The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) Concept Environmental and Social Review Summary Concept Stage (ESRS Concept Stage) Public Disclosure Date Prepared/Updated: 03/29/2023 | Report No: ESRSC03181 Mar 29, 2023 Page 1 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country Region Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Eastern and Southern EASTERN AND SOUTHERN P180171 Africa AFRICA Project Name Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa Practice Area (Lead) Financing Instrument Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Water Investment Project 3/20/2023 5/24/2023 Financing Borrower(s) Implementing Agency(ies) Republic of Mozambique, Ministry of Public Works, Republic of South Sudan, Housing, and Water Union of Comoros, Resources, Ministry of Republic of Madagascar, Water Resources and Southern Africa Irrigation, Ministry of Land- Public Disclosure Development Community Use and Urban Planning, in charge of Land issues and Land Transport, SADC, Ministère Eau, Assainissement et Hygiene (MEAH) Proposed Development Objective To increase preparedness against climate shocks of vulnerable populations in participating countries. Financing (in USD Million) Amount Total Project Cost 357.40 B. Is the project being prepared in a Situation of Urgent Need of Assistance or Capacity Constraints, as per Bank IPF Policy, para. 12? No Mar 29, 2023 Page 2 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) C. Summary Description of Proposed Project [including overview of Country, Sectoral & Institutional Contexts and Relationship to CPF] The proposed RCRP SOP is designed as a flexible, adaptive program that can be tailored to meet country specific needs, geared towards achieving a regional goal. It consists of four main pillars, aligned to the four drivers of climate fragility and vulnerability described previously. The four pillars are (i) Climate Risk and Financing; (ii) Infrastructure investments for climate resilience; (iii) Climate Resilient Asset Management; and (iv) Adaptive Social Protection for Resilient Communities. A fifth pillar includes Project Management. A proposed menu of possible interventions to be financed under each pillar is described in the next section. Each participating country (and regional organization) under the series can select the relevant pillar(s) and the specific activities for financing under each operation. This design allows for a flexible platform to address their specific needs and contribute towards the common regional objectives. Each country does not have to include all four pillars. The Program also proposes a progressive approach, whereby countries that join the program can build up their readiness to transformational investments through a first operation under the SOP, including structures for adequate maintenance, and then move to larger scale infrastructure to catalyze transformational change, in the following operation. The Program is designed to catalyze systems change across select sectors to avoid the business-as-usual model of financing individual investments without built-in sustainability. This will be achieved through learning-by doing, and through the adoption of a whole of government approach. Across the four pillars, the program will finance interventions at two levels, working iteratively: (i) Interventions (i.e., technical assistance, equipment, training) at system level to strengthen how governments mainstream climate change in their operations (regardless of the source of financing) from data information systems Public Disclosure and climate services, to planning, maintaining, operating infrastructure, and design targeting for social protection programs. For this, a rapid diagnostic to identify gaps and opportunities for standardized mainstreaming of climate considerations into selected sectors will be carried out for each participating country during preparation of each operation under the series. This will help inform the choice of activities to be financed. The overall objective of this exercise is to assist the region to achieve higher standards for mainstreaming climate change, and to improve climate services and increase access to climate finance (including from other sources of financing). Doing it at the regional level will also create opportunities for standarization and for learning from peers. (ii) High return investments to increase preparedness to climate shocks and to incentivise system’s change. The identification and financing of these catalytic, high demand investments will serve as a key entry-point for system’s change. Description of the Pillars and the Menu of Options of the RCRP Pillar I. Climate Risk and Financing. Strengthening resilience in AFE requires policies and programs that reinforce regional and national governance, and improve readiness for accessing climate and disasters funds. This pillar will promote multisectoral climate governance and crowd-in climate financing, through the strengthening of Africa’s institutional capacity and voice on climate. It will include creating regional and country-based platform for climate advocacy and financing; supporting deliberate outreach, round-tables; standardizing climate services and Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) to measure the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, sinks and removals for key climate smart systems, including cities and watersheds. MRV is the key to unlocking climate finance and showing progress on climate goals. It will also explore a diversified array of risk financing instruments, scale-up of current regional and national risk financing mechanisms, as well as development of innovative solutions Mar 29, 2023 Page 3 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) where gaps exist . The selection and combination of instruments will be designed according with the country context and the particular type of disaster they are affected by. This pillar will also include a TA for accessing climate finance or Global Public Goods Funds, for example for the protection of wetlands and rangeland conservation. Finally, this sub-pillar will promote improved regional and national capacity to deliver reliable information services on climate risk and strengthen hydromet services and early warning systems. Pillar II. Infrastructure Investments for Climate Resilience. Strengthening resilience in AFE requires closing the gap on access to critical infrastructure for climate resilience and basic service delivery. Moreover, it requires a shift to integrated water resource management for long-term sustainable approaches to water and disasters risk management. This pillar will (i) strengthen the institutional capacity of countries to effectively manage flood and drought risks at watershed and urban levels, including foundational PIR support (Policies, Regulations, institutions), such as improving water resources monitoring systems, water resources/flood management/spatial planning, climate resilient public investment management (PIM), watershed management, and development control, and capacity building; and (ii) prioritize and build appropriate green and grey protective assets and multipurpose storage (including selective large-scale dams) at watershed and urban levels (with transboundary benefits). Pillar III. Climate Resilient Asset Management. A critical part of strengthening resilience in AFE is ensuring the proper maintenance to ensure the sustainability of protective infrastructure assets. Public infrastructure such as water storage and dikes, that are often fundamental for flood management and economic development of low-laying valleys, are frequently neglected in terms of maintenance. Such type of public infrastructure follows often a build- neglect-rehabilitate cycle without proper allocation for maintenance. This pillar will explore options for setting up Public Disclosure maintenance funds based on the subsidiary principle to ensure proper maintenance at the lowest possible level, and improving Public Asset Management and overall financial flows to address climate risks. Moreover, it will finance the rehabilitation of critical protective assets (dams, dykes), and the retrofitting of urban infrastructure. Pillar IV. Adaptive Social Protection for Resilient Communities. Strengthening social and human capital resilience to climate change in AFE will include strengthening social protection policy design, operational and budgetary planning to enhance readiness to respond to extreme climate events and mitigate human capital losses, and reduce household and community vulnerability to promote climate-resilient livelihoods. This pillar will invest in supporting social protection systems to mainstream climate change through better identification and targeting of climate-vulnerable population groups, enhancing climate-content of social protection programs, learning effective and efficient service delivery mechanisms, and expand climate resilient economic inclusion opportunities. Although these core social protection functions have improved in the last decade in AFE countries, their alignment with Government-wide climate change policies has been lagging despite the strong role of social protection in emergency response. Pillar V. Project Management. This pillar will focus on all aspects of project management including equipment and materials, compliance with fiduciary, procurement, and safeguards (environmental and social) requirements, M&E and impact assessment, knowledge management and communication. At the national level, the activities will be performed by Project Implementation Units (PIUs). The first Operation under a SOP (this 'Project') This first Operation under the SOP will include Comoros, Madagascar, Mozambique, South Sudan, and the regional organisation Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). It will focus on establishing the foundations for subsequent investments aimed at increasing climate shock resilience in participating countries, which will then be Mar 29, 2023 Page 4 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) financed in the subsequent phases of the Program. Activities are organized around the four pillars presented above, although the menu of chosen activities at country level will be slightly different to target their specific needs and complementarities with the ongoing portfolio. For the most part, they are focused on the provision of technical assistance and studies for selective protective and storage infrastructure, including large storage (feasibility studies, ESIA, and bidding documents). The only other activities in this operation include the construction and rehabilitation of flood risk management investments in South Sudan (including investments in flood protection structures, community water storage, flood harvesting structures, and integrated watershed management in support of flood-based livelihoods - whose number and location is yet to be decided), and the construction/rehabilitation of hydromet stations in all participating countries. D. Environmental and Social Overview D.1. Detailed project location(s) and salient physical characteristics relevant to the E&S assessment [geographic, environmental, social] South Sudan is landlocked, with many plains and plateaus drained by the Nile and its numerous tributaries. Habitats include lowland forest, montane forest, savannah woodland, savannah grassland, wetlands and floodplains, the Sudd Wetland and semi-arid region in the north, which support rich diversity of animal and plant species. But frequent flooding, conflict, and displacement of millions of people have drastically reduced the country’s food production, leaving an estimated 7.5 million people facing food insecurity. South Sudan is characterized by many distinct social and cultural groups, many of which meet requirements of ESS7 including most ethnic groups in South Sudan. Other vulnerable groups in South Sudan include people affected by social and economic shocks, refugees, IDPs, soldiers, demobilized soldiers, child soldiers, young girls, women and child headed households, female ex-combatants, etc. Public Disclosure In Mozambique, project will be implemented in southern provinces of Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane, focused on Greater Maputo area, Xai-Xai, Chibuto, Inhambane and Maxixe cities, and Nampula and Beira Provinces. The climate is tropical, with woodland and savannah inland, and mangroves along the coastline. Region is vulnerable to climate change and related effects with floods or recurrent/prolonged droughts leading to water scarcity in reservoirs and aquifers. Water resources are limited in most developed southern part of country and groundwater sources for coastal cities affected by saline intrusion. Living conditions are better in southern Mozambique than in other regions due to higher level of urbanization, but region remains poor. Poverty levels made worse by climate conditions, and increased vulnerability to flooding, environmental degradation, and health and safety issues including Gender-Based Violence (GBV). The country is subject to multiple floods, droughts, cyclones, and tropical depressions and southern region is prone to heavy flooding along the Limpopo River. Madagascar project activities will include studies and TA to inform future investments in countries’ eastern cities, which are particularly vulnerable to severe storm events and cyclones, and investments in southern Madagascar, including large-scale reservoir and associated water supply, irrigation and other works to respond to repeated cycles of drought and famine. Eastern city investments may include construction/rehabilitation of infrastructure required for basic service delivery (e.g., water supply, electricity, sanitation, etc.). The SOP 1 project also will finance limited TA to government to prepare social protection programs/instruments to implement future infrastructure (e.g., use of labor intensive works). The project will include small investments in rehabilitation and construction of weather and water monitoring stations in south and east of country. These investments will target areas where additional data are needed to inform infrastructure investments forr finance under future projects. Mar 29, 2023 Page 5 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) The Comoros Islands are highly threatened by several hydrometeorological and geophysical hazards. The combination of hazards with extreme vulnerability conditions makes Comoros one of the most disaster-prone countries in the Indian Ocean, cities of Moroni, Mutsamudu, and Fomboni are affected by frequent flash floods and landslides. The project will develop an urban master plan in two of the cities in coordination with Comoros Post-Kenneth Recovery and Resilience Project. The development of drainage, flood management including feasibility studies, costing, prioritization, final designs, and safeguards instruments will focus in the three main cities. Hydromet related investments will be national in scale but mostly geared at improving coordination, data usage and effectiveness. Security/conflict risks that may impact the project exist in South Sudan and Southern Madagascar, but not in Southern Mozambique, or in Comoros. D. 2. Borrower’s Institutional Capacity With exception of South Sudan, all countries participating in SOP 1 will use existing Project Implementation units (PIUs) and Ministries which are already familiar with Bank E&S safeguards or ESF requirements, through implementation of prior Bank-funded projects. Additional E&S staff or consultants will be hired to meet demands of the new projects. South Sudan’s proposed PIU will be located under the Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation (MWRI), which has no experience in managing E&S risks of World Bank financed projects, nor a unit/department to oversee management of environment, social, health and safety risks of water projects. The government will hire E&S consultants to prepare required instruments, and E&S specialists will be recruited by PIU to manage E&S risks at national and sub-national level, supported by Bank training on ESF and risk management tools. If MRWI hires a third party entity for implementation of sub-projects this entity will include E&S management staffing and responsibilities. Further Public Disclosure assessment on the E&S capacity of the implementing entity will be conducted as part of the South Sudan ESMF and a capacity development plan will also be included in the ESMF. Besides, the environmental and social commitment plan (ESCP) will include a clear information about the minimum E&S capacity needed for management the risks. It will also include commitments related to capacity development. In Mozambique the project will be implemented by Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources (MOPHRH) through the National Directorate of Water Resource Management (DNGRH) and Southern Regional Water Authority (ARA-Sul). The Mozambique National Institute of Disaster Management (INGD) will also implement activities. The Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MGCAS) through National Institute of Social Protection (INAS) and National Institute of Social Security (INSS) will implement activities. These entities have longstanding experience in managing E&S risks, including some complex WB-funded operations. Madagascar institutional arrangements for SOP 1 are still under discussion to identify appropriate entities for the follow-on phases. The envisioned arrangement will include a central entity to coordinate across relevant sectors with separate PIUs for water and for DRM activities. For water activities, the Madagascar National Water Project (PAAEP) (P174477) PIU under MEAH (Ministry Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) will likely be responsible for implementation given its sectoral mandate, existing experience with a World Bank financed project, they are recruiting additional E&S specialists to further support ongoing implementation. For DRM activities, the specific PIU will be chosen based on planned investments under SOPs 2 and 3, with priority given to choosing a PIU with existing World Bank project experience. The DRM PIU capacity to address E&S risks will be further enhanced through recruitment of qualified E&S specialists . Project activities in Comoros will scale up and leverage the existing PIU for the Comoros Post-Kenneth Recovery and Resilience Project. This PIU already exists within the Directorate General for Equipment and Land Use (DGEAT) of Mar 29, 2023 Page 6 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) Ministry of Land-Use and Urban Planning and is in charge of project management, coordination, fiduciary, safeguards management and M&E, as well as coordination among key stakeholders. Additional project coordinator, fiduciary and safeguard consultants will be hired to expand the PIU since current team is fully occupied Post-Kenneth project. SADC has previous experience providing regional coordination on projects financed by the World Bank. Some regional activities will be implemented by SADC's Water Unit, however it has some known capacity gaps. Additional staff capacity building initiatives and recruiting of staff or consultants as needed is anticipated. II. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL (ES) RISKS AND IMPACTS A. Environmental and Social Risk Classification (ESRC) High Environmental Risk Rating High The overall environmental risk for this project is high, both for the construction activities to be carried out in SOP 1 under South Sudan, as well as for the potential downstream environmental impacts. Contextual risks are also high especially in South Sudan. The potential environment, health, and safety (EHS) risks of the Project will result mainly from activities to be financed especially in South Sudan (SS) as the main works will take place in SS). These may include construction of new or rehabilitation of existing protective (dykes, urban drainage) and storage infrastructure, which could generate significant downstream, direct, indirect and cumulative environmental risks and impacts; most of which are spatial in context and irreversible by their nature. Construction of flood management structures may lead to clearance of terrestrial vegetation and disturbance of wildlife. Habitat degradation may occur because of Public Disclosure reservoir creation, changes in hydrologic flow regime, and construction material extraction. Habitat conversion may also result from temporary construction such as storage/disposal sites and establishment of temporary work camps. There are potential sedimentation risks that may affect biodiversity. The construction flood control structures can interrupt the pattern of seasonal flooding necessary to many fish for breeding and growth. Construction of run-of- river water retention structures may physically obstruct upstream and downstream movements of fish and other aquatic organisms, causing a loss of connectivity between upstream and downstream components of the riverine ecosystem. Change in flow regime of water can also change the habitat suitability for aquatic plants and birds. Sand and gravel borrow pits could cause disturbance of ecosystem and could have impacts on biodiversity. Reduction of flooding has the potential for impoverishing floodplain (recession) agriculture, natural vegetation, fisheries, wildlife, and livestock populations on the floodplain. Investments related to climate-resilient livelihoods may have small scale risks on habits and may also generate wastes. Construction/rehabilitation of flood embarkments/dikes and water harvesting infrastructure could generate construction waste and can cause on some levels of emissions (dust, exhaust fumes), noise and vibrations. Dust will be emitted during construction materials extraction activities, excavation, movement of vehicles and related earthworks. Solid waste may result from rock waste and removed topsoil but also construction debris, as well as domestic waste from work camps. Water and soil pollution may result from improper disposal of construction waste materials. Liquids wastes that could be generated during construction include used oil, petrol/diesel, greases etc. There is also risk of contamination of surface and groundwater through spills of cement, fuels, and lubricants during construction. Sand and gravel borrow pits could cause disturbance of riverbed and water quality. Various occupational health safety (OHS) risks such as injuries, falls, fatalities etc. that may occur during construction. Dust from stone quarries or other construction activities can affect workers and community health and safety. Noise from construction can also be a nuisance to the local community. Static or slow-moving water conditions can promote disease vectors that would otherwise not thrive in faster flowing unregulated rivers. Ponds can increase Mar 29, 2023 Page 7 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) the incidence of human disease . The project activities may use vehicle for transport of workers and materials, most notably during the construction phase which may cause road traffic accident and fatalities. Dam safety risks include flood risk management structure failures and floodwaters higher than capacity of control structures that could lead to an increased risk to community health and safety. Social Risk Rating High Social risk for this project are considered high, both for the construction activities to be carried out in SOP 1 by South Sudan, as well as for the potential downstream environmental impacts that may occur for infrastructure investments that will be planned and prepared through SOP 1 TA activities (including feasibility studies technical designs and the development of E&S instruments for SOP 2 infrastructure investments in other participating countries. The country projects are expected to provide positive social benefits, including supporting the government to strengthen national and sub-national institutions, information flow, and capacity to better manage water resources for climate adaptation which benefit the institutions and the communities. The main risks and impacts associated with the project are both i) contextual by country and ii) project specific and primarily tied to infrastructure investments. Contextual risks include potential conflict and fragility issues related to volatile and changing security conditions in South Sudan, Mozambique and Southern Madagascar, as well as potential GBV and SEA/SH issues in all countries. Project-specific risks may vary by country or sub-project, although given the similar infrastructure investments planned across all the SOP 1 countries many of the social risks will be the same in nature even if differing in magnitude. For example, new large or small infrastructure investments including dams or other water retention facilities, or rehabilitation and possible expansions of existing facilities could require land acquisition or the temporary or permanent physical or economic dislocation or resettlement of individuals, household or communities. Labor influx and its impacts on local communities and social fabric could be considerable, especially in more remote areas such as Southern Madagascar. Public Disclosure Likewise, the remoteness of some possible infrastructure investment sites could create security and safety risks to project workers, inadequate stakeholder engagement on project benefits and risks, impacts on cultural heritage, and could lead to exclusion of vulnerable or traditionally marginalized groups from project benefits. Community health and safety concerns associated with infrastructure projects, including traffic safety, depletion of local natural resources such as firewood, waste disposal, and presence of work camps are potential risks, and will need to be addressed in project E&S instruments for each country. TA that leads to changing policies or patterns for water management use by communities could also create hardship or increase tensions among social groups. There are risks of exclusion of vulnerable groups from social protection activities relating to expansion of social registry activities. For Comoros the main social risks and impacts of project activities are (i) social exclusion and elite capture during the selection beneficiaries; (ii) social conflicts due to community misunderstanding of selection process; (iii) potential gender-based violence (GBV) risks and/or sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) and sexual harassment (SH); (iv) child labor among community workers; (vi) beneficiary security issues related to cash payment. Social risk issues will be addressed in ESF instruments such as the SEP, ESMFs, RPFs, SEA/SH Risk Assessment and Action plans, Social Assessments and other tools, including ESIAs and RAPs and Livelihood Restoration Plans once specific infrastructure sites are selected will be developed to assess and mitigate these social risks. B. Environment and Social Standards (ESSs) that Apply to the Activities Being Considered B.1. General Assessment ESS1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts Overview of the relevance of the Standard for the Project: Mar 29, 2023 Page 8 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) ESS1 is relevant for all SOP 1 participating countries. South Sudan is the only SOP 1 participating country where implementation of major infrastructure investments during SOP 1 are possibly anticipated. However, the potential downstream environmental and social risks of infrastructure identified during SOP 1 feasibility studies for possible SOP 2 implementation in all countries also will be examined. The Project is anticipated to reduce the risks of flooding and disasters in all participating countries through both structural and non-structural means. However, the structural flood control measures can have direct, indirect, and cumulative negative environment, social, health, and safety risks. The main environmental, health and safety risks can result from investments such as rehabilitation/ construction of flood embankments, and water harvesting infrastructure (e.g., small dams) which will be financed only in South Sudan in this SOP 1 phase of the project. Key EHS risks of project activities may include (mainly due to the works to be financed in South Sudan) : (i) Habitat alteration and risks to biodiversity (mainly because of reservoir creation (especially for small dams), changes in hydrologic flow regime, and extraction of construction material); ii) Environmental pollution and resource efficiency concerns (as a result of construction wastes, emissions (dust, exhaust fumes), and extraction of construction materials/ resource efficiency concerns may arise from sources and volume of construction materials); iii) community and workers health and safety hazards (occupational health safety risks to workers during construction activities; community health and safety risks due to reduction of the flow of water to downstream community, waterborne diseases, small dam failure, traffic and road safety concerns, etc.); and (iv) downstream EHS risks which may result from the technical assistance activities which will be financed. Downstream the TA activities may result in EHS risks listed above. Depending on the nature of investments to be financed, which aims to promote climate-resilient Public Disclosure livelihoods, there may be potential EHS risks. In Comoros the project will finance feasibility studies, cost assessment, prioritization, final designs, and E&S safeguards instruments of urban master plan in two of the three cities and drainage and flood management infrastructures and hydromet investments at national level. The project will scale up climate resilient cash for work activities (water retention/ management, reforestation, etc.) to reduce climate related risk in the areas with high climate risk. The exact location of the physical of limited investments in rehabilitation and construction of weather and water monitoring stations to collect data in the four countries will be determined during project implementation. These activities could generate local and small risks and impacts, which will be identified and assessed in the ESMFs. The project implementing entities will prepare an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) prior to project appraisal. The ESMF provides a basis for identifying and screening Environmental and Social (E&S) project risks and, guidance to ensure the project activities’ compliance with the ESF through: (i) overall project-wide E&S Risks assessment in line with ESS1-ESS10; (ii) generic management and mitigation procedures for handling E&S risks resulting from the project in the context of of South Sudan; (iii) a preliminary social assessment including risks of discrimination, exclusion of vulnerable or marginalized groups from project benefits, project-induced community tensions, and violence (iv) a GBV risk assessment and GBV Action Plan; (v) Labor-Management Procedures (LMP) including a workers Grievance Redress Mechanism covering SOP 1 TA (and possible SOP 1 infrastructure investments in South Sudan); (vi) procedures for screening of E&S risks and impacts of subprojects and determining what subproject ES instruments would be required ; (vii) templates for site-specific mitigation measures to be included in ESIAs/ESMPs; (x) organizational structure and resource planning; and the (xi) monitoring and reporting system. Mar 29, 2023 Page 9 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) Borrowers in each country also will prepare an Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP), and Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) prior to appraisal, while South Sudan will also prepare a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) by appraisal. A baseline environmental and social capacity assessment will be conducted as part of the ESMF for South Sudan and capacity building commitments will be included in the environmental and social commitment plan. Where necessary, in countries with security risks, including South Sudan and Southern Madagascar, Security Risk Assessments and Management Plans (SRA/SMP) will be prepared, and revised periodically to reflect evolving security risk contexts in each country. As part of the South Sudan ESMF, an E&S capacity assessment will be conducted and a capacity development plan will be included in the ESMF. The ESCP will include clear commitments related E&S capacity development so that potential risks could be properly managed. For dam construction or rehabilitation which may be financed under in SOP2, Project PIUs in each country will ensure that dam safety measures designed by qualified engineers in accordance with Good International Industry Practices (GIIP) will be included in SOP1 TA and studies, adopted and implemented. Following the World Bank Good Practice Note on Dam Safety (2020) and ESS4, where appropriate the PIUs will prepare dam safety plans, feasibility studies and dam designs; as well as dam safety plans will be reviewed by an independent panel of experts if a large dam will be financed. Besides, site specific instruments such as ESIA will be prepared for the dams during implementation stage od SOP 1 alongside with the design studies where applicable. For technical assistance activity which will finance feasibility studies and engineering designs for high priority flood control infrastructure (including large dams), or where TA work identifies specific sites and designs for further infrastructure investment, Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs) will be prepared during Public Disclosure implementation stage (alongside with the feasibility and design studies where applicable) and will include assessment of natural disaster risks (including flooding, landslides, earthquake and others as applicable), and mitigation measures to be included in the project design and Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs), and development of emergency preparedness and response procedures both for construction and operations). E&S parameters shall be used in the selection of sites and projects so that the project selection will take into account the mitigation hierarchy and the projects selected for further study : 1) focus on sites and technologies that minimize E&S impacts where possible; and/or 2) include the necessary considerations and baseline information to ensure that technical studies fully account for E&S impacts and mitigation strategies from early stages of alternative selection, design and stakeholder engagement. ToRs for the E&S section of feasibility studies, where relevant, shall be prepared prior to appraisal. Areas where “Use of Borrower Framework” is being considered: Borrower Frameworks will not be used for this project. ESS10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure ESS10 is relevant to the project for all participating countries and for SADC, and each country plus SADC will be expected to prepare a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP). All participating SOP 1 countries will need to carry out ESS 10 stakeholder engagement and information disclosure requirements related SOP 1 activities involving feasibility studies, preparation of other E&S instruments and other TA. However, because of the potential downstream impacts of investments to be studied under SOP 1, the stakeholder engagement activities and information disclosure needs required for the construction phase of infrastructure Mar 29, 2023 Page 10 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) investments (to be carried out under SOP 1 for South Sudan and subsequent SOPs for other countries) must also be examined and planned for during SOP 1 implementation. Consultations will be included early on in preparation and implementation stages of SOP1 where practical, keeping in mind choices of priority subproject typologies and specific sites have not yet been determined for many types of infrastructure subprojects in the various countries. Given the broad scope of potential strategic and policy planning and infrastructure investments covering the water sector, disaster risk management and social protection, the project will need to undertake consultations with a broad range of stakeholders for the purpose of engaging their views and disclosing project-related information in a consistent, inclusive, coordinated and culturally appropriate manner. Project stakeholders include individuals, government, businesses, and people working in the water, disaster risk management and social protection sectors. Other key stakeholders to be engaged and consulted shall include potential beneficiaries and project affected persons, including vulnerable and marginalized people (women, poor, elders, people with disability and child-headed households), as well as CSOs or NGOs with an interest or involvement in the project. Each country will prepare a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP), the initial version of which should be finalized, consulted upon, and disclosed by appraisal, including the development of or strengthening of an existing Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for the project. The SEP will outline the characteristics and interests of the relevant stakeholder groups and timing and methods of engagement throughout the life of the project. The SEP in each country will also outline how stakeholders will be engaged during preparation and implementation of sub-projects. Public Disclosure Specifically, the SEP will outline how women and vulnerable groups are engaged in the project activities, including the processes of subproject selection and implementation. The project will ensure that information is meaningful, timely, and accessible to all affected stakeholders, including usage of different languages, addressing cultural sensitivities, as well as challenges deriving from illiteracy or disabilities. The project will ensure that all process of information disclosure and consultation area inclusive as possible to ensure that all sections of the affected communities will benefit from the project, and women, youth, and other vulnerable groups are not excluded. The project will further ensure that information disclosure takes place in an on-going and satisfactory manner and in a culturally appropriate manner that pertains to each country context. The SEP to be developed in each country should consider the current practices and institutional arrangements of the proposed implementation agencies regarding stakeholder engagement activities, including aspects of GRM and GRM sensitive to SEA/SH, and consideration for national or local security risk conditions which may affect activities or movements in areas where project activities are likely to occur. Because stakeholder engagement and information disclosure are key principles of ESS10 to be followed by the project, it is anticipated that stakeholder engagement activities and the updating of the SEP itself will be a continuous, ongoing process throughout the life of the project in each participating country. The SEP that will be prepared for SADC will follow the same ESS10 principles as above, but with a focus on identification of stakeholders, their information requirements and an engagement strategy that is targeted to SADC’s particular responsibilities and activities within the context of the overall regional project. B.2. Specific Risks and Impacts Mar 29, 2023 Page 11 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) A brief description of the potential environmental and social risks and impacts relevant to the Project. ESS2 Labor and Working Conditions ESS2 is relevant for all SOP 1 participating countries. South Sudan is the only SOP 1 participating country where implementation of major infrastructure investments during SOP 1 are possibly anticipated. However, the potential downstream labor and working condition risks of infrastructure identified during SOP 1 feasibility studies for possible SOP 2 implementation in all countries also will be examined. Labor Management Procedures (LMP) developed for each country will primarily provide guidance for TA activities carried out under SOP 1, as well as further guidelines for the infrastructure construction works to be carried out under SOP 1 for South Sudan, these initial LMPs will be included in the ESMF prepared for South Sudan. Given that the project will finance different construction works in South Sudan that will require proper management labor issues, a labor management procedure will be prepared as part of the ESMF. Similarly, the TA activities that may engage workers will also entail appropriate management of labor issues. Once more is known about the scope and scale of investments planned for each country, especially activities anticipating the need for large numbers of workers, additional sub-project LMPs may be needed during SOP 1 implementation or during preparation for subsequent SOPs. Overall, the proposed interventions in all pillars may involve engaging direct, contracted, primary supply and community workers, especially once works are begun. Total numbers for each category of workers in each country is not yet known, although the number of workers needed to carry out SOP 1 feasibility studies and other TA work is expected to be relatively small. It is also premature to gauge total numbers required for categories of workers needed for infrastructure investment works (under SOP 1 in South Sudan and subsequent SOPs for other countries). Public Disclosure However, they will include direct workers who will be employed or engaged by the Project implementing entities, as well as contracted and primary supply workers. Comoros also anticipates the need for community workers for its activities. Potential risks related to labor and working conditions, include labor influx, child labor, forced labor, non- discriminatory hiring practices with a focus on the risk of related ethnicity-based grievances, work-related discrimination and OHS risks, as well as SEA/SH risks and will be addressed through the preparation and implementation of LMPs, SEA/SH action plan and the C-ESMPs. This includes assessment of safety and security risks for project workers and respective risk management provisions for the selected sites in each country. The minimum age of eighteen for workers will be enforced in recruitment and in daily staff team talks by contractors. Contractors’ obligations regarding ESS requirements will be included in their contracts. The PIU in each country will monitor worker conditions to ensure full compliance with World Bank ESSs. The project will ensure that workers can articulate violations of their rights and receive redress through rigorous workers’ grievance mechanisms. OHS measures will be applicable to all project workers. Attention will be given to training of workers on OHS risks and awareness to minimize the risks. LMPs identifying the main labor requirements and labor risks associated with the Project in each country will be prepared based on the requirements of ESS2 and national labor laws, prior to project appraisal. The LMPs will provide procedures to address labor issues including, but not limited to: (i) child and forced labor; (ii) unfair treatment and discrimination of workers, (iii) adverse impacts on vulnerable workers. (iv) labor influx and associated risks including GBV; (v) security provisions for various categories of workers involved in the distribution of innovative technologies and different agricultural inputs or who are working in areas of contextual security risks; and (iv) grievance mechanism for workers. The OHS measures in the LMP will be designed and implemented to address: (a) identification of potential hazards to project workers; (b) provision of preventive and protective measures, including elimination of hazardous conditions Mar 29, 2023 Page 12 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) or substances; (c) training of project workers and maintenance of training records; (d) documentation and reporting of occupational accidents, diseases and incidents; (e) emergency prevention, and preparedness and response arrangements to emergency situations; and (f) remedies for adverse impacts such as occupational injuries, disability and disease. Contractors will be required to prepare and implement Occupational Health & Safety Plans (OHSP) following the World Bank Group Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) General Guidelines, adopt a code of conduct to all workers and establish worker specific GRMs (accessible for direct and contracted workers) before commencement of the civil works. Bidding documents for the infrastructure works, including flooding risk management structures shall include budget provisions for all OHS provisions as well as other costs associated with labor management (e.g., the operation of a grievance redress mechanism). The PIU in each country will regularly monitor the contractor’s performance in implementing OHS measures. The client’s quarterly reports should include a section on performance on the OHS implementation. ESS3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management ESS3 is relevant as the construction/rehabilitation of flood management and water harvesting structures which can have downstream risks can contribute to environmental pollution including air, soil, and water pollution. The construction/rehabilitation of flood management and water harvesting infrastructure, such as small dams, could generate construction waste and can cause on some levels of emissions. Extraction of construction materials, excavation and movement of vehicles could cause dust emission. Solid construction wastes that may be generated from the project activities include rock waste, removed topsoil, construction debris, domestic waste from work Public Disclosure camps, etc. Water and soil pollution may result from improper disposal of construction waste and accidental spilages of hazardous products . Liquid wastes that could be generated during construction include used oil, petrol/diesel, greases etc. There is also risk of contamination of surface and groundwater through spills of cement, fuels, and lubricants during construction. Sand and gravel borrow pits could cause disturbance of riverbed and water quality. Movement of heavy machinery and construction activities could cause significant soil disturbance that may exacerbate soil erosion. Water which may be harvested using different structures could be vulnerable to pollution due to human activities in the catchment. Human activities can deteriorate pond water quality due to accumulation of toxic chemicals (for example, pesticides from agricultural runoff) and sedimentation, rendering the use of ponds ineffective and risky. Reservoirs of small dams could emit greenhouse gases due to the decomposition of vegetation and other organic matter inflows, however, GHG accounting, and reduction will be included as an economic benefit in the economic analysis of the project. Resource efficiency concerns may arise from sources and volume of construction materials. Construction activities consume energy and water which also entail efficient use. Consequently, the technical studies will identify all potential water users within the watersheds that may be negatively affected as well as provide measures for periodic monitoring and reporting on water uses. This requirement will form part of the South Sudan ESMF (and others that may be produced during SOP1 implementation for other countries if needed, to ensure that direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of water use on communities and ecosystem services are adequately assessed and managed in a manner consistent with ESS3.There are also potential downstream resource efficiency and pollution concerns associated with the technical assistance activities which will be financed. As such, borrowers will develop pollution prevention measures as part of the South Mar 29, 2023 Page 13 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) Sudan ESMF and TORs for the relevant TA activities in South Sudan and other countries to ensure there is no soil, water, and/or air contamination from the future construction and operation of project-related components. Such measures will include adequate handling and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste and hazardous substances, managing spills, dust and vibration/noise emissions control and other contingencies in line with the General EHSG, specifically the Sector Industry Guidelines for Water and Sanitation. Likewise, any needs for construction materials from quarries or borrow pits will be done through licensed operators. Similarly, transportation and disposal of waste will be done by licensed operators. Further screening will be conducted during preparation of the ESMF, ESIAs or other ESA instruments as appropriate in each country. Site specific ESMPs, which will be prepared based on ESMFs or ESIAs during the implementation stage, shall adequately cover risk mitigation measures for pollutants and resource efficiency concerns. ESS4 Community Health and Safety ESS4 is relevant as the project infrastructure activities can lead to various community health and safety concerns if not properly designed and implemented. South Sudan is the only SOP 1 participating country where implementation of major infrastructure investments during SOP 1 is under consideration. However the potential downstream community health and safety risks of infrastructure identified during SOP 1 feasibility studies for possible SOP 2 implementation in all countries will be examined. Due to SOP 1 TA activities related to the design and safety of future infrastructures, clients will be required to undertake an assessment of the downstream implications inclusive to direct, indirect, and cumulative risks and Public Disclosure impacts on affected communities of the facilities to be considered under TA activities. Each country will need to include in its ESMF or ESIA(s) provisions for screening community health and safety risks, and guidance for provisions to prepare (where necessary) Community Health and Safety Plans (CHS Plans), Traffic Safety Plans (TSP), Workers Campsite Management Plans (WCMP), Dam Safety Plans (DSPs) and contractor contractual provisions for C-ESMPs proportionate to the likely risks and impacts and consistent with ESS4, the EHSG for Water and Sanitation as well as GIIP. Possible impacts on communities may include dust from construction activities, construction noise, diseases brought on by static or slow-moving water conditions in rivers or ponds, increases in road accidents or fatalities due to project vehicles traveling on local roads. Water harvesting structures can reduce the flow of water for downstream communities and can have transboundary impacts. There are also potential community health and safety concerns if flood embankments fail. Safety of dams is relevant for Sudan and other countries which may build large dam infrastructure to control or store river floodwaters. While specific investments have not yet been selected in any countries, in South Sudan, the project may finance preparation of feasibility study and detailed design of Kinyeti River Multipurpose Dam (45million m3 capacity) on Baro-Akobo-Sabat River Basin. Other small dams in participating SOP 1 countries may also be built or rehabilitated for flood harvesting in SOP1 for South Sudan and SOP 2 for other countries. Flood risk management structure failures and the risk of floodwaters rising higher than capacity of control structures of all sizes could lead to an increased risk to community health and safety. Because specific investment sites will only be selected following completion of feasibility studies and other TA during SOP 1, all countries will prepare environmental and social TORs for feasibility studies or TORs for ESMFS or other ESA Mar 29, 2023 Page 14 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) instrument that include procedures for screening for community health and safety risks, including those related to the safety and risk of failure of large dams and other water retention or control structures. Clients must ensure that dam safety measures are designed by qualified engineers in accordance with Good International Industry Practice such as Food and Agriculture Organization, Manual on Small Earth Dams: A Guide to Siting, Design and Construction (Rome, FAO, 2012); the World Bank Good Practice Note on Dam Safety (2020); and the World Bank Small Dam Safety (Technical Note 4), (2021)) will be adopted and implemented for small dams. Projects will also confirm through environmental and social assessments that there will be no or negligible risk of significant adverse impacts because of potential failure of the dam structure to local communities and assets, including assets to be financed as part of the proposed project. Smaller dams could include farm ponds, local silt retention dams, and low embankment tanks. The assessment should follow the definition given earlier, with adequate contextualization. ESIAs will be prepared along with the design study for large and small dams at implementation stage and shall include an assessment of natural disaster risks (including flooding, landslides, earthquake and others as applicable), mitigation measures to be included in the project design and ESMPs, and development of emergency preparedness and response procedures both for construction and operations). Arrangements for dam safety management in South Sudan and other countries will be further discussed with clients based on the conditions and safety risk rating of the dams to meet requirement of ESF/ESS4 on Safety of Dams and Good Practice Note on Dam Safety (The World Bank, 2020). D safety requirements under Annex 1 of ESS4 apply to large dams, and to small dams with safety risks that (i) could cause safety risks, such as an unusually large flood- handling requirement, location in a zone of high seismicity, foundations that are complex and difficult to prepare, retention of toxic materials, or potential for significant downstream impacts or (ii) are expected to become large Public Disclosure dams during their operating life. Once any dams or other water retention sites are selected in each country, ESIAs/ESMPs as well as TORs for related TA activities will include preparation of detailed Dam Safety Plan (DSP) measures for each dam that will comprise: (i) a plan for construction supervision and quality assurance; (ii) an instrumentation plan; (iii) an operation and maintenance plan; and (iv) an emergency preparedness plan. In all countries project activities may also induce community health and safety issues such as exposure to COVID-19 risks and other communicable diseases, within the community and from worker influx for the larger infrastructure projects. These risks and other potential country-specific community health and safety risks will be assessed and guidance on mitigation measures provided as part of ESMF preparation in each country. Incidence of SEA/SH in South Sudan and other participating countries is a significant contextual challenge. Assessment of project SEA/SH risk will be conducted and a commensurate action plan for the identified potential risks will be developed for each country. Given the context of pervasive SEA/SH in some participating countries, the project will adopt a robust approach to address potential GBV risks; including site-specific assessments of the availability of referral systems and its establishment if insufficient. Relevant mitigation measures to address these risks (e.g., integrating Codes of Conduct with SEA/SH related protections into community consultations and mapping activities to identify potential service providers, and establishment of GRM with procedures and channels to enable safe, confidential and ethical reporting of SEA/SH incidents) will be articulated in the SEA/SH action plan as part of each country’s ESMF. The project will include capacity building and training of relevant stakeholders including government partners, contractors and project workers; risks will be monitored throughout project implementation through regular re-assessment with the risk screening tool, particularly as new project locations are determined, and through regular monitoring engagement. Mar 29, 2023 Page 15 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) Also, for participating countries where there are known security risks, including South Sudan, and Southern Madagascar, projects will conduct security risk assessments and Security Management Plans prior to beginning activities in zones with known security risks. Any proposed direct or indirect contracting of government or security forces by projects to safeguard their personnel and property by projects will need to follow ESS4 guidelines, as well as the Bank’s Good Practice Note on Assessing and Managing the Risks and Impacts of the Use of Security Personnel. ESS5 Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement South Sudan is the only SOP 1 participating country where implementation of major infrastructure investments during SOP 1 are anticipated, and as such, the only one that will require an RPF initially, prior to implementation. However the potential need for land acquisition and temporary or permanent resettlement risks related to future (i.e. SOP 2) infrastructure investments identified during SOP 1 feasibility studies and other TA [for possible future SOP implementation] in all countries will be examined. Screening processes and criteria will be defined and included in E&S TORs prepared as part of Feasibility Studies, ESMFs, ESIAs or other ESF instruments, including criteria to select sites that minimize resettlement and economic dislocation to the extent possible. In all countries, investments anticipated or under consideration, may include construction of new or rehabilitation of existing protective (dykes, urban drainage) and (large) storage and flood harvesting structures, and integrated watershed management. Some subprojects may require involuntary land acquisition to enable construction and operation of planned project infrastructure. Public Disclosure These activities may require loss of land or access to land by Project Affected People (PAPs) as well as temporary or permanent economic dislocation. Temporary land acquisition may be expected due to civil works, and the need for ancillary sites to house materials and machinery storage, worker camps, access roads, borrow pits and temporary route diversions. There can also be impacts on crops, businesses, and roadside vendors due to civil works. Because the exact scope and scale of potential investment activities, as well as specific project sites in each country are not yet known, Resettlement Policy Frameworks (RPFs) would only be prepared once the full typology of likely investments is known in each country. Since South Sudan intends to proceed to construction during SOP 1, it will complete an RPF by appraisal. The othe countries will be expected to prepare RPFs, or if specific sites are identified RAPs, during SOP1 implementation as TA identifies the potential scope and scale of land acquisition or resettlement in each country. These RPFs and RAPs will be consulted upon and disclosed in accordance with the requirements of ESS5 and national land expropriation, acquisition or use legislation or regulations. The RPFs will provide the overall principles and objectives of ESS5, including requirements for setting eligibility criteria for resettlement entitlements, organizational arrangements, and the establishment of project-level Grievance Mechanism (GM) to be used during the preparation of site-specific instruments to address potential land acquisition issues. In addition, the RPF will include guidance for compensation procedures for PAPs’ temporary loss of access to their land or economic activities during construction phase. Once investment sites have been chosen through feasibility studies and other TA, in cases that involve land acquisition or physical or economic dislocation, the project will prepare Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), and all compensation arrangements will be implemented prior to any land-disturbance or construction activities at those Mar 29, 2023 Page 16 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) sites. Livelihood Restoration Plans will be prepared for sites where temporary or permanent economic dislocation of PAPs is anticipated. Where applicable, the RPFs also will provide a Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) protocol in accordance with ESS5, including key principles such as informed decision making, the right to reject, the strict avoidance of significant impacts on livelihoods, and clear documentation. However given high likelihood of vulnerable populations, especially in flood prone areas, VLDs should be generally be avoided. South Sudan is the only country that is considering proceeding to implementation of infrastructure in SOP 1 once sites are identified, therefore implementation of RAPs and LRPs will need to be completed before any SOP 1 construction begins. Other participating countries intend to complete necessary technical studies to select sites and final designs, prepare RPFs, and where necessary RAPs (and in some cases possibly begin RAP implementation) under SOP 1, although construction in these other countries is not expected to begin until SOP 2. In addition to large infrastructure investments, all participating SOP 1 countries are considering rehabilitation and/or construction of new Hydromet stations. The potential land acquisition or access impacts of these sites are expected to be minimal to none, as they are or will be located on government land and individual station footprints are small. Nonetheless the screening process, and potential impacts and mitigation measures for these sites will be addressed in the ESMFs/ESMPs, RPFs, Project Implementation Manuals, etc., prepared for each country. ESS6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources ESS6 is relevant as the construction and operation of the flood management and water harvesting structures in Phase Public Disclosure 1 countries, as well as other potential infrastructure investments could have some adverse impacts on biodiversity and habitats. South Sudan is the only SOP 1 participating country where implementation of major infrastructure investments during SOP 1 is anticipated, however the potential downstream biodiversity and habitat risks of investments identified during SOP 1 feasibility studies and other TA for possible future SOP implementation in all countries will be examined. The specific locations for the project activities are known at this stage. Detail assessment on the location of the investments will be conducted during preparation of the E&S instruments and potential risks shall be mitigated following the mitigation hierarchy. As a result of investments in South Sudan, habitat alteration may occur due to reservoir creation (especially for small dams), changes in hydrologic flow regime, and construction material extraction. Habitat conversion may also result from construction-related aspects such as storage/disposal sites, and establishment of temporary work. The construction flood management and water harvesting structures can interrupt the pattern of seasonal flooding necessary to many fish for breeding and growth, change seasonal flow patterns, alter water quality, and disrupt fish habitats. Construction of small dams or run-of-river water retention structures in South Sudan may physically obstruct upstream and downstream movements of fish and other aquatic organisms, causing a loss of connectivity between upstream and downstream components of the riverine ecosystem. These can have significant negative effects on aquatic fauna that require annual or periodic in-river migrations upstream or downstream past the dam to habitats that are essential for the maintenance of the species or stock. Change in flow regime of water can also change the habitat suitability for aquatic plants and birds. Construction activities in South Sudan may lead clearance of terrestrial vegetation and disturbance of wildlife. Retention ponds may attract wildlife and livestock which may become mired in mud and drown in the water. There are potential risks to biodiversity because of sedimentation. Mar 29, 2023 Page 17 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) E&S parameters including biodiversity shall be used in the selection of sites and projects so that the project selection will take into account the mitigation hierarchy. The sourcing of construction materials could have impacts on biodiversity especially for works in South Sudan. Sand and gravel borrow pits could cause disturbance of ecosystem. There are potential downstream risks to biodiversity and habitats because of technical assistance activities to be financed. Further screening will be conducted during preparation of the ESMF for each country. The ESMFs and TORs for TA activities in each country will include criteria and procedures to allow for screening of any sensitive ecosystems and services, to ensure that the investments are designed and implemented in ways that avoid damage to sensitive areas or critical habitats. Site specific ESMPs will cover risk mitigation measures for potential risks to biodiversity and habitats. The country ESMFs will also establish a clear exclusion list for activities that can have significant adverse impacts on biodiversity, protected areas, critical and natural habitats. The ESMFs shall cover potential cumulative impacts of the project investments on biodiversity. Where the screening process deems it necessary for some countries, the need to prepare a country Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP) will be addressed in the ESMF which will set out principles, rules, guidelines and procedures to assess the impacts and to propose mitigation measures and monitor biodiversity related implications of all SOP phases of the project. The specific requirements related to natural habitats and biodiversity will be detailed in the specific environmental impact assessment instruments, notably in the subproject level ESMPs and the C-ESMPs. Public Disclosure ESS7 Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities While ESS7 is not considered relevant for Mozambique, Madagascar, Comoros and Malawi, it is deemed relevant for South Sudan as the overwhelming majority of people in the country meet the requirements of ESS7 for Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities IP/SSAHUTLCs) , including the majority of the ethnic groups in the country as well as in the project area. Hence, it is essential that project interventions are accessible, culturally appropriate and inclusive. The project design and implementation process of the proposed project therefore will embed basic principles of ESS7. Respective planning elements will be included in the project design for South Sudan meeting the requirements of ESS7, including ensuring that consultation and project activities are delivered in a culturally appropriate way in various local languages. A broader social assessment will be undertaken for South Sudan which will inform the project design choices and locations. The Project will ensure that vulnerable groups and underserved communities are not disproportionately affected by adverse impacts of project activities and experience its benefits. Project sites shall be selected in a manner to avoid adverse impact on underserved and vulnerable communities. Project design and implementation should consider the cultural appropriateness, potentially affected populations and/or beneficiaries that may not be catered due to remoteness, cultural inappropriate approaches, etc.. The need for FPIC may need to be addressed in the TORs of project specific studies for South Sudan if these groups and their land, livelihoods or ways of life are significantly affected. The South Sudan project SEP will identify the needs and priorities of all communities and include them in the project design. The Project will build in an iterative social/conflict monitoring process in South Sudan throughout the project period to track how the project activities interact with the local dynamics, so that the project activities/approach can be adjusted in real-time. Mar 29, 2023 Page 18 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) ESS8 Cultural Heritage ESS8 is relevant since the proposed TA activities to support the drafting feasibility studies and technical designs for future investments may lead to downstream, direct, indirect and cumulative impacts on tangible and intangible cultural heritage features. Consequently, the ESMF for South Sudan and TORs developed for feasibility Studies, ESMFs or ESIAs prepared during SOP 1 implementation in other countries will include specific consideration in relation to downstream impacts of proposed interventions (e.g., policies, strategies). Although the project does not intend to finance activities that will affect cultural heritage resources, “chance find” procedures will be included as part of the technical studies. In addition to these procedures, technical studies and ESA instruments will include upstream selection criteria to minimize impacts on cultural sites, assets and practices, and 2) TOR to prepare Cultural Heritage Management Plans where needed. The likely impacts of project activities, particularly future potential infrastructure investments, on tangible and intangible cultural heritage will be properly investigated as part of feasibility studies and environmental and social assessment in each of the participating countries. Findings and recommendations will be documented in the country ESMFs and ESCPs. Furthermore, Chance Find Procedures will be clearly described in the country ESMFs and ESMPs and shall be adopted for precautionary reasons to address the proper handling of archeological or historical remains or objects if encountered during the implementation of infrastructure investment works. Contractors will be expected to comply with Chance Find Procedures. ESS9 Financial Intermediaries No FinanciaI Intermediaries will be involved. Public Disclosure C. Legal Operational Policies that Apply OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways Yes OP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas No III. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DUE DILIGENCE A. Is a common approach being considered? Yes Financing Partners During preparation stage, key confirmed partners include the Cooperation for International Waters in Africa - CIWA (including Denmark, EU, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and UK FCDO) and the Global Water Security Partnership – GWSP (including Australia, Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, USAID and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation). Conversations with donors for additional financing are ongoing. B. Proposed Measures, Actions and Timing (Borrower’s commitments) Actions to be completed prior to Bank Board Approval: Mar 29, 2023 Page 19 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) Actions to be completed prior to project appraisal include preparation of: 1. Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) – All countries and SADC 2. Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) – All countries and SADC 3. Environmental and Social Management Framework if applicable- including - generic terms of Reference for ESIA/ESMP; - Sample TORs for preliminary environmental and social assessment as part of feasibility studies, - Sample ESMP, - Capacity Building Plan, - Labor Management Procedures (LMP) covering Phase 1 activities, and - GBV risk assessment and SEA/SH Prevention and Response Action Plan– for each country 4. SADC will require TORs for TA activities, Capacity Building Plan, LMP and GBV risk assessment and SEA/SH Prevention and Response Action Plan. 5. Resettlement Framework for South Sudan Possible issues to be addressed in the Borrower Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP): Public Disclosure Security Risk Assessments (SRA) and Security Management Plans (SMP) - for South Sudan, Southern Madagascar Social Assessment (SA) – all countries, during implementation once likely scope, scale and possible locations of investments are determined by TA studies. s Resettlement Policy frameworks to be prepared for Mozambique, Madagascar and Comoro, during implementation, once likely scope and scale of investments are determined. ESIAs and RAPs prepared for specific sites once they are identified during implementation if applicable– all countries C. Timing Tentative target date for preparing the Appraisal Stage ESRS 20-Mar-2023 IV. CONTACT POINTS World Bank Contact: Laura Bonzanigo Title: Senior Water Specialist Telephone No: 5241+4106 / 233-030-2214106 Email: lbonzanigo@worldbank.org Mar 29, 2023 Page 20 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) Contact: Edmundo Murrugarra Title: Senior Social Protection Economist Telephone No: +1-202-473-4452 Email: emurrugarra@worldbank.org Contact: Yohannes Yemane Kesete Title: Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist Telephone No: 5355+80756 / 1-202-458-0756 Email: ykesete@worldbank.org Contact: Antonio Manuel Rodriguez Serrano Title: Senior Water Supply and Sanitation Specialist Telephone No: 01-W-2022940554 Email: amrodriguez@worldbank.org Contact: Juan David Casanova Anoll Title: Sr Water Resources Mgmt. Spec. Telephone No: +1-202-458-5657 Email: dcasanova@worldbank.org Borrower/Client/Recipient Borrower: Republic of Mozambique Borrower: Republic of South Sudan Borrower: Union of Comoros Public Disclosure Borrower: Republic of Madagascar Borrower: Southern Africa Development Community Implementing Agency(ies) Implementing Agency: Ministry of Public Works, Housing, and Water Resources Implementing Agency: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation Implementing Agency: Ministry of Land-Use and Urban Planning, in charge of Land issues and Land Transport Implementing Agency: SADC Implementing Agency: Ministère Eau, Assainissement et Hygiene (MEAH) V. FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT Mar 29, 2023 Page 21 of 22 The World Bank Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa (P180171) The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 473-1000 Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects VI. APPROVAL Edmundo Murrugarra, Laura Bonzanigo, Yohannes Yemane Kesete, Antonio Manuel Rodriguez Task Team Leader(s): Serrano, Juan David Casanova Anoll Practice Manager Iain G. Shuker Recommended on 27-Jan-2023 at 17:40:4 EST (ENR/Social) Safeguards Advisor Martin Henry Lenihan (SAESSA) Cleared on 29-Mar-2023 at 11:13:43 EDT ESSA Public Disclosure Mar 29, 2023 Page 22 of 22