Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Department of Roads Development Corporation Implementation Division (DCID) Babarmahal Kathmandu, Nepal Strategic Road Connectivity and Trade Improvement Project (SRCTIP) FINAL REPORT on Indigenous Peoples Development Plan (IPDP) of Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Submitted by : CEG-CIAS JV JOINT-VENTURE WITH Civil Informatics and Solutions P. Ltd. An ISO 9001:2015 Company, Registered & Corporate Office, Chakupat, Lalitpur, Nepal CEG Tower B-11 (G), Malviya Industrial Area, Jaipur - 302017, Tel: +977-1-5260314 Rajasthan, India, Tel: +91 141 2751801, 802, 803 Fax: 2751806 Fax : +977-1-5260152 e-mail: hqjpr@cegindia.com ; url: www.cegindia.com Email: info@cias.com.np CIN: U74140 RJ 1991 PLC 006329 Web : www.cias.com.np June 2024 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Department of Roads Development Cooperation Implementation Division (DCID) STRATEGIC ROAD CONNECTIVITY AND TRADE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (SRCTIP) Babarmahal Kathmandu, Nepal Final IPDP Report On The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road June, 2024 i The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road ABBREVIATIONS AH Asian Highway AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BOQ Bill -of- Quantity BS Bikram Samvat CDC Compensation Determination Committee CDO Chief District Officer CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DCID Development Cooperation Implementation Division DDC District Development Committee DIA Direct Impact Area DoR Department of Road ESMP Environmental Social Management Plan ESF Environmental and Social Framework ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESS Environmental and Social Standard FGD Focus Group Discussion FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consent GBV Gender Based Violence GESU Geo-Environment and Social Unit GoN Government of Nepal. GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HHs Households HIV Human Immune Deficiency Virus IIA Indirect Impact Area IPDP Indigenous People Development Plan IPs Indigenous Peoples IPPF Indegenious Peoples Palnning Framework KDP Kamala Dhalkebar Pathalaiya KIIs Key Informant Interviews Km Kilometer LEST Livelihood Enhancement Skill Training M &E Monitoring and Evaluation M Municipality NEFIN National Federation of Indigenous Nationalities NFDIN National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities ii The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations PAH Project Affected Households PAPs Project Affected Peoples PIC Project-In-Charge PIU Project Implementation Unit PLI Poverty Line Income PMU Project Management Unit RA Rapid Appraisal RAP Resettlement Action Plan RE Resident Engineer RM Rural Municipality ROW Right -of -Way SDRS Social Development and Resettlement Specialist SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SH Sexual Harassment SLC School Living Certificate SRCTIP Strategic Road Connectivity and Trade Improvement Project STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases VCs Vulnerable Communities Viz Namely WB World Bank iii The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Project Background and Description The Government of Nepal (GoN) has requested financial support from the World Bank (WB) to prepare and implement the Strategic Road Connectivity and Trade Improvement Project (SRCTIP). The KDP Road is part of the Mahendra Highway, the longest highway in Nepal, running across the flat Terai region (lowland that lies south of the outer foothills of the Himalayas). The GoN considers the Mahendra Highway as a strategic corridor and is firmly committed to upgrading the 130 km KDP Road from 2- lane to a 4-lane within the 366-km Kakarbhitta–Pathlaiya (KP) corridor of the Mahendra Highway. The KDP road section passes through the districts of Dhanusa, Mahottari, Sarlahi, Rautahat, and Bara of Province 2. It passes through more than 72 settlements and 11 indigenous communities identified as residing along the 500 meters to 2-kilometer periphery of the KDP project corridors. The road upgrading work may impact the structures of 14 IP households along the roadside within the RoW. The Indigenous People's Development Plan (IPDP) has therefore been prepared in accordance with the provisions of GoN legislation and the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standard (ESS7) under the Strategic Road Connectivity and Trade Improvement Project (SRCTIP). 2. Objectives and Scope of IPDP The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan (IPDP) was prepared based on national policies/strategies specified in the National Foundation for Upliftment of Adivasi/Janajati - Act, 2058 (2002) as well as the World Bank’s ESS 7. The specific objectives of the I PDP are: • To enhance the participation of IPs in project planning, implementation, and monitoring ensuring project activities are culturally acceptable and effective. • To ensure that project benefits are accessible to IP communities living in the project areas in a culturally appropriate way. • To mitigate any potential adverse impacts of the project on IPs. • To develop appropriate training/health camps/income generation activities to enhance their live- lihood and income in accordance with their own defined needs and priorities. 3. Key Impacts on Project-Affected IPs The key project impacts on IPs due to the KDP road project are only at the household level, not at the community level. The KDP road will directly affect the 14 IP households living dispersedly along the road corridor but will not affect an entire IP community. Out of the project-affected 14 IPs households, 12 are from marginalized groups and 2 are from disadvantaged groups. Among these project-affected IPs households, 7 are female-headed households also falling in the vulnerable category. The project- affected 14 IP households will lose both residential structures and businesses (small tea and snack shops), including livelihoods due to KDP road upgrading works. The total 14 project-affected IP households will receive compensation and displacement assistance for their lost structures and business distributions. They will also get livelihood restoration training as pro- visioned in RAP. During the community consultation for IPDP, it is known that some IP households are residing along the road corridor for business purposes; once they receive compensation payments, some of them plan to move into their village, while others still want to run businesses nearby this area. iv The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Besides this, there may be indirect impacts like traffic congestion, influx of migrant laborers, disturbance in local access, damage to access to river and cremation sites, and risks related to GBV/CSEA/SH during the project implementation phase. These risks and issues may also increase pressure on the social and economic life of IP communities. However, the project activities are not expected to cause any adverse impacts to IP land, natural resources, cultural heritage, or cause relocation from land of traditional own- ership or under customary use or occupation by IPs. Therefore, regarding the KDP road project, the scope and consultation are proportionate to the scale of impact and do not require Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC). The project has some positive benefits such as employment opportunities to work on the KDP road project with priority given to IPs, transport-related skill training, income-generating training, and aware- ness-raising training for livelihood restoration. 4. Legal Framework The project needs to comply with the laws, policies, and procedures established by the Government of Nepal (GoN). In addition, the project is also expected to comply with a set of international standards as well as the World Bank ESS 7. This section provides a brief overview of requirements under the appli- cable legal and policy framework which provide guidance for this IPDP. The Constitution of Nepal (2015), National Foundation for Upliftment of Aadibasi/Janjati Act (2002), Local Government Operation Act (2017), Forest Act (1993), and Forest Regulation (1995), and periodic Five-Year Plans have placed significant emphasis on delivering basic services to indigenous people and protection and promotion of their traditional knowledge and cultural heritage. The National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities (NFDIN) Act (2002) is a key policy initiative for the wel- fare and advancement of IPs (Adivasi/Janajati). The Act aims to conserve and develop the social, eco- nomic, and cultural aspects of indigenous peoples and to enhance their equal participation in the main- stream of national development. This IPDP has been prepared based on the National Foundation for Upliftment of Adivasi/Janajati Act (2002) and the World Bank’s ESS 7 of ESF and other norms regarding Indigenous Peoples (IPs). ESS 7 of the WB’s ESF applies to a distinct social and cultural group identified to possess certain character- istics as per ESS 7. IPs may be particularly vulnerable to the loss of, alienation from, or exploitation of their land and access to natural and cultural resources and will require Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC). However, in the KDP road project, assessing against the four criteria under ESS 7, such impacts are not envisaged; the impact is only at the IP households’ level, so FPIC is not required. Consultations, however, will be enhanced commensurate with the scale of impact. 5. Community Consultation Community consultation has been an integral part of the scoping and ESIA preparation stages, as well as the proposed project design, and will be carried out as a continuous process throughout the project cycle. Community and stakeholder consultation during the design and project planning stages are an open and transparent information exchange about the project and means of sharing information about the project objectives and scope. The residing IPs and their organizations were pre-informed of the con- sultation and time through local authority. IPs were consulted in group discussions and meetings to understand and collect their views on needs, priorities, and preferences regarding the project design and implementation. A total of 9 Focus Group Discussions were conducted to prepare IPDP in which a total of 136 (72 males and 64 females) participated in the consultations. The methods adopted for the v The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road consultation with affected parties included individual interviews, group discussions, focus group discus- sions, and key informant interviews. The key issues discussed are included in Annex-I. 6. Development of IPs’ Action Plan Altogether, 14 project-affected Indigenous households were identified in RAP and discussed about 11 Indigenous Communities residing along the 500 meters to 2-kilometer periphery of the KDP in ESIA. The IPDP aims to address project-affected IP households as well as IP communities residing nearby the project area in terms of economic and social opportunities from the project. During the consultations, they requested a few basic enhancements in cultural structures such as Than (the deities’ place), Gumba, and ponds. They also wanted to promote local indigenous products, preserve indigenous knowledge and practices respecting their cultures and values. Additionally, they requested further training to develop products like musical instruments Domphu and Chyabrung as souvenirs of local products through cot- tage industries representing their culture. This plan aims to accommodate these demands through a com- prehensive action plan for IPs or as part of project benefits. Besides this, the improvement of community structures like market sheds (Hat bazar at three locations: Birendra Bazar-243+200, Lalbandi-290+930, and Bagmati-313+320), and access to riverside approach roads for usage as cremation centers and religious activities at Kamala and Bagmati Bridge. As part of inclusive design, three public toilets in Badahari Bazar-Ch. 260+355, Sukha Pokhari-Ch. 267+005 of Hariwon, and Nijgadh Bazar Ch 345+900 need to be constructed with universal access standards. Along with health outreach programs like Eyes Treatment Camps (Ankha Shibir) targeting women and children of the communities in the project area. 7. Implementation Arrangement of IPDP 8. The Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport (MoPIT) is the Executing Agency (EA), and the Development Cooperation Implementation Division (DCID) under the Department of Roads (DoR) will be responsible for the overall planning, budgeting, approval, and overseeing the implementation of IPDP with the help of a Social Development Specialist at PCU. The Pro- ject Office headed by a Project In-Charge (PIC) established at the project level will support IPDP implementation with the help of a Social Development Specialist of CSC. The contractor will be responsible for coordination and effective implementation of IPDP with the assistance of safe- guard persons coordinating with the Social Development Specialist at PCU and CSC. The Geo- Environment and Social Unit (DoR-GESU) is responsible for compliance monitoring of IPDP implementation. The Brief Description on Socio-economic Baseline and Ethnography This project road starts at the Kamala River in the east and ends at Pathlaiya in the west. Out of a total of 858 baseline surveyed households, 222 (24.4%) households were found to be indigenous groups (Janjati) along the project section. They were followed by caste groups: Brahmin (19.7%), Chhetri (13.5%), Dalits (16.5%), Madhesi/Terai Castes (24.5%), and Muslims (1.3%). Out of the 222 Janjati or IPs groups residing along the Direct Impact Area, were Magar, Tamang, Tharu, Rai, Limbu, Gurung, Gharti/Bhujel, Sunuwar, Newar, Bote/Majhi, and Danuwar. In addition to that, 14 project-affected IPs households will be directly impacted by the project. They are categorized as Janjati or Indigenous Peo- ples by the National Foundation for Upliftment of Aadibasi/Janajati Act (2002) and also fulfill the def- inition of IPs by the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standard (ESS7). vi The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The proposed project areas are culturally and ethnically diverse and rich in cultural heritage. The 11 IPs groups like Tamang, Magar, Newar, Bhujel/Gharti, Tharu/Chaudhary, Rai, Gurung, Bote/Majhi, Limbu, Sunuwar, and Danuwar are found living in and around the proposed road corridor after the construction of the East-West Highway since 1962. However, IPs like Tharu, Bote, and Majhi, who are the ancient inhabitants of that locality, whereas some IPs communities Rai, Gurung, Tamang, Magar, Newar, and Bhujel/Gharti, have migrated from the hillside of Nepal. These IPs groups do not come under a single socio-economic level or category, and there exist numbers of socio-economic disparities among them. For example, Majhi/Bote and Dunuwar are ‘highly marginalized’, Tamang are categorized as ‘margin- alized’, Magar categorized as ‘disadvantaged’, and Newar is categorized as ‘advanced’ groups (NEFIN, 2004). The Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) classified 59 IPs groups recognized by the government into five categories as Endangered (10), Highly Marginalized (12), Marginalized (20), Disadvantaged (15), and Advanced (2). The literacy and education, income, wealth, land holding, and ownership of other assets have been found differently among the surveyed IPs groups. However, the average literacy rate among the surveyed households is 92%, which is higher than the national av- erage of 76.2%. 9. Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting The PCU-DCID safeguards experts and social development specialists of the supervision consultant will be responsible for internal monitoring, thereby ensuring timely implementation of IPDP-based activities by overseeing and supervising the target beneficiaries and activities being implemented and providing on-the-spot feedback. Social Development Specialist of Supervision Consultant will be responsible for monitoring the IPDP activities and submit monthly progress reports to DCID. The evaluation of the plan and reporting will also be carried out at mid-term and at the end of the project. Each type of evaluation works, and reporting will be followed by the safeguard expert. Both mid-term and end-term evaluation reports will be prepared and submitted to the PCU-DCID by the CSC safeguards expert. DOR-DCID will submit the progress report of IPDP implementation to WB with the help of Social Development Specialist. Internal monitoring will concentrate on indicators, such as the number of families affected, compensation and assistance received, and other benefits and opportunities accessed from the project. The internal monitoring and evaluation (must be simultaneously conducted with the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)). 10. Grievance Redress Mechanism The Land Acquisition Act, 1977, has provisions by which any person unsatisfied with the decision of acquiring their land & assets can appeal to the Ministry of Home Affairs within 7 days of the publication of the land & assets acquisition notice. The act also allows that unsatisfied land & asset loser to appeal to the district court within 35 days of the decision date of land & asset acquisition. This process, how- ever, may be bureaucratic and slow at grievance resolution. Hence, consistent with the project Stake- holder Engagement Plan, a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been established to allow project- affected persons (PAPs), including IPs, to raise their concerns about the IPDP and any project-related concerns. The GRM will be readily accessible to address complaints promptly and in a culturally appro- priate manner and at no cost to complainants. It will guarantee anonymity with no retribution for people vii The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road who lodge complaints on project activities. Furthermore, the grievance mechanism will not impede ac- cess to judicial and administrative remedies. However, efforts will be made to effectively address griev- ances before resorting to judicial processes or they escalate into larger disputes. A two-tiered grievance redress committee will be formed - one at the project level and next at the central (DoR-DCID) level - to address project-related grievances, including incoming grievances from IPs about the project in general and the IPDP related in particular. All grievances from IPs and local communities related to the project, including IPDP issues, will be referred to the Project Level Grievances Redress Mechanism (GRM). The project Level GRM consists of a Project Level Grievance Redress Committee (GRC). The first layer is called the Local Grievance Committee (also referred to as the Project Level Grievance Committee) consists of the Project In-Charge (PIC), Social Safeguard Specialist from CSC, Construction Contractor representatives, representatives of of the Project Affected People or Indigenous People and representatives of Ward/Municipality au- thorities. The project-level GRC will review all recorded grievances at the project site, screen and analyze the grievances laid by PIC Chair of GRC). The GRC will initiate a hearing process to resolve the incoming grievance at the site level and inform the decision accordingly to the complainants. If the grievance fails to settle at the project level GRC, then the project Level GRM will forward the grievance to the central level GRM with recommendations for further action to Central Level Grievances Redress Committee (GRC). The central level GRC will take a decision and inform the complaining party. 11. Budget and Financing of IPDP The estimated cost for IPDP is an integral part of the project cost (included in BoQ) and laid by contrac- tor close coordination with project (PIC office) and CSC. The estimated cost for the implementation of the IPDP for health outreach program-Eye Checking Camp for IP communities, training for musical instruments development like Chabrung and Damphu to the Tamang community, Orientation programs on school drop-out issues in students of Majhi community in Nijgadh-7, and Installation of hoarding boards, with a message to promote local/indigenous products with radio jingle, is NRs. 2,185,000. Some other physical infrastructures development like Hat Bazar improvement, Construction/maintenance of public toilets as proposed in the report as part of IPDP and project cost that is also included in BOQ items with a separate heading. viii The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road आदिवाशी/जनजाती दवकास योजना काययकारी साराांश १. आयोजनाको पृष्ठभुदि र दववरण नेपाल सरकारद्वारा बिश्व िैंकको आबथिक सहायतामा नेपाल रणनीबतक सडक संजाल तथा व्यापार प्रिर्िन आयोजना (एस.आर.बस. बि.आइ.पी.) तजजिमा र कायािन्वयन गनि अनजरोर् गरे अनजरुपका बियाकलाप मध्ये हालको कमला-ढल्क े िर- पथलैया (के बडपी) सडक खण्ड जजन महेन्द्र राजमागि जजन सिैभन्दा लामो राजमागि समतल तराई एवं चजरे-भावर प्रदे शको काखमा रहेको छ | नेपाल सरकारले महेन्द्र राजमागिलाई अत्यन्त महत्वपूणि रणनीबतक सडक रहेको स्वीकादै ३६६ बक.बम. काकडबभट्टा- पथलैया खण्ड अन्तगितको १३० बक.बम. क े .डी.पी. सडक खण्डलाई हालको २ लेन िाि ४ लेनमा बवकासगने दृढता जनाएकोछ | यो कमला- े िर- पथलैया सडक खण्ड मर्ेश प्रदे श अन्तगितका बसरहा, र्नजषा, महोत्तरी, सलािही, रौतहिर र िारा बजल्ला अन्तगितका ढल्क ७२ भन्दा िढी िस्तीका ११ आबदवाशी-जनजाबतहरु जो ५०० बमिर दे खख २ बकलोबमिर आसपास बभत्र िसोिास गरे का पाइन्छन | यस सडक सजर्ार आयोजनाले सडक अबर्कार क्षेत्र बभत्र िसेका १४ जनजाबत घरर्जरीका संरचनालाई बिस्थाबपत गनेछ . आबदवाशी जनजाती बिकास योजना, नेपाल रणनीबतक सडक संजाल तथा व्यापार प्रिर्िन आयोजना (एस.आर.बस. बि.आइ. पी.) अन्तगित नेपाल सरकारको नीबत, बनयम साथै बवश्व िैंकको वातावरण तथा सामाबजक मापदण्ड (ईएसएस ७) को आर्ारमा जनजाबत समजदायलाई आयोजनाले पाने प्रभावको सम्बोर्न गनि गररएको हो | २. आदिवाशी/जनजाती दवकास योजनाका उद्दे श्यहरु यो आबदवाशी-जनजाती बवकास योजना आबदवासी जनजाबत उत्थान राबरिय प्रबतष्ठानको एन, २०५८ को नीबत/रणबनबत साथै बवश्व िैंकको वातावरणीय तथा सामाबजक रुपरे खा एवं वातावरणीय तथा सामाबजक मापदण्ड-७ (ईएसएस-७) अनजरुप तयार गररएको छ | यसका बवबशर उद्दे श्यहरु दे हाय िमोबजम रहेकाछन; १) आयोजना तजजिमा, कायािन्वयन र अनजगमनमा आबदिाशी/जनजाबतको स्वीकायि एवं प्रभािकारी ढं गले सहभाबगता अबभिृबद गनजि २) आयोजनाको आसपास िसोिास गने आबदिाशी/जनजाबतलाई आयोजनाको लाभ माबथको पहुँच उनीहरुको उपयजक्त सांस्क ि त सजबनबित गनजि ३) ृ बतक पद्धबत मार् आबदिाशी/जनजाबतहरुमा पनि जाने संभाबवत प्रबतक ू ल प्रभावलाई बनषेर् वा न्यूबनकरण गने ४) आबदिासी/जनजाबतहरुको बजबवकोपाजिनमा सजर्ार ल्याउन उपयजक्त ताबलम, स्वास्थ्य बशबवर तथा आय आजिन सम्बखि बियाकलापहरु उनीहरुको आवश्यकता र प्राथबमकताको आर्ारमा तजजिमा गनजि | ३. आदिवाशी/जनजादतिा पने आयोजनाको िुख्य प्रभाव यस कमला-ढल्क े वर-पथलैया सडक आयोजनाले सडक आबर्कार क्षेत्र बभत्र िस्ने १४ आबदवाशी-जनजाती घरर्जरीलाई प्रत्यक्ष असर पनेछ न बक यस भन्दा िाबहर रहेका सिै समजदायलाई | यी १४ पररवार मध्येमा ७ घरर्जरी मबहला रहेको दे खखन्छ भने १२ घरर्जरी बसमान्तकृ त, २ पररवार बवपन्न घरर्जरी अन्तगित पदि छन | आयोजना प्रभाबवत पररवारमध्ये ७ जना मबहला घरमजली बवपन्न पररवार अन्तगित पदि छन | यस सडक सजर्ार आयोजनाले उनीहरुको िसोिास गने घरको साथै सानोबतनो बचया तथा खाजा सम्बखि व्यापार एवं बजबवकोपाजंन समेतमा असर पनेछ | आयोजनाले प्रभाव पाने घर पररवारले प्रभाबवत संरचना र व्यापार- व्यावसायको क्षबतपूबति तथा बवस्थापन भत्ता पाउनेछन् | पजनवािस योजनामा व्यवस्था गरे अनजसार पजनस्थािपन ताबलम पबन पाउनेछन “ समजह छलर्ल िाि जानकारी भए अनजसार मजआब्जा पाएका मध्ये क े बह उनीहरुको आफ्नो गाउुँ र्क ि नेछन भने के बह सडकको पछाडी सरे र व्यापार गनेछन “ यस िाहेक, यस आयोजनाले अप्रत्यक्ष रुपमा आवागमनमा कबिनाई, िाह्य कामदारको उपखस्थबतिाि हने प्रभाव, लैंबगक बहंसा आबद आसपासका समजदायमाबथ आयोजना कायािन्वयन चरणमा पनेछ . यस्ता सवालहरुले आबदवासी/जनजाबत समजदायको सामाबजक तथा आबथिक जीवनमा समेत प्रभाव पने दे खखन्छ . यसरी आयोजनाले अप्रत्यक्ष रुपमा के बह असर पाने दे खीए पबन उनीहरुको जग्गा, प्राक ृ बतक संपदा एवं क ृ बतक श्रोत, सांस्क ज नै पबन प्राकृ बतक ix The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road श्रोतमाबथको उनीहरुको परम्परागत स्वाबमत्व र पेशामा भने कज नैपबन असर पने छै न . त्यसैले कमला-ढल्क े िर-पथलैया आयोजनािाि जनजाती समजदायमा पने प्रभावको सापेक्षमा अध्ययन गदाि पजवि जानकारी र सहमबत बलईरहनज पने दे खखदै न . यस सडक आयोजनाका क े बह सकारात्मक र्ाइदाहरु मध्ये जनजाबतलाई रोजगारीको अवसर, यातायातसंग सम्बखित बसप मजलक ताबलम, आय-आजिन सम्बखि ताबलम, जागरण सम्बखि ताबलम साथै जीबवकोपाजिन पजनस्थािपन सम्बखि ताबलम आबदले आबदवाशी-जनजाती समजदाय बिशेष लाभाखन्वत हनेछन . ४. कानूनी व्यवस्था खाका आबदवाशी/जनजाती समजदायको हक अबर्कार सजबनबित गनि थजप्रै कानूनी आर्ारहरु रहेकाछन् . नेपालको संबवर्ान, नेपाल आबदवाशी/जनजाती उत्थान तथा प्रिर्िन ऐन २००२, स्थानीय सरकार संचालन ऐन २०१७, वन ऐन १९९३, वन बनयामावली १९९५, ृ बतक सम्पदाको संरक्षणको लाबग महत्वपूणि आर्ार र आवबर्क पन्च िबषिय योजनाले आबदिाशी/जनजाती तथा उनीहरुको सांस्क तय गरे को छ . नेपाल आबदवाशी/जनजाती उत्थान तथा प्रिर्िन ऐन, २००२ मजख्य रुपमा आबदिाशी/जनजाती समजदायको उत्थान तथा प्रिर्िनको लागी बनदे बशत छ . यसको मजख्य उद्दे श्य आबदिाशी/जनजातीको सामाबजक, आबथिक तथा साुँस्कृ बतक पक्षको जगेनाि गने र त्यसलाई रार्को मजलर्ारमा ल्याउनज रहेको हो . यस आबदवाशी/जनजाती बवकास योजना नेपाल आबदवाशी जनजाती उत्थान तथा प्रिर्िन ऐन २००२ लगायत नेपाल सरकारको प्रचबलत कानून र बवश्व िैंकको वातावरणीय तथा सामाबजक ढाुँचा (ई.एस.एर्.) र वातावरणीय तथा सामाबजक मापदण्ड ( ईएसएस-७ ) अनजसार तयार गररएको छ . ५. सिुिायसांग छलफल समजदायसंग छलर्ल क्षेत्र बनर्ािरण, वातावरण तथा सामाबजक प्रभाव मजल्यांकन अध्ययनका साथै प्रस्ताबवत आयोजना बडजाइन, कायािन्वयन र संचालन चरण सम्म एक बनरन्तर प्रबिया हो . समजदाय तथा सरोकारवालाहरु िीच बडजाइन र योजना बनमािण चरणमा आयोजना संग सम्बखित सजचनाहरु खजला रुपमा आदन प्रदान गनि गररने छलर्ल यसका उदे श्य र दायराका िारे जानकारी गराउने उद्धे श्यले गररएका हन्छन . स्थानीय बनकायका पदाबर्कारीहरुको सहयोगमा आबदिाशी जनजाबत प्रबतबनबर् र बतनका सम्बखित संस्थालाई पजवि जानकारी बदएर उनीहरुको अनजक ज ल समयमा छलर्ल कायििम गररएको बथयो | समजह छलर्लमा उनीहरुका आवश्यकता, प्राथबमकता, आयोजना बडजाइन र कायििम िारे जानकारी गने उद्येश्यले गरीएको बथयो . यसकालागी जम्मा ९ विा छलर्ल कायििम गररएको बथयो . छलर्लका लाबग आयोजना प्रभाबवत मध्ये समजह छलर्ल साथै जाबनर्कार संगको अन्तवािताि बवबर्को प्रयोग गररएको बथयो . छलर्ल गररएका मजख्य सवालहरु अनजसूची-१ मा बदईएकाछन् . ६. आदिवासी/जनजाती दवकास कायय योजना यस आबदवासी/जनजाती बवकास कायि योजना बनमािणमा आयोजनािाि प्रभाबवत १४ आबदिाशी जनजाती घरर्जरी साथै ११ जनजाती समजदाय आयोजनाको ५०० बम. दे खख २ बकलोमीिर सम्मको स्थानमा िसोिास गने गरे को पाइन्छ . यस आबदवासी/जनजाती बवकास कायि योजनाको उद्धे श्य भनेको प्रभाबवत घरर्जरीको पजनवािस सम्बखिको चजनौतीको सम्बोर्न गनजि र सामाबजक तथा आबथिक अवसरहरुमा पहुँच िृबद गनजि रहेको छ | छलर्लका िममा उनीहरुले क े बह भौबतक पूवािर्ार सम्बखि संरचना जस्तै: पाहना घर, थान, हाि िजार lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkg ;DalGw dfu u/]sf छन\ . यसका अलावा, उनीहरुn] ृ बतक मजल्य मान्यताको संरक्षण गनि] रहेको छ . साथै, स्थानीय उत्पादनको प्रििर्न, आबदवाशीका ज्ञान, बसपको प्रयोग तथा साुँस्क ज , च्याब्रजङ्ग आबद कोशेली सामाग्रीहरुको उत्पादन र बिकास समेत रहेका छन . सांगीबतक िाध्य िादनका सामग्रीहरु जस्तै डम्र् यस िाहेक सामजदाबयक संरचवनाहरु जस्तै; हाि िजार िहराहरु ( बिरे व्न्द्न्द्र िजार, लालिन्दी र िागमती) रहेकाछन . नदी बकनारका पुँहच मागि (कमला र िागमती) जहाुँ मसानघाि तथा र्ाबमिक प्रयोजनका िेला प्रयोग गनि आवश्यक माबनन्छ . साविजबनक शौचालय (िढहरी िजार, सजखा पोखरी र बनजगढमा गरी ३ स्थानमा चपी बनमािण साथै समजदायका मबहला तथा िालिाबलकाहरुको लाबग आुँ खा उपचार बशबवर संचालन गने रहेका छन . x The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road ७. आदिवाशी/जनजाती दवकास योजना कायायन्वयन तथा व्यवस्थापन के खन्द्रय स्तरमा यस आयोजना कायिन्वयन व्यवस्थापनको लागी भौबतक योजना तथा बनमािण मन्त्रालय कायिकारी बनकाय हनेछ र सडक बवभागको बवकास सहायता कायािन्वयन महाशाखा (डी.सी.आइ.डी.) ले आयोजनाको योजना तजजिमा कायािन्वयन तथा समन्वयको सम्पजणि कामका लाबग बजम्मेिार हनेछ . आयोजना समन्वय शाखा (पी.सी.यज.) आयोजना सम्बखि समन्वय गने, योजना तयार गने, िजेबिं ग गने, स्वीक ृ बत गने र सम्पूणि सेर्गाडि प्लान र यस आबदवासी जनजाती बवकास योजना कायािन्वयन गनि पूणिरुपमा बजम्मेिार हनेछ . स्थानीय आयोजना कायािलयले आबदवासी/जनजाती बवकास योजना कायािन्वयनको बजम्मेवारी िहन ि िाि सामाबजक बवकास तथा आबदवासी/जनजाती बवशेषज्ञ र सामाबजक गनेछ र सो कायिकोलागी परामशिदाताको तर् पररचालकले सडक बवभाग अन्तगित, बवकास सहायता कायािन्वयन महाशाखाले भू-वातावरण तथा सामाबजक बवकास शाखा तथा आबदवासी जनजाती बवशेषज्ञसंग सामान्जस्य गरर आबदवाशी/जनजाती बवकास योजना कायािन्वयन गनजिपने छ . आबदवाशी जनजाती बवकास योजना कायािन्वयनमा वहन गनजि पने सम्पजणि दाबयत्व आयोजना प्रमजखले िहन गनेछन . यी सिै बियाकलापहरु आयोजना संचालन अगाडी गररनेछ | ७. सांदिप्त सािादजक आदथयक अवस्था र इथ्नोग्रादफक दववरण यो सडक आयोजना पूविमा कमला नदी दे खख शजरु भएर पबिममा पथलैयामा समाप्त हन्छ . ८५८ घरर्जरी आर्ार रे खा सभेक्षणको आर्ारमा, आयोजनाको प्रत्यक्ष प्रभाव क्षेत्रमा २२२ (२४.४%) घरर्जरी आबदिासी जनजाती पदि छन जसमा ब्राह्मण (१९.७%), क्षेत्री (१३.५%), आबदवाशी/जनजाती (२४.४%), दबलत (१६.५%), मर्ेसी/तराई जातीहरु (२४.५%) र मजखिम (१.३%) रहेको पाईन्छ . आबदवाशी/जनजाती मध्येका २४.४% अन्तगित, मगर, तामांग, थारु, राई, घबति/भजजेल, गजरुङ, सजनजवार र नेवार रहेकाछन | यसका अलावा आयोजनािाि १४ आबदवासी/जनजाती घरर्जरी प्रत्यक्ष रुपमा प्रभाबवत हनेछन जजन आबदिाशी/जनजाबत उत्थान राबरिय प्रबतष्ठान ऐन -२०५८ को िबगिकरण साथै बवश्व िैंकको वातावरण तथा सामाबजक मापदण्ड ७ समेतको आर्ारमा गररएको छ . उक्त आयोजना वररपरी बवशेष गरे र ११ जनजाती समजदायहरु जस्तै तामाङ, मगर, भजजेल, नेवार, राई, सजनजवार, गजरुङको िसोिास रहेको पाइन्छ जो सन १९६२ भन्दा पछी पजवि-पबिम राजमागि िनेपबछ िसोिास गरे का पाइन्छन भने थारु, िोिे , माबि यहाुँका आबदम िसोिासी सताखिओं दे खख िसोिास गरी आएका पाइन्छन . यी आबदवाशी जनजाती समजदाय एउिै सामाबजक, आबथिक अवस्थाको नभएर बवबभन्न सामाबजक आबथिक अिस्थामा रहेको पाइन्छ जस्तै िोिे /मािी तथा दनजवार उत्पीबडत अबत बसमान्तक ृ त वगिमा पदि छन भने तामांग भजजेल बसमान्तकृ त बवपन्न समजहमा पदि छन . मगर र गजरुङ बवपन्न समजहमा र नेवार सक्षम जनजाती समजह अन्तगित पदि छ . ८. अनुगिन, िूल्ाांकन तथा प्रदतवेिन आबदवाशी/जनजाती बवकास योजना कायािन्वयनको लाबग आन्तररक मूल्याुँकन, सजपररवेक्षण गने कायि, आयोजना समन्वय एकाईका (पी.सी.यज.) सामाबजक तथा आबदवासी/जनजाबत बवशेषज्ञ बवज्ञको बजम्मेवारी रहनेछ . योजनाको िाह्य अनजगमन परामशि सेवा दातािाि िाबषिक रुपमा गररनेछ भने िाह्य परामशिदाता िाि नै योजना अिबर्को मध्य र अखन्तम समयमा मूल्यांकन गररनेछ . हरे क प्रकारका अनजगमन र मूल्यांकन िेग्ला िेग्लै प्रबतवेदनहरु तयार पाररने छन् . परामशि सेवा दाताका सामाबजक बवकास तथा आबदवाशी/जनजाती बवशेषज्ञले आबदवाशी/जनजाती बवकास योजना कायािन्वयन वारे माबसक रुपमा आन्तररक अनजगमनका प्रबतवेदन तयार परर सडक बिभाग अन्तगित आयोजना समन्वय एकाई (पी सी यज) मा पेश गनेछन भने सडक बिभाग अन्तगित आयोजना आयोजना समन्वय एकाई (पीसीयज) को सामाबजक तथा आबदवाशी/जनजाती बिज्ञको सहयोगमा चौमाबसक रुपमा बिश्व िैंकलाई आबदवाशी/जनजाती योजना सम्बखि प्रबतवेदन पेश गनेछ . आन्तररक मूल्यांकन सजचकमा क े खन्द्रत हनेछ जसमा प्रभाबवत पररवार संख्या, मजआब्जा तथा अन्य सहायता प्राप्त गरे नगरे को साथै अव्न्द्राव्न्द्र माबथको पहुँचको मूल्यांकन गररने छ | आन्तररक अनजगमन तथा मूल्यांकन पजनवािस योजना कायािन्वयन संगै गररनेछ | ९. गुनासो सुनुवाई सम्बन्धि सांयन्त्र xi The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road जग्गा प्राखप्त ऐन, २०३४ को प्रावर्ान अनजसार यदी कज नै व्यखक्त जग्गा अबर्ग्रहण सम्बखि बचत्त निजिेमा सो को सजचना बनखस्कएको ७ बदन बभत्र गह मन्त्रालयमा बनवेदन बदन सक्नेछन . यस ऐनको व्यवस्था अनजसार आयोजनािाि प्रभाि पने पक्षलाई ३५ बदन बभत्र अदालतमा उजजरी बदन सक्ने अबर्कार प्रदान गरे को छ . आयोजनाको पजनवािस योजना प्रारूप र सरोकारवाला आिद्ध योजना अनजसार गजनासो सजनजवाई सम्वखि संयन्त्रको बनमािण र त्यसमा जनजाती लगायत आयोजना प्रभाबवत व्यखक्तहरु समावेस गररनेछ . यसले दज ई तहको गजनासो सजनजवाई संयन्त्र हनेछ एउिा आयोजना तहमा र अको क े खन्द्रय तहमा जसमा आयोजनाका गजनासी हरुको सामान्यतया र जनजाबतहरुको बवशेष रुपले सम्बोर्न गररन्छ . आयोजना तहमा आयोजना तहको गजनासो समार्ान सबमबत रहन्छ जसमा आयोजना प्रमजख, बनमािण व्यवसायीका प्रबतबनबर्, आयोजनाका वातावरण तथा सामाबजक बवशेषज्ञ र स्थानीय वाडि तथा नगरपाबलकाका प्रबतबनबर् रहन्छन भने के न्द्रमा के खन्द्रय तहको गजनासो सजनजवाई सबमबत रहनेछ . आयोजना तहको गजनासो बनदान सबमबतले आयोजना तहका सिै गजनासाहरुलाई आयोजना स्थलमा जांच गने, क े लाउने र खिश्लेष्ण गने अबर्कार राख्दछ . गजनासो बनदान सबमबतले सजनजवाई प्रबिया गरी गजनासोकताि लाई जानकारी गराउछ . यदी गजनासो समार्ान गनि नसक े मा के खन्द्रय तहमा आफ्ना सजिाव सबहत पिाउनेछ . के खन्द्रय तहको गजनासो सजनजवाई सबमबतले आवश्यक बनणिय बलई गजनासो कतािलाई जानकारी गराउनेछ . १०. आदिवाशी/जनजाती दवकास योजना लागत एवां आदथयक योजना आबदवाशी/जनजाती बवकास योजनाकोलाबग आवश्यक रकम सडक बवभागको आयोजना कायािलय (पी.आइ.बस.) मार् ित गररनेछ . आबदवाशी/जनजाती बवकास योजनाकोलाबग आुँ खा बशबिर, सचेतना सम्बखि ताबलम, होबडं ग िोडि जडान गने काममा अनजमाबनत लागत रु. २,१८५,००० प्रश्ताव गररएको छ . आबदवाशी/जनजाती बवकास योजना अन्तगित के बह भौबतक पूवािर्ार बवकास जस्तै हाि िजारको सजर्ार, साविजबनक शौचालय बनमािण तथा ममित जजन आबदवासी जनजाबत बवकास योजनाको ररपोिि मा उल्लेख भएकाछन त्यसकोलाबग आवश्यक पने रकम बि.ओ.क्यू. अन्तगित अक ै बशषिकमा राखखएकोछ . xii The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................... ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. iv CHAPTER-1: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................... 1 1 Project Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project Description ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Project affected IPs Households ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2 IPs Communities in Nepal................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Objectives and Scope of IPDP........................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER-2: SUMMARY OF PROJECT IMPACT ..................................................................... 6 2.1 Targeted Social Assessments ............................................................................................................ 6 CHAPTER-3: LEGAL POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS .................................. 8 3.1 National and International Laws and Policies .................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER-4: COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS ................................................................................ 9 CHAPTER-5: DESCRIPTION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE AND ETHNOGRAPHY .......... 11 5.2 Cultural Heritage ............................................................................................................................ 17 CHAPTER-6: DEVELOPMENT of IP’s ACTION PLAN ............................................................ 18 6.2 Organizing of the Eye Treatment Camps ......................................................................................... 20 6.3 Trainings for Production and Marketing of local Products ............................................................... 21 6.4 Action Plan for IPDP Implementation ............................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER-7: ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK AND COST ............................................... 1 7.1 Central Level Arrangement ............................................................................................................... 1 7.2 Project Level Arrangement ............................................................................................................... 1 7.3 Cost estimation for IPDP Implementation ......................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER-8: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................... 3 8.1 Objectives of GRM ................................................................................................................ 3 8.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................................................. 3 8. 3 The Grievance Procedure.................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 1: SRCTIP- Grievance Procedur .......................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER-9: MONITORING AND EVALUATION MECHANISM ........................................... 5 9.1 Internal Monitoring ........................................................................................................................... 5 9.2 External Monitoring .......................................................................................................................... 6 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road 9.2 Monitoring Mechanism ..................................................................................................................... 8 9.3 Evaluation Mechanism ...................................................................................................................... 8 Annex-1: FGD Consultation Matrix (Also the translation of the meeting minutes as below) ........ 8 Annex- 2: FGD Consultation Meeting Minutes.............................................................................. 16 Annex-3: Photographs of the FGD Meetings ................................................................................. 33 Annex- 4: FGD Checklist ................................................................................................................ 36 Annex-5: Grievance Log Form and Close-Out Template (Both) .................................................. 41 List of Tables Table 0.1 Classification of IPs by NEFIN ............................................................................................................ 2 Table 0.2 Project Affected Indigenous HHs ......................................................................................................... 3 Table 0.3 Classification of Adivasi/Janajaties in Nepal......................................................................................... 5 Table 6.0.1 Proposed Public Service Infrastructures under IPDP ........................................................................ 19 Table 6.0.2: Detailed of the cost of Eye Treatment Camp ................................................................................... 20 Table 6.0.3: Detail Cost for the Proposed Activities ........................................................................................... 21 Table 7.0.1: Summary of Estimated Cost for IPDP ............................................................................................... 2 Table 9.0.1: Internal Monitoring indicators with Framework ................................................................................ 5 Table 9.0.2 External Monitoring indicators with Framework ................................................................................ 6 i The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road CHAPTER-1: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 Project Background The Government of Nepal (GoN) has requested financial support from the World Bank (WB) to prepare and implement the Strategic Road Connectivity and Trade Improvement Project (SRCTIP). Among other activities, the proposed project will support the upgrading of the 130 km Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) road and will include periodic maintenance within the Strategic Road Network (SRN). The KDP road forms a part of the Ma- hendra Highway, the longest highway in Nepal, traversing through the flat Terai region, south of the outer foot- hills of the Himalayas. The GoN considers the Mahendra Highway a strategic corridor and is committed to up- grading the 130 km KDP Road from a 2-lane to a 4-lane configuration within the 366-km Kakarbhitta–Pathlaiya (KP) corridor of the Mahendra Highway. The KDP road section passes through districts such as Dhanusha, Ma- hottari, Sarlahi, Rautahat, and Bara of Province 2. 1.1 Project Description The KDP road section is situated in the middle-eastern part of the East-West Highway of Nepal. This section of the project road starts on the east bank of the Kamala River and extends to Pathlaiya Junction in the west. The project area further extends to touch Karjanha Rural Municipality in Siraha district to the east of the Kamala River. Other municipalities along the route include Ganeshman Charnath, Dhanushadham, Mithilain in Dhanusha district, Bardibas, Gaushala in Mahottari district, Ishworpur, Lalbandi, Hariwon, Bagmati in Sarlahi district, and Brindaban, Chandrapur, Gujara in Rautahat district. Additionally, Nijgadh, Kohlbi, and Jitpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City in Bara district fall within the project alignment section. Various caste groups populate this project section, as outlined in the baseline report, including Brahmin (19.7%), Chhetri (13.5%), Janajati (24.4%), Dalits (16.5%), Madhesi/Terai Castes (24.5%), and Muslims (1.3%). Figure 1: Location Map of KDP project 1 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The rationale for the Indigenous Peoples' Development Plan (IPDP) is informed by the findings and recommendations of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). The IPDP was devel- oped concurrently with the ESIA preparation as outlined in the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Infrastructure Project Framework (IPPF). This plan has been formulated in accordance with the provi- sions of Government of Nepal (GoN) legislation and the World Bank's Environmental and Social Stand- ard (ESS7) to assess the impacts of the KDP road expansion project on Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and to propose appropriate measures to mitigate these impacts. Within the Direct Impact Area (DIA) of the project, 24.4% of the population comprises Indigenous Peoples, specifically belonging to 11 distinct groups recognized as Aadibashi/Janajati by the National Foundation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) and in accordance with the World Bank's ESS7. Ac- cording to NEFIN's classification, IPs in the project area are categorized into Highly Marginalized groups such as Bote/Majhi and Danuwar, Marginalized groups including Tharu/Chaudhary, Tamang, and Bhujel/Gharti, and Disadvantaged groups like Gurung, Magar, Rai, Limbu, and Sunuwar, while Newar are considered an advanced group based on caste/ethnic composition. Among these 11 indige- nous communities identified, Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted specifically with 6 communities: Bote/Majhi, Danuwar, Magar, Tamang, Bhujel/Gharti, and Rai. The Tamang, Magar, Bote, and Majhi communities reside approximately 500 meters away from the KDP road alignment, whereas Gurung, Tharu, Bhujel/Gharti, Rai, Limbu, Danuwar, and Newar com- munities are situated directly along the KDP road alignment. According to the household survey con- ducted, endangered categories of indigenous peoples were not found within the KDP road corridor. The Indigenous Peoples identified in the project area predominantly belong to the highly marginalized, mar- ginalized, and advanced categories. Out of the 858 households surveyed, 222 households comprising 1,205 individuals belonged to the IPs category. Specifically, one household with six persons was re- ported as belonging to the highly marginalized category (Danuwar) among the surveyed households. Additionally, 117 households comprising 651 individuals were categorized as marginalized IPs, while 45 households comprising 235 individuals were classified as disadvantaged IPs in the project area, in- cluding Gurung, Magar, Rai, and Limbu as detailed in Table 1.1. TABLE 1.1: CLASSIFICATION OF IPS BY NEFIN & IP GROUPS PRESENT IN KDP BY THEIR HHS & POPULA- TION Popu- SN Classification of IPs by NEFIN2 IPs KDP HHs lation Endangered-10 (Bankariya, Hayu, Kisan, Kusbadiya, 1 -- -- -- Kusunda, Lepcha, Meche, Raji, Raute, Surel) 2 This category was proposed in 2004 by the Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN), which is an umbrella organization of the 59 indigenous nationalities or peoples, recognized by the government of Nepal. Later on, this category has been acceptable for all entities and commonly used in government douments. But it is not defined by any National law including NEFDIN Act - 2002 2 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Popu- SN Classification of IPs by NEFIN2 IPs KDP HHs lation Highly Marginalized-12 (Bote, Baramu, Chepang, Danuwar, 2 Dhanuk, Jhagar, Majhi, Santhal, Shiyar, Shingsawa, Thami, Danuwar, 1 6 Thudam) Marginalized-20 Bhote, Bhujel, Darai, Dhimal, Dolpo, Dura, Tharu, Bhujel, 3 Gangai, Kumal, Larke, Lhopa, Mugal, Pahari, Phree, Rajbansi, Gharti, Ta- 117 651 Sunuwar, Tajpuriya, Tamang, Tharu, Topkegola, Walung mang, Sunwar Disadvantaged-15 (Baragaule Thakali, Byansi, Chhantyal, Gurung, 4 Chhairotan, Gurung, Jirel, Limbu, Magar, Marphali Thakali, Magar, Rai, 45 235 Rai, Sherpa, Tangbe, Tingaule Thakali, Yakkha, Yolmo) Limbu 5 Advanced-2 (Thakali, Newar) Newar 59 313 Total 222 1205 Source: Baseline report of KDP road project, 2022 1.1 Project affected IPs Households As per the KDP RAP, there are a total of 14 project-affected IP households (e.g., 12 marginalized, 2 disadvantaged) who are going to lose their structures due to the upgrading of the KDP road project. TABLE 1.2 CATEGORIZATION OF AFFECTED INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN KDP BY THEIR LEVEL OF MARGIN- ALIZATION Level of Marginalization Name of IPs Group with no. of HHs in pa- Remarks rentheses Marginalized Tharu (2 ), Tamang (10 ) Disadvantaged Mahgar (2) Source: Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN), 2004 Most of the project-affected households do not have sufficient land for agricultural purposes and depend on business, wage labor, and remittances, etc. Details of IPs households are given in Table-1.3. TABLE1.3 PROJECT AFFECTED INDIGENOUS HHS AND BUSINESS S.N. Household Head District Municipality Wards Settlements Lost Assts 1 Mandira Lama Dhanusha Dhanusha D. 9 Bhiman Structure/Business Municipality. 2 Ludra Bdr. Ale- Dhanusha Mithila Mu- 4 Pushplpur Structure/Business magar nicipality 3 Suraj Kumar Ghis- Mahottari Bardibas Mu- 10 Lachumaniya chowk Structure/Business ing nicipality 4 Bina Devi Moktan Dhanusha Bardibas Mu- 5 Gaushala chowk Structure/Business nicipality 5 Akabar Tamang Mahottari Gaushala Mu- 11 Lachumaniya chowk Structure/Business nicipality 6 Abita Bal Mahottari Gaushala Mu- 11 Lachumaniya chowk Structure/ Business nicipality 3 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road S.N. Household Head District Municipality Wards Settlements Lost Assts 7 Shyam Kumari Bal Mahottari Gaushala Mu- 11 Lachumaniya chowk Structure/Business nicipality 8 Kumari Lama Sarlahi Ishworpur Bande chowk(shreenagar) Structure/Business 13 Municipality 9 Kumari Moktan Sarlahi Ishworpur 5 Fuljor Structure/Business Municipality 10 Rameshwor Pd. Mahottari Bardibas Mu- 5 Gausala Structure/Business Chaudhary (Tharu) nicipality 11 Sonam Tamang Sarlahi Bagmati Mu- 12 Ashworya nagar Structure/Business nicipality 12 Lal Babu Sarlahi Hariyon Mu- 11 Basha tol Structure/Business Chaudhary (Tharu) nicipality 13 Lamu Maya Sarlahi Hariyon Na. 4 Tnghare lachka Structure/Business Syangtan Pa. 14 Jit Bd. Balampakhi Sarlahi Bagmati Mu- 1 Paanityanki chowk Structure/Business Magar nicipality Source: Census Survey, September, 2022 1.2 IPs Communities in Nepal The indigenous (Adivasi/Janajati) groups in Nepal are defined as social groups with a distinct social and cultural identity separate from the dominant society. The National Foundation for the Upliftment of Adivasi/Janajati Act (2002) defines IPs as ethnic groups and communities that possess their own mother language, traditional rites and customs, distinct cultural identity, unique social structure, and written or unwritten history. The Act has recognized 59 indigenous communities in Nepal. These indigenous communities are referred to as Adivasi/Janajati in Nepali and Indigenous Nationalities in English as per the Act. As a whole, these groups are generally considered marginalized segments of the population engaging in economic activities ranging from hunting/gathering and shifting agriculture in or near forests to wage labor or small-scale market-oriented activities. However, Adivasi/Janajati groups themselves comprise diverse groups that do not fit into a single economic system. There are disparities among different Adivasi Janajati groups in Nepal. While some Adivasi Janajati groups like Rautes are still engaged in hunting and gathering, Chepangs and Kusundas practice slash- and-burn farming and rely mainly on natural resources. Conversely, Newars, Thakalis, and Gurungs are more exposed to modernity and participate in foreign employment, government and non-government services, industry, and commerce. Considering their diverse socio-economic statuses, the Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (Adivasi Janajati) (NEFIN) 2004, an umbrella organization of Adivasi Janajati groups, has classified them into five categories (Table 1.4). Of the total 59 Adivasi Janajati groups, 10 groups are categorized as "endangered", 12 groups as “highly marginalized", 20 groups as "marginalized", 15 groups as "dis- advantaged", and 2 groups as “advanced" or better off, based on a composite index consisting of literacy, housing, land holdings, occupation, language, education, and population size. 4 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road TABLE1.4: CLASSIFICATION OF ADIVASI/JANAJATIES IN NEPAL Classification of Adivasi/Janajaties Region Endangered Highly Mar- Marginalized Advantaged Disadvantaged (15) (10) ginalized (12) (20) (2) Moun- Shiyar, Shing- Bote, Dolpo, Bara Gaule, Byansi Thakali tain (18) sawa (Lhomi), Larke, Lhopa, (Sauka), Chhairotan, and Thudam Mugali, Tok- Maparphali Thakali, pegola, and Sherpa, Tangbe, and Walung Tingaunle Thakali Hill Bankariya, Baramu, Bhujel, Dura, Pa- Chhantyal, Gurung Newar (24) Hayu, Kus- Thami hari, Phree, (Tamu), Jirel, Limbu badiya, (Thangmi), and Sunuwar, and Ta- (Yakthumba), Magar, Kusunda, Lep- Chepang mang Rai, Yakkha, & Hyolmo cha, and Surel Inner Te- Raji, and Raute Bote, Danu- Darai, and Kumal rai war, and Majhi (7) Terai Kisan, and Dhanuk Dhimal, Gangai, (10) Meche (Bodo) (Rajbansi), Rajbansi (Koch), Jhangad, and Tajpuriya,and Santhal (Satar) Tharu Source: NEFIN , 2004 1.3 Objectives and Scope of IPDP The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan (IPDP) was prepared based on national policies/strategies outlined in the National Foundation for Upliftment of Adivasi/Janajati Act, 2058 (2002), as well as the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standard 7 (ESS7). The specific objectives of the IPDP are: • Enhancing the participation of IPs in project planning, implementation, and monitoring to ensure that project activities are culturally acceptable and effective. • Ensuring that project benefits are accessible to IP communities residing in the project areas in a culturally appropriate manner. • Mitigating potential adverse impacts of the project on IPs. • Developing appropriate training, health camps, and income generation activities to enhance their livelihoods and income according to their defined needs and priorities. The scope of the IPDP includes identifying issues faced by IPs and meeting their demands, along with cultural enhancement programs for IPs living around the project corridor. A total of 14 project-affected households, categorized as marginalized (12) and advanced (2) groups, have been prioritized to address their vulnerabilities in accordance with ESS7 and ESS-1. During Focused Group Discussions (FGD), consultants gathered their demands for physical infrastructure development within their communities, as proposed within the scope and limitations of the plan. Additionally, cultural enhancement and aware- ness-raising programs were also proposed. The IPDP is also focused on mitigating any adverse impacts that may occur during the implementation of the KDP project for communities residing along the project alignment section. 5 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road CHAPTER-2: SUMMARY OF PROJECT IMPACT 2.1 Targeted Social Assessments The potential risks and impacts related to IPs due to the proposed upgrade of the existing KDP road have been primarily assessed based on available information and knowledge of the existing corridor. The feasibility study and detailed design have been reviewed, and impacts have been assessed based on project interventions. Following community group consultations, it is observed that the project will not cause adverse impacts on the land of IP communities. The possible impacts on IPs are discussed in the following sections. 2.2 Summary of Project Impacts The KDP road project directly affects IP households living within the Right of Way (RoW) only, but not at the community level, and it will not impact customary lands or practices. A total of 14 IP house- holds listed in the previous chapter will lose their business structures, including operating businesses such as tea and snacks shops. Consequently, they will receive compensation for their lost structures and business losses due to the KDP road improvement project. The cost of affected assets has been calculated based on findings from inventory surveys and allocated allowances according to entitlements specified in the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). Mitigation measures for these 14 project-affected IP households are detailed in the RAP report. In addition to direct impacts, the KDP road project may have indirect effects such as traffic congestion, disruption of local access, disturbance to cultural and ritual sites or river access points, influx of labor, gender-based violence (GBV), child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA), environmental dust, and increased pressure on resources during project implementation in surrounding communities. Issues as- sociated with labor influx include the spread of communicable diseases like conjunctivitis, common colds, and diarrhea, as well as potential increases in GBV and CSEA, which could disproportionately affect vulnerable groups within IP communities. Consequently, project activities are not expected to adversely impact IP customary lands, natural resources, cultural heritage, or necessitate the relocation of IPs from lands traditionally owned or under customary use or occupation. Therefore, the KDP road project does not require compliance with the free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) procedure. The project also brings positive benefits such as employment opportunities, skill training related to transportation, income generation training, and awareness-raising programs aimed at restoring liveli- hoods for IPs, in addition to cash compensation for the 14 IP households losing structures and busi- nesses. 2.3 Considerations for Avoidance and Minimization of Impacts The proposed project aims to avoid negative social impacts on agricultural lands, culturally significant sites, communal properties of IPs, or, where unavoidable, to minimize these impacts through exploration of project design alternatives and improved implementation plans. An analysis of alternatives was con- ducted for road improvement in line with the mitigation hierarchy principle for managing environmental and social risks and impacts. The project will cover almost the entire RoW area where these IP 6 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road households reside and conduct businesses. As design structures will cover the RoW, compensation is proposed for affected residential and business structures, including assistance for business displacement, shifting, and dismantling costs. Additionally, livelihood restoration programs and health outreach initi- atives, such as eye-checking campaigns and promotion of local musical instruments like Chabrung and Damphu, are proposed to maximize livelihoods and promote indigenous products and knowledge as part of cultural enhancement. Adequate compensation and livelihood restoration for project-affected persons (PAFs) align with project policies, alongside proposed mitigation measures to avoid and minimize im- pacts considering construction norms and practices. Therefore, no alternatives beyond the scope have been proposed. 2.4 Communities in the Project Area The project area comprises a diverse mix of communities without homogeneous settlements for any specific group. Indigenous (Adivasi Janajati) communities in the project area, although diverse in eth- nicity and group, share common approaches to economic and livelihood activities. These groups will experience similar impacts from the project as part of a mosaic community. Baseline and census data indicate the presence of various IP communities in the project area, making ESS7 relevant to this com- ponent. Major IP communities residing outside the KDP project corridor include Tamang, Magar, Gurung, Rai, Limbu, Bhujel/Garti, Sunuwar, and Newar, who migrated from hills and other parts of Nepal. Meanwhile, Tharu/Chaudhary, Danuwar, and Bote/Majhi are recognized as indigenous commu- nities long-established in the project area. 7 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road CHAPTER-3: LEGAL POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS 3.1 National and International Laws and Policies There are numerous legal provisions relevant to the protection of Indigenous Peoples’ rights and inter- ests in Nepal. The Constitution of Nepal (2015), National Foundation for Upliftment of Aadibasi /Jana- jati Act, (2002, Local Government Operation Act (2017), Forest Act (1993) and Forest Regulation (1995) and periodic Five-Year Plans have been placed significant emphasis on delivering basic services to the indigenous people and protection and promotion of their traditional knowledge and cultural her- itage. The National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities (NFDIN) Act (2002) is a key policy initiative for the welfare and advancement of IPs (Adivasi/ Janajati). The Act was enacted with a view to develop social, economic and cultural aspects of indigenous peoples, and to improve their equal participation in the mainstream of national development. Fifty-nine indigenous communities have been officially and legally recognized by Government of Nepal under this Act. NFDIN established the first comprehensive policy and institutional framework regarding indigenous peoples with overall goal of preservation of the languages, cultures, and empowerment of the marginalized ethnic nationalities. The GoN has developed the Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy (LARRP) for infrastructure project development in 2015. The policy has prescribed the following key provisions for project affected indigenous peoples and vulnerable groups (Section 7.2.7); ESS7 of the WB’s ESF ap- plies to a distinct social and cultural group identified the term “Indigenous Peoples, Historically Under- served Traditional Local Communities Indigenous ethnic minorities,” “aboriginals,” “hill tribes,” “vul- nerable and marginalized groups,” “minority nationalities,” “scheduled tribes,” “first nations” or “tribal groups.” The term Indigenous Peoples is used in a generic sense to refer exclusively to a distinct social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees: • Self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; • Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories, or areas of seasonal use or occupation, as well as to the natural resources in these areas • Customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are distinct or separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and • A distinct language or dialect, often different from the official language or languages of the country or region in which they reside. ESS7 applies the procedures to all such groups (indigenous peoples or historically underserved tradi- tional local communities, exploitation of their land and access to natural and cultural resources trigger Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) but in this KDP road project, such kind of impact is not envisaged, the impact is only at IP households’ level, so the FPIC is not required. 8 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road CHAPTER-4: COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS Community consultation has been integral throughout the stages of ESIA, RAP, and IPDP preparation, following a continuous process consistent with the project's Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP). These consultations during the design and planning phases facilitated the exchange of information about pro- ject objectives, scope, alternative design options, and stakeholder perceptions. The development of the IPDP adopted a participatory approach to ensure that indigenous peoples played a role in the project planning and development process. Before consultation meetings, IP households, communities, and their organizations were informed and scheduled consultations via phone, letters, and coordination with their respective municipalities and wards. Local authorities actively encouraged their participation to ensure the consultations were meaningful and inclusive. Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were held separately with project-affected IP households, totaling nine meetings with 136 participants (72 males and 64 females). The aim was to assess project impacts, understand their views, needs, priorities, and preferences regarding project design and implementation. Discussions covered potential impacts such as loss of structures and livelihoods, along with appropriate mitigation measures. Issues like labor influx, communicable diseases (conjunctivitis, common cold, di- arrhea), and specific concerns such as school dropout rates among the Majhi community were high- lighted and discussed. Other key concerns raised by IPs included the promotion of indigenous knowledge and practices, health outreach programs (e.g., Eye Treatment Camps), and awareness-raising programs on issues like labor influx, gender-based violence (GBV), and child sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA/SH). The consultations also focused on project benefits such as promoting local indigenous products, em- ployment opportunities, transport-related skill training, income generation, and support for community infrastructures like temples, monasteries (Gumba), deity places (Thaan), public toilets, and access to riversides for cremation and religious activities at Kamala and Bagmati Bridge. IP participation in project preparation, implementation, and monitoring was a key topic. It was noted that some indigenous groups lacked detailed knowledge about the KDP project design and status, mak- ing the consultation vital for sharing information, addressing their queries, and collecting feedback. Suggestions from the consultations, including preventive measures for adverse impacts, infrastructure needs, and training requirements for socio-economic upliftment, were incorporated into the IPDP and other Environmental and Social documents. Overall, the public consultations demonstrated broad support from each IP community, emphasizing their eagerness to commence the KDP road project promptly to enhance the quality of the existing in- frastructure. IPDP implementation will maintain this participatory approach to ensure meaningful consulta- tion and effective IP participation. A summary of major issues raised in the consultations includes: • Representation of indigenous people in the project's implementation phase and priority for em- ployment opportunities. • Community safety concerns during project implementation. • Organization of health outreach programs like Eye Treatment Camps (Ankha Shibir) at two sec- tions of the road. 9 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road • Enhancement, rehabilitation, and maintenance of community infrastructures such as temples, monasteries (Gumba), deity places (Thaan), and water ponds/taal at various locations. • Support through skill training and seed money for developing local products like Damphu, Cha- brung, and fishing nets for respective communities such as Tamang and Majhi. • Construction of water ponds/taal near Murgiya Khola, Dhanushadham-9. • Orientation and training to promote indigenous knowledge, culture, practices, and the economic upliftment of local indigenous products. Chapter 6 will delve into the detailed IP development plan, with the final implementation schedule being decided through further consultations with indigenous communities. 10 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road CHAPTER-5: DESCRIPTION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE AND ETHNOGRAPHY A socio-economic assessment was undertaken in September 2022 using tools like household survey (using hard copy questionnaires), focus group discussions, and interviews with key informants (KII). The proposed project area is culturally and ethnically diverse and rich in cultural heritage. Six indige- nous groups out of 11 IPs groups—Tamang, Magar, Newar, Danuwar, Bote, Majhi—who live in differ- ent locations of the project section have been chosen for FGD consultation. The hill Janajati like Ta- mang, Magar, and Newar are migrant settlers across the project section who started living there after the eradication of Malaria and the dawn of democracy in Nepal in 1950. However, the Adibasi/Janajati like Danuwar, Bote, and Majhi are ancient inhabitants along the project section. The Tamang and Tharu are categorized under marginalized groups. The distributed settlements along the KDP road gradually in- creased after the construction of the East-West Highway (Mahendra Highway) in 1962. Agriculture, business, foreign employment, and services are the major occupations of these hill Janajati groups, while agriculture, fishing, and hunting were the major occupations of the Terai Adibasi/Janajati groups. Agri- cultural productions are dominated by rice, wheat, maize, and seasonal vegetables. Domestic animals commonly include cows, buffalo, poultry, pigs, and goats. The nature of subsistence agriculture is changing into commercial agriculture, and animal husbandry and poultry are also done for business purposes on a commercial basis. However, along the highway, they also have other businesses such as tea shops, vegetable and fruit shops, small grocery shops, hotels, and restaurants. Poverty is higher among these people as nearly one-fourth of the hill indigenous are living below the poverty line. A brief ethnographic description of each IPs group along the KDP road alignment is discussed below. 5.1 Ethnographic Description Tamang: Tamang is one of the main hilly ethnic groups of Nepal. Traditionally Buddhist by religion, they constitute 5.62% of the Nepalese population, totaling 1,639,866 as of the 2021 census. Their lan- guage is the fifth most spoken in Nepal. In Tamang society, four types of specialists namely Lama (Priest of Tamang and other few ethnic groups following Tibetan Buddhism), Tamba, Ganba, and Bonbo. The Lama acquires knowledge from Lamaist Buddhism and its texts, while Tamba is an antiquarian of Ta- mang ancestral history, and Ganba helps complete any ceremony with his knowledge of rites and cus- toms of the community. Most Tamangs are farmers engaged in agriculture. Due to the lack of irrigation at higher altitudes, their crops are often limited to corn, millet, wheat, barley, and potatoes. This situation is similar between the Chure-Bhawar and upper Terai belt where Tamang populations are concentrated. They are concentrated mainly on the north side of the Mahendra Highway. They often supplement their farming income with manual labor. Due to the discrimination experienced by Tamang people in the past, they have remained poorly educated overall, with the majority limited to working as farmers, mountain trekking, pottering, and driving in Kathmandu. According to the classification of the Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) in 2005, Tamang people had been categorized as a "Marginalized group" based on indicators such as literacy and education, income, wealth, landholding, and ownership of other assets. Tamang people have a mixed religion of animism and Tibetan Buddhism. Tamang culture is characterized by various traditional social institutions such as Nangkhor, Gedung, Chokpa, and Ghyang. Tamang communities are organized, maintained, and regulated through these so- cial institutions. 11 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Newar: Newars are the historical inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley and its surrounding areas in Nepal, and the creators of its historic civilization. They comprise 4.60% of the total population, totaling 1,341,363 in the project section. They are involved in business occupations and reside in the business centers of Nepal. Newars form a linguistic and cultural community of primarily Indo-Aryan and Tibeto- Burman ethnicities with Nepal Bhasa as their common language. They have developed a division of labor and a sophisticated urban civilization not seen elsewhere in the Himalayan foothills. Newars have continued their age-old traditions and practices and pride themselves as the true custodians of the reli- gion, culture, and civilization of Nepal. Unlike other common-origin ethnic or caste groups of Nepal, Newars are regarded as an example of a national community with a relict identity derived from an eth- nically diverse, previously existing polity. The Newar community within it consists of various strands of ethnic, racial, caste, and religious heterogeneity, as they are the descendants of the diverse group of people that have lived in Nepal Mandala since prehistoric times. Newars are known for their contribu- tions to culture, art, and literature, trade, agriculture, and cuisine. Today, they consistently rank as the most economically, politically, and socially advanced community in Nepal. According to the classifica- tion of the Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) in 2005, Newar people are categorized as an "advanced group" based on indicators such as literacy and education, income, wealth, landholding, and ownership of other assets. Magar: The Magar, also spelled as Mangar and Mongar, are the third largest ethno-linguistic group of Nepal, representing 6.90% of Nepal's total population, totaling 2,013,498 according to the 2021 Nepal census. The original home of the Magar people was west of the Gandaki River, roughly consisting of the portion of Nepal which lies between and around Gulmi, Argha Khanchi, and Palpa. This region was divided into twelve districts known as Barha Magarat (Confederation of Twelve Magar Kingdoms) which included Satung, Pyung, Bhirkot, Dhor, Garhung, Rising, Ghiring, Gulmi, Argha Khanchi, Mus- ikot, and Isma. During the medieval period, the entire area from Palpa to Gorkha was called Magarat as it was inhabited by Magars. A second Confederation of Eighteen Magar Kingdoms known as Athara Magarat also existed, primarily inhabited by Kham Magars. Magars are divided into the following six tribes (clans) listed alphabetically: Ale, Bura/Burathoki, Gharti, Pun, Rana, and Thapa. These tribes intermarry, have the same customs, and are equal in social standing. Each tribe is subdivided into many sub-clans. According to the classification of the Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) in 2005, Magar people are categorized as a "Disadvantaged group" based on indicators such as literacy and education, income, wealth, landholding, and ownership of other assets. Gurung: The Gurung people, also called Tamu, are an ethnic group from different parts of Nepal. They are one of the main Gurkha tribes. They believe that until the 15th century they were ruled by a Gurung king. When the British Empire came to South Asia, the Gurung people began serving the British in Army regiments of Gurkhas. At the time of the 2021 Nepal census, 543,790 people (1.86% of Nepal's population) identified as Gurung. Priestly practitioners of Gurung Dharma include Ghyabri (Klehpri), Pachyu (Paju), and Bon Lamas. Shamanistic elements among the Gurungs remain strong, and most Gurungs often embrace Buddhist and Bön rituals in communal activities. Most Gurungs live along with other ethnic groups in the middle hills and valleys along the southern slope of Annapurna Himalaya in mid-western Nepal. Gurungs use Tamukwyi, their mother tongue, to communicate with each other and 12 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road use Nepali to communicate with other ethnic groups. They perform Sorathi, Ghado, Ghatu, and other forms of traditional dance. The social structure of Gurung includes "Char Jat" which is further divided into several clans. The Char Jat categories are: Ghale (King), Ghotane (Minister), Lama (Priest), and Lamichhane (Councillor). The Char Jat as a whole is endogamous, while each of the four categories is exogamous. According to the classification of the Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN) in 2005, Gurung people were categorized as a "disadvantaged group" based on indicators such as literacy and education, income, wealth, landholding, and ownership of other assets. Gurungs are con- nected to other religious groups. Forests play a key role in Gurung lifestyle, traditions, and culture. They have a long tradition of practicing natural healing arts. Gurungs have a rich tradition of music and cul- ture. They practice a social tradition called "Rodi" to socialize, share music, dance, and find marriage partners. They have their own local deities believed to have considerable power over nature and influ- ence on human life. The total Gurung population is 2922. Bhujel/Gharti: Bhujel is a caste group in Nepal. As per Janajati socio-economic categories, Bhujel belongs to a marginalized group comprising a population of 120,245, which is 0.41% of Nepal's popu- lation (CBS 2021). The Bhuji and Nishi areas in Baglung are considered the ancestral places of the Bhujels. Nowadays, they are scattered all over the country. Some are known as Bhujel and some as Ghartis Rai: Rai is one of the important ethnic groups of Kirati people. Rais are also well known for their roles in the Gurkha army, Indian Army, and British Army. Their bravery has made them famous around the world. Rais are also known as honest people with great courage. We cannot certainly say the exact migration routes of Rai people, but one plausible history is that Kirati migrated from Tibet and a few from the Indian region in Kathmandu valley. Then, it is believed they slowly migrated to the eastern part of Nepal. For this reason, out of the 10 main castes in Rai, three (3) are Lhasa gotra and seven (7) are Kashi gotra. Today, there are more than 32 casts of Rai ethnicity. They also have more than 28 different dialects that are still in practice in Rai communities. The Rai population comprises 640,674 people, which is 2.2 percent of the country's population (CBS 2021). Generally, Rai houses are simple but beautiful two-story buildings made of mud and bricks, similar to other traditional village houses of Nepal. The upper story usually has a veranda, and they have a wooden step called Aaglo to climb up. Agriculture was Rai’s main occupation. They grew maize, millet, wheat, rice, and mustard seeds. Their staple foods are dal, bhat, tihun, khole, dhindo, etc. Rai people are experts in cooking pork. One of the main uses of grains for Rai people is to make jaad (millet beer) or rakshi (spirit). Rai people have unique traditions and costumes as well. Women Rais typically wear Chaubandi Cholo (blouse or top) and Fariya (saree) with Patuki on their waist. Rai men wear Daura-Surwal with an Ash- coat and Patuki on the waist, along with a Khukuri. Similarly, women wear ornaments such as Muga Mala, Reji Haari mala, Chaadi ko Kangan, Authi, Naakma Phuli ra Jhamke Bulaki, Dhungri, etc. Rai culture, as part of Kirati in general, gives great importance to nature as their god. Bhumi puja (earth praying) or henkama is something they practice religiously. Also, remembering ancestors’ souls is an important part of their rituals. Their home has one corner dedicated to ancestors called “Macha -kuma”. Twice a year, during Udhauli and Ubhauli, Rai perform special rituals offering Hen neat, Rakshi (spirit), 13 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Acheeta (grains), Ginger (aduwa), etc., to ancestors’ souls (Pitri), remembering them for their blessings. However, the project area is different from their original place, where few Rai people have migrated to some settlements for economic reasons. Tharu/Chaudhary: The Tharu is a prevalent ethnic group living in the Western Terai districts and residing in most of the Terai districts of Nepal traditionally. The Tharu/Chaudhary comprises 1,807,124 people (6.20%) in Nepal (CBS 2021). After the eradication of malaria and some development initiatives, there was an influx of hill people into these areas. In the process of migration from the hills to the Terai, many Tharus lost their land. Consequently, they had to take loans, which they hadn’t needed before, forcing them to work their whole lives in the houses of so-called high-class people without wages or for very minimal wages to repay the loans and meet their daily expenses, leading to a miserable life. This brought about socio-economic consequences with unequal inter-caste and class relations negatively af- fecting the Tharus. Exploitation, poor health, unclaimed rights to natural resources, weak voice in gov- ernment decisions, poor access to markets, lack of credit for their work, and many other associated factors increased poverty among the Tharus and other deprived communities in western Nepal as well. So-called high-class people blamed and did not accept to uplift the economic growth of Tharus and addressed their views on the reasons for Tharus being backward. They blamed social and cultural fac- tors, which they claimed made the Tharus less clever and incapable of managing their lives in a standard way. These perceptions and discriminations from other community people weakened the Tharus, mak- ing it difficult for them to raise their representative voice in government for their entitlement. The Terai region was covered by a thick malarial jungle that kept away outsiders and guaranteed free- dom to the Tharus. Their relative isolation led them to develop a distinct and self-sufficient society with their own language, religion, and culture differing from the hill people. The plains or Terai are the rice basket of Nepal. The Western Terai region of Nepal was very productive where the total Tharu popula- tion in six districts (Dang, Banke, Bardiya, Surkhet, Kailali, and Kanchanpur) is 909,743. Half of the Tharu population lives in these districts. The lands in these districts were cultivated by the indigenous Tharu people and are the most productive and sought-after agricultural lands. During that time, only Tharus resided in the area, while non-Tharu people came to the area during the winter season and fled during the summer season, due to the jungle’s malaria and wild animals. This was a time that senior Tharu citizens still talk about, when a family entering a new settlement could have as much land as they could clear from the jungle. In this environment, the Tharus developed largely self-sufficient communi- ties in and around the jungle, with distinctive building styles, settlement patterns, religion, and agricul- tural practices. The Tharu people are distributed almost east to west in the Terai region, with a higher population found in Bara, Rautahat, Sarlahi, and Mahottari districts along the southern part of the mu- nicipalities. Sunuwar: The Sunuwar or Koinch (Sunuwār Jāti) is a Kirati tribe native to Nepal, parts of India (West Bengal and Sikkim), and southern Bhutan. They speak the Sunuwar language. According to the 2021 census of Nepal, the Sunuwar population numbers 78,910, comprising 0.27 percent of Nepal's popula- tion (CBS 2021). The term ‘Koinch’ also refers to their mother tongue. Other terms like Mukhiya or Mukhia are exonyms for the tribe. Sunuwar have their distinct language, religion, culture, and social customs. They inhabit the eastern hills of Nepal and the Himalayas, concentrated along the Molung Khola, Likhu Khola, and Khimti Khola regions. By administrative division, they reside in Okhaldhunga, 14 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Ramechhap, and Dolakha districts of Nepal. Politically known as Wallo Kirat (‘Near/Hither’), Kirant (in the past and also currently in use among the Kirantis) following the fall of the Kiran dynasty, the Kirant dynasty ruled for approximately 1903 years and 8 months in the ancient Nepal valley. Wallo Kirant was their communal land in the past. Most Sunuwar practice agriculture (approximately 55%), primarily cultivating crops such as rice, millet, wheat, soybean, potato, and maize throughout the eastern hills of present-day Nepal. Sunuwar people also participated in the Second World War and were known as Gorkhali fighters, recognized for their honesty. Some Sunuwar still join the Nepal Army, Indian Army, Singapore Police Force, and British Army. Sunuwar are rich in culture and traditions, celebrating hundreds of traditional feasts and festivals with complex rituals and rules. Each festival has its own objectives, characteristics, and system of cele- bration. Some festivals like Chandi Dance during Baisakh Purnima, Sakela (Shyadar-Puidar), Gilpuja (Gil-Pidar), and Meseranpuja (Meserani-Pidar) hold greater importance. They celebrate the Shyadar- pidar festival on Buddha Purnima Day or five days after Buddha Purnima (Panchami) according to the Nepali calendar. Sunuwar New Year is celebrated on Basanta Panchami. As a community, they observe Meserani Pidar twice a year based on the Lunar Calendar. Very few Sunuwar people who have migrated from their traditional areas are found residing along the project section. Limbu: Limbu, the second most numerous tribe of the indigenous Kiranti people, mainly resides in Eastern Nepal, east of the Arun River in Nepal's easternmost Himalayan region. The Limbu population comprises 414,704 individuals, accounting for 1.42 percent of the total population. The Limbu people are of Mongolian descent and speak a language belonging to the Kiranti group of Tibeto-Burman languages. They have their own alphabet, the Kirat-Sirijonga script, believed to have been invented in the 9th century. Limbu villages are typically found between 2,500 to 4,000 feet (800 to 1,200 meters) above sea level, consisting of 30–100 stone houses surrounded by dry-cultivated fields. Divided into patrilineal clans, Limbu families are led by a headman, or subba, who often is a returned Gurkha soldier. The Limbu are one of the largest tribal groups in Nepal and are a sub-group of the Kirant people. The Limbu are known as "des limbu" (ten Limbu), although there are actually thirteen Limbu sub-groups including the Yakthumba. Legend states that five of these groups came from Banaras, India (now Vara- nasi), and the other eight from Lhasa, Tibet. There is no social discrimination among the Limbu sub- groups, though there are numerous clans and sects. The Yakthumba Limbu predominantly reside in eastern Nepal between the Arun River and the Sikkim district border in India, with a small population also in Bhutan. They speak a dialect of Kiranti, which is a Tibeto-Burman language. Agriculture is the primary source of income for the Yakthumba Limbu, with rice and maize being their principal crops. Despite abundant arable land, they lack farming tech- nology to fully exploit it, often trading their agricultural surplus for food they cannot grow locally or for essential items. Men typically plow the fields, while women plant the seeds. During harvest time, both men and women work together to bring in the crops. Extended families often unite to assist each other during harvest 15 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road seasons. Economic hardships among the Yakthumba Limbu have driven many men to join the army, both in Nepal and India, which earns them respect, especially those who achieve high ranks. Limbu people marry within their ethnic community but do not marry within their own clans or to their cousins. Marriages are arranged by parents, where the young man's family proposes to the young wom- an's family, followed by an elaborate ceremony where she may request certain assurances to gauge her future happiness. Women hold significant influence within Limbu families, particularly when husbands are away for extended military deployments. A woman gains recognition after bearing her first child. Yakthumba Limbu society is patrilineal, tracing descent through males, with related families forming clans. When a clan member passes away, the entire group undergoes a period of ritual purification. Drinking, dancing, and music hold great cultural importance for the Limbu people. Festivals, weddings, mourning ceremonies, gift exchanges, and conflict resolutions often involve extensive consumption of liquor. When visitors arrive in Limbu villages, dances are held providing opportunities for young people to meet, enjoy dancing, and socialize over drinks. They have several musical forms, including Domke Akma Palam, which might also be adapted for worship music. Yakthumba Limbu people also enjoy archery, with competitions sometimes holding religious significance or simply being contests where the loser buys drinks for the winner. The Yakthumba Limbu are predominantly Buddhists but participate in many Hindu festivals. They also engage in worship practices involving blood sacrifices and believe that a woman inherits her mother's deities upon marriage. Yuma, an important goddess, holds significance in Limbu culture. Danuwar: Among the Adivasi/Janajatis listed by the Government of Nepal, Danuwar, belonging to the group of the most marginalized Adivasi/Janajati, resides in 62 districts of Nepal, including Terai, Inner Madhes, and Hills. The Danuwar population comprises 82,784 individuals, accounting for 0.28 percent of Nepal's population (CBS 2021). Historically, this caste has been present in Nepal since the inception of Nepal Mandal. Historical documents mention the Danuwar caste in connection with the Simraungadh state government during the satsang period. Various records indicate that Danuwars have lived in Nepal for over 2,000 years. Among the existing records, the oldest mention of the Danuwar caste dates back to a red seal given by Prithvinarayan Shah to Siddha Bhagwant Nath in 1827 BS. There are different interpretations of the origin of the term "Danuwar." According to some, it derives from "Doniwar" where "Dan" is derived from "Don." Others mention it originated from "Donacharya" or "Dalwar" (combatant). The language of the Danuwar caste is called "Danuwari," developed from the Magadhi Prakrit language. It is named Danuwari because it is spoken by Danuwars. Among the Magadheli languages in the Nepali class, Danuwaris are considered closely related. Danuwari is spoken by Danuwars residing in the Inner Madhes of Nepal from east to west and along the Mahabharata range. According to the National Census 2068, there are 45,821 Danuwari speakers in Nepal. The Danuwari language is mentioned on page 631 of the Nepali Comprehensive Dictionary of Nepal State Intellectual 16 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Foundation, Kamaladi, Kathmandu. Despite having their own customs, rites, culture, and language, Danuwars are influenced by neighboring communities where they reside geographically. Danuwars in the Terai are influenced by the Maithili language, while those in the hills are influenced by hill lan- guages. The original form of Danuwari language is preserved among Danuwars living in Sindhuli, Udai- pur, Sarlahi, Siraha, and Dhanusha districts. Historically, Danuwari was the official language of the Tirhut region but lost prominence to Maithili Brahmins during the Durbaria Rajgaj period, a trend that continues today. Bote/Majhi: Today, Nepal is attempting to preserve the environment in areas where Bote/Majhi people have traditionally hunted and fished for centuries. This situation has made it increasingly difficult for them to sustain themselves. The Nepali government is endeavoring to involve Bote people in conserva- tion efforts and eco-tourism to provide alternative livelihoods, though these jobs are insufficient to meet the demand. People who speak Bote languages like Majhi are gradually transitioning to Nepali. The Majhi population comprises 111,352 individuals (0.38%) (CBS 2021), covering 0.07% of the ethnic population across the project section municipalities. More than 99 percent of Bote/Majhi people in Nepal are Hindus, with less than one percent identifying as Christians. Bote speakers need to acquire new livelihoods as traditional ways of life are increasingly impacted by external influences. Prayers are requested for believers to train these communities in new marketable skills to help them adapt to changing circumstances. 5.2 Cultural Heritage The WB’s ESS8 on cultural heritage recognizes the need to protect the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of indigenous peoples (IPs). IPs identify cultural heritage as a reflection and expression of their constantly evolving values, beliefs, knowledge, and traditions. Cultural heritage, in its many indicators, is important as a source of valuable scientific and historical information, as an economic and social asset for development, and as an integral part of people’s cultural identity and practice. The WB has a policy of avoidance if a project significantly impacts cultural heritage that is material to the identity and/or cultural, ceremonial, or spiritual aspects of the affected IPs’ lives. The inventory of tangible and intangible religious and cultural sites was made through a consultation process along the KDP road alignment. Locals celebrate their deities (demons, gods, natural powers) on open land close to the stream and forest near the villages. In the FGD process, it did not identify any known critical tangible cultural heritage sites such as built shrine structures, sacred places, monasteries, or crematory sites that would be significantly affected by the project. Regarding intangible cultural heritage, a significant majority of the population within the zone of influ- ence is composed of various indigenous peoples like Tamang, Newar, Magar, Gurung, Tharu, Rai, Limbu, Sunuwar, Bhujel/Gharti, Danuwar, and Bote/Majhi along the road alignment section. However, the homogeneous communities of the IPs are gradually changing into mixed societies these days. They have their own religions, social and cultural practices blended with different religious ideologies. Their culture is characterized by various traditional social institutions influenced by changing socio-economic and political situations. These IP communities are organized, maintained, and regulated through these social institutions. 17 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road CHAPTER-6: DEVELOPMENT OF IP’S ACTION PLAN The IP’s development action plan was prepared with the help of community consultation using FGD along the project section. The consultation captured information about their cultural artifacts, indigenous knowledge, and practices along with their cultural value-added objects in a participatory way. Under- standing their needs and demands, the action plan has been developed to strengthen their socio-economic and cultural conditions despite budget limitations. Altogether, 14 project-affected Indigenous house- holds mentioned in RAP and 11 Indigenous Communities are found residing within the 500-meter pe- riphery area of the KDP project, which is the reason for preparing the IPDP in the KDP project. More- over, potential impacts that will occur during project implementation have mitigation measures proposed wherever possible. 6.1 Development of Infrastructures The development of the IPDP followed a participatory approach to enable indigenous peoples to have a role in the project planning and development process. IPs households, communities, and their organiza- tions were informed beforehand and scheduled for consultation via phone, following which their respec- tive municipalities and wards corresponded through request letters for consultation. Separate discussions were carried out with project-affected IPs households through FGD. The action plan has been developed based on needs expressed and issues raised by the IPs community during the consultations. The plan will address small physical infrastructure, socio-cultural, economic, and capacity-building needs of the IPs. Some specific activities mentioned include: • Eye Treatment Campaign (Ankha Shibir package wise) targeting women and children of the project-affected communities, • Orientation and sensitization programs against school dropout among the Majhi community, • Promotion of local indigenous products through radio jingles, hoarding boards, and establish- ment of local gift shops promoting and linking cultural values, knowledge, and practices such as handbags, Tungna, and fishing nets, • Facilitation and conducting necessary trainings for developing musical instruments such as dam- phu and Chayabrung, • Enhancement of Jhyan Chhub Chhyoling Gumba in Pathalaiya Jitpur-Simra Sub-metropolitan ward no-1, • Enhancement and fencing of existing Than (the deities Place) in Bagmati Municipality ward No. 12, • Construction of ponds near Murgiya Khola with fencing in Dhanusadham-ward-9, • Enhancement of water ponds at Ganeshman-Charnath Municipality ward-6, • Improvement of community structures such as market sheds (Hatbazar at three locations: Biren- dra Bazar-243+200, Lalbandi-290+930, and Bagmati-313+320), • Access road along the riverside for religious activities at Bagmati River Bridge and access to cremation site & at Kamala River Bridge, • Construction of three public toilets (Badahari Bazar-Ch. 260 + 355, Sukha Pokhari-Ch. 267+005 of Hariwon, and Nijgadh Bazar Ch 345+900) with universal access. 18 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The above-mentioned public infrastructures like access roads, maintenance of Hat Bazars, and toilets, etc., will be constructed according to the DoR’s standard drawings after consultations with respective local communities during the construction phase. The estimated cost of construction of market sheds, public toilets, along with enhancement costs for community structures, has been incorporated in the bill of quantity (BOQ) under "provisional sum of public utilities and social safeguard measures. . Table 6-1 Proposed Public Service Infrastructures under IPDP Proposed Activities Quantity Chainage Total amount (L/S) Access to riverside roads for cremation sites at Kamala 2 O+000 & 330+000 Bridge and other religious activities at, Bagmati . Enhancement of weekly market "Haat bazar at Labandi, 3 294 +930, 243+200 Birendra Bazar and Bagmati- 320+ 330 Included in BoQ Public Toilets at Badahari Bazar, Sukha Pokhari and 3 260+355 Nijgadh 267+005 345+ 900 Enhancement of Water ponds Ganesh Man Charnath-6 Tentative estimation is also given in BoQ Construction of ponds near Murgiya Khola" with fencing Dhanusadham-9 4 Enhancement of Than, Bagmati Municipality 11 Jitpur-Simara Ward no.-1 Enhancement of Gumba, Based on community consultation and their demands, health outreach programs like Eye Shibir (cam- paign) and promotion of local musical instruments development training like Chabrung and Damphu to the Tamang community, orientations, and training programs for awareness (on drop-out school students of Majhi community in Nijgadh-7), and skill development trainings (i.e., musical instruments making training and fishing-net weaving) have been planned for the IPs communities in a selective way as per the scope of IPDP. Table 6-2 presents the proposed other programs and activities as determined for different communities. Table 6-2: Proposed Activities in the Desiged Plan of IPDP S.N. Agreed Activities Time (Te- Responsibility natative) 1 Organizing health outreach program for Eye Treatment March, Contractor/Resource Camps (Ankha Shibir) in two sections of road 2025 person 2 Enhancement, rehabilitation and maintenance of January, Contractor/Resource 2027 Person community 19 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road S.N. Agreed Activities Time (Te- Responsibility natative) infrastructures like Temple, Gumba, Than (the Deities Place) and water ponds/taal at different locations as mentioned 3 Support (skill training and seed money) to develop Lo- March, Contractor/Resouce cal products like Damphu, Chabrung and fishing Net 2025 person to respective communities like Tamang and Majhi re- spectively. 4 Construction of water Ponds/Taal near Murgiya Khola May, 2025 Contractor/ Person Dhanusadham-9 5 Orientation and training to promote indigenous March, Contractor/ Person Knowledge, culture, practices, and promotion of local 2025 indigenous products for economic upliftment 6.2 Organizing of the Eye Treatment Camps A majority of women and children along the project area are suffering from eyesight problems and diseases. The traditional usage of firewood for cooking and inferior condition of lightning facilities are the major hindrances of occurring eye- sight problems to the residing population in the project area. Likewise, lack of awareness about balance diet and health consciousness are the pushing factors to create such a situation... Many women and children suffering from eyesight problems along the KDP road section will benefit from the Eye Shibir. This issue was highlighted during consultations with IPs com- munities at various locations. In response, two Eye Treatment Camps (Ankha Shibir) have been planned to be conducted in coordination with central or regional hospitals. Detailed operational plans for the ETC (Eye Shibir) will be prepared in coordination with relevant health experts/agencies before organ- izing the camps. The budget requirements are detailed in Table 6.3 Table 6-3: Detailed of the cost of Eye Treatment Camp Proposed Activities Unit Rate/Unit (NRs) Total Amount (NPR) Eye Treatment Camp (Ankha 3 (50 person in 300000 900000 Shibir) one unit) Medicine and other logistic sup- Lump sum 150000 150000 ports Total 1050000 20 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road 6.3 Trainings for Production and Marketing of local Products The cumulative impacts will occur during the operation of various projects along the KDP project sec- tion, creating a positive environment for tourism and marketing promotion. The IPs communities pos- sess traditional skills in making typical local products like Damphu, Chabrung, and fishing nets, which are cultural hallmarks of these communities. Indigenous knowledge and skills will be promoted through necessary trainings and support. Along the KDP road section, different indigenous groups residing along the project alignment are interested in producing items such as bags, traditional dresses, musical instru- ments, wood crafts, and baskets as souvenir products from the project communities. These products will be promoted through skill trainings and advertising under the project. A total of 9 orientation trainings are planned to enhance their traditional skills, conducted by experienced trainers (resource persons). Participants will be selected based on their expressed interest from various groups across the project section. Additionally, there are many school drop-out students among the Majhi children/communities, so an orientation and support program will be specifically focused on IPs community children. The estimated cost for the skill enhancement trainings is detailed in Table 6-4. Table 6-4: Detail Cost for the Proposed Activities Proposed Activities Quantity Rate/Unit (NRs) Total amount Support (skill training and seed money) to develop Lo- 9 50000 450000 cal products like Damphu, Chabrung and fishing Net to respective communities like Tamang and Majhi respec- tively. Promotion of the Local products marketing through ra- 6 20000 160000 dio, hoarding boards and establishement local gift shops. Orientation program to prevent school drop-out chil- 5 25000 125000 dren of Majhi communities in Nijgadh-7. Enhancement of cultural structures like Than, Gumba 4 100000 400000 and construction of water Ponds/Taal near Murgiya Khola Total 1135,000 6.4 Action Plan for IPDP Implementation The activities of IPDP have been planned to be implemented as per the following schedule. Table 6-5: Action Plan for IPDP Activities I Year (2024) II Year (2025) III Year (2026) SN Proposed Community Level Activities Trimesters I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV 1 Community Orientations on Impacts of project and Consultation and coordination meeting with concerned authority and community for IPDP implementation 21 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road I Year (2024) II Year (2025) III Year (2026) SN Proposed Community Level Activities Trimesters I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV 2 Construction of public structures (public toilets) with universal access and im- provement weekly market centers (Haat Bazar) and Access to river (Kamala & Bagmati) sites for religious rituals 3 Enhancement of different Community In- frastructures (Than, Gumba, Ponds & crimination sites) 4 Organizing Eye Treatment Camps 5 Orientation program to prevent school drop-out children of Majhi communities 6 Support to promote Local products like Damphu, Chabrung and fishing Net mak- ing trainings 7 Promotion of the Local products market- ing through radio jingle, hoarding boards and establishement local gift shops. and 22 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road CHAPTER-7: ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK AND COST An organizational setup for IPDP implementation is necessary for effective coordination to ensure com- pliance with policies and procedures and implementation of mitigation measures. To perform these activ- ities, organization set up will be established for IPDP implementation and management at Central and State level. Organizational Framework for IPDP Implementation DOR DCID PIC Contractor CSC CBOs Figure 7.1: Organization Framework for IPDP 7.1 Central Level Arrangement The Ministry of Physical Infrastructures and Transport (MoPIT) is the Executing Agency (EA), and MoPIT will execute the project through a Project Coordination Unit (PCU) established in the Develop- ment Cooperation Implementation Division (DCID) under the Department of Roads (DoR). The PCU in the DCID will be responsible for overall project coordination and implementation of IPDP. The budget required for implementing IPDP goes to the DCID/PCU through the DoR. The project coordinator and his/her safeguard team based at DCID/PCU will be responsible for overall coordination, planning, budg- eting, approval, and overseeing of implementation of IPDP. 7.2 Project Level Arrangement While central-level arrangements are necessary for coordinating IPDP activities, project-level arrange- ments are required for effective implementation. A Project Office headed by a Project In-Charge (PIC) will be established at the project site. The PIC will have a road section support team, and other relevant district officials will be deputed to the project team as required. A Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will also be procured to review designs and supervise construction activities according to the pro- ject design. As the project authority, the PIC will be responsible for implementing IPDP at the project The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road level. The contractor and their team will implement IPDP with the assistance of safeguard experts from the CSC and in coordination with the PIC and the safeguards team of DCID. 7.3 Cost estimation for IPDP Implementation The summary of estimated cost for the implementation of the IPDP is NRs. 2,185,000. All the cost will be borne by the BOQ provision. Table 7-.1: Summary of Estimated Cost for IPDP Activities Total Amount (NPR) Community Level Activities Development of proposed Community Infrastructures The proposed quantity of budget for the infra- (waiting sheds, marketing sheds and public toilets) and structures will be included in BOQ items. Access on river sides for ritual activities Organizing Eye Campaign (as Ankha Shibir) 1,050,000 Support (skill training and seed money) to develop Local 1,135,000 products like Damphu, Chabrung and fishing Net to re- spective communities like Tamang and Majhi respec- tively. Promotion and Marketing of Local Products through radio, hoarding boards and managing local gift shop. along with enhancement cultural structures and ponds. Orientation program to control school drop-out children of the Majhi communities Total 2,185,000 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road CHAPTER-8: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM This section details the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) that will be used to identify, track, and man- age grievances raised by project stakeholders. 8.1 Objectives of GRM The main objectives of the grievance mechanism are: • To address grievances promptly and effectively, in a transparent manner resulting in outcomes that are seen as fair, effective, and lasting. • To provide a grievance management process that is culturally appropriate and readily accessible to all Project-affected parties. • To build trust as an integral component of the Project community relations activities. • To enable a systematic identification of emerging issues, facilitating corrective actions and pre- emptive engagement. 8.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism The Land Acquisition Act, 1977, has a provision by which any person unsatisfied with the decision of acquiring their land and assets can appeal to the Ministry of Home Affairs within 7 days of the publication of the land and assets acquisition notice. The act also allows an unsatisfied land and asset owner to appeal to the district court within 35 days of the decision date of land and asset acquisition. This process, however, may be bureaucratic and slow in resolving grievances. Hence, consistent with the project's Stakeholder Engagement Plan, a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been established to allow project-affected persons (PAPs), including IPs, to raise their concerns about the IPDP and any project-related issues. The GRM will be readily accessible to address complaints promptly and in a culturally appropriate manner and at no cost to complainants. It will guarantee anonymity with no retribution for people who lodge complaints about project activities. Furthermore, the grievance mechanism will not impede access to ju- dicial and administrative remedies. However, efforts will be made to effectively address grievances before resorting to judicial processes or escalating into larger disputes. The GRM comprises two tiers: one at the local level and the next at the central (DoR-DCID) level, to address the project-related grievances, including grievances from IPs about the project in general and the IPDP in particular. All grievances from IPs and local communities related to the project, including IPDP issues, will be re- ferred to the local level GRM as it is closest to the communities. The local level Grievance Redress Com- mittee (GRC) will consist of the Project In-Charge (PIC), a Social Safeguard Specialist from CSC, Con- struction Contractor representatives, representatives of the Ward/Municipality, and representative from PAPs and including affected IPs The local level GRC will review all recorded grievances at the project site, screen and analyze the griev- ances laid by the PIC (Chair of GRC). The GRC will initiate the hearing process to resolve the incoming grievances at the site level and inform the decision accordingly to the complainants. If the grievance fails to be settled at the local level GRC, it will be escalated to the central level GRC with recommendations for further action. The Central Level Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will take a decision and inform the complaining party. The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road 8. 3 The Grievance Procedure All grievances shall be managed in accordance with the project’s Grievance Procedure (Figure-1). All grievances must be handled in a discreet and objective manner. The CSC and the Contrctor’s E & S field team must take into consideration the sensitive nature of the needs and concerns of the affected commu- nities and be responsive to the grievances made by the Project-Affected Parties, especially during the peak of the construction period. All grievances andhow they are managed will be recorded in the Stakeholder Engagement Management System, including complaint details that exist at the project level, a summary of the grievance, the resolu- tion or agreement on proposed actions (between the Project and the c omplainant), and monitoring actions taken in response to the grievance. SRCTIP- Regional Connectivity Grievance Procedure 1. Receive the grievances through phone, email and website; register and acknowledge the grievances 2. Screen and Assess 3. Act to resolve locally Yes No 4. Develop the resolution Reject complaint or refer to ap- with complaint Appeal (Level 2, , propriate channel Communicate decision 7. Implement the 6. Monitor, document, solution and close 5. Feedback & learn FIGURE 1: SRCTIP- GRIEVANCE PROCEDUR The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road CHAPTER-9: MONITORING AND EVALUATION MECHANISM Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) procedures for the IPDP are designed to assess the performance and establish the effectiveness of the IPDP implementation. The project will employ a precise monitoring and evaluation mechanism to maintain and/or improve the socio-economic and cultural conditions of affected communities. This regular monitoring will be internal and external, covering all proposed activities. The M&E mechanism aims to offer valuable feedback, detect issues early, and maintain consistent communi- cation with the impacted households about the monitoring results. Coordinating by the DCID to implement the KDP project, the proposed monitoring works will also be done by the inhouse Social Safeguard Expert or designated expert as RAP. 9.1 Internal Monitoring Internal monitoring is the responsibility of CSC and PCU-DCID on a regular basis, with the help of a Social Development Expert of DCID. A Social Development Specialist will oversee the Indigenous en- hancement activities and provide monthly and trimester reports to DoR-DCID. The PIC office will main- tain records of all transactions. Periodic compliance monitoring will be done by GESU. The major internal monitoring indicators and frameworks are presented in Tables 9.1. Table 9.1: Internal Monitoring indicators with Framework S.N Activities Indicators Target Means of Monitoring Framework Verification Frequency Responsibility 1 Development of Design E&S screening, Number of Community Infra- ESIACESMP consultations Monthly structures::like contract award 8 and meeting CSC, Weekly Market minute DoR-DCID-Pro- sheds Public toilets Monthly pro- ject and Access on river gress report sides for ritual activ- ities 2 Organizing Eye Identification of ser- CSC, Campions (as Ankha vice providers 3 Number of Monthly DoR-DCID- Shibir) Cost estimation Consultation Project Approved Quotation and minutes proposal Event organi- Completion re- zation port The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road S.N Activities Indicators Target Means of Monitoring Framework Verification Frequency Responsibility 3 Enhancement of cul- Identification of loca- 4 Number of con- Monthly CSC, tural structures tion sultations and DoR-DCID- (Than, Gumba, Cost estimation minutes Project creats Ponds Consultation with con- cerned management Monthly pro- team gress report Consent of concern au- thority 4 Marketing of Local Identification of loca- 4 consultations Monthly CSC, Products through ra- tion and communica- and minutes DoR-DCID- dio, hoarding boards tion center Project and managing local Cost estimation Monthly pro- gift shop. Consultation with lo- gress report cal community 5 Orientation program Identification of loca- 5 consultations Monthly CSC, to control school tion and minutes DoR-DCID- drop-out children of Cost estimation Project the Majhi communi- Consultation with lo- Monthly pro- ties cal community gress report 6 Support (skill train- Identification of loca- 3 Number of con- Monthly CSC, ing and seed money) tion/community sultations and DoR-DCID-Pro- to develop Local Local resourcces minutes ject products like Dam- Availability phu, Chabrung and Cost estimation Monthly pro- fishing Net to respec- Consultation/consent gress report tive communities with community like Tamang and Bote/Majhi respec- tively 9.2 External Monitoring External monitoring will be conducted by an independent consultant to complement the internal monitor- ing efforts. This consultant, familiar with infrastructure development and resettlement aspects, will assess the social and economic consequences for the project-affected communities. In particular, the external monitor will review the status of the disclosure of information and compliance redress mechanisms. The major external monitoring indicators and frameworks are presented in Tables 9-2. The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Table 9-2: External Monitoring indicators Framework S.N Activities Indicators Target Means of Monitoring Framework Verification Frequency Responsibility 1 Development of Design E&S screen- Number of Community Infra- ing, ESIACESMP consultations Once in structures:like contract award 8 and meeting Bio-Annualy Independent Weekly Market sheds minute Consultant Public toilets and Ac- Project com- cess on river sides for pletion report ritual activities 2 Organizing Eye Cam- Identification of Independent pions (as Ankha service providers 3 Number of Once in Consultant Shibir) Cost estimation Consultation Bio-Annu- Approved Quota- and minutes aly tion proposal Completion Event organization report 3 Enhancement of cul- Identification of 4 Number of Once in Independent tural structures (Than, location consultations Bio-Annu- Consultant Gumba, creats Ponds Cost estimation and minutes aly Consultation with concerned man- Monthly pro- agement team gress report Consent of con- cern authority 4 Marketing of Local Identification of 4 consultations Once in Independent Products through ra- location and com- and minutes Bio-Annu- Consultant dio, hoarding boards munication center aly and managing local Cost estimation Monthly pro- gift shop. Consultation with gress report local community 5 Orientation program Identification of 5 consultations Once in Independent to control school location and minutes Bio-Annu- Consultant drop-out children of Cost estimation aly the Majhi communi- Consultation with Monthly pro- ties local community gress report The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road S.N Activities Indicators Target Means of Monitoring Framework Verification Frequency Responsibility 6 Support (skill training Identification of 3 Number of Once in Independent and seed money) to location/commu- consultations Bio-Annualy Consultant develop Local prod- nity and minutes ucts like Damphu, Local resourcces Chabrung and fishing Availability Monthly pro- Net to respective Cost estimation gress report communities like Ta- Consultation/con- mang and Bote/Majhi sent with commu- respectively nity 9.2 Monitoring Mechanism The project will have a close monitoring and supervision mechanism to ensure that the socio-economic condition of the identified Indigenous Peoples (IPs) communities will not worsen compared to their situation prior to the project intervention. Regular monitoring is essential as it serves as an instrument to understand the improvement in their socio-economic conditions. Two types of monitoring, internal and external, will be carried out, and indicators of monitoring will assess benefits before and after the project implementation for the IPs. Monitoring is envisaged to be instrumental in providing feedback to management on implementation and to identify problems encountered as early as possible. The identified IPs will be duly consulted throughout the monitoring process, which will be followed by the disclosure of monitoring results. The IPDP-based activities will be monitored internally by the DCID/PCU of DOR, and external evaluation will be conducted through an independently appointed agency, to provide feedback to management on implementation and to identify problems and successes as early as possible. 9.3 Evaluation Mechanism As stated earlier, the evaluation of the project will be carried out during midterm and at the end of the project. Each type of evaluation works will be followed by the reporting. Both mid-term and end term evaluation reports will be prepared and submitted to the PCU by the evaluation agency. Annex-1: FGD Consultation Matrix (Also the translation of the meeting minutes as below) Date and Raised Issues Response Responsibility Place Jitpur Si- 1. Design Structures have 1. The design of the KDP road has been formally pre- Project, mara-1 Path- not been presented yet. sented. The project will develop 4 lanes of carriageways CSC laiya (Ta- They should be presented in rural and forest areas, and 4 lanes plus 2 service lanes Contractor, mang Tole) before implementing the in urban settlements. This project is also proposed to Local Com- (2079/10/17) project. meet Asian Highway Standard Road criteria with corre- munity 1/31/2023 sponding facilities. The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Date and Raised Issues Response Responsibility Place 2. Feedback mechanisms will include the Mayor, Dep- 2. What mechanism should uty Mayor ward chairperson, and knowledgeable per- be applied to involve the sons from the municipality. The positive impacts on community in feedback? business and tourism are expected to outweigh the neg- The negative impacts on ative impacts. However, possible negative impacts like business and other social gender violence and sexual abuse will be controlled dimensions should be miti- through joint coordination with local bodies, security gated. personnel, and the contractor. Child labor will be pro- hibited. To preserve culture, Jhyan Chhub Chhyoling Gumba should be maintained. 3. How to mitigate the neg- 3. Awareness programs for indigenous people will be ative impacts on the local conducted to preserve their culture and dignity. Mainte- culture and values of the nance of community structures and motivational pro- Tamang community? grams will also be held. Traditional musical instruments like Damphu and Chyabrung making training and sell- ing systems will be developed 4 What facilities are de- 4. The project prioritizes safety measures considering signed in this road? vehicle movement near schools and settlement areas. With a school near the road, necessary safety design structures like zebra crossings, footpaths, railings, and bus stops will be established. 5. Occupations of the com- 5. To promote agricultural production, an irrigation sys- munities that rely on agri- tem will be established as a means of production. Urgent culture and small business transportation facilities will be provided to promote in the area business, though it requires significant time and invest- ment. 6. what types of training 6. o enhance the socio-economic condition of the com- will be provided to enhance munities, training in driving, hotel business manage- the capacity of the needy ment, fishery, poultry farming, and off-season vegetable people? farming will be conducted based on the needs and de- mands of the concerned groups. Considering the prox- imity to Parsa National Park, rules and regulations re- garding wildlife-human conflict will be periodically ori- ented. 1. Though the general un- 1. The design of the KDP road has been formally pre- derstanding of design sented. The project will develop 4 lanes of carriageways structures has been known, in rural and forest areas, and 4 lanes plus 2 service lanes it should be presented be- in urban settlements. fore implementing the pro- ject. 2. The negative impacts on 2. To reduce school drop-out rates among Majhi com- business and other social munity children, orientation programs and tuition clas- (2079/10/17) dimensions should be miti- ses will be conducted. Project, CSC Nijgadh- 7, gated. School drop-out Contractor, Majhi tole rates in the Majhi Commu- Local Commu- 1/31/2023 nity should be addressed. nity 3. How to mitigate the neg- 3. Awareness programs for indigenous groups will be ative impacts on the local held to preserve their culture and dignity. Maintenance culture and values of the of shrines and motivational programs will also be con- Tamang community? ducted to preserve community culture. 4 What facilities are de- 4. High priority is given to safety measures regarding signed in this road? vehicle movement in these areas. Necessary safety de- sign structures, such as zebra crossings, proper bus stops, and flyovers, will be established. The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Date and Raised Issues Response Responsibility Place 5. Occupations of the com- 5. The Majhi community practices traditional agricul- munities that rely on agri- ture in their locality. To promote agricultural produc- culture and small business tion, deep boring and modern animal farming will be im- in the area. Is it possible to plemented as possible means of economic development. install deep boring for irri- Establishing physical infrastructures like deep boring for gation? irrigation and enhancing transportation facilities to pro- mote business will require significant time and invest- ment. 6. What types of training 6. To enhance socio-economic condition of the commu- will be provided to enhance nities, training like vegetable farming, Sewing and cut- the capacity of the needy ting, wiring and plumbing will be conducted based on people? the needs and demands of concerned groups. Local peo- ple should be given priority to be involved in project work as possible. 1. Design structures have 1. The design of the KDP road has been formally pre- not been fully presented sented. The project will develop 4 lanes of carriageways yet. They should be pre- in rural and forest areas, and 4 lanes plus 2 service lanes sented before implement- in urban settlements. This project is also proposed to ing the project. meet Asian Highway Standard Road criteria with similar facilities 2. What mechanism should 2. The project should involve the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, be applied to involve the ward chairperson, and knowledgeable persons from the community in feedback? municipality regularly. The positive impacts on business The negative impacts on and tourism are expected to outweigh the minimal neg- Project, CSC business and other social ative impacts. However, any possible negative impacts Contractor, dimensions should be miti- on different community groups during the construction Local Com- gated. phase will be controlled by applying strict rules and reg- munity ulations in coordination with concerned stakeholders. 3. How to mitigate the neg- 3. Awareness programs for vulnerable groups will be ative impacts on the local held to preserve their culture and dignity. Homestay fa- (2079/10/17) culture and values of the cilities will be developed to enhance their culture and Chandrapur- Magar community? economy. Motivational programs and traditional musi- 1 Danda Tole 1/31/2023 cal programs will also be held to preserve community culture. 4. What facilities are de- 4. The project prioritizes safety measures considering signed for this road consid- vehicle movement in the areas. Necessary safety design ering safety measures? structures will be established accordingly. 5. Occupations of the com- 5. To promote agricultural production, small tractors munities that rely on agri- will be provided as a means of agricultural promotion. culture and small business Urgent physical infrastructures like deep boring for irri- in the area. Is it possible to gation and enhancing transportation facilities to promote install deep boring for irri- business will also be established. However, significant gation? time and investment will be required for these initia- tives. 6. What types of training 6. To enhance the socio-economic condition of the com- will be provided to enhance munities, training in soap making, sewing, and cutting the capacity of needy peo- will be conducted based on the needs and demands of ple regarding indigenous concerned groups. knowledge? 1. Design structures have 1. The design of the KDP road has been formally pre- not been fully presented sented. The project will develop 4 lanes of carriageways 2079/10/18) yet. They should be pre- in rural and forest areas, and 4 lanes plus 2 service lanes Bagmati-11, sented before implement- in urban settlements. This project is also proposed to Bote Tole ing the project. meet Asian Highway Standard Road criteria with similar 2/01/2023 facilities. Additionally, access to riverside approach roads for religious activities and the preservation of Hat The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Date and Raised Issues Response Responsibility Place Bazar will be made. 2. What mechanism should 2. The project should involve the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, be applied to involve the ward chairperson, and knowledgeable persons from the community in feedback? municipality regularly. The positive impacts on business The negative impacts on and tourism are expected to outweigh the negative im- business and other social pacts. However, any possible negative impacts on dif- dimensions should be miti- ferent community groups during the construction phase gated will be controlled by applying strict rules and regula- tions in coordination with all concerned stakeholders. 3. How to mitigate the neg- 3. Awareness programs for vulnerable groups will be ative impacts on the local held to preserve their culture and dignity. Joint coordi- culture and values of the nation with local bodies, security personnel, and the con- Bote community? tractor will address possible negative impacts like gen- der violence. Child labor will be prohibited. Proper mechanisms will be applied to control dust and smoke. An eye camp (Eye Shibir) will be launched to address eye problems in the community. 4 What facilities are de- 4. The project prioritizes safety measures considering signed in this road? vehicle movement in sensitive areas. Various required design standards will be established accordingly. 5. Occupations of the com- 5. To promote agricultural production, such as vegetable munities that rely on agri- farming, hand tractors will be provided for irrigation. culture and small business However, significant time and investment will be re- in the area. quired for this initiative. Local people will be given pri- ority in project work. 6. To enhance the socio-economic condition of the com- 6. What types of training munities, training in masonry, doll making, and vegeta- will be provided to enhance ble farming will be conducted based on the needs and the capacity of needy peo- demands of concerned groups. Awareness will be raised ple? by publishing notices on hoarding boards to promote the marketing of their local products. 1. Design structures have 1. The design of the KDP road has been formally pre- not been fully presented sented. The project will develop 4 lanes of carriageways yet. They should be pre- in rural and forest areas, and 4 lanes plus 2 service lanes sented before implement- in urban settlements. This project is also proposed to ing the project meet Asian Highway Standard Road criteria with similar Project, CSC (2079/10/18) facilities. Contractor, Bagmati-12, 2. What mechanism should 2. The project should involve the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, Local Commu- Danuwar be applied to involve the ward chairperson, and knowledgeable persons from the nity Tole community in feedback? municipality regularly. The positive impacts on business 2/01/2023 The negative impacts on and tourism are expected to outweigh the negative im- business and other social pacts. However, any possible negative impacts on dif- dimensions should be miti- ferent community groups during the construction phase gated. will be controlled by applying strict rules and regula- tions in coordination with all concerned stakeholders.. The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Date and Raised Issues Response Responsibility Place 3. How to mitigate the neg- 3. Awareness programs for vulnerable groups within the ative impacts on the local Magar community will be held to preserve their culture culture and values of the and dignity. Joint coordination with local bodies, secu- Magar community? rity personnel, and the contractor will address possible negative impacts such as gender violence and sexual abuse. Child labor will be prohibited. An eye camp (Eye Shibir) will be launched to address eye problems in the area. Proper mitigation measures will be implemented to control dust and smoke during the construction phase. 4.What facilities are de- 4. he project prioritizes safety measures considering ve- signed in this road? hicle movement in sensitive areas. Various required de- sign standards will be established accordingly. 5. To promote economic 5. To promote cultural aspects, maintaining the Pahu-na and cultural activities, what Ghar is important. Additionally, maintaining the Than measures should be applied (the deities' place) in Bagmati Municipality Ward No. by the project? 12 is necessary. Local people should be involved in pro- ject work. 6. what types of training 6. To enhance the socio-economic condition of the com- will be provided to enhance munities, training in soap making, sewing and cutting, the capacity of the needy and vegetable farming will be conducted based on the people? needs and demands of concerned groups. 2079/10/18) 1. Design structures have 1. The design of the KDP road has been formally pre- Bagmati - 9, not been fully presented sented. The project will develop 4 lanes of carriageways Newar Tole yet. They should be pre- in rural and forest areas, and 4 lanes plus 2 service lanes 2/01/2023 sented before implement- in urban settlements. ing the project. 2. What mechanism should 2. The project should involve the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, be applied to involve the ward chairperson, and knowledgeable persons from the community in feedback? municipality regularly. The positive impacts on business The negative impacts on and tourism are expected to outweigh the negative im- business and other social pacts. However, any possible negative impacts on dif- dimensions such as man- ferent community groups during the construction phase agement Hat bazar should will be controlled by applying strict rules and regula- be mitigated. tions in coordination with all concerned stakeholders. 3. How to mitigate the neg- 3. Awareness programs for vulnerable groups will be ative impacts on the local held to preserve their culture and dignity. Joint coordi- culture and values of the nation with local bodies, security personnel, and the con- Magar community?? tractor will address possible negative impacts such as gender violence and sexual abuse. Child labor will be prohibited. An eye camp (Eye Shibir) will be launched to address eye problems in the area. Proper mitigation measures will be implemented to control dust and smoke during the construction phase. 4 What facilities are de- 4. The project prioritizes safety measures considering signed in this road? vehicle movement in sensitive areas. Various required design standards will be established accordingly. 5. Occupations of the com- 5. To promote agricultural production, hand tractors will munities that rely on agri- be provided for irrigation. However, significant time and culture and small business investment will be required for this initiative. Local peo- in the area. ple will be given priority in project work. 6. What types of trainings 6. To enhance the socio-economic condition of the com- will be provided to enhance munities, training in poultry farming, animal husbandry, the capacity of the needy and vegetable farming will be conducted based on the people? needs and demands of concerned groups.. The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Date and Raised Issues Response Responsibility Place 2079/10/19) 1. Design Structures have 1. The design of the KDP road has been formally pre- Lalbandhi- 6, not been fully presented sented. The project will develop 4 lanes of carriageways Tamang Tole yet. They should be pre- in rural and forest areas, and 4 lanes plus 2 service lanes 2/02/2023 sented before implement- in urban settlements. This project is also proposed to ing the project. meet Asian Highway Standard Road criteria with corre- sponding facilities. Pedestrian crossings will be main- tained. 2. What mechanism should 2. The project should involve the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, be applied to involve the ward chairperson, and knowledgeable persons from the community in feedback? municipality regularly. The positive impacts on business The negative impacts on and tourism are expected to outweigh the negative im- business and other social pacts. However, possible negative impacts such as gen- dimensions should be miti- der violence and sexual abuse will be controlled through gated. joint coordination with local bodies, security personnel, and the contractor. Child labor will be prohibited. An eye camp (Eye Shibir) will be launched to address eye problems in the community. Proper mitigation measures will be implemented to control dust and smoke during the construction phase. Any potential negative impacts on different community groups during the construction phase will be controlled by applying strict rules and reg- ulations in coordination with all concerned stakeholders. 3. How to mitigate the neg- 3. Awareness programs for vulnerable groups will be ative impacts on the local held to preserve their culture and dignity. Maintenance culture and values of the of shrines and motivational programs will also be con- Tamang community? ducted to preserve their community culture. Specifi- cally, Shanti Gumba will be maintained to preserve the local culture. 4 What facilities are de- 4. The project prioritizes safety measures considering signed in this road? vehicle movement in sensitive areas. Various required design standards will be established accordingly. 5. Occupations of the com- 5. o promote agricultural production, urgent physical in- munities that rely on agri- frastructures such as deep boring for irrigation and en- culture and small business hanced transportation facilities will be provided to pro- in the area. mote business. However, significant time and invest- ment will be required for this initiative. 6. what types of training 6. To enhance the socio-economic condition of the com- will be provided to enhance munities, training in sewing and cutting, soap making, the capacity of the needy wiring, doll making, and orientation for foreign employ- people? ment will be conducted based on the needs and demands of concerned groups. Awareness will be raised by pub- lishing notices on hoarding boards to promote the mar- keting of their products. 2079/10/19) 1. Design structures have 1. The design of the KDP road has been formally pre- Mithila M- 9, not been fully presented sented. The project will develop 4 lanes of carriageways Pushpalpur yet. They should be pre- in rural and forest areas, and 4 lanes plus 2 service lanes Tole sented before implement- in urban settlements. Additionally, universal public toi- 2/02/2023 ing the project. lets and park preservation will be included. 2. What mechanism should 2. The project should involve the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, be applied to involve the ward chairperson, and knowledgeable persons from the community in feedback? municipality regularly. The positive impacts on business The negative impacts on and tourism are expected to outweigh the negative im- business and other social pacts. However, possible negative impacts such as The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Date and Raised Issues Response Responsibility Place dimensions should be miti- gender violence will be controlled through joint coordi- gated. nation with local bodies, security personnel, and the con- tractor. Child labor will be prohibited. Proper mitigation measures will be implemented to control dust and smoke during the construction phase. Any potential negative impacts on different community groups during the con- struction phase will be controlled by applying strict rules and regulations in coordination with all concerned stake- holders. 3. How to mitigate the neg- 3. Awareness programs for vulnerable groups will be ative impacts on the local held to preserve their culture and dignity. Maintenance culture and values of the of shrines (mandir) and motivational programs will also Tamang community? be conducted to preserve their community culture. To preserve the local culture, traditional musical instru- ments should be developed. An eye camp (Eye Shibir) will be launched to address eye problems in the area. 4 What facilities are de- 4. The project prioritizes safety measures considering signed in this road? vehicle movement in sensitive areas. Zebra crossings, flyovers, and bus stands will be developed. Various re- quired design standards will be established. 5. Occupations of the com- 5. To promote agricultural production, deep boring for munities that rely on agri- irrigation will be possible. Urgent physical infrastruc- culture and small business tures such as deep boring for irrigation and enhanced in the area. Is it possible to transportation facilities will be provided to promote install deep boring there? business. However, significant time and investment will be required for this initiative. 6. What types of training 6. To enhance the socio-economic condition of the com- will be provided to enhance munities, training will be conducted based on the needs the capacity of the needy and demands of concerned groups. Local people should people? be given employment opportunities. 2079/10/19) 1. Design structures have 1. The design of the KDP road has been formally pre- Ganeshman not been fully presented sented. The project will develop 4 lanes of carriageways Charnath-6 yet. They should be pre- in rural and forest areas, and 4 lanes plus 2 service lanes Magar Tole sented before implement- in urban settlements. 2/02/2023 ing the project. 2. What mechanism should 2. The project should engage the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, be applied to involve feed- ward chairperson, and knowledgeable individuals from back? The negative im- the municipality periodically. The positive impacts on pacts on business and other business and tourism will outweigh the negative impacts social dimensions should in this project. be mitigated. 3. How to mitigate the neg- 3. Awareness programs for vulnerable groups should be ative impacts on the local conducted to preserve their culture and dignity. Tradi- culture and values of the tional musical instruments of the local community Magar community? should be developed to preserve their culture. 4 What facilities are de- 4. Priority has been given to vehicle movement in sensi- signed in this road? tive areas. The design will include flyovers, zebra cross- ings, bus stops, public toilets, and the management of Hat bazaars. Various design standards will be estab- lished. 5. Occupations of the com- 5. To promote agricultural production, deep boring will munities that rely on agri- be a feasible means of irrigation. Urgently required culture and small business physical infrastructures like deep boring for irrigation in the area. Is it possible to and enhanced transportation facilities to promote busi- install a deep boring there? ness will be established. However, significant time and financial investment will be necessary. The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Date and Raised Issues Response Responsibility Place 6. What types of training 6. To enhance the socio-economic condition of the com- will be provided to enhance munities, training in electrician wiring, bakery making, the capacity of the needy and plumbing will be conducted as per the necessity and people? demand of concerned groups. Dhanusha 7. Demand from Bhu- To enhance "Murgiya Khola" (previous borrow Dham mu- jel/Bote community area) with fencing and develop it as a pond or lake nicipality in Dhanusadham-9. 8/22/2023 The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Annex- 2: FGD Consultation Meeting Minutes The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road A Annex-3: Photographs of the FGD Meetings The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Annex- 4: FGD Checklist Kamala- Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Project Design Consent Statement for Focus Group Discussion Namaste! Thank you for meeting with us today. We are contacting you on behalf of DCID/WB/CIAS, Chakupat, Lalitpur. As a part of the project design CIAS has invited us to facilitate focus group discussion (FGD). We appreciate your participation in the discussion. We aim to understand your experiences with the KDP Road Improvement project and how it has contrib- uted to socio-economic empowerment and community protection amidst changing environmental condi- tions in the project locality. We are keen to hear how the KDP road project has impacted your livelihood. Your insights will help us assess the project's design benefits and ensure smooth implementation. Your participation is voluntary, and you are entitled to decline to participate at any point before or during the discussion. We will write one report for DCID/WB on this study, for which your answers will be combined with those of other people and presented in a summary format. The report may be shared after it is finalized. Your comments will not be attached to your name, so your responses will be held confiden- tial—although, we will be taking notes (and recording your voice) so that we can remember later what you tell us. Any information you provide that might identify you will be kept confidential. Feel free to ask any questions during our conversation. Your feedback will be used to understand the results of KDP project better, and will be used to improve the project design. We encourage you to be honest with us in your responses. This discussion is expected to take approximately 1 hour, although this may vary based on the group's dynamics. Do you have any questions before we begin? By saying “yes”, you are indicating that you voluntarily agree to participate and have had an opportunity to ask any questions about your participation. Will you participate in this research study? You may answer yes or no. [Note: consent will be obtained orally]. Yes, I am willing to participate. No, I am not willing to participate The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road FGD Checklist for Local Community DATE:......................... NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: S.N. NAME AGE GENDER CASTE/ETHNICITY JOB TITLE PWD YES, NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9 10 11 12 FACILITATOR: NOTE TAKER:…………………….. Participant’s response to introductory consent request: Will you participate in this research study? Yes No Do you agree for the discussion to be recorded? Yes No 1. Do you have heard about the KDP road improvement project? • If yes, what do you know about it? And how? • Are you familiar with the design and standards of the KDP Road? • Do you have any knowledge of different assessment like ESIA and RAP etc.? • Have you been involved in other projects with similar designs and constructions? If so, could you share your experiences? • What were the limitations or problems with the existing road before the KDP project? • Are you aware of accident-prone zones along the project section? • Do you know the causes of accidents in these areas? Are there any mitigation measures currently in place? • Which transporatation services do local people primarily use for travel? • What specific challenges do women, children, elderly, and disabled people face while traveling? What suggestions do you have for improving services, infrastructure, and management to ensure safe travel for these groups? 2. What could be the potential impacts by the project on your livelihood and culture? • What are the likely impacts (positive & negative) due to the Project implementation? • In what ways will the project impact the livelihood of the local community? The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road • In what ways will the Project impact local culture, values, and norms? • What will be the potential socio-economic (population/demography, education, income, occupation, etc.) impacts of the Project? • Do you think the proposed road improvement project will create any specific changes in society? • Do you think any negative impacts will occur from this project? • What are the positive impacts, and how will the positive impacts be promoted/enhanced? • What Mitigation Measures do you suggest for managing the adverse impacts? • Do you think any religious/cultural sites will be affected by this KDP project? If yes, what are they? • How will such religious sites/structures be protected? • Do you think the influxes/arrivals of labor force can lead to depletion of forest and linked resources? How can this be resolved? • How can the negative impacts of labor influx be controlled? • How can we prevent the likely occurrence of Gender-Based Violence incidents? • How can we control Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) in the possible changing environment due to construction activities along the road? • Do you perceive any cultural and religious norms and values will be affected by the changing environment due to the implementation of the project? • What is the current daily wage rate for males and females in the following works? For Males: a. Agriculture work, Rs.............., b. Construction, Rs.............., c. Pottery/ Loder, Rs....... For Females: a. Agriculture work, Rs.............., b. Construction, Rs.............., c. Pottery/ Loder, Rs....... • Is there a child labor practice prevalent in the community? If so, how much do they get per day? • How can we protect children from being exploited and restrict them from working as labor in the construction of the road? • How can we protect young women from being exploited by the outsiders? 3. What could be the appropriate mechanisms to participate in the project planning, imple- mentation and monitoring to this project by the community? • Which are the best groups to give feedback on the design, construction, and operation stages? • What kinds of physical design structures (footpaths, road crossings for people & cattle, underpass/overhead, culverts, etc.) for access would you suggest to place in the major urban areas and rural areas? Where (locations) and why? • What are your suggestions to involve communities in the monitoring of the construction activities? 4. What socio-economic and cultural practices are prevailing in the community to enhance eco- nomic condition and settle social issues and conflicts? • What kinds of income-generating activities are being operated in the community? What type of such activities are necessary to improve the economic status of the community? The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road • Whether the elder group of people will do it in this community? • Can the local authority or police be important to resolve issues? Why do people depend on them? • What types of social issues are prevalent frequently in this community? How are they solved (by the elder/community leaders or by the ward/municipality’s judicial council or the police administration)? • Do you have any experience with such project interventions before? • What are the existing Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) and practices in your society? How are they addressed? • What types of activities play a vital role in the economic situation of the community? • What is the role and dimension of migrant and foreign work and remittances to the households and society? 5. Do you see any appropriate training that is required for the community/society? • Which awareness trainings are required for the specific groups? • Have you been involved in any trainings before? • What further training programs are needed for the society. 6. What are the prime necessities to develop any physical infrastructures in the community? Do you think any physical infrastructures are required for the community? If yes, what are they and why? Why has the Hat Bazar become a tradition and lifeline of the society? How do this preserve and enhance? 7. Do you want to provide any suggestions for better implementation of the project? a. To protect religious sites and structures in your area (which one, where it is, location, importance, need to relocated or repair, etc.) a. …………………………………………………………………………………………… b. Access to the river, for religious activities and cremation site c. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… d. Religious trees and waiting sheds across the project section……………………………… e. The issue related to Heritage site protection………………………………………………. f. About road safety………………………………………………………………………………….. g. Rehabilitation of Waiting Sheds……………………………………………………………… h. About Road Crossing……………………………………………………………………… i. Protection of drinking water sources …………………........................................................ j. Irrigation and Sewerage Management……………………………………………………... k. Any other kinds of suggestions would you like to provide to the Project? The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road FGD Checklist for the people potentially displaced by the road 8. Potential Impacts: o What are the likely positive impacts of the Project for the potentially displaced community? o What are the likely adverse impacts of the Project for the potentially displaced community? 9. Compensation and mitigation measures: o What would be the compensation and mitigation measure for the adverse impacts listed above? 10. Livelihood restoration: o What would be the best solution for restoration of lost livelihood listed above? THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME! The Indigenous Peoples Development Plan of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road Annex-5: Grievance Log Form and Close-Out Template (Both) Grievance Form PART 1 Contact and Details Complaint number : Recorded by: Complainant details (Tick the box for anonymity ) Name: Category [community/ contract worker/ supplier/ contractor]: Telephone number: Address: Perferrred method of contact: Grievance Log PART 2 Description of grievance (s) Describe the grievance below. Mode of communication (written/ verbal/ meetings/ mediator): Date of grievance: Date of acknowledgement: Signature Recorder: Claimant: Date: Grievance Closed Out PART 3 Resolution Describe the steps taken to resolve the grievance and the outcome. Department: Mode of communication for reply (meeting/ written/ verbal/ display): Date closed: Signatures Complainant: Project representative: Date: