The World Bank ADDITIONAL FINANCING TÜRKİYE IRRIGATION MODERNIZATION IRRIGATION PROJECT (P181624) f Combined Project Information Documents / Integrated Safeguards Datasheet (PID/ISDS) Appraisal Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 18-Apr-2024 | Report No: PIDISDSA37507 Page 1 of 14 The World Bank ADDITIONAL FINANCING TÜRKİYE IRRIGATION MODERNIZATION IRRIGATION PROJECT (P181624) BASIC INFORMATION OPS_TABLE_BASIC_DATA A. Basic Project Data Country Project ID Project Name Parent Project ID (if any) Turkiye P181624 Additional Financing: P158418 Türkiye Irrigation Modernization Project Parent Project Name Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Turkiye Irrigation Modernization EUROPE AND CENTRAL 01-May-2024 16-Jul-2024 ASIA Practice Area (Lead) Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Water Investment Project Republic of Turkey Devlet Su İşleri (DSI) Financing Proposed Development Objective(s) Parent The objective of the project is to improve irrigation delivery, through rehabilitation and modernization of distribution infrastructure in selected schemes, and through strengthening of capacity of WUAs. Components Component 1. Irrigation System Modernization Component 2. Innovation and Institutional Support Component 3. Project Management PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions) SUMMARY -NewFin1 Total Project Cost 95.00 Total Financing 95.00 of which IBRD/IDA 95.00 Financing Gap 0.00 DETAILS -NewFinEnh1 World Bank Group Financing International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 95.00 Page 2 of 14 The World Bank ADDITIONAL FINANCING TÜRKİYE IRRIGATION MODERNIZATION IRRIGATION PROJECT (P181624) Environmental Assessment Category B-Partial Assessment Decision The review did authorize the team to appraise and negotiate Other Decision (as needed) Page 3 of 14 The World Bank ADDITIONAL FINANCING TÜRKİYE IRRIGATION MODERNIZATION IRRIGATION PROJECT (P181624) B. Introduction and Context Country Context 1. Türkiye’s development achievements over the past two decades have been remarkable. Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaged 5.4 percent between 2002 and 2022, resulting in income per capita (in real terms) that was more than doubled over the same period. Moreover, growth was accompanied by rapid poverty reduction, with the poverty rate ($6.85 2017 PPP poverty line) halving from above 20 percent in 2007 to less than 10 percent in 2021. As in other countries, the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on growth in 2020, but the country was one of the few that did not register a GDP contraction that year, instead growing 1.9 percent. This performance was due, to a large extent, to the government’s economic policy response to the pandemic, which focused on loosening monetary policy and rapid credit expansion. Moreover, supported by domestic and external demand, Türkiye achieved double-digit GDP growth in 2021 (11.4 percent) and maintained significant momentum in 2022 (5.5 percent) and 2023 (4.5 percent). 2. However, the policy framework that ensured a strong economic performance during and after the pandemic also heightened macroeconomic risks. As a result of the loose monetary policy, the country has been suffering from high inflation (with annual inflation reaching 65.8 percent in March 2024 after having peaked at 85.5 percent in October 2022), currency depreciation (77 percent against the US$ between January 2020 and January 2024), corporate and banking sector vulnerabilities, and declines in reserve buffers. 3. Following the May 2023 elections, the Government has taken steps towards normalizing the economy in a gradual way in order to manage risks associated with the adjustment process . This includes monetary policy tightening, with interest rates increasing from 8.5 percent in May 2023 to 50 percent in March 2024, the unwinding of distortive financial regulations, and fiscal revenue measures to curtail the fiscal deficit. Markets are reacting positively with 5-year CDSs declining from above 500 basis points (bps) in May 2023 to around 300bps in March 2024, two of the major rating agencies upgrading their outlook to positive recently, and one of them (Fitch) upgrading the credit rating (to B+) on March 8, 2024. The authorities are also contemplating how to complement these actions with structural reforms that may help with growth prospects going forward. These efforts will need to be sustained and supported in the coming months because the monetary, fiscal and macro-prudential challenges and associated economic vulnerabilities were of such magnitude that despite the significant progress, there is some road ahead. Sectoral and Institutional Context 4. With over 60,000 km2 of irrigated land, a sophisticated State Hydraulic Works Agency, and traditionally high emphasis on extending service delivery, Türkiye is one of the top irrigation and drainage countries in the world. Türkiye’s agriculture is heavily dependent on irrigation, which triples productivity compared with rain-fed agriculture and provides resilience of steady agricultural production and food security. Climate change patterns are expected to significantly impact yields, especially through increased water scarcity, threatening agricultural productivity, rural incomes and employment, and food security. Page 4 of 14 The World Bank ADDITIONAL FINANCING TÜRKİYE IRRIGATION MODERNIZATION IRRIGATION PROJECT (P181624) 5. Türkiye is a water-stressed country, with climate change, urbanization, and increasing demand from economic activities posing significant risks to its water security. Over two-thirds of the country’s 25 river basins are facing water scarcity, yet demand is steadily increasing. In 2018, total water withdrawals reached 61.1 billion m3, almost double compared with 28.1 billion m3 in 1990, and is estimated to be about 112 billion m3 now. About 77 percent of annual freshwater withdrawals in Türkiye is used for irrigation and 23 percent for domestic and industrial purposes. An estimated 95 percent of exploitable groundwater resources are already being used for irrigation, domestic, and industrial purposes, with irrigation consuming about two-thirds of the total amount. 6. Climate change is one of the most critical risks to Türkiye’s development. Climate change and disaster - related vulnerabilities and extreme events have increased and are exacerbating poverty in Türkiye. The water sector is the primary medium through which the negative impacts of climate change are felt. The sector is also a key entry point for interventions to ensure effective adaptation and build resilience to climate change. The negative impacts of climate induced water scarcity have been particularly felt in basins where populations and economic activity are concentrated, including those hosting large cities and economic hubs such as Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, and Antalya, as well as important agricultural areas, such as the Konya plains. According to a 2016 Climate Change assessment, water demand may exceed Türkiye’s exploitable water level as early as the 2030s in a worst-case scenario. Irrigated agriculture would be the hardest hit, which would in turn affect the country’s economy. According to Türkiye’s Climate Change Development Report (CCDR), a 10 percent reduction in water supply could cost Türkiye 6 percent of GDP, about US$50 billion. 7. Projected increase in population and decreasing agriculture area make food security a challenge in the country. Irrigation opens possibilities to grow a whole range of crops, boosting wheat and barley as well as corn, sugar, cotton, citrus, grapes, and various horticulture crops. Yet Türkiye’s irrigation sector is still characterized by widespread low-performing and inefficient irrigation systems and obsolete infrastructure based on open channel and flood systems in many parts of the country that contribute to substantial losses and unsustainable use of water resources. Moreover, many farmers are tapping into limited groundwater supplies contributing to over-exploitation of the resource. The Government has launched a major irrigation modernization program to improve irrigation efficiency, supported in part by the Bank through the ongoing Türkiye Irrigation Modernization Project (TIMP) and Water Circularity and Efficiency Improvement Project. C. Proposed Development Objective(s) Original PDO The objective of the project is to improve irrigation delivery, through rehabilitation and modernization of distribution infrastructure in selected schemes, and through strengthening of capacity of WUAs. Current PDO Page 5 of 14 The World Bank ADDITIONAL FINANCING TÜRKİYE IRRIGATION MODERNIZATION IRRIGATION PROJECT (P181624) The objective of the project is to improve irrigation service delivery, through rehabilitation and modernization of distribution infrastructure in selected schemes, and through strengthening of capacity of WUAs.1 Key Results 8. The key results (PDO-level indicators) are: • Area provided with new /improved irrigation or drainage services in hectares. • Water User Associations regularly reporting on water use data in number. • Water users provided with improved irrigation service in number disaggregated by gender. • Increase in irrigation efficiency in percentage points. D. Project Description 9. The project has the following components: • Component 1: Irrigation system modernization • Component 2: Component 2: Innovation and Institutional Support, and • Component 3: Project Management 10. The Additional Financing is in line with the existing PDO, and the components included in the original Project’s design. The PDO will remain unchanged.[1] The project implementation and institutional arrangements will remain unchanged. DSI will continue to be the implementing agency for the project, with the same Project Management Team (PMT), which is in charge of parent TIMP, and governed by the same Project Operations Manual (POM). 11. During the last five years of the project implementation, the cost of construction works and consultancy services in Türkiye has been significantly escalated. These can be attributed to several factors, including (i) devaluation of Türkish Lira, which increased the cost of imported materials and equipment; (ii) inflation, which resulted in the general rises in the prices of goods and services; (iii) global supply chain disruptions due to COVID-19 pandemic that led to shortages and delays in obtaining construction materials; and (iv) the devastating earthquake that hit the country in February 2023 and resulted in a surge in construction activities led to increased demand for materials and labor, thereby raising prices of goods and services. These factors interacted in complex ways and resulted in significant cost overrun, 1 To conform with the PDO statement “To improve irrigation service delivery, through rehabilitation and modernization of distribution infrastructure in selected schemes and though strengthening of capacity of Water User Associations� as per the loan agreement in the Parent Project and Additional Financing, the PDO statement will be corrected in the Bank Operations Portal system. [1] To conform with the PDO statement “To improve irrigation service delivery, through rehabilitation and modernization of distribution infrastructure in selected schemes and though strengthening of capacity of Water User Associations� as per the loan agreement in the Parent Project and Additional Financing, the PDO statement will be corrected in the Bank Operations Portal System. Page 6 of 14 The World Bank ADDITIONAL FINANCING TÜRKİYE IRRIGATION MODERNIZATION IRRIGATION PROJECT (P181624) particularly for Component 1 of the project as shown in Table 1 below. The initial financial allocation to Component 1 was IBRD Loan funds of US$249.0 million and the revised cost estimate of financing needed to successfully complete all ongoing irrigation scheme activities envisaged under Component 1 activities is US$344.0 million. Thus, the cost overrun experienced under the project amounts to about US$95.0 million. 12. The contracts under component 1 were all signed during the second half of 2020. However, the magnitude of cost overrun is very high for Alasehir and Atabey irrigation schemes as compared to that of Eregli-Ivriz and Uzunlu due to the failure of the contractor for Alasehir and Atabey to timely start works and commit financial resources, which exposed the works at these sites to the full effect of price escalations. Eregli-Ivriz and Uzunlu contracts also experienced small cost overrun, which was within the original budget estimate for these schemes (see table 1). The timely commencement and speedup of works at the sites helped them wither out the impact of labor and material cost escalations. Table 1: Estimated Initial Cost and Total Expenditure Plan under Component 1 Sub-components Initial Budget Signed Contract Cumulative Estimated Total Estimation Amount Expenditure (US$ Expenditure at Project million) Closing Date (US$ (US$ million) (US$ million) million) (As of Nov 2023) Eregli-Ivriz Left Bank 98.7 62.0 59.0 71.0 Uzunlu 33.0 21.3 16.5 25.0 Atabey 63.7 48.2 7.2 156.4 Alasehir 53.3 28.5 1.4 91.6 Total 248.7 160.0 84.1 344.0 E. Implementation Page 7 of 14 The World Bank ADDITIONAL FINANCING TÜRKİYE IRRIGATION MODERNIZATION IRRIGATION PROJECT (P181624) Institutional and Implementation Arrangements 1. There is no change in institutional and implementation arrangements. The project will be implemented by Devlet Su İşleri - General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI). DSI ‘s Head of the Department of Irrigation serves as project Director and lead a Project Management Team (PMT) comprising of professional staff from the Design and Construction Department as well as other relevant departments of DSI and consultants. The PMT is responsible for all day-to-day management and coordination needs of the project, including fiduciary, safeguards, and Monitoring and Evaluation. The implementation of the project will be aligned with the regular administrative procedures of DSI and participates the relevant regional directorates of DSI. . F. Project location and Salient physical characteristics relevant to the safeguard analysis (if known) The project will finance investments for modernizing DSI’s irrigation systems in the selected schemes. DSI has proposed a long list of 37 irrigation modernization schemes, and 5 schemes (within Isparta, Yozgat, Manisa, and Konya provinces) among this list was selected for the project. The draft feasibility reports of these selected schemes were reviewed during the appraisal phase. While the first set of schemes to be financed under the project will be finalized by the end of appraisal, the selection of subsequent schemes will be completed during the early part of the project implementation period. G. Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists on the Team Ferdous Jahan, Social Specialist Sibel Gulen, Environmental Specialist SAFEGUARD POLICIES THAT MIGHT APPLY SAFEGUARD _TBL Safeguard Policies Triggered? Explanation (Optional) Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.01 Yes Performance Standards for Private Sector No Activities OP/BP 4.03 Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.04 Yes Forests OP/BP 4.36 No Pest Management OP 4.09 No Page 8 of 14 The World Bank Additional Financing:Turkiye Irrigation Modernization Project (P181624) Physical Cultural Resources OP/BP 4.11 Yes Indigenous Peoples OP/BP 4.10 No Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12 Yes Safety of Dams OP/BP 4.37 Yes Projects on International Waterways No OP/BP 7.50 Projects in Disputed Areas OP/BP 7.60 No KEY SAFEGUARD POLICY ISSUES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT OPS_SAFEGUARD_SUMMARY_TBL A. Summary of Key Safeguard Issues 1. Describe any safeguard issues and impacts associated with the proposed project. Identify and describe any potential large scale, significant and/or irreversible impacts: The proposed AF of EUR 87.7 (US$ 95 million equivalent) will cover the financing gap to complete all planned activities under the parent project and, in particular, to complete the implementation of Alasehir and Atabey irrigation schemes under Component 1, which faced significant delays in implementation, due to the poor performance of the initial two contractors. The same Safeguards Policies (OP 4.37 , OP 4.01, OP 4.12) which are guiding the implementation of the parent project are valid for AF and original loan will apply for this AF, as the additional funding is due to a financing gap/cost overrun, thereby meeting the eligibility criteria for the AF for Investment Project Financing (IPF). The project construction works are not expected to have significant or irreversible impacts. However, Bank’s safeguard policies that are anticipated to be triggered will be closely monitored to avoid and to mitigate any impacts that may be induced by the project activities. The primary infrastructure works will involve replacement of existing open channels (earthen/concrete) with pressurized closed channels (pipes) for irrigation. With this intention, the main environmental impacts of the project are limited to basic construction work impacts. In general, these impacts are related to excavation, waste disposal, disposal of demolished material, loss of top soil and vegetation, dust formation, noise, occupational and community health and safety. Additional land based social impacts: No physical displacement is expected due to the project. DSI is also committed to avoid land acquisition/expropriation, to the extent possible, in all its activities. Still, there is a possibility of land acquisition and therefore a Land Acquisition Policy Framework (LAPF) was prepared and disclosed by DSI on August 8, 2018. In addition, DSI will plan their construction work schedules to ensure that there is no disruption of agricultural activities or existing irrigation to avoid and/or minimize loss of incomes to land owners/users and seasonal workers. LAPF provides guidance on minimizing and mitigating the potential impacts on local citizens and ways to fulfill gaps between national legislation and WB OP 4.12. In addition to land acquisition/expropriation issues, there are already ongoing land consolidation activities (LC) operated by former MoFAL (now MoAF) for the potentially selected irrigation schemes. DSI will carry out consultations and follow up on grievances pertaining to these schemes under MoAF’s LC program, whereas all schemes that may require land take through expropriation will have a scheme specific LAP prepared. All possible land induced impacts will be mitigated through the measures specified in LAPs whereas continuous engagement with PAPs and all other stakeholders will be key to project implementation. Mar 19, 2024 Page 9 of 14 The World Bank Additional Financing:Turkiye Irrigation Modernization Project (P181624) 2. Describe any potential indirect and/or long term impacts due to anticipated future activities in the project area: No long term major environmental impact and or an indirect environmental impact is expected. From social angle, positive long term impacts are foreseen. With the rehabilitated and more efficient irrigation schemes, it is anticipated that local villagers will have improved access to irrigation network, resulting in the efficient use of water resources, reducing costs, allowing for cultivation of alternative crops thus positively impact their income levels. Application of land consolidation in selected schemes will also create long term positive impacts benefits of land consolidation practices such as savings in farming inputs, efficient use of water resources and reuse of defragmented unviable land, increase crop productivity, enhanced incomes are also anticipated even opportunities for women to own consolidated parcel(s), which likely may lead to their increased participation in agricultural production. 3. Describe any project alternatives (if relevant) considered to help avoid or minimize adverse impacts. The locations of the selected irrigation schemes to be rehabilitated are identified according to the needs and priorities of DSI in line with the safeguards requirements of the World Bank. The project is expected to finance rehabilitation of 4 irrigation schemes in Isparta, Manisa, Yozgat, and Konya provinces. 4. Describe measures taken by the borrower to address safeguard policy issues. Provide an assessment of borrower capacity to plan and implement the measures described. An Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the project was prepared in order to assess the requirements of national environmental legislation and to compare them with WB operational policies. The draft ESMF was also shared with local villagers and stakeholders via 2 consultation meetings (first one on October 12, 2017 in Senirkent, Isparta and second one on June 20, 2018 in Atabey). The ESMF was finalized with the inputs from the consultation meetings and disclosed in country (August 30, 2018) and on Bank's external website (September 5, 2018). The project is expected to finance rehabilitation of 4 irrigation schemes in Isparta, Manisa, Yozgat, and Konya provinces. In line with the ESMF, sub-project Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs), including site- specific information, are to prepared by DSI and annexed to the tender documents. All site specific ESMPs, have already been prepared and finalized for the parent project and already are in use by the Contractors under the supervision of DSI. In addition to the ESMF, DSI has also prepared a LAPF that addresses the land requirements and impacts of the project in addition to providing key measures for avoiding or minimizing the anticipated impacts of land acquisition. The LAPF has been consulted on June 20, 2018 and was disclosed in-country and on Bank's website on August 8, 2018. Following the final design, DSI has also prepared and disclosed scheme specific LAPs in line with the LAPF. Regarding the LC works carried out by former MoFAL under the national LC program, DSI has conduct consultations after completion of the LC works and follow up on the LC related grievances. For schemes that will require LC to be carried out by DSI (i.e Uzunlu), DSI has carried out a post-land consolidation study in order to ensure that there are no issues triggering OP 4.12 and any land consolidation related grievance is addressed and managed in a timely manner. At project completion, DSI will carry out a completion audit on the land acquisition and consolidation activities. The General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) is the primary executive state agency which is responsible for water resources planning, managing, execution and operation. With this intention, DSI is a main institution for the irrigation rehabilitation projects. DSI also has a separate and experienced environmental department provides supports to environmental sections of the feasibility reports. Environmental department of DSI also has a capacity to prepare environmental assessment reports which are requested by large water works (i.e. dams, large irrigation projects, drinking water supply projects, etc.). On the other hand, the irrigation modernization projects are exempt of Mar 19, 2024 Page 10 of 14 The World Bank Additional Financing:Turkiye Irrigation Modernization Project (P181624) Turkish EIA Regulation. Due to this reason, a special attention of DSI is required for the implementation of ESMF. For this purpose, DSI has assigned responsible parties as safeguards contact point from their HQ. Additionally, DSI has dedicated a staff for monitoring purposes at the regional directorate level. Compliance with ESMF and ESMPs is the primary objective of the monitoring of construction activities. Local responsible parties periodically inform HQ safeguard staff about monitoring activities. Then, the input provided by HQ Safeguard staff have been reflected in the 6-monthly progress reports of DSI. The 6-monthly progress reports have been submitted to WB for review. With regard to land related issues, DSI is a highly competent agency and has substantial experience in implementing both the national expropriation law and resettlement law. DSI is also an influential actor in changing national policies and legislation in the fields that they serve. The institution has qualified expropriation experts who have adopted a participatory and fair approach in land acquisition practices that set a benchmark for all other implementing agencies. Similar to the environmental safeguards issues, DSI has prepared progress reports on social safeguards (including social impacts, land acquisition requirements, land consolidation, stakeholder engagement etc.) semi annually. 5. Identify the key stakeholders and describe the mechanisms for consultation and disclosure on safeguard policies, with an emphasis on potentially affected people. Among the key stakeholders of the project are farmers (WUA members and non-members), water user associations, muhtars, relevant regional directorates of DSI, relevant provincial directorates of food, agriculture and livestock where projects are located. For effective stakeholder involvement, public consultation meetings have been planned and conducted as per the ESMF/ESMP of the project. Community involvement is being sought through timely consultations and DSI’s 4 level grievance redress mechanism is being utilized to resolve concerns as they arise. Both consultations and GRM will continue throughout the project period. DSI has a functional multi-level grievance mechanism that serves all DSI activities. The existing grievance mechanism will help monitor grievances arising in the irrigation schemes supported by the project. Any PAP or stakeholder can choose to lodge a grievance at any level personally, through an application, by email/ telephone or through the national GRM system by use of BIMER (Prime Ministry Communication Center) or CIMER (Presidency Communication Center). Each grievance received is recorded by Document Registry Office under Personnel Directorate in General Directorate, regional and branch directorates. Depending on the type and content, grievances received are distributed among relevant departments by document registry officers to be addressed and resolved within the specified time frame (15 days). All written grievances received through applications, email, BIMER or CIMER are recorded by DSI. Should any grievance received through telephone require an action to be taken by DSI, the complainant is guided to lodge the grievance through written means to allow for its registration in the GRM. Document registry officers (at all levels) prepare monthly reports on the grievances received both through DSI’s own GRM and the ones received through BIMER and CIMER. WUA level grievances received are generally related to issues encountered during operation of schemes, whereas grievances lodged at all other levels can be related to all works carried out by DSI. WUA’s keep record of their own grievances to be shared with DSI upon request when necessary. DSI will maintain operating its current GRM with minor adjustments to allow for scheme level data collection. Any grievance during the implementation of project schemes will be communicated to the closest DSİ unit (WUA, Project Directorate, DSİ Branch Directorate, Regional Directorate or General Directorate) in person, by electronic mail or other available means. All of the objections will be recorded and objecting parties will be responded to in writing. After the objections to plot plans are evaluated, the objecting parties will be informed that the procedures completed will be disclosed Mar 19, 2024 Page 11 of 14 The World Bank Additional Financing:Turkiye Irrigation Modernization Project (P181624) again so that they can be viewed. OPS_SAFEGUARD_DISCLOSURE_TBL B. Disclosure Requirements (N.B. The sections below appear only if corresponding safeguard policy is triggered) OPS_EA_DISCLOSURE_TABLE Environmental Assessment/Audit/Management Plan/Other For category A projects, date of Date of receipt by the Bank Date of submission for disclosure distributing the Executive Summary of the EA to the Executive Directors "In country" Disclosure OPS_RA_D ISCLOSURE_T ABLE Resettlement Action Plan/Framework/Policy Process Date of receipt by the Bank Date of submission for disclosure "In country" Disclosure OPS_COMPLIANCE_INDICATOR_TBL C. Compliance Monitoring Indicators at the Corporate Level (to be filled in when the ISDS is finalized by the project decision meeting) (N.B. The sections below appear only if corresponding safeguard policy is triggered) OPS_EA_COMP_TABLE OPS_ NH_COM P_TABLE OPS_ PCR_COM P_TABLE OPS_IR_ COMP_TAB LE OPS_SD _COMP_ TABLE Mar 19, 2024 Page 12 of 14 The World Bank Additional Financing:Turkiye Irrigation Modernization Project (P181624) OPS_ PDI_ COMP_TAB LE OPS_ALL_COMP_TABLE CONTACT POINT World Bank Regassa Ensermu Namara Senior Water Economist Ahmed Shawky Mohamed Abdelghany Senior Water Resources Management Specialist Canan Yildiz Uz Senior Water Resources Management Specialist Borrower/Client/Recipient Republic of Turkey Ozgur Tevfik Turkeri Head of Department for Economic Relations gokben.yener@hazine.gov.tr Implementing Agencies Devlet Su İşleri (DSI) Mr. Mevlut Aydin Director General mevlutaydin@dsi.gov.tr Mar 19, 2024 Page 13 of 14 The World Bank Additional Financing:Turkiye Irrigation Modernization Project (P181624) FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects APPROVAL Regassa Ensermu Namara Task Team Leader(s): Ahmed Shawky Mohamed Abdelghany Canan Yildiz Uz Approved By Safeguards Advisor: Abdoulaye Gadiere 22-Apr-2024 Practice Manager/Manager: Winston Yu 22-Apr-2024 Country Director: Alfonso Abel Loureiro Caamano 01-May-2024 Mar 19, 2024 Page 14 of 14