PUNJAB RURAL MUNICIPAL SERVICES COMPANY ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) PUNJAB RURAL SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT (PRSWSSP) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... I LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................ VI LIST OF TABLES ..............................................................................................................VII LIST OF PLATES ............................................................................................................. VIII LIST OF ABBREVIATION ................................................................................................. IX INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 8 1.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................................................. 9 1.3 OBJECTIVE OF ESMP .................................................................................................. 11 1.4 SCOPE OF ESMP ........................................................................................................ 12 1.5 CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS/ OBLIGATIONS OF ESMP............................................... 12 1.6 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY TO WORK ....................................................................... 12 1.6.1 Approach ............................................................................................................. 12 1.6.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 13 1.7 STRUCTURE OF ESMP ................................................................................................. 16 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORK.............................................................. 17 2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 17 2.2 SUMMARY OF KEY NATIONAL STRATEGIES, POLICIES, ACTS AND LEGISLATION ............ 18 2.3 KEY PROVINCIAL STRATEGIES / POLICIES, LEGISLATION / ACTS, LAWS AND REGULATIONS 21 2.4 APPLICABLE WORLD BANK POLICIES ......................................................................... 27 2.4.1 World Bank Operational Policies ...................................................................... 27 2.5 MANAGING THE RISKS OF ADVERSE IMPACTS ON COMMUNITIES FROM TEMPORARY PROJECT INDUCED LABOR INFLUX ...................................................................................... 28 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH & SAFETY GUIDELINES ..................................................... 28 2.7 INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOL/CONVENTIONS ............................................................... 28 2.8 INSTITUTION RESPONSIBLE FOR PLANNING, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS ................... 29 2.8.1 Environmental Protection Agency, Punjab ....................................................... 29 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 30 3.1 NEED AND PURPOSE OF PROJECT ............................................................................ 31 3.2 PROJECT LOCATION ................................................................................................. 32 3.3 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT ......................................................................................... 33 3.4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 34 3.5 PROJECT COST ....................................................................................................... 46 3.6 LAND ACQUISITION ................................................................................................... 46 3.7 PROJECT ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION .................................................................. 47 3.8 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ..................................................................... 47 3.9 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND REQUIRED MACHINERY ............................................ 47 3.10 CONSTRUCTION CAMPS ........................................................................................... 48 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) i 3.11 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ..................................................................................... 48 3.12 WORKFORCE REQUIREMENT .................................................................................... 49 3.13 SOLID WASTE GENERATION...................................................................................... 49 3.14 WATER REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................. 49 3.15 WASTEWATER GENERATION DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ..................................... 49 BASELINE PROFILE ....................................................................................................... 50 4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 50 4.2 DELINEATION OF STUDY AREA/ AREA OF INFLUENCE (AOI) ......................................... 50 4.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................... 51 4.3.1 Topography ..................................................................................................... 51 4.3.2 Geology ........................................................................................................... 51 4.3.3 Climate and Meteorology ................................................................................. 52 4.3.4 Water Resources ............................................................................................. 53 4.3.5 Environmental Monitoring, Sampling and Testing ............................................ 55 4.3.6 Seismology ...................................................................................................... 58 4.4 SENSITIVE RECEPTORS ............................................................................................ 59 4.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................... 60 4.5.1 Flora ................................................................................................................ 60 4.5.2 Fauna .............................................................................................................. 61 4.5.3 Endangered Species ....................................................................................... 61 4.5.5 Legally Protected Areas ................................................................................... 62 Figure 5: Wildlife Sanctuaries and Game Reserves ...................................................... 63 4.6 SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE ....................................................................................... 64 4.6.1 Population Size ................................................................................................ 64 4.6.2 Findings of Socioeconomic Survey .................................................................. 65 4.6.3 Results of Gender Situation Survey ................................................................. 69 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................................................... 71 5.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 71 5.2 OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF CONSULTATION ...................................................... 71 5.3 CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION PROCESS .......................................................... 71 5.4 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS .......................................................................... 72 5.5 INFORMATION DISSEMINATION .................................................................................. 72 5.6 METHODS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ....................................................................... 72 5.7 APPROACH ADOPTED FOR THE CONSULTATION.......................................................... 73 5.8 STAKEHOLDERS CONCERNS TOWARDS THE PROJECT ................................................ 73 5.9 CONSULTATIONS WITH FEMALE COMMUNITY MEMBERS .............................................. 75 5.10 CONSULTATION WITH INSTITUTIONAL STAKEHOLDERS ................................................ 76 5.11 CONSULTATION WITH NGO....................................................................................... 80 5.12 PRESSING NEEDS OF THE CONSULTED VILLAGES SUGGESTED BY LOCAL PEOPLE ....... 80 5.13 DISCLOSURE OF ESMP ............................................................................................ 81 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES .................... 82 6.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 82 6.2 SCOPING OF IMPACTS .............................................................................................. 82 6.3 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 82 6.3.1 Screening Checklist ......................................................................................... 82 6.3.2 Notion of Significance ...................................................................................... 83 6.3.3 Study Area/ Area of Influence .......................................................................... 83 6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS (E&S) IN PROJECT DESIGN .................. 83 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) ii 6.5 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS DURING PRE-CONSTRUCTION/DESIGN PHASE .......................... 84 6.5.1 Layout Planning & Design ................................................................................ 84 6.5.2 Environmentally Responsive Design Considerations ....................................... 84 6.5.3 Groundwater .................................................................................................... 85 6.5.4 Surface Water .................................................................................................. 85 6.5.5 Seismic Hazard................................................................................................ 86 6.5.6 Damage to Existing Infrastructure .................................................................... 86 6.5.8 Fire Fighting System ........................................................................................ 87 6.5.9 Land Acquisition .............................................................................................. 87 6.6 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................. 89 6.6.1 Topography ..................................................................................................... 89 6.6.2 Soil Erosion ..................................................................................................... 89 6.6.3 Soil Contamination........................................................................................... 90 6.6.4 Trench Failure ................................................................................................. 90 6.6.5 Construction Camps/Camp Sites ..................................................................... 91 6.6.6 Water Quality ................................................................................................... 91 6.6.7 Air Quality ........................................................................................................ 92 6.6.8 Noise ............................................................................................................... 93 6.6.9 Municipal and Construction Waste/ Wastewater .............................................. 93 6.6.10 Chance of Finding Artifacts .............................................................................. 94 6.6.11 Resource Conservation ................................................................................... 94 6.6.12 Biodiversity Conservation ................................................................................ 95 6.6.13 Health and Safety ............................................................................................ 95 6.6.14 Traffic Management ......................................................................................... 97 6.6.15 Nuisance/ Disturbance to Sensitive Receptors (Educational, Health and Religious Places) …………………………………………………………………………………………… ………98 6.6.16 Accessibility ..................................................................................................... 98 6.6.17 Gender-Based Violence (GBV) ........................................................................ 99 6.6.18 Influx of Labor .................................................................................................. 99 6.6.19 Social/ Cultural Conflicts ................................................................................ 101 6.6.20 Child Labor .................................................................................................... 101 6.6.21 Economic Activity........................................................................................... 101 6.7 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE .............................................. 102 6.7.1 Soil ................................................................................................................ 102 6.7.2 Air Quality ...................................................................................................... 102 6.7.3 Odour ............................................................................................................ 103 6.7.4 ELITE CAPTURE ..................................................................................................... 103 6.7.5 SOCIAL INCLUSION ................................................................................................. 104 6.7.6 End Water User of Treated Wastewater......................................................... 104 6.7.7 Solid Waste ................................................................................................... 105 6.7.8 Sludge ........................................................................................................... 106 6.7.9 Water Quality ................................................................................................. 106 6.8 POSITIVE IMPACTS ................................................................................................. 106 6.8.1 Improved Water Supply System ..................................................................... 106 6.8.2 Improved Sewerage System .......................................................................... 106 6.8.3 Improvement in Public Health, Hygiene and Sanitation .................................. 107 6.8.4 Landscape ..................................................................................................... 107 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) iii 6.8.5 Commulative Impacts of Water Extraction & Sewerage Treatment ................ 107 6.8.6 Other Positive Impacts ................................................................................... 108 6.9 OPERATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY ............................................................................... 108 6.10 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS .............................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.11 INDUCED IMPACTS.................................................................................................. 109 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN ........................ 110 7.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 110 7.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ......... 110 7.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the Functionaries involved in ESMP Implementation ........................................................................................................... 111 A. World Bank .................................................................................................... 111 B. Punjab Environmental Protection Department ............................................... 111 C. PIMU-PRMSC ............................................................................................... 111 D. Environmental and Social Cell (ESC) ............................................................. 112 E. Supervisory Consultant (SC).......................................................................... 112 F. Construction Contractor (CC)......................................................................... 113 7.2.2 Institutional Arrangement for Implementation of ESMP by PIMU-PRMSC during O&M Phase………… .................................................................................................. 113 7.3 REPORTING ........................................................................................................... 113 7.4 NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE ESMP........................................................................ 114 7.5 CONTRACTORS ESMP ........................................................................................... 114 7.6 INCLUSION OF ESMP IN BIDDING/ CONTRACT DOCUMENTS ...................................... 114 7.7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN .................................................... 114 Layout Planning & Design .......................................................................................... 116 Groundwater............................................................................................................... 116 Damage to Existing Infrastructure ............................................................................... 117 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE ............................................... 118 Topography ................................................................................................................ 118 Soil Erosion ................................................................................................................ 118 Soil Contamination ..................................................................................................... 119 Trench Failure ............................................................................................................ 120 Construction Camps/Camp Sites ................................................................................ 121 Water Quality .............................................................................................................. 122 Air Quality ................................................................................................................... 123 Dust………………....................................................................................................... 124 Noise……………. ....................................................................................................... 125 Municipal and Construction Waste/ Wastewater ......................................................... 125 Resource Conservation .............................................................................................. 126 Health and Safety ....................................................................................................... 128 Traffic Management .................................................................................................... 129 Accessibility ................................................................................................................ 130 Resilience to Climate Change..................................................................................... 130 Liquid and Solid Waste from Construction Camps ...................................................... 130 Flammable and Hazardous Materials ......................................................................... 132 Gender Based Violence (GBV) ................................................................................... 133 Influx of Labor ............................................................................................................. 134 Social/ Cultural Conflicts ............................................................................................. 135 Child Labor ................................................................................................................. 137 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE ........................................................ 137 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) iv Soil…………………. ................................................................................................... 137 Air Quality ................................................................................................................... 137 Odour……………… .................................................................................................... 138 Solid Waste ................................................................................................................ 138 Sludge……………. ..................................................................................................... 139 Community Health Hazards ........................................................................................ 139 SOCIAL INCLUSION........................................................................................................... 141 ELITE CAPTURE ............................................................................................................... 141 END USERS OF TREATED WASTEWATER ............................................................................ 142 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards ................................................................... 142 7.8 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM (GRM) .......................................................... 144 7.8.1 Objectives ...................................................................................................... 144 7.8.2 Disclosure of GRM ......................................................................................... 144 7.8.3 Records and Monitoring ................................................................................. 145 7.8.4 Proposed Institutional Mechanisms................................................................ 145 7.8.5 GRM Process Implementation ....................................................................... 146 7.8.6 Mode of Complaint ......................................................................................... 147 7.8.7 GRM Procedures and Timelines .................................................................... 147 9. ESMP BUDGET ..................................................................................................... 149 8.1 BREAK UP OF ESMP BUDGET ................................................................................. 149 9.2 BUDGET ESTIMATE FOR HSE DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASES ......................... 150 9.3 BREAK UP OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ................................................. 152 9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING COST ...................................................................... 154 8.5 TRAINING PROGRAM .............................................................................................. 157 8.6 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY & STRENGTHENING .......................................................... 160 8.7 ESMP COST OF VILLAGE AND TEHSILS ................................................................... 165 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) v LIST OF FIGURES Page No. Figure 1: Location Map of Project Area ............................................................................... 33 Figure 2: Process Flow Diagram of STP / WWTP / ABR ..................................................... 45 Figure 3: Hydrology Map of Punjab Province ...................................................................... 53 Figure 4: Seismic Zone Map of Project Area ....................................................................... 58 Figure 5: Wildlife Sanctuaries and Game Reserves ............................................................ 63 Figure 6: Occupational Status of the Respondents ............................................................. 65 Figure 7: Monthly Income of the Respondents .................................................................... 66 Figure 8: Type of Construction of House ............................................................................. 67 Figure 9: Organizational Setup for implementation of ESMP ............................................. 111 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) vi LIST OF TABLES Page No. Table 1 : Project Area Details................................................................................................ 8 Table 2: Location and Name of Priority Villages in Different Tehsils .................................... 10 Table 3: Key National Strategies / Policies, Legislation / Acts, Laws and Regulations and Their Relevance to the Project ............................................................................................ 18 Table 4:Key Provincial strategies / policies, legislation / Acts, Laws and Regulations and Their Relevance to the Project ............................................................................................ 22 Table 5:International Agreements/Conventions Relevant to the Project .............................. 28 Table 7: Manhole Spacing .................................................................................................. 43 Table 8: Manhole Diameter ................................................................................................. 44 Table 8: Land Requirement Details ..................................................................................... 46 Table 9: List of expected Machinery/Equipment .................................................................. 48 Table 10: Topographic Variations ....................................................................................... 51 Table 11: Temperature Variation in Summer and Winter Season ........................................ 52 Table 12: Average Wind Speed and Windiest Month in Tehsils .......................................... 53 Table 13: Surface Water Bodies in Targeted Villages of Relevant Tehsils .......................... 54 Table 14: Groundwater Analysis ......................................................................................... 54 Table 15: Ambient Air Quality Results ................................................................................. 55 Table 16: Noise Monitoring Results..................................................................................... 56 Table 17: Results of Wastewater......................................................................................... 57 Table 18: Sensitive Receptors ............................................................................................ 59 Table 19: Primary data results of Project Area .................................................................... 64 Table 20: Findings of the Consultation Meetings ................................................................. 73 Table 21: Findings of the Consultation Meetings ................................................................. 75 Table 22:Concerns of Relevant Government Departments ................................................. 76 Table 23: Distribution of Periodic Reports ......................................................................... 113 Table 24: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ....................................... 116 Table 25: Village-wise ESMP Cost .................................................................................... 149 Table 26: Village-wise ESMP Cost .................................................................................... 149 Table 27: Budget Estimate for HSE During the Construction Phase of Large Village ........ 150 Table 28: Budget Estimate for HSE During the Construction Phase of Small Villages....... 151 Table 29:Break Up of Personal Protective Equipment for Large Village ............................ 152 Table 30:Break Up of Personal Protective Equipment for Small Village ............................ 153 Table 31: Environmental Monitoring Cost for Large Village ............................................... 154 Table 32: Environmental Monitoring Cost for Small Village ............................................... 155 Table 33: Training Cost for Large Villages ........................................................................ 157 Table 34: Training Cost for Large Villages ........................................................................ 159 Table 35: Institutional Strengthening Arrangement Tehsil-wise ......................................... 161 Table 36: Cost of Institutional Strengthening (Tehsil Wise) ............................................... 164 Table 37: ESMP Cost of Villages and whole Tehsil ........................................................... 165 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) vii LIST OF PLATES Page No. Plate 1: Glimpses of Existing site Conditions ...................................................................... 39 Plate 2: Sampling of wastewater ......................................................................................... 57 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) viii LIST OF ABBREVIATION ABR Anaerobic Baffled Reactor AoI Area of influence BDL Below detection limit BHU Basic Health Unit BMPs Best Management Practices BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOQs Bills of Quantities BPs Bank Procedures CBD Convention on the Biological Diversity CBO Community Based Organization CC Construction Contractor CFT Cubic foot CO Carbon Mono Oxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DC Design Consultant DC Design Consultant DG Directorate General EA Environmental Assessment ECO Economic Cooperation Organization ECO Economic Cooperation Organization EDCS Engineering, Design & Supervision Consultancy Services EE Environmental Engineer EHS Environmental, Health & Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ENE East-Northeast EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPD Environmental Protection Department ERPs Emergency Response Procedures ESC Environmental and Social Cell ESMF Environmental Social & Management Framework ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan ESS Environmental & Social Safeguard GAP Gender Action Plan GBV Gender Based Violence GHG Greenhouse Gas GIIP Good International Industry Practice GPD Gallons per Day GRC Grievance Redressal Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanisms HDPE High Density Polyethylene HHs Households Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) ix HSE Health, Safety & Environment IEE Initial Environmental Examination LG Local Government LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MGD Million Gallon per Day MS Medical Superintend MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets NCS National Conservation Strategy NE North East NESPAK National Engineering Services Pakistan NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NNE North-Northeast NNW North-Northwest NO Nitrogen Oxide NO2 Nitrogen Di Oxide NOC No Objection Certificate NTU Nephelometeric Turbidity Unit NW North west O&M Operational and Maintenance O3 Ozone OHS Occupational Health & Safety OHWT Overhead water Tank OIC Organization of the Islamic Conference OP Operational Policy PATs Pakistan Approaches to Total Sanitation PCC Public Complaints Center PD Project Director PDWP Provincial Development working party PEPA Punjab Environmental Protection Agency PEQS Punjab Environmental Quality Standards PGA Peak Ground Acceleration PGA Peak Ground Acceleration PICs Public Information Centers PIMU Project Implementation and monitoring unit PIU Programme implementation unit PKR Pakistan Rupees PLGA Punjab Local Government (Amendment) PM Particulate Matter PPE Personal Protective Equipment PRMSC Punjab Rural Municipal Services Company PRSWSSP Punjab Rural Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation Project PWA Punjab Water Act RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete ROW Right of Way SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SBC Seismic Building Code SC Supervision Consultant Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) x SDS Social Development Specialist SDU Service Delivery Unit SEA Sexual Exploitation and abuse SH Sexual Harassment SO2 Sulfur Di Oxide SOP Standard Operating Procedures SPM Suspended particulate Matter STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases STI Sexually Transmitted Infections STP Sewage Treatment Plant SWM Solid Waste Management TC Total Coliforms TCU True Color Unit TDS Total Dissolve Solids THQ Tehsil Head quarter TOR Terms of Reference TPV Third Party Verification TSS Total Suspended Solid UNCCD United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification UNESCO United Nation Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNO United Nations Organization WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WB World Bank WBG World Bank Guideline WHO World Health Organization WNW West-Northwest WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) xi Executive Summary 1. Introduction The Local Government & Community Development Department (LG&CDD), Government of Punjab, through its Punjab Rural Municipal Services Company (PRMSC), a company registered under section 42 of “The Companies Act 2017”, is implementing Punjab Rural Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation Project (PRSWSSP)” in target area of 2000 villages in 16 tehsils of Punjab province; with the financial assistance of the World Bank. The current document is the consolidated “Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)” prepared in line with World Bank Safeguard Policies; and as per guidance provided in the project’s Environmental Social & Management Framework (ESMF)”. 2. Background The project development objective of PRSWSSP to provide equitable and sustainable access to safely managed water and sanitation and reduce child stunting 1. This will be achieved by improving sanitation conditions, providing clean drinking water, improving living conditions through solid waste management, behavior change, and capacity building activities in rural settlements of Punjab province. To implement this project Punjab Rural Municipal Services Company (PRMSC) has divided the 16 tehsils into 6 clusters depending on geographical location and PRMSC has hired the services of 6 Engineering Design and Supervisory Consultants (EDCS), one for each cluster. The consultancy project is titled as “Consultancy Services for Engineering Design and Construction Supervision of Punjab Rural Sustainable Water Supply & Sanitation Project (PRSWSS)”. Consultancy Services (EDCS) under the pilot phase project in the revenue villages of Geographical based Cluster named “Central-I” of selected districts. The services will assist in; (i) design documentation, including Sub-scheme/Project Document (PC-I), Bill of Quantities, for water supply and sanitation services to achieve economies of scale and desired results, and (ii) resident supervision of infrastructure development. In Consultation with PRMSC, the consultants have prioritized 26 villages of 8 relevant tehsils for the provision of Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) facilities during first phase of the pilot villages. EDCS consultants are working on feasibility and engineering designs of the remaining villages of the pilot phase. This Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) covers various impacts of the design, construction, and operation of water supply, sewerage, and solid waste management facilities. The anticipated environmental and social impacts of the selected 26 are mostly localized, site-specific and temporary; few (if any) of them are irreversible and could be easily mitigated through appropriate measures. According to the findings of the Environmental and Social Screening study, this project falls in Category E2 and requires an ESMP. 3. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 1 PAD (PRSWSSP) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 1 The national and provincial Government has promulgated laws/acts, regulations, and standards for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation, and improvement of the environment. The Punjab Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) is the regulatory authority, which has provided guidelines for conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies and has the authority to issue regulatory clearance/ No Objection Certificates (NOCs) for various projects. In addition to the laws of the land (Punjab Environmental Protection Act 1997, Review of IEE/EIA Act 2000), World Bank Operational Policies (OPs) are also applicable to the project including Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01), Natural Habitat (OP 4.04), Physical Cultural Resources (OP 4.11), Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12), Gender policy (OP 4.20), and Access to information (BP 17.50). 4. Project Description The villages selected for provision of Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) facilities. The subproject involves provision of water supply, sewerage, overhead tanks & Pumping stations with sewage treatment. The villages in the project area are facing grave issues related to water supply and sewerage. The project is scheduled to be completed in 10 months. The estimated total cost for construction of proposed project is 3562.56 million PKR. This cost is tentative and will be finalized with the detailed technical design of the proposed project. Total man power required on site for proposed Project will be approximately 20-30 workers per day per village. 5. Baseline Profile As per the environmental screening study conducted earlier, the project falls in “Category E2” which means that the impacts of the project activities are limited and within the boundary of project area. Therefore, the whole village has been considered Area of Influence (AoI). A. Physical Environment The proposed project sites are rural settlements comprising residential and agriculture areas. The topography of the project area is predominantly flat except for Kallar Kahar that is hilly region. The ground elevations vary from 350 to 610 ft in flat areas where as 1920 – 2368 ft in Kallar kahar. Punjab’s area mostly consists of an alluvial plain formed by the southward-flowing Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. The general slope of the land is from northeast to southwest, but it rises in the areas between rivers Approximately 70 percent land area of the province comprises flood plans of Indus basin. Geologically, lands in the flood plains are lightly mantled with alluvial deposits transported from the Himalaya foothills. The underlying bedrock is composed of Precambrian metamorphic and tertiary consolidated rocks. The overlying alluvium consists of Pleistocene to recent unconsolidated deposits of sand, clay and silt. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 2 The project area has extreme climate. It has hot summer and cold winters. The summer starts from May and lasts till September. June is the hottest month. The mean maximum temperature varies from 37 – 46 ºC for month of June in relevant tehsils. The winter seasons lasts from November to February. January is the coldest month. The mean minimum temperature varies from 3 ºC and 7 ºC in January in relevant tehsils. Maximum precipitation days are observed during June. The dominant wind speed throughout the year is ranges between 10 -16 km/hr. Groundwater investigation study reveals that the groundwater is abundantly available in the project area at depth of 30 to 60 ft, except for the villages of Liquatpur and Kallar Kahar. Liaquatpur is water logged. Whereas Kallar kahar is hilly area and groundwater lies at the depth of more than 300 feet and still source is not promising. The Project Area is located in Seismic Zone 2A except for Kallar Kahar that is located in Seismic Zone 2B. The Zone 2A has Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in the range of 0.08 g to 0.16 g and Zone 2b has PGA in range of 0.16 g to 0.24g. B. Biological Environment Project areas are rich in biodiversity because of its diverse landscape and geographical location. The variety of ecosystem is evident and is home to various species. The following section describes the biological environment of the project area. Common animals found in the project area include dogs, cats, house rats and bats. Domestic livestock observed during field visits include buffaloes, cattle, goats, sheep, and donkeys that are used by the local residents for their livelihood. Major crops ripen and cultivated are Wheat, Fodder, Rice, Sugarcane, Cotton, Maize and Barseen. The major floral species found in the project area include Jand trees, Karir, Beri, Van, Kikar, Shisham, Aak and Kikar. There are no endangered species of either flora or fauna in the project tehsils. Neither any wetlands nor any wildlife is present in and around the project area. C. Social Environment Socioeconomic baseline was established using primary and secondary data. Detailed site visits were conducted by Social Experts of consultants to appraise the prevailing socioeconomic conditions and to assess the socioeconomic impacts of the proposed project. During the field surveys, interviews and consultation meetings were held with the local representatives i.e., Numberdars, residents (Males & Females), shopkeepers, land owners, agriculturists, and their laborers, etc., in 26 priority villages. Primary data was collected through a socioeconomic survey with the help of a structured and un- structured questionnaire. Random sample was conducted in all twenty-six (26) priority villages of eight (08) tehsils of Center, North and South. Secondary data was collected from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Census 2017), established literature, and research. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 3 6. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure Engagement with stakeholders and disclosure is an integral part of the project’s environmental and social assessment. The methods used for public consultation with project stakeholders in order to ascertain their stakes regarding project implementation were general/public meetings, rapid participatory appraisal, and on-site meetings. Different categories of interested parties including project staff, government officials, and local communities were consulted to predict the nature and scale of risks, challenges, and impacts of the project perceived by them. Concerns raised by the locals are as followed. In Table ES1. Table ES1: Concerns raised by locals and their response Sr. Concerns Raised Locations Response No 1 There is no public water supply and All 26 villages The objective of the proposed people rely on the conventional project is to provide clean methods of water collection i.e. drinking water to all the residents Boreholes etc. of the community at their doorsteps through a piped network. 2 There is no sewerage system and All 26 villages The sewage will be connected the sewage is being disposed of in through a piped network and will open lands which create nuisance. be disposed of after adequate treatment through a wastewater treatment plant. 3 There is no collection of solid waste All 26 villages A comprehensive solid waste and the waste is dumped directly in collection system will be the open plots and streets which developed and waste containers create nuisance shall be placed at appropriate locations in the villages. PRMSC will collect the solid waste through bins and will transport it to the designated disposal site. 4 The residents of the village are Kallar Kahar Water meters are already in the ready to pay the bills for the water Kot Momin plan as part of the project and will supply services. But they have Pakpattan be provided soon to the some concerns regarding the billing community. The water meter will procedure. They want to know does be installed at the household billing based on household level whereas bulk water consumption, household size or metering is installed on each lump sum amount has to be paid. network. 5 The construction activities will All 26 villages The contractor will ensure that cause inconvenience to local construction work do not create residents due to hindrance in disturbance for local people’s routine activities Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 4 Sr. Concerns Raised Locations Response No access to the local route and their routine life activities. 6 Noise and dust will be generated All 26 villages Regular sprinkling of water will be from construction activities and may carried out to control the dust cause health issues. emissions at the construction site, whereas construction activities will be avoided during night time. 7 Recreation facilities such as parks Kahror Pakka Provision of recreation facilities is and playgrounds should be Liaquatpur not the mandate of the proposed provided. Bhawana project; however, the concern has been noted and will be reported to the higher authorities. 8 Solid waste produced during Kallar Kahar The construction and other waste construction time is a major Kot momin generated at the site shall be concern, should not be piled up in collected, stored and transported the project area; to the final disposal site by the contractor on daily basis. 9 The water is not drinkable and there All 26 villages Waterborne diseases shall be are several waterborne diseases in reduced and there will be an the project area improvement in public health with the provision of clean and healthy drinking water. 10 GST or OHR should be constructed Kot Momin, Kalar An OHR will be constructed as a as a part of this project. Kahar part of this sub-project. 11 All 26 villages Efforts will be made to protect as much trees / plants as possible. Will there be tree cutting? Where avoidance will not be possible, the trees will be offset to nearby locations. 12 Will employment opportunities be All 26 villages maximum workforce will be generated for locals during the employed from the sub-project construction phase? area. 13 How the land will be acquired? Will All 26 villages Primarily, the state land will be there be any compensation for the used for project interventions land. such as Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP), overhead reservoirs and water treatment systems. However, in case of unavailability of state land, private land through voluntary land donations – as an exception – will be obtained from the land holders having considerable landholdings. Moreover, if there are informal users/occupiers on the state land, they will be assisted to relocate and provided with livelihood assistance as required Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 5 Sr. Concerns Raised Locations Response No in (OP 4.12 requirements on non- title land owners/users) for their loss (structures and income). 14 People of nearby village asked, if Kallar Kahar Other villages of the vicinity will the water supply and sewerage be included in the next phase of network will be provided to other the project. villages in the vicinity. 7. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures The construction activities would cause changes in topography, soil contamination, surface & groundwater pollution, air pollution, noise & vibration, solid waste generation, disturbance to flora and fauna, overburdening of resources, construction camps issues, health & safety issues, emergency situations, traffic disruption and social issues. Anticipated impacts during operational stage will include water pollution, air pollution, soil contamination, ecological disturbance, solid waste generation, occupational health & safety issues and emergency situations. The positive impacts of the project include, improved water supply system, improved sewerage system, improvement in public health, hygiene and sanitation, landscape, economic development, employment generation, development of deprived villages, formation of model villages, synergetic development with cooperation of NGOs, CBOs and other organizations. 8. Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan Recommended mitigation measures to control potential adverse impacts are described in this Environmental and Social and Management Plan (ESMP). ESMP shall become the part of construction contract agreement and shall be strictly enforced during the implementation of the proposed project. The proponent PIMU-PRMSC will be responsible for compliance of with environmental and social safeguard requirements of the proposed project. The proposed project activities will be monitored and managed by the PIMU-PRMSC. The Environmental and Social Cell (ESC) staffed by qualified environmental and social specialists has already been established under PRSWSSP. The ESC will be the custodian of the ESMP. ESC will support ensuring the compliance of ESMP. ESC will submit progress reports for the implementation of the ESMP to WB and PEPA as per environmental approval/ NOC conditions for the PRSWSSP. 9. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) The Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) will be consistent with the requirements of the World Bank safeguard policies to ensure the mitigation of community concerns, risk management, and maximization of environmental and social benefits. The overall objective of Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 6 the GRM is therefore to provide a robust system of procedures and processes that provides for transparent and rapid resolution of concerns and complaints identified at the village level. The PIMU at the Local Government & Community Development Department (LG&CDD) level will serve as the Secretariat for the Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC Directorate) that will be responsible for providing oversight on the entire GRM process at a strategic level and monitoring complaints management. The complaints may be lodged through: • Tracking complainant(s) from subprojects sites (field and community level) to PIMU; • Dedicated staff to update the database routinely; • Promote transparency, publicize how complaints are being handled, and periodically evaluate the overall functioning of the mechanism; • Processes for informing stakeholders about the status of a case; and • Procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes, including the periodic reports, from Village and Tehsil and document them into the monthly progress reports at PIMU. GR (Village level) will be responsible to receive, log, and resolve complaints at the village level. The Grievance Redress Committee at the village Panchayats will review and identify actions to be taken to address the complaints at its weekly meeting. If not resolved timely then complaint would be referred to GRC-Tehsil Level (SDU-TO) within 3 days after receiving. GRC-SDU-TO will try to resolve the complaints in a satisfactory manner anyhow, if not satisfactorily resolved by the village panchayats/councils and Tehsil level, then the grievance will be referred for consideration by GRC at the PIMU/LG&CDD level within one week. Every effort will be made to address or resolve grievances within the following fixed timelines, which will be an indicator of the performance of the handling system. Acknowledgment of a written submission will be issued to the complainant within three working days. If the complainant is not satisfied, the complaint will have the option to seek redress through the court of law. 10. Environmental Budget The total estimated cost for the implementation of ESMP is worked out to be about PKR 88.642 million. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 7 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General The Local Government & Community Development Department (LG&CDD), Government of Punjab, through its Punjab Rural Municipal Services Company (PRMSC), a company registered under section 42 of “The Companies Act 2017”, is implementing Punjab Rural Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation Project (PRSWSSP)” in 2000 villages in 16 tehsils of Punjab with the proposed assistance of the World Bank. To implement this project, Executive Committee of National Economic Council (ECNEC) has authorized Punjab Rural Municipal Services Company (PRMSC) to initially implement this project in 200 villages as pilot phase (Annex-1) to understand feasibility and sustainability of the Project. For the purpose, PRMSC has divided the 16 tehsils into 6 clusters based on geographical location and hired the services of 6 Engineering Design and Supervisory Consultants (EDCS) for the proposed project titled “Consultancy Services for Engineering Design and Construction Supervision of Punjab Rural Sustainable Water Supply & Sanitation Project (PRSWSS). Moreover, to fast track the implementation of the project EDCS consultants were directed to prioritize villages in each cluster herein referred as “priority villages”. The feasibility and engineering design of other villages will be done as per the schedule defined in the terms of reference of the EDCS consultants. Table 1 indicates number of pilot villages and priority villages in selected tehsils: Table 1 : Project Area Details Name of Pilot Priority Cluster Consultant Tehsil Villages Villages Asian Consulting Bahawalnagar 22 2 South-I Engineers Khairpur Tamewali 12 2 Alipur 10 - JERS Consultancy South-II Karor Pacca 11 5 Pvt. Ltd. Shuja Abad 12 - Liaqatpur 19 6 South- NESPAK Rojhan 8 - III Taunsa 13 - Ahmad Pur Sial 10 - Central- NESPAK Bhawana 13 5 I Darya Khan 9 - Central- Osmani & Pakpattan 24 3 II Company Pvt. Ltd. Isa Khel 10 - Techno Consult Kalar Kahar 8 2 North International Kot Momin 10 1 Noorpur Thal 9 - Total 200 26 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 8 It should be noted that the term priority village only denotes that the project schemes have been designed for the particular village ahead of other villages. However, it should not be construed that such villages will be given preference over others in any way. As such, all the 200 identified villages for the project will have equal level of project support at the end. The goal of PRSWSSP is to improve sanitation conditions, provide clean drinking water, improve living conditions through solid waste management, behavior change, and capacity building for the sustainability of the project in rural settlements of Punjab. This Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared for the 26 priority villages of the proposed project in line with World Bank Operational Policies (OPs) and Environmental Social & Management Framework (ESMF) for PRSWSSP. The current study covers various impacts of the design, construction, and operation of water supply, sewerage, and solid waste management facilities. 1.2 Project Background Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan with 110 million inhabitants out of which 70 million population resides in rural areas2. Despite being the largest province with reference to population, the people living in rural areas of Punjab have been deprived of improved water and sanitation facilities for so long which contribute to child stunting, malnutrition and water borne diseases. Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report, 20203 reveals that 4 out of 5 people live below the international poverty line in rural areas. Studies conducted in different periods of time have linked improved water and sanitation facilities with the alleviation of poverty and urged governments to provide high-quality water and sanitation facilities in order to uplift the people from the marshes of poverty and devastating socio-economic conditions. Despite making significant efforts by the people at the helm of the affairs in Pakistan to improve the prevailing situation, 44% population of Punjab still does not have access to improved water and sanitation facilities as per globally established standards. Reports show that 3 in 5 households in Punjab use E-Coli contaminated water and every 25th household in Punjab lacks access to the improved sources of drinking water. Similarly, the situation of sanitation is also immensely deplorable. Through various studies, it has been proven that poor condition of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) not only affects the health of masses, but it also adversely affects the economic growth of the region. Recently, a number of mega initiatives have been launched by the Government, and international organizations in the urban areas of all provinces of Pakistan for the improvement of water and sanitation but the rural areas still remain neglected. Rural settlements of Punjab, which hold 73% of the province’s population living in 23,000 revenue villages, are in dire need of investments to improve WASH. 2 https://pwd.punjab.gov.pk/population_profile 3 https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity-2020 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 9 Outcomes of various studies and sector assessments have identified requirements for improving climate resilience and planned economic growth of 2,000 villages that will be part of the project. Poverty, water contamination, stunting, and sanitation condition of the areas have been taken as basic parameters for the selection of project sites/tehsils. The Government of Punjab, with the assistance of the World Bank, will finance complete detailed engineering designs through Engineering, Design & Supervision Consultancy Services (EDCS) under the pilot phase project in the revenue villages of six (06) Geographical based Clusters of selected districts. The services will assist in; (i) design documentation, including Sub-scheme/Project Document (PC-I), Bill of Quantities, for water supply and sanitation services to achieve economies of scale and desired results, and (ii) resident supervision of infrastructure development. The PRMSC has adopted the approach of prioritizing the design for few villages, to fast track the implementation of the project in each cluster. Names of the priority villages are listed in table 2. Table 2: Location and Name of Priority Villages in Different Tehsils Cluster District Tehsils Priority Villages Arifabad Center-I Pakpattan Dhaku Chishti Pakpattan Sochan Chak 190 Chak 192 Center-II Chiniot Bhawana Chak 199 Chak 221 Chak 226 Kallar kahar Makhyal Chakwal Gahi North Kot Momin Naseerpur Khurd Sargodha Chak M Zaman Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar Chak Sadiq Nagar South-I Khairpur Sheikh Wahan Bhawalpur Tamewali ISA Choki Rangu Khan Chowki Soba South-II Kahror Pakka Khan Lodhran Dhora Mahar Gulhar Muhammad Pur Chak 5 South-III Liaqatpur Chak 17 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 10 Cluster District Tehsils Priority Villages Chak 25 Chak 26 Chak 29 Rahim Yar Khan Chak 30 The anticipated environmental and social impacts of the project in the selected twenty six (26) priority villages are mostly localized, site-specific and temporary; which could be easily mitigated through appropriate mitigation measures. According to the findings of the Environmental and Social Screening study, this project falls in Category E2 and requires an ESMP. As per Punjab Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA), review of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations 2022, Schedule- II, EIA is required for ‘Water Supply, Sewerage System and Treatment (Category F). The EIA is being separately carried out, to be submitted to the PEPA. The pertinent approval from PEPA will be granted in due course. 1.3 Objective of ESMP The objective of this ESMP is the identification of possible environmental and social impacts of the proposed project on both short and long-term bases. Based on the level and nature of these observations, the ESMP delineates proper mitigation measures. As a planning tool, the ESMP aims to ensure that environmental, socio-economic, and cultural issues throughout the entire project lifecycle are anticipated and considered by the project proponent. It also serves as a framework for establishing project controls to reduce or prevent adverse environmental or socio-economic impacts. The specific objectives of this ESMP are: • To assess the existing environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the project area; • To identify potential impacts of the proposed interventions on the environmental, ecological, and social aspects of the project area, to predict and evaluate these impacts and determine their significance; • To propose appropriate mitigation measures that should be incorporated in the design of the project to avoid or minimize (if cannot eliminate) the potentially adverse impacts; • To assess the compliance status of the proposed activities with respect to the national and provincial environmental legislation and WB's OPs; • To provide institutional, monitoring, reporting, and documentation measures for environmental safeguards compliance; and estimated costs for implementing these measures; and • To aid decision-makers in taking informed decisions. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 11 1.4 Scope of ESMP The ESMP identifies the potentially significant impacts of the proposed project and suggests the applicable mitigation measures to avoid, minimize or reduce the magnitude of the impacts. It will also indicate the institutional and training requirements to implement mitigation measures during the construction and operation of the proposed project. The current ESMP presents a preliminary roadmap for the environment and social management for the construction and operation of the water supply scheme, sewerage network and sewage treatment plant (STP) in all twenty-six (26) selected priority villages of 8 tehsils. 1.5 Contractual Requirements/ Obligations of ESMP The impacts and their mitigation measures, summarized in ESMP, will be part of the Bidding Documents to ensure that Contractors implement ESMP recommendations at all project stages. The ESMP requirements will be part of the Contract and the details prescribed in the ESMP will be mandatory. The ESMP will be equally applicable to Subcontractors, including nominated Subcontractors (if any). At the stage of the bidding process, the Contractor will be instructed to carefully consider the requirements for environmental and social management contained in this ESMP when preparing the bid and pricing the items of Work. The Contractor will need to accept that the prescriptions and clauses detailed in the ESMP are an integral part of the Contract for relevant items of Work; unless separate items are included in the Bill of Quantities (BoQs). The Contractor will need to accept that separate payment will not be made in respect to compliance with the ESMP. The Contractor should, therefore, be aware that in case the Contractor or Subcontractors fail to implement the ESMP recommendations, the Engineer shall take necessary action(s) to ensure that the ESMP is properly implemented and/or to rectify the damages caused by such negligence. 1.6 Approach & Methodology to Work 1.6.1 Approach The study has been conducted in accordance World Bank Safeguards policies (OP 4.01, OP 4.04, OP 4.11, OP 4.12, OP 4.20 & BP 17.50) applicable to this project. Further, Punjab Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) guidelines were also considered in preparation of this document. The study is based on both primary and secondary data and information. The primary data includes data collected from field i.e., information about existing conditions; environmental sampling and analyses for air, water and noise; environmental sensitive receptors, ecological survey; social survey including demographic characteristics, income dependency & quality of life, occupation, and social amenities etc. The secondary data includes a review of relevant information from literature and previous reports. Discussions were held with stakeholders including government officials, community representatives and a Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 12 wide range of local communities. The main purpose of this approach was to obtain an impartial impression of the people’s perceptions of the project and its environmental and social impacts. The assessment remains subject to change with respect to the finalization of technical specifications and alignment of the proposed sewer, water supply lines & location of overhead tanks, pumping station, and STP. 1.6.2 Methodology The following methodology was adopted to develop the ESMP of the proposed Project: A. Orientation Meetings and discussions were held among the members of the ESMP Consulting Team. This activity is aimed at achieving a common ground of understanding various issues of the Study. B. Data Collection Planning Subsequent to the concept clarification and understanding obtained in the preceding step, a detailed data acquisition plan was developed for the internal use of the ESMP Consulting Team. The plan included; identification of specific data requirements and their sources; determination of time schedules and responsibilities for their collection and the indication of the logistics and other supporting needs for the execution of the data acquisition plan. Field surveys were then conducted based on the data collection plan. C. Detailed Field Survey Detailed site visits and technical visits for environmental monitoring and social assessment for the collection of data were conducted in December, 2022. The data collected from the field include: • Identification of environmentally sensitive receptors including air-sensitive receivers, noise-sensitive receivers, and water bodies expected to receive pollutant load; • Sampling and analysis for air, noise wastewater, and groundwater; • Ecological survey; • Socioeconomic survey including public consultation; • Stakeholders’ consultations; D. Sampling & Analysis of Physical Environmental Parameters EPA Certified Laboratories (i.e. Pak Green, Green Environmental Monitoring and ASIAN Laboratories) were hired for environmental monitoring. The Laboratories were mobilized from December 2022 to January 2023 for collection of water and wastewater samples as well as air and noise monitoring. E. Review of Secondary Data Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 13 Previous environmental and social soundness assessment for 16 tehsils was collected in order to gain a complete understanding of existing environmental conditions of the area including: • Physical environment: topography, geology, soils, surface and groundwater resources, and climate; • Biological environment: flora and fauna (particularly rare or endangered species), critical habitats/zones, and vegetation communities within the project area; • Socio-economic environment: settlements, socio-economic conditions, infrastructure, and land use. • Heritage aspects: sites of cultural, archaeological, or historical significance. F. Review of Environmental and Social Laws and Institutional Requirements The project needs to comply with all the applicable national and provincial environmental and social policies, laws, guidelines, acts, and legislations and World Bank’s Operational Policies (OPs) requirements. All these requirements and policies were reviewed. G. Area of influence (AoI) Considering the project interventions simultaneously in primary settlement as well as number of secondary settlements of revenue village, the whole revenue village is demarcated as aera of influence of the sub project. H. Environmental and Social Baseline Survey of the Project Environmental and social surveys were carried out within the AoI to establish the baseline of the project area from December 2022 to January 2023. Prior to the start of field activities, comprehensive checklists, proformas, and maps were developed to gather the following information: (i) Physical Environment The following information was acquired for the establishment of the physical environment baseline: • Topography; • Water resources (including available surface and groundwater resources and natural streams, hydrology, water supply, water contamination etc.); • Climate data (including temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, direction etc.); • Water, surface water, ambient air quality and noise level monitoring data; • Existing water supply and sewerage systems; • Seismology; • Geology • Environmental Sensitive Receptors. (ii) Ecological Environment Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 14 • Flora (trees, herbs, shrubs, grasses, and overall vegetation including valuable or rare trees and their loss due to implementation of the Project, etc.); • Fauna/ Wildlife (Mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and avifauna.); • Reserved forests, Guzara forests, Community forests/ Private forests, and wildlife sensitive or notified areas in AoI; • Migratory birds’ corridors; and • Endangered species (both flora and fauna). (iii) Socio-Economic Environment Analysis is carried out on the basis of secondary data within the AoI in order to develop the socio-economic baseline information of the general settled population. Data and analyses of pertinent socio-economic parameters were revalidated in the socio-economic baseline survey of the sample population settled within the AoI. These aspects include the following: • Demographic characteristics; • Nature of business/occupation; • Livelihood/income; • Living standard of the population; • Community Institution available; • Gender issues; • Housing construction patterns; • Mode of transport; • Basic amenities of the project area; • Health facilities/ Educational facilities. I. Stakeholder Consultations There are two categories of stakeholders in the project: • Community stakeholder • Institutional stakeholder For the current study, community stakeholder consultations were carried out through following techniques: • Formal/ informal meetings (through village numberdars, politically influentials, community resource persons) • Individual interviews • Group Discussions The institutional stakeholder consultation session was carried out by holding meetings at the offices of relevant government functionaries. The study teams met with the institutional stakeholders, affected persons and local communities in and around the project area. The objective of the consultation was to disseminate information on the project and its expected impact, long-term as well as short-term, among primary and secondary stakeholders and to gather information on relevant issues so that the feedback received could be used to address these issues at an early stage. Stakeholder consultation is discussed in detail in chapter 5. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 15 J. Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures A logical and systematic approach was adopted for impact identification and assessment. The process began during the screening and continued through scoping which identified the key issues and classified them into different categories. The tools were used for impact assessment, through environmental and social screening checklists for impact assessment of construction and operational phase. Identification of potential environmental and social impacts in terms of their nature, magnitude, extent, location, timing, and duration was carried out. The impacts were correlated to the Project location, design stage, construction as well as operation stage. Based on the impacts prediction methods and as a result of public/stakeholder consultations, ESMP team screened the adverse environmental and social impacts for inclusion in the mitigation measures and environmental and social management plan. ESMP team proposed practicable, economically feasible and socially acceptable mitigation measures for the significant adverse environmental and social impacts. Details of mitigation measures are provided in chapter 6. 1.7 Structure of ESMP The structure of this ESMP is listed below: Section 1: Introduction briefly presents the project background, objectives, methodology and need of the study. Section 2: Legal and Administrative Framework Lists national as well as provincial laws, regulations and procedures and applicable World Bank Operational Policies (OPs). Section 3: Project Description provides an overall description of the project including proposed networks, design considerations and concepts, manpower requirement, waste generation, machinery and material requirements. Section 4: Baseline Profile gives a description of baseline physical, biological and socio- economic conditions of the project area. Section 5: Public Consultation and Information Disclosure identify the main stakeholders and their concerns raised during scoping sessions and deal with the measures to mitigate the social impacts. Section 6: Anticipated Environmental and Social Impacts and their Mitigations Measures identify, predict, and evaluate the impacts of the project activities during the construction and operation stages and deal with the measures proposed to mitigate potential environmental impacts of the proposed project. Section 7: Environmental and Social Management & Monitoring Plan This section outlines the organizational framework, mitigation, and monitoring plans, and training requirements, defines roles and responsibilities and estimates budget requirements for satisfactory implementation. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 16 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORK 2.1 General This section deals with the current environmental policy as well as legal and administrative framework required to develop Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed interventions in selected priority villages of 16 tehsils. All relevant provisions of environmental policies laid down by the Government of Pakistan, Government of Punjab along with applicable World Bank Policies have been duly discussed and the project proponent will be required to adhere to these regulations throughout the course of the project. The institutional arrangement for compliance to these laws has been described in ESMP (Section 7). Title of Document Document No. Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 4533-04 17 2.2 Summary of Key National Strategies, Policies, Acts and Legislation The summary of key national strategies, policies, acts and legislation from environmental perspective are briefly described in Table 3 below: Table 3: Key National Strategies / Policies, Legislation / Acts, Laws and Regulations and Their Relevance to the Project Sr. Policy/Strategy Brief Coverage Relevance to project No. An act to provide compensation to family’s loss occasioned by the The provisions of this act would be death of a person caused by actionable wrong. It is enacted as follows: applicable if any fatal accident occurs during • Suit for compensation to the family of a person for loss the execution of construction works for the Fatal Accidents Act 1 occasioned to it by his death by actionable wrong proposed Project. 1855 • Not more than one suit to be brought • Plaintiff shall deliver particulars etc. • Interpretation clause It authorizes fines, imprisonment or both for voluntary corruption or The provisions of the Penal Code are fouling of public springs or reservoirs so as to make them less fit for applicable to the project in terms of penalties Pakistan Penal Code 2 ordinary use. for effecting human lives and public 1860 property. It also addresses the control of noise, air emissions, and effluent disposal. The primary law for acquisition of land for public purposes in Pakistan No land acquisition will be carried out is the “Land Acquisition Act, 1894”. The Land Acquisition Act, 1894, is through the provisions of this Act under the Land Acquisition Act, a “law for the acquisition of land needed for public purposes and for project. State owned land will be preferred 3 1894 (Including Later companies and for determining the amount of compensation to be paid and used for the construction of overhead Amendments) on account of such acquisition”. The exercise of the power of tanks, pumping stations & STP. Private land acquisition has been limited to public purposes. will be obtained through VLD, if required. Protection of Trees This act will be applicable to the proposed This Act prohibits cutting or lopping of trees and brushwood without 4 and Brushwood Act, project in term of Tree Cutting which lies in permission of the Forest Department. 1949 jurisdiction of Forest Department. The protection of cultural resources in Pakistan is ensured by the The provisions of this act would be Pakistan Antiquities 5 Antiquities Act of 1975, which provides a comprehensive definition of applicable if any accidental archaeological Act 1975 Antiquities. The law prohibits new construction in the proximity of a discoveries occur during the excavation Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 18 Sr. Policy/Strategy Brief Coverage Relevance to project No. protected antiquity and empowers the Government to prohibit works for the construction of proposed excavation in any area which may contain articles of archaeological Project. significance. Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) is the principal policy The core areas that are relevant in the document on environmental issues in the Country. The NCS outlines context of the proposed project are pollution the Country’s primary approach towards encouraging sustainable prevention during construction, conserving, National Conservation development, conserving natural resources and improving efficiency biodiversity and supporting forestry and 6 Strategy 1992 in the use and management of resources. The NCS has 68 specific plantation. programs in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is considered crucial for the preservation of Pakistan’s natural and physical environment. These guidelines are applicable for the preparation of the EIA / ESMP. During the The Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance 1997 requires preparation of the ESMP, public public participation during the review of an EIA (Section 12(3)). The consultations were carried out for: “Policy and procedures for the filing, review and approval of • informing the stakeholders about what Guidelines for Public environmental assessments” requires proponents to consult with the 7 is proposed; Consultation, 1997 affected community and relevant NGO’s during the preparati on of an • providing an opportunity for those environmental report. otherwise unrepresented to present The objectives of public involvement include: their views and values, therefore • allowing more sensitive consideration of mitigation measures and tradeoffs These guidelines describe the format and content of IEE/EIA reports These guidelines are applicable for the to be submitted to Provincial EPA/EPD for obtaining NOC. preparation of the EIA. The guidelines present: Guidelines for Review • The environmental assessment report format; and Preparation of 8 • Assessing impacts; Environmental • Mitigation and impact management and preparing an Reports, 1997 environmental management plan; • Reporting; • Review and decision making; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 19 Sr. Policy/Strategy Brief Coverage Relevance to project No. • Monitoring and auditing; and Project Management. The National Sanitation Policy of Pakistan, 2006, stresses on the safe This policy is applicable to the project for the disposal of excreta away from the dwellings, creation of an open efficient management of solid waste or National Sanitation defecation-free environment and, promotion of health and hygienic wastewater during construction or operation 9 Policy, 2006 practices in the country. phase of the project. This project primarily focused on provision of improve sanitation services in target areas. Protection Against The Protection Against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act This Act will be applicable to the project if Harassment of Women refers to sexual harassment at the workplace. women are employed for the construction of 10 at the Workplace Act, the proposed Project or women living in near 2010 vicinity of the project area. This Act prohibits corruption or fouling of water in canals (defined to This act is applicable to the project for the Canal and Drainage include channels, tube wells, reservoirs and watercourses), or efficient management of wastewater 11 Act 1873 and obstruction of drainage. disposal during the construction or Amendment Act, 2016 operation phase of the project. This act is applicable to the proposed The Ordinance establishes a new tier of local government at the Punjab Local project, village councils is informed about village level called Village Councils, which incorporated the main Government the project and will remain in contact during 12 functions of village panchayats prescribed in the Panchayats and (Amendment) the construction or operation phase of the Neighborhoods Councils Act, 2019 (PVPNCA 2019) with regards to Ordinance 2021 project. water, sanitation, and waste management. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 20 2.3 Key Provincial Strategies / Policies, Legislation / Acts, Laws and Regulations The provincial policies, strategies, acts and laws relevant for the environmental safeguard of the project activities are given below in Table 4. After the 18th amendment to the constitution of Pakistan, many subjects, including environmental protection and pollution prevention, have been devolved to the provincial jurisdiction. Therefore, the apex environmental statute governing the proposed project will be the Punjab Environmental Protection Act 1997. However, detailed rules, regulations and guidelines required for the implementation of the policies and enforcement of legislation are still in various stages of formulation and discussion. The following description presents a brief overview of the relevance of various existing provincial policies, legislation and guidelines. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 21 Table 4:Key Provincial strategies / policies, legislation / Acts, Laws and Regulations and Their Relevance to the Project Sr. Strategies / Policies Brief Coverage Relevance to project No. / Legislations / Acts / Laws & Regulations Punjab Land Revenue WHEREAS it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law relating to the making All the land required for the Act, 1967 and maintenance of records-of-rights, the assessment and collection of land- project, be it public or private, will 1 revenue, the appointment and functions of Revenue Officers and other matters be transferred in the name of connected with the Land Revenue Administration in the Province of the Punjab, or PRMSC under the provisions of incidental thereto this Act Punjab Plantation and The Punjab Plantation and Maintenance of Trees Act, (1974) regulates tree This act would be implemented if Maintenance of Trees plantations and enforces measures for their protection. The requirements of this any tree cutting activity involved 2 Act, 1974 act are applicable in terms of planting new trees and their maintenance by the during construction. owner of the proposed Project land who would have the physical possession. The Punjab Wildlife This act provides for the protection, preservation, conservation and management This policy is to avoid any (Protection, of wildlife in the Province of Punjab. This act defines the wildlife sanctuary, game disturbance to ecological system reservation, reserves, protected areas, and national parks. It also defines the rules and near project area due to 3 Conservation & responsibilities of the relevant authorities and the relevant personnel to protect construction activities. Management) Act, ecological resources. It also describes the penalties and punishments on offenses 1974 against the sections given in the act. Punjab Land This Law provides for the acquisition of land needed for public purposes and for State land will be preferred and Acquisition Rules, Companies, and determines the amount of compensation to be made on account used for the construction of 1983 of such acquisition. It also establishes the due process for land acquisition. overhead tanks, pumping stations 4 & STP. However, Private land if required will be acquired through VLD in this project. The Motor Vehicles Subject to the provisions of this Act, and the rules and regulations, no person shall During Construction all these rules Rules, 2000 operate a motor vehicle from which air pollutants or noise are being emitted in an will be followed to avoid emission 5 amount, concentration or level which is in excess of the National Environmental of air pollutant from vehicles. Quality Standards, or where applicable the standards customary under clause (g) of sub-section (I) of section 6. Guidelines and Post the adoption of the 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2011, the subject of All projects to be implemented in 6 Checklists adopted by environment was devolved and the provinces have been empowered for Punjab must comply with PEQS environmental protection and conservation. The Punjab Environmental Protection Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 22 Sr. Strategies / Policies Brief Coverage Relevance to project No. / Legislations / Acts / Laws & Regulations Government of Punjab Act, 1997 (as Amended upto 2022) is comprehensive legislation and provides the during all the phases i.e., after 18th Amendment legislative framework for protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement construction and operation. of the environment. The „environment‟ has been defined in the Act as: (a) air, water No Objection Certificate (NOC) and land; (b) all layers of the atmosphere; (c) all organic and inorganic matter and shall be required from Punjab living organisms; (d) the ecosystem and ecological relationships; (e) buildings, Environmental Protection Agency structures, roads, facilities and works; (f) all social and economic conditions (PEPA) before commencement of affecting community life; and (g) the interrelationships between any of the factors construction. specified in sub-clauses „a‟ to „f‟. Punjab Drinking Water The overall objective of Punjab's Water Policy is to provide clear policy directions This policy is applicable and Policy 2011 to the Government of Punjab on the sustainable management and development drinking water supply will be 7 of water from all sources of water (surface water, groundwater and rainwater), for designed according to this policy all sub-sectors of water use (domestic, stock water, agriculture, industry). guidelines. Punjab Environmental According to Section-31 of the Punjab Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (XXXIV This is applicable to dispose of a Tribunal Rules, 2012 of 1997), the Tribunal shall make every effort to dispose of a complaint or an appeal complaint or an appeal or other or other proceedings regarding environmental problems associated with the proceedings regarding construction and development of any project within sixty days from the date of filing environmental problems 8 of the complaint, appeal or other proceedings but any decision of the Tribunal shall associated with the construction not be rendered invalid by reason of any delay in the disposal of complaint, appeal and development of any project or other proceedings. within sixty days from the date of filing of the complaint, appeal or other proceedings. Punjab Antiquities The Punjab Antiquities Amendment Act, 2012 is adopted from the Pakistan The law will be applicable to the Amendment Act, 2012 Antiquities Act of 1975 with a few minor changes. proposed project mainly due to its provision that „any construction activity within 61 meter or 200 ft. of 11 protected antiquities, are prohibited‟. The provisions of this act would also be applicable, if any accidental archaeological discoveries may occur during the Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 23 Sr. Strategies / Policies Brief Coverage Relevance to project No. / Legislations / Acts / Laws & Regulations excavation works for the construction of proposed Project. Punjab Local The dispute may be brought to the Musalihat Anjuman. The Musaliheen shall make The provisions of this rule would Government every reasonable effort in encouraging and assisting the parties in arriving at an be applicable, if any dispute occur Musalihat Anjuman amicable settlement but for this purpose shall not impose, coerce or try to dictate during the execution of proposed 12 (Constitution and terms for any specific resolution of the dispute. Project. The GRM under the Functions) Rules, project will also be aligned 2016 accordingly. Punjab Environmental In exercise of the powers conferred under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section These standards are applicable in Quality Standards 4 of the Punjab Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (XXXIV of 1997), the compliance with all the Punjab (PEQS), 2016 Environmental Protection Council has approved the Punjab Environmental Quality Environmental Quality standards Standards (PEQS), 2016. They endow information on the permissible limits for of different Environmental 13 discharges of municipal and industrial effluent parameters and industrial gaseous Parameters during Construction emissions in order to regulate environmental pollution. Results of environmental and operational phase. monitoring (ambient air, water and noise) conceded out at different locations in study area are compared with PEQS values and are conversed in later chapter of the report. The Punjab Flood This act regulates construction in the flood plains in the Punjab. According to this Construction work will be carried Plain Regulation Act, act, no construction can be carried out in flood plains without prior approval in out in underground for installing of 14 2016 writing from canal officer. water supply lines and sewerage lines. Punjab Restriction on According to the sub-section 11(a) of this act, an occupier who employs or permits This act will trigger if any Employment of a child (person under the age of 15 years) to work in an establishment shall be contractor hires skilled and 15 Children Act, 2016 liable to punishment with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, unskilled labor under the age of but which shall not be less than seven days, and a mandatory fine between 10,000 15. This would be prohibited in the and 50,000 rupees. project Punjab Protection of This act counters gender-based discrimination, violence against women, and This Act will be applicable to the Women against economic and social empowerment of women. This act will entail if gender-based project if women are employed for 16 Violence Act, 2016 violence observed in the project area during construction phase. the construction of the proposed Project or women living in near vicinity of the project area. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 24 Sr. Strategies / Policies Brief Coverage Relevance to project No. / Legislations / Acts / Laws & Regulations Punjab Tehsil / Town According to Chapter VIII-A Occupational Safety &Hazard All the mentioned clauses will be municipal Clause 50 A Workplace Safety and clause 50 B pertains to responsibilities of the applicable on construction 17 Administration Local Government Engineer related to health and safety. labor/workers/ and sewer (Works) rules, 2003 men/sanitary workers during (amendments, 2016) execution of subprojects. Punjab Environmental Post the adoption of the 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2011, the subject of All projects to be implemented in Protection Act 1997 environment was devolved and the provinces have been empowered for Punjab must comply with PEQS (Amended 2022) environmental protection and conservation. The Punjab Environmental Protection during all the phases i.e., Act, 1997 (as Amended up to 2022) is comprehensive legislation and provides the construction and operation. legislative framework for protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement No Objection Certificate (NOC) 18 of the environment. The „environment‟ has been defined in the Act as: (a) air, water shall be required from Punjab and land; (b) all layers of the atmosphere; (c) all organic and inorganic matter and Environmental Protection Agency living organisms; (d) the ecosystem and ecological relationships; (e) buildings, (PEPA) before commencement of structures, roads, facilities and works; (f) all social and economic conditions construction. affecting community life; and (g) the interrelationships between any of the factors specified in sub-clauses „a‟ to „f‟. Punjab Policy on The Punjab Environmental Protection Department issued this policy on controlling During construction and Controlling Smog, smog in 2017 It imposed a complete ban on open burning of rice stubble, solid operational phases all PEQS will 2017 waste and other hazardous materials. It focuses the reasons behind the formation be followed in accordance with to 19 of dense smog in the Punjab, especially in Lahore and its environs, on the onset compliance and to minimize of winters each year and provide a short and medium to long term plan, including pollution load to control smog. measure for protection of school going children; minimizing road accidents and creating mass awareness on precautionary measures for citizens at large. Punjab Labor Policy, The Punjab Labor Policy, 2018 intends to guide and support the Government and The labor policy will be relevant as 2018 the stakeholders in developing strategies, plans and programs for the protection it will deal with the protection of and promotion of the rights and benefits of working community without jeopardizing labor. Mitigation and 20 the genuine concerns of the employers. enhancement measures have been proposed in this ESMP to ensure proper working conditions for project labor. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 25 Sr. Strategies / Policies Brief Coverage Relevance to project No. / Legislations / Acts / Laws & Regulations Punjab Growth The document endorses Punjab’s health sector vision and strategy, which This strategy will be adopted in 21 Strategy 2018 emphasizes improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene services to prevent design of proposed project. communicable diseases. Punjab Occupational This law was enacted to ensure occupational safety and health of the persons at This act will be applicable to the Safety and Health Act, workplace. It aims at protection of workers against risks arising out of the proposed project in term of the 22 2019 occupational hazards and to promote safe and healthy working environment health and safety during the catering to the physiological and psychological needs of the employees at construction and operational workplace. phases of the project. Punjab Water Act An Act to comprehensively manage and regulate water resources in the Punjab in This act will be applicable to the 2019 the interest of conservation and sustainability. It is expedient to provide for proposed project. The drinking 23 comprehensive management of all water resources in the Punjab and to regulate water supply will be designed in their use in the interest of conservation and sustainability and matters connected light of PWA, 2019. with and ancillary thereto. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 26 2.4 Applicable World Bank Policies 2.4.1 World Bank Operational Policies The World Bank operational policies applicable to the project and its compliance mechanism, are summarized in the description below Safeguard Triggered Explanation Policies Under this OP, the World Bank requires environmental Environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank’s financing Assessment (OP to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and Yes 4.01) sustainable and thus to improve decision making through appropriate analysis of actions and of their likely environmental impacts Natural Habitats This OP is not triggered. No (OP/BP 4.04) The sub-project does not lie in any near any cultural and heritage resource therefore OP 4.11 will not be triggered. Physical Cultural No The possible discovery of archaeological sites or random Resource OP/4.11 findings during the excavation and earthworks may occur. In such case, this OP will trigger. OP 4.12 is not triggered as the sub-project does not require Yes Involuntary any land acquisition, therefore there will be no involuntary (Not relevant Resettlement resettlement, livelihood impacts, or restrictions to access. for 26 OP/4.12 Consequently, there is no need of a Resettlement Action villages) Plan. Forests (OP/BP The sub-project area does not fall under forest area and will No 4.36) not affect any forest. So, this OP is not triggered. The World Bank’s Policy on Disclosure of Information is to be open about its activities and to welcome and seek out opportunities to explain its work to the widest possible audience. The Bank has broadened the scope of information about its activities that it makes publicly available. The Bank has established the Info-Shop at headquarters, plus regional Public Information Centers (PICs), to serve individuals Access to seeking to obtain Bank information. In addition, Country information (BP Offices are encouraged to establish modest PIC services for Yes 17.50) their country clientele. This policy is triggered for sub- projects categorized as A and B. The developer consults project affected groups and local NGOs: a) during scoping and before TORs are prepared; b) when the draft EA is available; and c) throughout project implementation as necessary. The developer provides relevant information in a timely manner prior to consultation and in a form and language accessible to the groups being consulted. Projects on This policy will be triggered. The Project has got the PAD International cleared from Legal department. An exemption for notification Yes has been approved by the SAR VP. Waterways (OP 7.50) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 27 2.5 Managing the Risks of Adverse Impacts on Communities from Temporary Project Induced Labor Influx This guidance note provides guidance on identifying, assessing and managing the risks of adverse social and environmental impacts that are associated with the temporary influx of labor resulting from Bank supported projects. The guidance note contains guiding principles and recommendations to be considered as part of the design and implementation of projects with civil works that require labor from outside the project’s area of influence. 2.6 Environmental, Health & Safety Guidelines In addition to operational policies (OP), the WBG has also established its EHS guidelines for all the interventions that are financed by the group. These EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and sector-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). Following EHS guidelines are relevant to the proposed project during the construction and operation phase: EHS Guidelines for Water & Sanitation (2007): Issues associated water and sanitation are presented in the EHS Guidelines for Water and Sanitation (2007). EHS Guidelines for Construction Materials Extraction: Issues associated with sourcing of construction materials are presented in the EHS Guidelines for Construction Materials Extraction. 2.7 International Protocol/Conventions As Pakistan is a member of a number of international organizations such as United Nations Organization (UNO), Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) etc., so it has to follow the international protocols and obligations related to the environment. The major protocols, ratification dates by Pakistan and obligations related to the proposed project are provided in the Table 5 below. Table 5:International Agreements/Conventions Relevant to the Project Agreement/ Sr. No Ratification Description/Relevance Convention 1. UNESCO Convention on Pakistan ratified this This Convention requires parties to the Protection of the convention on 23 July adopt a general policy on the World’s Cultural and 1976. protection of the natural and Natural Heritage, 1972 cultural heritage, to set up services for such protection, to develop Web Link: scientific and technical studies, to http://whc.unesco.org/en/ take appropriate legal, technical, %20convention%20text/ scientific and administrative measures and to foster training and education for such protection. The proposed project design and ESS team paid due attention to archaeological sites and local norms. Both of these factors will Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 28 Agreement/ Sr. No Ratification Description/Relevance Convention also be considered during project implementation. 2. Convention on Pakistan signed this Convention on the Conservation of Conservation of Migratory convention in 1981 and Migratory Species deals with the Species of Wild Animals, ratified it in December conservation and protection of the 1979 1987. migratory species. Species https://www.cms.int/ covered in the Convention should be given special attention during EA and monitoring and any impacts identified should be mitigated to acceptable levels. 3. The Rio Declaration, 1992 Pakistan signed the The Rio Declaration comprises 27 treaty on 13Jun 1992 principles which address important Web Link: and ratified on 1 June issues such as; sustainable http://www.unesco.org/ed 1994 development to integrate ucation/pdf/RIO_E.PDF environmental protection into the development process; common but differentiated responsibilities to conserve, protect and restore the earth’s ecosystems; public participation and information access at the national level, reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption. 4. Convention on Biological Pakistan signed The Convention on the Biological Diversity, 1994 this treaty in 1992 and it Diversity (CBD) has three main Web Link: was ratified by cabinet goals: Conservation of biological https://www.cbd.int/ in 1994. diversity (or biodiversity); sustainable use of its components; and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. 2.8 Institution Responsible for Planning, Policies and Regulations 2.8.1 Environmental Protection Agency, Punjab Implementation of Punjab Environmental Protection Act 1997 (Amended 2012, 2017 & 2022) is the mandate of the Punjab-EPA. Punjab-EPA is headed by a Director General, and sections are headed by Directors, i.e., Director Technical, Director Administration and Finance, and Director Laboratory. Punjab-EPA has established District Environment Offices at district level. As the proposed Project falls in 16 different Tehsil of Punjab, therefore, Punjab-EPA will be responsible for reviewing the report, issuing environmental approval and overall monitoring of the proposed project activities. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 29 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Punjab Rural Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation Project (PRSWSSP)” is being implemented in 2000 villages in 16 tehsils of Punjab province with the assistance of the World Bank. To implement this project, Executive Committee of National Economic Council (ECNEC) has authorized Punjab Rural Municipal Services Company (PRMSC) to initially implement this project in 200 villages as pilot phase (Annex-1) to better understand feasibility and sustainability of the Project. Projects components are briefly described below: COMPONENT 1: Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure Development Component 1 will fill the infrastructure gap in the existing traditional rural Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) systems that underlies the low access to safely managed water and sanitation in rural Punjab. ➢ Subcomponent 1.1: Sanitation Infrastructure Development (US$ 310.1 million). This subcomponent will focus on fecal sludge collection, transference, treatment and disposal. ➢ Sub-component 1.2: Water Supply Infrastructure Development (US$ 157 million). The study on technology options and their feasibility informed the choice of technology for water abstraction, treatment, and conveyance. COMPONENT 2: Behavior Change and Capacity Development This component will finance activities that facilitate and induce health protective behavior change and build community capacity to support WSS service delivery. ➢ Subcomponent 2.1 Awareness raising and behavior change related to safe WASH practices The project will support basic hygiene, small-scale infrastructure to directly promote good hygiene practice and ➢ Subcomponent 2.2: Training and Capacity Building of Village-level Institutions Trainings will target village-level institutions that have a defined role in water and sanitation service provision. These will be complemented by household behavior change but are distinct, in that they will build the capacity of informal village level organizations to perform tasks that both complement and the O&M responsibilities assigned to Service Delivery Units (SDU). COMPONENT 3: Service delivery Improvement (US$ 50 million) ➢ Subcomponent 3.1: Establishing institutions and building capacity for service delivery The service delivery model of the project consists of three tiers: (i) a provincial SDU head office that has functions of both, the Project Implementation and Management Unit (PIMU) as the implementing body of the project and a public- Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 30 owned section 42 company. (ii) Tehsil level units that are on frontlines of service delivery; and (iii) Community Caretakers and Operators (CCO) that may be part of Village Councils, Village Organizations, or just village residents. ➢ Subcomponent 3.2: Solid Waste and Animal Waste Management Promoting the safe handling of solid waste is an integral aspect of the design of this project ➢ Subcomponent 3.3: Water Quality Monitoring The project will support a transition in Punjab towards regular and frequent water quality monitoring in rural areas for both drinking water supply and wastewater. COMPONENT 4: Project Management and Monitoring ➢ Subcomponent 4.1: Project Monitoring through a customized Management Information System The project will develop and use a comprehensive IT based Management Information System (MIS) to track project implementation progress, WSS service delivery performance, the flow of public and donor funds earmarked for WASH and related financial management information, and outcome indicators. ➢ Subcomponent 4.2: Strengthening of Project Implementation and Management Unit (PIMU) The key implementation tier will be the Project implementation and management unit (PIMU), which will be associated with the Department of Local Government and Community Development (LG&CD) – the implementing agency - and led by a full-time Project Director. PRMSC has divided the 16 tehsils into 6 zones based on geographical location and accordingly hired the services of 6 Engineering Design and Supervisory Consultants (EDCS) for the proposed project. In order to fast track the project implementation and execution of the civil works company with the help of consultant selected 26 priority villages out of 200 pilot villages from eight different tehsils for designing and provision of Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) facilities. The subproject involves provision of water supply, sewerage, overhead tanks & Pumping stations with sewage treatment plants in all twenty-six villages. 3.1 Need and Purpose of Project The underlying issues related to water supply and sewerage in the target villages are summarized below: Water Supply Issues: • No water supply Network in the villages; • Most of the household use shallow groundwater; • Shallow ground water is not fit for drinking; • Polluted drinking water is causing water borne diseases. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 31 Sewerage Issues: • Properly designed sewerage system does not exist in priority villages; • Existing open drains are damaged and do not cover the entire settlements; • No proper Disposal Point in all the villages; • Sewage collected in soakage pits and open plots seeps into ground and contaminates groundwater; • Raw sewage ponds are a breeding ground for disease vectors. Solid waste Issues: • There is no proper solid waste management system and designated dumping sites in the project area, locals usually throw their waste into open plots or streets. • There are heaps of waste which attract rodents, flies and disease vectors. • Organic waste is usually burnt by the villagers, which causes health issues. • Open drains are used as a garbage/solid waste disposal point thus resulting in decrease of water carrying capacity of these drains. • During rain, storm water and sewage overflow from the drains and spread solid waste through the area thus causing nuisance, environmental issues and spread of diseases. 3.2 Project Location Table 2 indicating the Cluster, District and tehsils of priority villages to understand the geographical location of the project, for further assistance of project location a map of relevant tehsils is shown in the figure 1. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 32 Figure 1: Location Map of Project Area 3.3 Objectives of Project The project development objective is to provide equitable and sustainable access to safely managed water and sanitation and reduce child stunting. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 33 3.4 Project Description Existing System The existing water and sewerage situation of the village is given below and Pictorial view is given in Plate 3.1. A. Existing Water Supply System There is no existing functional water supply system in any of the priority villages hence no water supply network exists here. At present, domestic boreholes are the main water source for the village which is available at a depth of around 50-75 ft. Deeper tube wells at depth of around 150 ft are also bored which are used for irrigation purposes. People bring drinking water from deep boreholes (outside of the village or even from nearby villages) if their village have brackish groundwater (i.e Bahawalnagar, Bhawana and Liaquatpur). Where the sweet water is available people collect water from deep borehole within their villages. Many villagers perceive that this water is unhygienic which results in major waterborne diseases like hepatitis, cholera and diarrhea. B. Existing Sewerage System There is no existing sewerage pipe network or disposal station in the villages. The sewerage system is totally based on open drains of varying sizes and capacities. The sewage is first collected in house collection chamber (soakage pits), which is then carried through existing open channels, drains and ultimately dispose of into nearest sewage pond and fields. Some of this sewage is also used to irrigate nearby crops/farmlands through water courses. A sewage pond exists in each village which is used as a main sewage recipient. Most of the drains dispose of into this pond and rest of the drains after collecting sewage from the adjacent areas disposed of into nearest fields haphazardly. C. Existing Solid Waste Solid waste management system and designated dumping sites are not available in the project area. The waste is usually dumped in the streets, agricultural fields or open plots. The heaps of waste cause nuisance and the situation gets worse during rainy season. The organic waste is burnt to meet the fuel demands in the kitchens. Glimpses of existing conditions are shown in Plate 3.1. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 34 Principal Settlement Chak 226 Pakhra Sultan Disty near Chak 190 Liaquatpur Liaquatpur View of existing drain along soling, Open Drain with Solid Waste Kahror Pakka Accumulation Kahror Pakka Soakage Pits in Chak 190, Bhowana Drain conveying water to Pond, Bhowana Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 35 Sewage Pond Bhowana Pumping of Wastewater for Irrigation Purposes, Bhowana Glimpse of Solid waste issue, Glimpse of Solid waste issue, Bhowana Bhowana Open Drains in Arifabad Village, Heaps of Solid Waste in Village Dahku Pakpattan Chishti, Pakpattan Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 36 Pictorial View of 3R Disty, Bhowana Lined Water course for Irrigation Purposes, Bhowana Sewage in unlined water course for Drinking Water Source for Chak 192, Irrigation purposes, Bhowana Bhowana Open Drain with Solid Waste Accumulation, Bhowana Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 37 Sewage Pond of Principal Settlement, Sewage Pond of Minor Settlement, Bhowana Bhowana Main Canal Jhang Branch near Chak Nullah No.1 Disty near Chak No. 199, No. 199, Bhowana Bhowana Open Sewrage Drains in Village Gahi, Open Solid Waste Disposal in Village Kalar Kahar Gahi, Kalar Kahar Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 38 Sewerage and Solid Waste Disposal Water Supply in Village Naseerpur of Village Naseerpur Khurd, Kot Khurd, Kot Momin Momin Plate 1: Glimpses of Existing site Conditions 3.4.1.1 Proposed System A. Water Supply System The project aims to improve the existing drinking water problems through provision of properly treated water as per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines through metered pipe supply network. The project will help to reduce the water consumption as company plans to charge tariff on the basis of volumetric consumption. This project will also help to discourage the installation of wells in individual households. A comprehensive behaviour change communication is one of the components of the project in which residents of the villages will be sensitized on the importance of water conservation. Moreover, it is expected the provision of safe drinking water at door step will help to improve the socio-economic conditions of the society by curbing the medical expenses and saving of time required to fetch water. Moreover, the man-hours lost due to illness caused by the water borne diseases can be reduced. PRMSC is hiring services of Independent third party to ensure the water quality through frequent testing of the treated water at end of treatment train as well as point of use. Water supply system can be characterized by following main components: • Water Source • Distribution System Water Source Number of tube wells for water supply system are proposed after assessment of total water demand of the project areas and where sustainable ground resources are available. The design criteria for tube wells are discussed in the following sections; Design Criteria for Tube wells An appropriate well design is a blend of hydraulic and economic efficiencies of the tube well over its life span. It includes the selection of the depth, diameter, construction materials (well Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 39 casings, screens, filter pack etc.), pump and prime mover in consonance with the local hydro- geological conditions and the design capacity. All these major factors depend upon the "design capacity" which in turn is governed by the aquifer's geometry and parameters. Capacity of the tube well is based upon the maximum day water requirements, for the served area, with design operational duration (working hours) of 12 hours per day. In order to design the well, the following major factors are considered: • Design, construction details, water quality of the existing tube wells; • Depth to water table under existing and future conditions; • Groundwater quality; • Aquifer parameters. Pumping Facilities Pumps are devices used to transfer water (or other liquids) from point A to point B with pressure to overcome the resistance along its path. It is important to understand the different types of pumps, their applications, design differences and the procedures used to operate and maintain them. Water Transmission System The transmission system's function is to transport water from source to the reservoir, if any, and to the distribution point. Water conduits for the transmission system may be canals, aqueducts or tunnels, free-flow pipelines, or pressure pipelines. The transmission of water is either under gravity or pumping. Pressure pipeline is generally the type of water conduit used for water supply transmission systems. Water Reservoirs In distribution systems, whether water is obtained by gravity or by pumping, distribution reservoirs are usually necessary for the following reasons: • To balance the supply and demand in the system. In small distribution systems, variations in demand may be three or more times the average hourly consumption. • To maintain adequate and fairly uniform pressure throughout the distribution system. • To avoid the total interruption of water service when repairing pipes between the source of supply and the reservoir. • To allow pumps to be operated uniformly throughout the day. Such pumps may be much smaller than would otherwise be required. Overhead Water Reservoir (OHR) Overhead Reservoirs (OHRs) are also key component of water distribution system. In water supply system OHRs serve the following functions: • Store water for use during electric load-shedding and during maintenance works of tube-wells/ pumps. • Provide balancing of flow and pressure during peak hours. As per “Technical and Service Delivery Standards for Water Supply and Sanitation Sectors” Storage Capacity of Overhead reservoirs should be based on around 1/6th of average day demand. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 40 Water Distribution System The purpose of a distribution network is to distribute the potable water from the storage reservoir over the area to be provided, and deliver it to the individual consumer in such a way that at any tap point and at any time sufficient water of good quality can be withdrawn. Looped System A distribution network is looped when there are only few or no pipe dead-ends, such that water can move through the system freely. The advantages of a looped system are; • The lower water velocities in the main reduce head losses, resulting in greater capacity. • Ma in breaks can be isolated, minimizing serv ice interruptions to consumers. • Usually, better chlorine residual content is achieved. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 41 B. Sewerage System The sewerage system of these villages has been designed so that the final disposal of collected sewage should be in the proposed pumping station. This pumping station will pump sewage into Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR). After treatment, treated effluent complying with PEQS, would be discharged into existing nearby sewerage pond or community owned water courses. The sewerage systems have been designed for design year of 2050. Design criteria and consideration are briefly discussed below: Design Criteria The design criteria is based on Standards set forth under the Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA), Lahore criteria and past design experiences of similar projects. The main objectives of the design criteria are as follows: •To develop a sewerage system, that can be operated with minimum operation and maintenance cost; • To collect sewage efficiently and safely to prevent diseases and nuisance; and • To proposed efficient treatment system which will deliver an effluent that will meet the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS) Sewage Flow Estimation The most fundamental factor for planning and designing sewerage systems is the estimation of the sewage flow. Otherwise, sewers may prove inadequate resulting in overflow or may prove too large in diameter, which may make the system uneconomical and hydraulically inefficient. For the project area, 80% of the water demand has been taken as sewage generation. Peak Factor & Flow The capacities of the sanitary sewer are sufficient to carry peak flows, rather than the average flow because the rates of flows for any design point will vary substantially depending on the local water use customs, climate conditions, the day of the week, the hour of the day etc. So, waste water collection system has been designed to handle peak flows. The peak flow will be calculated by following formula: Peak flow = Avg. daily flow * Peak factor Peak Factor depends upon the population; it decreases with an increase in population. Peak Factor shown in the Table below will be taken for the computation of peak flows; Population Peak Factor Up to 5,000 4.50 5,000 to 10,000 4.00 10,000 to 25,000 3.50 25,000 to 50,000 3.00 50,000 to 100,000 2.50 More than 100,000 2.00 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 42 Non-Domestic Sewage Flow The non-domestic sewage flow has been taken as 80% of average non-Domestic water consumption that will cover institutional, commercial and small industrial discharges. Infiltration Rate This is additional quantity due to groundwater seepage in to sewers through faulty joints or cracks formed in the pipes. The quantity of the water depends upon the height of the water table above the sewer invert level and permeability of the ground soil. If water table is well below the sewer invert level, the infiltration can occur only after rain when water is moving down through soil. PHED Criteria has been followed for infiltration rate for the selected localities of the project area. Storm Water Allowance Keeping in view the project area, 33% of peak sewage flow has been taken as storm water allowance. Total Sewage Flow Total sewage flow is the sum of all the above flow and sewers / conduits has been designed on this total sewage flow. Total flow = Peak sewerage flow + Infiltration + Storm water Allowance Manholes Manholes will be located according to conventional sewer network design i.e., starting point, junctions between sewers and change in direction and grades etc. Following manhole spacing are adopted for the design of sewerage system; Table 6: Manhole Spacing Pipe Size Interval 9 inches 50 Feet 12 inches 100 Feet 15 inches 150 Feet 18 inches 200 Feet 24 inches 250 Feet 30-42 inches 250 Feet 48-60 inches 250 Feet Above 60 Inches 250 Feet Following manholes dimensions are adopted for sewerage systems of project area; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 43 Table 7: Manhole Diameter Sewer Size Manhole Internal Diameter 9-18 inches 04 Feet 24-30 inches 05 Feet 36-42 inches 6.5 Feet 48-54 inches 7.5 Feet 60-66 inches 8 Feet 72 inches 9 Feet Change in Sewer Diameter in Manhole To minimize the risk of blockage in sewers, the diameter of the outgoing sewer is not less than the diameter of the largest incoming sewer. The top of smaller sewers entering a manhole will normally be at the same level as that of the outgoing sewer. Slope of Channel Within Manhole All manhole invert levels used in the sewer calculations has been the centre of the manhole and all distances and slopes has been calculated between canters of manholes. Drop Manholes The drop connections to manholes have been provided if the difference in pipe invert level is greater than 3.0 ft otherwise no drop manholes will be provided. Manhole Steps Ductile Iron and Malleable Cast iron steps etc. are usually used in the manholes. Keeping in view the project area and current practices malleable cast iron steps shall be used in the manhole. Sewage Disposal Stations Sewage lift / pump station are required to pump sewage collected from various sewage zones to the disposal point. The details of Sewage lift / pump station will be discussed in the following sections. The pumping station consists of following structures: i) One screen chamber (Two partitions) ii) One Wet well (Two partitions) iii) One Dry well iv) One valve chamber Pumps (working + standby) are proposed in dry well having capacity varying from0.1 to 0.5 cusec depending on the volume of sewerage produce in the village. The sewage will be treated in ABR from where this treated effluent will be disposed into existing water course. Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 44 Proposed Sewage Treatment plant consists of Screening Chamber, Wet Well, Dry Well with Pumping Machinery and Sewage Force main up to Proposed STP. Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR), which has chambers divided by baffles, provides a mechanism for both primary and secondary sedimentation. The majority of solids are removed by the ABR's first chamber, which also has low sludge formation and high SRT. The bulk of shock loads may be handled by the technology with ease. The system's ease of construction makes it perfect for wastewater treatment. The anaerobic process reduces the formation of sludge biomass, the particles in the effluent are reduced due to significant sedimentation in the baffled chambers, and most importantly, the ABR has lower capital and operating costs than aerobic processes. Another significant benefit is that this technique works best in semi-arid and tropical environments. Figure 2: Process Flow Diagram of STP / WWTP / ABR Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 45 3.5 Project Cost The estimated total cost of the project for the proposed 26 priority villages is PKR 3562.56 million. 3.6 Land Acquisition The laying of piping network for water supply and sewerage system will not require land acquisition, as the pipeline will be buried underground. The network will be designed in a manner that the pipeline is laid along the public roads / streets. However, if pipeline route is required to pass through any private lands, special permission for laying and periodic maintenance shall be sought from the landowners. The land required for the construction of overhead tank, pumping station and STP will mostly consist of state land, acquired through process of No Objection Certificate (NOC). In cases where private land is needed, it shall be obtained through Voluntarily Land Donation (VLD). Village wise breakup of land requirements given in Table 8. As is obvious from the table, state land is mostly available in villages called “Chak”. During British Raj, new canals were built to bring the barani areas under cultivation by introducing the irrigated areas around the core of new villages called Chak. As sufficient state land is available in these villages (Chaks), therefore NOC process was adopted. Whereas in other villages government land is not available hence private land, donated by community members through VLD procedure will be used as an exception. Moreover, due diligence will be conducted to prevent protentional negative socio-economic impacts arising due to this donation and to ensure that the donation is actually voluntary. The template of VLD Screening Checklists is attached as Annexure-7A.. Table 8: Land Requirement Details Private Land State land Sr. required required Tehsil Revenue Villages No through VLD (In through NOC Marla4) (In Marla) 30 Dahku Chishti 30 1 Pakpattan Arifabad 40 30 Sochan 40 Makhial 115 2 Kalar Kahar Gahi 74 3 Kot Momin Naseerpur Khurd 30 Chak Muhammad Zaman 22 4 Bahawalnagar Moza Sadiq Nagar 15 10 5 Khairpur Tamiwali Sheikh Wahan 80 4 1 Marla land = 272.25 sq feet Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 46 Moza Isa 25 Muhammad Pur 7 Chowki Rangu Khan 9 5 6 Kahror Pakka Gulhaar 13 Dora Mahar 3 Chowki Suba Khan 10 47 Chak No. 190 130 Chak No. 192 133 7 Bhawana Chak No. 199 167 Chak No. 221 156 Chak No. 226 160 Chak No. 5/A 70 Chak No. 17/A 44 Chak No. 25/A 248 8 Liaquatpur Chak No. 26/A 76 Chak No. 29/A 232 Chak No. 30/A 220 Total 511 1598 Note: The total 511 Marla land required for construction of infrastructures in Tehsils Pakpattan, Kalar Kahar, Kot Momin, Bhawalanager, Khairpur Tamilwali will be acquired through VLD process, whereas majority of 1598 Marla land will in Tehsils Bhowana, Liaqatpur and Kehror Paka will be acquired through State Land NOC process. 3.7 Project Administrative Jurisdiction The proposed project falls under the jurisdiction of Deputy Commissioners of relevant tehsils of province. 3.8 Project Implementation Schedule The project will take 10 months in each village from start to finish. The commencement is scheduled simultaneously in June 2023. 3.9 Construction Activities and Required Machinery Construction activities involve following: • Earth work • Structure/ Concrete works • Pipe laying Table 9 presents the list of expected machinery required for construction. The number of these machines will be finalized with the detailed design of the proposed road: Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 47 Table 9: List of expected Machinery/Equipment 1 Mobile Crane 15 Jack Hammer 2 Dumpers 16 Plate Compactor 3 Road/Power Roller 17 Wood Shuttering 4 Light Weight Compactor0 18 Formwork 5 Ramming Machine 19 Steel Cage Shuttering Unit 6 Water Sprinkler and Water 20 Motor graders Tanker 7 Excavator 21 Generators 8 Tractor with Front Blade and 22 Welding Plant Trolley 9 Loader 23 Transit Mixer 10 Road Cutter 24 Vibrators 11 Pneumatic Tyred Roller (PTR 25 Scaffolding 12 Tandem Roller 26 Light Transport 13 Concrete Mixer Machine 27 Mini/ Hand Roller 14 Tower Crane 28 Barricades 3.10 Construction Camps Camp sites will be selected based on following considerations: • Number of workforces deployed; • Type and quantity of machinery mobilized; • Availability of adequate area for establishing camp sites including parking areas for machinery, stores and workshops; • Access to communication and local markets; • Appropriate distance from sensitive areas including settlements and religious and/or cultural facilities. Final locations will be selected by the contractor with the assistance of Supervision Consultant. A centralized construction camp will be preferred in tehsils where villages are geographically in close proximity; this will result in resource efficiency and better monitoring of construction activities. Care will be taken to safeguard the existing environment of the area and location shall be selected away from settlements. If the campsite is to be established on privately owned land, the contractors will acquire it on rental basis from private landowners. The contractors will return the land on as received basis. All debris, construction materials, left over chemicals and machinery shall be removed before handing back the premises to landowners. 3.11 Construction Materials The materials used in construction of water supply, sewerage, overhead tanks pumping station & sewage treatment plant (STP) in all villages, would include coarse aggregates (crush), bricks, fine aggregates (sand), soil, water, pipes (RCC & HDPE), cement, reinforcement, asphalt etc. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 48 3.12 Workforce Requirement Workforce during Construction Phase Total man power required on site for proposed Project will be approximately 15-30 workers per village per day, depending on the type of construction. Workforce during Operation Phase Total man power required during operation phase for proposed Project will be approximately 5 workers per village comprising skilled and unskilled staff. 3.13 Solid Waste Generation Due to construction activities waste will be generated at construction and contractors camp site. The construction waste will include wastewater, oil spillage from machinery, domestic waste and waste construction materials. Solid waste generated during construction and camp sites will be safely disposed of in demarcated waste disposal sites. Construction and Operation Phase The solid waste generation is estimated to be 0.28kg/capita/day during construction phase of the proposed Project. 3.14 Water requirement Construction Phase The water consumption is estimated to be 30 liter/day/worker5 during construction phase of the proposed Project. Operation Phase The water consumption is estimated to be 30 liter/capita/day (during operation phase of the proposed project. 3.15 Wastewater Generation during Construction Phase The wastewater generation is estimated to be 24 liter/capita/day6 for during construction phase of the proposed Project. Temporary toilets with cesspit will be adequately installed and treated periodically, and after the completion of work, the ground will be restored. 5 The most basic water requirement is stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and varies between 20 and 50 litres per capita per day (LPCD). 6 Design Criteria of Public Health Engineering for Water Supply, Sewerage and Storm Water Drain (Domestic sewage generation = 80% of water consumed/day) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 49 BASELINE PROFILE 4.1 General This chapter presents the current environment around the proposed development which has been considered with respect to physical, ecological and socio-economic resources. The ESMP of the proposed project covers a comprehensive description of the project area, including the resources which are expected to be affected by the project, as well as, those which are not expected to be directly affected by the construction and operation of the project. ESMP teams conducted the reconnaissance and detailed field visits of the project area from December, 2022 to January, 2023. The prime objective of the field visits was to collect the baseline data on physical, eco-biological and environmental & social aspects along with identification, assessment and categorization of the significant environmental and social impacts of the proposed Project. The secondary data was collected from published sources/reports and relevant departments, which were also verified through visual observations during reconnaissance and detailed surveys. 4.2 Delineation of Study Area/ Area of Influence (AoI) As per the environmental screening study conducted earlier, the project falls in “Category E2”. The impacts of the project activities are limited and within the boundary of each targeted revenue village. The relevant revenue village is considered as project area and boundary of revenue village has been considered Area of Influence (AoI). To further explain the area of influence on the basis of the project activities, maps explaining the geographical scale and setting of sewerage and water supply network, water and wastewater treatment and disposal of the treated effluent in the pond situated with in the principal settlement of the village are provided at annexure-2. It is to be noted that the outfall of the treated effluent is into the existing wastewater collection pond located within the boundary of the village (within the confines of AoI). As the level of project intervention (water supply and treatment, wastewater collection and treatment system) and on ground conditions (such as sewerage ponds) are similar in all 26 villages therefore, maps of a typical village is shared to develop understanding of the area of influence. Title of Document Document No. Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 4533-04 50 As per the national and provincial regulations along with the requirements of World Bank’s OP’s, impacts and risks have been analyzed within the project AoI. Environmental and social impacts and risks will also be analyzed for all relevant stages of the project cycle, including pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the project. 4.3 Physical Environment The physical environment includes topography, geology, soil, climate, hydrology, drainage, seismology, surface water, groundwater and ambient air. 4.3.1 Topography The proposed project sites are rural settlements comprising residential and agriculture areas. The topography of the project area in south and center is predominantly flat. Whereas, Kallar Kahar in North cluster mainly comprises of mountains and hills. Ground elevation increases from South towards North. The ground elevations variation is given in Table 10: Table 10: Topographic Variations Sr. No. Cluster Tehsils Elevation (ft) 1 South-I Bahawalnagar 350 – 387 2 Bahawalpur 335 – 385 3 South-II Karor pacca 335 – 387 4 South-III Liaquatpur 387 – 420 5 Central-I Bahwana 544 - 593 6 Central-II Pakpattan 487 – 593 7 North Kot Momin 563 – 610 8 Kallar Kahar 1920 – 2368 4.3.2 Geology Punjab’s area mostly consists of an alluvial plain formed by the southward-flowing Indus River and its four major tributaries. The general slope of the land is from northeast to southwest, but it rises in the areas between rivers Approximately 70 percent land area of the province comprises flood plans of Indus basin. Geologically, lands in the flood plains are lightly mantled with alluvial deposits transported from the Himalaya foothills. The underlying bedrock is composed of Precambrian metamorphic and tertiary consolidated rocks. The overlying alluvium consists of Pleistocene to recent unconsolidated deposits of sand, clay and silt. The formation age of the alluvium also dates from Pleistocene to recent, the latter being predominant earth river banks and the former around the central part of the plains, no major fault zone traverses the project area. Tehsil Kallar Kahar is only hilly area of project. The Salt Range is one of the most important geological and historical landmarks of Pakistan. The geology of Kallar Kahar area is mainly richly fossiliferous stratified rocks. These rocks also provide an excellent opportunity for appreciation of tectonics in the field. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 51 4.3.3 Climate and Meteorology A. Average Temperatures The project area has hot summer and cold winters. The summer starts from May and lasts till September. June is the hottest month. The mean maximum varies between37- 41 ºC and minimum temperature varies between 24-29 ºC respectively for month of June. The winter seasons lasts from November to February. January is the coldest month. The mean maximum ranges between 16 - 21 ºC and mean minimum temperature are and 3 - 7 ºC in January as shown in the table below: Heat waves and heat stroke. Table 11: Temperature Variation in Summer and Winter Season Sr. Cluster Tehsils Average Summer Winter Season No. Annual Season Rainfall Mean Mean Mean Mean (mm) Max ⁰C Min Max Min ⁰C ⁰C ⁰C 1 South-I Bahawalnagar 45 41 29 20 7 2 Bahawalpur 143 41 28 20 7 3 South-II Kahror pakka 81 41 29 20 7 4 South-III Liaquatpur 101 46 29 23 5 5 Central-I Bahwana 135 45 29 21 5 6 Central-II Pakpattan 95 41 29 20 8 7 North Kot Momin 188 40 27 19 6 8 Kallar Kahar 206 37 24 16 3 In project areas most of the times of year sunny days dominate. A few days per month are partly cloudy and with seldom overcast days. The maximum participation days are observed during June to August.7 In project areas are classified as arid region having average annual rainfall less than 250 mm in a year. Highest intensity of rain is recorded in month of June, July and August owing to monsoon season. B. Wind In targeted tehsils windier part of the year is April to August. In south and center zone of the Punjab has June as windiest month. Whereas, in North April is windiest month. In South Punjab dust storms are common from June to August. 7 https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/chiniot_pakistan_1181096 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 52 Table 12: Average Wind Speed and Windiest Month in Tehsils Sr. Cluster Tehsils Windiest Avg Wind Speed No. Month 1 South-I Bahawalnagar June 13.6 Km/hr 2 Khairpur Tamianwali June 15.7 Km/hr 3 South-II Karor pacca June 15.3 Km/hr 4 South-III Liaquatpur June 16.2 Km/hr 5 Central-I Bahwana June 10.2 Km/hr 6 Central-II Pakpattan June 12.4 Km/hr 7 North Kot Momin April 9.6 Km/hr 8 Kallar Kahar April 9.4 Km/hr 4.3.4 Water Resources Description of surface water and groundwater of targeted villages in different tehsils is as under. Hydrology map of Punjab Province is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Hydrology Map of Punjab Province Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 53 Surface water Punjab is land of Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. Punjab Irrigation system is one of the world's largest irrigation systems with a command area of over 21 million acres. The system consists of 24 main canals and 12 barrages and vast network of canals, distributaries and minors spanning over 40,000 kilometers. Targeted villages in north, south and center of the Punjab are in command of this irrigation system except for villages in Kallar Kahar, there is no canal or distributary passing nearby. The detail of canal and distributaries passing within or nearby the targeted villages is shared in table 13: Table 13: Surface Water Bodies in Targeted Villages of Relevant Tehsils Sr. Cluster Tehsils Surface Water Bodies of targeted villages in Tehsils No. Main Canal Branch Distributary Minor Canal Canal 1 South-I Bahawalnagar Fordwah Hakara 2 Khairpur Tamianwali Bahawal Qayamwah, Canal Baagh Ali 3 South-II Karor pacca Chit Lohdran Basant, Gopal 4 South-III Liaquatpur Abbasia 1R, 2R, 3R 5 Central-I Bahwana Jhang Branch Nille No.1 Arbi Minor Mochiwala Sultan Pakhra 6 Central-II Pakpattan Pakpattan Pakpattan 7 North Kot Momin Lower Jhelum N/A Kot Momin N/A 8 Kallar Kahar N/A N/A N/A N/A Groundwater/Drinking Water Quality The findings of the groundwater investigation indicate that the project area has a plentiful supply of groundwater available at depths ranging from 30 to 60 feet, with the exception of the villages of Liquatpur and Kallar Kahar. Liquatpur is characterized by water-logged conditions, while Kallar Kahar is a hilly area where groundwater is situated at depths exceeding 300 feet. The groundwater analysis of the targeted villages in different tehsils revealed the following facts in table 14: Table 14: Groundwater Analysis Sr. Cluster Tehsils Groundwater Detail of targeted villages in Tehsils No. Depth Taste Color Source Remarks 1 South-I Bahawalnagar 30-40 ft Brackish Clear Seepage of High fluoride Canal Water 2 Khairpur 40-50 ft Non- Clear Groundwater Tamianwali Objectionable 3 South-II Karor Pacca 50-60 ft Non- Clear Groundwater Microbial Objectionable contamination 4 South-III Liaquatpur <5ft Brackish Clear Seepage of High TDS and Canal water Hardness, Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 54 Microbiological contamination 5 Central-I Bahwana 30 – 40 Non- Yellowish Groundwater High turbidity ft Objectionable 6 Central-II Pakpattan 50 – 60 Non- Clear Groundwater - ft Objectionable 7 North Kot Momin 30 – 40 Non- Clear Groundwater - ft Objectionable 8 Kallar Kahar 300 – Non- Clear Groundwater Microbiological 350 ft Objectionable contamination Based on the data in the table 14, where the groundwater is brackish, seepage from the canal water will serve as the primary source of water for the water supply system. Whereas, in areas where the groundwater is deemed acceptable in terms of taste, it will be utilized as a source of water following appropriate treatment measures as indicated below: • Chlorination for Microbial contamination • Sand and carbon filters for turbidity • Adsorption media filter for Arsenic / fluoride A link to the waste and surface water quality is below: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ciEcWVSwJToOk6ZTJD7suzwZCpP4q5MX?usp=sharing 4.3.5 Environmental Monitoring, Sampling and Testing In order to determine the ambient air, noise levels, groundwater/ drinking water quality, environmental monitoring was carried out through EPA approved environmental labs tin the project area. The sampling locations for the environmental monitoring of ambient air, noise and groundwater/ drinking water and wastewater for the relevant tehsils lies within the boundary of the selected villages. To analyze the quality of groundwater and surface water, monitoring was performed for all the villages. A. Ambient Air Quality The ambient air quality monitoring period was 24 hours. The results of ambient air quality monitoring are given in Table 15. Table 15: Ambient Air Quality Results Sr. Parameters Unit Location No. Avg. sampling time Chak M. Zaman Sheikh Wahan Kallar Kahar Kahror Pakka Daku Chisti Liaquatpur Kot Momin Naseerpur Pakpattan Bawalnagar Bohwana Khairpur T. Chak 225 Central-II Central-I South-III Chak-17 Khurd South-II PEQS North North South-I South-I Gulhar Gahi 1 Carbon mg/m3 0.79 0.87 1.25 1.79 1.175 1.466 1.29 1.26 5 monoxide (8 Hour) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 55 2 Sulphur µg/m3 22.56 20.36 25.27 35.98 16.66 24.98 25.4 26.54 120 dioxide 3 Ozone µg/m3 - - - 102 68.1 - 88 97 130 (1 Hour) 4 Nitric µg/m3 14.98 16.94 10.89 2.75 0.473 4.12 2.42 2.42 40 oxide 5 Nitrogen µg/m3 25.78 42.54 8.97 17.99 5.971 12.32 19.4 18.1 80 Dioxide 6 PM (2.5) µg/m3 23.53 24.51 28.97 50.2 147.6 67.97 50.4 53.1 35 7 PM (10) µg/m3 85.23 74.56 99.82 148.1 239.6 148.6 147.8 145.5 150 8 Suspende µg/m3 130 123.6 156.8 396.2 458.6 325.8 389.5 388.2 500 d particulate Matter The ambient air quality monitoring is carried out via mobile air quality laboratories that are stationed at the sides of roads. As a result, areas with heavy traffic may exhibit higher concentrations of particulate matter and gases emanating from vehicular exhausts. The central and northern regions of Punjab are comparatively more industrialized than the southern region, which leads to a greater prevalence of anthropogenic sources of air pollution. This disparity is also reflected in the results of the air quality monitoring, where PM2.5 and PM10 levels that are near the prescribed limits of the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS) are highlighted in yellow in the table. If the levels of particulate matter exceed the prescribed limit set by PEQS, they are highlighted in red in the table. B. Noise Level Noise levels were monitored with the help of a potable digital sound meter at the project area for 24 (twenty-four) hours. The results of noise monitoring are given in Table 16. Table 16: Noise Monitoring Results Zone Tehsils Priority Villages Equivalent Noise PEQS Limit Level dB(A) (Leq) dB(A) Day Night Day Night Time Time Time Time Central-I Pakpattan Arifabad 56.7 45.2 75 65 Central-II Bahwana Chak 192 60.7 52.7 Chak 226 61.9 51.1 North Kallar kahar Makhyal 53.9 49.2 Gahi 54.2 50.6 Kot Momin Naseerpur Khurd 54 50 South-I Bahawalnagar Chak M Zaman 54.5 42.4 Chak Sadiq Nagar 53.1 39.0 Khairpur Sheikh Wahan 55.7 41 Tamewali ISA 54.0 42 South-II Kahror Pakka Gulhar 61.9 51.1 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 56 Chak 17 54.9 50.1 South-III Liaquatpur Chak 29 53.2 49.4 The results of the noise monitoring conducted indicate that none of the readings obtained from any of the villages exceeded the prescribed noise limits as set forth by the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards C. Wastewater Quality Wastewater samples were collected and was analyzed. The analysis results of wastewater samples are compared with PEQS. The detailed monitored results for wastewater quality are given in Table 17. Plate 1: Sampling of wastewater Table 17: Results of Wastewater Parameters Unit Location Sr. No. Sheikh Wahan Kallar Kahar Kahror Pakka Liaquatpur Kot Momin Naseerpur Pakpattan Bawalnagar Chak Sadiq Bohwana Chak 190 Central-II Central-I South-III Chak-25 Sochan Khurd South-II PEQS North North South-I South-I Gulhar Gahi Nagar KPT pH 7.58 7.68 7.73 7.27 8.41 7.62 7.08 7.80 6-9 1 Chemical mg/L 157 167 168 208 144 184 208 232 150 2 Oxygen Demand Biochemica mg/L 83 98 88 108 88 114 128 148 80 3 l Oxygen Demand Total mg/L 72 135 245 165 160 75 170 180 200 4 Suspended Solid (TSS) Oil & mg/L 0.0 2.5 0.0 7.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 Grease Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 57 The collected samples of wastewater are not representative, as they are spot samples taken from open drains and channels. However, the analysis of the wastewater samples indicates that the levels of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) fall within the typical range of sewerage. It should be noted that the BOD and COD levels are higher than the limits established in the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS). To meet the PEQS requirements, a potential solution is to utilize an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) for wastewater treatment, which can readily ensure compliance with these standards. 4.3.6 Seismology All tehsils of the project area are located in a low Hazard earthquake zone (Zone 2A) except Kallar Kahar (Zone 2B). Figure 4.19 shows the seismic zoning map of Pakistan. Figure 4: Seismic Zone Map of Project Area Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 58 4.4 Sensitive Receptors Village wise sensitive receptors are identified in the table 18 below: Table 18: Sensitive Receptors Sensitive Receptors Zone Tehsils Priority Villages Grave- Worship Hospital/ BHU School yards/ Others Places Shrine Arifabad 0 2 1 1 Canter-I Pakpattan Dhaku Chishti 1 1 1 0 Sochan 0 1 1 0 Chak 190 - 2 1 - Chak 192 - 2 3 - Center-II Bhawana Chak 199 0 2 1 - Chak 221 1 3 2 - Chak 226 - 2 2 - Kallar kahar Makhyal - 2 4 4 North Gahi - 2 2 3 Kot Momin Naseerpur Khurd - 2 1 1 Chak M Zaman - 3 1 - Bahawalnagar Chak Sadiq Nagar 1 5 3 2 South-I Khairpur Sheikh Wahan 2 6 3 3 Tamewali - ISA 2 1 1 Choki Rangu Khan - 2 3 - Chowki Soba Khan - 2 3 1 South-II Kahror Pakka Dhora Mahar - - 3 - Gulhar - 2 1 1 Muhammad Pur - 1 3 - Chak 5 - 2 2 3 Chak 17 1 1 1 - Chak 25 - 4 3 3 South-III Liaqatpur Chak 26 - 2 1 1 Chak 29 - 3 3 - Chak 30 - 3 2 2 Total 26 Note: The socially sensitive receptors listed in the table above are within a radius of 100 meters of the execution of work. This distance of 100 meters has been taken as per screening checklist provided in ESMF and also validated through experiences of various EDCS Consultants. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 59 4.5 Biological Environment Project area is rich in biodiversity because of its diverse landscape and geographical location. The variety of ecosystem is evident and is home to various species. The following section describes the biological environment of the project area. 4.5.1 Flora The major floral species found in the project area include the following: Zone Tehsils Floral Species Central-I Pakpattan Sumbal (Bombax ceiba), Shesham (Dalbergia sissoo), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), Kikar (Acacia karoo), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Poplar (Populus), Mulberries (Morus rubra), Beri (Ziziphus mauritiana), Peaches (Prunus persica) Guava (Psidium guajava), Sweet Lime (Citrus Limetta), Lime (Citrus limon), Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini), Stenotaphrum, Cyperus rotundus and Phalaris Minor Central-II Bahwana Jand trees (Prosopis spicigera), Karir (Capparisaphylla), Beri (Zizyphus jajaba), Van (Salvadora abeoides), Kikar (Acacia arbica), Shisham (Dalbergia), Aak (Calotropois hamiltonit), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Jaman (Syzygium cumini), Sirris (Albizzia lebbek), Neem (Azadiraccta indica), Popular (Salicaceae), Toot/Mulbery/Pilken (Morus alba), Beeri Patta(Heterophragma adenophyllum), Willow (Salix babylonica), Frash (Tamarlx aphylia), Simal (Bombax cieba) Palm/Khajoor North Kallar Ziziphus mauritiana, Morus nigra Eucalyptus citriodora. Khabbal Kahar (Cynodon dactylon) Conyza bonariensis Brachiaria ramosa Cannabis sativa, Parthenium hysterophorus, Malvastrum coromandelianum, Datura innoxia, Oxalis corniculata, Amaranthus viridis Aerva javanica Chrysopogon serrulatus, Apluda mutica Heteropogon contortus Justicia adhatoda, Dodonaea viscosa, Asparagus gracilis, Opuntia dillenii Kot Momin the van (Selvadora abeoides), Kari (Salsola fostids), jand (Prosopis spicigera) and malla (Zizypluys nummularia), Kikar (Acacia arabicva) and Thali (Dalbergia sisoo), Uksh or Kash or Fareash (Tamarix articulate), Bair (Ziziphus Mouritiana), Tahli or Sheesham (Dalbergia Sissoo), Van (Salvadora Oleoides) South-I Bahawalna The Van (Salvadora oleoides), Karil (Capparis aphylla), Jand (Prosopis gar spicigera), Beri (Zizyphys jajaba), mallha (Zizyphus numularia) and Shisham (Dalbergia Sissoo) Khairpur Kikar (Acacia Nilotica), Frash (Tamasix Aphylla), Pillu (Salvadora Tamewali Oleoides), Jand (Prosopis Spicigera), Karir (Capparisaphylla ), Phog, Khar, South-II Kahror The Van (Salvadora oleoides), Karil (Capparis aphylla), Jand (Prosopis Pakka spicigera), Beri (Zizyphys jajaba), Kikar (Acacia Nilotica), Frash (Tamasix Aphylla), Pillu (Salvadora Oleoides), South-III Liaquatpur Calligonum polygonoides, Alhagi camelorum, Acacia jacquemontii, Prosopis spicigera, Pennisetum dichotomum, Leptadaenia spartium, Capparis decidua, Haloxylon polygonoides, Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia nilotica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Prosopis glandulosa, Saccharum bengalense, Imperata cylindrical, Conyza ambigua, Aeluropus lagopoides, Cymbopogon jwarancusa Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 60 4.5.2 Fauna The faunal species observed in the project areas were verified with the secondary data resources of the Punjab Forest, Wildlife and Fisheries Department and World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The species in vicinity include the following: A. Mammals Common animals found in the project area include dogs, cats, house rats and bats. Domestic livestock observed during field visits include buffaloes, cattle, goats, sheep, and donkeys that are used by the local residents for their livelihood. B. Amphibians Bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigernius), Pahari tidda maindak (Fejervarya limnocharis) and Indus valley toad (Buffo stomaticus) are also present in the nearby ponds and canals during rainy season. C. Birds House sparrow (Passer domesticus), House crow (Corvus splendens) and Mynah (Acredotheres tristis) are the most common sight in the area. In addition, following birds are also seen in the project area. Common Name Scientific Name Nightingale Pycnontus cafer Parrot Psittacula krameri Pigeon Columba livia Hoopoe Upupa epops Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Black kite Mivus migrains D. Reptiles Common tree lizard (Calotes versicolor), Monitor lizard (Varnus bengalensis), fat tailed lizard (Uromastix hardwickii) and fringed toed lizard (Acanthodactylus cantoris) are observed in and around the proposed site. Indian soft-shell turtle (Aspideretes gangeticus) and Indian falpshell (Lisseyms punctate andersoni) are also reported by the local residents. 4.5.3 Endangered Species There are no endangered species of flora and fauna observed in the Study Area. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 61 4.5.4 Legally Protected Areas The Government of Punjab through Punjab Legally Protected Areas act 2020 may declare an area to be called a protected area, with a specific name such as wetlands, national park, wildlife or game reserves. In order to provide for the protection, preservation, conservation and management of ecologically important areas. A table indicating legally protected areas and other important ecological hotspots in different district of Punjab is attached below and the wetlands present in the district of the project areas are highlighted red and their distances from the project site is listed below Sr. No. Name of Legally Status District Distance from Protected Area nearest project village 1 Bajwat Game Reserve Sialkot 250 km 2 Ghamaghar Lake Not Protected Kasur 140 km 3 Head Islam Game Reserve Multan 150 km 4 Jahlar Lake Not Protected Khushab 80 km 5 Kalar Kahar Lake Wildlife Chakwal 18 km Sanctuary 6 Khabbaki Lake Wildlife Khushab 160 km Sanctuary 7 Kharrar (Kharal) Lake Wildlife Okara 70 km Sanctuary 8 Lal Suhanra (Patisar) National Park Bahawalpur 30 km Lake 9 Mangla Dam Not Protected Jhelum 57 km 10 Marala Headworks Not Protected Sailkot 160 km 11 Nammal Lake Wildlife Khushab 100 km Sanctuary 12 Qadirabad Barrage Not Protected Gujrawala 79 km 13 Qadirabad Link Canal Game Reserve Gujrat 100 km 14 Rasool (Rasul) Wildlife Gujrat 90 km Barrage Sanctuary 15 Soan River Not Known Chakwal 100 km 16 Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Muzaffargarh/D 43 km Sanctuary GK 17 Ucchali Lake Ramsar Site Khushab 105 km As indicated from the above table, there are no legally protected areas in the area or in the influence of the project area. The nearest legally protected area is about 16 km away from the nearest project village. A map indicating wildlife sanctuaries and game reserve in different district of Punjab is attached below. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 62 Figure 5: Wildlife Sanctuaries and Game Reserves Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 63 4.6 Socioeconomic Profile 4.6.1 Population Size The project is expected to benefit about 12,000 households in the 26 priority villages. The average population size is less than 3,000 persons per village. However, two larger villages (Sadiqnagar and Sheikh Wahan) are also included, both in the south region. Cluster Tehsil Villages Number of Male Female All sexes Households North Kallar Kahar Gahi 587 1,690 1561 3,251 Makhyal 544 1,552 1,433 2,985 Kot Momin Naseerpur khrud 226 761 703 1,464 Center Bhawana Chak.190 229 888 819 1,707 Chak.192 193 715 660 1,375 Chak.199 740 2,187 2,018 4,205 Chak.221 629 1,682 1,553 3,235 Chak.226 480 1,562 1,441 3,003 Pakpattan Arifabad 279 893 824 1,717 Dhaku Chihshti 658 2,152 1,987 4,139 Sochan 579 2,078 1,919 3,997 South Bahawalnagar Chak.Zaman 196 643 594 1,237 Chak. 1,567 4,430 4,089 8,519 Sadiqnagar K.P.T Moza ISA 127 461 425 886 Shekh Whan 1,391 4,769 4,402 9,171 Kahror Pakka Choki Rangu 732 2,119 1,956 4,075 khan Gulhar 183 661 611 1,272 Mohammdpur 143 561 518 1,079 Choki Sooba 262 855 789 1,644 khan Dora Mahr 48 147 135 282 Liaqatpur Chak.5 235 840 775 1,615 Chak 17 242 901 831 1,732 Chak 25 391 1,494 1,379 2,873 Chak 26 282 939 866 1,805 Chak 29 442 1,344 1,241 2,585 Chak 30 323 1,109 1,023 2,132 Grand Total 11,708 37,433 34,552 71,985 Table 19: Primary data results of Project Area Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 64 4.6.2 Findings of Socioeconomic Survey A. Occupational Status Agriculture is the primary occupation in the project area, except in Kallar Kahar due to hilly terrain, non-availability of irrigation system, deep groundwater table and small size of land holdings limit agriculture to only a subsistence level. As a result, the majority of the population is engaged in labour, as well as private and Government jobs. In almost all the tehsils of the project area, the majority of individuals are identified as landowners, a significant proportion works as laborers, while owning a business is the third most common occupation. The trend of Government and private jobs is also observed in the project area. Figure 6 presents percentages of the various occupations in the project area, based on interactions with project communities during field visits, consultations and limited surveys. Occupational Status 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bhawalnag Kohar K.kahar k.Momin Bahawana Pakpattan K.P.T Liaqatpur ar Pacca Agricultura 18 55 62 66 51 49 46 48 Govt.Job 6 5 10 2 11 7 6 8 Private Job 26 12 9 3 8 9 7 8 Own Business 11 14 4 4 10 14 12 7 Labour 35 9 13 23 18 13 18 23 Others 4 5 2 2 2 8 11 6 Figure 6: Occupational Status of the Respondents B. Religion Islam is the dominant religion in Punjab where, according to the 2017 census, Muslims constitute 97.78% of the population. The minorities include Christians (1.88%), followed by Hindus (0.19%), and other minority groups (0.15%). Based on primary data collected during ESMP preparation, the trend holds for the project area, where Muslims are an overwhelming majority. Christians are the largest minority group accounting for 1.75% of the population and present in all tehsils of the project area. In Tehsil Liaqatpur, a small population of Hindus is also present in five (out of the six) priority villages (Chak No. 17A, Chak No. 25A- Jinnah Colony, Chak No. 26A, Chak No. 29/A and Chak No 30A). C. Caste System Several castes/clans have been reported in the project area. Rajpoot, Jutt, Pathan, Awan, Chishti, Bodla, and Arain are among the dominant castes found in the overall project area. In Kalar Kahar, Awan is the majority caste, whereas Jutt, Rajas are also found. In Bhowana and Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 65 Pakpattan, Arain, Rajputs and Gujjars are in majority, whereas, Syed, Bodla, and Chishtis also have significant presence. In Bahawalnagar and Khairpur Tamewali, Jutt and Syed are the majority castes, while Chisthi and Wattoos also constitute a considerable proportion of the total population. In Kahror Pakka, Baloch and Kanju are the main castes of the area, while a considerable proportion of population consists of Syed, Rajput, and Jutts. In Liaqatpur, Baloch, Jutt and Waseer are the main casts of the tehsil, while Chandia, and Lashari also maintain significant presence. Despite the concentration of one or two castes in some tehsils, no significant disputes exist among the different castes. D. Income Levels The monthly income earned by individuals from various sources varies widely ranging from less than Rs. 20,000 to above Rs. 60,000. Many individuals reported that their income barely covers the basis of household expenses. In general, the agriculturists and landlords in the project area are wealthier, with incomes often exceeding Rs. 60,000 per month. However, laborers are financially vulnerable, with limited income and resources to support their families. Based on consultations held in project area, 10% or more of the population has a comfortable financial position, while more than 17% of the population has a monthly income below Rs. 20,000/month. The highest incidence of poverty was reported in Tehsil Kehror Pakka and Khairpur Tamiwali. While there are varying income levels found amongst the population, the disparity is not very stark between the different layers. Almost one-fourth of the respondents reported a reasonable average income of Rs. 40,000 to 50,000 in all tehsils of the project area. Percentage of the average monthly income of the respondents is shown in Figure 7. AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Bahawalnag K.kahar K.Momin Bhawana Pakapattan K.P.T Kahor pacca Liaqatpur r less then 20.000 17 22 8 19 19 24 29 18 20,000-30,000 18 19 10 17 11 14 12 23 30,001-40,000 18 25 15 11 32 23 9 13 40,001-50,000 26 14 24 17 18 5 38 25 50,001-60,000 13 9 17 11 6 22 5 4 Above-60,000 8 11 26 25 14 12 7 17 less then 20.000 20,000-30,000 30,001-40,000 40,001-50,000 50,001-60,000 Above-60,000 Figure 7: Monthly Income of the Respondents E. Housing Construction Pattern During field visits, it was observed that the proposed project areas lack basic amenities. However, the trend of kacha houses has diminished and most people have built pacca houses with RCC roofs, stone walls with cement mortar, cement plastering & flooring. A few semi- Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 66 pacca houses and kacha houses were reported in South Punjab (Kehror Pakka and Liaqatpur tehsils). Type of construction, as shown in Figure 8, also corresponds roughly with the income levels described above. Housing Structure 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 K.Momi Bhawan Pakapat Bahawal Kahor Liaqatpu K.kahar K.P.T n a tan nagr pacca r kacha 4 5 2 3 2 9 7 16 Pcca 85 70 87 89 84 78 81 78 Semi-Pcca 11 25 11 8 16 13 12 6 kacha Pcca Semi-Pcca Note: Kacha = A structure constructed of mud. Semi-Pacca = A structure constructed of a mixture of mud and bricks. Pacca = A structure constructed of concrete and cement blocks/bricks. Figure 8: Type of Construction of House F. Mode of Transport Public transport facilities are not sufficiently present in the south and North area and people use their personal motorbikes, cycles, and cars, etc. for traveling. However, in Center, people also use Rickshaws. In case of emergencies, they call Rescue 1122 and get aid in 5-10 minutes of time. The project activities are unlikely to impact the transportation modes. However, it will be ensured that access of Rescue 1122 vehicles is not hindered due to project activities. G. Communications The project area has telephone connections for internet services and mobile phone coverage is also available, allowing people to access to the internet through their mobile phones. The access roads to all the project sites are in good condition, although the situation of internal streets and roads is poor. The village roads and streets are either metaled, soling, or unpaved. Motorways pass through the project Tehsils Kalar Kahar (although the project villages are around 8 km away from the motorway) and Kot Momin (the project villages are within 2-5 km distance from the motorway). In Tehsil Pakpattan, Bhowana, Kehror Pakka and Liaqatpur Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 67 Railway network are also available for communication and highways communication facilities are available in all tehsils of the project area. H. Health Conditions and Facilities The poor health conditions in the project area are one of the reasons for initiating the proposed project. The quality of potable water available throughout the project area is highly compromised, as indicated in Section 4.5.4. This has led to the prevalence of several waterborne disease and stunted growth in the project area. The most common diseases in these areas include typhoid, cholera hepatitis, diarrhea, intestinal worms and malaria. The project area has varying levels of access to health facilities. In the central and northern tehsils of the project area (Pakpattan, Bhowana, Kalar Kahar, and Kot Momin), relatively better health facilities available compared to the southern parts (Liaqatpur, Kehror Pakka, and Khairpur Tamiwali), where access to health facilities is limited. However, Basic Health Units (BHU) are present in these southern areas, providing basic medical services to the population. I. Educational Facilities Primary. Middle and High schools are present in the proposed villages. The list of educational facilities located close to the proposed construction and excavation sites is provided as social sensitive receptors in Table-18. J. Basic Civic Amenities in the Project Area The proposed project area lacks basic civic amenities including water supply, sewerage system, stormwater drainage, solid waste management, gas supply. Telephone connections are available in the project area, but are limited in some areas. The only facility available in the proposed project area is electricity, which is also inadequate as people suffer long hours of load-shedding and low voltage issues. K. Mechanism of Conflict Resolution During the field survey, the project team conducted discussions with local communities to identify the types of disputes commonly prevailing in the project area. The survey revealed that disputes over land, water resources, and property inheritance are the most common causes of conflict. These disputes tend to escalate quickly and often result in violence, thereby causing loss of life, property damage, and displacement of communities. In some cases, the police and judicial system have been ineffective in resolving these conflicts, leading to a lack of trust in state institutions, especially in southern region of project area. In addition, inter- caste tensions, religious differences, and political affiliations may also contribute to the conflict, though no major fault-lines were observed along these. At the community level in project area, conflict resolution is often handled through informal methods of mediation and negotiation. Local elders, community leaders, and religious figures play a significant role in resolving conflicts in priority villages. The traditional methods of dispute resolution include Jirgas (councils of elders) and Panchayats also called Kaths (village Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 68 councils). These methods often involve face-to-face meetings, with both parties presenting their case and a neutral third party facilitating the resolution. In addition to these informal methods, legal systems such as the Punjab Local Government Act 2019 and the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2017 also provide a formal mechanism for resolving disputes. However, the use of formal systems is limited in project areas due to lack of accessibility, awareness and enforcement of aforementioned acts. Overall, conflict resolution at the community level in project area is a combination of traditional and modern approaches, with a focus on finding mutually agreeable solutions that maintain social harmony. The proposed GRM system of the project will also strengthen present conflict resolution systems (Village Councils, Jirgas, Panchayats etc.) of the project area. The proposed GRM system will not only improve but also make the Village Councils, Jirgas and Panchayats inclusive and will also sensitize the community about GRM. L. Presence of NGOs/ CBOs There are several NGOs and CBOs present in the project area. According to stakeholder consultations and institutional stakeholder consultations, Punjab Rural Support Programme (PRSP) and National Rural Support Programme (NRSP) are working in Tehsil Liaqatpur, Kehror Pakka, Khairpur Tamiwali, and Bhawalangar areas. The scope of both NGOs is WASH, which is also within the mandate of PRMSC. Therefore, these and other similar NGOs have also been identified as important stakeholder of the project. Similarly, Akhoowat and Kashaf are also working in Tehsil Pakpattan, Bhowana, and Kot Momin, providing microfinance and small-scale loan services. Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) were also reported in Tehsil Bhowana and Liaqatpur, working to support marriages, funeral prayers, and other financial needs of the community. CBOs can play an important role in social mobilization, behavior change in target villages, and tariff collection and O&M of the schemes. 4.6.3 Results of Gender Situation Survey • A gender situation analysis was conducted in all 26 villages/sub-villages across eight tehsils through focus group discussions. The purpose of this qualitative survey was to identify women-related concerns, gender roles and responsibilities, education levels, occupational status, involvement in agriculture and livestock, access to health facilities, willingness to pay, access to power and resources, prevalence of gender-based violence, and needs assessment. • Traditional gender roles and responsibilities in rural Punjab Center, North, and South are almost identical, with women primarily responsible for domestic and caregiving tasks and men serving as the primary breadwinners. Although females are engaged in agricultural and subsistence farming operations and livestock-related activities, they encounter obstacles in controlling resources, accessing land, credit, and other resources, limiting their productivity and economic opportunities in rural settings. • Waterborne diseases are a significant public health concern for females and children in the surveyed areas, according to focus group discussions. • Women-headed households are not uncommon in the surveyed areas, especially in South and North where men migrate for work to other cities or abroad. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 69 • The majority of female respondents in South, North, and Center areas are not involved in decision-making processes, with their decisions limited to day-to-day household affairs. Males make major and decisive decisions, while in the center, some respondents reported that decisions were made through mutual consultation and understanding. • Although there were few reported violent incidents in South, respondents in other areas considered gender-based violence an act of boldness rather than a crime. The consultation found a lack of knowledge about sexual harassment (SH) and sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) as crimes and how to report this while having social pressure to keep these incidents secret and treated as a matter of honor. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 70 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 5.1 General This section describes the outcomes of the public consultation sessions held with different stakeholders that may be directly or indirectly affected by the proposed project. The consultation with community and institutional stakeholders during project planning, designing and implementation stages is a key to sustainable development. Likewise, participation of stakeholders is essential to meet the objectives of meaningful consultation for preparation of ESMP. 5.2 Objectives and Principles of Consultation The consultation process provided a forum where information relevant to the project was disseminated to the stakeholder. This participation enabled the integration of local and indigenous knowledge into the project design. This not only fosters goodwill and success in the project but also leads to a conflict- free project implementation. The stakeholders including local community of 26 villages, government representatives, other regulators and the NGOs were met to appraise and discuss the environmental and social perspective of project activities. Their valuable concerns and suggestions were noted and thereafter incorporated in the Environmental and Social Management Plan. The objectives of the consultation process were to: • Identify, Inform and involve all stakeholders and local residents including females, minorities and disables, in the consultative and participation process; • Share information with stakeholders on the construction of the proposed project and expected impacts on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment; • Understand stakeholders’ concerns and perceptions regarding various aspects of the project, including the existing available facilities and the likely impacts of construction and operation related activities of proposed Project; and • Provide an opportunity to the public to provide valuable suggestions in the project design in a positive manner. 5.3 Consultation and Participation Process To ascertain the perceptions of different stakeholders about the project scope, its implementation, operation and evaluation, consultation meetings were conducted. The consultation process was carried out in accordance with the World Bank Guidelines on public consultation. A series of consultation sessions were carried out with stakeholders (Govt. departments, farmers, teachers, businessman, women etc.), in December 2022 & January 2023. Total 76 stakeholder consultation sessions were conducted details of sessions are presented in Annex-6. The project team chose sites that are easily accessible and barrier-free to accommodate all persons. The consultative sessions/meetings are held mostly at Monasteries (Dera)with both men and women separately. The minutes of the meeting from the focus group discussions Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 71 and community meetings have been noted down (listed in table20, table 21 and table 22) and can be shared with the participants (that chose to share their contact information) and the community . These consultative sessions were designed to exchange information, to discuss the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an idea or project. The consultation meetings proved very useful in information sharing and consensus building. 5.4 Identification of Stakeholders Project stakeholders were engaged in the review and discussions on various project aspects, social and environmental issues at the early stage of impact assessments for feedback. There are two categories of stakeholders in the project: Individual/Community Stakeholders Project beneficiaries for instance, Residents of the project area, Shopkeepers, Employees, Customers, Road Users, Vulnerable and Gender. Institutional Stakeholders • PRMSC, Environmental Protection Agency Punjab (EPA), Agriculture Department, Livestock Department Punjab, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital THQ. 5.5 Information Dissemination Following information was discussed and disclosed to the stakeholders during the consultation meetings: • Introduction of the project; • Description of various project components, their activities and impacts; • Discuss social and environmental impacts; • Needs, priorities and reactions of the affected people regarding the proposed projects’ impacts; and • Need of Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) in all villages to address the issues & concerns of stakeholders. For information dissemination to community, culturally appropriate techniques and local language was used. 5.6 Methods of Public Consultation Public Consultations were carried out in order to establish stakeholder’s opinions regarding project implementation. The following methods were used for public consultation and stakeholder's participation: Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 72 Focus group discussions Formal Informal meetings meetings Individual Scoping interviews sessions 5.7 Approach Adopted for the Consultation To hold the meetings, people were informed one day before the meeting to assemble in the villages. In addition, the consultant team contacted the council members and community representatives of each village and informed about the purpose of these consultation meetings. The representatives played a positive role in information dissemination to locals of villages. The meetings held in an encouraging environment where people expressed their concerns and views freely. Formal meetings and interviews were also conducted with female, vulnerable and disabled of the affected community, to explore their needs, problems and priorities related to project execution. In addition to the formal meetings, individual meetings/interviews were also held with the affected females to efficiently involve them in planning process. 5.8 Stakeholders Concerns towards the Project Concerns raised by the participants, particularly with regard to environmental and social impacts of the project have been listed in following Tables which shows concern and responses as derived from scheme wise consultation meetings. 5.9.1 Concerns and Issues Following Table 20 shows concerns and responses of public consultation meetings. Table 20: Findings of the Consultation Meetings Sr. Concerns Raised Locations Response No There is no public water supply and All 26 villages The objective of the proposed people rely on the conventional project is to provide clean 1 methods of water collection i.e. drinking water to all the residents Boreholes etc. of the community at their Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 73 Sr. Concerns Raised Locations Response No doorsteps through a piped network. There is no sewerage system and All 26 villages The sewage will be connected the sewage is being disposed of in through a piped network and will 2 open lands which create nuisance. be disposed of after adequate treatment through a wastewater treatment plant. There is no collection of solid waste All 26 villages A comprehensive solid waste and the waste is dumped directly in collection system will be the open plots and streets which developed and waste containers create nuisance shall be placed at appropriate 3 locations in the villages. PRMSC will collect the solid waste through bins and will transport it to the designated disposal site. The residents of the village are Kallar Kahar Water meters are already in the ready to pay the bills for the water Kot Momin plan as part of the project and will supply services. But they have Pakpattan be provided soon to the some concerns regarding the billing community. The water meter will 4 procedure. They want to know does be installed at the household billing based on household level whereas bulk water consumption, household size or metering is installed on each lump sum amount has to be paid. network. The construction activities will All 26 villages The contractor will ensure that cause inconvenience to local construction work do not create 5 residents due to hindrance in disturbance for local people’s routine activities access to the local route and their routine life activities. Noise and dust will be generated All 26 villages Regular sprinkling of water will be from construction activities and may carried out to control the dust cause health issues. emissions at the construction 6 site, whereas construction activities will be avoided during night time. Recreation facilities such as parks Kahror Pakka Provision of recreation facilities is and playgrounds should be Liaquatpur not the mandate of the proposed 7 provided. Bhawana project; however, the concern has been noted and will be reported to the higher authorities. Solid waste produced during Kallar Kahar The construction and other waste construction time is a major Kot momin generated at the site shall be 8 concern, should not be piled up in collected, stored and transported the project area; to the final disposal site by the contractor on daily basis. The water is not drinkable and there All 26 villages Waterborne diseases shall be are several waterborne diseases in reduced and there will be an 9 the project area improvement in public health with the provision of clean and healthy drinking water. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 74 Sr. Concerns Raised Locations Response No GST or OHR should be constructed Kot Momin, Kalar An OHR will be constructed as a 10 as a part of this project. Kahar part of this sub-project. All 26 villages Efforts will be made to protect as much trees / plants as possible. 11 Will there be tree cutting? Where avoidance will not be possible, the trees will be offset to nearby locations. Will employment opportunities be All 26 villages maximum workforce will be 12 generated for locals during the employed from the sub-project construction phase? area. How the land will be acquired? Will All 26 villages Primarily, the state land will be there be any compensation for the used for project interventions land. such as Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP), overhead reservoirs and water treatment systems. However, in case of unavailability of state land, private land through voluntary land donations – as an exception – will be obtained from 13 the land holders having considerable landholdings. Moreover, if there are informal users/occupiers on the state land, they will be assisted to relocate and provided with livelihood assistance as required in (OP 4.12 requirements on non- title land owners/users) for their loss (structures and income). People of nearby village asked, if Kallar Kahar Other villages of the vicinity will 14 the water supply and sewerage be included in the next phase of network will be provided to other the project. villages in the vicinity. 5.9 Consultations with Female Community Members Following Table 21 shows concerns and responses of gender consultation meetings. Table 21: Findings of the Consultation Meetings Sr. No Concerns Raised Locations Response Females shared their serious All 26 villages Covered drains are proposed in concern about sewer system as all selected villages. there is no proper sewerage 1 system in community. Drains are open which creates health issues. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 75 Sr. No Concerns Raised Locations Response Women have to go out to the Pakpattan, Kot Momin, The issue will be resolved if 2 watercourses for washing Khairpur Tamiwali village is provided with the piped clothes water supply network. Privacy issues were raised by Kalar Kahar Labour should be bound to work local females of village due to and stay in the designated area 3 the construction work of labour or camp sites. Proper training will in the project area. be provided to the workers to avoid any gender related issue. Woman show the security All 26 villages Security should be ensured so 4 concern in moving the villages. woman could move in the village easily. Most of the colleges are in the Bhowana Provision of educational facilities town and a great percentage of is not the mandate of the girls quit the education as it is proposed project; however, the 5 difficult for them to go for concern has been noted and will education be reported to the higher authorities. Poor transportation is one of the Liaqatpur, Kehror Provision of transportation concerns highlighted by the Pakka, Khairpur facilities is not the mandate of the woman as it would become Tamilwai proposed project; however, the 6 difficult for the woman to go to concern has been noted and will school and college for seeking be reported to the higher education well as for job authorities. purpose in the nearby town. Women were unsatisfied with Kalar Kahar, Water related issues will be the water quality Bhawalnager, resolved after the implementation 7 Liaqatpur, Bhowana of various subprojects under PRMSC Awareness should be raised in All 26 villages Local representatives should the villages regarding water, conduct awareness programs to 8 sanitation and hygiene services educate the community regarding water, sanitation and hygiene services. Family parks for women and Kehror Pakka, Provision of recreational facilities 9 children should be constructed Khairpur Tamiwali, is not the mandate of the in the villages. Liaqatpur proposed project. Proper arrangements should be All 26 villages Accessibility shall be not blocked 10 provided for the safe mobility of completely and alternate women in all communities passages shall be provided. 5.10 Consultation with Institutional Stakeholders Table 22 shows the concerns of institutional stakeholders. Table 22:Concerns of Relevant Government Departments Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 76 Sr. Coverage Points of Discussion Department Response No. /Apprehensions 1 Environmental Chiniot Project team described the project All the suggestions Protection location and proposed activities to shall be incorporated. Department District Environmental Officer and Institutional inquired about their apprehensions/ consultations are suggestions regarding the project; already underway • In conducting ESMP, Scoping and efforts shall be sessions and Individual interviews made to take all the should be conducted with all stakeholders on stakeholders. board. • Social issues regarding private land acquisition, were discussed in detail. • Baseline should be developed separately according to the baseline conditions of Chiniot. • Public Hearings must be done so that stakeholders who have different types of stakes along with their apprehensions can be listed down easily. 2 Agriculture Bhowana The project team described the Sewerage Department project location and proposed treatment plant is activities to Deputy Director and A.D the part of Bhowana and inquired about their proposed project. apprehensions/ suggestions regarding the project; PRMSC will ensure • Deputy Director tells about the that wastewater will major crops are Sugarcane and be used for Rice cultivated in the project area. irrigation (if The wastewater should not be used needed) after for agriculture purposes without adequate treatment treatment through a sewage treatment plant 3 Livestock Pakpattan The project team described the The proposed Department project location and proposed project will provide activities to Artificial Inseminations clean drinking water Technician and inquired about their to all the residents of apprehensions/ suggestions the selected villages regarding the project; and the provision of • Waterborne disease and viral water for portable disease in animals were discussed use include water for the animal’s activities. Waterborne diseases in animals will be resolved after the implementation of this project. 4 Tehsil Bhowana Project team described the project The objective of the Headquarter location and proposed activities to proposed project is Hospital THQ MS Hospital and inquired about their to provide clean Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 77 Sr. Coverage Points of Discussion Department Response No. /Apprehensions apprehensions/ suggestions drinking water to all regarding the project; the residents of the • Show some serious concern selected villages at regarding water borne diseases. their doorsteps • Every third person in Tehsil through a piped Bhawana suffering from Hepatitis. network. • Due to lack of infrastructure and Waterborne transportation facilities in villages, itdiseases will be become difficult for the patient to resolved after the reach the THQ. implementation of this project. 5 Municipal Liaquatpur The Project team described the Discussed the scope Committee project location and proposed and main features of activities Tehsil Manager and the project. Assistant Manager and inquired about their apprehensions/ suggestions regarding the project; • Discussion on field planning and effective approach to adequately cover all the field aspects and collect requisite data. The possible constraints in data acquisition were discussed and an effective way out was decided. 6 Agriculture Lahore, Punjab The Project team described the PRMSC will ensure Department project location and proposed that wastewater will activities Field officer and inquired be used for irrigation about their apprehensions/ (if needed) after suggestions regarding the project; adequate treatment. • Field officer talked about the major crops are Wheat and cotton cultivated in the project area. • The wastewater should not be used for agriculture purposes without treatment • Treated water is used for irrigation purposes Only individual-level solar tube well is present 7 Punjab Irrigation Lahore, Punjab The Project team described the PRMSC will ensure Department project location and proposed that wastewater will activities to Executive Engineer and be used for irrigation inquired about their apprehensions/ (if needed) after suggestions regarding the project; adequate treatment. • The wastewater should not be No wastewater is used for agriculture purposes going to be without treatment disposed in the any • Treated water is used for irrigation canal/ nearby water purposes body. Treated waste should be dispose in canals. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 78 Sr. Coverage Points of Discussion Department Response No. /Apprehensions 8 Tehsil Kahror Pakka The Project team described the The objective of the Headquarter project location and proposed proposed project is Hospital THQ activities to MS Hospital and Deputy to provide clean Director Livestock and inquired about drinking water to all their apprehensions/ suggestions regarding the project; the residents of the • Show some serious concern selected villages at regarding water borne diseases. their doorsteps • Every third person in Tehsil suffering through a piped from Hepatitis. network. Due to lack of infrastructure and Waterborne transportation facilities in villages, it diseases will be become difficult for the patient to resolved after the reach the THQ. implementation of this project. 9 Livestock Sahiwal The proejct team described the The proposed Department project location and proposed project will provide activities Deputy Director Livestock clean drinking water and inquired about their to all the residents of apprehensions/ suggestions the selected villages regarding the project; and the provision of Waterborne disease and viral disease water for portable in animals were discussed use include water for the animal’s activities. Waterborne diseases in animals will be resolved after the implementation of this project. 10 Environment Liaquatpur The Project team described the All the suggestions Protection project location and proposed shall be incorporated. Department activities to Assistant Director District Institutional Office and inquired about their consultations are apprehensions/ suggestions regarding the project; already underway • In conducting ESMP, Scoping and efforts shall be sessions and Individual interviews made to take all the should be conducted with all stakeholders on stakeholders. board. • Social issues regarding private land acquisition, were discussed in detail. • Baseline should be developed separately according to the baseline conditions of Liaquatpur Public Hearings must be done so that stakeholders who have different types of stakes along with their apprehensions can be listed down easily. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 79 Sr. Coverage Points of Discussion Department Response No. /Apprehensions 11 Department of Pakpattan The project team described the No wastewater is Fisheries project location and proposed going to be activities Field officer and inquired disposed in the any about their apprehensions/ nearby water body. suggestions regarding the project; Deputy Director District Office tells So, no aquatic life is about the breed of fishes in that area. going to be affect by this project. 12 Department of Rahim Yar Khan The project team described the There is no forest in Forest project location and proposed the project boundary activities DFO and inquired about or near the project their apprehensions/ suggestions boundary that is regarding the project; going to be affect. • Show their concerns about the forest in Rahim Yar Khan 13 Public Health Punjab The Client team described the project Lesson learned will Engineering location and objectives, as PHED is be considered in Department also working in the same domain it project planning and was requested to share their work designing phase to plan for the relevant tehsils with PRMSC to avoid duplication of improve service services or infrastructure. Moreover delivery. PHED share their lesson learned to improve the service delivery. 5.11 Consultation with NGO According to stakeholder consultations and institutional stakeholder consultations, Punjab Rural Support Programme (PRSP) and National Rural Support Programme (NRSP) are working in Tehsil Liaqatpur, Kehror Pakka, Khairpur Tamiwali, and Bhawalangar areas. The scope of both NGOs is WASH, which is also within the mandate of PRMSC. Similarly, Akhoowat and Kashaf are also working in Tehsil Pakpattan, Bhowana, and Kot Momin, providing microfinance and small scale loan services. Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) were also reported in Tehsil Bhowana and Liaqatpur, working to support marriages, funeral prayers, and other financial needs of the community. CBOs can play an important role in social mobilization, behavior change in target villages, and tariff collection and O&M of the schemes. 5.12 Pressing Needs of the Consulted Villages Suggested by Local People Local people were consulted to determine the most pressing needs in the project area as perceived by them. The most important needs identified were the provision of water supply and sewerage systems, as well as schools, hospitals/dispensaries, and vocational training institutes for construction work. Due to restricted mobility, locals suggested that a friendly grievance mechanism be developed in all villages to address their concerns during the construction period. Additionally, they recommended that guidance and support be provided to local people for registration of complaints in proposed grievance mechanism. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 80 5.13 Disclosure of ESMP Public disclosure enables affected groups and interested parties to understand likely implications of the project and to provide input into project design. It promotes dialogue among stakeholders i.e. government, community, NGOs and implementing agencies. As per OP 4.01, the environmental and social aspects must be discussed with the stakeholders. The objectives of public disclosure are to aid meaningful public consultation and to ensure transparency of World Bank operations to its stakeholders and constituents. The safeguard documents will be disclosed on the website of PRMSC and on the World Bank external website. Presentations containing project information and relevant aspects of public interest will be delivered to the public. Furthermore, project brochures, handouts of presentations, and executive summaries of ESMP in Urdu and English languages will also be distributed to the public. After the approval, Copies of the ESMP shall be made available to communities and interested parties in accessible locations through local government authorities, (e.g., Village councils, district offices etc.) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 81 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 6.1 General This chapter identifies the beneficial as well as the potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts of the proposed project activities during design/ pre- construction, construction and operational phases of the proposed project on the physical, ecological and socio-economic domains of the environment. The appropriate mitigation and remedial measures are proposed in this chapter. A brief description of each aspect and the affected environment in the project area are presented below. 6.2 Scoping of Impacts Potential environmental and social impacts from the proposed Project on key environmental and socio-economic features were identified through the following actions: • Demarcation of the Area of Influence (AoI); • Desk study of engineering investigations, studies and designs; • Environmental monitoring of air, noise, surface water, wastewater and groundwater; • Detailed review and analysis of primary and secondary data available for all environmental parameters in Project area such as physical, ecological and social resources; • Socio-Economic survey to assess the extent of land acquisition, occupation, income and poverty levels of the affected households; • Consultations with executing and implementing agencies, local government, affected community, and traditional and religious leaders of the community; • Stakeholder consultations with relevant departments, government agencies, NGOs and locals; and • Knowledge assimilation of international best practices on environmental assessment of infrastructure projects. 6.3 Methodology Selection of an appropriate and customized methodology for the impact assessment is critical for the ESMP study. The impacts have been assessed based on the proposed project life cycle i.e., in Pre-Construction, Construction and Operational and Maintenance (O&M) stages. For the identification of the potentially significant and non-significant environmental and social impacts, different tools were utilized as detailed below: 6.3.1 Screening Checklist Based on the findings of desk studies and processed satellite imageries, screening checklists were prepared to screen out the potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts during pre-construction, construction and operational phase of the proposed project. The objective of the impact screening is to assess the significance of the issues related to the atmosphere, climate, water resources, land resources, ecological environment, socio- economic environment, transport, infrastructure and communication, natural risks, hazards and external constraints of the Project for the proposed development. After the compilation of Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 82 baseline information and processing of acquired satellite imagery, the screening checklist was filled to screen out the adverse impact of the proposed Project during the pre-construction, construction and operational phases. Then a screening report was prepared and submitted for the perusal of the Client and WB. 6.3.2 Notion of Significance Taking into account these criteria, potential significance was classified as either: Low: an impact for which no mitigation is necessary; Medium/moderate: an impact that requires effective mitigation; and High: an impact, which, if not mitigated, could stop the Project from proceeding. Reversible/Irreversible: Changes considered irreversible, for example, the loss of biodiversity due to a change in water quality; The potentially significant impacts were then further investigated in more detail to make a comprehensive assessment of the actual impacts. 6.3.3 Study Area/ Area of Influence Refer Chapter 4: Description of the Environment, Section 4.3. 6.4 Environmental & Social Considerations (E&S) in Project Design Environmental and social (E&S) aspects have been given due considerations in the project design to make the project sustainable, environmentally friendly and socially acceptable. E&S considerations in project design are summarized below: • The depth of sewer lines has been kept low in waterlogged villages of Liaquatpur; to avoid groundwater contamination of shallow aquifer. Same practices will be applicable for similar conditions. • Sewers shall be laid at least 1m away from water supply lines (except for few street in each village, where the street width is less than 2 meters. • In all cases, the sewer lines shall be laid below water pipeline (the difference between top of the sewer and bottom of water pipeline shall be at least 300 mm); • Designed manhole covers to withstand anticipated loads & ensure that the covers can be readily replaced if broken to minimize silt/ garbage entry; • Ensured sufficient hydraulic capacity to accommodate peak flows & adequate slope in gravity mains to ensure self-cleansing velocity in order to prevent built up of solids and hydrogen sulfide generation; • All structural, layout and engineering designing are in strict accordance with the applicable codes and engineering standard; • The location of overhead water tanks, pumping station and STP have been finalized in close consultation with local community and representatives of local authorities; • Tree cutting has been avoided; • Efficient seepage control measures have been considered in selection of pipe materials during the planning stage; • Effluent generated during construction phase will be treated through septic tanks. • Alignments of sewerage and water supply lines have been carefully selected to minimize disturbance to public utilities; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 83 • Relocation of the public utilities, if any, shall be planned and approved in consultation with relevant departments/authorities/stakeholders before project commencement to avoid inconvenience to the public; 6.5 Anticipated Impacts during Pre-Construction/Design Phase Impacts envisaged during Pre-construction/ Design Phase and the recommended mitigation measures are given below: 6.5.1 Layout Planning & Design Potential Impact Incompatible layout plans and engineering designs of the proposed project can undermine the overall aesthetics and ambience of the project area. Mis-utilization of the available spaces may result in a design with low social acceptability and functionality. This impact will be permanent and moderately adverse. Mitigation Measures • All structural, layout and engineering designs of the project are in strict accordance with the applicable national and international guidelines/ codes/ standards and engineering practices; • The layouts of water supply and sewerage networks have been adjusted to cover the whole project area. The water supply system is a loop based system and the sewerage system is based on gravity where the slopes have been provided to ensure gravity flow with adequate velocity. 6.5.2 Environmentally Responsive Design Considerations Potential Impact Designing the project components without considering the prospective and futuristic needs can result in structures with low social acceptability and functionality. Improper-designed sewers may not carry the waste load, leading to system-failure and financial losses. The alignment of sewer lines and locations of sewerage pumping station and STP must be properly planned, or else it may lead to both technical and social problems along with environmental issues of backflow creating foul smell and unhygienic conditions. There are chances of infiltration from sewers which may contaminate the soil and underground water resources. The seepage may also affect the water supply lines and contaminate the potable water. The construction of high-rise overhead water tanks may cause visual obstruction. The surrounding community may face privacy issues and it may also cause blockage of direct sunlight. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 84 Mitigation Measures • All sewer lines including trunk, lateral and branch sewer lines have been designed considering the future population and waste generation rate; • Limit the sewer depth where possible; • Sewers will be laid 1m away from water supply lines if the width of the street will be sufficient to do so. • In all cases, the sewer lines shall be laid below water pipeline (the difference between top of the sewer and bottom of water pipeline shall be at least 300 mm); • Designed manhole covers to withstand anticipated loads & ensure that the covers can be readily replaced if broken to minimize silt/ garbage entry; • Ensured sufficient hydraulic capacity to accommodate peak flows & adequate slope in gravity mains to ensure self-cleansing velocity in order prevent to built-up of solids. • The location of overhead water tanks, pumping stations and STP have been finalized in close consultation with local community and representatives of local authorities. 6.5.3 Groundwater Potential Impact Groundwater contamination may occur during construction by the improper handling of construction material (fuel, lubricant, bitumen, asphalt etc.) or sanitary water from construction camps and domestic sewage. During operation probability of seepage through the sewers may also contaminate groundwater. This impact is permanent and moderate negative in nature. Mitigation Measures • Construction materials that may lead to groundwater contamination will be properly handled and stored. • Procedure for efficient jointing of selected sewer pipes will be applied to avoid leakage from pipes; • Alternate sewage disposal arrangements have been suggested in design to cater the sewage flow, generated from the project area, during construction phase. 6.5.4 Surface Water Potential Impact There is no existing piped sewerage network or pumping station in the village. There is one large sewage pond in the villages where sewage is disposed by unplanned drains. Thus, endangering the environment of the vicinity. The openly flooded sewage causes nuisance in terms of foul smell and serves as breeding ground for disease causing vectors. Some sewage is also used to irrigate nearby crops. There will be net environmental improvement in terms of sewage collection thus reducing sewage ponding in the project area and enabling adequate treatment of wastewater. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 85 Mitigation Measures • The sewage will be collected through a piped network; • An STP based on ABR technology will be established to treat the sewage; • The treated effluent as per PEQS will be discharged into the existing watercourses i.e nullahs, for agricultural purposes. 6.5.5 Seismic Hazard Potential Impact According to the seismic zoning map of Pakistan, the project area is located in Seismic Zone 2A except Kallar Kaha which is located in Seismic Zone 2B. A low to moderate-intensity earthquake impacting the project site can adversely impact the development. This factor requires special consideration of the designers as project structures (especially overhead water tanks and STP) may be affected negatively in case of earthquake tremors and the significance of damage depends upon the severity of earthquake. Mitigation Measures • The components of the proposed project include laying of underground water supply network, sewer lines, construction of overhead water tanks, pumping station and STP have been designed to withstand moderate earthquakes; and • To mitigate the seismic hazard, Seismic Building Code of Pakistan 2007 (SBC-07) has been adopted. This code specifies minimum requirements for seismic safety of buildings/ structures and has to be applied and used by engineers in conjunction with the necessary understanding of the concepts of structural, geotechnical and earthquake engineering. 6.5.6 Damage to Existing Infrastructure Potential Impact The proposed project interventions are mostly subsurface activities and are likely to affect the existing infrastructure. Public utilities such as electric poles might get affected during construction activities and movement of machinery and the community will face temporary electricity cuts. Furthermore, the roads will be cut for laying of water and sewerage pipes and will create accessibility issues. Mitigation Measures • Alignment of water supply and sewerage network carefully selected to minimize disturbance to public utilities; • Relocation of the public utilities shall be planned and approved in consultation with relevant departments/authorities/stakeholders before project commencement if any, to avoid inconvenience to the public; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 86 • The local community will be informed before the relocation of services (if any) and schedule of relocation services will be prepared after consultation with the community to minimize inconvenience to the public; 6.5.7 Physical Cultural Resources Potential Impact No historical/ archeological site is present in the project area. However, some cultural resources including mosques, graveyard and shrines are present. People visit the mosques five times a day. Shrines and graveyard are visited occasionally by the surrounding community and devotees. These will not be directly affected but the people may face access issues in visiting these facilities. Mitigation Measures • The alternative access routes will be provided in case the access has to be restricted during execution period; and • There must not be any physical impact on the physical and cultural resources in the project area. 6.5.8 Fire Fighting System Potential Impact Absence of a firefighting system may cause severe damage to the camp site and surrounding crops and houses during construction phase. Mitigation Measures • Contractor will provide an efficient firefighting system (i.e fire alarm and fire extinguishers) for campsite, workshop and construction site; and • Campsite will be established in an area with easy access to the water source, helpful in firefighting in case of any incident. 6.5.9 Land Acquisition The main focus of the project is to install sewers and water supply lines, which will require the use of existing streets and roads for right-of-way (ROW). If private streets or roads are encountered, the project team will consult with landowners prior to commencing any construction activities to gain permission for the use of their land. As shown in Table-6 Land Requirement, private land will only be needed in five out of the eight tehsils, and the private land requirement is only one-third of the total land requirement in the priority villages. In Bhowana, Liaqatpur, Kehror Pakka, and Bahawalnagar, a total of 1598 Marla of state land is required, while only 511 Marla of private land is required in Tehsil Pakpattan, Kalar Kahar, Kot Momin, Bhawalnager, Khairpur Tamiwali, and Kahror Pakka. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 87 Additionally, private land will only be used through voluntarily land donation. In areas where state land is available, a larger portion of land will be acquired through the NOC process to accommodate any future expansion, while the use of private land will be kept to a minimum to reduce the impact on landowners. The land requirement has also been optimized based on the water source. In Tehsil Liaqatpur, the initial feasibility report indicated the need for state land acquisition for the pipe network solution, but after further technical investigation, it was determined that the lined canal system is not a promising water source. Therefore, initially, standposts and septic tanks will be installed for the community, and in the future, if the water source proves promising, pipe network will be provided. Hence, a smaller portion of land is currently required in this case. Process of VLD is given in Annex- 7. Priority will be given to the state land that is free of encumbrances and if state land is not available, beneficiary of the project areas will be expected to donate land – as an exception - for project interventions. In case there is no state land or private land through VLD is available, PRMSC will consider the option of land acquisition, after developing and implementing a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) approved by the World Bank. Compensation will be paid in accordance with the resettlement framework outlined in the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Similarly, in case the state land – proposed for the project – is being used by informal occupants (i.e. squatters, illegal occupants, etc.), appropriate compensation for relocation and loss of livelihood will be provided to the claimants. Mitigation Measures • Primarily, state land will be used for the project infrastructure activities, however, in case of unavailability of state land, private land through Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) will be considered – as an exception. • Additionally, in order to minimize the potential negative socio-economic impacts of land acquisition, minimum parcel of land has been proposed to meet the needs of the proposed project in case of private land; unlike in the cases of state land where – considering the future needs of the project expansion – sufficient parcel of state land has been acquired/ proposed. • In case there is no state land or private land through VLD is available, PRMSC will consider the option of land acquisition, after developing and implementing a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) approved by the World Bank. Compensation will be paid in accordance with the resettlement framework outlined in the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). • Furthermore, the approval / NoL for each VLD case will be sought exclusively from the World Bank. • A VLD checklist form has also been developed to assess the potential negative socio- economic and livelihood impacts of private land acquisition (Annexure-7A). • Besides the VLD checklist, VLD tracking sheet has also been developed (attached as Annexure-7B) which will be continuously updated, the same will be available for monitoring of VLD status. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 88 • Without any transparent consent land will not be used through VLD (Procedure as per Annex 7 will be followed plus use of a screening form that assesses the impact of the VLD on the prospective donor is provided at Annex-7A); • In case of private donors, only less than 10% of their land could be obtained; • 100% compliance will be ensured of VLD procedure given in ESMP; • VLD process will be executed by the PRMSC itself, and will not be devolved to any private parties (consultants or contractors). • Before start of construction activities, it will be ensured that the land (private or public) is free from any form of encumbrances or where there are informal users, they are appropriately provided relocation assistance - in accordance with OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement - before taking possession of land. 6.6 Anticipated Impacts during Construction Phase Anticipated Impacts during Construction Phase and the recommended mitigation measures are given below: 6.6.1 Topography Potential Impact The construction activities are not expected to impact the topography of the area significantly except for those areas where physical activities i.e., earthwork is involved as well as stocking of material. The excavated material is to be mostly backfilled and the excessive material will be transported to strengthen the roadsides or will be dumped at the designated locations. This impact is site-specific, temporary, reversible, possible, and low significant. Mitigation Measures • Material stockpiles will be removed as soon as work is completed and the area will be reinstated; • Temporary storage sites will be allocated for the storage of excavated material; • Temporary storage sites will be lined and must not allow infiltration; • The stockpiles must be covered with tarpaulin sheets or other adequate material; • Pilling of material at large extent will not be allowed and the contractor will timely remove excavated material from the site. 6.6.2 Soil Erosion Potential Impact The soil would be exposed to erosion due to excavations for laying of sewers and water supply pipes. Construction activities such as clearing, excavation, filling, grading and setting up construction camps will affect the existing soil condition in the study area/ AoI. The clearing of vegetation can also loosen the soil and make it more susceptible to erosion due to wind and rain. There is also a possibility of silt runoff during rainy season causing soil erosion. This Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 89 impact can be categorized as low adverse, site-specific, long-term, highly probable and reversible. Mitigation Measures • Good engineering practices such as proper compaction of backfill material and special slope protection measures will be adopted during the construction stage. • Use of heavy machinery will be restricted as far as possible to avoid the destruction of soil structure; • Confining excavations to the specified spots as per the approved engineering drawings and unnecessary excavations should be avoided; • Stored excavated material shall be covered and preferably reused, e.g., in construction as backfill etc. • Cutting of trees will be avoided to the best possibility to avoid soil erosion. 6.6.3 Soil Contamination Potential Impact Contamination of soil may be caused by oil and chemical spills from construction machinery or uncontrolled runoff from equipment washing yards. This impact is permanent and minor negative in nature. Mitigation Measures • Chemicals/ hazardous products and wastes will be stored on impermeable surfaces in secure, covered areas with clear labelling of containers and with a tray or bund to contain leaks; • All construction wastes from the site will be regularly collected and transported to approved waste disposal sites; • Awareness of emergency spill response procedures will be provided to the workers on-site; 6.6.4 Trench Failure Potential Impact The major construction activities involve excavation operations for laying water supply and sewerage lines. The major hazard associated with the excavation operations is trench failure. The unstable slopes may fail and settle in the trenches which may cause injuries and fatalities to the workers. This impact is probable, site specific and high adverse in nature. Mitigation Measures • Careful selection of the site for excavation in light of soil investigation is inevitable • Provision of adequate shuttering in the trenches; • Leftover shuttering may also be used in case of loose soil strata. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 90 6.6.5 Construction Camps/Camp Sites Potential Impact Improper construction camp location and mismanagement of construction camp activities can lead to various social and environmental impacts which may include noise, health and safety, traffic problems, soil degradation, loss of vegetation and assets on the selected land, solid waste and water pollution. Furthermore, cultural differences, the behavior of construction workers, potential disregard for local cultural norms can lead to increased tension between local communities and workers residing in the construction camps. This impact is temporary and moderately negative in nature. Mitigation Measures • Working hours of noisy activities will be limited to normal daytime working hours when near identified sensitive receptors; • Waste Management Plan will be implemented to include procedures for the classification, storage and disposal of all construction wastes and the training of employees who handle hazardous materials; and • Construction camps will be established away from populated areas and NOC/lease agreement will be obtained from private land owners. • Regular training of workers will be carried out regarding local cultural norms, human behaviour, gender issues and GRM by the contractor during construction activities at site. • Implementation of code of conduct 6.6.6 Water Quality Potential Impact Runoff from the construction works site may contain an increased load of sediments, suspended solids and other contaminants. Potential sources of pollution from the site include: • Runoff and erosion from exposed soil surfaces, earthwork areas and stockpiles e.g., grouting and cement material with the rain; • Wash water from dust suppression sprays; • Fuel and lubricants from maintenance of construction vehicles and mechanical equipment; • Spillage of liquids stored on-site such as oil, diesel, and solvents etc. are likely to result in water pollution; and • Uncontrolled discharge of debris and garbage such as packaging, construction material and refuse. Construction waste, if left unattended will result in forming leachate that will percolate through the soil strata and will reach underground water table and hence, will end up contaminating groundwater. There is a probability that various materials like fuel, lubricant oil and other oily Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 91 products, which are used during the construction phase may contaminate groundwater and channels carrying water. There is no major surface water body near the project sites, however, canal distributaries and watercourses are present for irrigation purposes which may get contaminated. Mitigation Measures • Protection of groundwater reserves from any source of contamination such as the construction and oil waste by making the ground impermeable through sheets or compaction; • Stockpiles of cement and other construction materials will be kept covered when not being used; • Maintenance of vehicles will be carried out only in impermeable areas where any oil spillages can be contained; • Careful planning of the works to avoid soil excavation works during rainy seasons; • Controlled activities will be undertaken during monsoon and careful attention must be paid to weather forecast before excavation operations. • All kinds of waste will be stored in covered containers and disposed of safely as soon as possible; and • By proper C&D waste management system in place, the contractor will ensure that construction debris does not find its way into the drainage or irrigation channels. 6.6.7 Air Quality Potential Impact Air quality will be affected by various construction activities like emissions from generator stack vehicular exhaust, VOCs from uncovered gasoline i.e petrol/diesel, and manoeuvring of construction and public vehicles on construction site. Emissions may be spread over longer distances depending upon the wind speed, direction, temperature of surrounding air and atmospheric stability. In certain climatic condition such as hot summer, airborne dust can become a major nuisance if control techniques are not properly employed. The air emissions may cause health impacts such as dryness and roughness of the throat, eyes, nose, etc. to the workers, staff of the contractor and the residents of area. These emissions may also affect the bio-physical environment. The impact is negative and temporary in nature. Mitigation Measures • All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will be kept in good working condition, properly tuned and maintained to minimize the exhaust emissions; • Open burning of solid waste from the contractor’s camps will be strictly banned; • Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) like masks, goggles and gloves etc. will be provided to workers; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 92 • PEQS applicable to gaseous emissions generated by construction vehicles, equipment and machinery will be enforced during construction works. • Regular water sprinkling on the site and access roads will be carried out to suppress excessive dust emission(s); • Blowing of dust and particulate matter from stockpiled loose materials (e.g., sand, soil) will be avoided either by sheeting them with tarpaulin or plastic sheets or by sprinkling them with light shower of water; • The vehicles carrying construction materials and the construction material storage areas will be covered with tarpaulin. • Sensitive receptors of the area will be informed accordingly 6.6.8 Noise Potential Impact Noise level is expected to increase during construction activities. Main sources of noise and vibration will be heavy machinery such as excavators and other equipment. Noise generated by construction machinery is likely to affect sensitive receptors located within AoI. Health risks associated with exposure to continuous noise levels include high blood pressure, hypertension, annoyance and sleep disturbance, temporary threshold shift etc. The impacts of noise will be temporary and highly adverse in nature. Mitigation Measures • Construction workers will be provided suitable hearing protection like ear cap, or earmuffs and training them in their use; • Selection of up-to-date and well-maintained equipment with reduced noise levels will be ensured by suitable in-built damping techniques or appropriate muffling devices; and • Residents will be notified earlier before the commencement of excavation operations. • Construction activities will be restricted to the day-time. • Sensitive receptors will be informed accordingly. 6.6.9 Municipal and Construction Waste/ Wastewater Potential Impact Due to construction activities municipal and construction waste will be generated from construction activities. The waste will include wastewater, domestic waste and construction waste etc. Improper dumping of waste may generate odor and attract mosquitoes and other disease vectors. Waste bins containing toxic, flammable and corrosive materials may pose a hazard to the workers when handled without PPEs. Unsuited waste disposal site selection may pose Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 93 a serious health concern to the locals and workers onsite. The impact is temporary and minor negative in nature. Mitigation Measures • Solid waste generated during construction and campsites will be safely stored, collected, transported and disposed of at the selected disposal site and the contractor will provide and implement a comprehensive solid waste management plan; • Burning of waste will be prohibited; • Proper labeling of containers, including the identification and quantity of the contents, hazard contact information etc; • Closed waste storage bins will be provided on-site to store waste. 6.6.10 Chance of Finding Artifacts Potential Impact During excavation, there is a chance of finding artifacts. In case of finding any artifact, the contractor will immediately stop the activities and report through Supervision Consultant to Directorate General (DG) of Archeology, Government of Punjab to take further appropriate action to preserve those antiques or sensitive remains. Chance find procedures are attached as Annexure 3. 6.6.11 Resource Conservation Potential Impact The materials used in the construction of proposed project would include coarse aggregates (crush), fine aggregates (sand), brick ballast, water and cement etc. Almost all the materials to be used in the construction of proposed project are non-renewable and therefore their sustainable use is necessary for future use. Large quantities of water will be used in the construction of concrete pipes, drains, pumping stations, STP, cradles and in watering the unfinished surfaces. Diesel and residual fuel oils will be used to operate construction machinery and equipment. Sustainable use of energy resources is very important and it will also help to reduce air emissions. For conservation of energy, efficiency of the engines and burning processes is very important. Mitigation Measures • Wastage of water will be reduced by training the workers involved in water use; • Water jets and sprays will be used for watering surfaces rather than using overflow system. • Reuse of construction waste materials will be considered. • The efficient and well-maintained equipment and machinery will be used. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 94 • The equipment and machinery will be turned off when not in use. 6.6.12 Biodiversity Conservation Flora Potential Impact On account of construction of the proposed water supply and sewerage system, no trees are envisaged to be cut/disturbed but some herbs or shrubs may be required to be removed for excavation. The dust emissions due to excavation operations will stick to the leaves of existing trees and may close their stomata thus hindering the photosynthesis process. Reduced photosynthesis may also reduce the productivity of existing trees. This impact is however temporary but minor negative in nature. Further, during construction activities the Contractor’s workers may damage the vegetation and trees (for use as fire-wood to fulfill the camp's requirements). Mitigation Measures • The Contractor’s staff and labour will be strictly directed not to damage any vegetation such as trees or bushes. They will use the paths and tracks for movement and will not be allowed to trespass through farmlands; • Contractor will provide gas cylinders at the camps for cooking purposes and cutting of trees/ bushes for fuel will not be allowed. Fauna Potential Impact There will be no damage to health and life of local animals mostly cats, dogs and jackals and especially the livestock i.e., goats and cows due to construction activities. Some reptiles and insects may get killed/ injured during excavation operations. Mitigation Measures • Excavations will be limited to the approved engineering drawings; • Physical barricades will be provided at critical location near construction sites for restricted movement • Harassing of animals will be prohibited. 6.6.13 Health and Safety A. Occupational Health and Safety Potential Impact Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 95 OHS-related risks include working at height (at excavation site & OHT construction site) Health risks and workers safety problems may result at the workplace if the working conditions provide an unsafe and/or unfavorable working environment. The health and safety issues are also associated with the operation of construction machinery and equipment, which may cause minor and severe injuries to workers. It will be a long-term and severe negative impact. Mitigation Measures • Obligatory insurance against accidents for labourers/workers; • Providing basic medical training to specified work staff and basic medical service and supplies to workers; • The Contractor’s Health and Safety Officer will identify, record, and subsequently send the deployment and activity plan to the supervision consultant’s Health & Safety Expert (HSE) who will analyze the hazards of the job and issue the No Objection Certificate (NOC), accordingly. • Layout plan for camp site, indicating safety measures taken by the contractor, e.g., firefighting equipment, safe storage of hazardous material, first aid, security, fencing, and contingency measures in case of accidents; • Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) i.e., ear muffs, masks, safety shoes, gloves etc.; • Use of safety signs at the construction site, as shown below. B. Community Health and Safety Potential Impact The construction activities and vehicular movement at construction sites may result in roadside accidents particularly inflicting local communities who are not familiar with presence of heavy equipment. This is a temporary and moderate negative impact. The labors with different transmittable diseases (e.g., COVID-19) may cause spread out of those diseases in the local residents. Open trenches and deep manhole may cause trip & fall accidents for the local residents. Mitigation Measures • Medical screening of the laborers for communicable diseases will be conducted before hiring. Medical screenings are a basic requirement before the hiring of labour to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. However, on the basis of these screenings, diseased potential workers will not be barred from work; instead, necessary measures will be taken to prevent the spread of these diseases. • The site will be restricted for the entry of irrelevant people particularly children. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 96 • Provision of proper safety and diversion signage, particularly at sensitive/accident- prone spots; • Setting up speed limits within the village. • COVID-19 SOPs will be followed at work site and construction camps, if any announced by the Government of Punjab during construction period • Open trenches and deep excavated manholes will be protected by fence/barricade to avoid any accident. • Night time lighting will also be provided. • Awareness campaign regarding HSE will also be provided to local community including at schools. • Awareness/ training session of labourers will be conducted to promote clean behaviour practices and to curtail medical issues. C. Emergency Response (Natural and Man-Made Disasters) Potential Impact Natural calamities such as flood and man-made disasters such as fire, falls, slips and trips may result in injuries, financial losses and may even lead to deaths. Flooding can result in inundation of the village area and excavation / trenches which may leads to accidents or can damage the infrastructure of the project activities. Similarly, during operation it can affect the water supply, and sewerage system. The workers will be trained and facilitated to cope with such emergencies. Mitigation Measures • Training of the staff/employees regarding the emergency procedures/plans will be regularly conducted; • Emergency numbers will be clearly posted; and • First aid boxes will be provided. • Minor incidents and near misses will be reported and preventive measures will be formulated accordingly. 6.6.14 Traffic Management Potential Impact The traffic influx within the villages is very low. Most of the traffic within the villages include motorbikes and few cars. The project interventions will not create traffic congestion issues in the project area. However, their movement will be disturbed due to the excavation and construction works and people may face accessibility issues. This impact is temporary and major negative in nature. Mitigation Measures Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 97 • The construction activities will be carried out in pockets/reaches, once a patch has been completed (i.e., pipes are laid and covered) then excavation on new patch shall be started; • Local community will be taken on board to plan alternate access routes in connecting streets to ensure mobility of local traffic; and • Plan work in a minimum possible time. 6.6.15 Nuisance/ Disturbance to Sensitive Receptors (Educational, Health and Religious Places) Potential Impact Since the proposed interventions will be carried out within the village boundaries, therefore, the socially sensitive sites/places including schools, hospitals and religious centers will be temporarily affected due to dust, noise and the community will face accessibility issues due to open trenches. Dust due to earthworks will create health hazard to children and people with ailments. This impact is temporary and major negative in nature. Mitigation Measures • Work will be conducted near the religious places with due social diligence and after informing all stakeholders • Material transport to the site will be scheduled considering school timings; • Notify concerned schools, hospitals/dispensary etc. 2 weeks prior to the work; conduct a 30 minutes awareness program on nature of work, likely disturbances and risks and construction work, mitigation measures in place, entry restrictions and dos and don’ts; and • Implement all measures suggested in this report viz. dust and noise control, public safety, traffic management, strictly at the sites. 6.6.16 Accessibility Potential Impact Excavation of trenches and pipe/sewer laying work in the project area will obstruct access to residences, commercial buildings and businesses adjacent to the proposed project alignment. Disruption of access to commercial establishments may affect livelihood. The potential impacts are negative and moderate but short-term and temporary. Mitigation Measures • Leave space for access between mounds of excavated soil; • Consult affected business people to inform them in advance about the work schedule; • If there are any holidays (i.e., Eid or Muharram etc.), the Contractor will complete the backfilling work of the trenches and will not leave any trench open before holidays; • Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 98 6.6.17 Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Potential Impacts During the construction phase, gender-based violence might arise due to influx of outside labour. Sexual harassment against women might occur as a consequence of mixing of men and women at the construction site, and moving on the roads and markets. Mitigation Measures With the effective measures and monitoring, the risk of gender-based violence will be minimized by adopting the following mitigation measures: • Awareness will be created among the females at community levels about the construction. • Workers will not be allowed to crowd in the residential area/villages. • Alternative routes and traffic management plans for the safety of the community particularly for women and children will be ensured. • Raise awareness among the communities regarding the potential risks of GBV, and establish response services in the nearby communities that can respond to instances of GBV (particularly those related to issues of labor influx); • Contractor will take proper measures and will ensure Gender Sensitive Grievance Redressal Mechanism to address and resolve issues relating to harassment, intimidation, and exploitation. • GBV-related issues will be recorded through GRM, two separate focal persons for males and females are part of Village Organization VO – which will also work as members of the Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) Tier-I. The female focal person – trained on the social protection referral directory – will be responsible for further referral of GBV-related complaints to the forums concerned. A multi-sectoral referral system is proposed, which will include referral to The Punjab Women’s Toll- Free Helpline 1043 available 24/7. It is managed and supervised by Punjab Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW). Their helpline team comprises all- women call agents, three legal advisors, a psychosocial counsellor, supervisors, and management staff.The Punjab Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW) has been identified as a key stakeholder. PCSW will be informed of the project activities and an institutional link will be established. • At the PRMSC Tehsil Office, the Behavior Change and Communication (BCC) Officer – in addition to being member of GRC Tier-I&II – will initially deal with gender related issues/ complaints and further refer the same to the Gender Specialist at Head Office, PRMSC. 6.6.18 Influx of Labor Potential Impacts For the implementation of project activities, skilled and unskilled labor is required by the contractor. Mostly, skilled and unskilled workers have been associated with the contractor Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 99 since a long which they utilize, where they are required for the projects, and while other workers are hired from different areas that belong to different cultural backgrounds. Social problems and conflicts that are associated with labor influx are as follows: • Risk of social conflict: Conflicts may arise between the local community and the construction workers, which may be related to religious, cultural or ethnic differences, or based on competition for local resources; • Increased risk of illegitimate behaviour and crime: The influx of workers and service providers into communities may increase the rate of crimes and perception of insecurity by the local community. Such illegitimate behaviour and crimes can include theft, physical assaults, substance abuse, sexual assault and human trafficking; • Increased risk of communicable diseases and burden on Tehsil & District health services: The influx of people may bring communicable diseases to the project area, including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or the incoming workers may be exposed to diseases to which they have low resistance. Workers with health concerns relating to substance abuse, mental issues or STDs may not wish to visit the project’s medical facility and instead go anonymously to the nearby medical center, this can result in an additional burden on tehsil & district health centres; and • Local inflation of prices, accommodations and rents: A significant increase in demand for goods and services due to labor influx may lead to local price hikes and crowding out of community consumers. Depending on project worker income and form of accommodation provided, there may be increased demand for accommodations, which again may lead to price hikes and crowding out of local residents. Mitigation Measures • Labour camp(s) will be established away from residential areas; • Preference will be given to the local people to work with contractor, and contractor should hire maximum labour force from the project area because this will reduce the labour influx; • Awareness will be created among the workforce to ensure respect for local customs; • An effective GRM has been established for the project to resolve all issues related to the community. Thus, progress regarding resolving the issues should be monitored closely. • Create awareness among workers on proper sanitation and hygiene practices to endorse proper health and maintain good housekeeping practices at all project sites; • Make arrangements to treat the affected workers on time to control the movement of vectors disease; • Provide proper and free medical screening and counselling for site workers and community members; • Develop and enforce a strict code of conduct for workers to regulate behaviour in the local communities; • Labour will be required to sign a code of conduct translated into their local languages at the time of hiring. • Prohibiting drugs, alcohol, weapons, and ammunition on the worksite among personnel; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 100 • Appropriate fencing, security checkpoints, gates and security guards should be provided at the construction sites to ensure the security of all plant, equipment, machinery and materials, as well as to secure the safety of site staff; and • The Contractor must guarantee that good relations are maintained with local communities and their leaders to help reduce the risk of vandalism and theft. 6.6.19 Social/ Cultural Conflicts Potential Impact During the construction phase of the project, conflicts may arise between labor force and local community. Furthermore, differences in cultural values may also cause discomfort to local residents. This impact is temporary and minor negative in nature. Mitigation Measures • Plan for social grievance redress mechanisms including the local leaders and community representatives; • Local labor will preferably be employed for construction works; • Careful planning and training of the workforce to minimize disturbance to the local people; • Robust and transparent GRM will be implemented 6.6.20 Child Labor Potential Impact Due to poverty and the feeble financial situation of the area, the underage children might get involved with the contractor various construction works. This will be the violation of the Child Labor Act. Furthermore, SEA/SH issues might arise which will create social conflicts. This impact is adverse and temporary in nature. Mitigation Measures • Standard clause in the contracts related to child labor explicit prohibitions, etc. and contractor will ensure compliance to the contractual provisions as per law of land. Similarly equal wages for similar work will be followed. 6.6.21 Economic Activity Potential Impact Due to the construction of the proposed Project, economic activity will be generated in the project area as the laborers and semi-skilled staff will have an opportunity to work in the project area. This will provide them an opportunity to develop their skills and capacities. It will also benefit the local vendors of the project area. This is a positive impact. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 101 6.7 Anticipated Impacts during Operational Phase Anticipated impacts during Operational Phase and the recommended mitigation measures have been described under biophysical and socio-economic categories as follows: 6.7.1 Soil Potential Impact of STP The soil quality may be affected due to leakage/ infiltration from sewer lines and STP bed. The sludge generated from cleaning/ maintenance of pumping stations, manholes, sewers and STP may contaminate the soil. The liner of the STP, while desludging may get dried and cracks may lead to the seepage of wastewater and thus contaminate the soil. Improper disposal of scum and sludge is another concern. This is a moderate negative impact. Potential Impact of Leachate from Dumping Site The collected solid waste will be dumped into the existing dumping sites of Tehsils. There is no arrangement of leachate collection and no liner material is present there which will result in contamination of soil due to leachate. The situation will exacerbate in the rainy seasons. This is moderate negative impact. Mitigation Measures • Sludge shall be treated before ultimate use/disposal. Various options for sludge treatment include Digestion, Drying/ Dewatering, Composting, Lime Stabilization, Heat Treatment must be considered etc; • The liner of STP must be regularly maintained and checked for any cracks and leakages; • Treated sludge should be properly disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. 6.7.2 Air Quality Potential Impact of Sewerage System The operation of sewerage scheme will result in generation of gases including H2S and CH4. H2S is a foul-smelling poisonous gas that might be harmful to the sewer men and could be fatal sometimes. CH4 is natural gas also referred to as a greenhouse gas. Pakistan is signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and adopted Kyoto Protocol in 1997. Under the Kyoto Protocol, Pakistan is committed to reduce GHG emissions into the environment to prevent interference with climate change. The GHG emissions for the proposed project are a concern due to the anaerobic conditions in the sewer lines and wet wells of the disposal station. Mitigation Measures • Provision of exhaust gas vents at appropriate locations in the design; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 102 • Sewer-men will cover their faces with gas mask while entering the sewer for cleaning or maintenance purposes; • It’s better to use sucking machinery for cleaning of sewers; • Use gas detector before inspection; • Adequate tree plantation must be done around the STP to control the spread of odour; 6.7.3 Odour Potential Impact of STP STP are designed on adequate waste loading and function well if they are not overloaded. The overloading will result in malfunctioning of STP and it will result in significant odour generation in the vicinity. This impact is temporary and high adverse in nature. Mitigation Measures • The STP should not be overloaded and personnel dealing in operation should be trained to avoid operational issues; • Adequate tree plantation must be undertaken to avoid spread of odour in the vicinity. 6.7.4 Elite Capture Elite capture is a phenomenon prevalent in project area, where the interests and resources of the rich and powerful are prioritized over those of the general public. This has resulted in a situation where the elites have disproportionate control over resources, policies, and decision- making processes in all over the province. Elite capture is often facilitated by corruption, nepotism, and patronage networks, which enable the elites to manipulate the system in their favor. The consequences of elite capture are far-reaching, with the general public often left without access to basic amenities such as health, education, water and sanitation. This has resulted in widespread inequality, marginalization, and poverty in Punjab. Landowners play role as elite capture while donating the land to get the rights to use of water, sewage treated water for agriculture. Mitigation Measures • To increase transparency and accountability in decision-making processes. • Involving multiple stakeholders, including community members, in decision-making processes related to project activities. • To promote the participation of marginalized groups, such as women and minorities, in decision-making processes. By ensuring that these groups have a voice in decision-making, the risk of elite capture can be reduced. • Strengthening institutions such as VO’s/VC’s and regulatory agencies can help ensure that decisions are made in a fair and equitable manner, without undue influence from elites. • To ensure an effective grievance mechanism for monitoring and reporting any cases of elite capture. • Robust and transparent GRM will be implemented Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 103 • VO’s will be strengthened to play a role during distribution of treated water to prioritize the needs of the entire community rather than just a select few elites. • Due diligence will be held during VLD process to absolve the doner from all the associated land rights. 6.7.5 Social Inclusion Social inclusion is the process in which individuals and groups take part in the society. Social inclusion in proposed project area is an important aspect for the overall development of the interventions. It is crucial to ensure that every stakeholder of the community have equal access on the provision of clean drinking water and sanitation facilities, improved healthcare facilities, educational facilities and on economic excess and job opportunities. In this proposed project efforts will be made to promote the participation of marginalized groups, such as women and minorities, elderly person in decision-making processes and community activities. These efforts include the participation of the public including marginalized groups in the community meetings for project disclosure, corner meetings for the nomination of their representatives for the Village Organizations/ Village Councils (VOs/VCs), and monthly community meetings. Moreover, due representation for these marginalized groups has also been ensured in the VO membership. In addition to the open electoral process, a minimum of 50% share of the total membership has been allocated for the women members, one seat reserved for the minority, and in case of other socio-lingual differences further quota has also been ensured. These efforts will help to improve the overall quality of life for residents in proposed project area to promote opportunities in inclusive manner. Mitigation Measures • Providing awareness campaigns to increase knowledge and understanding of the project. and challenges faced by marginalized groups. • Ensuring the implementing policies that promote diversity and inclusion, such as affirmative action policies and anti-discrimination laws. • Providing awareness on the importance of clean drinking water & sanitation, education, job training, and community services to underserved and marginalized populations. • Encouraging and supporting the active participation of marginalized groups in decision-making processes through VO’s to providing opportunities for leadership. • Fostering partnerships between PRMSC-TO and VOs/VCs to promote social inclusion to address the root causes of social exclusion. • Regular monitoring and evaluation of project policies and programs to ensure they are effective and inclusive. 6.7.6 End Water User of Treated Wastewater End wastewater users are the individuals and communities who will use the treated water for various irrigation perpose. These end-users play a crucial role in ensuring the sustainable use of treated wastewater. It is important to understand the value of treated water and the impact of their actions on wastewater availability. During VLD process it will Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 104 conveyed that every member of the community would have equal rights on the useage of treated water. The VO of the village will decide the distribution rights of treated wastewater according to the needs of community. Mitigation Measures • End water users will adopt water conservation measures such as reducing water wastage, using efficient irrigation methods • Awareness campaigns will be conducted on the understanding and importance of water conservation and its impacts. • VO will ensure monitoring and evaluation on regular basis regarding the usage and conservation of treated water. • Distribution of treated wastewater will be decided by VO’s/VCs in village • Equal rights of the community on the usage of treated water will be ensure by the VO’s. 6.7.7 Solid Waste Domestic and hazardous wastes would be generated during cleaning and maintenance activities. The solid waste during operational phase will consist of plastics, metal and organic wastes present in sewer lines which can cause blockage in sewerage system. This impact is major negative and permanent in nature. Potential Impact of Solid Waste Management The waste containers, if not emptied timely, will create nuisance and attract mosquitoes and disease vectors. The situation will exacerbate in the rainy seasons. Furthermore, there would be littering during transportation of waste from the villages to the dumping site. Mitigation Measures • Waste shall be collected, stored and disposed of according to relevant standards in approved facilities; • An organized collection system and its implementation through a licensed contractor; • The containers will be timely removed and a fine will be imposed on contractor in case of violations; • Closed containers will be used for transportation of waste to the dumping site; • Schedule inspection of the sewer lines and STP to keep it clean and to identify any hazardous material; and • Solid waste bins shall be placed at appropriate locations to avoid mixing in wastewater. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 105 6.7.8 Sludge Potential Impact Sludge is semi-solid material which will be settled at the bottom of the STP due to anaerobic decomposition of biomass. Significant amount of sludge will not be produced in ABR, however, periodic desludging will be done to achieve good removal efficiency. The removed sludge in wet form, if left unattended will create nuisance i.e., odor, soil contamination, groundwater contamination (through percolation/ seepage) and will serve as a breeding ground for vector diseases. Sludge will be removed from the ABR once the 50% of the ABR is filled will the sludge. Mitigation Measures • Appropriate sludge treatment must be undertaken before disposal of sludge, sludge dewater and drying through sludge drying beds in case of ABR. • Sludge testing / horticulture purpose/ campaigns. Priority will be given to the use of dried sludge as a land conditioner in the fields. • If required remaining sludge will be transferred to a nearby dumping site designated by Tehsil Municipal Authority, these sites are already being used for dumping of solid waste. • Sludge management plan will be followed for proper handling and disposal (Annexure-8). 6.7.9 Water Quality • Water quality will be enhanced through public standposts and filtration plants • Water supply lines will be laid as per the engineering design to provide unhindered water quality. • Leakage of underground wastewater to the water supply lines will be prevented with routine inspection. 6.8 Positive Impacts 6.8.1 Improved Water Supply System Clean tap water is a dire need of all project tehsils. The provision of adequate water supply system with a reasonable supply of water will provide relief to the community and will resolve the major issue of “water” in the project area. Further, there will be a net improvement in community’s health. 6.8.2 Improved Sewerage System The proposed project will improve the overall sewerage and drainage system of the project area. Currently, the open wastewater drains in the streets result in foul odor, serves as breeding ground for disease vector and results in inconvenience to the road users and local Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 106 community. The project will improve this situation by controlling overflows and proper disposal of wastewater/ storm water. 6.8.3 Improvement in Public Health, Hygiene and Sanitation With the improvement in sewerage and drainage system, improvement in health, hygiene and sanitation will also be observed. Foul odor will be eliminated and there would be no breeding grounds for diseases vectors. Thus, the project will improve public health, hygiene and sanitation conditions in the project area. 6.8.4 Landscape Potential Impact During the operation stage, new saplings of different plants would be planted to enhance the aesthetics to create a buffer zone and to compensate the environmental losses. This will have a positive impact of permanent nature. The presence of adequate flora at available spaces will help in absorbing flue gases and other air quality related impacts of proposed project operation. The plants will be beneficial in dust and noise suppression for the nearby community. Mitigation Measures • The saplings planted in the project area against the trees affected and for enhancement of environment should be properly maintained throughout their growth. 6.8.5 Commulative Impacts of Water Extraction & Sewerage Treatment Potential Impact Cumulative impact may occur as a result of development of several treatment plants or several water extraction points. Under considering in 26 priority villages, currently there is only one water extraction point for each priority village except Sadiq Nagar and Sheikh Wahan and the people in project area are fulfilling their water demands majorly from ground water resource (agriculture and domestic purpose respectively). The current intervention will provide treated water in the replacement of raw water to the locals which will improve the health and reduce exposure to water borne diseases. Supply of treated water at door set will also discourage the installation of pumps in houses. Furthermore, this project will basically replace the one practice to another practice and will not majorly impact on the consumption rate as people reliance on existing water extraction system will become minimum after the completion of the project. However, there will be no cumulative impact in terms of depleting ground water resources. On the other hand, for each priority village, one Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) will be installed, and the treated water will be discharged into an existing sewerage pond. This practice will also have no impact on quality of water resources because sewerage water is already dumped directly into existing sewerage ponds and after this project sewerage water will be discharged into the ponds after treatment which will help to improve the quality of sewerage pond. However, there will be more or less zero cumulative impact after the installation of ABR Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 107 Mitigation Measures • Water quality monitoring should be done by the third party on quarterly basis to ensure the supply of safe drinking water. • ground water table will be monitored periodically. • Water metering system should be installed to know the total consumption of water. • Ensure the treated effluent follows the National Environmental Quality Standards • Maintenance of ABR should be done annually for its smooth operations. 6.8.6 Other Positive Impacts Some other positive impacts include the following: • Economic development • Employment generation • Development of deprived areas • Formation of model villages of tehsil Bhawana 6.9 Operational Sustainability The sewer pipes water supply lines and other components of the project will not function with improper operation and maintenance of sewerage system and water supply system which is the responsibility of the client. Mitigation Measures • Routine/ preventative maintenance shall be carried out as with the passage of time • Major causes of deposition of silt and floating matters in the sewers are the mixing of solid waste and smaller diameter sewer pipes. Placement of sufficient number of solid waste litter bins/containers shall be ensured along the roads and in streets to avoid entrance of solid waste into sewers; • Immediate response to all sewer/drainage related complaints followed by prompt correction of defective condition; • Regular cleaning of sewer lines to remove grease, grit, and other debris that may lead to sewer backups. Cleaning shall be conducted more frequently for problem areas; • Inspection of the condition of sanitary sewer structures and identifying areas that need repair or maintenance. Items to note may include cracked/deteriorating pipes; leaking joints or seals at manhole; frequent line blockages; lines that generally flow at or near capacity; and suspected infiltration or ex-filtration; • Any repairs will be conducted by sealing off the affected sewer and pumping the contents into tankers, after which the faulty section will be exposed and repaired following the same basic procedure as when the sewer was built. Trenches will be dug around the faulty section and the leaking joint will be re-sealed, or the pipe will be removed and replaced. • Water supply lines will be inspected on regular basis to avoid any leakages and loss of resources. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 108 6.10 Induced Impacts Beside some direct environmental social and economic impacts, the proposed project may have some induced impacts to the physical features of environment. The project is envisaged to improve the infrastructure of the project area. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 109 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN 7.1 General This section aims to address the measures which need to be adopted during each phase of the project to avoid, contain, mitigate or compensate for the potential impacts identified in Section 6. The Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) is the major part of this section and forms the gist of this study. ESMP not only includes Best Management Practices (BMPs) but also includes monitoring indicators, frequency, responsibility, and estimated environmental budget. This ensures that mitigation, monitoring, and management consideration form a part of the documentation used for decision making and the basic benefit of defining the responsibilities is to make sure that the suggested mitigation measure will be implemented at the construction and operation stages of the project. A summary of the mitigation measures for potential impacts have also been given in this section to support ESMP. Moreover, a framework for the implementation of ESMP has been discussed in this section. 7.2 Implementation of Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) The institutional arrangement for the implementation of ESMP for PRSWSSP is presented below. The proponent PIMU-PRMSC will be responsible for compliance of with environmental and social safeguard requirements of the proposed project. The proposed project activities will be monitored and managed by the PIMU-PRMSC. The Environmental and Social Cell (ESC) staffed by qualified environmental and social specialists has already been established under PRSWSSP. The ESC will be the custodian of the ESMP. ESC will support ensuring the compliance of ESMP. ESC will submit progress reports for the implementation of the ESMP to WB and PEPA as per environmental approval/ NOC conditions for the PRSWSSP. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 110 Figure 9: Organizational Setup for implementation of ESMP PIMU - PRSWSSP Responsible For Review & for checking Environmental & Social Cell under PIMU - PRSWSSP Approvals Environmental Compliance WB & PEPA Responsible for Contractor’s Environmental & checking Environmental Social Staff of Environmental & Social Supervisory Compliance Experts Consultant Supervision, Monitoring & Reporting for implementation of ESMP 7.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the Functionaries involved in ESMP Implementation A. World Bank The current proposed project falls under category E2 as per ESMF guidelines; in view of limited environmental and social impacts and thus require an ESMP. World Bank shall review and approve the safeguard documents including ESMP. The Bank shall also review and approve the quarterly and biannually prepared progress reports. B. Punjab Environmental Protection Department As per Punjab Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act, 2012, Punjab EPD is responsible for environmental protection and pollution control. The Punjab EPD is responsible for the approval of the EIA/ IEE of all the developmental projects under their jurisdictions. As per Punjab Environmental Protection (Review of Initial IEE/EIA) Regulations 2022, Schedule-II, EIA is required for ‘Water Supply, Sewerage System and Treatment (Category F) & Waste Storage and Disposal (Category G). Based on the EIA and ESMP, Punjab EPD will monitor (as and when required) the project activities. C. PIMU-PRMSC The Project Director of PIMU-PRMSC is the in-charge for the financial and technical matters related to PRSWSSP. His responsibilities for monitoring the ESMP will consist of: • Ensuring that the required environmental training is provided to the concerned PIU staff; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 111 • To carry out random site visits to the construction sites to review the environmental performance of the Contractor; • Review monitoring reports for the progress of environment-related activities; • Make sure that the Contractor is implementing the additional measures suggested by the Supervision Consultant (SC) in environmental monitoring reports; • To assist the Contractor in obtaining necessary approvals from the concerned departments; • Maintaining interface with the other line departments/ stakeholders; and • Reporting to the Punjab EPD on the status of ESMP implementation. D. Environmental and Social Cell (ESC) ESC has already been established in the PIMU-PRMSC which is responsible to: • Make sure that all the contractual obligations related to environmental and social compliance are met; • Monitor the progress regarding the implementation of environmental and social safeguards as provided in the ESMP; • Oversee the compliance of all the monitoring programs as given in ESMP; • Check randomly whether monitoring of the environmental aspects of the proposed project during construction and operational phases is being properly carried out; • Document and disclose monitoring results and identify necessary corrective and preventive actions in the periodic monitoring reports, and make follow-up on these actions to ensure progress toward the desired outcomes; • Make sure that the contractor implements the additional measures suggested by the SC and PIMU; and • Report the status of ESMP compliance to the Project Director, PIMU-PRMSC. E. Supervisory Consultant (SC) The roles and responsibilities of SC will be: • To oversee the performance of the Contractor to make sure that the Contractor is complying with ESMP; • Ensuring that the day-to-day construction activities are carried out in an environmentally and socially sound and sustainable manner; • Strong coordination with the Contractor and PIMU-PRMSC; • Preparing training materials and implementing programs; • Ensure the implementation of the mitigation measures suggested in ESMP; • To supervise and monitor environmental activities being performed at the site; • Periodic reporting as mentioned in ESMP; and • Suggest any additional mitigation measures (if required). Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 112 F. Construction Contractor (CC) Contractors will be bound to appoint site-based Environmental and Social managers with relevant educational backgrounds and experience for PRSWSSP. The contractors’ Environmental and Social manager will carry out the following activities: • Implementation of the mitigation measures at the construction site; • Contractor will be bound through the contract to take actions against all the special and general provisions of the contract document; • Contractor will make sure the compliance of ESMP recommendations related to construction and will also be responsible for effective liaison with local heads of the community; • Provision of proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to the workers and train them for their proper use; • Compliance with international best SOPs for COVID-19; • To conduct the environmental and health & safety trainings to the workers/labour; and • Coordinate with the Environmental Specialist and Social Development Specialist (SDS) of SC and PIMU. 7.2.2 Institutional Arrangement for Implementation of ESMP by PIMU-PRMSC during O&M Phase The proposed project will be administrated by PIMU-PRMSC during the O&M phase. The Project Director, PRMSC with his ESC will be responsible for the following: • Compliance with ESMP requirements for the O&M phase; • Coordinating with the operational staff working under the ESC to monitor environmental compliance during project operation; • Advising on, and monitoring tree plantations along the stagnant pool of water in the project area; • Reporting on the progress of environmental compliance to the Punjab EPD; • Assessing the long-term environmental impacts of project operation; • Sustaining a working partnership among the PIMU-PRMSC, Punjab Local Government Department, Punjab EPD, Agriculture, Irrigation, Forest and Wildlife departments of Punjab, NGOs, and other related public-private sector organizations. 7.3 Reporting The contractor will prepare and submit monthly monitoring reports for compliance of implementation to the supervision consultant (SC) environmental team. The distribution of periodic reports is given in Table 23. Table 23: Distribution of Periodic Reports Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 113 Report Prepared by Reviewed by Distribution Reviewed by PIMU- Monthly Contractor Environmental Unit; The Engineer and PRMSC PRSWSSP Reviewed by PIMU- The Engineer, PRMSC and The Quarterly Contractor Environmental Unit; World Bank PRSWSSP Reviewed by PIMU- The Engineer, PRMSC and The Annual Contractor Environmental Unit; World Bank PRSWSSP Reviewed by PIMU- The Engineer, PRMSC and The Final Contractor Environmental Unit; World Bank PRSWSSP 7.4 Non-Compliance with the ESMP The implementation of the proposed ESMP involves inputs from various functionaries as discussed earlier. The contractor will be primarily responsible for ensuring the implementation of the mitigation measures proposed in the ESMP, which will be part of the contract documents. The provision of the environmental mitigation cost will be made in the total cost of the project. However, if the contractor fails to comply with the implementation of ESMP and submission of the monthly compliance reports, deductions will be made from the payments to the Contractor claimed under the heads of environmental components. 7.5 Contractors ESMP The contractor will prepare a site-specific Contractor’s ESMP (C-ESMP) based on the current ESMP and will get it approved by PIMU-PRMSC before the start of work. This will ensure the implementation of the ESMP based on the site conditions at the time of execution, by the contractor. The C-ESMP will include the following sub-plans: • Traffic management plan, • OHS plan, • Pollution prevention plan, • Camp management plan 7.6 Inclusion of ESMP in Bidding/ Contract Documents The present ESMP will be included in the bidding/ contract documents and their implementation will be contractual binding for the contractors. 7.7 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan Monitoring will be carried out to ensure that the mitigation plans are regularly and effectively implemented. It will be performed at three levels. At the PIMU level, the ESC will do ESMP Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 114 monitoring to ensure that the mitigation plans are being effectively implemented. The environmental engineer of the Supervision Consultant will regularly monitor the ESMP implementation by the contractor. At the contractor’s level, the environmental monitoring checklist will be filled on daily basis by their environmental manager and countersigned by the environmental engineer (EE) of the Supervision Consultant. Table 24 outlines the parameters that will be monitored, the expected frequencies of monitoring, and the responsible agency for monitoring. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 115 Table 24: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Pre-Construction / Design Phase Layout Planning Incompatible layout plans • All structural, layout and DC, PIMU- Design Once (after PIMU N/A and engineering designs of engineering designs of the PRMSC provisions completion of & Design the proposed project can project are in strict accordance Detailed undermine the overall with the applicable national and Design) aesthetics and ambiance of international guidelines/ codes/ the project area standards and engineering practices; Improperly Improper designed sewers • All sewer lines including trunk, DC, PIMU- Design Once (after PIMU N/A Designed may not carry the waste lateral and branch sewer lines PRMSC provisions completion of Sewers load, leading to system- have been designed considering Detailed failure and financial loss. the future population and waste Design) generation rate; The construction of high-rise • The location of groundwater DC, PIMU- Design Once (after PIMU N/A overhead water tanks may storage tanks, overhead water PRMSC provisions completion of cause visual obstruction. tanks, pumping stations and STP Detailed have been finalized in close Design) consultation with local community and representatives of local authorities. Groundwater During operation probability • Efficient seepage control DC, PIMU- Design Once (after PIMU N/A of seepage through the measures have been considered PRMSC provisions completion of sewers may also in selection of pipe materials Detailed contaminate groundwater. during the planning stage Design) • Procedure for efficient jointing of DC, PIMU- Design Once (after PIMU N/A selected sewer pipes will be PRMSC provisions completion of applied to avoid leakage from Detailed pipes Design) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 116 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Damage to There are no public utilities • Alignment has been selected DC, PIMU- Design Once (after PIMU N/A except the electric poles carefully to minimize disturbance PRMSC provisions completion of Existing which might get affected to public utilities; Detailed Infrastructure during construction activities Design) and movement of machinery • Relocation of the public utilities DC, PIMU- Design Once (after PIMU N/A and the community will face shall be planned and approved in PRMSC provisions completion of temporary electricity cuts. consultation with relevant Detailed departments/authorities/stakehol Design) ders before project commencement if any, to avoid inconvenience to the public. Physical No historical/ archeological • The alternative access routes will DC, PIMU- Design Once (after PIMU N/A Cultural site is present in the project be provided in case the access PRMSC provisions completion of Resources area. However, some has to be restricted during the Detailed cultural resources including execution period Design) mosques, graveyards and shrines are present. These will not be directly affected but the people may face access issues in visiting these facilities. Fire Fighting In case of fire hazards, • Contractor will provide firefighting DC, PIMU- Design Once (after PIMU N/A System inefficient firefighting system system for construction camp, PRMSC provisions completion of at campsite may cause workshop and construction site; Detailed severe damage to the camp Design) site and surrounding crops • A separate fire alarm system will DC, PIMU- Design Once (after PIMU N/A and houses. This will be a also be installed at construction PRMSC provisions completion of moderate adverse impact. camp and near the construction Detailed site. Design) Land Private land will be taken • No one will be forced or DC, PIMU- VLD procedure Once at the time PIMU N/A Acquisition through VLD, State land will pressurized to donate land PRMSC of ESMF of land be used through NOC • VLD should not be more than 10 acquisition procedure. There will be no % of the total land holding of the purchase of land, involuntary owner resettlement and no relocation of people or Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 117 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility businesses. Anticipated Impacts during the Construction Phase Topography The construction activities • Material stockpiles will be CC, SC, PIMU- Stockpiles and Weekly SC and PIMU N/A are not expected to impact removed as soon as work is PRMSC heaps of waste the topography of the area completed and the area will be visible at the significantly except for those reinstated; site. areas where physical • Temporary storage sites will be CC, SC, PIMU- Site allocation Once before SC and PIMU N/A activities i.e., earthwork is allocated for the storage of PRMSC and the excavation involved as well as stocking excavated material; preparation activity of material. The excavated material is to be mostly • Temporary storage sites will be CC, SC, PIMU- Site allocation Before SC and PIMU N/A lined and must not allow PRMSC and utilization of backfilled and the excessive infiltration preparation storage site material will be transported to strengthen the roadsides • The stockpiles must be covered CC, SC, PIMU- Provision of Before start of SC and PIMU The cost of or will be dumped at the with tarpaulin sheets or other PRMSC tarpaulin construction tarpaulin is designated locations. This adequate material; activity provided in impact is site-specific, the ESMP temporary, reversible, Budget possible, and low significant • Pilling of material at large extent CC, SC, PIMU- Stockpiles and Weekly SC and PIMU N/A will not be allowed and the PRMSC heaps of waste contractor will timely remove visible at the excavated material from the site. site. Soil Erosion The soil would be exposed • Good engineering practices will CC, SC, PIMU- Provision of Once SC and PIMU N/A to erosion due to help to control or minimize soil PRMSC shuttering excavations for laying of erosion both at the construction sewers and water supply sites and in peripheral areas pipes. Construction including provision of shuttering; activities such as clearing, • Use of heavy machinery will be CC, SC, PIMU- Movement of Hauling of SC and PIMU N/A excavation, filling, grading restricted as far as possible to PRMSC machinery machinery and setting up construction avoid the destruction of soil During camps will affect the existing structure; Construction soil condition in the study Work Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 118 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility area/ AoI. The clearing of • Confining excavations to the CC, SC, PIMU- Excavations During SC and PIMU N/A vegetation can also loosen specified spots as per the PRMSC beyond the excavation the soil and make it more approved engineering drawings specified spots works susceptible to erosion due to and unnecessary excavations wind and rain. There is also should be avoided; a possibility of silt runoff • Stored excavated material shall CC, SC, PIMU- Wastage of During SC and PIMU during rainy season causing be covered and preferably PRMSC excavated backfilling soil erosion. During the rain, reused, e.g., in construction as material; the eroded soil will mix with backfill etc. Backfilling stagnant water to transform into slush, which can affect movement of vehicles and machinery and construction workers as well as limit the movements of local people. This impact can be categorized as low adverse, site-specific, long term, permanent, highly probable and reversible. Soil Contamination of soil may • Chemicals/ hazardous products CC, SC, PIMU- Monitoring Monthly SC and PIMU N/A be caused by oil and and wastes will be stored on PRMSC compliance to Contamination chemical spills from impermeable surfaces in secure, Regular construction machinery or covered areas with clear labelling disposal of uncontrolled runoff from of containers and with a tray or Chemical/ equipment washing yards. bund to contain leaks; Hazardous This impact is permanent waste; and minor negative in nature. Photographic record; • All construction wastes from the CC, SC, PIMU- No fall of Weekly SC and PIMU N/A site will be regularly removed and PRMSC transported transported to approved waste material; disposal sites Damaged road repaired. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 119 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Record of harmful incidents that occurred. • Washing yards will be paved to CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Weekly SC and PIMU N/A avoid seepage of runoff from the PRMSC Inspection yard; • Awareness in emergency spill CC, SC, PIMU- Training Once SC and PIMU N/A response procedures will be PRMSC Sessions conducted through trainings; • Oil leakages, chemicals and CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Weekly SC and PIMU N/A other liquids spills will be avoided/ PRMSC Inspection minimized by providing appropriate storage places depending on the type of material for storage Trench Failure The major construction • Provision of adequate shuttering CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Weekly SC and PIMU N/A activities involve excavation in the trenches; PRMSC Inspection operations for laying water supply and sewerage lines. • Leftover shuttering may also be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Weekly SC and PIMU N/A The major hazard used in case of loose soil strata. PRMSC Inspection associated with the excavation operations is trench failure. The unstable slopes may fail and settle in the trenches which may cause injuries and fatalities to the workers. This impact is probable, site specific and high adverse in nature. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 120 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Construction Improper construction camp • Working hours of noisy activities CC, SC, PIMU- Field Weekly SC and PIMU N/A location and will be limited to normal daytime PRMSC Observations Camps/Camp mismanagement of working hours when near Sites construction camp activities identified sensitive receptors; can lead to various social • Waste Management Plan will be CC, SC, PIMU- Compliance to Monthly SC and PIMU N/A and environmental impacts implemented to include PRMSC waste which may include noise, procedures for the classification, management health and safety, traffic storage and disposal of all plan; problems, soil degradation, construction wastes and the loss of vegetation and training of employees who handle assets on the selected land, hazardous materials; solid waste and water • Construction camps will be CC, SC, PIMU- Camp Once SC and PIMU N/A pollution. Furthermore, established away from populated PRMSC established at cultural differences, areas least 500m behavior of construction away from the workers, potential disregard nearest for local cultural norms can community; lead to increased tension between local communities Local hired and workers residing in the workforce; construction camps. This • NOC/ lease agreement will be CC, SC, PIMU- Lease Once before SC and PIMU N/A impact is temporary and signed between landowners and PRMSC agreement start of moderate negative in contractors. signed / NOC construction nature. obtained • Regular training of workers will be CC, SC, PIMU- Any complaint Weekly check SC and PIMU Cost is carried out regarding local PRMSC from the local complaint provide in cultural norms, human behaviour, community. register the ESMP gender issues by the contractor Budget during construction activities at site. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 121 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Water Quality Runoff and erosion from • Protection of groundwater CC, SC, PIMU- Monitoring SC and PIMU N/A exposed soil surfaces, reserves from any source of PRMSC compliance; Quadrimesterly earthwork areas and contamination such as the stockpiles e.g., grouting and construction and oily waste by Water quality cement material with the making the ground impermeable testing. rain. Construction waste, if through sheets or compaction; left unattended will result in • Stockpiles of cement and other CC, SC, PIMU- Use of Weekly SC and PIMU N/A forming leachate that will construction materials will be kept PRMSC tarpaulin for percolate through the soil covered when not being used; protection; strata and will reach underground water table Visual and hence, will end up Inspection contaminating groundwater. • Maintenance of vehicles will be CC, SC, PIMU- Any spill Weekly SC and PIMU N/A There is a probability that carried out only in impermeable PRMSC observed; various materials like fuel, areas where any oil spillages can lubricant oil and other oily be contained; Availability of products, which are used sealed during the construction containers for phase may contaminate used oils and groundwater and channels lubricants; carrying water. Disposal options (e.g., local vendor) explored. • Careful planning of the works to CC, SC, PIMU- Visual During rainy SC and PIMU N/A avoid soil excavation works PRMSC Inspection season during rainy seasons; • No activity will be undertaken in CC, SC, PIMU- Visual During rainy SC and PIMU N/A monsoon and careful attention PRMSC Inspection season must be paid to the weather forecast before excavation operations. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 122 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility • All kinds of waste will be stored in CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Weekly SC and PIMU N/A covered containers and disposed PRMSC Inspection of safely as soon as possible; • The contractor will ensure that CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Weekly SC and PIMU N/A construction debris do not find PRMSC Inspection their way into the drainage or irrigation canals which may get clogged. Air Quality Air quality will be affected by• All vehicles, machinery, CC, SC, PIMU- Dust emission Weekly SC and PIMU N/A various construction equipment and generators used PRMSC controlled; activities. Emissions may be during construction activities will spread over longer distances be kept in good working depending upon the wind condition, properly tuned and speed, direction, temperature maintained in order to minimize of surrounding air and the exhaust emissions; atmospheric stability. In • Open burning of solid waste from CC, SC, PIMU- Monitoring Weekly SC and PIMU N/A certain climatic condition the contractor’s camps will be PRMSC compliance to such as hot summer, strictly banned; disposal of airborne dust can become a waste; major nuisance if control • Fuel with substantially lower CC, SC, PIMU- SC and PIMU N/A techniques are not properly sulphur content will be preferred; PRMSC employed • Personal Protective Equipment CC, SC, PIMU- Implementation Daily SC and PIMU Cost given (PPEs) like masks, goggles and PRMSC of HSE; Visual in ESMP gloves etc. will be provided to Inspection Budget workers; • PEQS applicable to gaseous CC, SC, PIMU- Monitoring of Daily SC and PIMU N/A emissions generated by PRMSC machinery and construction vehicles, equipment equipment; and machinery will be enforced during construction works. • Regular water sprinkling on the CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A site and access roads will be PRMSC Monitoring carried out to suppress excessive dust emission(s) • Excavated trenches will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A restored immediately to original PRMSC Inspection Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 123 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility level and paved after laying of sewer pipes; • Vehicle speed in the project area CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A will be prescribed not more than PRMSC Inspection 20 km/hr and controlled accordingly; • Diversion will be provided for CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A local traffic movement; PRMSC Inspection • The vehicles carrying CC, SC, PIMU- Use of Daily SC and PIMU N/A construction materials and the PRMSC tarpaulin for construction material storage protection areas will be covered with tarpaulin. • Air quality monitoring should be CC, SC, PIMU- Air Quality Monthly SC and PIMU Cost is done by the 3rd party. PRMSC provided in ESMP Budget Dust During construction stage, • Blowing of dust from potential CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A the dust level may increase sources at the worksite will be PRMSC Inspection considerably. Earthworks, avoided by shielding them from site clearing, stockpiling and the exterior, for example using Air levels hauling of materials will polythene curtains or raising a measured. generate dust and affect the fence of corrugated sheets local air shed. Local people around areas of active and the workers may be constructions exposed to high dust levels • All excavation work will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A during landscaping, access sprinkled with water to control PRMSC Inspection road and site preparation. dust; This impact is site-specific, • Tires of all the vehicles leaving CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A temporary, reversible, likely the site will be washed. No earth, PRMSC Inspection and medium significant. mud, dust and the like will be deposited on the public road; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 124 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Noise Noise level is expected to • Construction workers will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU Cost is increase during construction provided suitable hearing PRMSC inspections; provided in activities. Main sources of protection like ear cap, or the ESMP noise and vibration will be earmuffs and training them in Noise levels Budget heavy machinery such as their use; measured. excavators and other • Selection of up-to-date and well- CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A equipment. Noise generated maintained equipment with PRMSC inspections; by construction machinery is reduced noise levels will be likely to affect sensitive ensured by suitable in-built Noise levels receptors located within AoI. damping techniques or measured. Health risks associated with appropriate muffling devices exposure to continuous noise • Residents will be notified earlier CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A levels include high blood before commencement of PRMSC inspections; pressure, hypertension, excavation operations. annoyance and sleep disturbance, temporary • Noise quality monitoring should CC, SC, PIMU- Noise levels Quarterly SC and PIMU Cost is threshold shift etc. The be done by the 3rd party. PRMSC measured provided in impacts of noise will be the ESMP temporary and highly Budget adverse in nature. Municipal and Due to construction • Solid waste generated during CC, SC, PIMU- Monitoring Weekly SC and PIMU N/A activities municipal and construction and camp sites will PRMSC compliance; Construction construction waste will be be safely disposed of in Waste/ generated from construction demarcated waste disposal sites activities. The construction and the contractor will provide Wastewater waste will include and implement a comprehensive wastewater, oil spillage from waste management plan; machinery, domestic waste • Burning of waste will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A and construction waste etc. prohibited; PRMSC Inspection • Proper labelling of containers, CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Weekly SC and PIMU N/A including the identification and PRMSC Inspection quantity of the contents, hazard contact information etc; • Emergency Response plan will CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Weekly SC and PIMU N/A be prepared to address the PRMSC Inspection accidental spillage of fuels and Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 125 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility hazardous goods; • Containers with covers will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A provided on site to store waste PRMSC Inspection Resource The materials used in • Wastage of water will be reduced CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A construction of proposed by training the workers involved PRMSC Inspection Conservation project would include coarse in water use; aggregates (crush), fine • Wastage of water will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A aggregates (sand), brick controlled through providing PRMSC Inspection ballast, water and cement proper valves and through etc. Almost all the materials controlling pressure of the water; to be used in the • Water jets and sprays will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A construction of proposed used for watering surfaces rather PRMSC Inspection project are non-renewable than using overflow system; and therefore their • Source of water will be carefully CC, SC, PIMU- Any conflict on Fortnightly SC and PIMU N/A sustainable use is selected. Water use will not PRMSC the water necessary for the future use. disturb the existing community availability. Excessive water water supplies consumption for drinking • Reuse of construction waste CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A and washing purposes by PRMSC Inspection materials will be considered; the construction staff may undermine water resources • Unnecessary equipment CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A washings will be avoided; PRMSC in the project area and in certain cases may disturb • The efficient and well-maintained CC, SC, PIMU- Noise levels Daily SC and PIMU N/A the existing water supplies in equipment and machinery will be PRMSC within the project area. used; permissible limits Gas emissions minimized; Dust emission controlled • The equipment and machinery CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A will be turned off when not in use; PRMSC • Regular maintenance of CC, SC, PIMU- Log of vehicle Daily SC and PIMU N/A machinery to avoid fuel leakages; PRMSC and equipment repairs; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 126 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Biodiversity FLORA • Campsites will be established on CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A Conservation On account of construction vacant land as far as possible, at PRMSC of the proposed water least 500 m away from the supply and sewerage residential areas; system, no trees are • Construction vehicles, machinery CC, SC, PIMU- Log Book of Daily SC and PIMU N/A envisaged to be and equipment will remain PRMSC vehicle inventory cut/disturbed. Hence there confined within their designated will be no direct impact on areas of movement; the flora of project area. • The Contractor’s staff and labour CC, SC, PIMU- Any conflict with Daily SC and PIMU N/A However, the dust will be strictly directed not to PRMSC locals. emissions due to excavation damage any vegetation such as operations will stick on the trees or bushes. They will use the leaves of existing trees and paths and tracks for movement may close their stomata thus and will not be allowed to hindering the trespass through farmlands; photosynthesis process. • Contractor will provide gas CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A cylinders at the camps for PRMSC cooking purposes and cutting of trees/ bushes for fuel will not be allowed. FAUNA • Excavations will be limited to the CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A The local animals mostly approved engineering drawings; PRMSC inspections; cats, dogs and jackals and specially the livestock i.e., Photographic goats and cows will get records. disturbed due to • Harassing of animals will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A construction activities, prohibited PRMSC specially the noisy activities. However, there will be no damage to their health and life. Some reptiles and insects may get killed/ injured during excavation operations. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 127 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Health and Health risks and worker’s • Obligatory insurance against CC, SC, PIMU- Accident/ If happened SC and PIMU N/A safety problems may result accidents for labourers/workers; PRMSC Incident reported. Safety at the workplace if the working conditions provide unsafe and/or unfavorable • Providing basic medical training CC, SC, PIMU- Maintained Weekly SC and PIMU N/A working environment. The to specified work staff and basic PRMSC Training Record; health and safety issues are medical service and supplies to Pictorial also associated with the workers; evidence operation of construction • Layout plan for camp site, CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A machinery and equipment, indicating safety measures taken PRMSC which may cause minor and by the contractor, e.g., firefighting severe injuries to workers. It equipment, safe storage of will be a long term and hazardous material, first aid, severe negative impact. security, fencing, and contingency measures in case of accidents; • Work safety measures and good CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU Cost is workmanship practices will be PRMSC provided in followed by the contractor to ESMP ensure no health risks for Budget labourers, including use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) i.e., oxygen masks/ kits etc.; • Protection devices (ear muffs) will CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU Cost is be provided to the workers doing PRMSC provided in job in the vicinity of high noise ESMP generating machines i.e., Budget excavators; • Use of safety signs at the CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A construction site, as shown PRMSC below. • COVID-19 SOPs will be followed CC, SC, PIMU- Implementation Daily SC and PIMU N/A at work site and construction PRMSC of Covid 19-Sops camps; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 128 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Traffic The traffic influx within the • The construction activities will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A villages is very low. Most of carried out in pockets/reaches, PRMSC Management the traffic within the villages once a patch has been completed include motorbikes and few (i.e., pipes are laid and covered) cars. The project then excavation on new patch interventions will not create shall be started; traffic congestion issues in • Local community will be taken on CC, SC, PIMU- Alternate route Daily SC and PIMU N/A the project area. However, board to plan alternate access PRMSC maps their movement will be routes in connecting streets to disturbed due to the ensure mobility of local traffic; excavation and construction • Plan work in a minimum possible CC, SC, PIMU- Check targeted Daily SC and PIMU N/A works and people may face time. PRMSC timeline accessibility issues. This impact is temporary and major negative in nature. Nuisance/ Since the proposed • No work will be conducted near CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A Disturbance to interventions will be carried the religious places during PRMSC Social Sensitive out within the villages religious congregations; Areas boundaries, therefore, the • Material transport to the site will CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A socially sensitive be scheduled considering school PRMSC sites/places including timings; schools, hospitals and • Notify concerned schools, CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A religious centers will be hospitals/dispensary etc. 2 PRMSC temporarily affected due to weeks prior to the work; conduct dust, noise and the a 30 minutes awareness program community will face on nature of work, likely accessibility issues due to disturbances and risks and open trenches. Dust due to construction work, mitigation earthworks will create health measures in place, entry hazard to children and restrictions and dos and don’ts people with ailments. This • Implement all measures CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A impact is temporary and suggested elsewhere in this PRMSC major negative in nature. report – dust and noise control, public safety, traffic management, strictly at the sites. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 129 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Accessibility Excavation of trenches and • Leave space for access between CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A pipe/sewer laying work in mounds of excavated soil; PRMSC the project area will obstruct • Consult affected business people CC, SC, PIMU- Consultation Weekly SC and PIMU N/A access to residences, to inform them in advance about PRMSC meeting; commercial buildings and the work schedule; Pictorial businesses adjacent to the evidence proposed project alignment. Disruption of access to • If there are any holidays (i.e., Eid CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A or Muharram etc.), the Contractor PRMSC commercial establishments will complete the backfilling work Designated may affect livelihood. The of the trenches and will not leave borrow and potential impacts are any trench open before holidays; quarry areas negative and moderate but used for access short-term and temporary. material; • Provide sign boards for CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Weekly SC and PIMU N/A pedestrians to inform nature and PRMSC duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints; Resilience to There are chances that the • Project components have been CC, SC, PIMU- Design Once (after SC and PIMU N/A open trenches may get designed to withstand flooding; PRMSC provisions completion of Climate Change flooded during rainy season. Detailed Design) Flooding can hamper the • The capacity of the sewerage/ CC, SC, PIMU- Check Before SC and PIMU N/A construction of overhead drainage system have been PRMSC Meteorological construction storage tanks, pumping designed and constructed based department station and STP. This impact on extreme weather conditions prediction of rain can be categorized as direct, predicted under international local, medium term, climate change models for temporary and reversible. Bhawana region to cater for extreme storm water runoff. Liquid and Solid Development of • The waste generated from the CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A construction camps will camp site will be disposed of at PRMSC Waste from generate significant existing dumping site of the Construction quantities of liquid and solid Tehsil Bhawana by the waste. A total of five (05) Contractor; Camps nos. construction camps will • Construction workers and CC, SC, PIMU- Through Monthly SC and PIMU N/A be established in all five supervisory staff will be PRMSC Trainings Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 130 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility villages accommodating encouraged and educated to Photographic approximately 30 skilled and practice waste minimization, record; unskilled staff each (i.e., reuse and recycling to reduce total 150 workers for all quantity of the waste; villages). • Domestic and chemical effluents CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A from the construction camp will PRMSC be disposed of by the development of on-site sanitation systems i.e., septic tank prior to discharge to nearby drain. Septic tank will be located adjacent to the construction camp. Proper monitoring to check the compliance of PEQS will be carried out; • All the solid waste from the CC, SC, PIMU- Monitoring Weekly SC and PIMU N/A camps will be properly collected PRMSC compliance to at source by placing containers Regular and disposed of through proper disposal of SWM system. Toxic waste will be waste; handled, stored, transported and disposed separately; Photographic record; • The waste will be properly sealed CC, SC, PIMU- Covered Weekly SC and PIMU N/A in containers with proper labels PRMSC disposal indicating the nature of the waste; containers placed at camp; • Solid waste will be segregated at CC, SC, PIMU- Covered Weekly SC and PIMU N/A source so that it can be re-used PRMSC disposal or recycled containers placed at camp; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 131 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Flammable and Flammable materials to be • Safety procedures will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A used during the construction followed by the contractor and PRMSC Hazardous activities include diesel, labors strictly while using, Materials furnace oil, petrol, Liquefied handling and storage of these Petroleum Gas (LPG), materials; kerosene oil and machinery • Trainings will be provided to the CC, SC, PIMU- Monitoring Daily SC and PIMU N/A fuels. These materials contractor’s staff for handling and PRMSC compliance to present little risk to the using of flammable materials and handling of environment, if properly explosives; flammable transported stored and material through used; otherwise, they are inventory potentially very dangerous. register; Improper storage and handling practices for these Photographic flammable and explosive record; materials can pose dangers • For safety of construction labors CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Twice a week SC and PIMU N/A of fire and blasts in the area. and immediate communities, it is PRMSC observation suggested that contractor’s staff will be trained about the procedures of safe use, handling and storage of materials; • Emphasis will be to decrease the CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Weekly SC and PIMU N/A volume of mucking material by PRMSC reusing and then the disposal at the marked area in environment friendly way. In order to reduce the volume of disposal material, maximum part of the excavated material can be used in other activities filling of borrow areas and natural depressions in the project area. In order to increase the aesthetics of the area, native grass can be planted by dumping the surplus material in the proposed area with suitable soil Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 132 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility cover. Gender Based During construction phase, • Awareness will be created CC, SC, PIMU- SC and PIMU N/A gender-based violence among the females at individual PRMSC Violence (GBV) might arise due to and community levels about the discrimination made against construction sites; women by unequal work distribution and unequal pay • Workers will not be allowed to CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Twice a week SC and PIMU N/A structure among others. crowd in the residential PRMSC observation Sexual harassment against communities within the site; women might occur as a • Alternative routes for pedestrian CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A consequence of mixing of will be provided to avoid mixing of PRMSC men and women at the women with workers; construction site, and • Raise awareness among the CC, SC, PIMU- Reported issues; Daily SC and PIMU N/A moving on the roads and communities of the potential risks PRMSC Awareness markets. This impact is of GBV, and establish response compaigns negative in nature during services in the nearby construction stage. communities that can respond to instances of GBV (particularly those related to issues of labor influx); • The Contractor will make sure CC, SC, PIMU- Hiring Criteria Before Hiring SC and PIMU N/A that no discrimination is made on PRMSC the basis of gender while hiring of workers; • Provisions of gender CC, SC, PIMU- Design Once (before SC and PIMU N/A disaggregate bathing, changing, PRMSC provisions construction of and sanitation facilities; construction camps) • Contractor will take proper CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection; Daily SC and PIMU N/A measures to address and resolve PRMSC Complaints issues relating to harassment, reported intimidation, and exploitation, especially in relation to women. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 133 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Influx of Labor Risk of social conflict: • Labour camp(s) will be CC, SC, PIMU- As per approved Once SC and PIMU N/A Conflicts may arise between established away from residential PRMSC site the local community and the population; construction workers, which • Preference will be given to the CC, SC, PIMU- Hiring Criteria Once before SC and PIMU N/A may be related to religious, local people to work with PRMSC hiring cultural or ethnic contractor, and contractor should differences, or based on hire maximum labour force from competition for local the project area because this will resources; reduce the labour influx Increased risk of illegitimate • Awareness will be created CC, SC, PIMU- Monitor training Monthly SC and PIMU N/A behaviour and crime: The among the work force to ensure PRMSC record influx of workers and service respect for local customs; providers into communities • Construction work will be CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A may increase the rate of completed within the stipulated PRMSC crimes and a perception of time to move workers to next insecurity by the local location; community. Such • Labor force will be shuffled with CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Weekly SC and PIMU N/A illegitimate behaviour and PRMSC the time; crimes can include theft, physical assaults, • Create awareness among CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A workers on proper sanitation and PRMSC substance abuse, sexual assault and human hygiene practices to endorse trafficking; proper health and maintain good housekeeping practices at all project sites; • Provide adequate personal CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A hygiene facilities in good PRMSC condition with adequate supply of clean water; • Make arrangements to treat the CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection; Daily SC and PIMU N/A affected workers on time to PRMSC Complaint control the movement of vectors reported disease • Sensitize workers and CC, SC, PIMU- Complaint Weekly SC and PIMU N/A surrounding communities on PRMSC reported awareness and prevention of HIV/AIDS and sexually Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 134 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility transmitted infections (STI) through training, awareness campaigns and workshops during community meetings; • Provide proper and free CC, SC, PIMU- Hiring protocols Before hiring SC and PIMU N/A HIV/AIDS and STI health PRMSC screening and counselling for site workers and community members; • Develop and enforce a strict code CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection; Weekly SC and PIMU N/A of conduct for workers to regulate PRMSC Complaint behaviour in the local reported communities; • Prohibiting drugs, alcohol, CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection; Daily SC and PIMU N/A weapons, and ammunition on the PRMSC Complaints worksite among personnel; reported • The Contractor must guarantee CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A that good relations are PRMSC maintained with local communities and their leaders to help reduce the risk of vandalism and theft. Social/ Cultural During the construction • Public notification through CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A phase of the project, announcements in local mosques PRMSC Conflicts conflicts may arise between during the entire construction labor force and local phase to avoid any community. Use of local inconvenience in accessibility to resources and products by the locals; the construction workers • Establishment of formal links with CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Weekly SC and PIMU N/A can generate stress on the affected communities; PRMSC local biophysical resources. • Plan for social grievance redress CC, SC, PIMU- During Weekly SC and PIMU N/A Furthermore, difference in mechanisms including the local PRMSC construction of cultural values may also leaders and community the work cause discomfort to local representatives; residents. This impact is • Local labor will preferably be CC, SC, PIMU- Hiring Policies Once (Before SC and PIMU N/A employed for construction works; PRMSC Hiring) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 135 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility temporary and minor • Careful planning and training of CC, SC, PIMU- Visual inspection Daily SC and PIMU N/A negative in nature. workforce to minimize PRMSC disturbance to the local people; • Contractor will preferably arrange CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A their own sources of water. PRMSC observations Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 136 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Child Labor Due to poverty and feeble • Standard clause in the contracts CC, SC, PIMU- Visual Daily SC and PIMU N/A financial situation of the related to child labor explicit PRMSC Observation area, the underaged prohibitions, etc.) and contractor children might get involved will ensure compliance to the with the contractor various contractual provisions on bonded construction works. This will and child labor, equal wages for be the violation of the Child similar work explicit prohibitions, Labor Act. Furthermore, etc.). SEA/SH issues might arise which will create social conflicts. This impact is adverse and temporary in nature. Anticipated Impacts during Operational Phase Soil The soil quality may be • Sludge shall be treated prior to PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Weekly PIMU-PRMSC N/A affected due to leakage/ ultimate use/disposal. Various infiltration from sewer lines options for sludge treatment and STP bed. The sludge include Digestion, Drying/ generated from cleaning/ Dewatering, Composting, Lime maintenance of pumping Stabilization, Heat Treatment stations, manholes, sewers must be considered; and STP may contaminate the soil. The liner of the STP, while desludging may get dried and cracks may lead to the seepage of wastewater and thus contaminate the soil. Improper disposal of scum and sludge is another concern. This is a moderate negative impact. Air Quality The operation of sewerage • Provision of exhaust gas vents at PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Monthly PIMU-PRMSC N/A scheme will result in appropriate locations in the generation of gases design Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 137 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility including H2S and CH4. H2S • Sewer-men will cover their faces PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection; Weekly PIMU-PRMSC Cost given is a foul-smelling poisonous with gas mask while entering the Use of PPEs in ESMP gas which might be harmful sewer for cleaning or Budget for the sewer-men and maintenance purposes; could be fatal sometimes. • It’s better to use sucking PIMU-PRMSC Availability Once PIMU-PRMSC N/A CH4 is natural gas also machinery for cleaning of sewers; referred to as a greenhouse • Use gas detector before PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Daily PIMU-PRMSC N/A gas inspection; • Adequate tree plantation must be PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Weekly PIMU-PRMSC N/A done around the STP to control (maintenance) the spread of odour; Odour STP are designed on • The STP should not be PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Daily PIMU-PRMSC N/A adequate waste loading and overloaded and personnel function well if they are not dealing in operation should be overloaded. The trained to avoid operational overloading will result in issues; malfunctioning of STP and it will result in significant odour generation in the vicinity. This impact is temporary and high adverse in nature. Solid Waste Domestic and hazardous • Waste shall be collected, stored PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Weekly PIMU-PRMSC N/A wastes would be generated and disposed of according to during cleaning and relevant standards in approved maintenance activities. The facilities; solid waste during • An organized collection system PIMU-PRMSC Hiring of licensed Once PIMU-PRMSC N/A operational phase will and its implementation through a contractor consist of plastics, metal licensed contractor; and organic wastes present • The containers will be timely PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Daily PIMU-PRMSC N/A in sewer lines which can removed and the fine will be cause blockage in imposed on contractor in case of sewerage system. violations; • Closed containers will be used for PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Weekly PIMU-PRMSC N/A transportation of waste to the dumping site; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 138 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility • Schedule inspection of the sewer PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Daily PIMU-PRMSC N/A lines and STP to keep it clean and to identify any hazardous material; • Solid waste bins shall be placed PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Weekly PIMU-PRMSC N/A at appropriate locations to avoid its mixing in wastewater. Sludge Sludge is semi solid • Appropriate sludge treatment PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Monthly PIMU-PRMSC N/A material which will be must be undertaken before settled at the bottom of the disposal of sludge; STP due to anaerobic • The sludge must never be left PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Monthly PIMU-PRMSC N/A decomposition of biomass. unattended and should be Significant amount of transferred to designated sludge will not be produced dumping site after adequate in ABR, however, periodic treatment; desludging will be done to • Dried sludge can be used as a PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Monthly PIMU-PRMSC N/A achieve good removal land conditioner in the fields. efficiency. The removed • In case of maintenance/sludge PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Monthly PIMU-PRMSC N/A sludge in wet form, if left removal, alternative ponds shall unattended will create remain functional; nuisance i.e., odor, soil • Inlet and outlet pipework PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Daily PIMU-PRMSC N/A contamination, access/maintenance pits should groundwater be inspected regularly for contamination (through blockages. These pits should be percolation/ seepage) and covered at other times. will serve as breeding ground for disease vector. • The water must be bypassed PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection During rain PIMU-PRMSC N/A during rain and flooding. Community During desludging and • The treated wastewater shall be PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Daily PIMU-PRMSC N/A cleaning operations the routed to the agricultural area in Health Hazards sludge will be piled up a way that there must not be temporarily along the physical contact of the manholes and will be a community; hazard for passers-by and • The community must be PIMU-PRMSC Through Yearly PIMU-PRMSC N/A local community. This educated on the effects of treated Seminars impact is temporary and wastewater to avoid health issues; Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 139 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility moderate negative in • The sludge must be timely PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Monthly PIMU-PRMSC N/A nature. removed from the site and the The treated wastewater area must be barricaded during from STP will be used in desludging and cleaning periods. agricultures in nearby areas. The community using the part will be exposed to the effects of treated wastewater. This impact is permanent and moderate negative in nature. Cumulative Cumulative impact may • Water quality monitoring should PIMU-PRMSC WHO Guideline Quarterly PIMU-PRMSC PCRWR Impact of occur as a result of be done by the third party on /PEQS through Several Water quarterly basis to ensure the Separate development of several extraction supply of safe drinking water. contract Points and treatment plants or Sewerage several water • Groundwater table will be PIMU-PRMSC Depth in Quarterly PIMU-PRMSC N/A Treatment extraction points. monitored periodically. meter/feet Systems • Maintenance of ABR should be PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Annually PIMU-PRMSC N/A done annually for its smooth operations. • Ensure the treated effluent PIMU-PRMSC PEQS Monthly PIMU-PRMSC PCRWR follows the National through Environmental Quality Standards Separate contract • Water metering system should be PIMU-PRMSC Water Meters Once at the time PIMU-PRMSC N/A installed to know the total of connection consumption of water. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 140 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility Social It is crucial to ensure • Providing awareness campaigns PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Weekly PIMU-PRMSC N/A Inclusion that every stakeholder to increase knowledge and of the community have understanding of the project and challenges faced by marginalized equal access on the groups. provision of clean • Providing awareness on the PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Weekly PIMU-PRMSC N/A drinking water and importance of clean drinking sanitation facilities, water & sanitation, education, job improved healthcare training, and community services facilities, educational to underserved and marginalized facilities and on populations. • Fostering partnerships between PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Monthly PIMU-PRMSC N/A economic excess and PRMSC-TO and VOs/VCs to job opportunities. In this promote social inclusion to proposed project efforts address the root causes of social will be made to promote exclusion. the participation of • Regular monitoring and PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Weekly PIMU-PRMSC N/A marginalized groups, evaluation of project policies and such as women and programs to ensure they are effective and inclusive minorities, elderly person in decision- making processes and community activities Elite Capture Elite capture is often • Involving multiple stakeholders, PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Monthly in PIMU-PRMSC N/A facilitated by corruption, including community members, meeting of VO nepotism, and patronage in decision-making processes networks, which enable related to project activities. the elites to manipulate the system in their favor. • Robust and transparent GRM will PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Daily PIMU-PRMSC N/A The consequences of be implemented elite capture are far- • To promote the participation of reaching, with the general marginalized groups, such as public often left without women and minorities, in decision-making processes Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 141 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility access to basic amenities • Strengthening institutions such PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Once at the time PIMU-PRMSC N/A such as health, as VO’s/VC’s and regulatory of VO’s formation education, water and agencies without undue influence or Change in sanitation. from elites VO’s • Due diligence will be held during PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Once at the time PIMU-PRMSC N/A VLD process to absolve the of VLD doner from all the associated land rights. End users of The VO of the village • End water users will adopt water PIMU-PRMSC Awareness Weekly PIMU-PRMSC N/A campaigns Treated will decide the conservation measures such as reducing water wastage, using wastewater distribution rights of efficient irrigation methods treated wastewater according to the needs • Equal rights of the community on PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Need Basis PIMU-PRMSC N/A the usage of treated water will be of community. ensure by the VO’s. • Distribution of treated PIMU-PRMSC VO’s Meeting Need Basis PIMU-PRMSC N/A wastewater will be decided by VO’s/VCs in village • VO will ensure monitoring and PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Need Basis PIMU-PRMSC N/A evaluation on regular basis regarding the usage and conservation of treated water • Awareness campaigns will be PIMU-PRMSC Awareness Once at the time PIMU-PRMSC N/A conducted on the understanding campaigns of VLD and importance of water conservation and its impacts. Occupational Infections resulting from • The Contractor should prepare PIMU-PRMSC Implementation Daily PIMU-PRMSC N/A direct contact with treated OHS and ERPs during operation of OHS & ERPs Health and wastewater, and from phase; Safety Hazards infected wounds; and • Instructing the workforce on PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Daily PIMU-PRMSC N/A Intestinal infections that are handling of treated wastewater; transmitted by flies feeding • Provide basic medical training to PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection; Daily PIMU-PRMSC N/A on the STP. the specified work staff and basic medical service and supplies to Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 142 Implementation Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Indicators Frequency Responsibility workers; • Obligatory insurance of work PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Fortnightly PIMU-PRMSC N/A laborers against accidents; • Provision of safety measures PIMU-PRMSC Visual inspection Cost is such as emergency sirens, provided in firefighting equipment, first aid, Monthly PIMU-PRMSC ESMP and contingency measures in budget case of accidents; KEY CC Construction Contractor DC Design Consultant EPA Environment Protection Agency SC Supervision Consultant PIMU-PRMSC project Implementation Unit – Punjab Rural Municipal Services Company Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 143 7.8 Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), outlines the policy and procedure for documenting, addressing, responding, and employing methods to resolve project grievances and complaints that may emerge during and after PRSWSSP sub-projects implementation. It will also cater to managing any disconnects that emerge from the field level and that have significant implications for the effective implementation of the sub-project interventions. In an effort to deter fraud and corruption, the use of a dedicated mobile application has been proposed for reporting grievances from the field level to district and provincial headquarters. This will not only provide a coherent system of checks and balances but will also enable swift redressal and effective monitoring of complaints. The PIMU at the Local Government & Community Development Department (LG&CDD) level will serve as the Secretariat for the Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC Directorate) that will be responsible for providing oversight on the entire GRM process at a strategic level and monitoring complaints management. Water supply & sanitation are imperative daily basis facilities. Due to, continuous use and all- time requirement, there is a tendency for routine O&M requirements of the facilities. O&M will be needed as soon as project interventions are completed in the village. Due to the huge number of beneficiaries spread, a comprehensive complaint redressal model is indispensable for Service Delivery Unit (SDU). The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will be consistent with the Component 4 Project Management and Monitoring sub-component 4.2 Grievance Redressal Model is part of the Project of PRSWSSP. Project activities may cause social friction if Projects do not have an effective GRM. 7.8.1 Objectives The Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) will be consistent with the requirements of the World Bank safeguard policies to ensure the mitigation of community concerns, risk management, and maximization of environmental and social benefits. The overall objective of the GRM is therefore to provide a robust system of procedures and processes that provides for transparent and rapid resolution of concerns and complaints identified at the village level. The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of the community, including women, senior citizens, and other vulnerable groups. Culturally, appropriate communication mechanisms will be used at all sub-project sites both to spread awareness regarding the GRM process as well as complaints management. This GRM will be integrated with the PRSWSSP overall project GRM hotline 7.8.2 Disclosure of GRM The final processes and procedures for the GRM will be translated into local languages and disseminated at all sub-project locations. These shall be made available (in both leaflet and poster format) to all subproject locations through the offices of each SDU. Dedicated male and female Grievance Focal Persons for each sub-project location will play an instrumental role in Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 144 spreading awareness regarding the GRM, including the use of information technology for reporting and monitoring complaints. 7.8.3 Records and Monitoring The Project Director’s Office will maintain an electronic database at the PIMU that will provide a summary of complaints received and mitigations. The PD office will also provide an analysis of the grievances at each sub-project location using a pre-designed Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) template that will give insight into the type of complaints received and a qualitative and quantitative review of grievance redressal. The PD’s office will also be responsible for uploading the actions and results for each grievance for each sub-project location on a periodic basis to the Project website. The dedicated mobile application that will be used to communicate grievances will provide the basis for recording complaints both at the provincial and district levels. Apart from the electronic database that will be maintained at the PIMU level, a manual register of all complaints and actions taken will be maintained by the Environmental and Social Focal Persons at the Office of the SDU-TOs and a manual register of all day-to-day complaints and their grievance redressal details will be maintained by VOs their office. GBV-related issues will be recorded through GRM, two separate focal persons for males and females are part of Village Organization VO – which will also work as tier-1 of the Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC). The female focal person – trained on the referral directory – will be responsible for further referral of GBV-related complaints to the forums concerned. A multi- sectoral referral system is proposed, which will include referral to The Punjab Women’s Toll- Free Helpline 1043 available 24/7. It is managed and supervised by Punjab Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW). Their helpline team comprises all-women call agents, three legal advisors, a psychosocial counselor, supervisors, and management staff. Moreover, awareness and advocacy training at schools and community level would be conducted on social protection mechanisms/ referral mechanisms vis-à-vis Gender-Based Violence (physical, sexual, verbal, psychological, etc.), Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA), and Sexual Harassment (SH). The Punjab Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW) has been identified as a key stakeholder. PCSW will be informed of the project activities and an institutional link will be established. Furthermore, at the PRMSC Tehsil Office, the Behavior Change and Communication (BCC) Officer – in addition to being member of GRC Tier-I&II – will initially deal with gender related issues/ complaints and further refer the same to the Gender Specialist at Head Office, PRMSC. 7.8.4 Proposed Institutional Mechanisms It is proposed to establish the following prior to commencing project implementation activities including pre-construction activities: Tehsil Level-Public Complaints Center (PCC) in SDU-TO will be responsible to receive, log, and resolve complaints at the site and in Village-level. The complainant would be able to launch a complaint on a toll-free number, mobile application, message, or telephone. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 145 Tier-1 Tier-2 Tier-3 • Village level – • GRC-Tehsil Level • PIMU Level-GRC Panchayat/Village Councils Tier 1: Village level –Panchayat/Village Councils (VC) made under Punjab Local Government (Amendment) Ordinance 2021 will act as the 1st Tier of GRM at the village/community level. Since VCs are not functional, the Project Appraisal Document (PAD) recommends establishment of informal Village Organizations (VOs) in lieu of VCs until formal VCs are elected. This informal VO will comprise of nine (09) members including a chairperson. All the members of the VO will be elected by the village community except a line department’s representative and a BCC Officer of the PRMSC. These non-elected members are part of the VOs to give credence/ recognition to the VO. Moreover, the BCC Officer will forward the unaddressed complaints to the Tier-II of the GRC. Tier 2: Grievance Redress Committee (GRC-Tehsil Level) in SDU-TO will be established for each tehsil that will manage GRM aspects for all sub-project locations in each tehsil including decisions to be taken, actions and monitoring of complaints resolution at the sub-project level. GRC-II, Tier-II comprises of nine (09) members. Respective Tehsil Manager will spearhead the Tier-II. Moreover, to ensure community participation in the Tier-II, the chairperson of the concerned village – from where the complaint is lodged – will also be a member. Tier 3: PIMU Level-GRC at PMIU (LG&CDD) will be responsible to oversee the overall functions of the GRM at a strategic level including monthly review. GRC Tier-III will comprise of nine (09) members. The Project Director / Chief Executive Officer, PRMSC, will spearhead the Tier-III. Moreover, to ensure community participation in the Tier-III, the chairperson of the concerned village – from where the complaint is lodged – will also be a member. The composition of GRCs of all tiers has been attached as Annexure-9. 7.8.5 GRM Process Implementation The grievance redress process is described hereunder: Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 146 Through the envisaged system, the complainant would be able to launch a complaint on a toll-free number, mobile application, message, or telephone (GRM can accept anonymous grievances). Details of the complaints and the complainants will be entered into the system and a complaint number will be provided to the complainant through SMS. In SDU a specific person will be designated to monitor the system and issue necessary instruction to relevant quarter for necessary action. The GRM will provide an interface to complainants to check the status of their complaint and a dashboard for SDU & PIMU to monitor the progress on the complaints. The system will bridge the gap between the masses and the service provider. Monitoring officers will precisely know the details of pending complaints in every SDU. The performance of the SDU could also be easily monitored through it. The GRM will have a built-in escalation system for moving unresolved complaints to higher levels. 7.8.6 Mode of Complaint The complainant can lodge their complaints by opting the following modes: Written Android Telephonically Verbally Website Application Application 7.8.7 GRM Procedures and Timelines The tracking and documenting of grievance resolutions will include the following elements: • Tracking complainant(s) from subprojects sites (field and community level) to PIMU; • Dedicated staff to update the database routinely; • Promote transparency, publicize how complaints are being handled, and periodically evaluate the overall functioning of the mechanism; • Processes for informing stakeholders about the status of a case; and • Procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes, including the periodic reports, from Village and Tehsil and document them into the monthly progress reports at PIMU. GR (Village level) will be responsible to receive, log, and resolve complaints at the village level. The Grievance Redress Committee at the village Panchayats will review and identify actions to be taken to address the complaints at its weekly meeting. If not resolved timely then complaint would be referred to GRC-Tehsil Level (SDU-TO) within 3 days after receiving. GRC-SDU-TO will try to resolve the complaints in a satisfactory manner anyhow, if not satisfactorily resolved by the village panchayats/councils and Tehsil level, then the grievance will be referred for consideration by GRC at the PIMU/LG&CDD level within one week. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 147 Every effort will be made to address or resolve grievances within the following fixed timelines, which will be an indicator of the performance of the handling system. Acknowledgment of a written submission will be issued to the complainant within three working days. If the complainant is not satisfied, the complaint will have the option to seek redress through the court of law. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 148 11. ESMP Budget 8.1 Break up of ESMP Budget The ESMP budget consists of four main components: Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE); Trainings; Environmental Monitoring; and Institutional Strengthening. The cost of the ESMP is divided into two categories, Large and Small, depending on the number of labor requirements. As construction activities in all villages are limited to 10 months, the labor requirement increases with the scope of work. This means that more budget will be required for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), medical screenings,training costs, and contingency for livelihood assistance. If the number of labors is less than 20, the village will be considered small, and the budget for small villages will be utilized. However, if the labor requirement exceeds 20 for construction activities, the village will be considered large. Table 25: Village-wise ESMP Cost Village-wise ESMP Cost Cost Large Sr. ESMP Component Cost Small Village* Village* 1 HSE 877,500 1,433,000 2 Training 1,350,000 1,550,000 3 Env. Monitoring 350,000 446,000 Contingency for Livelihood 4. Assistance (10 %) 257,750 342900 Total (one village) 2,835,250 3,771,900 Institutional strengthening cost will be provided tehsil-wise, Environmental, Social and Gender experts will take care of all the villages in one tehsil. Table 26: Village-wise ESMP Cost Tehsil-wise Cost 4 Institutional Cost 9,000,000 Breakup of each component of the ESMP cost is provided below: Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 149 11.2 Budget Estimate for HSE During the Construction Phases Budget estimate for HSE composed of cost of medical screening of communicable diseases of the labors, cost of tarpaulins to cover the construction material while transporting or storage, cost of handling and disposal of hazardous materials and solid waste, provision of fire alarms and fire extinguishers for fire fighting in case of fire emergency. A special provision for the COVID-19 measure is also part of HSE budget estimate, which will not be utilized if corona situation aggravates and government announce special measures are required to be taken to contain spread of virus. Breakup of the estimate of the HSE cost for large villages is provided in table 28 and for small villages is provided in table 27. Table 27: Budget Estimate for HSE During the Construction Phase of Large Village Health, Safety and Environment for Large Villages Rate Amount Sr. No. Description Quantity Unit (PKR) (PKR) Medical screening for workers (HIV screening, CBC, Hep. BsAg, HCV 1 30 Persons 2,000 60,000 antibodies, LFTs, RFTs, e.t.c. 2 Tarpaulins (High Quality water proof PVC) 50 sft 1,000 50,000 Handling of hazardous material (Store all hazardous materials properly, 3 10 Monthly 10,000 100,000 separate incompatibles, and store in ventilated, dry, cool areas) Handling of solid waste (storage, collection, transportation, treatment, 4 10 Monthly 20,000 200,000 utilization, processing, and final disposal of solid wastes) DCP Fire extinguishers (6 kg) in case of fire (The material of the cylinder is steel. The extinguishing agent is mono ammonium phosphate and ammonium 1 Each 10,000 10,000 sulfate powder and the discharge time of the agent is 13 seconds) 5 CO2 Fire extinguishers (6 kg discharge time of the agent is 13 seconds). 1 Each 20,000 20,000 Fire alarm (Signal Transmission: Wired Alarm, 1 Each 10,000 8,000 Working Principle: Manual Alarm Button) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 150 Special Measures for Covid-19 (corona test, quarantine expense in case of 6 corona measures to be taken announced by local government/provincial 10 monthly 7,500 75,000 government, Hand sanitizers) Break up 7 Cost of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)* 910,000 Provided Total Cost 1,433,000 Table 28: Budget Estimate for HSE During the Construction Phase of Small Villages Health, Environment and Safety for Large Villages Rate Amount Sr. No. Description Quantity Unit (PKR) (PKR) Medical screening for workers (HIV screening, CBC, Hep. BsAg, HCV 1 15 Persons 2,000 30,000 antibodies, LFTs, RFTs, e.t.c. 2 Tarpaulins (High Quality water proof PVC) 35 sft 1,000 35,000 Handling of hazardous material (Store all hazardous materials properly, 3 10 Monthly 8,000 80,000 separate incompatibles, and store in ventilated, dry, cool areas) Handling of solid waste (storage, collection, transportation, treatment, 4 10 Monthly 15,000 150,000 utilization, processing, and final disposal of solid wastes) DCP Fire extinguishers (6 kg) in case of fire (The material of the cylinder is steel. The extinguishing agent is mono ammonium phosphate and ammonium 1 Each 10,000 10,000 5 sulfate powder and the discharge time of the agent is 13 seconds) CO2 Fire extinguishers (6 kg discharge time of the agent is 13 seconds). 1 Each 20,000 20,000 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 151 Fire alarm (Signal Transmission: Wired Alarm, 1 Each 10,000 10,000 Working Principle: Manual Alarm Button) Special Measures for Covid-19 (corona test, quarantine expense in case of 6 corona measures to be taken announced by local government/provincial 10 monthly 7,500 75,000 government, Hand sanitizers) Break up 7 Cost of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)* 467,500 Provided Total Cost 877,500 11.3 Break Up of Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment cost is including in the ESMP Cost significantly for Health, Safety and Environment and divided into two categories according to the size of villages small & Large. Breakup of the estimate of the HSE cost for large villages is provided in table 28 and for small villages is provided in table 29. Which includes safety items ear plugs, helmets, safety shoes, protective goggles, Gloves, Masks and first aid kits. Table 29:Break Up of Personal Protective Equipment for Large Village Rate Amount Item No. Description Quantity Unit (PKR) PKR 1 Ear plugs (corded Reusable silicon Earplugs) 300 Each 150 45,000 Helmets (PE shell with vents Lining; material: Plastic Chin strap 2 30 Each 5,000 150,000 included; Adjust head size by ratchet knob) 3 Safety shoes (Renowned brand) 30 Each 7,500 225,000 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 152 Protective goggles (Anti-fog, Anti scratch, Poly-carbonate 4 30 Each 500 15,000 Scratch and impact resistant, side protection sheet) 5 Gloves (made up of nylon, polyurethane with ironclad) 300 Each 1000 300,000 6 Dust Mask (N-95) 1000 Each 150 150,000 First Aid Kit (pain killers, eyewash solution, antibiotic ointment, thermometer, plasters, sterile gauze dressings, sterile eye 7 1 Each 25,000 25,000 dressings, triangular bandages, crepe rolled bandages, safety pins, disposable sterile gloves and tweezers) Total 910,000 Table 30:Break Up of Personal Protective Equipment for Small Village Rate Amount Item No. Description Quantity Unit (PKR) PKR 1 Ear plugs (corded Reusable silicon Earplugs) 150 Each 150 22,500 Helmets (PE shell with vents Lining; material: Plastic Chin strap 2 15 Each 5,000 75,000 included; Adjust head size by ratchet knob) 3 Safety shoes (Renowned brand) 15 Each 7,500 112,500 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 153 Protective goggles (Anti-fog, Anti scratch, Poly-carbonate 4 15 Each 500 7,500 Scratch and impact resistant, side protection sheet) 5 Gloves (made up of nylon, polyurethane with ironclad) 150 Each 1000 150,000 6 Dust Mask (N-95) 500 Each 150 75,000 First Aid Kit (pain killers, eyewash solution, antibiotic ointment, thermometer, plasters, sterile gauze dressings, sterile eye 7 1 Each 25,000 25,000 dressings, triangular bandages, crepe rolled bandages, safety pins, disposable sterile gloves and tweezers) Total 467,500 11.4 Environmental Monitoring Cost Provision for the environmental monitoring is part of the cost of ESMP. Environmental Monitoring will help the client to assess the negative impacts on air and water quality of the concerned villages. Table 31 and Table 32 provide the cost of Environmental Monitoring in large and small villages respectively. Table 31: Environmental Monitoring Cost for Large Village No. of Samples Cost Components Parameters Frequency Responsibility Duration Sampling (PKR) Frequency Total Points Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 154 Construction Phase (10 months) All PEQS Air Quality 1 3 3 Quarterly Contractor 24 hours 90,000 parameters Ground Water All PEQS 2 3 6 Quarterly Contractor - 96,000 Quality parameters Surface Water All PEQS 2 3 6 Quarterly Contractor - 96,000 Quality parameters Noise Level - 1 3 3 Quarterly Contractor 24 hours 14,000 Visits of OHS professionals on monthly basis from tehsil office to the village 150,000 Sub-Total 446,000 Table 32: Environmental Monitoring Cost for Small Village No. of Samples Cost Components Parameters Frequency Responsibility Duration (PKR) Sampling Frequency Total Points Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 155 Construction Phase (10 months) All PEQS Air Quality 1 3 3 Quarterly Contractor 24 hours 90,000 parameters Ground Water All PEQS 1 3 3 Quarterly Contractor - 48,000 Quality parameters Surface Water All PEQS 1 3 3 Quarterly Contractor - 48,000 Quality parameters Noise Level - 1 3 3 Quarterly Contractor 24 hours 14,000 Visits of OHS professionals on monthly basis from tehsil office to the village 150,000 Sub-Total 350,000 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 156 8.5 Training Program The environmental and social training will help to ensure that the requirements of the ESMP are clearly understood and followed by all project personnel. The primary responsibility of providing this training to all project personnel will be that of the contractor and ESC. The training will be provided to different professional groups separately such as managers, skilled personnel, unskilled labors, and camp staff. Capacity building will be aimed at strengthening the ESC, and operational staff in the field of environmental management and social development. Table 33 provides detail of the training required for the implementation of ESMP during the construction phase. Table 33: Training Cost for Large Villages Amount Training Type of Participants Content Scheduling Activity Training (PKR) Construction Phase (10 months) Awareness & Environment Contractor applicability of code of Presentation Once Staff environmental code practices of practices Revision on Revision of Awareness & Environment Contractor Presentation applicability of Once code of Staff 300,000 environmental code practice of practices Awareness associated with Waste Contractor Lecture waste Storage, Once Management Staff collection and safe disposal Workers Do's and don’t's of Contractor Presentation Code of community Staff & FGD Conduct interaction twice 500,000 All relevant Grievance project staff Presentation roles and Redress including & FGD procedures of GRM Mechanism contractor Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 157 Awareness workshop regarding Risk, Prevention Contractor Covid 19 and Presentation and available Once Staff other vector treatment borne diseases Community/ occupational Contractor Awareness on EHS Lecture Once 300,000 health and Staff Guidelines safety Potential natural and other Emergency Contractor hazard/emergencies Workshop Once Response Staff and dealing with emergency to minimize damage Awareness on World Bank OPs, PEPA rules, WB OPs & Managerial guidelines, PEPA Staff of Lecture Once 150,000 regulation and Regulations Contractor standards for satisfactory compliance Contractor Resettlement Awareness on OP and ESC Related Lecture 4.12 (Involuntary Once Staff of Issues Resettlement) PIMU Awareness & Labour Code Contractor applicability of Lecture Once 300,000 of Practise Staff Labourl code of practices Awareness on Gender Contractor gender Lecture Once Aspects Staff inequalities/GBV OP 4.20 Sub project total 1,550,000 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 158 Table 34: Training Cost for Large Villages Amount Training Type of Participants Content Scheduling Activity Training (PKR) Construction Phase (10 months) Awareness & Environment Contractor applicability of code of Presentation Once Staff environmental code practices of practices Revision on Revision of Awareness & Environment Contractor Presentation applicability of Once code of Staff 300,000 environmental code practice of practices Awareness associated with Waste Contractor Lecture waste Storage, Once Management Staff collection and safe disposal Do's and don’t's of Workers Code Contractor Presentation community of Conduct Staff & FGD interaction twice 400,000 All relevant Greivance project staff Presentation roles and Redress including & FGD procedures of GRM Mechanism contractor Awareness workshop regarding Risk, Prevention Contractor Covid 19 and Presentation and available Once Staff other vector treatment borne 200,000 diseases Community/ occupational Contractor Awareness on EHS Lecture Once health and Staff Guidelines safety Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 159 Potential natural and other Emergency Contractor hazard/emergencies Workshop Once Response Staff and dealing with emergency to minimize damage Awareness on World Bank OPs, PEPA rules, WB OPs & Managerial guidelines, PEPA Staff of Lecture Once 150,000 regulation and Regulations Contractor standards for satisfactory compliance Resettlement Contractor Awareness on OP Related and ESC Lecture 4.12 (Involuntary Once Issues Staff of PIMU Resettlement) Awareness & Labour Code Contractor applicability of 300,000 Lecture Once of Practise Staff Labourl code of practices Awareness on Gender Contractor gender Lecture Once Aspects Staff inequalities/GBV OP 4.20 Sub project total 1,350,000 8.6 Institutional Capacity & Strengthening In order to ensure that the ESMP provisions are implemented efficiently and effectively, capacity building/ strengthening of the implementing parties are required. Therefore, based on the assessment of the institutional capacities of the parties involved in the implementation of the ESMP, the following broad areas of capacity building/strengthening have been identified and recommended for effective implementation of the ESMP. Table 35 shows the positions proposed for institutional strengthening for effective implementation of environmental and social mitigation measures along with their responsibilities while Table 36 presents the cost of institutional strengthening. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 160 Table 35: Institutional Strengthening Arrangement Tehsil-wise Institutional Scheduling Position Responsibility Strengthening (Months) Contractor Environmental/ 10 ▪ Responsible for the overall implementation of ESMF processes and procedures in the light of WB HSE Expert policies and Guidelines and local policies and procedures; ▪ Closely follow up the integration of safeguard assessment information and inclusion of safeguards self-screening process at the project development and design stage; ▪ Provide technical support during proposal development, project design, appraisal process, and resource mobilization plan for the sub-projects in all locations; ▪ Undertake follow-up monitoring to ensure that proposed mitigation measures are implemented according to an agreed-upon environmental and social mitigation implementation plan; ▪ Closely provide assistance and design capacity building/training program for the overall implementation of ESMF from PIMU to village level and deliver capacity building training to the field teams to close knowledge/skill gaps and minimize the likelihood of risks happening to sub- projects; ▪ Ensure that appropriate environmental and social mitigation measures are proposed and met; ▪ Undertake to follow-up monitoring to ensure that proposed mitigation measures are implemented according to an agreed-upon environmental and social mitigation and implementation plan; ▪ At the PIMU level, maintain the record of all information, documents evidence, and reports including progress reports, TPV Reports, training reports, ESMPs, Screening Checklists, etc.; ▪ Closely work with SSS and Gender Specialists at the PIMU level and provide technical assistance and advice to the Environment/ Water Quality Officers based at SDU-TO Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….161 Institutional Scheduling Position Responsibility Strengthening (Months) Social / 10 ▪ Responsible for the overall implementation of social safeguard of ESMF and RPF and VLD Resettlement processes and procedures in the light of WB policies and Guidelines and local policies and Expert procedures; ▪ Closely follow up the integration of safeguard assessment information and inclusion of safeguards self-screening process at the project development and design stage; ▪ Provide technical support during proposal development, project design, appraisal process, and resource mobilization plan for the sub-projects in all locations; ▪ Review all the E&S Screening checklists from social safeguards point of view and ensure the correct categorization of each subproject and visit the project sites for Resettlement Checklists (if required); ▪ Overall responsible for the implementation of GRM and Public Disclosure of Information processes and procedures; ▪ Undertake follow-up monitoring to ensure that proposed mitigation measures are implemented according to an agreed-upon mitigation and implementation plan Closely provide assistance and design capacity building/training program for the overall implementation of social safeguards and RPF from PIMU to village level and deliver capacity building training to the field teams to close knowledge/skill gaps and minimize the likelihood of risks to happen to sub-projects; ▪ Ensure that appropriate social mitigation measures are proposed and met prepare SMPs either separately or integrated with ESMPs; ▪ Undertake follow-up monitoring to ensure that proposed mitigation measures are implemented according to an agreed-upon social mitigation and implementation plan; ▪ Assist PIMU in hiring consultants (if required for preparation of ARAPs); ▪ At the PIMU level, maintain the record of all information, documents evidence and reports including progress reports, TPV Reports, training reports, SMPs/ ARAPs and Screening Checklists etc. ▪ Closely work with ESS and Gender Specialists at PIMU level and SDU-TO team. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….162 Institutional Scheduling Position Responsibility Strengthening (Months) Gender 10 ▪ Ensure implementation of World Bank Gender guidelines and policy; Specialist ▪ Provide direct technical assistance and guidance on women’s economic empowerment to the PRSWSSP and its delivery partners; ▪ Support the development of tools, systems, processes and approaches that continuously improve technical excellence and impact in the area of transformative approaches to women’s economic empowerment; ▪ Lead, coordinate, support, and/or conduct gender and power analyses, effectiveness and efficacy studies, appraisal, evaluation and needs assessments as required by the PRSWSSP; ▪ Assist with quantitative/qualitative assessments in targeted communities to assess effectiveness of interventions and impact; ▪ Support delivery partners to understand the role of gender equality and women’s economic empowerment for the PRSWSSP impact groups; ▪ Ensure gender equality and women’s economic empowerment criteria are well integrated into market systems approaches; ▪ Work closely with other technical specialists to integrate gender across all PRSWSSP components; ▪ Facilitate and support a strong learning and knowledge-sharing community around gender- transformative practices amongst delivery partners; ▪ Represent work being done in gender transformation and women’s economic empowerment under the PRSWSSP in relevant internal and external forums. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….163 Table 36: Cost of Institutional Strengthening (Tehsil Wise) Rate Amount Sr. No. Description (Position) Quantity Unit (PKR) (PKR) A. Construction Phase - 10 months (for the Contractor) Environmental Expert/ 1 300 Days 10,000 3,000,000 HSE Expert Social / Resettlement 2 300 Days 10,000 3,000,000 Expert 3 Gender Expert 300 Days 10,000 3,000,000 9,000,000 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….164 8.7 ESMP Cost of Village and Tehsils Table No. 36 provides the calculated cost of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the tehsils and their villages based on their categorization (large/small). It is important to note that Naseerpur Khurd is the sole village of Tehsil Kot Momin, which is situated in close proximity to Tehsil Kallar Khara, where two priority villages are located. As the same contractor will be mobilized for both tehsils, the institutional strengthening cost will be shared between them, rather than providing institutional strengthening cost for each tehsil individually. The total estimated cost of ESMP is PKR 88.642 million for 26 villages in 8 tehsils. Table 37: ESMP Cost of Villages and whole Tehsil Institutional Labor Strengthening Tehsil wise Zone Tehsils Priority Villages Category Village Wise Cost required Cost (Tehsil ESMP cost wise) 30 Arifabad Large 3,429,000 Canter-I Pakpattan 30 Dhaku Chishti Large 3,429,000 900000 11,187,000 30 Sochan Large 3,429,000 30 Chak 190 Large 3,429,000 30 Chak 192 Large 3,429,000 Center-II Bhawana 30 Chak 199 Large 3,429,000 900000 18,045,000 30 Chak 221 Large 3,429,000 30 Chak 226 Large 3,429,000 30 Makhyal Large 3,429,000 Kallar kahar 30 Gahi Large 3,429,000 North 900000 11,187,000 Kot Momin 30 Naseerpur Khurd Large 3,429,000 30 Chak M Zaman Large 3,429,000 South-I Bahawalnagar 900000 7,758,000 30 Chak Sadiq Nagar Large 3,429,000 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….165 Khairpur 30 Sheikh Wahan Large 3,429,000 900000 7,758,000 Tamewali 30 ISA Large 3,429,000 15 Choki Rangu Khan Small 2,577,500 15 Chowki Soba Khan Small 2,577,500 South-II Kahror Pakka 15 Dhora Mahar Small 2,577,500 900000 13,787,500 15 Gulhar Small 2,577,500 15 Muhammad Pur Small 2,577,500 20 Chak 5 Small 2,577,500 20 Chak 17 Small 2,577,500 30 Chak 25 Large 3,429,000 South-III Liaqatpur 900000 18,919,500 20 Chak 26 Small 2,577,500 30 Chak 29 Large 3,429,000 30 Chak 30 Large 3,429,000 Total 82,342,000 6,300,000 88,642,000 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….166 Annexure-1 List of 200 priority Villages Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….167 Region District Tehsil Village name (Mouza Village Census-2008) permanent code (Mouza Census- 2008) South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar RATI RAMPURA 33333 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar KAMAL MOHD 33289 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar CHAK GHULAM 33367 MUHAMMAD South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar NANAK CHAND 33307 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar MANOHAR GARH 33376 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar TOBA ALLAHYAR 33383 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar MURAD KHARAL 33364 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar ANOKH SINGH 33247 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar CHAK MUHAMMAD 33377 ZAMAN South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali KOT AZIM 32735 South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali GOTH NOOR 32812 MUHAMMAD South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali ISA 32747 South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali AWAL KHAN 32762 South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali USMAN ALI SHAH 32763 South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali ARABUDHU 32795 South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali LALSO-HANRA 32809 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar MOMIN ABAD 33356 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar PHOGANWALA 33360 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar CHAK SADIQ NAGAR 33175 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar KAKKU BODLA 33235 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar ATAR SINGH SANI 33280 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar MOHD YAR CHISHTI 33368 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar KHETRAN WALA 33308 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar QAMARUDIN BODLA 33233 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar KAHANPURA 33278 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar RAMZAN LANGAH 33220 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar QAMAR0-UD-DIN 33223 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar JANDWALA KHURD 33294 South Bahawalnagar Bahawalnagar GANGA SINGH 33284 South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali SHIEKH WAHAN 32779 South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali SHARAF 32730 South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali JALANI 32715 South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali NOOR MOHD KHAN 32815 South Bahawalpur Khairpur Tamewali GULPUR HITHAR 32800 South Lodhran Karor Pacca ALI PUR KANJUN 26661 South Lodhran Karor Pacca CHOKI RANGO KHAN 26662 South Lodhran Karor Pacca GULHAR 26557 South Lodhran Karor Pacca JHOK AHIR 26249 South Lodhran Karor Pacca MOHAMMAD PUR 26230 South Lodhran Karor Pacca CHOKI SOBHA KHAN 26552 South Lodhran Karor Pacca PYWAGNAN 26236 South Multan Shuja Abad MARI NOON 26708 South Multan Shuja Abad JALAL PUR KHAKHI 26723 South Multan Shuja Abad BASTI MITHU SHARQI 36502 South Multan Shuja Abad GURWEZ PUR 26716 South Multan Shuja Abad OBAWRHA SHUMALI 26734 South Multan Shuja Abad MAQEEM PUR 26698 South Multan Shuja Abad KULUCH PUR 26712 South Multan Shuja Abad WAHI NOON 26692 South Muzaffargarh Alipur YAKEWALI 31806 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….168 South Muzaffargarh Alipur AZMAT PUR 31800 South Muzaffargarh Alipur GHAUS PUR 31734 South Muzaffargarh Alipur BET NABI SHAH 31798 South Muzaffargarh Alipur MADD SOHANARA SHAH 31911 South Lodhran Karor Pacca NOOR SHAH 26653 South Lodhran Karor Pacca 30/M 26416 South Lodhran Karor Pacca HASSA JOYA 26568 South Lodhran Karor Pacca DHORAH MAHAR 26549 South Multan Shuja Abad KHARA 26721 South Multan Shuja Abad BASTI MITHU GHARBI 26699 South Multan Shuja Abad THATHA GHULWAN 26732 SHUMALI South Multan Shuja Abad JHAKAR 26694 South Muzaffargarh Alipur PIRO WALI 31826 South Muzaffargarh Alipur BET MULLAN WALI 31793 South Muzaffargarh Alipur NAU ABAD 31872 South Muzaffargarh Alipur KHIRORAH FAZAL MOHD 31821 South Muzaffargarh Alipur WALWAT 31786 Region District Tehsil Village name (Mouza Village permanent Census-2008) code (Mouza Census-2008) South D.G.Khan Taunsa SANJAR SHAHI 29861 South D.G.Khan Taunsa KALUWALA 29712 South D.G.Khan Taunsa BASTI PIR 29841 South D.G.Khan Taunsa JHOK MANU 29867 South D.G.Khan Taunsa CHOLANI 29894 South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur CHAK NO.45/ABBASIA 34983 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur CHAK NO.5/ABBASIA 35031 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur CHAK NO.30/ABBASIA 34979 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur CHAK NO.25/ABBASIA 35038 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur CHAK NO.17/ABBASIA 35037 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur CHAK NO.29/ABBASIA 34978 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur CHAK NO.44/ABBASIA 35000 Khan South Rajanpur Rojhan SALEEM ABAD 32371 South Rajanpur Rojhan CHAK RANWANI 32335 South Rajanpur Rojhan MUTFARQ MAZARI 32369 South Rajanpur Rojhan DERA DILDAR 32358 South Rajanpur Rojhan KOTLA HUSSAN SHAH 32411 South D.G.Khan Taunsa BOHAR 29871 South D.G.Khan Taunsa RIND WALA 29779 South D.G.Khan Taunsa MITHE WALI 29734 South D.G.Khan Taunsa LAKHU 29746 South D.G.Khan Taunsa KABIR SHAH 29766 South D.G.Khan Taunsa SONTRA 29750 South D.G.Khan Taunsa LAL SHAH 29888 South D.G.Khan Taunsa BUZDAR 29720 South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur UNNARRAN 34973 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur KOTLA DARIGH 34855 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur ZAFAR ABAD 34945 Khan Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….169 South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur GALANI 34932 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur BAHAN WALA 34851 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur CHAK NO.67/ABBASIA 34989 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur LAL SHAH 34939 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur RAQBA PIR MOHSIN 34913 Khan SHAH South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur DODA NAICH 34879 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur GHOUS ABAD 34952 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur CHAK NO.1 ABBASIA 35061 Khan South Rahim Yar Liaqatpur CHAK NO.141/ABBASIA 35025 Khan South Rajanpur Rojhan KOCHA MIANWALI NO.1 32368 South Rajanpur Rojhan CHAK UMRANI 32336 South Rajanpur Rojhan KOTLA HAMAL 32418 MUSHTARQA MAZARI North Chakwal Kallar Kahar MAIRA 12719 North Chakwal Kallar Kahar KHAI 12717 North Chakwal Kallar Kahar KHAIR PUR 12698 North Chakwal Kallar Kahar KALU 12703 North Chakwal Kallar Kahar GAHI 12593 North Chakwal Kallar Kahar SARKALAN 12581 North Khushab Noorpur Thal RANG PUR BAGHOR 25084 North Khushab Noorpur Thal 29/M.B. 25042 North Khushab Noorpur Thal 49/D.B. 25067 North Khushab Noorpur Thal CHAK 17/M.B. 25034 North Khushab Noorpur Thal 53/D.B. 25078 North Mianwali Isa Khel KACHH TUNDAR KHEL 25323 North Mianwali Isa Khel KHUDOZAI 25329 North Mianwali Isa Khel KOTKI 25330 North Mianwali Isa Khel GANDA 25333 North Mianwali Isa Khel KOT CHANDANA 25328 North Mianwali Isa Khel TOLA MANGLI 25326 North Mianwali Isa Khel PACCAKIS UMER KHAN 25341 North Sargodha Kot Moman KIRARI WALA 24389 North Sargodha Kot Moman BURJ MUHAMMAD KHAN 24414 North Sargodha Kot Moman SAID NAU 24411 North Sargodha Kot Moman MOHRI WAL 24277 North Sargodha Kot Moman KOTLA PANAH 24458 North Chakwal Kallar Kahar MAKHYAL 12589 North Chakwal Kallar Kahar DAI 12588 North Khushab Noorpur Thal TETRI 25009 North Khushab Noorpur Thal PIPLI SAYEDAN 25023 North Khushab Noorpur Thal ADHI SARGAL 25031 North Khushab Noorpur Thal CHAK 18/M.B. 25035 North Mianwali Isa Khel KARANDI 25306 North Mianwali Isa Khel VANJARI 25321 North Mianwali Isa Khel PACCA ATTOCK 25289 PANIYALA North Sargodha Kot Moman GHULLA PUR 24302 North Sargodha Kot Moman KOT UMERANA 24451 North Sargodha Kot Moman NASEER PUR KALAN 24292 North Sargodha Kot Moman RAM RANG 24468 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….170 North Sargodha Kot Moman NASIR PUR KHURD 24466 Centre Bhakkar Darya Khan CHAK NO.17/T.D.A 25447 Centre Bhakkar Darya Khan SANDI 25405 Centre Bhakkar Darya Khan LUNDI NASHEB 25409 Centre Bhakkar Darya Khan MURANI SHUMALI 25406 Centre Bhakkar Darya Khan ANGRA DAGGAR 25627 Centre Chiniot Bhowana TAJA BEERWALA 23776 Centre Chiniot Bhowana CHAK NO 190 23803 Centre Chiniot Bhowana CHAK 221 23837 Centre Chiniot Bhowana CHAK 199 23854 Centre Chiniot Bhowana THATTA JHANAB 23792 Centre Chiniot Bhowana BARKHURDAR 23794 Centre Chiniot Bhowana CHAK 226 23816 Centre Jhang Ahmad Pur Sial SEWA 23518 Centre Jhang Ahmad Pur Sial CHAK NO.11/3-L 23522 Centre Jhang Ahmad Pur Sial HAZARAT SULTAN BAHU 23498 Centre Jhang Ahmad Pur Sial FATEH PUR PIRTI 23332 Centre Jhang Ahmad Pur Sial GUDARA 23520 Centre Bhakkar Darya Khan HAJI HUSSAIN SHAH 25631 DAGAR Centre Bhakkar Darya Khan SURANI DAGGAR 25432 Centre Bhakkar Darya Khan SURANI NASHEB 25415 Centre Bhakkar Darya Khan CHAK NO.52-M.L 25426 Centre Chiniot Bhowana SULEMAN 23629 Centre Chiniot Bhowana BILHARKE 23769 Centre Chiniot Bhowana HID 23790 Centre Chiniot Bhowana CHAK 248 23825 Centre Chiniot Bhowana CHAK 192 23805 Centre Chiniot Bhowana KAMOKE 23772 Centre Jhang Ahmad Pur Sial JAIWAIN 23502 Centre Jhang Ahmad Pur Sial DAULUANA SHARQI 23358 Centre Jhang Ahmad Pur Sial BAKHU SARGANA 23544 Centre Jhang Ahmad Pur Sial CHAK NO.2/2-L 23505 Centre Jhang Ahmad Pur Sial CHAK NO.3/3-R 23561 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan KARAM PUR BHATTI 28075 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK NO.57-S.P. 27980 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan BABLANA 28171 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan SOCHAN 27952 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan KILLI 27945 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK AHMAD SHER 28096 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan KALE WAL 28051 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan ARIF ABAD 27949 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan DEDAR SINGH 28181 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan JIWANA MEHTAM 28192 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan DHAKKU CHISHTI 27934 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK NO.93/D. 28013 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK NO.32/S.P. 27991 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK ELAHYA WALA 28166 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan JATTU WAL 27944 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK NO.47 S.P. 28052 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan SOHARA 27936 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK SARDUL SINGH 27964 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK NO.22.S.P. 28067 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan FARID PUR DOGRAN 27972 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK NO.66.D. 28109 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan GHURI 28094 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….171 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK NO.34/S.P 27961 Centre Pakpattan Pakpattan CHAK NO.86/D 28035 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….172 Annexure-2 Area of Influence Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….173 Map indicating the Tehsil Bhowana and relevant villages included in this ESMP Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….174 Area of Influence Google map showing overview of Chak -190 (Arbiwala) and surrounding area, Solid black line represents Area of Influence Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….175 Layout Plan of Proposed Water Supply System in Chak-190 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….176 Layout Plan of Proposed Sewerage System in Chak-190 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….177 Annexure-3 Chance Find Procedures Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….178 CHANCE FIND PROCEDURES Project may involve deep excavation. Therefore, the possibility of chance find is not ignorable. In case of any chance find, the contractor will immediately report through Supervision Consultant to Directorate General (DG) of Antiquities & Archaeology, Government of Punjab to take further suitable action to preserve those antique or sensitive remains. Representative of the “Director Archaeology and Museum (DAM)” will visit the site and observed the significance of the antique, artifact and Cultural (religious) properties and significance of the project. The documentation will be completed and if required suitable action will be taken to preserve those antiques and sensitive remains. In case any artifact, antiques and sensitive remains are discovered, chance find procedures should be adopted by contractor workers as follows: • Stop the construction activities in the areas of chance find; • Delineate the discovered site or area; • Consult with the local community and provincial Archeological Department • The suggestion of the local communities and the concerned authorities will be suitably incorporated during taking the preventive measures to conserve the antique, artifact and cultural (religious) properties • Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In case of removable antiquities or sensitive remain, a night guard shall be arranged until the responsible local authorities take over; • After stopping work, the contractor must immediately report the discovery to the Supervision Engineer. The contact Address of Directorate General of Antiquities & Archaeology is given below: 1st Floor Aiwan-e-Auqaf Building Near Lahore High Court, Lahore, Pakistan Tel: 042-99210870 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….179 Annexure-4 PEQS and other relevant standards Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….180 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….181 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….182 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….183 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….184 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….185 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….186 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….187 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….188 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….189 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….190 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….191 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….192 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….193 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….194 Annexure-5 E & S Checklist Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….195 E & S Screening Checklist Environmental and Social screening checklist for of 26 priority villages can be accessed through the following link https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1fBccLFGg9k-Sf9Q6zAeGzxBfDvI_rENM?usp=sharing Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….196 Annexure-6 Consultation Meetings Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….197 Details of Consultation Meetings Sr. Tehsil Revenue Villages No. of No. of No Meetings Participants Conducted 1 Pakpattan Dahku Chishti 2 15 Arifabad 3 18 Sochan 4 12 2 Kalar Kahar Makhial 3 20 Gahi 2 25 3 Kot Momin Naseerpur Khurd 3 22 4 Bahawalnagar Chak Muhammad Zaman 4 18 Moza Sadiq Nagar 3 19 5 Khairpur Tamiwali Sheikh Wahan 2 16 Moza Isa 3 29 6 Kehror Pakka Muhammad Pur 3 15 Chowki Rangu Khan 3 23 Gulhaar 3 24 Dora Mahar 2 18 Chowki Suba Khan 3 20 7 Bhawana Chak No. 190 3 13 Chak No. 192 2 18 Chak No. 199 4 15 Chak No. 221 4 20 Chak No. 226 4 19 8 Liaqatpur Chak No. 5/A 2 16 Chak No. 17/A 3 30 Chak No. 25/A 3 12 Chak No. 26/A 2 22 Chak No. 29/A 3 15 Chak No. 30/A 3 23 Total 76 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….198 Annexure-7 VLD Procedure Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….199 VLD or NOC Process Identification of Location for Construction of Infrastructure (OHR, WWTPS, Tube well) Project Disclosure to Stakeholders and Consultation with Land Owner Fard, Malkiyat Aks Sharja, Type of Land VLD in case of Private NOC in case of State Land Land Signing of VLD Documents Letter to With Witness of AC/LAC Nazim/Numberdar Specific conditions for the VLD procedure are provided in ESMF. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….200 Annexure-7A VLD Screening Checklist Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….201 Checklist of Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) Process Checklist Sr. Description Yes=Y; Requirements No. No=N A Determine the appropriateness of VLD Has the viability of all other alternative locations/ sites Must be Yes 1 been considered? 2 Is Govt. land available? No, In case Yes, the following must be checked Reasons for obtaining land through VLD in spite of Justifications/ Reasons for VLD 3 the availability of govt. land? Has the cost-benefit analysis been conducted for Cost 4 choosing VLD instead of Govt. land? Does the cost meet the minimum threshold required Must be yes 5 for opting for VLD instead of Govt. land? Ensure the landowner is not vulnerable (as per provincial poverty line for rural areas or No belonging to certain social categories) Is the land obtained through VLD owned by a woman VLD not to be taken from the women headed family 6 who is the sole earner of the family? Minority /handicapped persons, and is subject to any of the following impacts: 7 cost of loses of land holding; Must be avoided 8 cost of loses shelter; and loses sources of livelihoods. Must be avoided B VLD Requirements The Titleholder should be holding more than the Minimum 2 kanals 9 minimum prescribed land; Verify voluntary donation is not more than 10% of Must be Yes 10 area of titleholder's holding Verify impacts are minor and not requiring physical Must be Yes 11 relocation of titleholder Verify land must be jointly identified by the Revenue Must be Yes 12 Department/ VO or project authorities. Does the project technical authorities have authorisation that the land is appropriate for sub- Must be Yes 13 project purposes. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….202 Ensure land is appropriate for sub-project purposes and will not invite adverse social, health, Must be Yes 14 environment, safety impacts Verify land is free of squatters, encroachers, or other Must be Yes 15 claims or encumbrances Verification of the voluntary nature of land donations must be obtained from each of the persons donating Must be Yes 16 land. Does the land donors/ tenants have access to and If no, then describe the resons. 17 benefit from this sub-project? C Verify requirements of donation and formalization of donation Verify donation is voluntary and obtain notarized, Must be Yes 18 witnessed statements Obtain verification of voluntary acceptance of community-devised migratory measures from those Must be Yes 19 expected to be adversely affected Ensure titleholder understands they will have equal access to infrastructure built on donated land and Must be Yes 20 cannot claim for priority treatment 21 Ensure grievance redress mechanism is available Must be Yes D Process for Voluntary Donation Record of reasons for land donation Reasons for appropriateness of land donation 22 appropriateness Land use plan (Purpose for which land is being Land use for the project 23 taken) Amount of land required on a permanent and Land requirement plan 24 temporary basis 25 Amount of land to be donated Land donation plan 26 Terms of land donation Land donation agreement 27 Parties intending to donate List of donor parties in the village Beneficiary agreement in favour of PRMSC, Beneficiary of land donation 28 LG&CDD Any details that are relevant to why donation may be Record of reasons for land donation 29 appropriate appropriateness Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….203 E Due diligence on land ownership and use 30 Type of land rights in project area Land rights assessment 31 Specific due diligence on parcel of land for donation Parcel-specific due diligence plan 32 Owner/s of land Owner/s identification Users of land or any occupying parties (Tenants or Users identification 33 leaseholder etc.) 34 Competing claims of ownership or use Claims identification Assets on the proposed land (loss of agriculture, Structures and assets on the land 35 livelihood, assets, loss of economic trees etc.) Encumbrances assessment (Legal/ financial, Encumbrances on the land 36 Loans etc.) F Consultation and Disclosure Consult with land donors and ensure they understand Must be Yes 37 the terms and conditions of the donation 38 Disclose information about the donation process Must be Yes 39 Disclose any potential negative impacts on the owner Must be Yes 40 Informed consent of person donating land Consent Agreement 41 Indicate some of the concerns raised, if any. G Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 42 Disclosure of GRM process and GRC Must be Yes 43 Sharing of helpline for complaints and grievances Must be Yes H Monitoring and documentation 44 Verify any land conflicts or conflicting land titling Must be mentioned and avoided 45 Establish informed consent of person donating land Must be Yes and Documented Inform the owner, what the land is going to be used Must be Yes and Documented 46 for Inform them they will be deprived of the title as well Must be Yes and Documented 47 as any other right to use the land 48 They have the right to refuse to donate the land Must be Yes and Documented 49 Whether there are alternatives to using this land Must be Yes and Documented Information about any other costs involved in the Must be Yes and Documented 50 process which the owner has to pay. Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….204 They will be informed that neither they nor their family members will be able to get the land back after the Must be Yes and Documented 51 mutation. 52 What they will need to do to donate the land; The complete mutation process must be disclosed The intergenerational effect of the donation on their family, what they can do if they (or their family or Must be Yes and Documented 53 heirs) want the land back. The terms and conditions of the land donation must be mutually agreed upon and detailed in a written Must be Yes and Documented 54 agreement. 55 Verify donors provide their informed consent Must be Yes and Documented 56 Establish a grievance redress mechanism Must be Yes and Documented Establish and communicate the grievance redress Must be Yes and Documented 57 mechanism Monitor and document the donation process in Must be Yes and Documented 58 monitoring reports Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….205 Annexure-7B VLD Tracking Matrix Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….206 Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….207 Annexure-8 Sludge Management Plan Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….208 SLUDGE MANAGEMENT PLAN Introduction: An integrated sludge management plan would cover aspects across the value chain of on-site sanitation including safe collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal/reuse of the treated sludge. Objectives of Sludge Management & Treatment Following are the basic objectives of sludge management or treatment • Reducing its Volume • Stabilizing its Organic Materials • Killing off the odor • Ensure it can be reused • Properly digested (Non activated) Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) An Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) technology will be used to treat sewerage water. ABR is an improved septic tank with a series of baffles under which the wastewater is forced to flow. This technology is easily adaptable and can be applied at the household level, in small neighborhoods or even in bigger catchment areas. • Sludge Production Sludge production is an inherent part of the operation of an anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR), as it involves the biological breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms. During the treatment process, organic matter is converted to a Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….209 residual sludge, which consists of biomass, undigested organic matter, and inorganic solids. The amount of sludge produced by an ABR will depend on several factors, including the influent characteristics, hydraulic retention time, and the operating conditions of the reactor. Generally, the longer the hydraulic retention time, the higher the sludge production will be. However, longer retention times may also lead to improved treatment efficiency. It is important to manage the sludge produced by the ABR to prevent excessive accumulation and ensure efficient operation of the system. This may include regular removal of sludge, sludge thickening, digestion, dewatering disposal and monitoring. • Sludge Removal from ABR Sludge removal from an Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) is typically required to maintain efficient operation of the system and prevent excessive accumulation of solids. The frequency of sludge removal will depend on factors such as the influent characteristics, hydraulic retention time, and the design of the ABR. In general, it is recommended that sludge should be removed from the ABR when it reaches a certain accumulation level, which can be determined by monitoring the sludge volume and concentration. A common practice is to remove the sludge volume when it reaches around 50% of the reactor volume. • Sludge Dewatering The digested sludge contains water content ranges from 70% to 95%, with an average of about 85%. This means that the sewerage sludge is relatively wet and contains a significant amount of water. But, even with that moisture content, sludge no longer behaves as a liquid and can be handled as a solid material. Sludge-drying beds provide the simplest method of dewatering. A digested sludge slurry is spread on an open bed of sand and allowed to remain until dry. Drying takes place by a combination of evaporation and gravity drainage through the sand. A piping network built under the sand collects the water, which is pumped back to the head of the plant. After about six weeks of drying, the sludge cake, as it is called, may have a solids Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….210 content of about 40 percent. It can then be removed from the sand with a pitchfork or a front-end loader. In order to reduce drying time in wet or cold weather, a glass enclosure may be built over the sand beds. • Sludge Disposal / Reuse The final destination of treated sewage sludge usually is the land. Dewatered sludge can be buried underground in a sanitary landfill. It also may be spread on agricultural land in order to make use of its value as a soil conditioner and fertilizer after the consent of Village Organization (VO). • Monitoring and Maintenance It is important to regularly monitor the sludge management process to ensure that it is operating effectively and efficiently. This includes monitoring the quality of the sludge and the effectiveness of the treatment processes. Anaerobic Sludge Sludge Baffle Dewatering Disposal Reactor Monitoring Sludge Sludge Generation Removal and Maintanence Sludge Management Plan Flowchart Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….211 Annexure-9 Grievance Redressal Committees All three Tiers Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….212 Grievance Redressal Committee – (Tier- 1) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….213 Grievance Redressal Committee – (Tier- 2) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….214 Grievance Redressal Committee – (Tier- 3) Title of Document Page No. Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) . ………….215