, GSE has developed the generalized approach Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for
construction and operation of the 500 KV Jvari-Tskaltubo transmission line and Tskaltubo
substation in 2019. The Framework describes the policies, procedures and processes that will be
followed in order to mitigate the adverse social impacts among people whose land, properties, or
other assets will be needed for completion of the project, whether they have legal title to the land
and property or not. The Resettlement Policy Framework has been prepared to guide land
acquisition and potential resettlement in accordance with Georgian law and World Bank
Environmental and Social Standard 5, “Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use, and
Involuntary Resettlement”.
As stipulated in ESS5 and as described in this RAP all project related impacts should be identified
through the relevant studies undertaken during RAP preparation and addressed accordingly,
meaning that all project affected persons will be provided with relevant compensation and other
assistance required for relocation, prior to displacement, and preparation and provision of
resettlement sites with adequate facilities, where required. In particular, effective taking of land
and material impact on any assets may take place only after compensation has been paid and,
where applicable, resettlement sites and moving allowances have been provided to the displaced
persons.
The primary objectives of the resettlement program include:
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(i) Minimizing or avoiding involuntary resettlement
(ii) Compensation/Rehabilitation provisions to ensure the maintenance of the PAPs’ pre-
project standards of living.
(iii) Compensation is to be paid at full replacement cost, without deductions for depreciation
or other purposes.
(iv) PAPs to be fully informed and consulted on compensation options.
(v) Lack of legal title not to obstruct the compensation and/or rehabilitation.
(vi) Particular attention to be paid to households headed by women and other vulnerable
groups and appropriate assistance to be provided to help them improve their status.
(vii) Resettlement Action Plan to be conceived and executed as a part of the project, and the
full costs of compensation to be included in project costs and benefits.
(viii) Compensation and resettlement subsidies will be fully provided prior to clearance of right
of way/ ground levelling and demolition.
(ix) An accessible, transparent and free of cost grievance mechanism has to established and
information on the existence of this mechanism to be disclosed.
(x) PAPs, local communities, and local governments will be provided with opportunities to
participate in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the resettlement program,
including development and implementation of procedures for determining eligibility for
compensation benefits and development assistance, and for establishing appropriate and
accessible grievance mechanisms.
(xi) When owners of land to be acquired cannot be located or consulted, payments will be
deposited in an interest-bearing account until such owners or heirs are located; if they
have not been located within two months, GSE will initiate proceedings to expropriate the
land for acquisition or use, but will leave the account in place. Efforts to identify owners
and/or heirs will include public notices, records searches, interviews of knowledgeable
people, and other means. All such efforts will be documented.
1.3 Minimizing the Scale of Land Acquisition and Resettlement
The project was divided into two distinct phases. In the initial phase, the registration of land plots
within the projected impact area was conducted, which allowed to ascertain the extent of the
impact. Subsequently, during the design preparation, extensive fieldwork was undertaken by the
design team joined by the GSE Social Division. Collaboratively, the area was examined to avoid
any suspected zones of physical relocation. The request to steer clear of these sensitive areas was
duly acknowledged and diligently incorporated into the project's detailed design, while the
project’s technical requirements remained wholly uncompromised. The project will not affect any
kind of business and will not result in physical displacement. While considerable efforts were
invested in exploring various alternatives and solutions, due to the geographical location of the
project it was not possible to fully avoid the impact on some kinds of auxiliary buildings. Also,
economic displacement (loss of land) could not be avoided.
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2.Description and Impact Assessment
2.1 Introduction
This impact assessment describes the loss of land, buildings and other assets. Compensation and
rehabilitation measures have been worked out based on these impacts. A detailed inventory of
all the impacts has been done following the final alignment of the transmission line corridor and
tower locations.
Digital cadastral maps were collected from the National Agency for Public Records (NAPR) and
updated based on actual field surveys. In parallel with the field survey implementation, a detailed
measurement survey (DMS) and a census of affected persons were carried out. These studies were
conducted from January 2023 to March 2023. Along with this, a Socio-Economic Survey (SES) of
PAHs was conducted in the project-affected areas to identify the socio-economic status of the
project affected persons (PAP). The date of commencement of the detailed surveys and census of
PAPs is considered as the beginning of the reporting period for eligibility for compensation under
the project.
The cut-off date for eligibility for compensation in the Project is January 23, 2023. In the initial
stages of land registration that started in 2020, PAPs were provided with details about the
significance of the cut-off date, including its essential aspects and the methods through which its
announcement would be carried out. During the public consultations conducted on January 23,
it was communicated that an aerial survey would be conducted to meticulously record the assets
owned by all PAPs. Additionally, it has been duly apprised that subsequent to the designated cut-
off date, a comprehensive census-inventory would be executed. Consequently, any properties or
assets not duly recorded during this process would no longer be eligible for compensation.
2.2 Impact on Land and Other Assets
2.2.1 General Classification of Affected Land
The impacts on land have been distinguished as a both permanent (with full or partial land take –
such as easements) and temporary impacts on land are anticipated. Temporary impacts are related
to the usage of private land during the construction period. In addition, it is predicted that during
the construction period the temporary usage of private land will be required: namely for
construction activities and for maintenance and storage during the operation phase. The exact
scope of impact is not presently fully clear; however, all avoidance and minimisation principles
will be applied the same compensation approach and entitlements will be used in these cases as
stated in the Entitlement Matrix.
Permanent partial impact means that the land is not taken and is left in a possession of the private
owner, however certain limitations are imposed on the mentioned land plots in terms of admissible
land use. The limitations comprise prohibition of growing trees higher than 4m within the RoW
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and prohibition of presence of structures and buildings in the RoW (which is 30 meters for the
500 kV line)1.
Permanent full impact is related to the land plots where towers will be located or to the land plots,
on which the residential houses are situated. (For additional information see the chapters 2.5
Impact on buildings
2.9 Physical Relocation)
The land plots for erection of towers needs to be acquired. As all the structures within the RoW,
including residential houses, should be demolished, the mentioned land plots lose their value as a
residential land, respectively the land plots and affected structures will be compensated at full
replacement cost and this land will be permanently acquired by the project, as well as the land
plots under the towers. The land plots imposed to partial impact will remain in the ownership of
PAHs, and the PAHs will be compensated for the partial impact (limitations on land use) through
the Easement Agreement. The cost to be paid as a compensation for partial impact will reflect the
loss of real estate value of the affected land plots due to the imposed limitations. As asset inventory
and detailed measurement surveys are completed, the full replacement cost of affected assets and
lands have been evaluated. This was done by the independent accredited valuator, following the
methodologies indicated in Chapter 5
In total, 523 land plots are affected by the project; 251 land plots are non-compensable as they are
under state ownership and are not used informally. Initially, 272 land plots2 were identified as
compensable, however, they had to be split into two and sometimes three parcels to be fully
acquired (40 plots to accommodate 41 towers)3 and subject to easement (272 plots). Thus,
eventually, the ‘final’ number of the affected plots became 315. 315 affected land plots are
owned/used by 207 PAHs. Table 2.1 presents both partially and permanently affected lands.
2.2.2 Land Category by Legal Status
Category 1. Private land plots with full and valid registration. There are 138 (287 399 sq.m.)
category 1. land plots under the power transmission line. Out of this number 27 land plots (4 928
sq.m) will be permanently impacted and these lands need to be acquired, while 138 plots (282
471sq.m.) will be partially affected and subject to easement. The land plots where the towers will
be erected are subject to division into two or three plots (one to be acquired due to permanent
impact and the other to be compensated under the easement agreement due to partial impact).
Category 2. Lands rightfully used or occupied by PAHs (who have legally recognized rights to
these land plots) that are subject to registration and compensation. There are 134 (263 411 sq.m.)
1 The Decree No 366 of the Government of Georgia of 24.12.2013 about protection rules and protection zones of the
Electric Transmission Lines Linear Facilities
2 2 land plots out of 272 are owned by the State, but has a formal leaseholder. So, they are included in the total number
of compensable land plots.
3 . For this particular RAP, it is necessary to accommodate two towers on a single plot spanning two hectares.
Consequently, the plot is subdivided into three distinct parts.
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category 2. land plots under the power transmission line. Out of this number the towers will be
located on 15 land plots (3007 sq.m) resulting in permanent impact and thus these lands need to
be acquired, while 134 plots (260 404 sq.m) will be partially affected. The land plots where the
towers will be erected are subject to division into two or three plots (one to be acquired due to
permanent impact and the other to be compensated under the easement agreement due to partial
impact).
Category 3. Non-legalizable plots of land that are informally used. Non-legalizable land, generally
state owned, land used informally by local community members. This category includes all private
users of lands that cannot be privately registered under the current legal framework. For the time
being Category 3 plots are not identified as the process of land registration is ongoing. Some of the
land plots of Category 2 which will not be entitled to be registered in the private ownership will
be moved to Category 3 and registered as state owned. Informal users will not be compensated for
land but will get compensation for any other assets.
Category 4. State-owned land plots illegally used by private users (squatters). A detailed inventory
of all the impacts has been done and actual field surveys have been conducted to identify any
impact by illegal users. The analysis of the inventory data does not depict the existence of Category
4 land.
Category 5. State-owned land plots that are not used by private users. There are 251 (1,953,224
sq.m). Category 5 land plots under the line.
Table 2.1: Land Category by Legal Status
Initial Final
Partial number numbe
Total area
Permanent Land Claim impact of r of
of affected
(land for purchase) (Land Plots within affected affecte
land
the RoW/Easement) land d land
plots plots
Numbe %
Number of Area Number Area Number Area
Tenure Categories r of
plots (sq.m.) of plots (sq.m.) of plots (sq.m.)
plots
Compensable land
Category 1. Private registered
27 4 928 138 282 471 1384 166 287 399 26%
plots
Category 2. Rightfully owned 26%
15 3 007 134 260 404 134 149 263 411
land Plots subject to registration
Compensable subtotal 41 7 935 272 542 875 272 315 550 810 52%
Non-compensable land
Category 3. Land plots that are not subject to registration 0 0 0 0
Category 4. State-owned land used by private individuals – illegal 0 0 0 0
4 As one land plot is affected by the two towers, it will be divided into three parts.
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Category 5. State-owned land, not used by private individuals 251
Non-compensable subtotal 251 48 %
100
Total 523
%
2.2.3 Categorization by Land Use
Type 1 – Non-Agricultural land plot. 9 plots of Type1 (29 808 sq.m; owned by 3 PAHs) fall
between the towers (partial impact) and are subject to easement compensation. 1 land plot (3 sq.m;
owned by 1 PAH) impacted by a tower will be acquired. In total, the number of plots of Type 1
will be 10 (total area affected 29 811 sq.m.), as certain plot is to be divided in two (2) separate plots
(one to be acquired due to permanent impact and the other to be compensated under the easement
agreement due to partial impact).
Type 2 - Agricultural Pastureland plot. 1 plot of Type 2 (14 695 sq.m; owned 1 PAHs) falls between
the towers (partial impact) and are subject to easement compensation. The same number of land
plots (256 sq.m; owned by 1 PAHs) impacted by a tower will be acquired. In total, the number of
plots of Type 2 will be 2 (total area affected 14 951 sq.m.), as certain plot is to be divided in two
(2) separate plots (one to be acquired due to permanent impact and the other to be compensated
under the easement agreement due to partial impact).
Type 3 - Agricultural Arable land plot. 256 plots of Type 3 (486 508 sq.m; owned 198 PAHs) fall
between the towers (partial impact) and are subject to easement compensation.37 land plots (7570
sq.m; owned by 39 PAHs) impacted by a tower will be acquired. In total, the number of plots of
Type 3 will be 2965 (total affected area 494 0788 sq.m.), as certain plot is to be divided in two or
three separate plots (one to be acquired due to permanent impact and the other to be compensated
under the easement agreement due to partial impact).
Type 4 - Agricultural Residential land plot6. 6 plots of Type4 (11 864 sq.m; owned 6 PAHs) fall
between the towers (partial impact) and are subject to easement compensation. 1 land plot (106
sq.m; owned by 1 PAHs) impacted by a tower will be acquired. In total, the number of plots of
Type 4 will be 7 (total affected area 11 970 sq.m.), as certain plot is to be divided in two separate
plots (one to be acquired due to permanent impact and the other to be compensated under the
easement agreement due to partial impact).
5As 1 land plot is affected by the two towers, it will be divided into the parts.
65 out of 6 Residential land plots are vacant (there are no structures). 1 residential land plot with the house is affected
by the project of area 129 sq.m out of 12 500 sq.m. Distance between the house and the protection zone is 90m.
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Table 2.2: Categories by Land Use
Initial Final
Partial Total
number number
Permanent Land impact amount
of of
Claim (land for (Land Plots within of
affected affected
purchase) the affected
land land
RoW/Easement) land
plots plots
Categories by Land Use Number Area Number Area Number Number Area
of plots (sq.m.) of plots (sq.m.) of plots of plots (sq.m.)
Compensable land %
Type-1. 1 3 9 29 808 9 10 29 811 3%
Type-2. 1 256 1 14 695 1 2 14 951 0%
Type-3. 37 7 570 256 486 508 256 293 494 078 94%
Type-4. 1 106 6 11 864 6 7 11 970 2%
Total 40 7 935 272 542 875 272 312 550 810 100%
2.3 Impact on crops
Affected crops on the project affected agricultural land plots are corn, pumpkin, beans, Soy, Oats
and Hay. Hay is the most cultivated plant occupying 122 156 sq.m of land. In total, 122 households
grow the specified crops on their 146 land plots of 324 707 sq.m. area7 (see Table 2.3).
All PAPs regardless of legal status of ownership will be eligible for crop compensation.
Table 2.3: Affected agricultural crops
Culture Plots of land Area in sq.m. Number of PAHs
Corn 67 100 724 57
Pumpkin 67 46 760 57
Bean 67 46 765 57
Soy 24 122 156 19
Oats 2 1 088 1
Hay 79 122 156 73
Total 146 324 707 122
7As per entitlement matrix: when possible, PAPs will be given enough time to harvest existing crops. Crop
compensation will be paid at gross market value of actual or expected harvest. Compensation for this item will be
provided in case of non-standing crops and even if the crops were harvested.
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2.4 Impact on Trees
In total, 5 213 trees (owned by 71 PAHs) are affected by the project, the distribution of which by
species and age groups is presented in Table 2.4. Also, tea plantation is affected (owned by 3
households), this crop is occupying 10 090 sq.m of the affected land. All PAPs regardless of legal
status of ownership will be eligible for the tree compensation.8
It is prohibited to plant trees within the RoW and the existing trees should be cut (but not all, as
explained further). The inventory studies identified 5 213 privately owned fruit and timber trees
and 10 090 sq. m area of tea plantation within the RoW. The actual number of the trees to be cut
will be determined before the civil works, the inventory will be conducted by GSE in the presence
of the owner of the trees and civil work contractor. As per N366 Ordinance of the GoG, defining
the OHL protection and cutting zones, where only the trees higher and lager than 4 meters, the
trees under the towers and located on the temporary access roads or the area required for the
stringing activities will be cut. The affected timber trees are mostly state owned and are not
included in the inventory list. The timber trees as well as timber from fruit bearing trees that will
be cut on private land plots will be passed in a possession of the owners9: they may use it as timber
material; this is an addition to the compensation for trees as per the Entitlement Matrix. On most
land plots several species of trees are grown. In total 71 PAHs lose trees. The details of the impacts
on trees is given in table 2.4.
Table 2.4. Impact on trees
Number of trees inside the Number
Number of trees inside the Cut
Spec protection zone of PAH
zone
(Except Cut zone)
11-
Age group (<5) 6-10 11-20 20+ (<5) 6-10 20+
20
Sub-total 157 416 1237 77 207 775 2253 91 71
Cherry 3 19 16 3 9 22 25 2 5
Grape 0 3 6 0 0 0 1 0 2
Apple 5 4 16 2 26 23 23 0 18
Mespilus 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Blueberry 0 194 0 0 0 401 0 0 1
Hazelnut 86 37 1003 2 152 89 1906 0 40
Walnut 1 10 28 55 1 48 25 65 19
8 The census-inventory form, signed by the PAP, distinctly differentiates the trees situated within the cutting and
protection zones. Throughout the course of public consultations as well as census-inventory process, explicit
clarification was provided to the PAPs, that the trees within the cutting zone would unequivocally be subject to logging,
while those within the protection zone would be contingent upon the necessities of the project. Consequently,
compensation would solely be rendered for trees that are cut.
9 Timber trees cut on unregistered land will be moved to the possession of the state/local municipality and will be
distributed the local population.
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Number of trees inside the Number
Number of trees inside the Cut
Spec protection zone of PAH
zone
(Except Cut zone)
11-
Age group (<5) 6-10 11-20 20+ (<5) 6-10 20+
20
Sub-total 157 416 1237 77 207 775 2253 91 71
Persimmon 5
(Khurma) 54 66 65 0 0 89 81 6
Quince 0 0 3 1 7 0 0 2 2
Fig 0 4 8 2 4 5 34 4 11
Avocado 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Mulberry 1 25 51 7 0 26 85 7 20
Pear 4 2 3 1 4 3 17 0 14
Wild plum
(Tkemali) 1 32 25 2 4 37 41 2 22
Plum 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Chestnut 0 0 1 1 0 4 9 0 5
Apricot 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Pomegranate 1 1 11 0 0 0 3 0 2
Bladdernuts 0 4 0 0 0 17 0 0 3
Cherry Laurel 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Boxwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1
Eriobotrya
japonica 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
Laurel 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Aleurites 0 15 0 0 0 7 0 0 1
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2.5 Impact on buildings
The majority of structures affected by the project are 95 fences, the others are 1 auxiliary building,
2 sheds, 1 cattle shed, a pigsty and a storage. Domestic structures described below are subject to
demolition/compensation. Detailed information of structures is provided in table 2.5.
Table 2.5. Impact on Buildings
N Type of Structure N of Affected Land Plot Area of the Fence HHs
1 Fences 95 13 245 81
2 Auxilary 1 15 1
3 Shed 2 18 2
4 Cattle Shed 1 22 1
5 Pigsty 1 13 1
6 Storage 1 30 1
Total 9510 13 343 81
2.6 Impact on Common Property
The project will not affect any kind of state land used by the local community.
2.7 Impact on Business and Employment
The project will not affect any kind of business.
2.8 Severely Affected Households
Detailed measurements showed that there are 4 PAHs that permanently lose 10% or more than
10% of agricultural land under the project impact or assets generating income and thus should be
considered severely affected. The households imposed to partial impact are not considered to be
severely affected, as they do not lose permanently their agricultural land and other sources of
income.
Table 2.6: Severely affected households
Affected area
# PAH ID Plot ID Total area (sq.m) %
(sq.m)
1 28 029 2470 272 11.0%
2 44 049 2850 442 15.5%
10 Without double counting
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3 59 064 1504 155 10.3%
4 178 222 2897 361 12.5%
2.9 Physical Relocation
Great efforts have been made to prevent physical displacement, as a result, there is no need for
physical relocation.
2.10 Vulnerable Households
A vulnerable household is any that might suffer disproportionately or face the risk of being
marginalized by the effects of resettlement. Examples of vulnerable households are those
comprising: (i) female-headed households with dependents; (ii) household with members of
persons with with disabilities t; (iii) poor households as defined by the official poverty line11; (iv)
elderly households with no labor or means of support; (v) IDPs.
As a result of the census conducted in the area of impact of the project, 27 households were
identified, which according to the SES belong to the vulnerable category.
Table 2.7: Vulnerable Households
Number of PAH
N Type of vulnerability Number of PAH
members
1. Female-headed PAH with dependents 5 6
2. PAH below the poverty line 11 47
Elderly households with no labor or means of
3. 7 11
support
Household with members of persons with
4. 2 9
disabilities
5. IDPs 2 11
Total without double counting12 27 84
11 The poverty line of PAHs is defined in Ordinance of the Government of Georgia N145, July 28, 2006. PAHs that
obtain less than 65001 scores or households with less than 120001 scores with a family member younger than 16 years
old, are entitled to allowance.
12 Some households may fall in several categories at the same time. The compensation will be given under one
category.
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3. Socio-economic Data
3.1 Introduction
The OHL crosses three municipalities of the Samegrelo region and two municipalities of the
Imereti region. The total population in these five municipalities is approximately 140 thousand.
As most rural areas in other parts of Georgia, all of the five municipalities are quite poor. While
there is no municipal level data on poverty, analysis of the Targeted Social Assistance (TSA)
database13 is that the share of the population who receive state support is quite high. For example,
the share of the population who have a score of 100 thousand or less (making them eligible for
most state support programs) is 29%, with Martvili (35%) and Tsalenjikha (40%) having
particularly high rates. The national average is slightly less than 20%. The Social Services Agency
(SSA) is quite effective in identifying vulnerable groups and providing monetary assistance.
However, relying on social assistance is extremely challenging and the poverty levels are very high
in the country, especially in the regions.
Most of the population in the target municipalities rely on subsistence agriculture. Maize,
hazelnuts, and Laurus leaves are particularly widespread, and farmers manage to sell them in small
quantities to retailers. Households usually have around 1 hectare of land, which is fragmented and
not viable for commercial agriculture. Households also sometimes have 1 or 2 heads of livestock
mostly for making cheese and other dairy products for home consumption. Households use nearby
territories as grazing areas. Usually, these lands are not registered, or belong to the state.
In Georgia, especially in rural areas, there is a strong presence of bonding social capital,
characterized by high levels of trust and cooperation within closely connected communities.
Georgians demonstrate remarkable generosity in their mutual support, readily offering and
receiving assistance from family members, friends, and neighbors, often prioritizing the well-
being of others over their own.14
A socio-economic survey was carried out within the framework of the project, 127 out of 206
(62%) PAH participated in the survey. There was no need for the sampling because it was planned
by the survey team that a census of 100% of the directly affected PAHs available on site would be
conducted to enumerate the PAPs. In case of unavailability of the desired interviewee (for
instance, the interviewee is busy, is not at home) the interviewer, according to the instruction,
tried to contact the non-respondent three times. In case of the non-respondent’s flat refusal or
failure to contact him/her for the third time, the interview would mark them as “failed interview”
and the selected interviewees were replaced by others.
The non-response follow-up procedure was described (date & time of each visit, reason for non-
response, etc.) in a specially developed form as a remark for each HH.
The socio-economic survey, as well as the inventory, was conducted from January 2023 to March
2023.The special inventory form and final questionnaire were developed for semi-structured
interviews. The purpose of the socio-economic survey was to obtain and document the baseline
13 https://ssa.moh.gov.ge/statistik.php?lang=1&id=202212070000144333422303&v=0
14 http://crrc.ge/uploads/tinymce/documents/Completed-projects/CRRC_Social_Capital_Briefing_Paper.pdf
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information about the socio-economic status of the affected population. The collected data was
entered into the Excel spreadsheet and analyzed.
The characteristics specified in this chapter are obtained according to the results of this socio-
economic survey. The SES of 127 PAHs fully (100 %) covers all vulnerable PAHs as well as 50%
of PAPs residing permanently in the affected villages. There are several stages to ensure the
information regarding vulnerable HHs: (1) Before starting the field works, special inventory form
was elaborated for HH survey, which includes the questions about the types of vulnerability.
During the field survey all interviewed HHs were asked for information if there are vulnerable
members in HHs and also if they are aware about the other villagers with vulnerable status. (2) In
addition, the Local Government and the Ministry of IDPs from the Occupied Territories, Labour,
Health and Social Affairs of Georgia was asked to provide the information regarding the vulnerable
HHs under the project impact. (3) After receiving the list of HHs this information was double-
checked with the representative of municipalities in each village under the project impact. After
implementing all these stages, complete information regarding the all the vulnerable categories
under the project impact were obtained, therefore all PAH/HHs who indicated any types of such
impact were 100% covered by SES.
Below is presented the socio-economic information of the affected population, which was obtained
as a result of the census and socio-economic survey.
3.2 Persons Affected by the Project
3.2.1 Demographic Characteristics
The survey covered 508 PAPs from 127 interviewed PAHs. The census of identified households
shows that 51% (259 persons) are women and 49% (249 persons) are men. Average family size is
4 members. Demographic data of affected households are detailed in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1: Demographic Profile of the Population Which Participated In Census
Woman Man Total
Age group
Quantity % Quantity % Quantity %
Children (0-5 years) 14 5% 4 2% 18 3,5%
Children (6-17 years old) 42 16% 37 15% 79 15,6%
Adults (men aged 18-65 and women
132 51% 167 67% 299 58,9%
aged 18-60)
Retirement age (65 years and above for
men and 60 years and above for 71 27% 41 16% 112 22,0%
women)
Total 259 100% 249 100% 508 100,0%
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The socio-economic survey of PAPs over 6 years revealed that 30% of the population has higher
education. 12% Technical / professional, 46% secondary, 10% elementary (see the table 3.2 below).
There is no significant difference in the data between the education levels of women and men,
number of men with high education is around 3 percentage points lower than women, also the
number of men without education is more than 2 percentage points higher than women.
Table 3.2: Education level of the affected population (adults)
Woman Man Total
Education
Quantity % Quantity % Quantity %
Without education 1 0% 2 1% 3 1%
Preschool 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Elementary 0 0% 2 1% 2 0%
Secondary education 92 45% 106 51% 198 48%
Technical / professional 32 16% 28 13% 60 15%
High education 78 38% 70 34% 148 36%
Total 203 100% 208 100% 411 100%
Regarding the marital status of adult PAPs, 61 % of the PAPs are married, and 25 % are not
married. Details are given in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3: Marital Status of The Affected Population
Woman Man Total
Marital status
Quantity % Quantity % Quantity %
Married 123 61% 126 61% 249 61%
Unmarried 38 19% 64 31% 102 25%
Divorced 4 2% 5 2% 9 2%
Widow 38 19% 13 6% 51 12%
Total 203 100% 208 100% 411 100%
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3.2.2 Socio-Economic Situation of Households
In all 60% of the surveyed households have more than one source of income. Pension is the most
common source of income. The households have the highest monthly income from employment
in the private sector, PAHs receive significant income from money transfer abroad. Some
households receive income from private business. The average monthly income is 657 GEL.
Table 3.4: Source of Income of the Affected Households
Sources of income Quantity of Average monthly income
PAHs in GEL
Salary from the public sector 30 855
Salary from the private sector 26 1312
Income from agriculture 25 391
Pension 79 447
Social allowance 22 277
Financial allowance received from relatives 1 200
Private business income 6 1083
Temporary jobs 16 600
Money transfers from abroad 3 1233
Other 3 173
Average monthly income 657
The basic expenses of an average household in GEL are as follows: The monthly expenditure on
meals or food is approximately 484 GEL, Clothing expenses amount to around GEL 113 per month.
For communal services, including utilities and housing-related expenses, the average monthly
expenditure is 101 GEL. Services expenses, which may include various subscriptions and other
miscellaneous costs, amount to 74 GEL per month. Medicines, including healthcare expenses, have
an average monthly expenditure of 163 GEL. Lastly, education expenses, which encompass
educational fees and related costs, average 217 GEL per month. Transportation costs, covering
travel and commuting expenses, are around 80 GEL per month.
Table 3.5. Expenses
quantity of Average monthly
Basic expenses
PAHs expenditures in GEL
meal/food 84 484
Clothes 43 113
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communal 64 101
Services 31 74
Medicines 77 163
Education 19 217
Transportation 53 80
More than half of the surveyed households (54%) do not have loans. For the remaining PAHs the
most common way is to borrow money from the banks (40%) (Table 3.6). The PAHs can use several
sources, so the sum of answers distribution is more than 100%.
Table 3.6: Credit consumption by households
Credit consumption Quantity of
%
PAHs
Has no loan 68 54%
Loan from the bank 51 40%
Loan from a private person 0 0%
Loan from a micro-finance organization 9 7%
3.2.3 Access to Infrastructure
The main source of water for the surveyed households is tap water inside the house and inside the
yard. Some households use their own well (9%). The PAHs can use several sources, so the sum of
answers distribution is more than 100%.
64% of surveyed households use pits for sewage purposes, and 37% use sewage system. Some PAHs
have both sewage systems available.
Table 3.7: Sources of Water Supply and Sewage System
Quantity
Water supply and sewage system %
PAHs
Tap water in the yard 50 39%
Tap water inside the house 118 93%
Spring water 2 2%
Own well 11 9%
Common use well 26 20%
Moving water tank 0 0%
Sewage pit 81 64%
Central sewage 47 37%
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Electricity stands as the most accessible energy option, being available to 100% of households.
Following closely is natural gas, which is accessible to 80% of households. Liquid gas is available
to 14% of the PAHs, while wood serves as an energy source for 51% of the households.
Table 3.9: Availability of energy sources
Energy sources Quantity %
Electricity 127 100%
Natural gas 102 80%
Liquid gas 18 14%
Wood 65 51%
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4. Legal Framework
4.1. General Overview
The legal and policy framework of the project is based on national legislation and norms related
to Land Acquisition and Settlement (LAR) in Georgia and IFI requirements. Project-related LAR
principles were developed based on the requirements of applicable legal norms and policy analysis.
4.2.1 Georgia Legislation and Regulations Related to Procurement and Accommodation
In Georgia, the legislative acts given below15 regulate the issues of obtaining State ownership
rights to privately owned land parcels based on the necessary public needs established due to
road construction activities:
(i) Civil Procedure Code of Georgia.
(ii) Law of Georgia on the Procedure for the Expropriation of Property for Pressing
Public Needs.
(iii) General Administrative Code of Georgia.
(iv) Administrative Procedural Code of Georgia;
(v) Constitution of Georgia;
(vi) Civil Code of Georgia;
(vii) Organic law of Georgia on Agricultural Land Ownership Law of Georgia;
(viii) Law of Georgia on Recognition of Property Rights of the Parcels of Land Possessed
(used) by Natural Persons and Legal Entities under Private Law;
(ix) Law of Georgia on the State Property;
(x) Law of Georgia on the Public Register;
(xi) Law of Georgia on the Improvement of Cadastral Data and the Procedure for
Systematic and Sporadic Registration of Rights to Plots of Land;
(xii) Tax Code of Georgia;
(xiii) Law of Georgia on the Entrepreneurship;
Overall, the above laws/regulations provide that the principle of compensation at full replacement
cost is reasonable and legally supported. The laws also identify the types of damages eligible for
compensation and indicate that compensation is to be given both for loss of physical assets and for
the loss of income. Finally, these laws place strong emphasis on consultation and notification to
ensure that the APs participate in the process. Income loss due to loss of harvest and business
closure will be compensated to cover net loss. The above-listed laws and regulations allow for the
application of the following legal mechanisms related to property rights:
(i) Obtaining the right on way without expropriation through the payment of due
compensation (on the basis of a contract or agreement) prior to commencement of the activities.
(ii) The Law of Georgia ‘On the Rules for Expropriation of Ownership for Necessary Public
Need’ allows expropriation which gives the possibility of obtaining permanent right to land and/or
other real estate property on the basis of Eminent Domain Law and a court decision through the
15For the purposes of this LARP, the versions of the legislative acts are deemed those that are valid by the time of
preparation of this LARP
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payment of due compensation. Additionally, Civil Code (articles 180 and 247) regulates The Right
of Way of Necessity and Easement right which is granted by the court decision.
4.2.2 Lenders’ Policies
The Lenders’ Policies that are relevant to land acquisition and compensation are as follows:
• E&S standards of the WB Group (WB ESS) within the framework of donor harmonisation
(Paris Declaration).
Specific World Bank requirements concerning resettlement are contained in the ESS5 on
Involuntary Resettlement that is based on the following principles:
• To avoid involuntary resettlement or, when unavoidable, minimize involuntary resettlement
by exploring project design alternatives.
• To avoid forced eviction.
• To mitigate unavoidable adverse social and economic impacts from land acquisition or
restrictions on land use by: (a) providing timely compensation for loss of assets at replacement
cost and (b) assisting displaced persons in their efforts to improve, or at least restore, their
livelihoods and living standards, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing
to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.
• To improve living conditions of poor or vulnerable persons who are physically displaced,
through provision of adequate housing, access to services and facilities, and security of tenure.
• To conceive and execute resettlement activities as sustainable development programs,
providing sufficient investment resources to enable displaced persons to benefit directly from
the project, as the nature of the project may warrant.
• To ensure that resettlement activities are planned and implemented with appropriate
disclosure of information, meaningful consultation, and participation of affected households.
ESS5 contains the obligation to provide support and assistance in the course of the compensation
and resettlement process, during and following the resettlement process.
Assistance during the compensation and resettlement process shall include:
• Assistance during the relocation of personal belongings.
• Maintenance, transport, and/or sale of materials from the old facility.
• Transport of household members with medical assistance where required; and
• Assistance with the entering into possession of new real property.
As part of the quoted World Bank Policy, particular attention is paid to vulnerable groups of the
population. These are groups of people who, under the impact of the Project, by virtue of gender,
ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic status, or social status may be more
adversely affected by resettlement caused by the Project than other population groups, or who
may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance.
The following categories of persons will be eligible for different types of mitigation measures under
the elaborated RAP:
a) Persons who have legal formal rights to land (including legal title or customary and
statutory rights of occupancy recognized under the Law),
b) Persons who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have
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a claim to such land or assets provided that such claims are recognized under the national law or
become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement and compensation plan,
c) Persons who have no claim to land they are occupying or using.
Persons covered under a) and b) above are to be provided compensation for land they lose, and
other assistance in accordance with the policy. Persons covered under c) above are to be provided
with resettlement assistance instead of compensation for the land they occupy or use, and other
assistance, as necessary, to achieve the objectives set out in this policy, if they occupy or use the
project area prior to a cut-off date established by the appropriate authorities and acceptable to the
WB. All persons included in a), b) or c) above are to be provided with compensation sufficient for
purchasing alternative assets to those that were lost and that are other than land.
The associated facilities will involve land acquisition and economic displacement and could
potentially also require involuntary resettlement. As most of these developments are financed by
international financing institutions, they will apply international policies on land acquisition and
involuntary resettlement, such as EBRD PR5 or similar. Therefore, the eligibility and entitlement
should not differ between the Project and these associated facilities. To avoid substantial gaps in
entitlements and the valuation of unit rates for cash compensation at full replacement cost, each
detailed RAP implemented by the Project will include a review of the compensation rates
established for the associated facilities and coordinate with their developers.
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4.2.3 Comparison of Georgian Legislation and WB ESS
In Georgia, entitlements for payment for the exchange of land are based on registration of
ownership. However, under the Lenders’ involuntary resettlement policies, affected persons are
entitled to some form of compensation whether or not they own a registered land title, if they
occupy or use the land prior to the cut-off date. The focus of the Lenders’ policies is to mitigate
the adverse impacts of poverty, where any adverse impacts occurring are directly or indirectly
attributable to activities funded by the project. In cases where PAP have no ownership or tenure
rights according to Georgian law due to lack of registration, the provisions of the Lenders’
requirements will be applied in terms of their rights for compensation, consultation, and grievance
mechanisms. Where there is a difference between the compensation requirements of the laws of
Georgia and Lenders’ requirements, the more beneficial to the affected people, will be employed
in order for the Lenders to support and fund the project.
Table below provides an analysis of the differences between Georgian Laws and Lenders’
requirements.
Table 4.1: Comparison of Georgian laws/norms and Lender’s policy
Issue Georgia laws and regulations WB land acquisition, involuntary Measures taken by the
resettlement and livelihood GSE to Bridge Gaps
restoration requirements Between Georgian law
and Lenders’
requirements
Resettlement As per the Law of Georgia on Development of a resettlement and RAP will be prepared for
Planning the Rules for Expropriation of land acquisition plan or framework each project (see Section
Ownership for Necessary is obligatory for involuntary 8)
Public Need, the State of resettlement. The process includes a The RAP should include
Georgia has a constitutional socioeconomic survey with gender meaningful consultation
right to carry out acquisition disaggregated data and a with PAP (see Section 9),
of property through vulnerability assessment. socio-economic surveys
expropriation (Clause 21). Lenders require that measures are and consideration of
The preparation of a RAP taken to address the needs of vulnerability (see Section
(including socio-economic female-headed households and that 3)
survey, census of the both men and women can access
population affected by the compensation and assistance.
project, monitoring and
reporting of the process) is not
required by Georgian
legislation.
Displacement Does not specifically call for Actively seek to avoid displacement The Project will seek to
avoidance avoidance of displacement by exploring project and design avoid physical and
whenever possible. alternatives to minimise adverse economic displacement
impacts. Where not possible to or minimise these if
avoid or minimise all displacement avoidance is not possible.
impacts, a project must identify
mitigation measures.
Eligibility Compensation only required Lack of formal ownership does not See Section 4.3
for registered land owners or preclude compensation to bona fide Displaced persons
others with rights recognised occupants or affected parties. without titles to land or
by law. If land registrations any recognizable legal
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Issue Georgia laws and regulations WB land acquisition, involuntary Measures taken by the
resettlement and livelihood GSE to Bridge Gaps
restoration requirements Between Georgian law
and Lenders’
requirements
are in the process of being Displaced persons without titles to rights to land are eligible
issued, compensation can be land or any recognizable legal rights for resettlement
paid after completion of the to land are eligible for resettlement assistance and
regularisation process. assistance and compensation for loss compensation for loss of
of non-land assets. non-land assets at
replacement cost.
Compensation Article 19.3 of the Land-for-land to be preferred in Cash compensation
for land Constitution allows the land-based economies, Cash agreements will be based
expropriation of the private compensation is only acceptable if on full replacement cost.
ownership only according to land for land is not feasible and if
the Court Decision on basis of loss of land does not undermine the
the appropriate and fair livelihoods of PAPs.
reimbursement. Community assets to be
Cash payment to individuals is compensated at community level.
the usual option, but land-for- Cash compensation based on
land compensation may be replacement cost and technical
made with owner’s agreement. assistance and monitoring provided
No community level to ensure cash compensation is used
compensation measures are appropriately and livelihood
specifically required, although restoration is completed. In cases
compensation for community- where affected persons reject
owned and – registered lands compensation offers that meet
would presumably be Lenders’ requirements and, as a
required. result, expropriation or other legal
procedures are initiated, the Project
owner will explore opportunities to
cooperate with the responsible
government authority, and if
permitted by the authority, play an
active role in the resettlement
planning, implementation and
monitoring
Timing of compensation: The
Project owner should promptly
compensate economically displaced
persons for loss of assets or access to
assets. This process should be
initiated prior to displacement.
Where compensation is to be paid
by a responsible government
agency, the Project should
collaborate with the agency to help
accelerate the payments
Complaints Article 42 of the Constitution There must be an independent The GSE had established
and protects citizens and objective appeal mechanism that is a transparent and
grievances encourages appealing to the open to the public and reported accessible grievance
court for protection of their openly. mechanism for PAPs to
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Issue Georgia laws and regulations WB land acquisition, involuntary Measures taken by the
resettlement and livelihood GSE to Bridge Gaps
restoration requirements Between Georgian law
and Lenders’
requirements
rights and freedom in any The Project owner should establish use throughout the land
claim dispute. a grievance mechanism as early as acquisition process.
In case of dispute over possible in the process to receive/ See Grievance
expropriated land value, both address in a timely manner the Resolution Mechanism
the landowner and GSE can concerns related to physical/ presented in GSE
bring a lawsuit. economic displacement. Stakeholders
Only the regional court has Engagement Plan
authority to decide disputes
over land value and
compensation.
The Georgian legislation does
not necessitate setting up a
grievance mechanism for the
affected people and businesses,
though there is a 30-day
period in which the list of
affected assets can be rejected
in the case of a material
mistake in the case of
customarily owned lands
Consultation No requirement for All affected and impacted people See Sections 9 and 10
with PAP to consultation with affected must be consulted prior to All impacted people will
be parties. agreements. Compensation must be be consulted prior to
compensated agreed prior to handover of assets agreements.
and prior to civil works Compensation will be
commencing in affected area. agreed prior to handover
of assets and prior to
civil works commencing
in affected area.
Livelihood No provisions for livelihood Requires that affected people be in The RAPs will assess if
Restoration restoration. equal or better socioeconomic there is a need for
condition as a result of the project livelihood restoration
activities. measures to restore or
The Project owner must provide improve the
assistance that will offset any loss of socioeconomic
a community’s commonly held conditions of the
resources. affected people. It this
need is identified,
livelihood restoration
measures will be defined
and implemented.
See section 6
Livelihood No requirement for Proper monitoring, evaluation and Compensation and
restoration monitoring of compensation reporting of livelihood restoration livelihood restoration
mitigation/ measures. mitigation measures are required. will be monitored during
monitoring project implementation
via internal and external
monitoring, completion
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Issue Georgia laws and regulations WB land acquisition, involuntary Measures taken by the
resettlement and livelihood GSE to Bridge Gaps
restoration requirements Between Georgian law
and Lenders’
requirements
report and independent
audits.
See section 12
Vulnerable No specific provision. Vulnerable people who warrant The RAPs will define
People specific assistance must be vulnerability criteria and
identified and supported identify affected
throughout the resettlement vulnerable persons (see
compensation process. Lenders Section 9)
require that measures are provided Affected households
to enable poor and vulnerable categorized as vulnerable
people (including women) who are will receive specific
physically displaced or affected by assistance (see Section 6)
economic displacement to improve
their incomes to at least national
minimum standards.
Public No direct provision for public Public consultation and See Section 10
consultation consultation in Georgian laws participation of affected people Consultation with key
and pertaining to land acquisition, required throughout project process stakeholders and PAPs
disclosure but there are information and from planning through regarding resettlement
disclosure requirements. implementation, including public aims for a participatory
notifications of activities and approach.
consideration of the needs of Vulnerable groups were
vulnerable groups. Resettlement considered in the
documentation should be disclosed. implementation of
consultation activities.
Resettlement
documentation will be
disclosed.
Monitoring No requirement. Monitoring and evaluation to be See Section 12
and clearly defined in the resettlement Internal and external
evaluation planning instrument. Monitoring monitoring are defined
and evaluation to confirm by the LARCF.
attainment of equal or better Completion reports, and
conditions than pre-project or external completion
recommend measures to attain audits will assess if the
those conditions. objectives of the LARCF
External monitoring for projects have been achieved. If
classified as high social risk. this is not the case,
corrective actions will be
defined and
implemented.
To reconcile the gaps between Georgia laws/regulations and WB Policy, GSE has prepared the
Resettlement Policy Framework and this RAP, for the Project, ensuring compensation at full
replacement cost of all items, the rehabilitation of informal settlers, and the provision of subsidies
or allowances for the PAHs to be relocated, suffer business losses, or those severely affected.
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4.3. Eligibility for Compensation and Eligibility Matrix
4.3.1 Eligibility
PAPs entitled for compensation or at least rehabilitation provisions under the Project are:
(i) All PAPs losing land are either covered by legal title/traditional land rights, Legalizable,
or without legal status.
(ii) Tenants and sharecroppers whether registered or not.
(iii) Owners of buildings, crops, plants, or other objects attached to the land; and
(iv) (iv) PAPs losing business, income, and salaries
Compensation eligibility is limited by the cut-off date. In the initial stages of land registration,
PAPs were provided with details about the significance of the cut-off date, including its essential
aspects and the methods through which its announcement would be carried out.For this RAP cut-
off date was established as January 23, 2023. It was clearly communicated to the PAPs during the
public consultations conducted in each municipality on 23-24 January 2023, with the participation
of representatives of GSE and Aligator LTD, the residents of the Project affected villages in
Dedalauri Community of Khoni Municipality, Jvari and Maglki communities of Tskaltubo
Municipality and Sachino community of Tsalenjikha Municipality.
Persons who settle in the project area after this date will not receive compensation, although they
will be notified in advance to vacate their residences and dismantle the affected structures before
the project is implemented. The materials of the dismantled buildings will not be subject to
confiscation, and these persons will not be subject to any fines or sanctions.
4.3.2 Determination of Entitlements
The Land Acquisition and Resettlement process started in 2019 for the Project and was conducted
in two phases.
Phase 1 consisted in the assistance to registration of land plots in the RoW of the Project and
establishment of the organizational processes for the land acquisition and resettlement process in
accordance with the Project Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and WB requirements. This
process included assistance to landowners within the identified Right of Way of the Project lines,
based on existing Feasibility Study and Preliminary Designs of the Overhead Lines to complete
registration of their properties. Local municipality, Ministry of Justice, National Agency of Public
Registry were involved in this process. Public consultations were held several times and as a result,
all the effort was made to identify and reach all the PAHs.
Phase 2 consists of preparation and implementation of Resettlement Action Plan (“RAP”), in
compliance with WB ESS requirements and the Project RPF. The RAP is based on the Detailed
Design studies which were completed in 2022.
Entitlement provisions for PAPs losing land, houses, and income and rehabilitation subsidies will
include provisions for permanent or temporary land losses, buildings losses, crops and trees losses,
a relocation subsidy, and a business losses allowance based on tax declarations and/or existing
minimum market rates. These entitlements are detailed below:
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Agricultural and Non-agricultural land: Titled settlers will be compensated at full replacement
cost free of depreciation. Legalizable settlers will be legalized, registered in NAPR and
compensated as titled PAPs. Non-titled landowners with non-legalizable land will be compensated
with one-time self-relocation allowances in cash equal to 1 year of minimum salary in case the
land that they lose is the only land plot used and provides main source of income for PAH. In case
of absentee owners, the compensation amount for their affected assets will be allocated to an
escrow account and be readily available when the absentee owner reappears.
• Houses, buildings, and auxiliary structures (fences, toilets, etc.): will be compensated in cash
at full replacement cost free of deductions for depreciation, and transaction costs irrespective
of the registration status of the affected land. Construction materials remaining after the
demolition of the structures will be deemed as ownership of the PAH.
• Trees: Cash compensation at replacement value based on type, age and productivity of trees.
• Loss of wages/employment: if an employee loses their wages due to the project interventions,
they will be compensated in the form of assistance equivalent to 3 months of minimum salary.
• Relocation/Shifting Allowance: APs forced to relocate will receive a relocation subsidy.
sufficient to cover transport costs and living expenses for 3 months.
• Vulnerable people Livelihood: Vulnerable PAH (below poverty line, women headed or with
members with disabilities or pensioners) will receive an allowance equivalent to 3 months of
minimum salary and will be prioritized for employment in scopes of the project.
4.3.2 Compensation Eligibility Matrix
Project tasks will be carried out according to the authority and authority structure for
compensation, in accordance with Georgian laws and WB policies. A summary of the
authorization form is presented in Table 4.2 below which defines the categories of affected people
eligible for compensation and other resettlement assistance and their entitlements. It should be
noted that due to the nature of the impact not all the entitlement will be materialized within the
project.
Table 4.2: Entitlement Matrix
Type of Loss Application Definition of PAPs Compensation Entitlements
Land
Permanent loss of PAPs Registered owner Registered owner will receive cash compensation
agricultural land permanently at full replacement cost at current market value
(e.g.tower footprint, losing land without deduction of transaction fees.
enhancement of regardless of If residual plot becomes unusable the GSE will
access roads) impact severity acquire it in full if the PAP so desires.
Legalizable owner These PAPs will be assisted to legalize their land
right and then will be provided with cash
compensation at full replacement cost of land.
If residual plot becomes unusable the GSE will
acquire it in full if the PAP accepts.
Renters / Leaseholder Non-eligible for land compensation; only for
other losses of assets indicated in the Entitlement
Matrix will be compensated.
Non-legalizable owner Non‐legalizable PAPs losing arable land plot,
without any formal legal right to it will not be
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Type of Loss Application Definition of PAPs Compensation Entitlements
compensated for the land itself but will be
eligible for compensation on the assets sitting on
the land (e.g. structures, productive trees, crops).
Agricultural tenants These PAPs will receive a rental allowance in
and sharecroppers cash for 3 months + assistance to identify and
rent or ease a replacement property
Permanent loss of PAPs Registered owner Registered owner will receive cash compensation
non-agricultural land permanently at full replacement cost at market value without
(residential- losing non- transaction fees.
commercial) arable land Legalizable owner These PAPs will receive cash compensation as
regardless of legalized owners after their title will be legalized
impact severity and registered at the public register.
Renters/ Leaseholder Non-eligible for land compensation; only for
other losses indicated in the Entitlement Matrix
will be compensated.
Non-legalizable owner Non‐legalizable PAPs losing agricultural land
plot, without any formal legal right to it will not
be compensated for the land itself but will be
eligible for compensation on the assets sitting on
the land (e.g. structures, productive trees, crops).
Agricultural tenants Non-eligible for land compensation; only for
and sharecroppers other losses indicated in the Entitlement Matrix
will be compensated.
Permanent PAPs not losing Registered owner These PAPs will receive a lump sum easement
restrictions on use their land falling fee. Such a fee is established on base an
land (e.g. easement within RoW but independent valuation expert.
for transmission line land use Legalizable owner These PAPs will be legalized and the owner will
Right of Way) restrictions receive easement fee determined by an
imposed independent valuation expert.
(prohibition of
constructing Non-legalizable user Non-eligible for easement fee for land‐use
structures and restriction; only for other losses of assets
planting/growing indicated in the Entitlement Matrix will be
trees) compensated.
Agricultural tenants Non-eligible for land compensation; only for
and sharecroppers other losses indicated in the Entitlement Matrix
will be compensated.
Temporary use of Lease of land for All PAPs Contractor will lease land required temporarily
land during project purposes during construction on voluntary basis for at least
construction (e.g. camps, one year. Landowner will have right to refuse the
storage, access offer. Lease rates to be paid should not be less
road, working than lease at current market rates, plus
space) compensation for any loss of crops or trees.
Reimbursement of harvest will be made for the
same period as the missed season on the affected
lands. Affected trees and crops will be
compensated in cash according to RAP fees. It is
also required that lands (or other assets) be fully
cleared and restored following use.
Buildings and Structures
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Type of Loss Application Definition of PAPs Compensation Entitlements
Loss of residential PAPS losing Registered owner In addition of compensation for loss of land,
buildings residential PAPs will receive compensation and replacement
building within value (without depreciation) for the house and
the Right of Way will be offered to be provided with resettlement
assistance to ensure that the PAPs are relocated
to a new house with access to services and
security of tenure.
Legalizable owner The buildings of these PAPs will be legalized and
in addition to compensation for loss of land,
PAPs will receive compensation and replacement
value for the house and will be offered to be
provided with resettlement assistance to ensure
that the PAPs are relocated in a new house with
access to services and security of tenure.
Renter/ Leaseholder Non-eligible for compensation for the house. The
PAPs will be informed well in advance of
requirement to move and will receive the
equivalent of 3 (three) months’ rent and support
to transport belongings to new location.
Non-legalizable user If the building was built and is occupied by the
PAP, the building is eligible for compensation at
full replacement cost plus support to transport
belongings to a new location.
If the building was not built by the PAP, PAP
will be notified well in advance (at least three
months) and will receive three months’ rent for a
similar dwelling and assistance to moving their
belongings to new location.
Loss of non- PAPs having Registered owner Compensation at full replacement cost for lost
residential structures non-residential structures, in addition to compensation for loss of
(e.g. sheds, barns, structure within land.
fences,) the Right of Way Legalizable owner These PAPs will be legalized and then will
receive compensation at full replacement cost for
lost structures, in addition to compensation for
loss of land
Renter/Leaseholder Non-eligible for compensation of the non-
residential structure they are renting, but eligible
for affected ancillary structures they have built or
own.
Non-legalizable user Eligible for compensation at full replacement cost
of all structures built by the non-legalizable user.
Community Infrastructure/Common Property Resources
Loss of common Community/ Community/ Reconstruction of the lost structure or
property and/or Public assets Government reestablishment of lands temporarily used, in
resources consultation with community and restoration of
their functions
Graves and Graves located in Families of the Payment for relocation of the graves, and any
cemeteries the footprints of deceased costs associated with ceremonies to be agreed
the permanent with the affected people.
structures
(towers,
substations)
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Type of Loss Application Definition of PAPs Compensation Entitlements
(if not possible to
avoid)
Income and Livelihood
Crops Removal of All PAPs regardless of When possible, PAPs will be given enough time
standing crops legal status (including to harvest existing crops. Crop compensation will
or loss of registered owners, be paid at gross market value of actual or
planned crop legalizable, non‐ expected harvest. Compensation for this item will
incomes legalizable users, be provided in case of non-standing crops and
renters and even if the crops were harvested.
sharecroppers)
Trees Removal of All PAPs regardless of Registered and legalizable owners will be
trees from the legal status (including compensation at full replacement cost:
Right of Way registered owners, compensation at market rate on the basis of type,
legalizable, non‐ age, market price of product and the productive
legalizable users, and life of the trees.
renters) non‐ legalizable users, and renters will be
compensated if these trees are planted by them.
Business/Employment Business/ Business owner (i) (permanent impact) cash indemnity of one-
Employment loss year net income; (ii) (temporary impact) cash
(entire Right of indemnity of net income for months of business
Way, where stoppage (up to maximum 12 months).
deployment of Assessment to be based on tax declaration or, in
business its absence, minimum subsistence income wage
structures is for average consumer.
prohibited)
Workers/employees Indemnity for lost wages equal to Six-month
subsistence wage for an average consumer.
Loss of access to Affected All affected households Loss of access to communal resources, such as
communal natural community traditionally using the logging areas and pastures, will be mitigated by
resources members lost resources restoring access to those resource areas as soon as
practicable.
Temporary loss of Loss of access or Land owners and/or Alternative temporary access will be set up by
income or mean of interruption of land users, business the Design and Build Contractors
livelihood due to loss access to land owners
of access to land or to parcel or
businesses because of business
temporary project activities
activities during
construction
Specific assistance measures
Severe impacts 10% or more of PAPs permanently Additional allowance equivalent to market value
permanent loss losing (e.g., due to of two-year yield from affected land or
of productive tower footprints) compensation for Six-month subsistence wage for
lands 10% and more than an average consumer (whichever is greater).
10% of affected Specific livelihood restoration measures to be
agricultural land defined in the Resettlement Action Plan.
(including registered
owners, legalizable and
non‐legalizable users,
Renters are not
eligible)
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Type of Loss Application Definition of PAPs Compensation Entitlements
Physical Transport/ All PAPs to be Physically Displaced households are eligible for
displacement/ transition costs physically relocated an allowance covering transport expenses and
Transportation of (including registered livelihood expenses for the transitional period
personal belongings owners, legalizable, equal to Six-month subsistence wage for an
to new location (new non‐ legalizable users, average consumer.
house) and renters)
Vulnerable people Impact on Economically One-time allowance equal to subsistence
allowance vulnerable Disadvantaged (under minimum unit rate for three-month period and
people poverty line) PAHs, employment priority in project-related jobs for
single women headed capable members of all vulnerable households
household, Persons
with Disabilities or
elderly (as defined in
each RAP)
This applies to
damage caused
due to
construction
Extension of
contractor’s
construction period
failure to comply
due to the
with its
construction
contractual Compensation for such damages during
company’s failure to
obligations and construction and extension of construction
complete on time or All PAPs
normal good period due to the constructor is a contractor’s
damages during
practice, such as, responsibility. Compensation will be assessed and
rehabilitation works
for example, the paid per procedures and rates of the RAP.
caused by
unintentional
construction
destruction of
contractor’s activities
assets situated on
the property
outside the
ROW.
Tax liabilities, registration and financial transaction related costs caused by the project implementation will be covered
by the project and included in the accounting. Compensation will be provided in net, as determined by an independent
and licensed valuator, following the principles and methodology of international valuation standard, and elaborated in
formulas in respective RAP. No tax deductions will be applied to the compensation amount. In the event that taxes apply
to the compensation amount, the appropriate tax amount will be topped up and covered by the project.
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5. Valuation Methodology
This section describes the methodology that will be followed to determine compensation rates for
property losses. This section only addresses the valuation of lost assets. The valuation of affected
assets and establishment of compensation unit rate have been undertaken by an independent
accredited valuator, following International Valuation Standards (IVS). Assets have been evalued
at replacement cost based on the average market value. The independent valuator has considered
the principles described hereafter. Compensation for all land use and assets in cash, as guided by
the entitlement matrix, is required for: Land that is used temporarily or permanently, land with
restrictions on future use, residential buildings, structures, cultivated crops, perennial crops, fruit
trees or timber trees, businesses (formal or informal) and loss of wages.
5.1 Valuation and Compensation Calculation Methodology for Land Plots
5.1.1 Valuation of Land
• The value of the land plots affected by the Project has been determined by market or sales
comparison approach that valuate the object in comparison to available valuation of other
objects (for example, land acquisition is done, the land was recently sold or have been
advertised for sale).
• The Market or Sales Comparison Approach values a land plot in comparison to the market value
of other lands that have recently been sold or have been declared for sale. In accordance with
this standard, a consistent approach was applied to determine the market value of land to be
acquired: Market data of land sales, similar to the one to be valued, have been collected and
analyzed. The market has been studied in detail, through obtaining reliable information on the
factors affecting the cost of land to be valued. The relative unit of comparison was determined,
the comparative analysis was made and the market value of the land to be acquired was
determined.
• The difference between the established market values is caused by the location, area,
accessibility, proximity to settlements, and utility proximity to the land plots to be evaluated.
Accordingly, land plots located close to roads and utilities, and characterized by easy access
have a higher value than land plots located away from roads, settlements, and utilities, in hard-
to-reach locations. We also clarify that the market value of the land plots located in the same
village, at the same location, for example, can vary significantly due to differences in the
physical characteristics of the plot. The difference between the prices of the plots located in the
neighboring villages is caused not only by the difference in their physical characteristics, but
also by the difference in the prices of the plots put up for sale and alienable plots.
5.2 Valuation of Structures.
Full replacement cost of houses, commercial buildings and other structures (for example, barn,
fences, summer-house and other auxiliary constructions, outdoor kitchens, cattle-shed or others)
will be determined based on construction type, cost of materials, transportation, types of
construction, land preparation, labour, and other costs at current rates. The value identified is the
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value necessary for the construction of a comparable building or structure, i.e. the cost today for
the construction of a building of similar parameters. No deduction for depreciation will be applied.
The detailed methodology for determining valuations and compensation rates is included in Annex
4.
5.3 Valuation Method of Annual Crops
The market value of annual crops was determined as the net market rates at the farm gate for the
first-year crop. In the event that more than one year’s compensation is due to the PAPs, the crops
after the first year will be compensated at gross market value.
5.4 Valuation Method of Fruit-bearing Trees
Fruit trees will be compensated differently if they are productive or yet to become productive.
Productive trees will be compensated based on the future income lost for the years needed to re-
grow a tree to the same age/production potential at which it was cut. Productive trees will be
compensated based on the price of a seedling plus the income of the productive tree for the years
needed to grow from the one-year seedling. The price of the seedling also includes the cost of
fertilizers, water and other expenses.
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6. Livelihood Restoration
6.1 Livelihood Impacts and Associated Monitoring
Permanent land acquisition for towers involves small pieces of land and usually in similar projects,
landowners experience no impact to their livelihoods. Restrictions to the corridor can involve
impacts to livelihoods in orchard-based agriculture, which is not the case here. In transmission
line projects, livelihood impacts in rural areas are typically associated with the following
components:
• Any physical displacement that either the towers or the restrictions in the line corridor
may entail.
It is also useful to mention that none of the PAPs that were interviewed in socio-economic surveys
or that participated in public meetings mentioned that they would require support in restoring
affected livelihoods. During the RAP implementation and preparation of Completion Report the
socio-economic conditions of PAPs will be double-checked and if the living conditions of HHs
will be in worse as before project started, additional livelihood restoration measures will be
elaborated based on PAPs needs and the approach listed below.
As a result, no livelihood restoration impacts are envisioned, and no specific livelihood restoration
activities are planned apart from the specific provided by the compensation entitlement matrix.
However, on-going monitoring of PAPs will allow to detect any adverse impact to livelihoods
should such be experienced, and ad-hoc support would then be provided. This could include one
of the following activities:
• Support to identification of alternative agricultural land;
• Support to transaction and to registration of new land;
• Technical agricultural support;
• Financial and legal advice to help PAPs in investing their compensation in a longterm
perspective rather than contributing to a household boom and bust, caused by spending
the compensation payment in an unplanned manner.
Only four households will lose more than 10% of their productive land and will be compensated
accordingly. Usually, based on the experience of similar projects in Georgia, the population has
strong preference for monetary compensation. This may be explained by the fact that for small
parts of their land plots, it is unfeasible to find or use a similar or slightly larger land plot. Also,
land market is not developed in the target communities, so purchasing similar land for
compensation can’t be arranged. Finally, as the unit price per sq.m. is adequate, people like to
generate monetary income either from land sales (usually, around 200-250 sq. m. for erecting a
tower) or easement (for land under the cables).
In regards of natural resource use, it was checked with representatives of local municipalities that
the Project will not impede any use of forest or other natural resources that might entail livelihood
impacts.
If new circumstances emerge during the RAP implementation affecting livelihood, specific
measures will be applied. This might be the case in situations where:
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• Collective customary right of use cannot be legally recognized on some areas of land, such
as some grazing areas in remote mountainous areas; or
• Where significant livelihood impacts appear in regards of permanent or temporary land
take (e.g., towers, areas dedicated to construction).
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7. Institutional Arrangements
7.1 Introduction
The Georgian State Electrosystem (GSE) is the implementing agency (IA) for the Project. GSE is
responsible for OHL construction as well as land acquisition and resettlement of the PAPs.
GSE is assisted by a number of other government departments and private agencies in the design,
construction and operation of the Project. Pursuant to the active legislation, the National Agency
of Public Registry (NAPR) within the Ministry of Justice is in charge of the recognition of
ownership rights of rightful owners and registration of ownership rights. The local NAPRs are
also responsible for registration of ownership rights to land plots the GSE acquires from
landowners on the basis of relevant sales agreements. The local governments at municipal levels
are involved in the legalization of land plots, land acquisition and resettlement. The Ministry of
Environmental and Natural Resources Protection is responsible for environmental issues.
Various features/sections of the OHL Project are located in the following municipalities:
Tsalenjikha, Martvili, Khoni, Tskhaltubo. All corresponding Sakrebulo, Mayors Territorial
Registration Offices will be involved in LAR. Local Sakrebulos and Representative of mayor in
villages are involved for local level LAR activities.
7.2 Land Registration Organizations
The National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR) plays an important role both, in developing and
realizing the resettlement action plan. At the stage of developing the resettlement action plan,
when the land owners/users are identified and their property rights are specified, the documents
proving the property are to be obtained. Some of these documents (books of homesteads and the
like) were kept with the archives in the past. At present, the regional archives are at the disposal
of the territorial registration offices of the National Agency of Public Registry. The materials
preserved with the archives of the territorial registration offices are an important source for the
owners who have to legalize their rights to property, but have no full supporting documentation
at hand, to obtain the documents proving their land property rights. The role of the National
Agency of Public Registry in realizing the resettlement action plan is even more important, as
under the Law of Georgia ―On Public Registry, the National Agency of Public Registry is the
registering body discharging the public and legal authorization set forth by the law, which
registers the property right of the lands of the affected persons (PAPs) (termed as the Primary
registration’ as per the resettlement action plan terminology) and registering the legal act of
transferring the property right from the owner to the state (‘Secondary registration’).
7.3 Village and Self-governing Unit
The self-governing unit is the executive branch of self-government headed by Representative of
Mayor. The representative of mayor has the primary role in the process of legalization and
registration of land plots. Representative of mayor confirms ownership of affected land plots,
parameters of land plots and endorses the cadastral maps and related data prepared for case of
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legalization16. Representative of mayor plays important role for legalization of non-rightful owners
(owners in possession before the enactment of current law on privatization of land in Georgia
without prior permission of the government). Self-governing unit has power to authorize17 details
of the occupied land plot and verify its usage pattern as the first-hand verification and authorization
for further consideration in the Property Rights Registration Commission (PRRC) as a basic step for
registration with the Public Registry.
7.4 Sakrebulo
Sakrebulo is the representative branch of self-government at municipal and village level. The
village/municipal level of Sakrebulo has now less involvement in the process of legalization of
legalizable land plots.
7.5 Property Rights Recognition Commission (PRRC)
Under the Law of Georgia on Recognition of the Property Ownership Rights Regarding the Land
Plots Owned (Used) by Physical Persons or Legal entities, PRRC verifies and authorizes
application of ownership for registration with the NAPR. PRRC authorizes application of only
those PAPs, who are not registered but have residential land or agricultural plots adjacent to the
residential land (non-rightful land owners, according to definition of Georgian regulations).
7.6 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Organizations
7.6.1 GSE – Georgian State Electrosystem
GSE has the overall responsibility of project design, land acquisition and resettlement,
construction, construction monitoring and supervision of the Jvari-Tskaltubo project. This also
includes financing and executing land acquisition and resettlement tasks and cross-agency
coordination. GSE will exercise its functions through its existing Resettlement Management
Team (RMT), which consists of representatives of Social Affairs and Environmental Division and
Legal Department of GSE. A Resettlement Management Team (RMT) having specific experience
and skills in land acquisition and resettlement (LAR), is responsible for LAR activities related
to the project. RMT is responsible for supervision of all technical work to accomplish RAP
preparation and implementation tasks and coordination within the GSE, as well as at central
and local government levels.
The specific tasks of the GSE RMT will be to (I) Prepare RAP following appropriate
procedures as per LARCF/RPF and send to WB for approval, (II) supervise preparation of RAP
for construction contracts and implement it after approval from donor IFI; (III) establish
land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) capacity at the regional level; (iv) ensure proper
internal monitoring; and (v) hire, following the donor IFI recommendation the RAP monitoring
16 Owners for legalization of their unregistered land plots, in normal procedure, use the services of private mapping
agencies and experts on payment for preparation of land details (maps and plot parameters). In case of this
project, the consultants have been assisting in preparing basic documents like maps and plot details.
17 This is not mandatory but one of the possible procedures for legalization of the non-rightful owners.
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consultant. RMT will also provide all necessary documentation to ensure the prompt allocation
of land acquisition and resettlement budgets to the PAPs and will maintain the coordination
of all land acquisition and resettlement related activities.
The GSE is responsible for ensuring that an independent agency/company for RAP preparation
is engaged to conduct any survey and documentation, including cadastral survey, PAPs census,
inventory of affected assets, assessment of losses, and valuation of land and assets for
replacement value. RAP will be updated based on findings of the surveys following the final
OHL RoW as per detailed engineering design.
Based on the GSE's decision and the values for land acquisition and easements, the offer of
purchase of land plots shall be undertaken. If PAP agrees on the acquisition, he/she will confirm
such agreement in writing by signing the Sales/Purchase Agreement that will be registered
with the Public Registry. This agreement will serve as the basis for compensation payment
processing and release. If agreement is not reached between the PAP and the GSE Resettlement
Management Team later will take decision to start expropriation.
7.6.2 Municipal LAR Organization
Municipal LAR Organization will be an informal group established through participation of
municipal and village authorities and PAPs in order to provide technical assistance to the GSE
in the preparation and implementation of the RAP. The assistance includes identification of the
affected landowners and users, obtaining data on ownership, relations with PAPs, settling
disputes in an informal way, ensuring unimpeded legalization of legalizable land plots, etc.
Municipal LAR Organization comprises the Municipal Team (at the municipal level) and LAR
Working Groups at the village level. The municipal level team is represented by the
Representative of mayor, representative of the local office of NAPR (National Agency of
Public Registry), and representatives of affected villages and Resettlement Management Team
(RMT) of the GSE. By instructions of the Municipal LAR Team, LAR Working Groups comprising
village representatives, RU representatives shall be established in each village. LAR Working
Groups shall assist the Consultant hired by the GSE in identification of PAPs and communication
with the local community. The staff of NARP local office and social service agency shall
collaborate with the LAR Working Groups assisting them in obtaining archive documents,
determining the social status of the PAPs and registration of their property. Based on the LARP
recommendations RMT of the GSE shall start negotiations with the PAPs on the purchase of
affected land plots and other assets in order to compensate their losses. In case of agreement
PAPs will sign contract, agreement indicating that they accept the compensation provided to
them and the contract shall be registered at NAPR. During the negotiations and property
registration the Resettlement Team of the GSE shall be assisted by LAR group (both working
groups and municipal team) members, including the representative of mayor in village, NAPR
local office staff, etc. A purchase agreement is the basis for compensation payment. If the
negotiation between a PAP and LAR team fails, the LAR team shall notify the GSE which will
start the expropriation process. At the same time LAR Team shall inform the PAPs about the
availability of grievance redress mechanism, which can be used for informal pre-litigation
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resolution of disputes.
7.7 Other Organizations and Agencies
7.7.1 Construction Contractor
A Construction Contractor will be responsible for mitigating impacts resulting from the
construction activities. Based on the RAP and the Technical Design, the plot of land that will be
identified and acquired as part of OHL ROW will be demarcated to clearly delineate it from the
remaining non-acquired parts. The construction activities shall be monitored closely by the GSE
and the implementation consultant to ensure compliance with the temporary mitigating measures.
7.7.2 Consultants and Auditors
The RAP consultant will be responsible for preparation and GSE for implementation of RAP. The
international RAP Consultant will support the National RAP Consultant and GSE in preparation and
implementation of RAP construction supervision consultant will be in place to supervise
construction.
(i) RAP Consultant: The RAP consultant has an international social development and
resettlement specialist and a national resettlement / social specialist for finalizing RAP for
each construction stage. The RAP consultant has a survey team for land acquisition and
resettlement survey and documentation including census, socioeconomic survey and
inventory of losses. RAP consultant has engaged the certified independent valuator for
valuation of land and assets for replacement value. Final RAP will be prepared based
on findings of the surveys following the final OHL routing as per detailed engineering
design.
(ii) International RAP Support Consultant: will oversee implementation of RAP and will
prepare reports before the construction start.
(iii) The Supervision consultant will oversee temporary or unforeseeable resettlement impacts
arising during the construction.
7.7.3 Court of Georgia
The Court of Georgia shall be the last step for issues and concerns regarding the implementation
of the RAP. In case there is no agreement between the GSE and the PAPs concerning the
acquisition of private properties, the GSE with the mandate for expropriation based on existing
legislations will submit to the Court a request for expropriation. The GSE will get the targeted
assets after obtaining the expropriation right and implementing respective procedures. Upon its
approval and following prescribed procedure, GSE will then take over the concerned property
after having been given by the Court the right of the Expropriator.
Furthermore, in cases where complaints and grievances regarding RAP implementation and
compensation are not solved at the various levels as prescribed in the agreed Grievance Redress
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Mechanism, the PAPs will have the right to appeal the case to the Court as a last step. Its decision
shall be final and executory.
7.7.4 Ministry of Finance
The budgets for the RAP implementation will be provided to GSE by the Ministry of Finance
following its official approval. The RAP budget will be allocated on the accounts of GSE (or its
fiscal agent) that is responsible for the financial management of the project.
7.7.5 Ministry of Justice
The Ministry of Justice is responsible for legal matters regarding land ownership, and National
Agency of Public Registry (NAPR) within the Ministry of Justice is in charge of the registration
of land ownership and its transfer through purchase agreement from landowners to the GSE, as
well as registration of the easement agreements.
7.7.6 Donor Organization World Bank
Besides financing and supervising the Project periodically, WB will review RAP and provide no-
objection to contract awards signing and initiation of construction under the Project.
An organization chart showing all the concerned institutions to be involved in the LAR activities
is depicted in Chart 1.
7.8 Capacity Building on LAR
Initial level of capacity building exercise in the relevant agencies was carried out during the
preparation of RAP at the feasibility study. Close consultations were held with all the
concerned departments. GSE has established Resettlement Management Team dealing with
land acquisition and resettlement. Training will be provided by the consultant’s resettlement
specialist to the officials on the requirements of WB ESS5 policy and how to develop a
balanced compensation package fulfilling the requirements of PAPs, Government, GSE, donor
IFIs. Capacity building training will also be initiated through a series of consultations and
informal training sessions in the local administration level. The representatives of GSE at
regional level are also responsible for the planning of LAR activities and for coordinating with
the municipal administration. Municipal level LAR Teams will be formed at each municipality that
will be responsible for LAR activities assisting the LARC of the GSE in the process of RAP
implementation.
In terms of capacity and manpower resources within Resettlement Team of the GSE, some
expansion of the capacity on LAR had been done to allow an effective execution of all LAR related
tasks for the project. The Social Affairs Division was established within GSE in 2019. Currently,
besides the head of the Division, there is one social safeguards specialist in the staff. The
Resettlement Team is assisted by two resettlement consultants – Social Safeguards Consultant and
Local Resettlement Consultant (LRC). Additional training for Resettlement Team staff and engaged
Consultants has been done in the framework of ESMS. Training was provided for capacity building
of executive agencies on involuntary resettlement. Training covered the following topics:
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(i) Principles and procedures of land acquisition (WB, EBRD and GOG);
(ii) Stakeholders of the project;
(iii) Organizations involved in the process of land acquisition and resettlement and their
roles;
(iv) Public consultation and participation process;
(v) Entitlements and compensation disbursement mechanisms;
(vi) Grievance redress;
(vii) Monitoring of resettlement operations.
Chart1
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8. Implementation schedule and the Steps of Resettlement Action
Plan
After preparing a detailed design the land take areas are defined by the RAP Consultant elected.
The identification of land take areas will be prioritized by the Design & Build Contractor based on
its construction schedule and methods. The RAP Consultant will plan its RAP preparation
schedule according to this information.
Information about the process and land registration according to the recent practice, the land
registration at an early stage has started in 2019 to reduce the first phase of RAP process.
The objective of the second phase is to provide initial information to the affected communities and
undertake the land registration of all land not registered in the transmission line corridor.
The RAP consultant, with the assistance of the MLARO will identify all land plots to be affected
by the Project (those in the lines Rights of Way, in the lines corridors and all land needed
permanently or for temporary purposes). GSE provides free registration of land plots to the
landowners of land plots not already registered that can be registered according to the legal
framework. After land registration is started/ongoing, the RAP Consultant will start the
preparation of the RAP.
The RAP Consultant conducted the census of affected persons and households, with the assistance
of the MLARO. The census listed all affected households’ members and their basic information
allowing them to determine their entitlements as well as their phone number.
The RAP Consultant also conducted a cadastral survey to identify affected registered and non-
registered land plots. A detailed measurement survey has been done for all land plots and
structures, regardless of their legal status. The asset inventory and detailed measurement survey
has been conducted by the RAP Consultant in presence of (i) the PAPs or their representative and
(ii) the head of Community representing the Municipal authorities.
Specific surveys on informal and/or customary rights of use in highlands areas
During the RAP preparation, additional attention was paid to address the specificities of the local
land tenure practices and of the informal grazing rights, the RAP included a survey to identify
customary or informal rights of the affected people to the seasonal activities in the affected areas.
The survey results showed that the representatives of local municipalities confirmed that the
affected people are not dependent on the informal collective or customary rights of use on the
affected areas. Therefore, individual and/or collective livelihood restoration activities are not
applied.
Valuation of affected assets
After the completion of the inventory and detailed measurement surveys, the full replacement
cost of affected assets and lands was evaluated. This was done by the independent accredited
valuator, following the methodologies described in Chapter 5.
Assessment of impacts and need for additional livelihood restoration measures.
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After collection of information on the PAP and their losses, the RAP Consultant assessed the
impacts of physical and economic displacement, gender specific issues, the vulnerability status,
severely affected households.
Gender considerations
Women have important economic roles in the project area and engage in a wide range of income
generating activities in the agricultural and other sectors. The project will pay particular attention
to ensure that women are the recipients of compensation that is relevant and at least proportional
to their activities and ensure that women who are de facto household heads are clearly listed as
beneficiaries of compensation and assistance. Beyond considering women-headed households as
vulnerable, the means to accomplish this include:
• Including women in the inventory team as impact enumerators
• In the process of constructing profiles of affected people and households,
disaggregating groups and families by gender to pinpoint how many women are
likely to be affected and identified as heads of households. (See the detailed info
in chapter 2.10)
• Women in consultations and as survey respondents.
• Where joint ownership title is held (e.g., by husband and wife), deliver
compensation to both owners or ensure the written agreement of one owner to
transfer compensation to the other
• Ensuring that monitoring of resettlement is attentive to women’s issues and
whether additional measures are required to ensure the objectives of the program
are met for affected women.
Consultation with PAPs about the compensations
The disclosure of information and consultation with the PAP during the RAP preparation was
conducted. The RAP Consultant organized a meeting to announce general compensation rates.
Focus group meetings were conducted with the vulnerable groups to ensure appropriate
consultation. The results of the Public Consultations already held is provided in annex 1. Base of
this consultations some provisions were explained in entitlement matrix developed for this RAP.
Resettlement Action Plan preparation and disclosure
The draft RAP was prepared by the Local RAP Consultant. This draft RAP documents all the steps
conducted to date and was submitted to the GSE, and to the WB. After approval by the GSE and
the Lenders, the final RAP will be disclosed on GSE website and on the Lenders’ websites. Hard
copies of the draft RAP will also be available in the Municipality Town hall.
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RAP implementation
Signing and documentation of Compensation Agreements
After the time given to the PAPs to consider the compensation offer, the RMT will proceed to the
signature of the compensation agreement with the affected persons. The timing for payment will
be indicated in the agreement. If the PAPs refuse the compensation offer, then the expropriation
process will be initiated.
Payment of compensation and relocation notice
Compensation will be paid prior to acquisition of land or possession of assets. Payment of
compensation will be made by GSE by bank transfer to the PAPs in his or her bank account.
Relocation notices will be given to the PAP by the RMT at the time of payment.
Resettlement and livelihood restoration
Once all compensation has been paid, the PAP will be resettled. The PAP will have the
authorization to salvage their structures’ materials. Livelihood restoration measures will be applied
if new circumstances or needs appear.
Start of construction works.
On each working site, the work will not be initiated before PAPs have been compensated,
relocated and permission given to the Design & Build Contractor by the RMT.
Completion report
After payment of compensations, an External and Internal Monitoring Consultant appointed by
GSE will undertake an assessment of if the objectives of the RAP have been achieved and produce
a close out audit/completion report. The internal monitoring will be conducted by GSE during the
RAP implementation and presented to Lenders in quarterly reports, also relevant evaluation will
be prepared as a completion report, which will be submitted to the Lenders.
The duration of the entire project covers a period of 2 years, out of which 8 months is allocated
for the preparation and implementation of RAP. The construction works are planned to start in
August 2023. Table 8.1 describes the main steps of RAP implementation.
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Table 8.1 RAP Preparation and Implementation Process
Steps Actions Responsibilities
Phase 1: Planification of the land take
Preparation of the preliminary design to
1 avoid/minimize physical and economic Design Consultant
displacement
Selection of providers for the development and
2 GSE
implementation of the phase 1 of RAP
Definition of the Land take schedule,
GSE Resettlement Management Team,
3 coordination between RAP consultant and Design
Design Contractor, RAP consultant
Consultant
Phase 2: Information about the process and Land registration
Initial information about the Project at the
4 RAP Consultant; GSE
Municipality and Community levels
> Establishment and training of Municipal LAR
Offices and Community level working groups. > GSE Resettlement Management Team
5 > Training and capacity building of the Municipal
LAR Offices and Community level working > RAP Consultant
groups.
Establishment of the local level Grievance Redress GSE Resettlement Management Team
6
Mechanism (GRM) and RAP Consultant
RAP consultant, MLARO team, Property
Registration of land not already registered in the Right Recognition Committee and the
7
line corridor. National Agency for Property
Registration.
Phase 3: RAP preparation
> GSE Resettlement Management Team +
> Definition of cut-off date
RAP Consultant
8 >Information and communication about the
> RAP Consultant + Municipal LAR
Project – announcement of cut-off date
Offices
9 Census and asset inventory RAP consultant / MLARO team
10 Socioeconomic survey RAP consultant
Specific surveys on informal and/or customary
11 RAP consultant
rights of use in highlands areas
RAP consultant + accredited independent
12 Valuation of affected assets
valuator
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Steps Actions Responsibilities
Assessment of impacts and of need for additional
13 RAP consultant
livelihood restoration measures
14 Consultation with PAPs about the compensations RAP consultant
> Draft Resettlement Action Plan preparation > RAP consultant
15 > RAP approval > GSE, Lenders
> Final RAP disclosure > GSE, Lenders
Phase 4: RAP Implementation
Signing and documentation of Compensation
16 RAP consultant/MLARO team
Agreements
17 Payment of compensation and relocation notice GSE Resettlement Management Team
Affected persons / Livelihood restoration
Relocation of Affected Structures/Assets and
18 consultants (hired by GSE, see Section
livelihood restoration
9.2)
19 Start of construction works GSE Resettlement Management Team
External Monitoring consultant (hired by
20 Completion report
GSE)
Circumstances arising during the implementation stage may require an increase in the time
allocated for each activity. Such circumstances may include delays in detailed design, time
required to resolve complaints, seasonal factors, social and economic problems, support staff
training and financial issues. The implementation schedule will be constantly updated.
The activities in the schedule below are divided into three main parts. The individual activities of
project preparation, implementation and monitoring and evaluation are described in RAP
schedule Table 8.2
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Table 8.2 – RAP Schedule
202
2023
Activity 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
A Preparation of RAP
Description and socio-economic
1
plan
Valuation of land, buildings and
2
crops
Preparation of eligibility matrix
3
for compensation
4 Public consultations
Completion of the RAP
5
preparation
6 Submission of RAP
7 Approval of RAP by Lender
8 Disclosure of Final RAP
B Implementation of RAP
9 Legalization of land
10 Updating the RAP if necessary
11 Addressing complaints
12 Payment of compensations
13 Construction
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9. Public Consultation, Engagement and Disclosure
9.1 Introduction
Consultation and participation are a process through which stakeholders impact and share
control over development initiatives, and the decisions and resources that affect them. It is a two-
way process where the executing agencies, policy makers, beneficiaries and PAP discuss and
share their concerns in a project process. Consultation and participation have been a major
principle in the planning and preparation of the detailed design of the Project. Lenders
involuntary resettlement policy requires that a high priority has to be given to public
consultation and participation to enhance the community voice and assure incorporation of
community’s views in design and implementation of a socially and environmentally compliant
project.
The focus of these consultations are to ensure that the PAPs and other stakeholders are informed,
educated, consulted and allowed to participate actively in the process of road development and
preparation of social and resettlement plan; reducing public resistance to change; helping
mitigate and minimize any probable negative impact and bringing in the benefit of the project to
the people. The project design and preparation of land acquisition and resettlement plans,
therefore, attempted consultation and participation of the PAPs and communities to incorporate
their views, needs and aspirations into the Project components. The consultation process has
started at an early stage of design preparation and will be continued through public consultation
meetings and individual contacts during land acquisition and resettlement surveys in January -
March 2023.
9.2 Consultation Process and Methodology
The public consultation process entailed clearly explaining the project and its impacts to the
community through introducing the project and its impacts through leaflets in local language,
clearly explaining to the communities in informal and formal consultation meetings and individual
level discussion during the census and detailed measurement surveys of land and propert.
Specifically, for this RAP the PAPs were consulted through individual contact during the census
survey at the basic stage, all likely PAP persons were consulted through community level
meetings and through individual contact at the time of census, socioeconomic survey and detail
measurement survey.
9.3 Consultation meetings with the PAPs during RAP Preparation
Consultation Process is completed: meetings in all affected municipalities have been carried
out and information leaflets distributed. The MoM of these consultations prepared by the RAP
consultant are provided annex 1.
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9.4 Consultation and Participation Plan
RMT on behalf of GSE pursues information disclosure for effective implementation and timely
execution of RAP. Village level consultations with PAPs will be conducted during the
implementation process. For the benefit of the community in general and PAPs in particular,
RAP will be made available in concerned offices at municipality. An information leaflet (in
Georgian) was distributed among the PAPs and their community. A copy of the English version
of RAP Leaflet is attached in Annex 2.
For continued consultations, the following steps are envisaged in the project:
(i) Final RAP will be disclosed upon receiving approval from the WB;
(ii) GSE will conduct public meetings and will apprise the communities about the progress
in the implementation of resettlement, and social activities; GSE will be supported by the
local community leaders to encourage the participation of the PAPs in RAP
implementation;
(iii) GSE through its RMT will organize public meetings to inform the respective
communities about the compensation and assistance to be paid. Regular update of the
progress of the resettlement component of the project will be placed for public
display at the local level GSE office and at local Municipal Office;
(iv) All monitoring and evaluation reports of RAP component of the project will be
disclosed to the community;
(v) Attempts will be made to ensure that vulnerable groups understand the process and
to take their specific needs into account;
(vi) All PAPs should be provided a contact information of the person from local
municipality/GSE who will provide feedback on all the issues concerning the project.
9.5 Disclosure of information
Electronic version of the Final RAP will be placed on GSE web-site in both English and Georgian.
The summary of the RAP will be translated into local language (Georgian) and will be disclosed to
PAPs at local level. The copy of the RAP (Georgian version) will be available at the concerned
offices of affected Municipality. Hard and soft copies of RAP will be delivered to municipalities.
After the adoption of the of the RAP, GSE representatives will disclose the unit rates publicly
during the public meetings.
10. Grievance Redress Mechanism
10.1 Introduction
The Grievance Resolution Mechanism (GRM) addresses grievances in an efficient, timely and cost-
effective manner, that arise as a result of the Project, either the result of actions by GSE or the
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Contractor employed by GSE, from affected communities and external stakeholders. GSE is
responsible for managing the GRM, but many of the grievances on the Project will likely relate to
the actions of the Contractor and likewise will need to be resolved by the Contractor. GSE will
administer the GRM process deciding whether they or the Contractor is responsible and determine
the best course of action to redress the compliant. GSE with the support of the implementation
consultant will monitor the contractor if the grievance is redressed accordingly.
Typical grievances for transmission line projects include those related to:
• Land acquisition and physical displacement;
• Construction damages;
• Environmental impact;
• Indirect social impacts.
10.1.2 Grievance process
The two-tiered grievance resolution process involves the following main steps:
(I) receipt of complaints;
(II) screening for standing;
(III) Grievance Resolution Committee (first tier) and;
(IV) GSE Grievance Redress Commission (GRC) (second tier);
(V) Closure of grievances; and
(VI) Grievance records and documentation.
10.1.2.1 Receipt of complaints
Anyone from the affected communities or anyone believing they are affected by the Project can
raise a grievance:
• By completing a written grievance registration form that will be available (I) in the
administrative office of the local municipalities and in the affected villages and by local CLOs
(Community Liaison Officers) (i.e.) those within proximity of construction activities), (II) at
the entrance of each construction site, (III) on the GSE’s website and (IV) at the Project’s
headquarters in Tbilisi. An example of a grievance registration form is provided in Appendix.
The Project’s Community Liaison Officer of each Municipality will review these registers
complaints.
• By contacting the GSE Community Liaison Officer, GSE Head of Social Affairs Division, or the
environmental coordinator and community relationships managers of the Contractor, either
by phone, or in person. Grievances received verbally will be written down by the Community
Liaison Officer on the grievance registration form and logged into the Grievance Register. A
copy of the logged grievance will be forwarded to the complainant, giving them the
opportunity to alert GSE if the grievance has not been noted down correctly.
The Community Liaison Officers will explain the possibilities and ways to raise a grievance to local
communities or GSE Head of Social Affairs Division during meetings organised in each affected
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area at the time of disclosure. The GRM will be disclosed through the GSE’s website18. Information
material on the GRM will also be made available at the Municipalities City halls.
All grievances will be registered, reported and tracked by GSE in the Grievance Register by special
person responsible for grievances redressing and logging. Once a grievance is logged, the related
event(s) that caused the grievance will be tracked to prevent similar grievances (if the local
community have similar grievances such as, effect of electromagnetic field, unit rates etc. the
additional public consultation meetings with relevant explanations will be conducted). The status
number and trends of grievances will be discussed between GSE, the Contractor and the
Implementation Consultant during E&S meetings at the construction phase.
10.1.2.2 Screening for Grievances
The resolution of grievances of all types will follow the same steps, but the stakeholders involved
will depend on the nature of the complaint. All grievances will be handled through the system
described hereafter, involving respectively GSE, the Contractor's grievance resolution
representative. Complaints related to resettlement (land take and its consequences) will also
involve Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) consultant in the resolution of grievances related to land
acquisition and resettlement.
Grievance information will be recorded in a grievance log by GSEs staff member, who is
responsible for grievance logging and management. The following information will be recorded:
(¡) Name and contact details, (II) Nature of the grievance and how and when it was submitted,
acknowledged, responded to and closed out. All grievances will be acknowledged by GSE within
10 days (Acknowledgement letter will be prepared by GSE’s appropriate manager and send to
PAP); and responded (response letter will be prepared by GSE’s appropriate manager and send to
PAP) to PAP no later than 30 days. Once a grievance is logged, the related event(s) that caused the
grievance will be tracked to ensure proper close-out of the grievance and prevent similar
grievances.
If the grievance is deemed as ineligible, the GSE Community Liaison Officer will record the reason
and document that the complainant has been informed of this decision and the basis for this is
explained. Ineligible cases will generally be those that GSE are confident have not occurred as a
result of GSE or the Contractor’s actions. If the complainant is not satisfied with this outcome,
they can pursue further action by submitting their case to the appropriate court of law.
GSE will determine whether the resolution of the grievance is the responsibility of the Contractor,
GSE or ESIA, RAP preparation Consultant. If the grievance is the responsibility of the Contractor
or the ESIA, RAP Preparation Consultant, GSE shall review, comment and approve any corrective
actions. After logging the grievance, the GSE Permissions Department Manager will inform the
complainant in writing within 10 days.
Grievance resolution is a two-stage process, including:
Stage 1 – informal (oral) review of the PAP’s complaint (whether written or oral). At this stage
the PAP’s complaint is reviewed in an informal (oral) way and the Committee make and sign the
18 https://www.gse.com.ge/projects/Grievance-Redress-Mechanism
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minutes on the matter. If at Stage 1 the PAP’s complaint is not resolved the PAP is informed
about grievance resolution procedures of Stage 2. An PAP has the right to use the procedures of
Stage 2 without applying to Stage 1 procedures. Timeframe for resolving the stage 1 grievance is
10 days. The GRC shall gather as per necessity (but at least once a month) and shall include eight
members.
Stage 2 –If PAP’s complaint is not resolved at stage 1 by local committee, it will be presented to
Grievance Redress Commission (GRC), GRC reviews the written complaints of PAPs, which
were not satisfied at Stage 1.
Grievance redress procedure of Stage 1 is an informal tool of dispute resolution allowing PAPs
and the project implementation team to resolve the disagreement without any formal procedures,
procrastination and impediments. The international experience of different projects shows that
such informal grievance redress mechanism helps to solve most of the complaints without formal
procedures (i.e., without using the procedures specified in the Administrative Code or litigation).
This mechanism enables unimpeded implementation of the Project and timely satisfaction of
complaints. If the PAP is not satisfied, the grievance redress mechanism should assist him/her in
lodging an official complaint in accordance with the procedures of Stage 2 (the plaintiff should
be informed of his/her rights and obligations, rules and procedures of making a complaint, format
of complaint, terms of complaint submission, etc.).
The grievance redress mechanism deals with the issues of land and other assets acquisition (e.g.
amount of compensation, suitability of residual land plots, loss of access roads, etc.) as well as the
losses and damages caused by the construction works, any direct or indirect environmental and
social impacts. Therefore, the grievance redress mechanism has to be in place by the time the
GSE started preparation of RAP, ESIA and shall function until the completion of the construction.
At the relevant document’s preparation stage during the consultations meetings and
negotiations the PAPs have to be fully informed of the grievance redress mechanism, its
functions, procedures, contact persons and rules of making complaints through oral information
and booklets. Care is always taken to prevent grievances rather than going through Stage 2.
The achievement of this goal can be ensured through active participation of PAPs, effective
consultations, proper communication and coordination among local communities, GSE and local
authorities.
Tier 1: Grievance Resolution Committee
A local Grievance Resolution Committee (GRC) will be established in Municipality, with an
office in the municipal building. Once a grievance has been logged, the corresponding local GRC
will be engaged to define a solution to solve the grievance. The composition of each GRC is
described in below. Special provisions will be made for any complaints of a confidential nature.
Composition of the local grievance resolution committee
1) Georgian State Electrosystem (GSE) representative as a committee coordinator;
2) Regional/municipal representative as a committee member;
3) Representative of a Project Affected People (PAP) as a committee member;
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4) Woman – representative of the Project Affected Household (PAH) as a committee member;
5) Representative of local non-government organization (NGO) taking into account the
grievance character – as a committee member;
6) Local specialist of social and environmental safeguards from the Supervision Consultant –
as a committee member;
7) Local specialist of social and environmental safeguards from the Construction Company –
as a committee member.
The GSE Head of Social Affair Division will act as secretary of the GRC (creation, coordination,
and documentation). Members of the GRC will be invited by them in accordance with the types
of complaints to be addressed. The meeting will by the review of all PAP complaints received and
to propose a solution to all grievances within the past one or two weeks. Then, the GRC will
welcome the complainants whose complaint had been reviewed during the previous meeting to
discuss the proposed solution.
For each complaint, the GRC will determine whether additional investigations are warranted. If
so, the additional information will be collected before the GRC meeting with the PAP complainant
and will be provided to the PAP before the meeting. The GRC will then inform the PAP about the
date, time and place of its review meeting, and invite the PAP accordingly.
The GRC will receive the complainant and discuss with them a solution to their grievance. The
committee shall draw up and sign the minutes of their discussion on the matter. If the complaint
is satisfactorily resolved, the PAP will also sign the minutes in acknowledgement of the agreement.
In cases where the project has agreed to put in place additional measures, these will be specified,
with a timetable for delivery, in the minutes of the meeting.
Tier 2: GSE Resolution at Central Level
If any aggrieved PAP is unsatisfied with the GRC decision, the next step will be to lodge the
grievance with GSE at the central level. The GRC should assist him/her in lodging an official
complaint. GSE shall then review the complaint at the grievance resolution commission. The
complainant shall be informed of the decision within a maximum of 30 days.
The complainant shall be informed in writing of GSE’s decision. If GSE’s decision fails to satisfy
the aggrieved affected persons, they can pursue further action by submitting their case to the
appropriate court of law.
Composition of the Grievance Redress Commission (grc) at GSE Level
1. General Director of Georgian State Electrosystem (GSE) as a Head of Commission;
2. First Deputy Director General / Member of the Board of Directors / Director of Project
Management;
3. Member of the Board of Directors / Director of Legal, Environmental, Social Affairs and
Permits;
4. Member of the of Directors/ Director of Financial Affairs;
5. Member of the Board of Directors / Director of Technical Affairs;
6. Member of the Board of Directors / Director of Procurement and Logistics;
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7. Deputy Head of Legal and GNERC Relations Department;
8. Head of the of Environmental, Social and Permits Department;
9. Deputy Head of the of Environmental, Social and Permits Department;
10. Head of Operations and Maintenance Department;
11. Head of Construction and Repairs Department;
12. Deputy Head of International Projects and Reporting Department (Member-Secretary of
the Commission);
13. Head of International Project Planning and Technical Supervision Department;
14. Head of Internal Audit Department;
15. Head of Energy Policy and Investment Projects Department of Ministry of Economy and
Sustainable Development of Georgia.
Closure of Grievances
A grievance will be considered “resolved” or “closed” when a resolution satisfactory to both parties
has been reached, and after corrective measures has been successfully implemented. When a
proposed solution is agreed between the Project and the complainant, the time needed to
implement it will depend on the nature of the solution. However, the actions to implement this
solution will be undertaken within one month of the grievance being logged and will be tracked
until completion. Once the solution is being implemented or is implemented to the satisfaction of
the complainant, a complaint closes out form will be signed by both parties (GSE Environmental
and Social Manager and the complainant), stating that the complainant considers that its complaint
is closed. This form will be archived in the Project Grievance database.
In certain situations, however, the Project may “close” a grievance even if the complainant is not
satisfied with the outcome. This could be the case, for example, if the complainant is unable to
substantiate a grievance, or it is obviously speculative or fraudulent. In such situations, the
Project’s efforts to investigate the complaint and to arrive at a conclusion will be well documented
and the complainant advised of the situation. GSE will not dismiss grievances based on a cursory
review and close them in their grievance record unless the complainant has been notified and had
the opportunity to provide supplementary information or evidence.
Grievance Records and Documentation
The GSE Grievance Redress Specialist will manage a database to keep a record of all complaints
recorded. The database will contain the name of the individual or organization lodging a grievance;
the date and nature of the complaint; any follow-up actions taken; the solutions and corrective
actions implemented by the Contractor or other relevant party; the final result; and how and when
this decision was communicated to the complainant.
Supervisor and construction companies with monthly reports will provide information on
grievance management. Monitoring and reporting and in the six-monthly and annual public
reports.
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Company Contacts Information
The point of contact regarding the management of grievances by the Project and the local
stakeholder engagement activities is GSE Environmental and Social Manager:
Description Contact details
Company: Georgian State Electrosystem (GSE)
To: GSE General Director
Address: 2 Baratashvili street, Tbilisi 0105, Georgia
E-mail: info@gse.com.ge
Website: www.gse.com.ge
Telephone: +995 555 111 444
Information on the Project and future engagement programmes will available on the GSE’s
website, and will be posted on information boards in key villages in the Project area. Information
can also be obtained from the Community Liaison Officers.
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11. Cost and Financing
11.1 Financing
All RAP preparation and implementation costs, including cost of compensation and RAP
administration, will be considered an integral part of Project cost and will be contributed as a
counterpart fund by the Georgia Government, in particular GSE. Each RAP will include a budget
section indicating (i) unit compensation rates for all affected items and allowances, (ii)
methodology followed for the computation of unit compensation rates, and (iii) a cost table for all
compensation expenses including administrative costs and contingencies (20%). Items of LAR cost
estimate under the RAP are as follows:
• Compensation for land at replacement value
• Easement payments for imposed limitation on land use (prohibition of planting trees or
construction of buildings within the ROW)
• Compensation for structures and buildings at replacement cost
• Compensation for crops and trees
• Assistance for severely affected PAHs
• Assistance for vulnerable groups for livelihood restoration
• Cost for implementation of RAP.
Being the project owner, GSE is responsible for the timely allocation of the funds needed to
implement the RAPs. As per the RAP finances flow the budget for compensation and
rehabilitation will be directly disbursed by GSE to the AP.
11.2 Compensation for Land
Compensation and easement value for land has been derived based on the feedback from the
project affected people and from the independent evaluator. The costs for various categories of
land loss are given in Table 11.1.
Table 11.1 Compensation for permanently impacted land
Compensation value of 1
Permanent impact of Total value of
sq.m. plot of land - for the
land (plot for purchase) affected Plot
foundation of the towers
Area
Types of land use GEL GEL
(sq.m.)
Type 1 3443 10.45 35 979
Type 2 1426 3.05 4349
Type 3 1633 4.10 6695
Type 4 361 2.0 722
Type 5 1072 3.20 3430
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Table 11.2 Compensation for partially affected land
Compensation
Compensation Total value of
Total value value of 1
Partial value of 1 square affected land
of affected square meter
Impact meter plot of land (assuming 20%
land including 20%
- easement income)
income
Types of Area
land use GEL GEL GEL GEL
(sq.m.)
Type 1 250 934 5.25 1 317 403 6.5625 1 646 754
Type 2 112 052 1.50 168 078 1.875 210 097
Type 3 90 257 2.05 185 026 2.5625 231 283
Type 4 2 716 1.0 2 716 1.20 3395
Type 5 86 916 1.60 139 065 2 173 832
Total 1 812 290
542 875 2 265 362
11.3 Compensation of Buildings
Compensation of structures is based on the current market price of materials, transportation and
construction works needed for construction of similar structure-buildings. Condition of bearing
structures, roof, materials, sanitation, water and power supply, external lighting systems are
considered. Provided costs include expenses on relocation of the movable facilities. The cost approach
is used to determine the compensation which ensures that calculated amount is sufficient for
constructing the exact kind of property.
Table 11.3: Compensation for buildings and structures
Compensation for
N Type of Structure N of Affected Land Plot
structure
1 Fences 95 78 873
2 Auxilary 6 35 045
3 Structures 8 20 355
134 273
Total 9519
11.4 Compensation of Crops
Crop compensation will be provided to all affected persons at the full market rate. Details of crop
compensation are given in Table 11.4
Table 11.4 Compensation of agricultural crops
19 Without double counting
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Compensation
Type of Total
Number of for harvest per
agricultural Area (sq.m. compensation
plots 1 sq.m.
culture (GEL)
GEL/sq.m.)
Corn 67 0.8 100 724 80 579
Pumpkin 67 5 46 760 233 800
Bean 67 0.5 46 765 23 383
Soy 24 0.9 7214 6 493
Oats 2 0.35 1 088 381
Hay 79 0.3 122 156 36 647
Total 146 324 707 381 282
11.5 Compensation for Trees
The non-productive young fruit trees will be compensated at the price of seedling. Productive trees
will be compensated at aggregated cost of seedling price and fruit income calculated based on
productivity of productive tree and compensation years needed to grow up the same age tree from
the seedling of age starting productivity. 5 213 trees (belonging to 71 households) are affected by the
project, valued at 719 500 GEL and tea at 10 090 GEL. Tables with the calculation of trees costs are
given in Table 11.5 below.
Table 11.5: Compensation of Trees
Sub total
N in the Sub total in
Compensation N in the protection in cut protection
Tree Age for a tree cut zone zone zone zone Total
1 2 9 10 11 12 13 14
seedling
Cherry (<5) 35 3 9 105 315 420
5-10 75 19 22 1425 1650 3075
10-20 150 16 25 2400 3750 6150
20+ 115 3 2 345 230 575
seedling
Grape (<5) 12 0 0 0 0 0
5-10 35 3 0 105 0 105
10-20 55 6 1 330 55 385
20+ 48 0 0 0 0 0
seedling
walnut (<5) 80 1 1 80 80 160
5-10 535 10 48 5350 25680 31030
10-20 1235 28 25 34580 30875 65455
20+ 1510 55 65 83050 98150 181200
seedling
(<5) 15 0 7 0 105 105
qvince 5-10 80 0 0 0 0 0
10-20 160 3 0 480 0 480
20+ 110 1 2 110 220 330
seedling
(<5) 25 4 4 100 100 200
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Pear 5-10 120 2 3 240 360 600
10-20 415 3 17 1245 7055 8300
20+ 270 1 0 270 0 270
seedling
(<5) 25 1 0 25 0 25
Plump 5-10 45 0 0 0 0 0
10-20 90 0 0 0 0 0
20+ 60 0 0 0 0 0
seedling
(<5) 25 1 0 25 0 25
Mulberry 5-10 50 25 26 1250 1300 2550
10-20 90 51 85 4590 7650 12240
20+ 70 7 7 490 490 980
seedling
(<5) 30 86 152 2580 4560 7140
Hazelnut 5-10 55 37 89 2035 4895 6930
10-20 90 1003 1906 90270 171540 261810
20+ 75 2 0 150 0 150
seedling
(<5) 40 1 4 40 160 200
wild plum 5-10 130 32 37 4160 4810 8970
10-20 255 25 41 6375 10455 16830
20+ 200 2 2 400 400 800
seedling
(<5) 20 54 0 1080 0 1080
Persimmon 5-10 44 66 89 2904 3916 6820
10-20 128 65 81 8320 10368 18688
20+ 86 0 6 0 516 516
seedling
(<5) 20 5 26 100 520 620
Apple 5-10 110 4 23 440 2530 2970
10-20 295 16 23 4720 6785 11505
20+ 170 2 0 340 0 340
seedling
(<5) 3 0 0 0 0 0
Laurel 5-10 10 0 0 0 0 0
10-20 20 0 1 0 20 20
20+ 28 0 0 0 0 0
seedling
(<5) 25 0 4 0 100 100
Fig 5-10 65 4 5 260 325 585
10-20 190 8 34 1520 6460 7980
20+ 130 2 4 260 520 780
seedling
(<5) 5 0 0 0 0 0
Laurocerasus 5-10 8 0 2 0 16 16
10-20 16 0 0 0 0 0
20+ 12 0 0 0 0 0
seedling
(<5) 12 0 0 0 0 0
Staphylea 5-10 50 4 17 200 850 1050
10-20 70 0 0 0 0 0
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20+ 60 0 0 0 0 0
seedling
(<5) 25 0 0 0 0 0
Apricot 5-10 105 0 0 0 0 0
10-20 180 0 1 0 180 180
20+ 140 0 0 0 0 0
seedling
(<5) 20 0 0 0 0 0
Mespilus 5-10 70 0 1 0 70 70
10-20 130 0 1 0 130 130
20+ 100 1 0 100 0 100
seedling
(<5) 25 0 0 0 0 0
Eriobotrya
japonica 5-10 90 0 1 0 90 90
10-20 170 0 0 0 0 0
20+ 140 0 0 0 0 0
seedling
(<5) 24 0 0 0
Blueberry 5-10 50 194 401 9700 20050 29750
10-20 130 0 0 0 0 0
20+ 100 0 0 0 0 0
seedling
(<5) 110 0 0 0 0 0
Chestnut 5-10 350 0 4 0 1400 1400
10-20 1050 1 9 1050 9450 10500
20+ 1150 1 0 1150 0 1150
seedling
(<5) 35 1 0 35 0 35
Pomegranate 5-10 85 1 0 85 0 85
10-20 250 11 3 2750 750 3500
20+ 170 0 0 0 0 0
seedling
(<5) 35 0 0 0 0 0
Avocado 5-10 400 0 0 0 0 0
10-20 800 1 0 800 0 800
20+ 500 0 0 0 0 0
seedling
(<5) 5 0 0 0 0 0
Boxwood 5-10 50 0 0 0 0 0
10-20 150 0 0 0 0 0
20+ 200 0 3 0 600 600
nergi
(<5) 10 0 0 0 0 0
Aleurites 5-10 25 15 7 375 175 550
10-20 65 0 0 0 0 0
Tea 1 sq.m. 1 10090 10090 10090
1887 3326 288884 440706 729590
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11.6 Impact on Business and Employment
None of the businesses are affected by the project.
11.7 Allowance
Based on available data, the subsistence minimum for a family of five has been consistently calculated
at 2.25 times the amount of a subsistence minimum for an average consumer. Given this, the updated
allowance unit rate per month using updated Geostat data as of March 2023, is 223,1*2,25=501.966
GEL per month; 1505.9 GEL for 3 months, 3011,8 GEL for 6 months, and 6 23.6 for 12 months.
There are two type of allowances being provided to the PAHs. These are: (i) Severe Impact
Allowance, and (ii) Allowance for vulnerable groups, (iii) Relocation Allowance is not applicable for
this RAP. Following are the description of each category of unit rates proposed for various
allowances.
The allowance for vulnerable PAHs is three months of subsistence minimum for an average consumer
at the unit rate for three months as per 1505,9 Gel. Total allowances for 27 vulnerable PAHs are equal
to 40659.3 GEL.
4 PAHs are considered to be severely affected due to loss of 10% and more than 10% of their
productive agricultural land. No one of PAHs is losing their jobs and related incomes.
Relocation allowance covering transport expenses and livelihood expenses for the transitional period
for 3 months is equal to 3 months subsistence minimum for an average consumer. 200 GEL as vehicle
hire charge + 1505,9 Gel = 1705,9 GEL per PAH..
Detailed information on different types of assistance is provided in Table 11.6.
Table 11.6: Allowances
N Unit Unit price (GEL) Quantity Amount (GEL)
1 Severe impact of PAH 1505,9 4 6023.6
2 Vulnerable households 1505,9 27 40659.3
3 Physical displacement 0 0 0
Total compensation 31 46682.9
11.8 Administrative Costs
GSE will need to employ one independent monitoring consultant for external monitoring of RAP
implementation for a period of 12 months. Miscellaneous expenses have been kept as a provision to
cover the administrative cost as may be incurred during implementation of the RAP. Details of the
RAP implementation management cost is given in Table 11.7
Table 11.8 Administrative costs
N Unit Period Quantity Unit price Amount
(GEL)
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1 External monitoring of RAP Month 12 2000 24000
Miscellaneous administrative 6000
2 Month 12 500
expenses
Total compensation 30000
11.9. RAP Cost and Cash Flows
The total cost calculated for the implementation of this RAP equals 4 669 000 GEL (USD 1 680 454).
The summary LAR cost estimate is given in Table 11.8.
Table 11.9: RAP Cost and cash Flows
N Unit Cost (GEL)
A Compensations
1 Compensation for purchased land 51 176
Compensation of the easement for partially affected land 2 265 362
2
plots
134 273
3 Compensation for Structures
381 281.9
4 Crop compensation
5 Compensation for trees 729 590
Subtotal A 3 561 684
B Allowances
1 Severe impact of PAH 6 023.6
2 Vulnerable households 40 659.3
3 Physical displacement 0
Subtotal B 46 682.9
C Implementation costs
1 External Monitoring of RAP 30 000
85 800.0
2 Miscellaneous administrative expenses
Subtotal C 115 800
Total cost (A+B+C) 3 724166
D. 20% contingency fee 744 833
Total in GEL 4 669 000
1 USD = 2,6594 GEL (January 23, 2023)
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12. Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation
12.1. Internal Monitoring
Internal monitoring of RAP implementation will be carried out by GSE during implementation
of the RAP. The key person in this process will be the Local Resettlement Consultant which has
been hired by GSE during the RAP implementation. The RAP preparation and implementation
process will be supported by the RAP Consultant. The results will be communicated to the LAR
Team monthly and to the Bank according to agreed schedule. Indicators for internal monitoring
will be those related to process, immediate outputs and impacts. Monitoring will also include
the tracking of measures taken for livelihood restoration for severely affected, vulnerable and
physically relocated PAHs if any. This information will be collected directly from the GSE
representatives in the municipal level LAR Teams and Working Group and reported to LAR
Consultant to assess the progress and results of RAP implementation, and to adjust the work
program, if necessary. The monthly reports will be quarterly consolidated in the standard
supervision reports.
The overall objectives and tasks of the internal monitoring process are to:
• Set up a system that will regularly respond to monitoring findings on an ongoing basis,
by adapting existing management measures or by modifying implementation processes
of the RAP; and
• Create a mechanism to capture and analyse data in a consistent and structured fashion
against the pre-resettlement baseline at appropriate intervals and by means of suitable
indicators.
A system is in place for reporting. Since 2022, the GSE has implemented a comprehensive
software solution designed to centralize and manage essential data and information across
various domains, including Forestry, Environmental Protection, Permits, and the Social
division.
Specifically, within the social division, designated personnel are responsible for inputting both
preliminary and finalized data related to RAP into the software platform. This includes
comprehensive details about agreements with PAP, as well as pertinent documentation, all of
which are stored in electronic formats.
In order to ensure accuracy and reliability, GSE has implemented an internal monitoring
system. This system systematically validates and cross-verifies all uploaded data to prevent
errors or discrepancies.
Furthermore, the software incorporates information regarding grievances. This encompasses
key details such as the originator of the grievance, the underlying reason, the nature of the
request, the date of submission, and the current stage revision by GRM.
The data obtained by GSE internal Monitoring System can be used during the implementation
of internal as well as external monitoring.
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The internal monitoring reports will contain: (i) accomplishment to-date, (ii) objectives
attained and not attained during the period, (iii) problems encountered, and (iv) suggested
options for corrective measures. The internal monitoring report will primarily be prepared by
the Resettlement/Social Specialists and will be undertaken on a monthly basis, while impact
monitoring by an external party (as discussed in sections that follow) will be conducted every
six months.
Table 12-1 Preliminary Internal Monitoring Indicators
Indicator Criteria Frequency Indicator
type
Activity/ Progress of Monthly for first • % completeness against the resettlement
outcome resettlement and year; bi-annually schedule
indicators delivery of thereafter • % spend against the resettlement budget
entitlements • % of individual compensation
agreements signed
• % replacement housing under
construction
• % of completed and delivered
replacement housing
• % completed housing allocated to
households
• % of households who took occupation of
dwellings
• % of households that have been
resettled
• % of compensation that has been paid
against entitlements
• % completed community facilities
• % completeness against the livelihood
restoration plan
• % % overall completeness against
resettlement schedule
Grievances Monthly for first • % of grievances resolved
year; bi-annually • Number of open grievances
thereafter • Categories of grievances and trends over
time
• Average time for processing and closing
of grievances
• Gender and potential vulnerabilities of
aggrieved individuals
• Location of persons logging the largest
number of grievances
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Indicator Criteria Frequency Indicator
type
Effectiveness of 6 monthly • % replacement land allocated
livelihood • Training proved on agricultural
restoration improvements
• % of households engaged in livelihood
restoration programmes
• Revenue generation of the livelihood
restoration programmes
• Business re-establishment
• Employment of business employees in
re-established businesses
• Success of individual programmes
measured by return on investment
and number of community members
deriving an income from this
Effectiveness of Annual • % of implementation team members
resettlement appointed
implementation • Training/ capacity building undertaken
management as the implementation schedule for
systems these bodies
• Schedule of meetings for all forums and
community meetings up to date in
terms of frequency proposed and
minutes available
• Grievances been lodged and tracked to
close-out
• Internal and external monitoring on
schedule
• % of findings that have been addressed
Impact Equal or Annual • % of household members experiencing
indicators improved well health conditions in the last year
being • % of household members contracting
tuberculosis in the last year
• % of households exposed to crime in the
last year, including consideration of
the prevalence of drug use within the
households where possible
• % of vulnerable households
Equal or Annual • % of households with increased
improved differential between household
standard of living income and expenditure
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Indicator Criteria Frequency Indicator
type
• % of households with a reliance on
social grants and food vouchers
• % of children in the households
attending school if of school-
attending ages
• % of households reporting food
shortages
• % of households satisfied with service
provision
• % of households with title deeds to their
properties i.e. security of tenure
• % of households with one member or
more engaged in permanent
employment
• % of households defining themselves as
destitute
Level of Monthly for the • % of households indicating satisfaction
adjustment made first six months with their new life
by the resettled after • Qualitative assessment with households
households resettlement pre-and post-resettlement
Effectiveness of 6 monthly • % replacement land allocated
livelihood • Training proved on agricultural
restoration improvements
• % of households engaged in livelihood
restoration programmes
• Revenue generation of the livelihood
restoration programmes
• Business re-establishment
• Employment of business employees in
re-established businesses
• Success of individual programmes
measured by return on investment
and number of community members
deriving an income from this
Grievances Monthly for first • % of grievances resolved
year; bi-annually • Number of open grievances
thereafter • Categories of grievances and trends over
time
• Average time for processing and closing
of grievances
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Indicator Criteria Frequency Indicator
type
• Gender and potential vulnerabilities of
aggrieved individuals
• Location of persons logging the largest
number of grievances
12.2 External Monitoring
According to the risk profile of the project , external monitoring will be carried out by a RAP
Consultant hired by GSE. The tasks assigned to the RAP consultant will be the external
monitoring of RAP implementation and the preparation at its end of a compliance report
which will be the basis for WB to provide partial commencement to the start of construction.
Key activities will be:
(i) Assessment based on a review of the compensation tallies and interviews with the PAPs that
all PAH have been compensated as specified in the RAP;
(ii) Review and analysis of all complaint cases and of their resolution;
(iii) An assessment of the satisfaction of the PAPs through a 75% survey.
The following are the main indicators for the assessment to be carried out:
(i) Socio-economic conditions of the APs in the post-resettlement period;
(ii) Communications and reactions from APs on entitlements, compensation, options,
alternative developments and relocation timetables etc.;
(iii) Changes in housing and income levels;
(iv) Rehabilitation of informal settlers;
(v) Effectiveness of property valuation for rehabilitation purposes;
(vi) Effectiveness of Grievance procedures; and
(vii) Level of satisfaction of APs in the post resettlement period.
Apart from the key aspects of the Compliance report Independent Monitoring will continue
tracking the livelihoods of vulnerable people, non-legalizable land users and other groups
affected by the project. Compliance report will incorporate results of the monitoring indicating
whether the objectives of the RAP, i.e. livelihood restoration, were fully achieved and whether
any corrective actions should be further planned and implemented. Another key function of
resettlement monitoring is to take into account the impact of unforeseen external factors on the
effectiveness of the resettlement programme. Such factors may include (but not limited to)
natural disasters (e.g. droughts, flooding, crop failures, losses to wild animals); macro or regional
economic change (e.g. high inflation, changes in commodity prices, changes in national or
international market conditions, changes in taxation); political change (e.g. change in
government, changes in policy settings); and local socio-economic change (e.g. cost of living
changes, competition for services and natural resources, changes in the supply and demand of
land, supply, demand and pricing of housing and labour, in-migration pressures and the like).
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Monitoring is critical for identifying such changes and identifying resettlement programme
adjustments if necessary.
Compliance Reviews
The first compliance review, provided by the external monitor, must be conducted six months
after the commencement of implementation. The timing of subsequent reviews will be
determined by the findings of the first review. If there are no material review findings, the next
review will take place after 12 months. However, should there be material findings, subsequent
reviews will be conducted every six months, until the project is compliant and all findings have
been resolved.
Close-out Audit
A Close-out Audit will be conducted within one year after completion of physical displacement
and/ or the initiation of LR programmes. The purpose is to determine whether the
implementation process was successful in meeting applicable standards and planning objectives,
especially in terms of LR outcomes. To achieve close-out, criteria indicative of successful
outcomes must be agreed with the GSE during planning. The Close-out Audit Report will
specify if remedial plan is required or minor adjustments to current planning should be made.
Reporting requirements
Findings from M&E, compliance reviews, the close-out audit as well as development and
progress against any remedial plans should be reported to the responsible parties. The frequency
of reporting will depend on the type of reporting conducted, for example:
• Internal M&E: monthly;
• External evaluation: every six months;
• Compliance reviews: every six months, or annually depending on findings;
• Close-out audit: at the end of the resettlement process; and
• Remedial plans: as required.
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Resettlement Action Plan
Annex 1
Public Consultations
Public Consultations on the Resettlement Action Plan for the "Jvari Tskaltubo" 500kV
Power Line Construction Project
• On 23-24 January 2023, the representatives of GSE and Aligator LTD, held public consultations
with the residents of the Project affected villages in Dedalauri Community of Khoni
Municipality, Jvari and Maglki communities of Tskaltubo Municipality and Sachino community
of Tsalenjikha Municipality. The goal of the consultations was to inform the local residents
about the planned development and implementation of the RAP.
• The following individuals attended the public consultations:
o GSE – Nino Mtsuravishvili (Deputy Head of Environmental, Social and Permits
Department); Levan Bitsadze (Deputy Head of Environmental, Social and Permits
Department); Nika Mikautadze (Head of the Social and Resettlement Office), Tornike
Gelashvili (CLO); Mamuka Khoriashvili (CLO);
o Aligator LTD – Malkhaz Komladze;
o Representatives of local municipalities – Levan Tsivtsivadze (representative of the
mayor in Dedalauri); Avtandil Kardava (representative of the mayor in Jvari); Mikheil
Zhorzholiani (representative of the mayor in Maglaki); Bela Kvirkvia (representative of
the mayor in Sachino).
• Prior to the meeting GSE distributed leaflets covering information: a) about the RAP process,
b) about GSE and its activities; and c) about a grievance management procedure applied in
lender-funded projects.
• Overall, public consultations were conducted in a fairly peaceful environment and residents
were actively engaged in the meetings by posing the questions. The questions raised by the
PAPs mainly concerned the compensation rates, easement resulted restrictions and EMF.
Event-specific information
1. January 23, public meeting in Dedalauri Community
Venue: Village Administrative building
Agenda: A presentation followed by questions.
Start time: 13:00 End time: 14:15
GSE Staff: Nino Mtsuravishvili, Levan Bitsadze, Nika Mikautadze (GSE), Tornike Gelashvili,
Mamuka Khoriashvili, Malkhaz Komladze (Aligator)
Presenter: Nikoloz Mikautadze (GSE) and Malkhaz Komladze (Aligator)
Participants: About 32 people
Number of women: 10
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2. January 23, public meeting in Maglaki community
Venue: Village culture centre
Agenda: A presentation followed by questions.
Start time: 15:00 End time: 16:30
GSE Staff: Nino Mtsuravishvili, Levan Bitsadze, Nika Mikautadze (GSE), Tornike Gelashvili,
Mamuka Khoriashvili, Malkhaz Komladze (Aligator)
Presenter: Nikoloz Mikautadze (GSE) and Malkhaz Komladze (Aligator)
Participants: About 36 people
Number of women: 10
3. January 24, public meeting in Sachino
Venue: Village Administrative building
Agenda: A presentation followed by questions.
Start time: 13:00 End time: 14:25
GSE Staff: Nino Mtsuravishvili, Levan Bitsadze, Nika Mikautadze (GSE), Tornike Gelashvili,
Mamuka Khoriashvili, Malkhaz Komladze (Aligator)
Presenter: Nikoloz Mikautadze (GSE) and Malkhaz Komladze (Aligator)
Participants: About 16 people
Number of women: 7
4. January 24, public meeting in Jvari
Venue: culture centre
Agenda: A presentation followed by questions.
Start time: 15:00 End time: 16:15
GSE Staff: Nino Mtsuravishvili, Levan Bitsadze, Nika Mikautadze (GSE), Tornike Gelashvili,
Mamuka Khoriashvili, Malkhaz Komladze (Aligator)
Presenter: Nikoloz Mikautadze (GSE) and Malkhaz Komladze (Aligator)
Participants: About 22 people
Number of women: 11
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Consultations with Stakeholders on Resettlement issues in the Village Dadalauri, Khoni
municipality, January 23, 2023
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Question/Comment Sex Author Answer
Is it safe to live near the Living outside the buffer zone is
1 Male Jambul Jaiani
transmission line completely safe for humans.
The amounts are unknown till the end
What will be the
of this stage. The audit has an
easement amounts paid
Male individual approach, and accordingly
2 to us, if installation of a Giorgi Abashidze
the prices will be different. The
tower in the land plot
compensation will be introduced to the
becomes necessary?
citizens individually.
Yes, the Project is already on place, and
Is it known exactly Female during the work, our teams will show
3 Naita Tvaladze
where the lines will pass? you the future exact location of the
lines.
Will the construction
Male Avtandil During the work safety rules will be
4 process damage us in any
Gurabanidze observed as much as possible. In case of
way?
damage, it will be fully compensated.
Is it allowed to plant Yes, any annual crop is safe to grow
5 Male Gela Jaiani
anything under the lines? under the lines.
Is it safe to let animals Male Yes, it is safe for animals/cattle to graze
6 Ilia Abashidze
under the lines? and stay under the lines.
If it is confirmed that a PAP is using
Will those who fail to the asset existing on the land plot,
register land plots, he/she will be compensated. PAP will
7 Ioseb Bandzeladze
receive any receive land compensation for the
Male
compensation? easement and acquisition of the plot
only after the registration.
Consultation with Stakeholders on Resettlement Issues in the village Magalaki
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Tskaltubo municipality
January 23, 2023
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Resettlement Action Plan
Question/Comment Sex Author Answer
Yes, it is absolutely safe to
Is it safe for humans to walk, Male
1 Elguja Kashibadze walk, drive or move under the
drive under the lines?
lines
What types of trees will be Compensation will be given for
2 Male Guram Svanidze
compensated? the fruit-bearing trees.
Male Tower areas vary depending on
3 What is the area of the tower? Murad Svanidze
their type.
Construction on private plots
When does the construction
4 Female Julieta Chirgadze will start after compensations
start?
are issued.
No, if the house falls into the
5 Can you live under the lines? Male Gizo Kashibadze buffer zone, the government
will purchase the property.
Is construction allowed under Male No, construction under the
6 Avtandil Tcholadze
the lines? buffer zone is not allowed.
When the field work is
When will you start issuing completed and the
7 Male Jemal Jankhoteli
compensations? Resettlement Action Plan is
prepared.
Consultation with Stakeholders on Resettlement Issues
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Resettlement Action Plan
Village Sachino, Tsalenjikha Municipality
January 24, 2023
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Question/Comment Sex Author Anwer
Yes, based on social
Is there any additional
Male surveys, the social status of
1 compensation for the Patiko Mikenia
the PAP will affect the
vulnerable PAPs?
amount of compensation.
How safe is living around Residing out of the buffer
2 Male Tamaz Gvilava
the towers? zone is safe
The distance between the
towers depends on the
What is the distance Male terrain. On a flat surface
3 Romanoz Gvilava
between the masts? the distance between the
masts is bigger than on a
hilly one.
The lines create
electromagnetic field, the
Do the lines emit Male Avtandzil radiation emitted by them
4
radiation? Janjghava is less than the radiation
emitted by ordinary
household appliances.
Only the construction of a
building and growing the
Female trees higher than 4 meters
Can we work under the
5 Tsiala Gvilava is prohibited under the
lines?
lines under the N-366
ordinance of the Georgian
government.
Residents in the buffer
zone are restricted from
Will I be allowed to build Male constructing buildings.
6 a house in my plot in the Tamaz Gvilava
There will be no
future?
restrictions from GSE
outside the buffer zone.
No, the amount of
compensation is not
Are compensation rates known until the field work
7 Lebvan Abralava
known for per sq.m? Male is completed and the audit
assesses the assets based on
this information.
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Resettlement Action Plan
Consultations with Stakeholders on Resettlement Issues
Jvari, Tskaltubo Municipality
January 24, 2023
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Resettlement Action Plan
Question/Answer Sex Author Answer
Will damaged
Male All assets damaged during
1 raspberries be Phiruz Kurua
construction will be compensated.
compensated?
Lines have their own protection zone;
Is it safe to live near the Female
2 Irma Kardava it is safe to live outside the protection
lines?
zone.
The state will pay compensation for
Who will compensate
assets damaged during construction, if
the infrastructure Malkhaz
3 Male such an asset is common property
damaged during Kardava
(road), the state will oblige the person
construction?
who damaged it its restoration.
The lines create electromagnetic field,
Do the lines emit Female the radiation emitted by them is less
4 Keto Tordia
radiation? than the radiation emitted by
ordinary household appliances.
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Resettlement Action Plan
What will be the
Easement will restrict the
restrictions imposed by Male
5 SoSo Phiphia construction of buildings and growing
easement?
the trees higher than 4meters.
Will we be notified in
advance of the start of Yes, the PAPs will be informed about
Male Ramaz
6 construction so that we the construction commencement date
Gogokhia
can dismantle the in advance.
fences ourselves?
Will you still help us Within the framework of our project,
with registrations or GSE takes over the registration of land
should we wait for the Amirani plots in the buffer zone, therefore the
7 arrival of the public Kukhilava registration process will continue for
register? Male
those who have not yet registered
their land plots.
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