Multi-Sector Engagement Framework for Lagos June 2023 Image credit to Reginald Bassey under license by Creative Commons Table of • Introduction • Outline of the Framework Contents • Technical Details: 1 Note on Project Development 2 List of Identified Projects 3 Approach to Implementation 4 Short-term Projects 2 • Annexes Introduction Insert images Presentation title 20XX 3 Image credit to OpenUpEd under license by Creative Commons Image credit to ISeeAfrica under license by Creative Commons A Multi-Sector Engagement Framework for Lagos This report presents the key features of the multi-sectoral engagement framework and the List of Identified Projects for Lagos. The integrated, multi-sector, strategic engagement framework serves as a platform for development. The framework outlines clear areas of intervention toward achieving the development objectives of Lagos and contributes to the Country Partnership Framework of the World Bank. The development of the framework is based on the analytical review results and engagements with the client and other stakeholders through the first two activities of the Lagos Platform for Development (LAPD). This framework will serve as a multi-sector platform that builds consensus on assisting the government in improving its capacity and developing an operational roadmap over the medium to long terms for Lagos. The framework presented here also identifies short-term projects which can produce reap quick outcomes. The expectation is to inform future projects/interventions and financing of the Bank in the Lagos state megacity region, with the aim of realizing Lagos's potential for promoting regional and national economic growth and poverty reduction. The report presents several aspects of the framework organized around the following sections: the outline of the framework, technical details (which cover the note on project development, the List of Identified Projects, the approach to implementation, and the short-term projects). Also, details of the identified projects, including item-by-item descriptors, are included in the annex section. 4 The Challenge of Coordinated Implementation of Government’s Strategic Plans Government development efforts are ongoing with strategic plans but Various past & ongoing coordinated implementation is a challenge. projects: Spatial Development Climate Action Socio-Economic Development Plans Plan Plans Transportation (rail, water road) Climatic Action Plan 14 Master Plans Developed for 2021-2025 (CAP); LSDP THEMES 20 LGAS Lagos Resilience MTSS AGENDA 2012-2025 LSDP 2052 Construction of Shoreline Strategy (LSR 2020) Protection Seawall Community Electrification SHORT/MEDIUM TERM PLANS Intervention Structure Plans Across 20 MTSS LONG TERM PLAN LGA (20-year plans) CAP(2021-25) LSDP 2012- LSDP 2052 LSR(2020)0 2025 THEMES Preparation of Master Plan and Challenges in coordinating budgeting implementation Neighborhood Upgrade Lack technical capacity for catalytical intervention and financing Weak link connecting each program Rehabilitation/Maintenance of Landfill Sites Disconnect between Limited coordination on direction for capital Rehabilitation of Existing Master plans & Lower order plans project. Waterworks Limited involvement of LGAs in project (Local & Neighborhood governance plans) Unclear priorities and institutional mandate. Upgrade and Expansion of Government-owned Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) Annual Development Urban Local Plans Plan MTSS Provision of Low-Cost Housing Annual budgetary exercise plan lack spatial implication for investment 5 decision Government Priorities and Plans Lagos’s development objectives and priorities are outlined in multiple plans at the state and local levels around a vision of a resilient, inclusive, and prosperous city. There are 400+ key initiatives to make Lagos Africa’s model megacity, of which 72 are planned for 2023. Presentation title 20XX 6 Ongoing Visions The LSDP outlines a sectoral-based vision with a focus on four areas: (1) thriving economy; (2) human- centric city; (3) modern infrastructure; and (4) effective governance. Lagos State Development Plan “Becoming Africa’s Model Megacity by The LSDP builds on the State’s previous THEMES agenda 2052: A global, economic, and financial (Traffic Management and Transport, Health and hub that is safe, secure, Environment, Education and Technology, Making Lagos functional, and a 21st-century economy, Entertainment and Tourism, and productive.” Security and Governance). The baskets of projects presented in this document connect with the physical infrastructural projects identified under the modern infrastructure theme. Also, these projects connect with other infrastructural outcomes for the LSDP beyond modern infrastructure, where climate-resilience interventions help achieve urban-resilience goals (for example, a resilient ecosystem of open spaces for a human-centric city). 7 Ongoing Visions The CAP is a five-year plan for Lagos that aligns with the Paris Agreement and aims toward carbon neutrality by 2050. The plan is organized around four sectors: (1) waste; (2) transportation; (3) energy; and (4) climate adaptation and resilience. The CAP contains not only a broad, stakeholder-led vision but also four Lagos Climate Action Plan sets of visions, each organized around the sectors. Each sector contains sets of projects organized around actions and goals. “A cleaner, greener, healthier, stable, and more prosperous Lagos in a changing climate.” Several projects outlined in this document join CAP actions and goals with matching counterpart projects in the LSDP and MTSS. 8 Ongoing Visions The projects are also consistent with the visions for Lagos as outlined in the Lagos Resilience Strategy. The Lagos Resilience Strategy lists several goals under its first pillar, “Efficient City,” to improve urban resilience. These goals encompass physical infrastructure enhancements to transportation, water and sanitation, energy, and planning. Lagos Resilience Strategy “Resilient Lagos is an innovative, inclusive, and prosperous city that leverages the appropriate governance and infrastructure mechanisms to empower its people to thrive, adapt, and grow sustainably.” 9 Purpose of the Program The purpose of the program highlighted in this document is to provide a tool for the government to transform the strategy documents and the plans they contain into actual fundable projects across different sectors and brought together under the thematic umbrella of urban resilience and climate change adaptability. tool for the actual government fundable projects The List of Identified Projects has been developed to advance the outcomes of key government visions and strategies. The projects were selected for their alignment with the government’s objectives, as stated in strategic documents and plans highlighted earlier, and dependent on their implementation potential. 10 Multiple Stakeholder Engagement Processes The framework was built through multiple stakeholder engagement processes, involving more than 100 key sector representatives and experts. 98+ Projects 11 Govt MDAs 4 priority investment buckets for Lagos resilience Platform for Develop ment Task force 6WB Stakeholder Local Consultation team +IFC 20XX 11 These proposals align with stakeholders’ priorities for a "Livable Lagos" Clean water Air Affordable quality housing Solid Green waste spaces Local Pedestrian upgrading Mobility safety Circular Drainage waterways canals Source: Stakeholder Consultations. September 2022 – February 2023. 12 Outline of the Framework Insert images Presentation title 20XX 13 Image credit to OpenUpEd under license by Creative Commons Image credit to ISeeAfrica under license by Creative Commons A Multi-Sector Engagement Framework for Lagos The World Bank is establishing the Lagos Platform for Development (LAPD) as a programmatic Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA) comprising an integrated multi-sector engagement framework for the strategic development of Lagos. The programmatic ASA comprises three main activities: 1) Conducting Analytics: a rapid analytical review of the Lagos megacity region to depict its growth outlook and to identify key development challenges and binding constraints for achieving the government's development vision. The result of this activity was the Lagos Diagnostic Study and Pathway for Transformation; a diagnostic review report that provides a systematic analytical review and culminates with a set of recommendations to support Lagos in fully realizing its development potential. 2) Providing On-Demand Technical Assistance to the Government: to fill the knowledge gaps and provide policy recommendations for the successful implementation of selected areas under the government's short-term development strategy (THEMES); and 3) Developing a Multi-Sector Engagement Framework: based on the analytical results and engagement with the client and other stakeholders through the first two activities, the framework will lay out the priority interventions from key sectors for the short, medium, and long terms. The framework is outlined in this document. 14 Development Trends and Challenges in Lagos Six Key Development Trends and Challenges Lagos faces cross-cutting challenges to tapping its full development potential. Six key challenges are discussed in the Lagos Diagnostic Study and Pathway for Transformation report: 1) Lagos is central to Nigeria’s economy, but economic growth is stagnating while poverty remains high. 2) Lagos is experiencing rapid population growth and uncontrolled spatial expansion. 3) Livability is lagging, with a huge housing deficit, prevalence of slums and inadequate provision of basic infrastructure and services. 4) Development is taking place in the context of increasing natural disasters and climate change. 5) Buildings and infrastructure systems, together with urban sprawl, are major contributors to carbon emissions and pollution. 6) Significant investment is needed to close the infrastructure gap and upgrade to climate-smart systems. 15 Constraints and Drivers of Change Four main constraints are holding Lagos back from fully realizing its development potential. The diagnostic study also highlights four inter-linked systems that are currently holding Lagos back from fully realizing its development potential and its role in leading economic growth and poverty reduction for the country and region, BUT they can be transformed to become drivers of change: 1. Weak urban governance and finance systems to deliver sufficient housing and services to meet the demands of Lagos’ growing population 2. Ineffective urban planning system holds down sustainable growth and exacerbates informality 3. Fragmented land administration stymies affordable housing development, exacerbates informality, hampers economic development and limits revenues 4. A lagging business environment inhibits private development, productivity and inclusive economic growth These four constraints are discussed in detail in Lagos Diagnostic Study and Pathway for Transformation report. 16 A Multi-Sector Diagnostics: Development Trends & Challenges Guiding Government Programs and Plans Constraints & Opportunities Principles Vision, Goals, and Objectives Prioritization Process Strengthen Urban Invest in Climate-Smart Activate Land Markets to Support Inclusive Areas of Governance, Planning, and Infrastructure and Services Grow the Formal Economic Finance Systems Housing Sector Development Intervention Stakeholder Consultations 1.1: Strengthen urban management 2.1: Improve urban mobility through 3.1: Improve land administration 4.1: Support human Recommendations development of an enhanced through complete digitization of capital investments to and service delivery transportation network that is integrated regularization process and develop job skills and through governance reform, cross- and multi-modal and supports carbon sectoral digital coordination, and capacity building to increase improve labor quality emission reductions. technical and financial capacity 2.2: Develop an integrated solid waste tenure security; foster better and productivity. building. management system — waste planning and urban 4.2: Boost market 1.2: Support sustainable urban minimization; collection; separation; development; enable private competition to provide growth of Lagos through and treatment — through investment; and support more affordable access comprehensive planning, increased property tax revenue to goods and increase community-driven and climate- and investment, and capacity building. disaster-risk informed spatial generation. welfare. 2.3: Increase access to water supply and planning and development. sanitation (WSS) services and develop 3.2: Increase access to formal, 4.3: Provide support to an integrated urban water management affordable and climate- and MSMEs to access system that coordinates water disaster-proofed housing finance, formalize their supply; sewerage; stormwater through comprehensive businesses, and facilitate drainage; wastewater treatment; solid planning; increased private- enterprise growth What needs to be done: a coordinated waste management; and land use sector participation; innovative and integrated multi-sectoral approach planning. design; housing finance; and 2.4: Increase access to reliable energy to support resilient and inclusive through implementing policy reform slum-upgrading programs. development and prosperity and supporting renewable energy sources, such as solar. From Areas of Intervention to Buckets The Multi-Sector Engagement Framework builds on the key outcomes of the Multi-Sector Analytical Review of Lagos. In particular, the four intervention areas feed into the formation of project buckets. Together, the areas of intervention complement each other in the quest to transform Lagos and enhance its urban livability. The 4 intervention areas are supported by a suite of recommendations, initiatives and priority actions projects that have been selected from the government’s current vision and strategies. The recommendations under the analytical review are grouped under common themes in four project buckets under the engagement framework. The buckets contain projects that tie to the areas of intervention, as explained in the diagram below. Intervention Area 1: Intervention Area 2: Intervention Area 3: Intervention Area 4: Strengthen Governance, Invest in Integrated Activate Land and Housing Foster Economic Climate-Smart Markets Development and Planning, & Finance Systems Infrastructure and Services Inclusive Growth The projects support The projects support The projects support The projects support Intervention Area 1 through Intervention Area 2 through Intervention Area 3 through Intervention Area 4 through the creating modern, digitized identifying key improvements in policy interventions that remove development of key systems that ease planning and infrastructure for climate barriers in creating better infrastructure to support fiscal operations. readability and spatial housing and livability businesses. development. conditions. Bucket A Bucket B Bucket C Bucket D Institutional Smart Infrastructure Urban Mobility and Affordable Housing Strengthening and Service Delivery Spatial Development & Land 18 From Areas of Intervention to Buckets The buckets resemble thematic areas and have been identified based on the recommendations of the Lagos Diagnostic Study and Pathway for Transformation report. The buckets advance the outcome of the Lagos Diagnostic Study report by focusing on the recommendations, initiatives and priority actions identified for each sector under the four areas of intervention. There are four buckets, each addressing the challenges that the Lagos Diagnostic Study report identifies across the sectors. The buckets combine interrelated sectors (for example, solid waste and water) and act as umbrellas that seek to introduce the main development projects in select sectors. The buckets are as follows: Bucket A Bucket B Bucket C Bucket D Institutional Smart Urban Mobility and Affordable Housing & Strengthening Infrastructure and Spatial Development Land Service Delivery 19 From Buckets to Projects The buckets seek to fulfil the Bank’s recommendations along key technical areas and sectors. Bucket A Bucket B Bucket C Bucket D Institutional Smart Infrastructure and Urban Mobility and Spatial Affordable Housing & Land Strengthening Service Delivery Development Projects for institutional Projects here target Projects strike a balance between Projects here aim to increase strengthening aim to infrastructural improving urban mobility, which access to affordable streamline coordination and development, which includes includes establishing new multi- and developable land and create clarity among various undertaking comprehensive modal transport gateway hubs, drafting a comprehensive governmental parties involved planning exercises for Lagos while integrating mobility with housing policy, thereby covering in the delivery of urban State for the following technical land use planning through the following technical areas areas and sectors: developing a visionary and and sectors: services along the following coherent metropolitan-level technical areas and sectors: spatial plan. The technical areas and sector under this bucket are: Governance & Finance Solid Waste Management Spatial Planning & Housing Development Automation of Services Water Mobility/Transport Land Development Capacity Building Drainage Development Financing Climate Adaptability Energy 20 Approach to Development of Urban Livability & Mobility Projects The projects compiled under the List of Identified Projects primarily seek to improve Lagos State’s institutional capacity to deliver urban services, enhance accessibility to basic services, and meet urban infrastructural demands across different technical areas and sectors. Buckets are ultimately translated into implementable projects. Each bucket includes projects organized within baskets of projects. Each basket responds to a key urban challenge by offering a specific set of projects. Each basket captures those projects with a common focus, and which complement each other. The four buckets include 34 baskets. The List of Identified Projects was also developed based on the Bank’s technical knowledge and know- how, coupled with extensive meetings with the Lagos government to understand national and local urban needs. The list does not merely identify and combine the common projects among the governmental documents. It extrapolates, expands on, and refines them to perform collectively as a comprehensive urban livability and mobility program. 21 List of Identified Projects The Lagos State Government (LSG) is faced with serious developmental challenges that need timely action, as costs of inaction are high. The List of Identified Projects aims to support Lagos in pursuing the areas of intervention that the World Bank sees as being key for meeting the state’s short- and medium-term developmental needs. The List of Identified Projects houses 34 baskets of 89 projects across 12 technical areas & sectors The projects are key in achieving urban livability and mobility visions and targets. The projects are based on a selection and refinement of projects in key government documents including the LSDP, MTSS, and CAP, as well as other strategic documents, to identify synergies. Similar projects were bundled along common themes. As the LSG has embarked on a series of visions and strategy documents to address the state’s growth needs, it is well positioned to embark on the urban livability and mobility program outlined here. The List of Identified Projects has been developed with the government’s plans in mind as a blueprint that aligns with, and builds on, the ongoing efforts to realize Lagos vision for 2052. 22 Supporting Lagos liveability through multiple strategic spatial interventions The identified projects to be selected from City Center Revitalization the buckets can • Urban regeneration support • Traffic/parking management various • Street vendor management interventions • Public spaces development in Lagos to • Non-Motorized Transportation improve its (NMT) facilities management livability City-wide intervention Polycentric Development Functional Linkages • Integrated neighbourhood • Housing, infrastructure and development • Coordination mechanism basic/social services • Social services • Inter-city road/transit network • Transit-oriented development • Housing finance system • Flow of water, natural resources and (TOD) • Urban mobility development environmental services • Public transportation system • Electricity • Industrial value chain • Freight transport management • Water and sanitation 23 • Disaster risk management • Solid waste management Supporting Lago’s liveability through an institutional reform program But Lagos needs a program that combines institutional and system strengthening with strategic interventions to improve its livability • The selected infrastructure investments should be implemented through a program that focuses as well on institutional and system strengthening to sustain investments and magnify their impact. This calls for a Lagos program that aims to accelerate Lagos’s transformation into a livable city through a series of interventions coined with institutional and system reforms. • The program would be a multi-phased approach that pools resources from government sources and development partners and should also leverage the private sector for both finance and expertise. • It would build on insights and experience gained from ongoing initiatives in Lagos, and especially the lesson that investments alone—especially, if they are uncoordinated—are insufficient to achieve transformation of the city. • Most importantly, the program should entail several shifts: (i) from disparate sectoral. vertical initiatives in different geographic areas to coordinated multi-sectoral place-based interventions focused in particular areas selected based on agreed criteria; (ii) from a singular focus on investments to an emphasis on service delivery outcomes; and (iii) a new focus on addressing challenges that are common across different sectors/services and testing new models of service delivery. 24 How to Enhance Lagos' Liveability Through a combination of two means Institutional Infrastructure 1 Reforms 2 (ex. automation of Investments government services) (ex. roads) Successful uptake of investments is dependent on key institutional reforms which act as enabling preconditions. 25 Institutional Reforms: Preconditions to Investment Projects The enabling preconditions that need to precede the implementation of large-scale capital investments are reforms that tackle the key constraints identified through the multi-sectoral review At the state level, 6 types of reforms are critical to enabling investments that enhance livability: Governance reform: institutional and technical Land administration reform: i.e., development of a 1 capacity building to strengthen urban management comprehensive land information system and capacity and service delivery (e.g., cross-sectoral coordination). 4 building to increase the efficiency of land tenure and registration processes. Finance system reform: financial capacity building to support needed capital investments (e.g., technical Housing reform: i.e., development of a comprehensive capacity building to improve OSR generation, housing policy/strategy, streamlined administrative 2 strengthen the regulatory framework for PPPs and tools 5 processes and incentives to stimulate private sector to incentivize private investment, strengthen participation. management of public investments and expenditure). Infrastructure systems reform: i.e., development of Spatial planning reform: technical capacity building to plans and policies that support integrated and climate- support metropolitan spatial planning that is disaster 6 smart systems (e.g., policies for multi-modal urban 3 and climate-risk informed, improved urban mobility and mobility, integrated solid waste management, coordinated sectoral investments. integrated water management, comprehensive energy reform), and institutional and technical capacity building to implement systems. 26 Framework Implementation through Focused Interventions Infrastructural investments need to be spatially targeted and will require a combination of capital investments and local institutional reforms. This increases the likelihood of their implementation, increases their impact, and provides a model for the government to tackle multi-sectoral issues on a case-by-case basis in key urban areas. Cases of Two key urban areas are selected as cases that illustrate the application of multi- Place-Based Interventions sectoral place–based infrastructural investments: A green infrastructure program for Apapa A public space improvement program for Epe 27 Framework Implementation through Focused Interventions Short-term projects using a place-based approach are proposed for each of the two cases. Example 1 Short-term projects for Apapa A Green Infrastructure Programme The Apapa Model City Plan 2032 underscores the need to build a robust network of green infrastructure to address the shortage of population to open space ratio and provide for spaces of natural aesthetics. The green infrastructure programme consists of: A. Public Spaces Project Investment • Rehabilitate 6 existing parks by selecting a Projects combination of sector parks, linear parks, neighbourhood parks, and school parks. B. Street Improvements • Rehabilitation of 30km of inter-neighborhood roads. • Retrofitting 30 km of roads with cool pavement. • Upgrade main streets: equip with street furniture (shading devices, bus stops, planting trees, etc.) C. Drainage Infrastructure Improvements Image Source: Lagos State Government. Ministry of • Rehabilitating primary drainage channels. Physical Planning and Urban Development, Final Report, • Rehabilitating existing secondary drainage The Apapa Model City Plan 2012 2032, p.173. 28 systems that feed the primary channels. Framework Implementation through Focused Interventions (continued) Example 1 Short-term projects for Apapa A. Improve Parking Management Green Infrastructure Policy 3 Technical • Introduce new tools to manage parking and assist in Assistance Provision of planned the pilot application of these tools in two districts. for Institutional furnished and maintained B. Inclusive & Sustainable Urban Design Guidelines Reforms • Develop urban design guidelines that respond to public spaces for social, climate vulnerabilities and reduce GHG emissions cultural, economic, health which include bioremediation landscape solutions; and recreational benefits at the use of permeable materials to absorb and filtrate all scales should be water runoff; shade and cooling; and vegetation to demographically-driven to cleanse polluted air. respond to the prevailing C. Policy Recommendations for Legal Protection of Open needs of all age and Spaces • Develop a set of recommendations for legal economic groups at different amendments that safeguard the integrity of the time frames. open space network and stipulate development regulations around parks, lagoons, creeks, and Source: Lagos State Government, Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development, Final Report, The canals. Apapa Model City Plan 2012 2032, p.172. 29 Framework Implementation through Focused Interventions Short-term projects using a place-based approach are proposed for each of the two cases. Example 2 Short-term projects for Epe A Public Space Improvement Programme: The Epe Plan, produced in 2017, identifies several public space and road improvements as part of its planned actions. This programme will build on these actions to identify a suite of short-term projects that enhances the town’s liveability. A. Public Spaces Project Investment • Create a new central open space and a permeable Projects network of pocket parks. B. Street Improvements • Constructing 50km of sidewalks to create a robust pedestrian network • Retrofitting 30 km of roads with cool pavement. • Installing urban furniture at key locations including street furniture (benches, shading devices, bus Technical stops, planting trees, etc.). Assistance C. Embankment & Drainage Infrastructure for Institutional Improvements Reforms • Installing embankments along drainage channels. • Rehabilitating drainage systems along main 30 throughways. Framework Implementation through Focused Interventions Short-term projects using a place-based approach are proposed for each of the two cases. Example 2 Short-term projects for Epe A. Improve Parking Management Technical • Introduce new tools to manage parking and Assistance assist in the pilot application of these tools in for Institutional two districts. Reforms B. Inclusive & Sustainable Urban Design Guidelines • Develop urban design guidelines that respond to climate vulnerabilities and reduce GHG emissions, including bioremediation landscape solutions; using permeable materials to absorb and filtrate water runoff; shade and cooling; and vegetation to cleanse polluted air. C. Road Embankment Construction & Maintenance Guide • Develop a guide containing different construction solutions for embankments, Image Source: Epe Masterplan 2017, Dar, p.729 design safety measures, and periodic 31 maintenance plans. Medium- and Long-Term Focused Investments Investments beyond the short-term can focus on projects that in the medium and long terms of which the following are examples: Establish New Construction and Flood Risk Assessment, Digital Platform for Multimodal Transport Rehabilitation of Critical Management, and Inter-Agency Transportation Links & Coordination Gateway Hubs Infrastructure Build Truck Transit Parks • Construction of various • Rehabilitate interstate • Establish a Climate • Develop a database bus terminals across roads and critical Warning Observatory of infrastructure and the state in locations corridors selected by & Alert Protocols for utilities that are such as Agege, Abule- the Government Flood & Extreme Heat required to support egba, Ojota, Iyana including: Lekki-Epe, Events. urban development Ipaja etc. Gbagada-Apapa and management • Construction of bus • Develop multipurpose programs. shelters. truck campuses. 32 Summary of the Outline The engagement framework presented in this report demonstrates how the government can pursue its urban resilience and mobility goals envisioned in several vision and strategy documents as implementable place-based projects. This section indicated how the framework was developed in parallel with the World Bank's Lagos Diagnostic Study and Pathway for Transformation where the six key urban challenges were identified, alongside reform areas to address them. Areas of intervention were identified for each reform area. These areas of intervention are translated into thematic buckets: institutional strengthening, smart infrastructure and service delivery, urban mobility and spatial development, and affordable housing & land. Each bucket addresses projects in two or more technical areas and sectors. The buckets house 89 projects that are implementable in the short, medium, and long terms. A place-based approach for Apapa and Epe showcases how multi-sectoral projects can be introduced in urban areas. The technical details section discusses how the projects were selected and developed, presents the projects under each of the four buckets, suggests the pathway to implementation, and identifies short-term projects that can be rolled out first. The project details, descriptors, and linkage with current visions (such as the LSDP) are charted under the annex section. 33 Technical Details Insert images Presentation title 20XX 34 Image credit to OpenUpEd under license by Creative Commons Image credit to ISeeAfrica under license by Creative Commons Technical Details 1 Note on Project Development Presentation title 20XX 35 Image credit to S.aderogba under license by Creative Commons Moving Forward: Development of Urban Livability & Mobility Projects Identification of Potential Projects The preceding strategic documents identified several projects that will promote urban livability and mobility. A shortlist of actionable (proposed) projects were identified. The List of Identified Projects specifically: • refocused projects that are ambiguously defined, • prioritized projects that have the clearest connection with the medium and long-term targets of the LSDP, • redefined projects in practical and more detailed terms. Weight was given to projects that were essential in their own right and would act as catalysts for a wide range of other critical urban improvements. These projects seek to enhance urban infrastructure across a variety of sectors (construction of eco-parks, construction of waste transfer stations, road improvements, wetland restoration along vulnerable coastal areas, solar panel installation in schools, etc.). An exhaustive set of institutional strengthening projects were included to complement the physical interventions and improve governance and the government’s capacity to deliver its vision for sustainability and climate resiliency. 36 Moving Forward: Development of Urban Livability & Mobility Projects Matching Projects The projects in each bucket will fulfil existing government priorities. o Governmental Visions & Strategies: The multiple visions and objectives for resilient growth were sourced from several recent strategies and plans including: • Lagos State Development Plan (LSDP), • Lagos Climate Action Plan 2020-2025 (CAP), • Medium-Term Sector Strategy 2023-2025 (MTSS), • Lagos Resilience Strategy, and • Putting Lagos on the Pathway to Become Africa's Model City for Climate Resilience, presentation by the Lagos government and Boston Consulting Group (BCG). The LSDP was used as the catalyst to identify Lagos government’s priority development projects. As projects of the LSDP were organized as initiatives under four thematic areas (thriving economy; human-centric city; modern infrastructure; and effective governance), the following initiatives were particularly singled out: housing; new urban centers; transportation; power & energy; water & sanitation; solid waste management; and digital governance transformation. During the first iteration, a sector-based list of projects was developed from the LSDP. The projects were then cross-checked against the projects of the MTSS, CAP, and other strategic documents to identify synergies. Similar projects were bundled along common themes. Projects which had budgets earmarked in the 37 MTSS were prioritized. Supporting Lago’s liveability through multiple instruments But Lagos needs a program that combines institutional and system strengthening with strategic interventions to improve its livability • The selected infrastructure investments should be implemented through a program that focuses as well on institutional and system strengthening to sustain investments and magnify their impact. This calls for a Lagos program that aim to accelerate Lagos’s transformation into a livable city through a series of interventions coined with institutional and system reforms. • The program would be a multi-phased approach that pools resources from government sources and development partners and should also leverage the private sector for both finance and expertise. • It would build on insights and experience gained from ongoing initiatives in Lagos, and especially the lesson that investments alone—especially, if they are uncoordinated—are insufficient to achieve transformation of the city. • Most importantly, the program should entail several shifts: (i) from disparate vertical initiatives in different geographic areas to a more coordinated multi-sectoral program focused in particular areas selected based on agreed criteria; (ii) from a singular focus on investments to an emphasis on service delivery outcomes; and (iii) a new focus on addressing challenges that are common across different sectors/services and testing new models of service delivery. 20XX 38 Moving Forward: Development of Urban Livability & Mobility Projects To assist in aligning the identified projects according to common attributes and ease of implementation, they were grouped in clusters. This quadrant guides the thinking behind the selected projects. It EASY DEFINITION provides a sense of which projects are based on need vis-à-vis Quadrant 1: Quadrant 2: their level of complexity. Toward that end, projects are organized Projects are Projects are around two main axes: • easy to define • easy to define • A horizontal axis depicts the degree of ease (or difficulty) in • easy to implement • hard to implement implementation. Ease of implementation is informed by the complexity of governance arrangements (for example, number EASY HARD of ministries involved) in implementing a given project. IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION • A vertical axis depicts the degree of ease (or difficulty) in project definition. Ease of project definition is informed by Quadrant 3: Quadrant 4: existence of its equivalence, in the current governmental plans Projects are Projects are such as the MTSS, or in strategic documents such as the LSDP • hard to define • hard to define and CAP. • easy to implement • hard to implement DIFFICULT DEFINITION 39 Moving Forward: Development of Urban Livability & Mobility Projects The quadrants assisted in scanning the projects for “quick wins”. Passed Initial Scanning Did Not Pass Scanning Quadrant 1 Some projects selected lie in this quadrant. Quadrant 2 Projects here: • Urgent action projects: These projects alleviate urban challenges in the • Can be clearly articulated: But near term and improve adverse livability conditions. they're not necessarily urgent • Budget earmarked: These projects are already part of budget or aligned with the allocations under the MTSS. government’s vision. • Implementable: These projects require little capacity building to be • Implementation is complex: implemented. Mandates are scattered across different agencies. Quadrant 3 Some projects selected lie in this quadrant. Quadrant 4: • Medium-term priority projects: These projects alleviate urban • Projects lack urgency and are challenges and improve adverse livability conditions. marginal to the improvement • Budgets are not clearly earmarked: But they can be accommodated of urban liveability. upon introduction of a few changes or reallocations within the MTSS • Financing avenues complex. and related fiscal expenditure plans. • Implementation is complex, • Implementable: These projects require some capacity building among with mandates scattered across governmental cadre that can be simply delivered through training. different agencies. 40 Moving Forward: Development of Urban Livability & Mobility Projects Filtering Projects Projects included in the list fulfil the following criteria: Projects that were excluded from the list included projects that: a) have a clear contribution to improving urban livability and mobility in Lagos through measurable outcomes, a) had unclear alignment to the state’s LSDP b) are emphasized in various government documents, vision, b) unclear project definition and unclear c) have a straightforward impact on addressing the key outcomes, urbanization challenges outlined in the Lagos Diagnostic c) marginal contribution to key urban challenges Study and Pathway for Transformation, when compared to other projects, d) require a lengthy implementation process that d) can integrate with other projects in the technical areas and surpasses 7 years, and sectors under focus, e) Potentially yield a minimal return on investment in the case of infrastructural projects. e) can be implemented in a reasonable 5–7-year timeframe, and f) promise to cause highest impact on improving living urban conditions and governance realities in Lagos. The selection process entailed several iterations of selecting and filtering projects that have been emphasized across all governmental documents. 41 Tentative Scorecard: Preliminary Project Selection Process The following scorecard has been developed as an indicator of how the preliminary list of projects are selected based on their urgency, impact, feasibility, and benefits, among other factors. The scorecard can be used as a selection and assessment tool. Scale of scores: 1 = low, 2 = moderate, 3 = medium, 4 = high Included in Budget Implementable Availability of Impact on Social Total Visionary Earmarked (within Local Technical Urban and Impact Score Documents (under 5-7 year Capacity Climate (LSDP, CAP) MTSS, etc.) timeframe) Resilience Mobility and Livability Improves people's everyday experiences by enhancing the quality of life Built Environment Enhances physical infrastructure and reduces climate vulnerability Human Capacity Enhances capability of public- sector employees Enabling Environment Strengthens governance and institutions 42 Tentative Scorecard: Rating and Prioritizing Identified Projects Score scale: The following scorecard has been developed as an 5 = High confidence in readiness for implementation. indicator of how projects can be further selected and 4 = Minimal action required to achieve readiness for implementation. prioritized based on their readiness for 3 = Multiple actions required which are in progress. implementation. The scorecard can be used as a 2 = Mandatory actions have not started or been resolved. 1 = Major deficiencies and unallocated risks. selection and assessment tool. 0 = Status Unknown. Readiness of project scope and design Confidence in project budget and cash-flow Preparation of procurement and contract documentation Level of stakeholder engagement and approvals Dependence on external sponsorship Dependence on the completion of prior work Availability of personnel and resources for project delivery. Total 43 Moving Forward: Matrix of Responsibilities Several governmental ministries and agencies need to oversee the implementation of the projects recommended here. The following table outlines the ministries and agencies with a high-level definition of responsibilities. Bucket A Bucket B Bucket C Bucket D Institutional Strengthening Smart Infrastructure and Urban Mobility and Spatial Affordable Housing & Service Delivery Development Land Lagos State Civil Service Commission Ministry Environment and Water Ministry of Physical Planning and Ministry of Housing (MoH), Resources (MoEWR); Lagos State Urban Development (MPP&UD); Lagos State Mortgage Board (LMB) Waste Management Agency Lagos State Office of Surveyor (LAWMA); Lagos State Environmental General (e-Gis) Protection Agency (LASEPA) State Treasury Office, Lagos State Lagos Water Corporation (LWC) Ministry of Transport (MoT); Lagos Ministry of Physical Planning and Science, Research and Innovation Metropolitan Area Urban Development (MPPUD); Lagos Council Transport Authority (LAMATA); Lagos State Urban Renewal Agency Waste Waterways Authority (LASWA) (LASURA); Lagos State Physical Planning Permit Authority (LASPPPA); Lagos State Office of Surveyor General (e-Gis) Lagos State Civil Service Commission Lagos State Wastewater Management Office (LSWMO) Ministry of Finance (MoF), Lagos State Lagos State Ministry of Energy and Internal Revenue Service (LIRS); Mineral Resources (MEMR) Ministry of Economic Planning and Budget (MEPB) 44 Technical Details 2 List of Identified Projects Presentation title 20XX 45 Image credit to S.aderogba under license by Creative Commons Identified Projects: List of Projects Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening for Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land 46 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening 11 Baskets 24 Key Projects The key challenges in Institutional Strengthening exist in terms of governance; digitization; capacity building; and urban financing. There is a “missing” city/metro level within the governance structure to help plan effectively, coordinate land use planning with service provisions, and develop and manage urban infrastructure and services systems. This reality is compounded by capacity challenges within each unit of governance, which slows service expansion and hinders the quality of service provision. The projects under this bucket encompass baskets of projects that will improve the governance and project coordination among governmental agencies, including building staff capacities and adopting suitable instruments for financing urban projects. Digitization projects are included, given that they are essential for inter-agency coordination. Image Source: https://www.sunrisesoftware.com/blog/key- buckets-in-msp-service-delivery/ 47 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening Bucket A Governance & Automation of Capacity Development Institutional Strengthening Authority Services Building Financing The following baskets have been identified to address the key recommendations for institutional strengthening: A.1 Establish a Metropolitan Level Development Agency GOVERNANCE & A.2 Revise Scope and Mandates of State & Local Service-Provision Agencies AUTHORITY A.3 Framework for Effective Capital Planning A.4 Establish Protocols and Procedures for Inter-Agency Coordination A.5 Digital Platform for Inter-Agency Coordination AUTOMATION OF SERVICES A.6 Enhance Internet Connectivity for Sector-Specific Investments A.7 Capacity Building for Urban Service Delivery and Operation and Maintenance (O&M) CAPACITY BUILDING A.8 Develop Capacity Building in Climate Planning & Design Resilience A.9 Urban Services & Land Administration DEVELOPMENT A.10 Climate Disaster Emergency Fund FINANCING 48 A.11 Develop Financing Instruments for Renewable Energy Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery 12 Baskets 36 Key Projects This bucket has been created to house projects in solid waste management, water, and drainage. Infrastructure services provided by the government in both solid waste and water sectors face similar challenges due to rapid growth population. This growth currently outweighs both the network capacities and the government’s ability to provide enhanced services. For example, current solid waste capacities, such as landfills, fall short of the needs of the population. The analytical review finds that the Lagos Water Corporation (LWC) records a deficit of 65% of potable water network coverage. The public investments made in infrastructure have focused on the expansion of infrastructure in the absence of preventive maintenance works or rehabilitation of existing assets. Projects in this bucket aim to address the Image Source: review’s recommendations for infrastructural development, which include World Bank Photo Archives https://archivesphotos.worldbank.org/en/about/archives/photo-gallery/photo- undertaking comprehensive planning exercises for Lagos State for solid gallery- waste, water, and drainage, along with investing in new infrastructure to landing?qterm=solid+waste&x=0&y=0&lang_exact=English&os=0&rows=10 extend access to unserved/underserved areas and rehabilitate existing infrastructure. 49 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Bucket B Climate Smart Infrastructure and Service Solid Waste Water Drainage Energy Adaptability Delivery The following baskets have been identified to address the key recommendations in infrastructure and service delivery: B.1 Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Development of Landfills B.2 Develop a Comprehensive Waste Management Plan & Platform SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT B.3 Develop a Pilot Municipal Residential and Public Schools Recycling & Composting Program B.4 Capacity Building & Improved Institutional Effectiveness in Waste Management & Public Awareness B.5 Develop a State-Wide Comprehensive and Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) Master Plan WATER B.6 Improve Wastewater Collection & Treatment B.7 Flood Risk & Coastal Erosion Assessment, Management, and Infrastructure DRAINAGE 50 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Bucket B Solid Waste Water Drainage Energy Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.8 Reduction of the Built Environment's Urban Heat Island Effect CLIMATE B.9 Restoration of Critical Wetland Sites & Coastal Protection ADAPTABILITY B.10 Reduce Climate Vulnerability of Social Infrastructure B.11 Implement a Comprehensive Electricity Reform Policy & Increase Resilience of Power & ENERGY Communication Networks B.12 Develop a Carbon Footprint and Renewable Energy Urban District Program 51 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development 8 Baskets 22 Key Projects Urban mobility and spatial development improvements have been bundled under this bucket. The rapid urban expansion of Lagos beyond the state’s boundary is currently uncontrolled and highly informal. There is a spatial mismatch between the location of jobs and residences. This reality has resulted in Lagos's citizens relying heavily on road transport. Their high frequency of road usage coupled with insufficient transport infrastructure contributes to grid locks, incessant traffic congestion, and release of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Projects in this bucket aim to address the review’s recommendations for developing a visionary and coherent metropolitan-level spatial plan and promoting urban regeneration and Image Source: World Bank compact mixed-use development to counter urban sprawl and reduce https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/dime/brief/transport carbon emissions. This plan is coupled with comprehensive transport policies to improve access to quality affordable housing, establish new multi-modal transport gateway hubs, and provide incentives for the private sector to participate in these projects. 52 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development Bucket C Mobility/ Spatial Planning Urban Mobility and Spatial Transportation & Development Development The following baskets have been identified to address the key recommendations for urban mobility and spatial development: C.1 Develop a Comprehensive Metropolitan Spatial Vision & Plan SPATIAL PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT C.2 Develop a Resilient Ecosystem of Open Areas, Parks, and Gardens C.3 Spatial Mobility Studies C.4 Improve Infrastructure of Waterway Network C.5 Establish New Multi-Modal Transport Gateway Hubs C.6 Decarbonize Public Transport Fleet TRANSPORT C.7 Build Truck Transit Parks C.8 Investments in Selected Corridors: Construction and Rehabilitation of Critical Transportation Links 53 Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land 3 Baskets 7 Key Projects Proliferation of informal housing has occurred hand in hand with population expansion. The review attributes this proliferation to the shortage of well- located affordable housing options, given the high cost of land, mortgages, and rents. Housing challenges extend to the public-transport sector, where there is a spatial mismatch between the location of jobs and residences. The projects under the Affordable Housing and Land bucket seek to institute a comprehensive housing vision to guide urban growth in areas where it is most suitable and address the shortage in the supply of affordable housing units. Image Source: World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/dime/brief/transport 54 Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land Bucket D Land Affordable Housing and Land Housing Development The following baskets have been identified to address the key recommendations for the housing sector: D.1 Develop a Comprehensive Housing Policy HOUSING* D.2 Regenerate Urban Communities LAND DEVELOP- MENT D.3 Prepare a Study on Improvement of Land Tenure *Note: A separate housing project is being prepared at the national level, which would highlight physical interventions in the housing market. 55 Technical Details 3 Approach to Implementation Presentation title 20XX 56 Image credit to S.aderogba under license by Creative Commons Approach to Implementation A place-based, multi-sectoral approach to project implementation promises to unlock Lagos’s development potential and address its urban growth challenges. As mentioned earlier, the projects selected for implementation are based on a selection and refinement of projects in key government documents including the LSDP, MTSS, and CAP, as well as other strategic documents, to identify synergies. Similar projects were bundled along common themes. Once the proposed list of projects was finalized, these projects were clustered and aligned in two areas – Apapa and Epe. These two cases exemplify the transition from the identified projects under various sectors to a place-based implementation of these projects. 57 Supporting Lago’s liveability through multiple instruments The identified projects to be selected from Revitalizing City Center the Buckets can support • Urban regeneration various • Traffic/parking management interventions • Street vendor management in Lagos to • Public spaces development improve its • NMT facilities management livability City-wide intervention Polycentric Development Function Linkages • Integrated neighbourhood • Housing, infrastructure and development • Coordination mechanism basic/social services • Social services • Inter-city road/transit network • Transit-oriented development • Housing finance system • Flow of water, natural resources and (TOD) • Urban mobility development environmental services • Public transportation system • Electricity • Industrial value chain • Freight transport management • Water and sanitation 58 • Disaster risk management • Solid waste management Supporting Lago’s liveability through multiple instruments But Lagos needs a program that combines institutional and system strengthening with strategic interventions to improve its livability • The selected infrastructure investments should be implemented through a program that focuses as well on institutional and system strengthening to sustain investments and magnify their impact. This calls for a Lagos program that aim to accelerate Lagos’s transformation into a livable city through a series of interventions coined with institutional and system reforms. • The program would be a multi-phased approach that pools resources from government sources and development partners and should also leverage the private sector for both finance and expertise. • It would build on insights and experience gained from ongoing initiatives in Lagos, and especially the lesson that investments alone—especially, if they are uncoordinated—are insufficient to achieve transformation of the city. • Most importantly, the program should entail several shifts: (i) from disparate vertical initiatives in different geographic areas to a more coordinated multi-sectoral program focused in particular areas selected based on agreed criteria; (ii) from a singular focus on investments to an emphasis on service delivery outcomes; and (iii) a new focus on addressing challenges that are common across different sectors/services and testing new models of service delivery. 20XX 59 Focus on Place-Based Multi-Sectoral Interventions Details of Cases of Place-Based Interventions i A green infrastructure program for Apapa For Effective Implementation Identify & Prioritize Area- ii Based Multi- A public space improvement program for Epe Sectoral Interventions Example: Place-Based Actions in Apapa (An engagement framework for Apapa) Transportation: construction of i 3 transportation concourses of multi-model capacity Commercial and Industrial Activities: encourage ii the development of three commercial areas Parks/Public Lands: to provide 172 Ha of land for recreation and leisure activities, creating linear iii parks, pocket parks, and fishing areas, and upgrading existing parks and old amusement parks Flood Control/Drainage: intention t o ad opt iv Sustainable Urban Design systems Housing: the provision of 100,000 housing units over a 2 0 - year period, to be achieved through urban v renewal programs providing social housing within informal settlements Energy: proposed gas power plant t o be built t o vi generate 2 5 0 M W in Sagbo Koji, with other intentions t o promote solar and wind farms Water and Sanitation: provision of water vii treatment plants Proposed Path Forward #1 The focus is initially on projects related to three transport hubs in Apapa. Itun-Agan, Creek Road, and Badia Concourses Examination of the transportation aspects, Transit Oriented Development (TOD), and Land Value Capture (LVC) Opportunities Apapa Model City Plan An analysis of the Apapa Model City Plan yielded the following actions: Action Areas Path to Bankability Count Concession or PPP 1 Could be PPP 20 Reuse of land for zoned purposes 1 Sale of development rights/LVC 1 LVC mechanisms 1 LVC mechanisms/PPP 12 Private 1 41 projects distributed among four sectors. Path to bankability identified for 37 Apapa Model City Plan (continued) • No capital costs estimated • Many actions are within the remit of state-level or federal agencies • Not yet sequenced or prioritized Action Areas Example: Place-Based Actions along the Lekki-Epe Corridor Transportation: BRT: construction of 3 BRT lines connecting Epe, Ikorodu, Lekki free-trade zone, and Ijebu-Ode expressway. i Railway: extension of 2 green railway lines from of green rail line from Lekki Airport and the coastal corridor. Water: construction of 16 jetties at the Lekki-Epe corridor. Solid Waste: to provide 4 municipal solid waste management transfer stations to the municipal solid ii waste treatment/disposal location. Wastewater Treatment Plant: proposed construction of wastewater treatment plant near Epe Creek and iii Lekki Lagoon. Drainage (Rainwater and Storm Water Runoff: On the northern part of the Epe-Lekki area, the plan proposed 7 iv major drainage systems and recommended the construction of 22 main drainage system at the southern region for runoff water collection to the lagoon. Sector-specific investments were agreed upon along the Lekki- Epe corridors as a result of engagements between the government and the review of the government's agenda: 1. Transportation Infrastructure 2. Urban Infrastructure and Services (including public parks, street lighting, and street cleaning). 3. Opportunities for TOD and urban regeneration around the corridors Agreed-Upon Actions on Investments Example: Place-Based Actions along the Lekki Corridor Transportation: Light Rail: construction of 37 km length of rail, 32 rail i stops, and rolling stocks and depots. Waterways: construction of 7 jetties and 4 ferries. Road Transport: construction of primary roads (360 km), collector roads (245 km), and local roads (525 km). Road Landscape and Middle Sidewalks: to construct 5.6 million m 2 on primary roads, 3.2 million m 2 on ii collector roads, and 3.7 million m 2 on local roads. Example: Place-Based Actions along the Epe Corridor The plan identified 3 action areas (communities): Epe, Ikotun, and Eredo Epe Ikotun Eredo Bus rapid transit (BRT) bus 4 Primary school 1 Health center 1 stops BRT interchange 1 Secondary school 1 Bore holes Primary school 1 Health center 2 Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to be constructed and connected to central MP Secondary school 1 Fire station 1 Fire station 3 Police station 1 Police station 3 BRT line and stop 1 Rail MRT connecting southern 1 Levee Epe Jetty for ferry board transport Solid waste management (SWM) to be connected to TSN- 2 Action Areas • Additional descriptions and financial analysis needed • Not yet sequenced or prioritized • Some projects, such as WWTP and SWM, are connected in flow across the communities in the structure plan Technical Details 4 Short-term Projects What the Government of Lagos Can Do Today 20XX 69 Image credit to S.aderogba under license by Creative Commons Approach to Identifying Short-term Projects A series of short-term projects have been identified under each bucket based on the implementation quadrant developed earlier. These projects belong to quadrant 1: they are both easy to identify and easy to implement. EASY DEFINITION Quadrant 1: Quadrant 2: Projects are Projects are • easy to define • easy to define • easy to implement • hard to implement EASY HARD IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION Quadrant 3: Quadrant 4: Projects are Projects are • hard to define • hard to define • easy to implement • hard to implement DIFFICULT DEFINITION 70 Short-term Projects: Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening Selective projects under each basket have been picked to kick-start the implementation process. Bucket A Basket Bucket Justification Institutional Strengthening Code Code Governance & Authority Revise Scope and Mandates of State & Local Service- A.2 3 Low Cost, High Impact, Groundwork Project: Provision Agencies The revision of scope and mandates is key groundwork in →Strengthen institutions operating at the metropolitan level preparation for rolling out the identified projects. A good by operationalizing their mandate as service provision place to start will be with the Lagos Metropolitan Area agencies in a more effective manner. Transport Authority (LAMATA) and Lagos State Urban Renewal Authority (LASURA). Establish Protocols and Procedures for Inter-Agency A.4 1 Low Cost, Groundwork Project: Coordination As in the previous project, this project is part of the key →Prescribe a coordination methodology and tools to groundwork preparation. It sets the expectations and manage the flow of plans, contractual requirements, and procedures and gauges the volume of changes anticipated KPIs. from the identified projects. Digitization & e-Services Digital Platform for Inter-Agency Coordination A.5 2 High Impact, Groundwork Project: →A geographical information and management system This project is part of the key groundwork preparation. to employ the database proactively for coordinated Also, it builds on the momentum of current work program planning, delivery, and lifecycle operations and undergone by the government. 71 maintenance. Short-term Projects: Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) Bucket A Basket Bucket Justification Institutional Strengthening Code Code Capacity Building Capacity Building for Urban Service Delivery, A.7 1 Low Cost, Groundwork Project: Operation and Maintenance (O&M) On-job training can happen at several levels of →Deliver an on-job training program to strengthen implementation to improve delivering on mandates. A the technical capacity of urban service-sector kick-off training programme would be key to ensuring authorities. all involved are clear about the programme. Urban Financing Urban Services & Land Administration A.9 2 Low Cost, High Impact Project: →Conduct a study on Land Value Capture The LVC study will provide quick answers to how the Instruments and their potential implementation in government can increase its revenue streams from Lagos. land. 72 Short-term Projects: Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Selective projects under each basket have been picked to kick-start the implementation process. Bucket B Basket Bucket Estimated Budget Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Code Code Solid Waste Management Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Development of Landfills B.1 1, 2, 4 $450,000 →The selection and pre-construction studies for 3 new landfills. →Preparation of preliminary and detailed design, civil engineering studies, and operating manuals for a new landfill gas (LFG) $500,000 recovery system. →Feasibility studies for the rehabilitation of five existing landfills $800,000 Develop a Comprehensive Waste Management Plan & B.2 1 $300,000 Platform →Guidelines on the disposal of special wastes (construction/demolition, industrial, clinical, etc.) will also be developed under this project. 73 Short-term Projects: Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) Bucket B Basket Bucket Estimated Budget Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Code Code Water Develop a State-Wide Comprehensive Water Supply and B.5 1 $2,000,000 Sanitation (WSS) Master Plan →Develop a WSS master plan that identifies infrastructure network upgrades and recommended civil works, and coordinates plans between water supply and sewage management bodies. Improve Wastewater Collection & Treatment B.6 2 $35,000,000 →Rehabilitation of three existing sewage and wastewater collection and treatment facilities. 74 Short-term Projects: Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) Bucket B Basket Bucket Estimated Budget Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Code Code Drainage Flood Risk Assessment & Management B.7 2, 3, 5 $1,000,000 →Preparing a City-Wide Flood Risk Map and Measures for Assessing & Minimizing Coastal Erosion. →Preparing a Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment. $500,000 →Building new and rehabilitating existing secondary $35,000,000 drainage systems that feed the primary channels (design study completed). Reduction of the Built Environment's Urban Heat Island B.8 2 $25,000,000 Effect →Retrofitting of roads with cool pavement in the 5 LGAs that are most impacted by extreme heat, to reduce the urban heat island effect. 75 Short-term Projects: Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) Bucket B Basket Bucket Estimated Budget Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Code Code Climate Adaptability Restoration of Critical Wetland Sites & Coastal Protection B.9 4 $45,000,000 →Reinforce coastal embarkment and build new sea walls (identify key locations in need of reinforcing existing sea walls and construction of sea walls). Reduce Climate Vulnerability of Social Infrastructure B.10 2 $10,000,000 →Construction and installation works for retrofitting 20 schools and 15 health facilities with systems for flood protection & heat protection. Energy Develop a Carbon Footprint and Renewable Energy Urban B.12 3 $15,000,000 District Program →Conversion of energy source to solar panels in 20 public schools and 15 primary health centers. 76 Short-term Projects: Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development Selective projects under each basket have been picked to kick-start the implementation process. Bucket C Basket Bucket Estimated Budget Urban Mobility and Spatial Development Code Code Spatial Development Develop A Resilient Ecosystem of Open Areas, Parks, and C.2 1, 2, 5,6 $5,000,000 Gardens →Pilot the design and construction of 5 new eco-parks that incorporate urban agriculture as a key design aspect. $20,000,000 →Establish 25 new gardens based on best-practices for sustainable landscapes. →Launch Tree Plantation Program: Plant 50,000 climate-resilient $2,000,000 trees annually across Lagos. →Construct standardized interpretation signs at key parks $750,000 outlining general usage policies for the public. 77 Short-term Projects: Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development (continued) Bucket C Basket Bucket Estimated Budget Urban Mobility and Spatial Development Code Code Transport Establish New Multi-Modal Transport Gateway Hubs C.5 2 $35,000,000 →Develop 3 transit-oriented developments in Apapa. Decarbonize Public Transport Fleet C.6 1 $20,000,000 →Convert % of the public bus fleet to electric vehicles. A selection exercise will be undertaken to prioritize the selection of buses on the most used inner-city routes. A proper assessment of the fleet will define the percentage to be sought. Build Truck Transit Parks C.7 1 $15,000,000 →Create multi-purpose truck campuses that provide integrated infrastructure for vehicle inspection, parking, and cross-loading at key entry points to Lagos. A selection exercise will be undertaken to select 3 key areas that would impact freight operations the most and alleviate traffic. 78 Report Conclusion The engagement framework presented in this report is one of three parts of the World Bank's LAPD programmatic Advisory Services and Analytics. The engagement framework presented in this report is one of three parts of the World Bank's LAPD programmatic Advisory Services and Analytics. The purpose of the program is to provide a tool for the government to transform the strategy documents and the plans they contain into actual fundable projects across different technical areas and sectors and brought together under the thematic umbrella of urban resilience and climate change adaptability. This report presented several aspects of the engagement framework: (1) The Outline of the Framework: which explained the developmental focus of the framework. (2) Technical Details: which covered four sections i. Note on Project Development: The note outlined the approach the Bank developed for choosing, filtering, and developing the projects that translate the recommendations of the rapid analytical review and its pathways into implementable projects. ii.The List of Identified Projects: These identified projects primarily seek to improve Lagos State’s institutional capacity to deliver urban services, enhance accessibility to basic services, and meet urban infrastructural demands across different sectors. The identified projects have been developed with the government’s plans in mind as a blueprint that aligns with, and builds on, the ongoing efforts to realize Lago’s vision for 2052. iii.The Approach to Implementation: which was adopted in selecting the identified projects. iv.The Short-term projects: This section presented projects that are easy to define and easy to implement. The report concludes next with the annexes which detail each project. 79 Next Steps i Discuss the full framework with stakeholders. Prioritize place-based, multi-sectoral interventions and a Next Steps ii set of strategies for their execution across the short, medium, and long term based on the diagnostic, strategic assessment, and city infrastructure plan. iii Develop rough (i) cost estimates and (ii) coordinated financing and funding options (local, national, other multilaterals, private, land- based instruments, etc.) for the prioritized projects and interventions. Annexes Insert images Presentation title 20XX 81 Image credit to OpenUpEd under license by Creative Commons Image credit to ISeeAfrica under license by Creative Commons List of Projects for Annex (1) Detailed Projects for Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening 82 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening A.1: Establish a Metropolitan-Level Development Agency This basket aims to improve the governance structure of Lagos through introducing a new city-level agency. 1 Technical Assistance Establish a metropolitan-wide development agency or upgrade an existing agency operating at the state level to support coordinated service provision and land development. The agency shall closely work with the Office of Public-Private Partnerships (OPPP) to facilitate cooperation between the private sector and providers (MDAs). A.2: Revise Scope and Mandates of State & Local Service Provision Agencies 1 Technical Assistance Introduce a roadmap towards transferring some of the urban service delivery responsibilities provided by the state to the local level. Conduct a study on streamlining of service provision to reduce inefficient staffing and spending. 2 Technical Assistance Strengthen the regulatory and policymaking roles of ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs), including resource planning. 3 Technical Assistance Strengthen institutions operating at the metropolitan level by operationalizing their mandate as service provision agencies in a more effective manner (e.g., Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA) and Lagos State Urban Renewal Authority (LASURA)). 83 4 Technical Assistance Strengthen the institutional capacity of metro-level service providers. Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) A.3: Framework for Effective Capital Planning & Coordination Under this basket, an appropriate framework will be developed. It will account for the current organization of state-led planning and development agencies, which will allow them to supplement their existing practices to achieve: (1) continuous and meaningful consultations between stakeholders; (2) effective liaison with other government agencies; (3) accommodation of private investors and developers; and (4) appropriate dialogue with the public. 1 Technical Assistance Develop a framework that will prescribe how each state agency will interact with stakeholders to optimize the timing, minimize the cost, and manage risks associated with project development. The governance model will include a tangible means of recording and tracking important aspects of the relationship between each stakeholder, including the development of an action log that will serve as an official record of mutual commitments. 84 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) A.3: Governance Framework for Effective Capital Planning & Coordination This task will produce a policy note and procedures manual that will set out the requirements for asset owners and operators to disclose and share information on their programs and projects, including location, scope, schedule, and budget. It will also support collaborative efforts to avoid and resolve conflicts between projects and pursue opportunities to bundle work to reduce construction cost, time, and impact on the public. Finally, this task will produce a recommended hierarchy of committees and working groups that Image Source: Greta Rybus, cover image for the World Bank Group’s Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience will facilitate joint planning and coordination. 85 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) A.4: Protocols and Procedures for Inter-Agency Coordination The urban management team that will be engaged for the preceding task will also produce guidance on proactive measures that need to be taken to ensure seamless and efficient delivery of complex, multi-year, urban development projects. Specifically, the team will: 1 Technical Assistance Prescribe a coordination methodology and tools (which may include a coordination office) to manage the flow of plans, contractual requirements, and key performance indicators that will be generated through the planning, budgeting, and construction cycles of each key stakeholder. The recommended protocols will suggest the number of years prior to construction during which each type of capital project should be announced by its sponsor, the type of information about each capital project that is required for effective coordination, and the way each type of project, based on cost and complexity, will navigate through a series of stage-gates. 86 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) A.4: Protocols and Procedures for Inter-Agency Coordination The proposed stage-gate model will control the flow of projects and allow monitoring of interventions and coordination at different times. The model will permit an evaluation of strategic infrastructure and utilities that are essential building blocks for each project, early in the programming and design process, and confirmation of the scope and timing of construction to minimize impacts on other infrastructure and utility providers. The coordination methodology will also specify the procedures to identify and implement opportunities to bundle projects that can be delivered by a single stakeholder, and to either accelerate or delay projects to ensure that the overall sequence is the most efficient and in the best interest of the public. 87 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) A.5: Digital Platform for Inter-Agency Coordination Rapid deployment of the preceding initiatives to improve social, economic, and environmental resilience across the state relies on concurrent improvements in the policies, procedures, and systems used for urban management and service delivery. These baskets address relationships and communications to seamlessly bring together multi-disciplinary and multi-agency programs. In this final task, the consulting program will outline the requirements for a new digital platform for service planning and delivery. The major projects are: 1 Technical Assistance A database of infrastructure and utilities that are required to support urban development and management programs. 2 Technical Assistance A geographical information and management system to employ the database proactively for coordinated program planning, delivery, and lifecycle operations and maintenance. 88 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) Component A.5(a): Database Requirements The key tasks of a shared inter- 3. A geospatial methodology to plot the governmental database will be prescribed location (for site-specific projects) and with reference to operational systems alignment (for linear projects) along with the employed in other jurisdictions, including: start and end points of construction (relying (1) A typology of infrastructure and on geospatial coordinates). utilities that support urban 4. A methodology for recording and reporting development. all planned, proposed, revised, and final dates (2) A schema for project identification for each stage in the lifecycle of a project. to track every project as it progresses This task will include recommendations for the through the planning, design, acquisition of software, staff training across all financing, and construction process of state agencies, and recommendations for each public and private sponsor secure management of the system. (owner/operator). 89 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) Component A.5(b): Geographical Information and Mapping System The database will supply critical (1) Multiple layers of data that can be turned information to a geographical information on and off to reflect the needs of different system (GIS) that will empower decision- users, and which can be superimposed on makers to ensure that infrastructure and a range of base-maps including property utility construction and maintenance boundaries; road rights-of-way; utility projects are delivered cost-effectively and corridors; and future urban boundary efficiently within the context of a dynamic extensions. urban environment. Accordingly, this task (2) Ability to display the alignment of will produce recommendations for the proposed linear projects and the functionality and features of the GIS boundaries of site-specific projects. platform including: 90 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) Component A.5(b): Geographical Information and Mapping System 3. Ability to change map scale and future 5. Layers that alert users to conflicts between years to display the sequence in which planned projects and offer the ability to projects will be constructed and their simulate alternative construction schedules to implications for management of existing mitigate adverse physical, social, or economic urban systems. impacts. 4. Features that allow users to define polygons (e.g., neighborhoods, service catchment areas, utility distribution grids) for identification of impacts that could result from the location, scale, and timing of planned projects. 91 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) A.6: Enhance Internet Connectivity for Sector-Specific Investments This basket will: 1 Technical Assistance Expand the state's tech ecosystem by extending the ideas to be developed for the Yaba tech cluster into a broad state-wide investment plan, which will strengthen the infrastructure and utilities that support technology- intensive businesses and areas across the state. 2 Technical Assistance Develop a public-private investment strategy for expanding the connection to and use of broadband internet networks in public institutions such as hospitals, schools, and government offices. 3 Technical Assistance Recommend approaches for promoting the development and dissemination of open-data resources and improve e-government strategies that focus on easing administrative processes for investors, including a digital window for processing of business and development permits and approvals. 92 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) A.6: Enhance Internet Connectivity for Sector-Specific Investments 4 Technical Assistance Launch an e-Procurement platform. The financial capacity and resource management issues are within this as well. The platform introduces improvements to the financial sustainability of service agencies. 5 Technical Assistance Launch an e-GIS platform & e- Building Permits platform. Selected services for land Image Source: World Bank development will be automated under this project to https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/06/20/in-bangladesh- drone-and-gis-mapping-tools-come-to-the-aid-of-designing-disaster-shelters- speed turnaround of development applications and ease during-covid-19 recording and sharing of information for decision-making and spatial development purposes. 93 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) A.7: Capacity Building for Urban Service Delivery and Operation and Maintenance (O&M) This basket will: 1 Technical Assistance Deliver an on-job training program to strengthen the technical capacity of urban service-sector authorities, local government areas (LGAs), and local council development areas (LCDAs) to improve delivering on mandates. 2 Technical Assistance Build financial and technical capacity for the O&M of existing water supply and sanitation (WSS) infrastructure. 94 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) A.8: Develop Capacity Building in Climate Planning & Design Resilience This basket will: 1 Technical Assistance Develop an improved planning and design process, along with technical training, that will empower staff to deliver more effective services with respect to plan implementation, monitoring of key performance indicators and compliance/enforcement. 2 Technical Assistance Deliver workshops for state planners on the integration of climate change measures to enable resilient spatial planning practices. A.9: Urban Services & Land Administration This basket will: 1 Technical Assistance Develop a financial model for urban services. 2 Technical Assistance Conduct a study on Land Value Capture Instruments and their potential implementation in Lagos. 3 Technical Assistance Study the enhancement of land administration through blockchain 95 technology. Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening (continued) A.10: Climate Disaster Emergency Fund This basket will: 1 Technical Assistance Establish a Lagos adaptation emergency response fund. A.11: Develop Financing Instruments for Renewable Energy This basket will: 1 Technical Assistance Facilitate the development of solar- Image Source: World Bank focused (DPV) financing programs to increase the https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/africa-climate-business-plan/clean- availability of low-cost financing for developers in the DPV energy market. 2 Technical Assistance Create a Green Fund to provide low-cost financing for DPV-enabling activities. 96 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening Linkage with LSDP Projects • The LSDP contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: o Develop a digital-first and paperless framework, enabling cultural and operational change. o Enact policy to guarantee that small changes such as centralized website publishing are implemented first before more complex procedures, such as permits, are digitized. o Develop an open data platform for documentation, tax administration (filing, payment, etc.), and ease of accessing data or registries on a single website. o Deploy a centralized platform enabling government applications to securely exchange data using application programming interfaces (APIs). o Create a platform as a service to ensure agility, robustness, and security in hosting; developing; deploying; testing; and running applications, leveraging containerization technology. o Establish an execution team for digital transformation comprising technology practitioners and experienced civil service officials. o Define and set up a digital fund to finance digitalization efforts with private sector support. o Train civil servants with industry expert assistance to increase digital literacy so that they can lead and implement digital government . 97 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening Linkage with CAP Projects • The CAP proposes a governance structure for climate change management and administration, which is briefly outlined as follows: - Proposed structure of the State Climate Change Council - Proposed structure of the State Climate Change Forum - Proposed structure of the Secretariat • The CAP also outlines the roles of the state government ministries and agencies involved and compares their current staff levels with the estimated staff numbers required to implement the actions in the CAP. Linkage with MTSS Projects The MTSS contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources CAP Implementation 98 Bucket A: Institutional Strengthening Linkage with Indicators in Existing Strategies • Alignment with targets across the LSDP, CAP, and MTSS programs. LSDP CAP MTSS • Response time for ----- Ministry of Environment and government services is Water Resources reduced from 3-6 months to • No. of stakeholders trained less than 1 week. with good representation (150). • Increase foreign direct investment (FDI) flows by 5%. • No. of pilot projects executed. • No. of LCDAs covered (3). 99 List of Projects Annex for (2) Detailed Projects for Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery 100 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery B.1: Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Development of Landfills This basket will contribute, in part, to the reduction of GHG emissions from the waste sector, as it is the second-largest source (25.3%) of total GHG emissions. This basket will comprise 4 multi-site projects: 1 Technical Assistance The selection and pre-construction studies for 3 new landfills. These studies comprise environmental studies (e.g., groundwater protection, infrastructure requirements, operating practices), financial studies (e.g., capital and annual operating budgets, revenue projections, outsourcing, or public private partnership (PPP) feasibility), and impact studies (e.g., construction and operating impact management and noise/odor mitigation). 2 Technical Assistance Preparation of preliminary and detailed design, civil engineering studies, and operating manuals for a new landfill gas (LFG) recovery system, which will extract LFG and generate energy. 101 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.1: Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Development of Landfills 3 Technical Assistance Environmental, financial, and impact studies in support of the construction of 3 transfer stations, which aim at increasing the amount of solid waste transferred through stations, thereby reducing curbside collection and transfer costs. Number of transfer stations to be defined later. 4 Technical Assistance Feasibility studies for the Image Source: World Bank Photo Archives rehabilitation of five existing landfills to https://archivesphotos.worldbank.org/en/about/archives/photo-gallery/photo- gallery- improve environmental stewardship of the sites landing?qterm=solid+waste&x=0&y=0&lang_exact=English&os=0&rows=10 through expanded and integrated LFG operation. 102 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery B.2: Develop a Comprehensive Waste Management Plan & Platform This will be a state-wide, 30-year plan to guide government agencies in planning for solid waste management (SWM) under alternative urban development and demand scenarios. Technical Assistance The plan will: • Update previous projections of waste transfer and landfill operating capacity and lifecycle to account for alternative scenarios of urban development across the state and assumptions about the adoption of waste reduction, diversion, and recycling efforts that may be undertaken. • Provide operational requirements of the 30-year planning horizon. It will include a list of recommendations for immediate and long-term waste management priorities. 103 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.2: Develop a Comprehensive Waste Management Plan & Platform • Include a knowledge platform will be developed as part of the plan to provide authorities with operational information on collection routes; GPS tracking and verification of solid waste collection; calculation of collected waste volume; and reporting on infrastructure issues that impact operational efficiency. • Include guidelines on the disposal of special wastes (construction/demolition, industrial, clinical, etc.) will also be developed under this project. • Include plastic waste management initiatives: the initiatives build on the recommendations of the World Bank’s synthesis report - Improving Solid Waste and Plastics Management in Lagos State: A Way Forward, and include: • a governmental policy and business model for increasing plastic waste collection, and private sector participation in recycling plastics. • Enforcement measures for compliance with the State’s plastic waste management policy. 104 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.3: Develop a Pilot Municipal Residential and Public Schools Recycling & Composting Program The objective of this basket is to reduce residential solid waste heading to landfill and create employment opportunities within communities through residential waste recovery. Image Source: elmimmo via Flickr CC Technical Assistance https://blogs.worldbank.org/sustainablecities/new-phenomenon-realizing- economic-growth-while-cutting-waste-how This basket will introduce 3 pilot projects for at- source (curbside) collection and sorting of recyclable waste, composting for organic waste, and waste-to-energy solutions. 105 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.3: Develop a Pilot Municipal Residential and Public Schools Recycling & Composting Program The pilot projects will be delivered through 3 types of setups: • traditional public sector operations, • public-private partnership (PPP) or outsourcing, and • community-led, including engaging "producer companies" to set up recycling/reuse programs for their non-decomposable pack and containers. The pilot projects will operate within a prescribed period and will be independently monitored to ensure accurate measurement and comprehensive reporting. 106 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.4: Capacity Building & Improved Institutional Effectiveness in Waste Management & Public Awareness Technical Assistance This project is targeted at building capacity Additionally, public awareness campaigns will among departments concerned with waste aim to raise awareness about the importance of management. It will strengthen their segregating residential waste at source and technical capabilities and assist with partaking in recycling schemes. implementation. 107 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.5: Develop a State-Wide Comprehensive Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) Master Plan This basket will: 1 Technical Assistance Develop a WSS master plan that identifies infrastructure network upgrades and recommended civil works, and coordinates plans between water supply and sewage management bodies. 2 Technical Assistance Develop an investment portfolio for WSS infrastructure to extend access to unserved/underserved areas and rehabilitate existing infrastructure for more efficient service delivery. 108 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.6: Improve Wastewater Collection & Treatment The long-term objective of this basket is to improve the environmental conditions in Lagos, which include reducing direct discharge of sewage to 0% through providing wastewater and drainage facilities and infrastructure. To achieve that objective, this task will produce a strategy for infrastructure network upgrades and related measures ,including recommending civil works for: 1 Investment The construction of 1 wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). 2 Investment Rehabilitation of 3 existing sewage and wastewater collection and treatment facilities. 3 Investment Construction of 5 wastewater channels and rehabilitation of existing 5 channels to convey wastewater from households/residential areas (in a network) to treatment plants. 109 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.6: Improve Wastewater Collection & Treatment 4 Technical Assistance A public communications program that will accompany proposed system upgrades to ensure that users are guided on the ways in which they can responsibly use and sustain the expanded and extended wastewater systems. Image Source: Allison Kwesell/World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2013/04/12/water-sanitation-results-profile 110 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.7: Flood Risk & Coastal Erosion Assessment & Management The following studies are suggested to help reduce flood risk and enable management of climate-critical conditions: 1 Technical Assistance Developing a Storm Water Drainage Master Plan. 2 Technical Assistance Preparing a City-Wide Flood Risk Map & Develop Measures for Assessing & Minimizing Coastal Erosion. 3 Technical Assistance Preparing a Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment. 4 Technical Assistance Establish a Climate Warning Observatory & Alert Protocols for floods and extreme heat events. 5 Investment Construction of a network of primary drainage system in regions. 6 Investment Building new and rehabilitating existing secondary drainage systems that feed the primary channels (design study completed). 111 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.8: Reduction of the Built Environment's Urban Heat Island Effect According to the LSDP, the highest share of GHG emissions was from stationary energy. Residential buildings account for 21% of these emissions, manufacturing accounts for 23%, and commercial activity accounts for 11%. 1 Technical Assistance Preparation of Building Material & Solar Guidelines for New Construction. These guidelines will stipulate suitable materials that reduce the energy needs and material usage in new construction. The aim of these guidelines is to propose climate-friendly energy-generating options to reduce GHG emissions from building activity in commercial and residential areas. The project will also include urban landscape design guidelines to address decreasing the urban heat island effect; bioremediation landscape solutions; the use of permeable materials to absorb and filtrate water runoff; shade and cooling; and vegetation to cleanse polluted air. 2 Investment Retrofitting of roads with cool pavement in the 5 LGAs that are most 112 impacted by extreme heat, to reduce the urban heat island effect. Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.9: Restoration of Critical Wetland Sites & Coastal Protection This basket will: 1&2 Technical Assistance Identify 3 critical wetland sites in need of restoration and prepare detailed engineering studies for sensitively developing the wetlands. 3 Investment Launch a mangrove restoration & coastal protection program in select LGAs (restore sites, draft policy to restrict development). 4 Investment Reinforce coastal embarkment and build new sea walls (identify key locations in need of reinforcing existing sea walls and construction of sea walls). 5 Technical Assistance Conduct a public environmental awareness campaign to promote biodiversity conservation. 6 Technical Assistance International study tour to build capacity of personnel at state institutions in wetland management. 113 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.10: Reduce Climate Vulnerability of Social Infrastructure The following aim to reduce the adverse impact of climate conditions on schools and health facilities. 1 Technical Assistance Assessment of climate vulnerability of social infrastructure (primarily schools and health facilities) 2 Investment Construction and installation works for retrofitting 20 schools and 15 health facilities with systems for flood protection & heat protection. 114 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.11: Implement a Comprehensive Electricity Reform Policy & Increase Resilience of Power & Communication Networks 1 Technical Assistance Implement the recently launched Integrated Resource Plan (Dec. 2021). 2 Technical Assistance Establishing an autonomous and credible regulatory body to govern and oversee the implementation of the state-level electricity reform policy. 3 Technical Assistance Conduct a feasibility study for floodproofing of 42 affected power assets (power grid and power substations) and 44 affected communication assets. 115 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) B.12: Develop a Carbon Footprint and Renewable Energy Urban District Program Under this basket, a district-level program will be rolled out to supply energy needs in public buildings through renewable energy resources. Specifically: 1 Technical Assistance A rapid selection exercise will be undertaken to select 3 eligible districts in Lagos along with a mapping exercise of public buildings and monthly electric consumption rates. 2 Technical Assistance An energy strategy — the Carbon Footprint and District Renewable Strategy — will be prepared to calculate the existing district footprint and identify measures to reduce the carbon footprint through renewable energy power sources, specifically in public buildings (such as schools and primary health centers). 3 InvestmentConversion of energy source to solar panels in 20 public schools and 15 primary health centers. 4 Technical Assistance Monitoring reduction of carbon footprint and reliance on non- 116 renewable energy resources in the 3 districts. Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Linkage with LSDP Projects • The LSDP contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: o Build 30 transfer loading stations and purchase waste collection vehicles to ensure full state-wide coverage and timely waste collection. o Rehabilitate old and construct 3 new sanitary landfills and maintain standards to preserve the environment and health of residents. o PPPs to provide automated and digitalized collection, recycling, and waste conversion services. o Formalize, support, and incorporate small-scale informal waste collectors and recyclers to sort, collect, and recycle waste and expand their expertise in the sector. o Draw out a comprehensive waste management plan to guide actions and efforts toward achieving the set goal and to ensure availability of accurate data on solid waste across the state to aid proper planning and best-suited practices. 117 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) Linkage with LSDP Projects o Training programs and workshops for capacity building in waste management for operational efficiencies. o Enforce the implementation of waste management initiatives and environmental protection laws (such as blue box initiatives, waste-to-wealth, waste-to-energy, and extended producers’ scheme) to ensure appropriate waste management practices. o Implement sustainable waste management practices and promote information dissemination and educational campaigns via private-sector partnerships to sensitize residents on best waste management practices. o Update existing drainage masterplan to include tertiary and secondary channels and suitable urban drainage systems. 118 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) Linkage with LSDP Projects o Enact and fully implement the comprehensive Lagos electricity reform law to give more autonomy to the state in the electricity sector. o Set up an autonomous and credible regulatory body to govern and oversee the implementation of the Lagos electricity reform policy. o Develop a suitable regulatory, commercial, and technical framework to showcase the bankability of the Lagos electricity market and efficiently provide licences and approval for all players in the Lagos electricity market. o Enact and implement policy to minimize the use of electricity from distillate fuels by granting carbon credits for compliance and the introduction of carbon emission tax/charges for non-compliance. 119 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Linkage with CAP Projects The CAP contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: o Action 4.2.6: Implement waste separation at source and promote alternative uses for organics. o Action 4.2.7: Community waste strategies for underserved communities. o Goal 2 / 4.5.2: Flood-proof Lagos. o Action 13 / 4.4.4: Campaign to install solar photovoltaic (PV) systems at schools, hospitals, and municipal buildings. o Action 14 / 4.4.5: Develop policies that promote decentralized renewable energy generation, in collaboration with the federal government, to improve grid stability. o Action 15 / 4.4.6: Reduce emissions in the residential sector by promoting the development of energy storage technologies and incentivizing the deployment of micro-grids in off-grid urban communities. 120 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Linkage with MTSS Projects The MTSS contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources • Storm control and drainage management. • Upgrade and expansion of existing Lagos State Government-owned wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). • Carbon footprint: » Development of carbon footprint calculator for Lagos State to evaluate environmental impacts. » Deployment of the calculator into the public domain. » Stakeholders' engagement. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources • Renewable energy (operation and maintenance of existing solar-power system). 121 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) Linkage with MTSS Projects • The MTSS contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: • Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources o Effective and Efficient Waste Management o Waste to Wealth Investment/Health and Environment o Management of Landfill/Recycling o Waste Collection in Central Business District (CBD) o Rehabilitations/Maintenance of Landfill Sites o Construction of New Landfill o Public School Waste Program/Backlog Waste Collection 122 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Linkage with Indicators in Existing Strategies • Alignment with targets across the LSDP, CAP, and MTSS programs. LSDP CAP MTSS • (Recycling ratio): Increase • Target: Divert up to 40% of Ministry of Environment and proportion of waste collected residual waste from landfill. Water Resources that is diverted from landfills • Increase in volume of waste from 10% to over 45%. • 50% of organic waste collected and properly composted. disposed. • Increase percentage of total waste generated that is • Open dumping and burning • Enlightenment and effectively collected for waste reduced to 50%. advocacy/policing on solid treatment from 63% to waste. over 90%. • 20% of landfill gas captured. 123 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery Linkage with Indicators in Existing Strategies • Alignment with targets across the LSDP, CAP, and MTSS programs. LSDP CAP MTSS • Phase out percentage of • Target: 30% AD (anaerobic households practicing open digestion) treatment of • Increase length of the defecation. wastewater. dredging of primary and secondary channels to be • Increase proportion of • Decrease direct discharge of maintained. collected waste that is wastewater from 85.4% in • 140 drainage channels to be diverted from landfills from 2015 to 0% in 2050. constructed. 10% to over 45%. • Decrease use of latrines from • 4 WWTP's infrastructure to be 25.5% in 2015 to 0% in 2050. upgraded and expanded. 124 Bucket B: Smart Infrastructure and Service Delivery (continued) Linkage with Indicators in Existing Strategies • Alignment with targets across the LSDP, CAP, and MTSS programs. LSDP CAP MTSS • Increase quantity of energy • Solar PV installations (% Ministry of the Environment generated and distributed buildings). and Water Resources from 11 TWH to 100 TWH. • No. of new units. • 15 sectors utilizing the carbon • No. of employment footprint calculator. • Reduce average hours of opportunities created. power outage per annum from • Access to electricity. Ministry of Energy and Mineral 3,633 hours to 300 hours. • Access to off-grid renewables. Resources • Energy mix. • 300 schools across 6 • Increase percentage of • Grid stability. educational districts and 30 population connected to grid • Uptake of renewable primary health centers with and off-grid power supply technologies. renewable energy. from 60% to 100%. • Uptake of feed-in tariff. 125 List of Projects Annex for (3) Detailed Projects for Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development 126 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development C.1: Develop a Comprehensive Metropolitan Spatial Plan and Vision for Resilient Urban Expansion of the New Urban Centers This basket will prescribe the following projects. For each of these related projects, the immediate actions would involve the development of a single, transferrable strategy to coordinate urban planning, urban design, and infrastructure/utility network expansion and extension. The aim is to guide socially and environmentally prudent land-use designs and land-management practices, while also fostering conditions that are conducive to public and private investment in these urban areas. 1 Technical Assistance Resilient urban expansion for new urban centers. The multi-sector analytical review recommends developing a visionary and coherent metropolitan-level spatial plan. The government plans separate between urban growth and urban expansion projects. 127 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development (continued) 2 Technical Assistance Resilient urban growth: model cities, villages, and action plans. This project will dovetail with the Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development (MPPUD) sector plans for urban renewal under the MTSS. Four cities have been picked by the MPPUD to be developed into model cities. Nine action area plans are to be prepared, including a few comprehensive and regional plans. Additionally, villages cut off from surrounding development are slated for reintegration under village guide plans. 3 Technical Assistance Reassessment of the existing spatial planning hierarchies used by the MPPUD for legal and operational overlaps in terms of jurisdiction boundaries and alignment of spatial strategies, among others (namely the regional; master; model city; action-area plans; and development guide plans for excised villages). 4 Technical Assistance Conduct pre-feasibility/location studies for the proposed new urban districts under the LSDP 2052. 128 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development (continued) 5 Technical Assistance Review the new Epe City Master Plan to ensure the cost- effective integration of resilient land-use designs and densities with modern approaches to life-cycle operation and maintenance of infrastructure and utilities. The master plan’s purpose is to position Epe as an entertainment hub, including an international media city built around supporting infrastructure. 6 Technical Assistance Review the Badagry City Master Plan and lower order plans to ensure the same pragmatic integration of climate and resilient measures with public and private development strategies and operating practices. The master plan’s purpose is to position Badagry as a trade and logistics hub, detailing the land and infrastructure requirements to support a new seaport and free economic trade zone. 7 Technical Assistance Support ongoing review and update of the Lekki Comprehensive Master Plan (2013-2033), including establishing a BRT and growth corridor along the Lekki-Epe Expressway. 129 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development (continued) 8 Technical Assistance Strengthen the Yaba tech cluster* by recommending planning, design, and construction strategies and methods that will enhance the national profile of the cluster along with increasing the availability of real estate for new and growing start-ups. *The Yaba tech cluster is a technological hub created by the Lagos Government and aspires to become West Africa's largest tech hub. It is being developed in partnership with key Silicon Valley companies. Image Source: World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2021/09/22/disrupti ve-technologies-for-development-dt4d-unleashing- innovation-in-developing-countries 130 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development (continued) C.2: Develop a Resilient Ecosystem of Open Areas, Parks, and Gardens This basket will aim at reducing urban carbon emissions and improving air quality while enhancing quality of life. To achieve this aim, this component will focus on the provision of a viable approach for public and private investments in a resilient ecosystem of open areas, parks, and gardens. Specifically, this basket will: 1 InvestmentPilot the design and construction of 5 new eco-parks that incorporate urban agriculture as a key design aspect. 2 InvestmentEstablish 25 new gardens based on best-practices for sustainable landscapes. 3 Technical Assistance Develop new standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the management and maintenance of open spaces, parks, and gardens. 131 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development (continued) C.2: Develop a Resilient Ecosystem of Open Areas, Parks, and Gardens 4 Technical Assistance Preparation of urban landscape design guidelines for resilient public spaces (including urban planting guidelines that outline planting schemes for open spaces, shading and cooling in parks and gardens, and planting along major motorways, neighborhood streets, and sidewalks). This will also highlight ideas to incorporate “universal access design elements.” 5 Investment Launch Tree Plantation Program: Plant 50,000 climate-resilient trees annually across Lagos. 6 InvestmentConstruct standardized interpretation signs at key parks outlining general usage policies for the public. 132 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development (continued) C.3: Spatial Mobility Studies 1 Comprehensive multi-modal urban mobility plan that considers the waterway, train, and road networks; public transport; and non-motorized modes of transport into an integrated system 2 Conduct a non-motorized study. C.4: Improve Infrastructure of Waterway Network 1 Prepare a waterway transport enhancement study to: (1) collect data on existing waterway routes; passenger and freight capacity; ridership patterns; passenger Image Source: World Bank https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/07/08/better-inland- profiles; and route connectivity, and (2) identify new waterways-leading-to-more-domestic-and-regional-connectivity routes in terms of their location; projected capacity; ridership; and connectivity with existing water and ground transport network. 133 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development (continued) C.5: Establish New Multi-Modal Transport Gateway Hubs 1 Technical Assistance Develop a financial model for the construction and operation for transport hubs through PPPs. Through these hubs, BRT lines converge with interstate buses, and private passengers are provided with a park- and-ride service. 2 Investment Develop 3 transit-oriented developments in Apapa. C.6: Decarbonize Public Transport Fleet 1 Investment Convert XX% of the public bus fleet to electric vehicles. A selection exercise will be undertaken to prioritize the selection of buses on the most used inner-city routes. A proper assessment of the fleet will define the percentage to be sought. 134 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development (continued) C.7: Build Truck Transit Parks 1 Investment Create multi-purpose truck campuses that provide integrated infrastructure for vehicle inspection, parking, and cross-loading at key entry points to Lagos. A selection exercise will be undertaken to select 3 key areas that would impact freight operations the most and alleviate traffic. C.8: Investments in Selected Corridors: Construction and Rehabilitation of Critical Transportation Links 1 Investment Rehabilitate interstate roads and critical corridors selected by the government, including the Lekki-Epe and Gbagada-Apapa corridors. 135 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development Linkage with LSDP Projects • The LSDP contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: • Expand water routes: Complete the creation of the proposed 18 additional water routes. • Update the Lagos State Strategic Transport Master Plan (STMP) to cover new urban areas, timelines, and economic expansions. • PPPs to build and maintain transportation infrastructure through concession, build-operate-transfer model, etc. PPPs also to operate lines and provide digitized transportation services such as e- ticketing/payment platforms, real-time traffic, and route information. Linkage with CAP Projects The CAP contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: • Goal 5 / 4.5.5: Developing an adaptive and resilient transport network. • Action 12 / 4.3.8: Encourage the shift of freight from road to rail. 136 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development Linkage with MTSS Projects • The MTSS contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: • Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development o To develop new, world-class, urban centers to optimize land use and evenly distribute economic and living activity across Lagos State: • Preparation of plan (model city, master plans). • Preparation and provision of schemes for village excision. • Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources • Decarbonization of Lagos State Transport Sector; promoting the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquified natural gas (LNG) for Transportation. 137 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development (continued) Linkage with MTSS Projects • The MTSS contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: • Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources o Improved air quality for healthy living of citizenry through aggressive tree planting and maintenance. o Monitoring of landscaped and beautified sites within the state. o Update of the Lagos State Wetlands Study Field Report 2009 and Review of the Draft Policy on Wetland Management and Conservation of its Biodiversity 2016. 138 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development Linkage with Indicators in Existing Strategies • Alignment with targets across the LSDP, CAP and MTSS programs. LSDP MTSS (continued) MTSS • Reduce pollutants in air from 68 Ministry of the Environment and • 800,000 Lagos ug/m3 to 10 ug/m3. Align with Water Resources citizens expected to visit and World Health Organization • 50% improvement in aesthetic access all facilities in the parks (WHO) standard. and proper maintenance of for event purposes. beautified sites in the state. • 154,909 plant seedlings to be • 14 new open spaces for the propagated. public. Ministry of Physical Planning and • 10 parks to be maintained. Urban Development • 200 gardens to be maintained. • >90% of all new developments • Plant 1 million trees by 2025. in line with approved regional plan. 139 Bucket C: Urban Mobility and Spatial Development Linkage with Indicators in Existing Strategies • Alignment with targets across the LSDP, CAP, and MTSS programs. LSDP CAP MTSS • Proportion ratio of transport • 52% of buses are electric. Ministry of Energy and Mineral modes used by commuters on Resources a daily basis (road: rail: water). • 80% mode shift from private • 100% sensitization on the use cars to BRT. of CNG, LNG for • Reduce average daily hours transportation completed. spent in traffic to less than 1 • 2% of trips by privately owned hour. cars. 140 List of Projects Annex for (4) Detailed Projects for Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land 141 Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land D.1: Develop a Comprehensive Housing Policy This basket will prescribe the following suite of projects to roll out a multifaceted housing policy. 1 Technical Assistance Launch a study to develop housing growth areas (HGAs) & housing subsidy scheme. 2 Technical Assistance Review legislation for housing to provide developer incentives for affordable housing. Image Source: Denis Mukundi / World Bank 3 Technical Assistance Develop 3 state-specific https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/kenya-needs-2- million-more-low-income-homes-building-them-would-boost-its-economic- business models for affordable housing. growth 4 Investment Support onsite housing programs for informal slum settlements. 142 Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land (continued) D.2: Regenerate Urban Communities 1 Technical Assistance Conduct an urban regeneration feasibility study for 3 communities: (1) Ifelodun-Ijora-Badiya community, (2) Shomolu-Bariga, and (3) Bariga-Ilaje to explore options for enhancing infrastructure and livability. 2 InvestmentImplement infrastructure upgrades in the 3 communities per the outcome of the regeneration and feasibility study. D.3: Prepare a Study on Improvement of Land Tenure 1 Technical Assistance The study should explore avenues of strengthening the state's land administration system and increasing tenure security through a pilot land tenure study in 5 LGAs. 143 Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land Linkage with LSDP Projects • The LSDP contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: • Create a resilient and equitable housing market by increasing the share of formal housing to ~70%, in line with leading peers. • Introduce inclusionary housing policy as an instrument to create mixed-tenure, mixed-income developments and increase the number of affordable housing units. • Require a minimum of 30% to 50% affordable housing on-site of new development sites with off-site provision in exceptional cases. • Strengthen enforcement of the Lagos State Tenancy Law 2020 to increase access and improve the affordability of housing in the state. • Incentivise relocation of slum-dwellers to new social housing developments by providing better access to public goods, such as housing, schools, hospitals, and recreational parks, in the new districts. 144 Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land (continued) Linkage with LSDP Projects • Consolidate and scale up existing subsidised housing plans, such as Lagos HOMS, Rent-to-Own scheme, and Lagos Affordable Public Housing, to increase housing delivery to >100,000 housing units annually. • Engage with financial institutions and developers to create viable financing models for low- and middle-income home ownership (including rent-to-own schemes). • Engage development partners and real estate developers to facilitate the increase of low-cost housing construction methods and materials to increase access to affordable housing in the state. • Create affordable housing investment vehicles to facilitate market-based and/or institutional investment in the sector. 145 Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land Linkage with CAP Projects The CAP contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: • Goal 4 / 23: Social inclusion of vulnerable groups: Increase access to affordable housing. Linkage with MTSS Projects • The MTSS contains the following projects that are related to this bucket: • Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development o Increase housing provision 146 Bucket D: Affordable Housing and Land Linkage with Indicators in Existing Strategies • Alignment with targets across the LSDP, CAP, and MTSS programs. LSDP CAP MTSS • Increase percentage of formal • Identification of priority Ministry of Physical Planning housing: increase share of housing areas; allocation of and Urban Development units built from 25% to 75%. funding; and percentage of • Relocation of Okobaba • Reduce amount spent on affordable houses. sawmill to Agbowa, and rental housing divided by external works in the disposable income from 157% resettlement housing scheme to 32%. at Timberville, Agbowa-Ikosi. • Increase the annual house building rate to 150,000 – 200,000 units. 147 List of Projects for Acknowledgement and Disclaimer 148 Multi-Sector Engagement Framework for Lagos Photo on front page: Image credit to Reginald Bassey licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Image is partially cropped and available here. This report was developed with financial support from SURGE. Acknowledgment Statement: This report has been prepared by the World Bank in consultation with relevant agencies of the Lagos State Government. The World Bank has been requested by the Government of Lagos for technical and analytical assistance, with a vision of transforming Lagos into a more livable and prosperous megacity. This report is part of The World Bank’s financed technical assistance “Lagos Platform for Development” which focuses on analytical work in the areas of strategic urban planning to foster an economically diverse and viable metropolitan area with emphasis to improve the operations and governance of urban services. This activity was supported by SURGE, a World Bank managed Umbrella Program financed by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), aimed at enabling cities and regions in developing countries to function as drivers of sustainable and inclusive economic development. 149 Disclaimer: The findings, analysis and conclusions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of any individual partner organization of The World Bank, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. Although the World Bank, SURGE, and SECO make reasonable efforts to ensure all the information presented in this document is correct, its accuracy and integrity cannot be guaranteed. Use of any data or information from this document is at the user’s own risk and under no circumstances shall the World Bank, GFDRR or any of its partners be liable for any loss, damage, liability or expense incurred or suffered which is claimed to result from reliance on the data contained in this document. The boundaries, colors, denomination, and other information shown in any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The report reflects information available up to June 30, 2023. 150 151