GGFR Technology Overview – Utilization of Small-Scale Associated Gas
Amazonas Station, OCP Ecuador S.A. (Photo: Wärtsilä)
April 2023
Contents
1 Disclaimer ..............................................................................................................................................................................................4
2 Gas Processing ........................................................................................................................................................................................5
Aspen Engineering Services: NGL Pro ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Expansion Energy ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
GTUIT ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Pioneer Energy: Flarecatcher Titan Gas Processing & Fractionation Plants .............................................................................................................. 9
3 Power Generation ................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Capstone Green Energy: C65, C200S, C600S, C800S and C1000S............................................................................................................................ 11
LPP Combustion, LLC ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
MESA Natural Gas Solutions LLC .............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
SMART ENERGY ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Turboden – Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
4 CNG – Compressed Natural Gas............................................................................................................................................................. 16
Galileo ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
5 Mini-LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas ......................................................................................................................................................... 18
Beerensgroup DMCC ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Chart Industries........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Expansion Energy ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Galileo ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
6 Mini-GTL – Gas to Liquids ...................................................................................................................................................................... 23
CompactGTL ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Emerging Fuels Technology: EFT .............................................................................................................................................................................. 25
GasTechno Energy & Fuels (GEF) ............................................................................................................................................................................ 26
Greyrock ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Page 2
Bluescape Clean Fuels (formerly Primus Green Energy).......................................................................................................................................... 28
7 Multi-phase pumps............................................................................................................................................................................... 29
ITT Bornemann GmbH ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
Page 3
1 Disclaimer
The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. The company and technology overviews included on this site
were provided to the World Bank because of the companies’ interest in the Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership’s (GGFR) mission to advocate
gas-flaring reduction and because of GGFR’s interest in making information about technologies readily available to flare -out project developers.
The World Bank and GGFR do not control the information provided by the companies. You acknowledge and agree that neither the World Bank
nor GGFR is responsible or liable for: (i) the availability or accuracy of the company and technology information on this website or any linked sites
or resources; or (ii) the content, advertising, or products on or available from linked websites or resources. The inclusion of information on this
website does not imply that either the World Bank or GGFR endorses the information, technologies or companies on this website or linked sites.
While the World Bank and GGFR endeavor to keep information up to date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind,
expressed or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, non-infringement or availability with respect to the information,
products, services, or related graphics contained in this website for any purpose. The World Bank and GGFR assume no responsibility for the
information provided through this website or of other sites linked to it. In no event will we be liable for any loss or damage including, without
limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever in connection with your use or reliance upon such
information or your access to, or inability to access, such information or sites. Before you act on any information found on our website, you should
independently confirm any facts that are important to your decision. Any reliance you place on such information is strictly at your own risk.
The Global Gas Flaring Reduction partnership (GGFR) is a public-private partnership that was formed in 2002 by multilateral organizations,
governments, and oil companies. It is hosted and managed by the World Bank. GGFR provides a platform to support national governments and
the petroleum industry in their efforts to reduce flaring and venting of gas associated with the extraction of crude oil.
Page 4
2 Gas Processing
Processing of associated gas for entry into a pipeline system or where further utilization (e.g. CNG, Mini-GTL) requires heavier components and/or
contaminants to be removed.
Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology
developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation.
Page 5
Gas Processing
Aspen Engineering Services: NGL Pro
Company Overview
Aspen Engineering Services offers cost-technology for flare reduction, gas conditioning
and NGL recovery. The NGL Pro process integrates dehydration, compression, cooling
and conditioning, eliminating the need for costly glycol and refrigeration systems.
Hydrate formation is precluded by a heat integration system. Consequently, no
antifreeze additives are required. The NGL Pro process can be coupled with the LNG-
Pure system to co-produce LNG and NGL, and thereby eliminate flaring.
Contact: James Meyer, jmeyer@aspenesco.com
www.aspenesco.co
Additional
Technology & Operating Size range & Offshore Experience to
operational O&M Business model
conditions Cost suitability date
requirements
Gas treatment and NGL Company indicated Power from grid, Company Company Sale, lease or Nine commercial
extraction size variability with on-site micro-grid, indicated very indicated license units in operation.
Please contact company for standard unit size of 3 or gas fired low suitability for
BTU variability and simulation MMSCFD generators maintenance offshore
report requirement applications
H2S tolerance for the unit is Scalable & Modular -
up to 3% 3 MMSCFD on an 8’ x
Raw gas minimum inlet 25’ skid Footprint is 8’
Independent
pressure is 20 - 75 psig x 25’ for 3
compressor skid
Separation efficiency is 80% Contact company for MMSCFD
required
pricing.
Handles variable flow by
stabilizing compression
system using recycle stream
Page 6 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Gas Processing
Expansion Energy
Expansion Energy is a New York-based company focused on developing and licensing technologies for the energy, environmental and industrial sectors.
Expansion Energy’s technologies stem largely from the science of cryogenics and the disciplines of natural gas processing and industrial gas production.
Contact: Jeremy Dockter, jdockter@expansionenergy.us
David Vandor, dvandor@expansionenergy.us
https://expansionenergy.us/
Technology & operating Size range & Additional operational Offshore
O&M Business model Experience to date
conditions cost requirements suitability
Gas processing using Unit size range available: If VX Cycle LNG plant Company Small Sell, lease or 10 VX Cycle LNG
mechanical 0.5 MMCSFD to 9 installed, power needed indicated low footprint license plants have been
refrigeration to MMCSFD of feed gas. is produced on site by maintenance allows for built and deployed
separate NGLs at -150o F the VX Cycle, using requirements. offshore over the past
and 400 psia feedstock gas. deployment. several years
Pre-treatment skid Please
removes H2S Otherwise power contact Please contact
Minimum gas inlet Scalable and modular for required from other company for company for
pressure is 50 psia all scales, and truck source more more
All pre-processing, such mounted for the smallest information information
as water and CO2 versions.
removal, are included in
the VX Cycle.
Please contact company
for component
separation efficiency
Handles rapidly varying Please contact company
gas flows for cost.
Page 7 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Gas Processing
GTUIT
GAS TREATMENT USING INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY
GTUIT creates solutions for flare capture and associated gas conditioning challenges.
Their equipment and manufacturing processes are ISO 9001:2008 compliant. GTUIT
Corporate Office is located in Billings, Montana.
Contact: Martin Oakley, moakley@gtuit.com
Brian Cebull, bcebull@gtuit.com
Additional
Technology & operating Size range & Offshore
operational O&M Business model Experience to date
conditions cost suitability
requirements
On-Site gas processing using Unit sizes available: Power from grid, GTUIT is a gas Suitable for Sale, train, and 68 MMCFSD of
mechanical refrigeration and 250, 500, 1000, 3000, on-site micro-grid, processing offshore support processing capacity
gas compression 5000 MCSFD or gas fired partner with applications in North America
High BTU gas processing generators that Caterpillar Oil
units for NGL recovery and Scalable & modular - uses system’s & Gas and uses
fuel conditioning +20,000 MCFSD per produced gas Caterpillar
site. dealers
H2S treatment for Mobile - 48 hour NGL/produced worldwide Please contact 90 million gallons of
concentrations as high as deployment time for liquids storage company for NGL’s produced and
20,000 PPM trailer mounted, 5 certification sold
Raw gas minimum inlet days for skid Comprehensive Trouble
pressure ≈ 1 psig mounted service training shooting, parts,
Recovers up to 75% of the Cost USD 1000-2000 Water is removed and Please contact and Over 800,000
propane and heavier per MCFD from typical raw documentation company for remote/onsite operational hours
components configuration gas streams – provided by footprint technical
Proprietary flow control dependent requires disposal GTUIT support
equipment on-site available
Page 8 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Gas Processing
Pioneer Energy: Flarecatcher Titan Gas Processing
& Fractionation Plants
Pioneer Energy’s Flarecatchers are modular, skid-mounted mechanical
refrigeration-based plants (MRUs) that are used to monetize stranded and
flared gas streams, including associated gas, non-associated gas, and oil
tank vapors. The units produce spec products like LPG, condensate, light
naphtha, and lean conditioned gas and are highly automated, which
decreases field installation and recurring labor costs and enables
extremely high uptime. The company is based in Lakewood, CO, USA.
Contact: Joseph Palaia jpalaia@pioneerenergy.com
+1-720-484-3131
Additional
Technology & operating Size range & Offshore
operational O&M Business model Experience to date
conditions cost suitability
requirements
Flarecatcher – Gas processing Unit sizes available: External electrical Basic mechanic System can be Direct sale Pioneer Energy has
plant using mechanical 1,000 – 30,000 input – can be or technician barge, boat, or internationally. completed more
refrigeration to chill to as cold MSCFD generated by level staff is platform Partner with EPC than 20 installations
as -65 oC natural gas required for mounted to to provide
Optional fractionation Units have infinite generator run off operations and service off- complete
modules to separate produced turndown and can residue gas or dry maintenance. shore turnkey 45,000 sq ft
NGLs into LPG and be easily paralleled gas from the Units are applications. installation, manufacturing
condensate. Propane, butane, to accommodate Flarecatcher autonomous Systems can commissioning, facility enables
and naphtha optional outputs any size plant and remotely be and training of construction of large
Integrate with 3rd party Units are skid- monitored, containerized ops team. orders
equipment for H2S removal mounted and decreasing field to protect
Gas accepted at any pressure; designed for rapid NGL/produced labor against harsh Value added
Processing pressures between deployment and liquid can be requirements. environments. services: FEED
150 and 450 psig depending redeployment stored in propane studies, custom
on application tanks, typically Turnkey service engineering,
High separation efficiency. Cost varies since bullet tanks rated may be remote
High lean gas fuel quality every project is at 250 psi available monitoring and
Remotely monitored and different. Interested though local operation
operated via cellular or parties should representative
satellite network contact Pioneer
Page 9 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
3 Power Generation
Technologies suitable to generate electricity from associated gas.
Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business
model, and existing applications currently in operation.
Page 10 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Power Generation
Capstone Green Energy: C65, C200S, C600S, C800S and
C1000S
Capstone Green Energy Corporation is a leading provider of customized microgrid
solutions and on-site energy technology systems focused on helping customers around
the globe meet their carbon reduction, energy savings and resiliency goals.
Capstone's industry-leading, highly efficient, low-emission, resilient microturbine energy
systems offer scalable power generation for a broad range of industries, ranging from
65kW to multiple megawatts.
Contact: sales@CGRNenergy.com
https://www.capstonegreenenergy.com/about/contact
Technology & operating Size range & Additional operational Offshore Experience to
O&M Business model
conditions cost requirements suitability date
Micro-turbine power Unit sizes available: Fuel must be filtered Major overhaul Available Sale through an Several units
generation 65, 200, 600, 800, for particulates and at 48,000 hours configuration authorized C65, C800S,
Gas volume requirements: 1000 kW compressor/lubrication for Model C65, suitable for partner. C1000S
C65 is 21 MCF/day oils. and 40,000 offshore. operating on wet
C200S is 55 MCF/day In some instances, gas hours for all Lease and flare gas in
C600S is 164 MCF/day heating may be other models. Compliant for financing Europe, South
C800S is 218 MCF/day Periodic explosive options also America, the U.S.
necessary to eliminate
C1000S is 273 MCF/day inspections and environments available and Russia.
the formation of
Gas inlet pressure is 75-80 Units are scalable general service (ATEX
condensates in the performed at Directive
psig for most models. and modular. Can be fuel.
put in parallel. All 4,000 hour 94/9/EC)
Handles variable gas
models can be skid or intervals
composition (up to 70%
CO2, 22% N2, 5,000 ppm trailer mounted, or
containerized No lubricants
H2S) and flow
or refrigerant
Minimal pre-processing. Cost USD1,000 -
required
May require compression 1,700/kW depending
& condensate removal on model,
Models available for use configuration and
with natural gas, biofuels options
and hydrogen blends
Page 11 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Power Generation
LPP Combustion, LLC
LPP Combustion, LLC (LPP), a Maryland, USA-based company, has
developed a technology for lean, pre-mixed, pre-vaporized
combustion of liquid fuels, allowing these fuels to burn cleanly in
natural gas-fired power turbines and other combustion devices.
Contact: Leo Eskin, eskinl@lppcombustion.com
Chris Broemmelsiek, broemmelsiekc@lppcombustion.com
Arthur Schatz, schatza@lppcombustion.com
Additional
Technology & operating Size range & Offshore Experience to
operational O&M Business model
conditions cost suitability date
requirements
Fuel preparation skid for Unit size range from Oil and gas Company Sale, lease A mobile 30 kW
-
making flare gas usable in 30 kW to 300 MW plant indicated commercial unit
turbines or engines technician can suitability for running on flare
Gas volume requirement of Genset can be learn to offshore gas.
186 – 280 Mcf/day/MW for supplied upon request operate the Currently
simple-cycle turbines skid installing a 65 kW
skid in Canada to
Compresses the fuel to Skids are inherently Please contact operate on
turbine inlet pressure modular in design, and company for vaporized waste
Handles variable gas containerized and Annual certification petroleum
composition and flow truck mounted up to maintenance products
30 MW outage of few
Pre-processing of gas not Cost USD1200/kW for days is Please contact
required systems under 200 kW anticipated company for
Multi-fueling simultaneously and USD150 – 300/kW footprint
and by rapid switching for multi-MW
Page 12 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Power Generation
MESA Natural Gas Solutions LLC
Company Overview
Mesa is a leading power solutions company specializing in the manufacturing,
sales, leasing and operations of natural gas and liquid propane-powered
mobile and stationary generator sets. Mesa’s best-in-class power solutions
enable customers to reduce their energy costs and capital expenditures as
well as increase reliability and operational up-time, all while lowering
emissions and decreasing carbon footprint.
Contact: Zachary Soukup zach.soukup@mesangs.com
Trey Lawson trey.lawson@mesangs.com
Additional
Technology & Operating Size range & Offshore Business
operational O&M Experience to date
conditions Cost suitability model
requirements
Power generation Relocatable units: 70 – 350 None Minor Not currently Sale, lease or 450 MW powergen
kW, 480V quarterly/semi- suitable for joint venture fleet
Gas inlet pressure : 6 – 90 Stationary standby units: annual offshore
psi. 300 – 400 kW 480V maintenance. operation More than 20 million
Standard prime units: 70 runtime hours using
kW – 350 kW 480V Operation and associated gas and/or
Handles variable gas Units come in an enclosed, maintenance non-commercial
composition and flow with weatherized trailer or skid. can be carried gaseous fuels
automatic air/fuel Up to 32 sets can be run in out by trained
management parallel oil company 32 MW of commercial
personnel. & industrial microgrids
No processing needed for Power conversion MESA offers a installed since 2018
< 100 ppm H2S efficiency: 0.25 mcf/day 4-week training
per kW of average load program
Automatic fuel switching Please contact company
to secondary source. for cost data
Acceptable fuels: AG,
propane, CNG, LPG (800 –
2500+ BTU/scf
Page 13 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Power Generation
SMART ENERGY
Company Overview
Smart Energy was established in 2022 by three power generation experts
with a combined global industry experience of more than 75 years.
Smart Energy offers “Gas-to-Grid in a Box (G2G_B), a scalable flexible option
for monetizing untreated (raw) associated gas with varying volumes and
compositions, that would otherwise be flared or vented, to generate
electricity.
By means of the modular, rapidly deployable, G2G_B, the gas supply
threshold to deliver economic electricity has been significantly reduced to
< 0.20 MMscf/d
Contact: daniel.chiriboga@smartenergy-app.com
Technology & Operating Size range & cost Additional O&M Offshore Business model Experience to
conditions operational suitability date
requirements
Modular, containerized, Each unit can run in Each G2G_B runs on Can operate Suitable for Rental/leasing 3 units
integrated small-scale the range of 600 – a stand-alone basis unmanned in most offshore /energy operational in
power generation 1,000 kW utilizing (flexible to scale up cases. applications conversion service Ecuador
~0.250 MMscfd gas and down) Data/commands can
No gas treatment required (at full load). be sent to/from any Reference: All in Note: Smart
for gas with up to 65% CO2 No auxiliary feed or device with internet pricing (incl. Energy owners
and/or 40% non-methane
Footprint: 12m x 4m consumables capability. balance of plant; have developed
(i.e. heavier) hydrocarbons
per unit (electric power, Top overhaul after gas and electrical > 800 MW
Gas inlet pressure water, closed drain, 20,000 – 25,000 interconnection). globally of
requirements > 5 psi Scalable, modular etc.) required from hours Electricity which > 300
design. G2G_B’s can the facility operator generated at ~ MW using
Major overhaul after
Can handle varying gas be scaled from 1 x 30% of the cost of associated gas
40,000 – 50,000
flowrates unit up to 20 x units generating with
hours-
(0.150 – 5.0 MMscf/d) diesel (at 3
Easy relocation when A replacement unit US$/gal)
required - connection and Energy conversion will be provided
start up in 1 week efficiency 33% during Top and Major
(~ 10,350 BTU/kWh) overhaul
Page 14 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Power Generation
Turboden – Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group
Turboden, part of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries group since 2013, is involved in the
development and production of ORC turbogenerators, which harness heat to generate
electric and thermal energy, and provide energy efficiency solutions for the oil & gas
sector by recovering heat from exhaust gases. Founded in 1980 as spin-off of
Politecnico of Milan, Turboden has installed more than 330 plants worldwide
accounting for 8 million operating hours and 11,000 GWh of global electrical
production.
Contact: Marco Baresi, Marco.Baresi@turboden.it
Additional
Technology & operating Practical size & Offshore Experience to
operational O&M Business model
conditions cost suitability date
requirements
Power generation ORC unit sizes of 200 Cooling 1 standard The ORC unit Sale, Lease A commercial
ORC system uses a thermal kW to 20 MW water maintenance of can be (through plant (1.8 MW) is
boiler fed by flare gas to required in a week/year containerized partnership with operating on flare
vaporize an organic fluid used to case of CHP and no in containers MHI) gas in Osa-Perm,
generate electricity in a Rankine mode overhaul or shelters Russia since
cycle suitable for January 2015
Gas volume requirement 1.5 – offshore
20 MMcf/day (respectively 1 – service
20 MW ORC unit)
Gas inlet minimum pressure > Turbines are scalable,
1.5 psi modular and
Handles variable gas fuel containerized. The footprint
composition and flow Truck mounted up to will depend on
300 kW the ORC unit
Pre-processing of gas is not Cost USD4000-4500/kW size. The
expected to be required for 300-600 kW; smallest is a
Multi-fueling simultaneously by USD2800-3300/kW for 300 kW system
mixing flare gas with natural gas 1–5 MW; USD1700- which fits in a
and other fuels (e.g. Diesel) 2200/kW for >5 MW 40’ container
Page 15 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
4 CNG – Compressed Natural Gas
Small-scale CNG technologies used to compress (associated) gas to increase its energy density, thereby allowing economic transport of the gas to
markets.
Where a pipeline may be uneconomic or not yet constructed, CNG offers a ‘virtual pipeline’ to transport gas to supply power plants and industrial
and domestic gas users, or for use as a fuel for cars and (small) trucks.
A CNG system requires pre-processing of the (associated) gas to remove contaminants such as CO2 and H2S. To meet gas specification, removal of
N2 and/or higher hydrocarbons may also be required.
CNG has a lower energy density than LNG, but the lower capital cost of CNG can make it an attractive option especially for small (<~ 5 MMscf/d)
gas volumes. For larger gas volumes and/or distances to market, however, the large number of trucks needed to transport the gas can make it
economically and/or operationally unattractive.
Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology
developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation.
Page 16
CNG
Galileo
Company Overview
For the last thirty years Galileo Technologies have been developing goods and services
to make natural gas, biomethane and hydrogen production, transportation and
consumption economically feasible. Our unconventional solutions provide efficient
energy to 70 countries. This way, we offer customized solutions for our clients,
reducing operating costs or monetizing new gas sources. We stay focused on boosting
our clients’ competitiveness at the highest environmental quality.
Galileo Technologies is a high-tech manufacturing company creating innovative value-
added solutions for the energy industry. Our objective is the de-carbonization of the
energy value chain, utilizing technology & modularity to create cost-effective solutions
in the LNG, RNG/Biogas, Hydrogen & smart compression sectors
Contact: Gabriel Lorenzi glorenzi@galileoar.com
Additional
Technology & Operating Offshore
Size range & Cost operational O&M Business model Experience to date
conditions suitability
requirements
Modular, skid-mounted plug- Minimum unit size: 0.2 Gas, electricity Galileo offers Suitable for Sale of Ongoing operations in
and-play CNG MMscf/d and/or compressed operator offshore equipment North America, South
Plug-and-play design enables Suitably sized modules can be air may be required, training for applications America, Europe,
rapid equipment re-location combined to handle over 17 depending on the customers. 7 months Africa and Asia
to a new site: One week to MMscf/d, allowing capacity to CNG equipment delivery time
disconnect, and two weeks to be tailored to match available selected from contract
reconnect and start gas volumes award
operations
Galileo CNG equipment Compact configuration results Galileo CNG More Information at
packages comprise gas in a small equipment equipment is https://www.galileoar.
compression, pressure footprint. available on a com/en/
regulation, electrical board Can be installed on a raised global basis
and metering in a single platform, freeing up ground
module. space.
The equipment is intrinsically
safe and requires no
surrounding safety barriers
(e.g. concrete walls)
Gas processing solutions are Cost on request
available if required
Page 17 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Mini-LNG
5 Mini-LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas
Small-scale LNG technologies used to liquefy (associated) gas to increase its energy density, thereby allowing economic transport of the gas to
markets.
Where a pipeline may be uneconomic or not yet constructed, small-scale LNG offers a ‘virtual pipeline’ to transport gas to supply power plants,
industrial and domestic gas users, and/or for use as a fuel for cars and trucks. LNG has a higher energy density than CNG, making it a more attractive
option for transporting larger (>~ 5 MMscf/d) gas volumes and/or distances to market. Its higher capital cost, however, can make it economically
unattractive for small gas volumes.
LNG liquefaction requires pre-processing of the (associated) gas to remove contaminants such as CO2, H2S and mercury. To meet gas specification,
removal of N2 and/or higher hydrocarbons may also be required.
LNG is used in many parts of the world to supply gas (following re-gasification) to power plants and industrial/domestic gas users. It is also being
increasingly used in liquid form as a fuel for large trucks.
Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology
developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation
Page 18
Mini-LNG
Beerensgroup DMCC
Company Overview
Beerensgroup offers small scale LNG liquefaction plants in a range of sizes. We also offer
LNG ISOTANKS, each holding 950 MMbtu of gas that can be used for both storage and transport.
Contact Thomas Miller, email@beerensgas.com
UAE: +971 56 797 4500 EU +47 92 329 329
www.beerensgas.com; www.beerenstank.comT
Technology & Operating Size range & cost Additional operational O&M Offshore Business Experience to
conditions requirements suitability model date
suitability
Small Scale liquefaction plants, Liquefaction plants Onsite storage required. Beerensgroup are Small-scale Liquefaction First company in the
transport and storage of LNG. from 15 tonnes/d Beerensgroup offers LNG Building and operating LNG plants plants are offered world shipping LNG
Satellite stations, storage (780 MMbtu) storage units from 40 m3 Small Scale LNG plants. (scalable 15 on to China in Isotanks
tanks, vaporizers, cryogenic to 230 tonnes/d to 4000 m3 capacities. If client prefer to tons/d units) either an EPC or from 2 European
pumps, fuelling stations, (11,960 MMbtu) operate Beerensgroup have a small BOT basis ISOTANKS terminals.
dispensers and modular will do the training with footprint and are
liquefaction plants. Plants are the customers are suitable leased out for a 1 of 2 companies
LNG ISOTANKS holding 18 ton modular and operators. (15 tons/d) for offshore minimum period of distributing LNG in
from 8 – 10 bars. Holding time scalable. require minimal operations. 3 road
up to 110 days with no boil off. training; larger plants years. tankers/isotanks in
require more intensive India for state oil and
training. Beerensgroup offers gas companies.
a full door to door
Training is provided by supply chain
Liquefaction plants can handle For transport of The liquefaction plants Beerensgroup. delivering Our isotanks are in
rapid variations in gas flowrate LNG, 40 ft T-75 require power from: 500 LNG in ISOTANKS use in UK,
and composition. ISOTANKS. kW for 15 tons/d up to Maintenance programs Netherlands,
4MW for 230 tons/d. are provided by Belgium, India and
Each tank holds Beerensgroup China.
Liquefaction plants are custom 950 MMbtu or 18 Beerengroup build and Our Concept? A Liquefaction plants in
built, and the design addresses ton at 8 bars for up operate LNG fuelled (500 containerized 0.5-2 operations in a
any plant inlet pressure and to 110 days with kW to 2 MW) MW power plant number of countries
gas feedstock composition. no boil off. generators. based on LNG or including Indonesia,
Boil off gas treatment plants Liquid H2 to supply China an India
electricity.
Page 19 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR
Mini-LNG
Chart Industries
Chart is involved in the design and manufacture of cryogenic equipment used from the
beginning to the end in the liquid gas supply chain. For more than 40 years Chart has worked
on the development and use of LNG and supplies equipment and solutions across the complete
LNG value chain – liquefaction, storage, distribution, and end-use.
Contact: Erich.Wetzl@chartindustries.com
Paul.Shields@chartindustries.com
Chart – Additional
Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience to
Technology & operational O&M
cost transportation suitability model date
operating conditions requirements
Small-scale LNG Unit sizes available: Power Chart can Systems are Company Multiple plants
liquefaction 4.0(0.03), 8.1(0.06), requirement provide compatible with indicated operating in
Nitrogen expansion, 12.2(0.08), 16.2 (0.11), varies. Please training Chart designed suitability North America
closed loop. 20.3 (0.14), 36.5(0.25), contact company programs to and built for offshore and other
Mixed refrigerant Joule 40.5(0.28), 71.4(0.50) the storage or third- applications regions
Thompson, closed loop and 142.8(1) MMCSFD operators party storage by
(MTPA) optimizing
Gas inlet pressure Scalable/modular units footprint.
range is 450 - 950 psig in any size/configuration
from available units Please
Chart can design and All plants require Maintenance Please contact
contact
provide gas pre- instrument air, is generally company for
company for
processing solutions as refrigerant routine and transportation
more
required for cryogenic supply and other mostly
information
liquefaction standard utilities associated
Can handle changing Please contact company with rotating
gas flows. Capable of for cost equipment
turndown to 50% of in the plant
design capacity
Page 20 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR
Mini-LNG
Expansion Energy
Company Overview
Expansion Energy (XE) is a New York-based company focused on developing and licensing
breakthrough technologies for the Energy, Environmental and Industrial sectors. Our technologies
stem largely from the science of cryogenics and the disciplines of natural gas processing and
industrial gases production. Please visit XE's web site at https://expansionenergy.us/
Contact: David Vandor, dvandor@expansionenergy.us
Technology & Size range & cost Additional O&M Storage/ Offshore Business Experience
Operating conditions operational Transportation suitability model to date
requirements
Mini-LNG liquefaction Unit sizes range from All required Company VX Cycle is Yes. Small Sell, lease or 10 VX Cycle
using patented 0.35 to 42 MMCSFD power is indicated low flexible regarding footprint license. Prefer LNG plants
methane expansion (2,500 – 300,000 produced on site maintenance storage pressure, allows for to work with have been
cycle: the “VXTM MTPA). by the VX Cycle requirements. LNG temperature offshore EPCs or built and
Cycle”. using, the and storage deployment. Completion deployed
feedstock gas. A container entities. under
separate NGL configurations. license over
Minimum gas inlet Scalable and modular product stream the past
pressure is 50 psia. for all scales, and truck can yield several
Booster is added if gas mounted for the additional value. years. Have
pressure is lower. smallest versions. Can achieve up to established
90% production strong
All pre-processing, Standard sizes are rate with only Please VX Cycle Please working
such as water and CO2 2,000 GPD, 6,000 GPD 10% of feed NG contact produces a “sub- contact relationships
removal, are included 10,000 GPD, 50,000 used as fuel. company for cooled” LNG company for with vendors
in the VX Cycle, and GPD and100,000 GPD more product, which more for VX Cycle
pre-treatment skid of production. information. minimizes LNG information. components.
removes H2S. boil-off.
Handles rapidly Lowest CAPEX$/GPD of
varying gas flows. production. Please
contact company for
cost*.
Page 21 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR
Mini-LNG
Galileo
Company Overview
Cryobox® has an adjustable production capacity of up to 9013 gpd (gallons per day). The high-
pressure, thermodynamic cycle of the Cryobox converts natural gas to the liquid state as
temperatures are reduced to less than -225 °F. This multi-stage compression process includes a “boil-
off” recovery system which eliminates all gas-venting usually associated with LNG storage and
loading facilities. This process avoids gas waste while complying with all safety and ecologic
regulations.
Contact: Gabriel Lorenzi, glorenzi@galileoar.com
Additional
Technology
Link to video: & Operating
Amazonia Size range &
LNG-to-powerplant Storage/ Offshore Business Experience
operational O&M
conditions Cost Transportation suitability model to date
requirements
Mini-LNG liquefaction. Unit size is 0.7 MMscfd 437 kW Provides full Vertical / Technology Sale, leasing 5 years
Joule Thomson plus a which produces 5000 power supply training for Horizontal is suitable or liquefaction producing
closed loop single tpa of LNG. (Galileo also customer storage tanks 300 for offshore services - LNG, with
refrigerant Full boil-off recovery provide Gas technicians and m3 capacity applications, customer equipment
(propane) system. driven Units 24x7 technical configured provides the in
when power support. as a gas, Galileo Argentina,
Gas inlet pressure 160 Scalable & modular. Cryobarge. operates and USA,
psi. Each unit fits in the supply is not
charges a Australia,
Treatment system (ZPTS) size of a 40 feet available), Preventive 40’ Isocontainers Please fixed fee per and
can be provided to clean seacontainer, which compressed maintenance for distribution contact MMbtu Colombia.
non-desirable facilitates its delivery air and (1hr duration) (17 metric tonnes company for liquefied
components such as N2, on a single trailer. internet recommended of LNG each) and more 40 systems
H2O, Mercaptans, Start up in 5 mins, full connection each 2,000 Vertical / information. International installed
Mercury etc, and operating hours Horizontal opportunities
production in 10 mins.
reducing the CO2 to the storage tanks 300 sought
Easily relocatable.
required <50 ppm Units can be m3 capacity
remotely
operated
Can adapt to changing Liquefaction plant Opex ~ 1 US$ per
gas composition by (including treatment) MMbtu
modifying treatment. FOB cost 600 US$/tpa.
Page 22 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR
Mini-LNG
6 Mini-GTL – Gas to Liquids
Advances in modular GTL technologies have recently enabled small-scale GTL plants (~/>10MMscfd of gas), highly flexible mini-GTL units
(~/>1MMscfd of gas) and even remotely controlled micro-GTL “machines” (~/<1MMscfd of gas), to be operationally and economically feasible.
Commercial offers are available from a number of technology providers and the first few plants are being built. For the latest update, please see
the latest Mini-GTL Bulletin Volume 5, issued in July of 2018.
The final GTL product may be syncrude, which can be injected into an oil pipeline, thereby avoiding the need to transport another product to
market, or higher-value fuels or chemical feedstocks such as gasoline, diesel, naphtha, methanol or di-methyl ether (DME).
Conversion of (associated) gas to a liquid significantly increases the gas’ value and its ease of transport, but the chemical conversion process is
obviously more expensive compared to other direct gas utilization options such as CNG or mini-LNG. However, it is the TOTAL cost from flare gas
intake through processing and distribution to final use that determines the overall financial return.
Most of the conversion technologies require no pre-processing of the gas other than to remove contaminants. In many cases, separation of higher
hydrocarbons (LPG and condensate) creates valuable income streams in addition to the GTL product revenue.
The individual company overviews include basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment,
the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation.
Page 23 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR
Mini-GTL
CompactGTL
CompactGTL was an early leader in the development of small scale GTL technologies. In
collaboration with Petrobras, their modular innovative GLT-FT technology was demonstrated
in a large pilot plant in Brazil. They then focused on building their first commercial plant in
Kazakhstan using 25MMscfd of associated gas to make clean diesel and other products. Global
political and economic developments stopped the commercial process. Today, 2 projects are
in the feasibility and pre-FEED stage.
Contact: Elchin Salmanov elchin.salmanov@compactgtl.com
+44 0 203 971 2330
Technology & CompactGTL – Additional
operating Size range & operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model Experience to date
conditions cost requirements
Small scale GTL Unit sizes available Plant can be Company provides Company indicated License, design as Integrated gas
via a patented from 1,000 to 15,000 designed on a operator training suitability for well as feed to liquid
two-stage barrels of synthetic completely stand- offshore build/own/operate products
Fischer-Tropsch crude/diesel per day; alone basis applications for smaller Commercial
process required gas supply capacities Demonstration
10 – 150 MMscf/d Plant operated
successfully for 3
FT reactors years with
Product: modularized with Please contact Petrobras in Brazil.
Synthetic crude module dimensions company for Technology
or diesel of a 40 feet container certification and approved for use
Please contact footprint within Petrobras.
Compact GTL is company for costs Over 8 years of
also working on testing in multiple
Waste to Liquid rigs in CGTL pilot
projects plant in Wilton, UK
Page 24 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Mini-GTL
Emerging Fuels Technology: EFT
EFT emerged from Syntroleum, a leading GTL company in the nineties. Ken and Mark Agee are
leading EFT. They have developed a modular Flare BusterTM GTL-FT platform together with Black &
Veatch. Recently they have announced the FLARE BUSTER 25, which is a nominal 25 bpd mobile,
remotely controlled and self-sufficient micro-GTL plant that produces syncrude. 50 and 250 bpd
versions are being developed.
Contact: Mark Agee at magee@emergingfuels.com; +1 918 605 5456
EFT Additional
Size range & Offshore Experience to
Technology & operating operational O&M Business model
cost suitability date
conditions requirements
Advanced GTL-FT catalyst MiniGTL: 500bpd (and up) Can be self- Highly Currently Licensing Decades of
and reactor. Catalyst has 5MMscfd gas, Fob cost <$50 supporting! automated under experience of
high activity and long life. mln operation; evaluation Build and sale world scale GTL
plants.
Modules for gas MicroGTL: 25bpd (and up) Power and Low
treatment for high M 25 (see Picture) water supply, maintenance Large laboratory
feedstock flexibility; Delivery: 26 weeks, FOB cost wastewater cost for R&D and
<US$ 4mln treatment. training;
Modules for syncrude
upgrading to diesel, jet M50 (50 bpd) and M250 Additional License of GTL
fuel, etc (250 bpd) are being requirements, technology to
developed site dependent Juniper GTL, and
Fulcrum and Red
Rock Biofuels.
Page 25 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Mini-GTL
GasTechno Energy & Fuels (GEF)
Gas Technologies LLC manufactures, installs and operates modular gas-to-liquids plants that utilize
the patented GasTechno® single-step GTL conversion process. GasTechno® Micro-GTL® plants
convert associated flare gas and stranded natural gas into high-value fuels and chemicals
(predominantly methanol, ethanol) The unit capital cost of the plants is approximately 70% lower
than traditional methanol production facilities and they require relatively limited operation &
maintenance costs. However, long term performance of this breakthrough technology is not yet
known.
Contact: Walter Breidenstein, walterb@gastechno.com
Technology & Additional
Size range & Experience to
Operating operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model
cost date
conditions requirements
Direct partial Unit sizes Power and oxygen Requirements for Company indicated Design, build and In November
oxidation of available: 300 to are the only inputs preventive and suitability for operate plants, 2016 the first
natural gas to 10,000 Mscfd; other than the gas corrective offshore purchasing the commercial-
produce the potential supply. maintenance applications based feedstock gas from GasTechno®
methanol, exists to scale up teams depend on upon a DNV GL the field operator Mini-GTL®
ethanol and to 30,000 Mscfd Power can be plant scale Pre-Feed Study in plant was
formaldehyde Modular and 2015 successfully
generated on-site
containerized. commissioned
from off-spec gas
One-step 300 Mscfd plant Small-scale plants Process evaluated Other project on a natural
conversion. No installed in a 40’ or purge gas from are designed to by DNV as structures including gas field in
catalyst, no ISO container the GTL process. be operated technically viable joint ventures with Michigan, USA.
syngas. remotely and for offshore producers/operators
Cost for 300 Oxygen generated may not require installation. as well as tolling The same 300
Add-on Mscfd is on-site for scales full time presence agreements with Mscfd unit was
technologies USD1,300/tpy exceeding 1,000 of operators Process has producers/off-takers run on Bakken
can be used to capacity. Cost for Mscfd of natural compact footprint may be possible flare gas in
produce DME, 5,000 Mscfd is gas 40 foot ISO 2018
gasoline, etc. USD450/tpy container for 300
capacity Mscfd
Page 26 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Mini-GTL
Greyrock
Greyrock Energy was founded in 2006 as Pacific Renewable Fuels by Robert Schuetzle and Dr.
Dennis Schuetzle. The company is headquartered in Sacramento, California, with offices and M50
a demonstration plant in Toledo, Ohio. Its sole focus is small-scale GTL Fischer-Tropsch plants
for Distributed Fuel Production®, and it has commercial offers of P class plants (>500bpd) and
M class “Micro-GTL” units (>5bpd).
Contact: Robert Schuetzle; rschuetzle@greyrock.com
Technology &
Size range & Additional operational Offshore
operating O&M Business model Experience to date
cost requirements suitability
conditions
Gas-to-liquid Uses a modular, integrated Power would be required Typical O&M that Company Licensing. Successfully
Fischer Tropsch architecture with an for operations. would be indicated that Greyrock’s JV demonstrated the
conversion. adaptive control system to associated with smaller unit partners technology at the 30
deliver robust Power generation is an oil and gas can be suitable (Advantage bpd level in a plant in
Proprietary performance; optional package equipment such for offshore Midstream in Toledo, Ohio in 2011-
catalyst that P Class plants (Greyrock systems have as pumps, applications. North America, 2014.
directly converts M Class units for flare gas excess steam that can compressors, etc. AngloAmerican in
syngas into (remote controlled); generate enough power Please contact Africa, and Perseus A Greyrock M-50 is part
diesel. M 50: uses 500Mscfd to run the system and in Please contact company for in Mexico) will of a plant under
some cases export company for more build/own/operate construction by
power) more information information plants Advantage Midstream
in Colorado.
Cost ranges from US$
65,000/bbl to US$
A project using a
100,000/bbl
Greyrock M-500,
modified by Expander
Energy Inc, is under
construction in Alberta,
Canada
Page 27 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
Mini-GTL
Bluescape Clean Fuels (formerly Primus Green Energy)
Bluescape Clean Fuels, headquartered in Houston, TX, has developed its multi-patented GTL technology
called STG+TM (syngas-to-gasoline+) which economically produces high value liquids such as gasoline,
methanol, and syncrude directly from renewable syngas or natural gas. BCF’s flagship office and state-of-
the-art demonstration facility in Hillsborough, NJ serve as the hub of its operations and technical
development programs.
BCF has increased its project development efforts in the renewables space, working with various waste
gasification technologies to produce a ‘zero fossil fuel’ gasoline that requires no further refining. Beyond
renewables, BCF continues to work around the globe with governments and private companies alike on
flare reduction and stranded natural gas monetization opportunities.
Contact: John Doyle, jdoyle@bluescapecleanfuels.com
info@bluescapecleanfuels.com
Additional
Technology & Size range & Experience to
operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model
Operating conditions Cost date
requirements
Small scale GTL via All units are modular STG+™ can fully STG+™ plants have Feasibility studies Flexible Operating
multi-patented design and scalable integrate with minimal labor indicate suitability for structures, from demonstration
technology. most gasification requirements. offshore application system supply to plant (7 bpd
(NOT a Fischer- Size range from technologies due to STG+™ flexible build/ own/ gasoline or 14
Tropsch process) 100 bbl/day – 5000 Requires a single layout options operate bpd methanol)
bbl/day Requires operator during and small footprint. with > 11,000
Products: gasoline, standard normal plant hrs successful
methanol, or syncrude Competitive capital utilities; option operation. Please contact BCF for operation
cost. Please contact to locate at additional details.
With gasified BCF for details. operating Shut down for FEED programs
biofeedstocks, all facilities or maintenance is only completed for
products are remote 10 days per year. methanol and
renewable locations. gasoline
commercial
facilities
Page 28 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
7 Multi-phase pumps
Multi-phase pumps offer a potentially attractive way to combine oil, gas and water production from multiple (small) production sites so that the fluids can be
processed centrally, thereby benefitting from economies of scale.
Page 29
Multi-phase pumps
ITT Bornemann GmbH
Company Overview
TT Bornemann GmbH, established in 1853 in Germany, offers Multiphase Boosting Systems
which are used to eliminate flaring and field separation. Bornemann pumps simply boost the
whole untreated flow coming from the wells to a Central Processing Facility which can be
100 km away from the production site(s). In this way the environmental impact is reduced
to a minimum, no flaring and no need for smaller facilities close to the oil wells. With only
one pipeline the untreated flow is transported to be processed in a larger central unit. In
this way all the gas can be more efficiently separated on a bigger scale and can , for
example, be used to run a turbine and produce electricity or the gas can be used for
domestic use and make use of the value of the gas.
Contact : René van Schöll, rene.vanschoell@itt.com
Technology & Operating Size range & Additional operational Experience to
O&M Offshore suitability Business model
conditions Cost requirements date
The Bornemann pump The systems are The pumps are situated very Low Capex - Bornemann pumps can be Bornemann will Since the
can transport the flexible. The close to the wells. Power is The pumps can used on an offshore platform supply turn-key 1990's
untreated- flow coming flow can go needed to operate the operate as and boost the whole flow to systems, with Bornemann
from the wells, including from 20 m³/hr pumps, this can be 50kW up stand-alone, a Central Processing Platform more than 650 has installed
crude/water/gas to a CPF up to 5500 to 4 MW. In some cases with no need or to an onshore location for systems running over 650
tens of kms from the m³/hr. The total Bornemann can supply a for on-site further treatment/separation systems globally systems
wells. No need for investment can gas-turbine to generate personnel. of the gas. we have the worldwide,
oil/water/gas separation, vary from 100k electricity from the gas invaluable onshore &
compression or flaring at USD up to 20 coming from the wells. The The systems are experience to offshore
the wellsite. The gas is mln USD, rest of the gas will be very robust and meet the end-
simply moved forward depending on transported, together with do not need lot user
with the crude/water to the capacity. the water/crude to the CPF. of attention. Up specifications
the CPF where it can be Only one pipeline is needed time >99% and
used to generate to to send the untreated requirements.
electricity or sell for flow to the CPF. No need for
domestic use. 3 (water, gas & crude)
pipelines
Page 30 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise
See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer