Image credit to Reginald Bassey under license by Creative Commons Lagos Platform for Development Insert image of Lagos Multi-Sector Analytical Review and Engagement Framework Overview Lagos Platform for Development: Overview and Objectives 2 OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES Why is a platform for development needed for Lagos? LOW LIVABILITY AND GAPS IN INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES 01 WHY A PREVIOUS LAGOS EFFORTS: P L AT F O R M F O R WHY? 02 (THEMES,LSDP) D E V E LO P M E N T ? 03 NEED OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TOOL THAT COORDINATES NEEDED INVESTMENTS AND POLICY REFORMS 3 OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES Why is a platform for development needed for Lagos? Lagos is doing poorly in all indicators of livability and services While Lagos is the largest and fastest growing Heavy reliance on road transport (98%) and insufficient state (3.2% state population AAGR compared to transport infrastructure result in commuters spending 2.6% national pop AAGR), it is ranked among the an average of 4 hours daily in traffic. lowest cities in the world for livability. Only 35% of the population has access to the public Only 14% of households receive steady, reliable water supply; only 5% is connected to the public supply of electricity (>8 hours per day). sewerage system. Housing deficit of ~3.3 million units, with 50-75% of Waste collection rate is 20-30% and only 13% of the population living in informal housing. recyclable waste is recycled. Dumpsites, most notably the Olusosun site, are far overloaded. The city is at high risk of river and urban flood and highly exposed to coastal erosion, with flood Buildings, transportation and the waste sector are major damages estimated to cost almost $4 billion each contributors to GHG emissions while improper solid year and coastal damage estimated at approx. $1.7 waste/plastic disposal is the main source of air pollution, billion each year. contributing 32% of particulate matter (PM2.5). A multi-sector diagnostic and transformation strategy are needed to identify and prioritize infrastructure gaps as well as needed policy reforms. 4 OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES Why is a platform for development needed for Lagos? Government-led efforts need to move from vision to implementation T H E M E S • The THEMES agenda outlines short-term concepts to address some 21ST CENTURY CITY ENTERTAINMENT & TRANSPORTATION MAKING LAGOS A MANAGEMENT & binding constraints hindering development in Lagos. ENVIRONMENT GOVERNANCE EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY • The Lagos State Development Plan-LSDP (2012-2025) and the recently SECURITY & HEALTH & launched LSDP 2022-2052 put forward vision and mission of the city. TOURISM TRAFFIC • Both THEMES and LSDP are more visionary which is why there is an urgent need of committing to urban transformation that involves concrete planning, policy reforms and investment actions. • The LSDP provides a set of 417 initiatives and 77 capital projects to make Lagos Africa’s model mega city, of which 72 planned for 2023. • Numerous policies exist to help achieve the priorities under the LSDP (e.g., THEMES agenda, Lagos Resilience Strategy (2020), Lagos Climate Action Plan, local spatial and sectoral plans), but actions need to be prioritized and spatially coordinated, and implementable projects need to be identified. 5 OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES Why is a platform for development needed for Lagos? A multi-disciplinary tool is needed to coordinate investments and policy reforms • Tackling Lagos’ urban planning challenges will require an integrated and multisectoral response. • The response needs a capital investment plan, with clear prioritization and identification of financing sources. • Opportunity to create a new place-based vision for a more creative, green, inclusive, and resilient model of economic growth. 6 OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES What is the Lagos Platform for Development? LONG-TERM VISION STRATEGIC MEDIUM-TERM MULTI-DISCIPLINARY IMPLEMENTATION ADAPTABLE Multi-disciplinary 01 02 strategic platform to technically support the What is the Lagos 03 urban and economic SECTORAL AND Platform for WHAT? 04 PLACE-BASED FOCUS transformation of Lagos through a long-term Development? shared vision, capital 08 05 investment planning, 07 06 and policy reforms HIGH-LEVEL DIALOGUE HOLISTIC SOLUTIONS BEYOND INFRASTRUCTURE MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL DYNAMIC 7 FINANCING OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES Methodological Approach For Lagos, the development platform involved producing analytics and a multi-sectoral engagement framework Lagos Diagnostic Study • A rapid multi-sector analytical review of Lagos was conducted to assess the current development status of Lagos and identify the key challenges and binding constraints for achieving the government's development HOW? M E T H O D O LO G I CA L A P P R O AC H • objectives. Key findings from the review and a set of recommended intervention areas are presented, which serve as a pathway to harness Lagos’s development potential. • A key objective of the LAPD is to promote integration and Multi-Sectoral Engagement Framework coordination between all sectors within the state to increase the Building on the key findings of the Multi-Sector Analytical effectiveness and impact of investments Review and stakeholder input, the Multi-Sectoral Engagement • Through policy reforms and targeted investments, Lagos can Framework provides an operational roadmap as an action plan utilize this opportunity to better plan and manage the of prioritized interventions for short-, medium-, and long-term development of the megacity in order to promote integrated, projects for Lagos. resilient and inclusive growth 8 Lagos Diagnostic Study A rapid multi- sector analytical review of the megacity I. Development Trends and Challenges II. Root Causes: Key Constraints and Drivers of Change III. Recommended Areas of Intervention 9 I. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES Lagos is central to Nigeria’s economy, but economic growth is stagnating while poverty remains high • While Lagos constitutes only 8% of Nigeria’s population, the state generates 15-30% of Nigeria’s GDP. • GDP growth greater than that of the country’s growth (5.8% vs. 5.2% between 2003-2019). • BUT GDP per capita has declined since 2015 to pre-2010 level. • Informal sector plays a major role contributing about one third to the economy, but also contributes to low productivity. • 45% informal employment, almost 42% of working age population is under- or unemployed. • Lagos is the state with the lowest poverty rate (4.5%), but almost 80% of households are classified as poor according to LASG. Source: Oxford Economics, 2022, “Competitive Cities Database”. 10 I. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES Lagos is growing rapidly, both in population and space • Lagos is one of the largest and fastest 1984 2000 growing mega-cities in Africa at 13-27 million: o Population annual average growth rate is 3.2%, above the national growth rate of 2.6%. o Lagos is projected to become the world’s most populous city by 2100, with 88.3 million. • Built-up area average annual growth rate 2013 2020 of 2.6% since 2000. • Urban expansion taking place beyond the metropolitan area, along peripheral areas as well as reclamation of water bodies along Epe, Badagry, and Ibeju- Lekki LGAs. • Sprawling growth continues beyond the state’s borders to neighboring Ogun Source: Google Earth state. 11 I. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES Rapid urban growth comes with challenges: low livability, a huge housing deficit, and inadequate provision of infrastructure and services • Lagos ranked as the 2nd least livable city out of 172 global cities (EIU Global Livability Ranking 2022). • Housing deficit of ~3.3 million units, with 87% of the need for low and very low-income households. • 50-75% of the population live in informal housing; over 140 slums identified. • Only 14% of households receive steady, reliable supply of electricity (>8 hours per day). • Waste collection rate is 20-30%; only 13% of recyclable waste is recycled. • Only 35% of the population has access to the public water supply; only 5% is connected to the public sewerage system. Sources: Mercer Quality o f L i v i n g Survey (2019); U n i t e d Nations Statistics Division (2014) • Poor mobility due to heavy reliance on road transport (98%) and insufficient transport infrastructure: commuters spend an average of 4 hours daily in traffic. 12 I. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES Development is taking place in a context of increasing natural disasters and climate change Rapid population and spatial growth of Lagos are taking place in a context of increasing natural disasters and climate change, • Severe environmental degradation as a result of rapid, threatening the mega-city’s resilience uncontrolled development exacerbates the vulnerability of Lagos’ residents to disaster and climate risks, including flooding, coastal River flood hazard (High) Water scarcity hazard (Medium) erosion, sea level rise and extreme heat. o Flood damage (to assets, economic production and mortality) are estimated to cost almost $4 billion each year. o The coastline is eroding at an average annual rate of 8% (8.2 meters per year). Loss of assets, economic production and land as a result of coastal erosion are estimated to cost $1.7 billion Urban flood hazard (High) Extreme heat hazard (Medium) annually. • Urban expansion has taken place through deforestation, the reclamation of water bodies and the reduction of green spaces, which are major drivers for temperature increases and for biodiversity loss in urban areas. • Uncontrolled spatial expansion of the built-up area has increased Coastal flood hazard (Medium) Wildfire hazard (Medium) the state’s exposure to natural disasters, a trend that will worsen with climate change. ThinkHazard! Hazard Levels High Medium Low Very Low 13 Source: GFDRR. ThinkHazard! Lagos. https://thinkhazard.org/en/report/2230-nigeria-lagos I. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES Buildings and infrastructure systems, together with urban sprawl, are major contributors to pollution and carbon emissions, exacerbating climate risks • The highest share of GHG emissions is from stationary energy: residential buildings account for 21% of these emissions, manufacturing accounts for 23%, while commercial activity accounts for 11%. • The transportation sector accounts for 20% of GHG emissions in Lagos. • Pollution is mainly associated with improper solid waste/plastic disposal: the waste sector contributes the largest share of particulate matter (PM2.5) at 32% and is the third largest source of GHG emissions in Lagos. 14 I. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES Significant investment is needed to close the infrastructure gap and to upgrade to climate-smart systems Significant coordinated investments are needed across service sectors to meet the needs of Lagos’ growing population, improve livability, support economic growth and foster resilience in Lagos • Lagos estimates that it needs over USD 50 billion to address an investment gap across transport, water, solid waste management, and information and communications technology. • By comparison, Lagos has managed to invest less than USD 1 billion annually over the last decade. • Investments in housing, social and green infrastructure investments are also needed to support Lagos’ sustainable growth, as well as soft investments in institutional, technical and financial capacity building. • Lagos will need a mix of investments and supportive policy reforms to close its infrastructure gap. 15 II. ROOT CAUSES: KEY CONSTRAINTS AND DRIVERS OF CHANGE Four main constraints are holding Lagos back from fully realizing its development potential 1. Weak urban governance and finance systems to deliver sufficient housing and services to meet the demands of Lagos’ growing population No unit of governance and coordination exists at the city or Governance issues pose the Capacity challenges within each Weak mechanisms for metropolitan level to coordinate most significant constraint planning and budgeting or to unit of government slows service coordination across LGAs and and affect other system expansion and hinders quality of amongst the different parties finance the provision of urban constraints service provision. involved in delivering services. infrastructure and services effectively. Local councils have little autonomy and limited fiscal and Revenues are insufficient to financial management capacity support needed capital while the state’s constitutionally investments and ongoing defined functions go well beyond maintenance and operations. any municipal or metropolitan Lack of an urban or mandate Efforts to increase both revenues municipal finance system and budget transparency are results in insufficient necessary to support financing investments for Lagos’ sustainable delivery of goods and growth services State spending trends are State debt levels are extremely unclear. Lack of transparency high, raising rollover risks and prevents the identification of any limiting financial resources for inefficient expenditures and the needed capital investments. re-direction of resources to where they are needed. 16 II. ROOT CAUSES: KEY CONSTRAINTS AND DRIVERS OF CHANGE Four main constraints are holding Lagos back from fully realizing its development potential 2. Ineffective urban planning system holds down sustainable growth and exacerbates informality A municipal or a metropolitan Land use plans and sectoral plans Local councils are not involved in authority with specific lack coordination, leading to planning the development of their responsibility for coordinating inefficient use of resources and designated urban areas urban investments is absent continued service challenges Plan implementation challenges: Regulatory system deficiencies: • Plan implementation by MPPUD has been slow, due • Complicated and cost-prohibitive planning to administrative bottlenecks and legal limitations permit and building approval process is a major • Lack of plan enforcement capacity results in constraint to doing business in Lagos and leads continued informal development. residents to evade the process. • Lack of meaningful citizen engagement throughout • Proliferation of informal and poorly constructed the planning process results in inadequate plans buildings that are not disaster and climate and investments. resilient are a result. There is an urgent need to integrate existing and proposed master plans into a comprehensive metropolitan plan that strategically coordinates land development and service provision 17 II. ROOT CAUSES: KEY CONSTRAINTS AND DRIVERS OF CHANGE Four main constraints are holding Lagos back from fully realizing its development potential 3. Fragmented land administration and market distortions stymy affordable housing development, exacerbates informality, hampers economic development and limits revenues (1/2) High barriers State and local Further reforms and costs to governments are necessary to Land register land lack of fully administration strengthen land prohibit functional land administration system in formal information and improve Lagos registration systems tenure security Other land Bifurcated land Most land challenges include management claims are land speculation LASG has system results in insecure and after legal carried out most land even state- acquisition, locking several land transactions granted titles land available for reforms, but being conducted can be needed housing challenges informally revoked development, and persist land grabbing 18 II. ROOT CAUSES: KEY CONSTRAINTS AND DRIVERS OF CHANGE Four main constraints are holding Lagos back from fully realizing its development potential 3. Fragmented land administration stymies affordable housing development, exacerbates informality, hampers economic development and limits revenues (2/2) Land and housing Costs to buy Limited markets a home and private sector to rent are investment in without both building effective extremely affordable government high housing intervention Reform is Government Rapid land Housing costs necessary to programs exist appreciation have support market- to address results in lack of increased enabling housing supply affordable land while wages solutions to and demand in urban core, have reduce the cost of issues, but have promoting remained housing and had minimal sprawl stagnant attract private effect investment 19 II. ROOT CAUSES: KEY CONSTRAINTS AND DRIVERS OF CHANGE Four main constraints are holding Lagos back from fully realizing its development potential 4. A lagging business environment inhibits private development, productivity and inclusive economic growth Infrastructure gaps – in Uncoordinated economic power, transport, water development and supply and sanitation, transport investments and ICT – contribute to negatively impact market low productivity in key access/connectivity sectors Cross-cutting constraints contribute Poor access to land and to a high cost of doing a cumbersome building business in Lagos, Poor access to finance, permit process hamper especially for MSMEs inhibiting economic business growth and development development Poor human capital High compliance costs outcomes adversely affect to business labor quality, productivity, formalization and economic growth Together, these constraints reduce the incentive to formalize business activity and result in the high rate of informality and low productivity. 20 III. RECOMMENDED AREAS OF INTERVENTIONS Four areas of intervention address the four key constraints Main Constraints Areas of Intervention 1 Weak urban governance and finance systems Strengthen governance, planning and 1 finance systems to support coordinated and sustainable growth and development 2 Ineffective urban planning system Fragmented land administration and market Activate land and housing markets for Institutional 3 distortions 2 improved planning, livability and reforms are economic growth preconditions to investment Foster economic development and 4 A lagging business environment 3 inclusive growth for increased productivity projects and improved livelihoods Invest in integrated and climate–smart 4 infrastructure and services to improve livability and resilience and foster economic growth 21 Multi Sector Diagnostics Development Trends & Challenges Guiding Government Programs and Plans Constraints & Opportunities Principles Vision, Goals and Objectives Prioritization Process Stakeholder Consultations 1. Strengthen Urban 2. Activate land markets 3. Foster economic 4. Invest in Climate-Smart Areas of Governance, Planning and to grow the formal development and Infrastructure and Services Intervention Finance Systems housing sector inclusive growth 1.1: Strengthen urban management and 2.1: Improve land administration 3.1: Prioritize infrastructure 4.1: Improve urban mobility through service delivery through governance through complete digitization of investment that creates jobs development of an enhanced reform, cross-sectoral digital regularization process and capacity and promotes economic transportation network that is integrated, Recommendations coordination, and technical and financial building to increase tenure security, development. multi-modal and supports carbon capacity building. foster better planning and urban emissions reduction. development, enable private 3.2: Enhance process of 1.2: Support sustainable urban growth of investment and support increased doing business. 4.2: Develop an integrated solid waste Lagos through community-driven and property tax revenue generation. management system (waste minimization, 3.3: Support inclusive climate and disaster-risk informed spatial collection, separation and treatment) 2.2: Increase access to formal, economic development. planning and development. through comprehensive planning, affordable and climate- and disaster- investment and capacity building. proofed housing through comprehensive planning, increased 4.3: Increase access to water supply and private sector participation, innovative sanitation services and develop an design, housing finance and slum integrated water management system that upgrading programs. coordinates water supply, sewerage, stormwater drainage, wastewater treatment, solid waste management and land use planning. 4.4: Increase access to reliable energy through implementing policy reform and supporting renewable energy sources, such as solar. The Way Forward: A Multi-Sectoral I. Outline of the Framework Engagement II. Proposed Program Framework for Lagos 23 I. OUTLINE OF THE FRAMEWORK The framework aims to transform the LASG’s 400+ initiatives into a prioritized set of implementable projects across different sectors tool for the actual government fundable projects The List of Identified Projects has been developed to advance the outcomes of key government visions and strategies. The projects were selected for their alignment with the government’s objectives, as stated in strategic documents and plans highlighted earlier, and dependent on their implementation potential. 24 I. OUTLINE OF THE FRAMEWORK The framework was built through multiple stakeholder engagement processes, involving more than 100 key sector representatives and experts 89+ Projects 11 Govt MDAs 4 priority investment buckets for Lagos resilience Platform for Develop ment Task force 6WB Stakeholder Local Consultation team +IFC 25 I. OUTLINE OF THE FRAMEWORK The Framework builds on the key outcomes of the Multi-Sector Analytical Review of Lagos The 4 areas of intervention highlighted in the analytical review feed into the formation of 4 project buckets The recommendations under the analytical review are grouped under common themes in four project buckets under the engagement framework. The buckets contain projects that tie to the areas of intervention, as explained in the diagram below. Intervention Area 1: Intervention Area 2: Intervention Area 3: Intervention Area 4: Strengthen Governance, Invest in Integrated Activate Land and Housing Foster Economic Climate-Smart Markets Development and Planning, & Finance Systems Infrastructure and Services Inclusive Growth The projects support The projects support The projects support The projects support Intervention Area 1 through Intervention Area 2 through key Intervention Area 3 through Intervention Area 4 through the creating modern, digitized improvements in infrastructure policy interventions that development of key systems that ease planning and for climate resilience and spatial stimulate housing production infrastructure to support fiscal operations. development. and improved livability. businesses. conditions. Projects Bucket A Bucket B Bucket C Bucket D grouped in Institutional Smart Infrastructure Urban Mobility and Affordable Housing buckets Strengthening and Service Delivery Spatial Development & Land 26 I. OUTLINE OF THE FRAMEWORK The buckets seek to fulfill key transformation strategies along technical areas and sectors The buckets combine interrelated sectors (for example, solid waste and water) and act as umbrellas for the main development projects in select sectors Bucket A Bucket B Bucket C Bucket D Institutional Strengthening Smart Infrastructure and Service Urban Mobility and Spatial Affordable Housing & Land Delivery Development Projects for institutional Projects target infrastructural Projects strike a balance between Projects aim to increase access to strengthening aim to streamline development, which includes improving urban mobility and affordable housing and coordination and create clarity undertaking comprehensive integrating mobility with land use developable land and, thereby among various governmental planning exercises for Lagos State planning through developing a covering the following technical parties involved in the delivery of for the following technical areas visionary and coherent areas and sectors: urban services along the and sectors: metropolitan-level spatial plan. The technical areas following technical areas and sector under this bucket are: and sectors: Governance Solid Waste Management Spatial Planning & Development Housing Automation of Services Water Mobility/Transport Land Development Capacity Building Drainage Development Financing Climate Adaptability Energy 27 I. OUTLINE OF THE FRAMEWORK Approach to Development of Urban Livability & Mobility Projects The projects compiled under the List of Identified Projects primarily seek to improve Lagos State’s institutional capacity to deliver urban services, enhance accessibility to services, and meet urban infrastructural demands across different technical areas and sectors. project includes Each bucket bucket contains baskets of sub-projects. Each basket Each of projects. responds projects organized to a basket key urban responds within to a baskets challenge by key urban 34 baskets of offering challengea specific set of by offering projects. a specific set of projects. Each basket captures those projects with a common focus, 89 projects across and which complement each other. 12 technical areas & sectors The List of Identified Projects aims to support Lagos in pursuing the areas of intervention that the World Bank sees as being key for meeting the state’s short- and medium- to long-term developmental needs. 28 II. PROPOSED PROGRAM Supporting Lagos livability through multiple strategic spatial interventions The identified projects under the City Center Revitalization Framework support • Urban regeneration various • Traffic/parking management interventions • Street vendor management in Lagos to • Public spaces development improve • Non-Motorized Transportation livability (NMT) facilities management City-wide intervention Polycentric Development Functional Linkages • Integrated neighbourhood • Housing, infrastructure and development • Coordination mechanism basic/social services • Social services • Inter-city road/transit network • Transit-oriented development • Housing finance system • Flow of water, natural resources and (TOD) • Urban mobility development environmental services • Public transportation system • Electricity • Industrial value chain • Freight transport management • Water and sanitation 29 • Disaster risk management • Solid waste management II. PROPOSED PROGRAM Supporting Lago’s livability through an institutional reform program Successful uptake of investments is dependent on key institutional reforms which act as enabling preconditions Through a programmatic multi-phased Institutional Reforms Infrastructure approach that entails system correction 1 (ex. automation of government services) 2 Investments followed by investments in smart infrastructure (ex. roads) The program pools resources from government sources and development partners and should also leverage the private sector for both finance and expertise 30 II. PROPOSED PROGRAM Supporting Lago’s livability through an institutional reform program Most importantly, the Multi-Sectoral Engagement Framework several paradigm shifts (i) from disparate sectoral/vertical initiatives in different geographic areas to coordinated multi-sectoral place- based interventions focused in particular areas selected based on agreed criteria; (ii) from a singular focus on investments to an emphasis on service delivery outcomes; and (iii) a new focus on addressing challenges that are common across different sectors/services and testing new models of service delivery. Land management Spatial Planning Housing Spatial Infra, Land Institutional planning/ services, development development and system housing controls coordination provision Services Develop Finance ment financing/ private sector 31 II. PROPOSED PROGRAM Institutional reforms: preconditions to investment projects The enabling preconditions that need to precede the implementation of infrastructure investments are reforms that tackle the key constraints identified through the multi-sectoral analytical review At the state level, 6 types of reforms are critical to enabling investments that enhance livability: Governance reform: institutional and technical Land administration reform: i.e., development of a 1 capacity building to strengthen urban management and service delivery (e.g., cross-sectoral coordination). 4 comprehensive land information system and capacity building to increase the efficiency of land tenure and registration processes. Finance system reform: financial capacity building to support needed capital investments (e.g., technical Housing reform: i.e., development of a comprehensive 2 capacity building to improve OSR generation, strengthen the regulatory framework for PPPs and tools 5 housing policy/strategy, streamlined administrative processes and incentives to stimulate private sector to incentivize private investment, strengthen participation. management of public investments and expenditure). Infrastructure systems reform: i.e., development of Spatial planning reform: technical capacity building to plans and policies that support integrated and climate- 3 support metropolitan spatial planning that is disaster and climate-risk informed, improved urban mobility and 6 smart systems (e.g., policies for multi-modal urban mobility, integrated solid waste management, coordinated sectoral investments. integrated water management, comprehensive energy reform), and institutional and technical capacity building to implement systems. 32 II. PROPOSED PROGRAM Framework implementation through focused interventions Infrastructure investment projects need to be spatially targeted and will require a combination of capital investments and local institutional reforms This increases the likelihood of project implementation, increases their impact, and provides a model for the government to tackle multi-sectoral issues on a case-by-case basis in key urban areas. Examples of Two examples that illustrate the application of multi-sectoral place– Place-Based Interventions based infrastructure investments: A green infrastructure program for Apapa A public space improvement program for Epe 33 II. PROPOSED PROGRAM Framework implementation through focused interventions in the short-term Short-term projects using a place-based approach are proposed for each of the two examples Example 1 Short-term projects for Apapa (1/2) A Green Infrastructure Program: The Apapa Model City Plan 2032 underscores the need to build a robust network of green infrastructure to address the shortage of population to open space ratio and provide for spaces of natural aesthetics. The green infrastructure programme consists of: A. Public Spaces Project Investment • Rehabilitate 6 existing parks by selecting a Projects combination of sector parks, linear parks, neighbourhood parks, and school parks. B. Street Improvements • Rehabilitation of 30km of inter-neighborhood roads. • Retrofitting 30 km of roads with cool pavement. • Upgrade main streets: equip with street furniture (shading devices, bus stops, planting trees, etc.) C. Drainage Infrastructure Improvements • Rehabilitating primary drainage channels. Image Source: Lagos State Government. Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development, Final Report, • Rehabilitating existing secondary drainage systems The Apapa Model City Plan 2012 2032, p.173. that feed the primary channels. 34 II. PROPOSED PROGRAM Framework implementation through focused interventions in the short-term Example 1 Short-term projects for Apapa (2/2) Technical Green Infrastructure Policy 3 A. Improve Parking Management Assistance Provision of planned • Introduce new tools to manage parking and assist in the for Institutional pilot application of these tools in two districts. furnished and maintained Reforms public spaces for social, B. Inclusive & Sustainable Urban Design Guidelines cultural, economic, health • Develop urban design guidelines that respond to climate vulnerabilities and reduce GHG emissions which include and recreational benefits at bioremediation landscape solutions; the use of permeable all scales should be materials to absorb and filtrate water runoff; shade and demographically-driven to cooling; and vegetation to cleanse polluted air. respond to the prevailing C. Policy Recommendations for Legal Protection of Open Spaces needs of all age and • Develop a set of recommendations for legal amendments economic groups at different that safeguard the integrity of the open space network and stipulate development regulations around parks, lagoons, time frames. creeks, and canals. Source: Lagos State Government, Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development, Final Report, The Apapa Model City Plan 2012 2032, p.172. 35 II. PROPOSED PROGRAM Framework implementation through focused interventions in the short-term Example 2 Short-term projects for Epe (1/2) A Public Space Improvement Programme: The Epe Plan, produced in 2017, identifies several public space and road improvements as part of its planned actions. This programme will build on these actions to identify a suite of short-term projects that enhances the town’s liveability. A. Public Spaces Project Investment • Create a new central open space and a permeable Projects network of pocket parks. B. Street Improvements • Constructing 50km of sidewalks to create a robust pedestrian network • Retrofitting 30 km of roads with cool pavement. • Installing urban furniture at key locations including Technical street furniture (benches, shading devices, bus stops, Assistance planting trees, etc.). for Institutional C. Embankment & Drainage Infrastructure Improvements Reforms • Installing embankments along drainage channels. • Rehabilitating drainage systems along main throughways. 36 II. PROPOSED PROGRAM Framework implementation through focused interventions in the short-term Example 2 Short-term projects for Epe (2/2) Technical A. Improve Parking Management Assistance • Introduce new tools to manage parking for Institutional and assist in the pilot application of these tools in two districts. Reforms B. Inclusive & Sustainable Urban Design Guidelines • Develop urban design guidelines that respond to climate vulnerabilities and reduce GHG emissions, including bioremediation landscape solutions; using permeable materials to absorb and filtrate water runoff; shade and cooling; and vegetation to cleanse polluted air. C. Road Embankment Construction & Maintenance Guide Image Source: Epe Masterplan 2017, Dar, p.729 • Develop a guide containing different construction solutions for embankments, design safety measures, and periodic 37 maintenance plans. II. PROPOSED PROGRAM Medium- and long-term focused investments The framework also proposes medium- to long-term focused investments. Examples of proposed projects: Development of New Construction and Flood Risk Assessment, Digital Platform for Multimodal Transport Rehabilitation of Critical Management, and Inter-Agency Transportation Links & Coordination Gateway Hubs Infrastructure Build Truck Transit Parks • Construction of various • Rehabilitate interstate Establish a climate warning Develop a database of bus terminals across the roads and critical observatory and alert infrastructure and utilities state in locations such as corridors selected by the protocols for flood & extreme that are required to support Agege, Abule-egba, Government including: heat events urban development and Ojota, Iyana Ipaja etc. Lekki-Epe, Gbagada- management programs • Construction of bus Apapa shelters • Develop multipurpose truck campuses 38 CONCLUSION The LAPD puts Lagos on the path to becoming a more livable, resilient, inclusive and prosperous megacity • Through a methodological approach, the Lagos Platform for Development provides the LASG with a tool to strategically prioritize More and coordinate investments and to put More prosperous Lagos on a path to becoming a more livable, inclusive city resilient, inclusive and prosperous city. city • The LAPD represents a shift from managing Lagos’ development through disparate sectoral initiatives in multiple geographic More areas to coordinated multi-sectoral resilient interventions that are targeted in key urban city areas based on agreed criteria. • The platform promotes integration and More Livable coordination between all sectors and actors city involved in development of Lagos to increase the effectiveness and impact of investments, in both the short and medium- to long-term. Better institutions and systems 39 The following outputs are available for detailed information on the Lagos Platform for Development Lagos Diagnostic Study and Pathway for Transformation: A Rapid Multi-Sector Analytical Review of the Mega-City Multi-Sector Engagement Framework for Lagos Lagos Multi-Sector Analytical Review and Engagement Framework Summary Note Lagos Platform for Development Summary of Activities 40