ARDHI UNIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED
ESTABLISHMENT OF ARDHI UNIVERSITY-
MWANZA CAMPUS ON PLOT NO. 01 &02, BLOCK
“A”, KARUMO VILLAGE, NYAMATONGO WARD,
SENGEREMA DISTRICT, MWANZA REGION
January 2024
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE
PROPOSED ESTABLISHMENT OF ARDHI UNIVERSITY-MWANZA CAMPUS
ON PLOT NO. 01 &02, BLOCK “A”, KARUMO VILLAGE, NYAMATONGO
WARD, SENGEREMA DISTRICT, MWANZA REGION
INTRODUCTION
Ardhi University (ARU) is a public academic institution established under the Ardhi
University Charter, 2007. ARU has traversed through various transformations from
Survey Training Centre (1956 – 1972), Ardhi Institute (1972-1996) to University College
of Lands and Architectural Studies (UCLAS), a constituent college of the University of
Dar es Salaam (1996 – 2006). ARU is a unique University being the only institution of its
kind in Tanzania and in Africa offering integrated training and conducting research in
land, the built environment and other environment related issues under the same roof.
Ardhi University (ARU) is one of the universities which has benefited from the Higher
Education for Economic Transformation (HEET) project. HEET is a five-year project,
which is financed by the World Bank through the Ministry of Education, Science and
Technology (MoEST). HEET project aims at promoting higher education as a catalytic
force for the new industrial based economy of Tanzania. Thus, the project is designed to
revitalize and expand the capacity of universities to contribute to key areas for
innovation, economic development, and labor market relevance, by investing in requisite
infrastructure for modern and effective teaching and research.
In that regard, Ardhi University (ARU) has set aside the fund for the new campus of
10,000 students and about 200 staffs to be established on plot no.1 & 2 block ‘A’,
Sengerema District, Mwanza Region by 2024. This is in line with University Corporate
Plan (CP) and the Medium Terms Rolling Strategic Plan (MTRSP) which highlight on
the need for ARU to establish new campuses in up country regions as one of the
strategies to expand its training and learning infrastructure and increase students’
enrolment. The proposed new ARU Mwanza campus shall initially serve students for
diploma level and eventually bachelor degrees. The proposed new campus shall be
established in two phases. The first phase shall involve a construction of access road,
offices, hostel, dispensary, studios ad class rooms, staff housing building. The second
phase shall include the construction of directorate of students’ services building, Offices,
library, classrooms, workshop, student center, and villa for senior staff. The buildings
shall cover 8.9% of the total project area (378 acres (1.53Km2)). The proposed project
will have an investment cost of TZS 15, 000, 000,000 (15billions, USD 6 million).
As a prerequisite to the construction of new buildings, the project will involve various
site excavation activities including the demolition of the buildings currently on site.
Building construction and associated activities will inevitably have environmental, social
and economic impacts, which need to be identified and mitigation measures put in place
for ensuring sustainability of the project. The World Bank Environmental and Social
Frameworks (ESF) and Standards (ESSs)as well as the Environmental Management Act
ii
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
of 2004 of Tanzania requires project developers to carry out an Environmental Impact
assessment (EIA) prior to project implementation.
In fulfilment of the above, ARU undertook groundwork and prepared EIA application
documents which included Scoping Report and Terms of Reference (TOR) as a first step
in the environmental assessment process. The documents were submitted to the Council
(NEMC) and the project was registered and allotted Project Reference No.
EC/EIA/2022/9073 as well as an approval of Terms of Reference (ToR) for undertaking
ESIA study was made. The approval was communicated through a letter of 28/10/2022
with Reference Number HE.145/88/81/01 (Appendix 1). These ToR provided guidance
under which the environmental and social assessment was done. The Environmental
Management Act, Cap 191, the Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit
(Amendment) Regulations, 2018, and World Bank Environment and Social Framework
(ESF) as well as the project’s Environmental and Social Management Framework
(ESMF) were observed in the study.
Ardhi University commissioned a team of Environmental and Social Experts to conduct
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Project. The core ESIA
study team is composed of the following experts: Environmental Expert, Environmental
Engineer, botanist, Air quality and GIS experts; and Sociologists and Urban Planners.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The ARU-Mwanza Campus site covers 378 acres (1.53Km2) of land which is equivalent
to 12.1% of the total Karumo village land. The area for the proposed project is human
modified with scattered bushes. It has been used as agricultural field and grazing land, as
well as sand mining area. It has seven (7) residential houses scattered at the proposed site.
The houses belong to villagers who have already been compensated. The buildings
materials used include irons sheets, blocks and muds. The buildings shall be demolished
to pave the way for construction of the proposed project. The topography of the site is
characterized by an undulating plain sloping gently downward from South to North and
then towards the Western side of the site. The project is transected by Karumo road
which is passable throughout the year and the electrical transmission line. Furthermore,
the proposed site has two graves and areas for spiritual rituals to be shifted to other
places.
The proposed projects shall be located on plot no.1 &2 block ‘A”, Karumo Village,
Nyamatongo ward, Sengerema District, Mwanza Region, Tanzania. The site is bordered
by Lake Victoria to the West, Nyamatongo Secondary school and Kamanga Village
settlement to the East, Sengerema-Kamanga road to the South and Village land to the
North. The ARU Mwanza campus is accessible by the main road from Mwanza town to
Sengerema via Kamanga Ferry. The campus is also accessible via Kamanga-Karumo
Road, which passes through the site to Karumo village. The road is unpaved and lacks
traffic separation for motorized and non-motorized traffic.
iii
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Tanzania is committed to attaining sustainable development goal. Some of the policies
and legislation that have a close bearing to this project are listed hereunder:
i. Environmental Management Act No. 20 of (2004)
ii. The Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 12 of 2009
iii. Land Act no 4 (1999), CAP 113 R.E. 2019
iv. The Urban Planning Act (2007)
v. Occupation Health Safety (2003)
vi. Employment and Labour Relations Act No. 6 of 2004
vii. Engineers Registration Act and its Amendments 1997 and 2007
viii. The Contractors Registration Act (1997)
ix. The Architects and Quantity Surveyors Act (1997)
x. The HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act of 2008
xi. The Local Government Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act (1999)
xii. The Tanzania 2025 Development Vision
xiii. Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing (amendment) Regulations (2018)
Furthermore, this ESIA study has also complied with the following tools:
• World Bank’s new Environmental and Social Framework (ESF);
• The World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguarding Policy for Investment;
• WB relevant Environmental and Social Standards. HEET will apply 5 relevant
standards out of 10 Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs), which are:
• ESS1- Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and
Impacts;
• ESS2 - Labor and Working Conditions;
• ESS3 - Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management;
• ESS4 - Community Health and Safety; and
• ESS10 - Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure.
BASELINE CONDITIONS
The proposed site has Electrical, water supply and telecommunication system. Most of the
animals discovered at the site are domestic animals from nearby community or surrounding
residential areas. Vegetation types of the project site are composed of 21 species with high
diversity plant species of different life forms including climbers, herb, grass, shrubs and
trees. The area is dominated by trees species which account for 43% of the vegetation
types found in the proposed construction area, followed by shrubs (29%), herbs (14),
grass (10%) and climber which accounts for 5%. Though the results showed that the area
has two types of grasses but their coverage in terms of land space is larger compared to
other species. The grasses are scattered throughout the proposed construction areas while
trees are concentrated in the areas where estate and warehouse, and multipurpose hall are
proposed to be constructed. Most of the species identified are native (76%) the rest are
exotic species (24%) while no endemic and near endemic species were identified at the
site. In the proposed sites, no species were recognized to be identified in the IUCN Red
list as endangered (0%), vulnerable (0%) and near threatened (0%) species, the rest are of
iv
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
least concern (33%), or lack data (5%) and non-evaluated (62%) species. No specie has
been identified to be included under CITES list. The total population for the Nyamatongo
ward is 25,510 people.The main social economic activities are small agricultural
activities, livestock keeping, fishing and retail shop business.The village has important
social economic services like water, electricity, worshiping centres, dispensary and police
post. However, The expect increase in the number of people that are expected to be more
10,000 will increase pressure on the available social services and change the lives of the
people of Karumo and the surrounding communities.
STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
The main stakeholders include:
i. Mwanza Regional Secretariat;
ii. Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MoEST);
iii. Tanzania National Electric Supply company (TANESCO);
iv. Sengerema Water Supply Authority (SEUWASA);
v. Sengerema District Council (SDC);
vi. Tanzania Commission for Universities (TCU);
vii. Occupation and Safety Authority (OSHA)-Mwanza Office;
viii. Fire and Rescue Army;
ix. Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA);
x. Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited (TTCL);
Tanzanian Lake Victoria Basin Water Board (LVBWB);
xi. Local communities of Karumo and Kamanga villages;
xii. Ardhi University Students including vulnerable students and those with
disabilities; Ardhi University Students Organisation (ARUSO);
xiii. Academic and Administrative staffs through their respective organisations
(ARISA and THTU respectively);
xiv. Local government authorities of Nyamatongo ward, Karumo and Kamanga
villages
Major issues raised are:
i. The proposed college will generate knowledge, which would enhance sustainable
utilisation of natural resources. Therefore, the proponent should ensure protection
of all water supply systems around the project site.
ii. Waste Management problems.
ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS
(a) Environmental risks and impacts assessment done included: (i) those defined by
the WB Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines (EHSGs); (ii) those related
to community safety; (iii) those related to climate change (iv) any material threat
to the protection, conservation, maintenance and restoration of natural habitats
and biodiversity; and (v) those related to ecosystem services and the use of living
natural resources; and (vi) those related to the design of the physical facilities.
(b) The Social risks and impacts assessment done included: (i) threats to human
security through crime or violence; (ii) risks that project impacts fall
v
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
disproportionately on individuals and groups who, because of their particular
circumstances, may be disadvantaged or vulnerable; and (iii) negative economic
and social impacts relating to the involuntary taking of land or restrictions on land
use.
Impacts associated with the project
A: Impacts on the physical Environment
Positive environmental impacts
i. Improved amenities/ landscaping
ii. Increase waste management facility in the area
iii. Improved health, safety and security in the area
iv. Improved aesthetic value, and
v. Improve easy flow of natural air
Negative environmental impacts
vi. Loss of arable land
vii. Loss of biodiversity
viii. Change of habitat
ix. Loss of ecosystems services
x. Acceleration of soil erosion
xi. Generation of liquid waste
xii. Generation of solid waste
xiii. Generation of Hazardous waste
xiv. Increased runoff/storm water
xv. Land pollution
xvi. Surface and ground Water Pollution
xvii. Air pollution
xviii. Contribution to Climate change
xix. Noise pollution
xx. Generation of vibrations
xxi. Visual impact
xxii. Increase pressure on natural resources
B. Impacts on Social Environment
Positive social impacts
i. Loss of arable land for cultivation
ii. Employment opportunities
iii. Increase in income generation opportunities
iv. Changes in lifestyle and quality of life
v. Increased skills and impart knowledge to local communities
vi. Increase of academic facilities in Mwanza
Negative social impacts
vii. Loss of cultural assets and displacement ritual sites
viii. Change of habitant
ix. Population increase
x. Increased pressure on social services
xi. Increased traffic flow
vi
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
xii. Increased risks of road/ ferry accidents
xiii. Increase in level of crimes
xiv. Increased risks of communicable diseases
xv. Change in social values and ethics
xvi. Increase in conflicts
xvii. Food insecurity
xviii. Price inflation of goods and services
xix. Occupation health, safety and security risks
xx. Community health and safety risks
xxi. Child labour
xxii. Increased incidence of GBV/SEA/SH
xxiii. Increased transmission of STDs, COVID etc
xxiv. Loss of livelihood
xxv. Restrictions on use of access road to Karumo village
xxvi. Loss of employment
C. Economic Impacts
Positive impacts
i. Increased Revenues to local authorities
ii. Increased commercial and social activities around project locations
iii. Increased Income to local suppliers and service providers
iv. Increased land values
MITIGATION MEASURES
The design of the mitigation measures for the identified Environmental and Social
impacts applied the mitigation hierarchy suggested in the ESF (i.e. ESS1) which are:
a) Anticipate and avoid risks and impacts;
b) Where avoidance is not possible, minimize or reduce risks and impacts to
acceptable levels;
c) Once risks and impacts have been minimized or reduced, mitigate; and
d) Where significant residual impacts remain, compensate for or offset them, where
technically and financially feasible.
Many of the mitigation measures put forward are essentially good engineering practice
that shall be adhered to during all the project phases.
Potential mitigation measures during construction phase
Negative Social Impacts
i. Institute good site practices including prevent public access to the construction
site by securing equipment and demarcate excavate, using warning signs with
appropriate text (local language) and graphic displays;
ii. Institute traffic management and safety programme including, training and testing
of heavy vehicles operators and drivers, enforcement of speed limits, maximum
vii
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
loading restrictions and compliance with all Tanzania transportation law and
standards;
iii. Provide more avenues for service providers e.g. cafeteria and restaurants
iv. Constructions of police stations at Ardhi University and the surrounding
communities
v. Awareness campaigns /Education on HIV, COVID-19 and STDs shall be
provided to workers;
vi. The project will prepare a GBV Action Plan that ensures project awareness
raising strategy (for workers and community members), a list of GBV service
Providers to which GBV survivors will be referred, revisions to the GRM to
ensure it can address GBV complaints, and information on GBV allegation
procedures in the workplace.
vii. ARU will conduct regular monitoring of project workers in relation to health,
working conditions, hours of work, minimum age, and the other requirement of
national law.
Negative Environmental Impacts
i. Equipment shall be maintained in good running condition and equipment, which
generate excessive black smoke shall not be used;
ii. Enforce vehicle road restrictions to avoid excessive emissions from engine
overloading, where practical switching off engines will be done when machines
are not in use;
iii. Protect stockpiles of friable material subject to wind through wetting;
iv. Cover loads with friable material during transportation;
v. Green spaces shall be maximized in project areas
vi. Vehicles carrying construction materials shall be restricted to work during night
time only;
vii. Impact pile driving shall be avoided where possible in vibration sensitive areas;
viii. Wastewater shall be properly treated using the system consists of the Septic –soak
away system; UASB and wetland. Only effluents complying with Tanzania
Standard will be discharged on receiving water body.
ix. The contractor shall have adequate facilities for handling the construction waste
including the demolition waste from the 7 houses to be demolished;
x. Construction will be done as per engineering design and procedure of which a
maximum requirement of compaction strength is achieved during the
construction. That is maximum dry density (MDD) specified in the design manual
by consultant;
xi. Locating parts of the development further away from the general public;
xii. Clearance of patches of native forest remaining in the neighbourhood of the
proposed project shall be avoided;
viii
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Potential mitigation measures during the operation phase
Negative Social Impacts
i. A safety, health and environment induction course shall be conducted to all
students and workers, putting more emphasis on HIV/AIDS, which has become a
national disaster as well as other emerging pandemics such as COVID 19 and
dengue fever;
ii. Use of water conservatively by instituting technologies (e.g. self-lock water taps)
and awareness raising notices to users, etc.;
iii. The project will prepare a GBV Action Plan that ensures project awareness
raising strategy (for workers and community members), a list of GBV service
Providers to which GBV survivors will be referred, revisions to the GRM to
ensure it can address GBV complaints, and information on GBV allegation
procedures in the workplace.
iv. ARU will conduct regular monitoring of project workers in relation to health,
working conditions, hours of work, minimum age, and the other requirement of
national law.
v. Provide more avenues for service providers e.g. cafeteria and restaurants
vi. Constructions of outpost police stations at Ardhi University-Mwanza Campus in
order to strengthen security service;
vii. The cooperation of local people together will help to lessen criminal incidents and
maintain security of people and their properties.
Impacts on physical environment
i. Septic –soak away system, UASB and wetland shall be designed in such a way
waste treatment is achieved by 100% before disposal to the receiving water body;
ii. The design of storm water drainage will be given a high priority;
iii. Adequate number of portable fire extinguishers shall be placed at strategic
locations;
iv. Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all the time;
v. The design of buildings shall strictly adhere to the Fire Safety Standards;
vi. To change the consumption behaviour in terms of energy and water
Mitigation Measures During Decommissioning Phase
Social impacts
• Seminars shall be conducted on alternative means of livelihood after termination of
job
Environmental Impacts
i. The debris resulting from the demolition will either be transported by a licensed
waste transporter for dumping at an approved site or used as base material for new
construction work;
ix
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
ii. All the necessary health and safety measures will be implemented including provision
of personal protective equipment such as, safety harnesses, helmets, gloves,
respirators, safety shoes, coveralls, goggles and ear protectors;
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN
The options to minimize or prevent the identified adverse social and environmental
impacts as well as a monitoring plan have been suggested in this report and are contained
in the ESMP. Many of them are based on good engineering and social practices. The
ESMP defines roles and responsibility of different actors of the plan. However, the key
actors during construction phase is contractor and Ardhi University while during the
operation phase, Ardhi University will be the key actor in implementation of mitigation
measures. The associated environmental costs amount to Tshs 572,000,000.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
There will be four types of monitoring activities; i) baseline monitoring, ii) impact
monitoring, compliance monitoring, and mitigation monitoring. The monitoring of
environmental and social parameters during the construction phase shall be carried out by
the Contractor’s safeguard team (i.e. Environmental, social and safety experts), under the
supervision of the Consultant’s safeguard team. The responsibility for mitigation and
monitoring during the operation phase will lie with the ARU Estate Department.
Depending on the implementation status and sensitivity of any emerging issues, OSHA
and /or NEMC will perform annual EHS reviews in which environmental concerns raised
will be reviewed alongside project implementation. The estimated annual costs for
carrying out the proposed environmental motoring programme amounts to Tshs
22,000,000.
DECOMMISSIONING
As decommissioning will take place in the remote future, the specific conditions for
mitigation are generally inherently uncertain. In view of this, specific mitigation
measures pertaining to environmental impacts of decommissioning works cannot be
proposed at the moment with a reasonable degree of certainty. A decommissioning plan
that considers environmental issues shall be prepared by the developer prior to the
decommissioning works. Should it be done, decommissioning may entail change of use
(functional changes) or demolition triggered by change of land use.
PROJECT COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
The implementation of the proposed new buildings project at ARU shall have costs to
community, government and the environment. For instance, community shall have
inherent costs associated with noise, impairment of air quality, and Safety and health
risks. However, the introduction of mitigation measures will reduce the anticipated
impacts. The government has secured the loan for this project; and there will be costs for
mitigating environmental impacts. On the other hand, the proposed new buildings project
has both direct and indirect benefits to university, neighbour and the government as well.
The benefits of the project is experienced in all phases from mobilization, construction,
operation to decommissioning phase. Several benefits are associated with the proposed
x
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
development both at local and national level in terms of revenue generation and the
multiplier effects associated with linkages with local and national economy. However,
building construction projects may generate negative benefits though; they are usually
minimal compared to the positive benefits. Some of those benefits are non- quantifiable
thus cannot be used in the cost- benefit analysis estimations.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The proposed project will contribute to socio-economic benefits to both ARU and the
nation at large. These socio-economic benefits include: Creation of employment
opportunities; increase income to the ARU and the Country as whole. On the other hand,
the proposed project will entail some adverse environmental impacts of which adequate
mitigation measures have been proposed and incorporated in the project design. The
environmental impacts identified from this project include but not limited to: Increased
noise levels; increased dust levels; waste management problems, storm water generation
and safety and health risks.
It is, therefore, concluded that the proposed ARU buildings project will entail no
significant impacts provided that the recommended mitigation measures are adequately
and timely implemented. The identified impacts will be managed through the proposed
mitigation measures and implementation regime laid down in this ESIA. ARU will
implement all the recommendations given in this ESIA and carry-out the environmental
auditing and monitoring schedules.
xi
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ II
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. XII
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ XXII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................................XXIII
ACRONYMS AND ABREVIATIOS......................................................................... XXIV
CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. 1
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background and justification ............................................................................... 1
1.2 Project Rationale .................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Objectives of the HEET project ........................................................................... 2
1.3.2 Specific Objectives for ARU – Mwanza Campus HEET project ..................... 2
1.4 Need for ESIA Study............................................................................................ 3
1.3 Objectives of the EIA Study................................................................................. 3
1.5 Scope of Work .......................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 4
1.6.1 Desk study ............................................................................................................. 4
1.6.2 Fieldwork .......................................................................................................... 4
1.6.3 Public participation ........................................................................................... 7
1.7 Project impact assessment......................................................................................... 7
1.7.1 Project impacts identification ................................................................................ 7
1.7.2 Impact Assessment ................................................................................................ 8
1.7.3 Development of Mitigation Measures ................................................................... 8
1.8 Report Structure ................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................. 10
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 10
2.1 Location and Accessibility ................................................................................. 10
2.1.1 Location ............................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 Sites description .................................................................................................. 11
2.2 Project Components ........................................................................................... 11
2.2.1 Project Components ............................................................................................. 11
2.2 Project Design .................................................................................................... 13
2.2.1 Climate Change risks mitigation and adaptation in the Project Design ......... 13
2.2.3 Gender inclusivity........................................................................................... 14
2.3 Development Conditions ........................................................................................ 15
2.4 LAND OWNERSHIP AND REQUIREMENT .......................................................... 16
2.5 MANPOWER AND UTILITY REQUIREMENTS ................................................... 16
2.5.1 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................... 16
2.5.2 ENERGY PROVISIONS ......................................................................................... 16
2.5.3 WATER REQUIREMENT ...................................................................................... 17
2.5.4 ACCESS AND SERVICE ROADS......................................................................... 17
2.6 Project activities in general ................................................................................ 17
2.7 PROJECT BOUNDARIES ....................................................................................... 26
CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................... 28
3.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS .............................. 28
xii
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
3.1 Introduction and state of the Art ........................................................................ 28
3.2.1 The National Environmental Policy (2021) ......................................................... 28
3.2.2 The National Land Policy (2019) ................................................................... 28
3.2.3 The Construction Policy (2003) ..................................................................... 29
3.2.4 The National Gender Policy (2002) ..................................................................... 29
3.2.5 The Energy Policy (2015) .................................................................................... 29
3.2.6 The National Water Policy (URT, 2002) ............................................................. 29
3.2.7 The National Health Policy (URT, 2008) ............................................................ 30
3.2.8 The Urban Planning and Space Standards Policy 2012 ....................................... 30
3.2.9 The Tanzania Education and Training Policy (2014) ......................................... 30
3.2.10 The National Mineral Policy (2009) ............................................................... 30
3.2.11 The National Employment Policy (2008) ....................................................... 30
3.2.12 The National Women and Gender Development Policy (2000)..................... 31
3.2.13 The National Policy on HIV/AIDS (2001) ..................................................... 31
3.2.14 The National Research and Development Policy (2010) ............................... 31
3.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................... 31
3.3.1 The Environmental Management Act (EMA), 2004 ........................................... 31
3.3.2 The Land Act, Cap. 113 R.E. 2019 ................................................................ 32
3.3.3 The Urban Planning Act (2007) ..................................................................... 33
3.3.4 The Occupational Health and Safety Act No. 5 of 2003 ................................ 33
3.3.5 The Engineers Registration (Amendment) Act of 2007 ................................. 33
3.3.6 The Contractors Registration (Amendment) Act, 2008.................................. 33
3.3.7 The Architects and Quantity Surveyors Act (2010) ....................................... 33
3.3.8 The Public Health Act, 2009 ................................................................................ 34
3.3.9 The Fire and Rescue Act, No. 14 of 2007............................................................ 34
3.3.10 The Employment and Labour Relations Act, No.6 of2004 ............................ 34
3.3.11 The Workers Compensation Act (No.20), 2008 ................................................ 35
3.3.12 The Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS Act (No.28), 2008 ...................... 35
3.3.13 The Standard Act of 2009 ............................................................................... 36
3.3.14 The Universities Act No. 7 of 2005 ................................................................ 38
3.3.15 The Education (Amendment) Act, 1995 ........................................................... 38
3.3.16 The Water Resource Management Act, No. 11 of 2009 ................................... 38
3.3.17 The Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 5 of 2019 ........................................ 39
3.3.18 The Electricity Act No 10 of 2008 ................................................................. 39
3.3.19 The Roads Act No. 13 of 2007 ....................................................................... 39
3.3.20 The Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, Cap. 288 R.E 2009].......... 39
3.3.21 The Local Government Law (Miscellaneous Amendment) Act, 2006 .......... 40
3.3.22 The Persons with Disability Act, 2010 .............................................................. 40
3.4.1 The Tanzania Development Vision 2025 ............................................................ 40
3.4.2 The Third National Five-Year Development Plan (FYDP III; 2021/22 – 2025/26)
...................................................................................................................................... 41
3.4.3 The National Plan of Action to End Violence Against Women and Children
(NPA-VAWC) 2017/18-2021/22 ................................................................................. 41
3.5.1 The Environmental Management (Environmental Impact Assessment and
Audit) (Amendment) Regulations (2018) ..................................................................... 42
xiii
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
3.5.2 The Environmental Management (Registration and Practicing of Environmental
Experts) Regulations, 2021 .......................................................................................... 43
3.5.3 The Environmental Management (Fee and charges) (Amendment) Regulations,
2021 .............................................................................................................................. 43
3.5.4 The Environmental Management (Air Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007
43
3.5.5 The Environmental Management (Soil Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007
44
3.5.6 The Environmental Management (Water Quality Standards) Regulations,
2007 44
3.5.7 The Environmental Management (Standards for Control of Noise and Vibration
Pollution) Regulations, 2015 ........................................................................................ 44
3.5.8 The Environmental Management (Hazardous Waste Control and Management)
Regulations, 2019 ......................................................................................................... 45
3.5.9 The Environmental Management (Solid Waste Management) Regulations, 2009
...................................................................................................................................... 45
3.5.10 The Fire and Rescue Force (Safety Inspections & Certificates) amendment
Regulations, 2014 ......................................................................................................... 45
3.5.11 The Environmental Management (Control and Management of Electrical and
Electronic Equipment Waste) Regulations, 2021......................................................... 45
3.6.1 The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (1992) ..................................... 46
3.6.2 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) ........... 46
3.6.3 The Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, 1989 ................................................................ 46
3.6.4 ILO Convention: C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 ......... 47
3.6.5 ILO Convention: C138 Minimum Age Convention, 1973.................................. 47
3.6.6 ILO Convention: C148 Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and
Vibration) Convention, 1977 ........................................................................................ 47
3.7 ARU Project Implementation Team ....................................................................... 51
3.8 Key players in implementing the ESMP ................................................................ 56
3.8.1 ARU – Mwanza Campus ..................................................................................... 56
3.8.2 NEMC ................................................................................................................. 56
3.8.3 The Contractor ..................................................................................................... 56
3.9 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STANDARDS .................... 57
3.9.1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and
Impacts (ESS1) ............................................................................................................. 60
3.9.2 Labor and Working Conditions (ESS2) ............................................................... 60
3.9.3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management (ESS3) ........... 61
3.9.4 Community Health and Safety (ESS4) ................................................................ 61
3.9.5. Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement
(ESS5) ........................................................................................................................... 61
3.9.6 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure (ESS10) .......................... 62
3.10 WORLD BANK GROUP EHS GUIDELINES ........................................................ 62
CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................. 64
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS ................................. 64
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 64
xiv
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
4.2 Physical Characteristics...................................................................................... 64
4.2.1 Climate............................................................................................................ 64
4.2.2 Existing land use ................................................................................................. 67
4.2.3 Existing land cover ......................................................................................... 67
4.2.4 Topography ..................................................................................................... 67
4.2.5 Soils ................................................................................................................ 68
4.2.6 Soil erosion potential ...................................................................................... 68
4.2.7 Hydrological characteristics of Ardhi Mwanza campus ...................................... 68
4.2.8 Air Quality ........................................................................................................... 68
4.2.9 Noise Levels ........................................................................................................ 70
4.2.10 Potential natural disasters risks ......................................................................... 70
4.3 Biological Characteristics .................................................................................. 70
4.3.1 Type of habitat ..................................................................................................... 71
4.3.2 The Flora .............................................................................................................. 71
4.3.3 Vegetation categories in the study area .......................................................... 71
4.3.4 List of exotic and endemic species ................................................................. 72
4.3.5 List of IUCN Threatened Plant Species Categories and CITES identified in
the area 72
4.3.6 Animals ........................................................................................................... 73
4.3.7 Ecosystem and Ecosystem services ................................................................ 73
4.4.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS ..................................... 75
4.4.1 Demography ........................................................................................................ 75
4.4.2 Education ............................................................................................................. 75
4.4.3 Health Services .................................................................................................... 76
4.4.4 Religious Facilities .............................................................................................. 77
4.4.5 Transportation Network ...................................................................................... 77
4.4.6 Telecommunication ............................................................................................. 77
4.4.7 Water ................................................................................................................... 78
4.4.8 Power ................................................................................................................... 78
4.5 ECONOMIC CONTEXT AND ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN
THE PROJECT AREA ......................................................................................... 78
4.5.1 Fishing Activities ................................................................................................ 78
4.5.2 Farming Activities ............................................................................................... 79
4.5.3 Livestock keeping Activities ............................................................................... 79
4.5.4 Commercial Activities ......................................................................................... 79
CHAPTER FIVE .............................................................................................................. 81
STAKEHOLDERS’ ENGAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS ............................................... 81
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 81
5.2 Goals of the consultation process ........................................................................... 81
5.3 Stakeholder Identification ....................................................................................... 81
5.4 Stakeholder engagement Approach during Preparation Phase ............................... 83
5.5 Stakeholders Engagement during Implementation ................................................. 90
CHAPTER SIX ................................................................................................................. 94
6.0 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVES . 94
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 94
6.2 Impact Identification .......................................................................................... 94
xv
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.2.1 Impacts associated with preconstruction, construction and operational phase ... 94
6.3 Impact Evaluation .............................................................................................. 96
6.5.1 Job Creation and employment opportunities ..................................................... 108
6.5.2 Increase in income generation opportunities ..................................................... 108
6.5.3 Changes in lifestyle and quality of life .............................................................. 108
6.5.4 Increased Revenues to local and national Authorities ....................................... 109
6.5.5 Increased commercial and social activities around project locations ................ 109
6.5.6 Increased income to local suppliers and service providers ................................ 110
6.5.7 Loss of cultural assets and displacement of ritual sites ..................................... 110
6.5.8 Community health and safety risks .................................................................... 110
6.5.9 Loss of livelihood .............................................................................................. 111
6.5.10 Loss of revenue to the government .................................................................. 111
6.5.11 Risk of buildings/structural designs to have potential to generate
emergency/disaster events .......................................................................................... 112
6.5.12 Change of habitat ............................................................................................. 112
6.5.13 Loss of biodiversity.......................................................................................... 113
6.5.14 Loss/reduction of ecosystem services .............................................................. 113
6.5.15 Loss of arable land ........................................................................................... 114
6.5.16 Acceleration of Soil Erosion ............................................................................ 114
6.5.17 Loss of Landscape and scenic view ................................................................. 114
6.5.18 Land pollution .................................................................................................. 115
6.5.19 Impacts on surface and ground water quality .................................................. 115
6.6.1 Jobs creation/Employment opportunities ........................................................... 115
6.6.2 Increase in income generation opportunities ..................................................... 116
6.6.4 Increased skills and impart knowledge to local communities ........................... 116
6.6.5 Increased Revenues to local and national Authorities ....................................... 117
6.6.6 Increased commercial and social activities around project locations ................ 118
6.6.7 Increased income to local suppliers and service providers ................................ 118
6.6.8 Increased land values ......................................................................................... 118
6.6.9 Population Increase and increased pressure on social services ......................... 119
6.6.10 Increased in level of crimes ............................................................................. 119
6.6.11 Food Insecurity ................................................................................................ 120
6.6.12 Community health and safety risks .................................................................. 120
6.6.13 Prevalence of Communicable diseases ............................................................ 120
6.6.14 Loss of livelihood ............................................................................................ 121
6.6.15 Air Pollution..................................................................................................... 121
6.6.16 Increased Greenhouse gas generation .............................................................. 122
6.6.17 Contribution to Climate Changes..................................................................... 122
6.6.18 Reduction of CO2 Sequestration Potential ....................................................... 123
6.6.19 Increased Noise level during Construction ...................................................... 123
6.6.20 Increased vibration ........................................................................................... 123
6.6.21 Generation of Waste and Hazardous during Construction .............................. 123
6.6.22 Wastewater Management problems ................................................................. 124
6.7.2 Job Creation and employment opportunities ..................................................... 125
6.7.3 Increase in income generation opportunities ..................................................... 125
6.7.4 Changes in lifestyle and quality of life .............................................................. 125
xvi
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.7.5 Increased skills and impart knowledge to local communities ........................... 126
6.7.6 Increase of academic facilities in Mwanza Region............................................ 126
6.7.7 Increased Revenues to local and national Authorities ....................................... 127
6.7.8 Increased commercial and social activities around project locations ................ 127
6.7.10 Increased land values ....................................................................................... 128
6.7.11 Population Increase and increased pressure on social services ....................... 128
6.7.12 Increased in level of crimes ............................................................................. 129
6.7.13 Food Insecurity ................................................................................................ 129
6.7.14 Increased traffic flow and increased risks of road/ferry accidents .................. 129
6.7.15 Prevalence of Communicable diseases ............................................................ 130
6.7.16 Price inflation of goods and services ............................................................ 130
6.7.17 Increased incidence of GBV/SEA/SH ............................................................. 131
6.7.18 Restrictions on use of access road to Karumo village ..................................... 131
6.7.19 Change in social values and ethics................................................................... 132
6.7.20 Impacts on surface and ground water quality .................................................. 132
6.7.21 Increased runoff/storm water ........................................................................... 132
6.7.22 Health and safety risks due to fire hazards ...................................................... 133
6.7.23 Contribution to Climate Changes during the operation phase ......................... 133
6.7.24 Impacts/risks associated with generation of solid waste during operation phase
..................................................................................................................................... 133
6.7.25 Impacts/Risks of liquid waste generation during operation phase................... 134
6.7.26 Generation of Hazardous waste during the operation phase ............................ 134
6.8.1 Loss of employment and business opportunities ............................................... 136
6.8.2 Land pollution and loss of aesthetic................................................................... 136
6.8.3 Generation Demolition waste materials ............................................................. 137
6.8.4 Air pollution resulting from demolition works .................................................. 137
6.8.5 Noise pollution from demolishing works .......................................................... 137
6.8.6 Loss of revenue to institutions and the government .......................................... 137
6.9 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ...................................................................................... 137
6.9.1 Cumulative Socio-Economic Impacts................................................................ 138
6.9.2 Cumulative Impacts on Bio-physical Environmental ........................................ 138
6.10 Analysis of Project Alternatives ................................................................... 139
CHAPTER SEVEN....................................................................................................... 145
7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES DURING PREPARATORY PHASE .................. 145
7.1.1 Loss of cultural assets and displacement of ritual sites ..................................... 145
7.1.2 Community health and safety risks .............................................................. 145
7.1.3 Loss of livelihood .............................................................................................. 146
7.1.4 Loss of revenue to the government .................................................................... 146
7.1.5 Risk of buildings/structural designs to have potential to generate
emergency/disaster events .......................................................................................... 146
7.1.6 Increase in pressure on natural resources ........................................................... 147
7.1.7 Solid waste generation due to demolition .......................................................... 147
7.2.1 Community health, safety risks and security from the handling, transport, and
disposal of construction wastes ................................................................................... 148
7.2.2 Gender based violence ....................................................................................... 148
7.2.3 Gender discrimination ........................................................................................ 148
xvii
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
7.2.4 Child labour ....................................................................................................... 148
7.2.5 Food Insecurity and inflation of prices on other social services ........................ 149
7.2.6 Increased level of crimes ................................................................................... 149
7.2.7 Increased pressure on social services ................................................................. 149
7.2.8 Restrictions on using community road passing through project site ................. 150
7.2.9 Prevalence of Communicable diseases .............................................................. 150
7.2.10 Occupational Health and Safety....................................................................... 150
7.2.11 Loss of biodiversity (flora and fauna) .............................................................. 152
7.2.12 Loss of habitat .................................................................................................. 152
7.2.13 Loss of ecosystem services .............................................................................. 152
7.2.14 Acceleration of soil erosion ............................................................................. 152
7.2.15 Generation of liquid waste ............................................................................... 153
7.2.16 Generation of solid waste................................................................................. 153
7.2.17 Air pollution ..................................................................................................... 153
7.2.18 Contribution to climate change ........................................................................ 154
7.2.19 Noise pollution ................................................................................................ 154
7.2.20 Generation of vibrations .................................................................................. 155
7.2.21 Visual impacts .................................................................................................. 155
7.2.22Generation of hazardous waste ......................................................................... 155
7.2.23 Land pollution .................................................................................................. 155
7.3 POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES DURING THE OPERATION
PHASE .................................................................................................................. 156
7.3.1 Increased incidences of diseases and ill health .................................................. 156
7.3.2 Increased pressure on social services/facilities and utilities .............................. 156
7.3.3. Gender based violence ...................................................................................... 156
7.3.4 Increased incidence of GBV/SEA/SH ............................................................... 157
7.3.5 Child labour ....................................................................................................... 157
7.3.6. Food Insecurity and inflation of prices on other social services ....................... 157
7.3.7 Increased level of crimes ................................................................................... 157
7.3.8 Increased traffic flow and increased risks of road/ferry accidents .................... 158
7.3.9 Prevalence of Communicable diseases .............................................................. 158
7.3.10 Restrictions on use of access road to Karumo village ..................................... 159
7.3.11 Change in social values and ethics................................................................... 159
7.3.12 Increased runoff/storm water ........................................................................... 159
7.3.13 Land pollution .................................................................................................. 159
7.3.14 Surface and ground water pollution ................................................................. 159
7.3.15 Health and safety risks due to fire hazards ...................................................... 160
7.3.16 Contribution to Climate Change ...................................................................... 160
7.3.17 Increased solid waste generation ..................................................................... 160
7.3.18 Increased liquid waste generation .................................................................... 160
7.3.19 Visual impacts .................................................................................................. 160
7.4 MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DECOMMISSIONING PHASE ......... 161
7.4.1 Loss of employment ........................................................................................... 161
7.4.2 Loss of aesthetics due to haphazard disposal of demolished waste ................... 161
7.4.3 Noise and Vibration ........................................................................................... 161
7.4.4 Occupational Health and Safety......................................................................... 161
xviii
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
7.5.1 New source of income for the people living around project area ...................... 162
7.5.2 Increase in both formal and informal employment ............................................ 162
7.5.3 Improved quality of life and standard of living ................................................. 162
7.5.4 Increased Revenues to local authorities ............................................................. 162
7.5.5 Increased skills to local communities ................................................................ 163
7.5.6 Growth of trading activities around project site ................................................ 163
7.5.7 The growth of banking activities in the project area.......................................... 163
7.5.8 Increase of students enrolment to ARU ............................................................. 163
7.5.9 Increase of revenue to ARU ............................................................................... 164
7.5.10 Job creation ...................................................................................................... 164
7.5.11 Increased commercial and social activities at ARU ........................................ 164
7.5.12 Growth of Trade and Increased Investment around ARU ............................... 164
7.5.13 Production of skilled labour force for nation development ............................. 164
7.5.14 The growth of banking activities in the project area........................................ 164
7.5.15 Increased Revenues to local authorities ........................................................... 164
CHAPTER EIGHT ......................................................................................................... 165
8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN ........... 165
8.1 Impact Management plan ................................................................................. 165
8.2 Implementation of the Management Plan ........................................................ 165
8.3 Environmental and Social Cost ........................................................................ 166
Occupational Health and Safety.................................................................................. 192
CHAPTER NINE ............................................................................................................ 193
9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN ................................ 193
9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 193
9.2 Health and Safety Monitoring............................................................................... 193
9.3 Cumulative impact monitoring ............................................................................. 194
9.4 Monitoring of key environmental and social parameters ..................................... 194
9.5 Monitoring Responsibility .................................................................................... 194
CHAPTER TEN ............................................................................................................ 200
10.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 200
10.2. Benefits related to the project ....................................................................... 200
10.2.1 Benefits to ARU ............................................................................................... 200
10.2. 2 Benefit to the Neighbourhood ......................................................................... 201
10.2.3 Benefit to the Government ............................................................................... 201
10.3 Costs related to the project .................................................................................. 202
10.3.1 Costs to community ......................................................................................... 202
10.3.2 Costs to Government........................................................................................ 202
10.3.3 Environmental Cost ......................................................................................... 202
10.4 Project cost benefit analysis ................................................................................ 202
CHAPTER ELEVEN.................................................................................................... 204
11.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 204
11.2 Preliminary Decommissioning Plan ................................................................... 204
11.2.1 Components to be Demolished ........................................................................ 204
11.2.2 Demolition Methods ........................................................................................ 204
11.2.3 Materials Handling........................................................................................... 205
11.2.4 Proposed Sequence .......................................................................................... 205
xix
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
11.2.5 Protection Measures ......................................................................................... 205
11.2 Traffic Management............................................................................................ 205
11.2.1 Occupational Health and Safety....................................................................... 206
11.2.2 Environmental Management Plan .................................................................... 206
11.3.1 Dust, Noise and vibration Pollution ............................................................. 206
11.3.2 Increased Waste ........................................................................................ 206
11.3.3 Loss of Employment ..................................................................................... 207
CHAPTER TWELVE .................................................................................................. 208
12.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 208
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 209
APPENDICES ............................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
APPENDIX Ia: Certificate of Occupancy for plot No.1 Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDIX Ib: Certificate of Occupancy for plot No.2Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDIX IIa: Stakeholder Views ............................................................................. 83
APPENDIX IIb: Stakeholder Views documented during Village meetings ................ 88
xx
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Map showing proposed site location. Source: Consultant analysis, 2023...... 10
Figure 4.1: Categorization of identified species according to IUCN Red list ................. 73
xxi
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Main components of the proposed Buildings .................................................. 12
Table 2.2: Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the demolition .. 18
Table 2.3: Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the demolition ....... 19
Table 2.4: Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the construction 22
Table 2.5: Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the construction ..... 23
Table 2.6: Types, amounts & sources of project requirements during demobilization .... 24
Table 2.7: Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the operational.. 25
Table 2.8: Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the operation phase 25
Table 3.1: Key Institutions to the ESIA Process............................................................... 48
Table 3.2: Key Institutions for implementation of the project.......................................... 52
Table 3.3: Application of World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards to te
proposed project ........................................................................................................ 58
Table 4.1: Mean Monthly Temperature (°C) Distribution in Sengerema District ............ 64
Table 4.2: A comparison of sun hours, solar production & insolation for some regions . 65
Table 4.3: Mean Monthly Relative Humidity Distribution in Mwanza Region ............... 66
Table 4.4: The recorded PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations ............................................... 69
Table 4.5: Thenoise levels ................................................................................................ 70
Table 4.6: Types of vegetation types identified in the proposed construction areas ....... 71
Table 4.7: Main Ecosystem types and their services ........................................................ 74
Table 4.8: Nyamatongo Ward Population Distribution .................................................... 75
Table 4.10: Health Facilities ............................................................................................. 76
Table 4.11: Roads in Sengerema District ......................................................................... 77
Table: 5.1: List of Stakeholders identified, their roles and the rate of interest in the
Project ....................................................................................................................... 82
Table 5.2a: Stakeholder Views ......................................................................................... 83
Table 5.2b: Stakeholder Views documented during Village meetings ............................. 88
Table 5.2c: PAPs Views at Karumo Village ..................................................................... 89
Table: 5.3: Summary of the stakeholder engagement during Implementation ................. 91
Table 6.3: Impact Correlation Matrix for the proposed construction of ARU buildings at
Mwanza Campus ....................................................................................................... 98
Table 6.4: Emission of construction equipment and vehicles........................................ 122
Table 6.5: Waste types and associated risks ................................................................... 135
Table 8.1: Environmental and Social Impact Management Plan for the proposed
establishment of ARU Mwanza Campus ............................................................... 167
Table 9.1: Monitoring programme during the construction phase ................................. 196
Table 9.2: Monitoring programme during operation phase ............................................ 196
Table 8.3: Monitoring programme during decommissioning phase ............................... 198
xxii
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ardhi University wishes to thank all people who contributed to the preparation of this
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report. In particular, ARU would like to
thank the Local Government Authority at Sengerema District and Mwanza Region at
large for their support, advice and guidance on the proposed project. The University also
wish to thank the all government ministries, agencies, utility providers and private
institutions in Sengerema District and Mwanza Region who provided input during the
preparation of this report. Without the support of these institutions, much of the
information that is presented in this report would not have been gathered.
Further, the University acknowledges the work done by the ESIA team which comprised
of registered experts Mr. Emmanuel Hanai (ESIA team Leader), Dr. Nicholaus Mwageni
(Environmental Analyst); Ms. Paula Kakoko (Environmental Engineer); Dr. Restituta
Paul (Air Quality Expert); Dr. Nyangi Chacha (Botanist); and Mr. Eliud Salila (GIS
expert); and non-registered experts who are Dr. Mussa Muhoja (Social Development
Expert) and Mr. Jimson Chumbula (GBV Expert).
The ESIA team was backed by other teams of experts, comprising of Planners,
Surveyors, Engineers, and Quantity Surveyors.
xxiii
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
ACRONYMS AND ABREVIATIOS
AQI Air Quality Index
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ABR Anaerobic Biogas Reactor
AADTN Annual Average Daily Traffic Number
ARU Ardhi University
BATNEEC Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excess Cost
CITES Convention on International Trade an Endangered Species
CRB Contractors Registration Board
CNG Compressed natural gas
DoE Division of Environment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMA Environmental Management Act
EMP Environmental management Plan
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
ERB Engineers Registration Board
GHGs Green House Gases
GOT Government of Tanzania
HIV Human Immune Deficiency Virus
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
LGA Local Government Authority
LULUCF Land Use Land use –change and Forestry
NACP National HIV/AIDS Control Programme
NAFORMA National Forest Resources Monitoring and. Assessment
NEMC National Environment Management Council
NEP National Environmental Policy
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NCCSR National Climate Change Statistics Report
PLHAS People Living with HIV/AIDS
RHA Risk Hazard Assessment
STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases
TANESCO Tanzania Electricity Supply Company
TCU Tanzania Commission for Universities
ToR Terms of Reference
UASB Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket
UHI Urban Heat Island
URT United Republic of Tanzania
UN United Nation
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
VAT Value Added Tax
WHO-GPA World Health Organization Global Programme on AIDS
xxiv
CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background and justification
Ardhi University (ARU) is a public academic institution established under the Ardhi
University Charter, 2007, ARU, has traversed through various transformations from Survey
Training Centre (1956 – 1972), Ardhi Institute (1972-1996) to University College of Lands
and Architectural Studies (UCLAS), a constituent college of the University of Dar es
Salaam (1996 – 2006). ARU is a unique University being the only institution of its kind in
Tanzania and in Africa offering integrated training and conducting research in land, the built
environment and other environment related issues under the same roof.
Ardhi University (ARU) is one of the universities which has benefited from the Higher
Education for Economic Transformation (HEET) project. HEET is a five-year project,
which is financed by the World Bank through the Ministry of Education, Science and
Technology (MoEST). HEET project aims at promoting higher education as a catalytic
force for the new industrial based economy of Tanzania. Thus, the project is designed to
revitalize and expand the capacity of universities to contribute to key areas for innovation,
economic development, and labor market relevance, by investing in requisite infrastructure
for modern and effective teaching and research.
In that regard, Ardhi University (ARU) has set aside the fund for the new campus of
10,000 students and about 200 staffs to be established on plot no.1 &2 block ‘A’,
Sengerema District, Mwanza Region by 2024. This is in line with University Corporate Plan
(CP) and the Medium Terms Rolling Strategic Plan (MTRSP) which highlight on the need
for ARU to establish new campuses in up country regions as one of the strategies to expand
its training and learning infrastructure and increase students’ enrolment. The proposed new
ARU Mwanza campus shall initially serve students for diploma level and eventually
bachelor degrees. The proposed new campus shall involve a construction of access road,
offices, hostel, dispensary, studios ad class rooms, and staff housing building. The buildings
shall cover 8.9% of the total project area (378 acres (1.53Km2)). The proposed project will
have an investment cost of TZS 15, 000, 000,000 (15billions).
As a prerequisite to the construction of new buildings, the project will involve various site
excavation activities including the demolition of the buildings currently on site. Building
construction and associated activities will inevitably have environmental, social and
economic impacts, which need to be identified and mitigation measures put in place for
ensuring sustainability of the project. The World Bank Environmental and Social Standards
and the Environmental Management Act of 2004 of Tanzania requires project developers to
carry out an Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) prior to project implementation.
The First Schedule of the Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit (Amendment)
Regulations, 2018, categorizes major urban projects including multistorey buildings as type
B1 project (borderline project). Which may or may not require ESIA study and upon
screening the Council will guide the course of the study. Likewise, the World Bank’s
Environmental and Social Standards requires the borrower to identify, assess, and manage
potential environmental and social impacts and risks associated with the project. In view of
this, ARU submitted Terms of References (TOR) to World Bank and NEMC for approval.
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
The prepared TOR provided guidance under which the environmental and social assessment
for the propose project was done. The Environmental Management Act, Cap 191 and First
Schedule to Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit (Amendment) Regulations, 2018,
and the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) as well as the project’s
Environmental and and Social Management Framework (ESMF) were observed in the
study.
Ardhi University commissioned Emmanuel Hanai and his team of Environmental Experts to
conduct Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Project. The core
ESIA study team is composed of the following experts: Environmental Expert,
Environmental Engineer, botanist, Air quality and GIS experts; and Sociologists and Urban
Planners.
1.2 Project Rationale
The National FYDP III 2021/22-2025/26; and the national Higher Education for Economic
Transformation (HEET) project 2021/22 – 2025/26 provide the room for ARU to expand its
Training and Learning Infrastructure and to increase students enrolment. These policies and
plans are translated in the University Corporate Plan (CP) and the MTRSP, which highlight
the need for ARU to establish new campuses in up-country regions as one of the strategies
to expand its training and learning infrastructure and increase students’ enrolment. Thus,
through HEET project, ARU will produce sufficient numbers of quality graduates relevant
to the labour market demand who will play an active role in supporting the national
economy. In addition, the proposed project at ARU shall create many employment
opportunities throughout the project life time.
1.3 Objectives of the HEET project
1.3.1 ARU-Mwanza Campus HEET Project Main Objective
According to the HEET Project Appraisal Document (PAD) of 2021, the main objective of
the project is to strengthen the learning environment and labour market alignment of
priority programs at beneficiary higher education institutions and improve the management
of the higher education system. The stipulated objective is in line with University Corporate
Plan (CP) and the Medium Terms Rolling Strategic Plan (MTRSP) which highlight on the
need for ARU to establish new campuses in up country regions as one of the strategies to
expand its training and learning infrastructure and increase students’ enrolment. Strategic
Plan which focuses on expanding infrastructures to match with increase in the student’s
enrolment. The strategic plan of the University is to enrol 10,000 students by year 2024/25.
This calls for the need to expand its facilities including infrastructures so as to create
supportive environment towards achieving its goal.
1.3.2 Specific Objectives for ARU – Mwanza Campus HEET project
In addressing the overall objective of the project, ARU is also the beneficiary of the project
had the following specific objectives:
i) To construct class rooms, offices, hostel, dispensary, studios, staff housing building
and associated facilities;
ii) To update curriculum and introduce innovative pedagogical methodologies;
iii) To promote applied research and innovation capacity;
2
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
iv) To building functional linkages with private sector/industry;
v) To promote self-generated income; and
vi) To building capacity of academic staff and university leadership.
1.4 Need for ESIA Study
Prior to the construction of the proposed project, Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment is required by World Bank’s ESF and Tanzanian laws and governing in order
to protect the environment and lives of people. The ESIA study needs to be conducted so
as to understand the environmental and social sensitivities associated with the project
implementation phases and to implement mitigation measures in order to avoid adverse
impacts during the Project’s lifecycle. The development of facilities may have certain
Environmental and Social impacts which may be negative or positive. The negative
environmental and social impacts need to be avoided as far as possible. The impacts which
cannot be avoided need to be mitigated or managed.
Therefore ESIA study will take environmental and social impacts into account in the
selection of preferred project options and to determine appropriate measures for
mitigating/compensating anticipated environmental and social impacts at different stages
of the project including the preparation of site and Environmental and Social Management
Plan for affected persons for the Project; and to ensure the compliance with the World
Bank’s Environmental and Social Frameworks, safeguards Policy and Standards as well as
Tanzanian regulatory requirements.
1.3 Objectives of the EIA Study
The overall objective of carrying out this ESIA was to identify, predict and assess both
positive and negative environmental and social impacts associated with the project and
propose mitigation measures to minimise the negative impacts and enhance the positive
ones. The assessment used data and information on the physical, biological, and socio-
economic environment to predict both negative and positive impacts of the project. The
Environmental Management (EIA and Audit) (Amendment) Regulations, 2018 and World
Bank ESF provides the general objectives for carrying ESIA, among others a list comprises
the following;-
i. To ensure that environmental considerations are explicitly addressed and incorporated
into the development decision making process;
ii. To anticipate and avoid, minimise or offset the adverse significant biophysical, social
and relevant effects of developmental proposal;
iii. To protect the productivity and capacity of natural systems and ecological processes
which maintain their functions
iv. To promote development that is sustainable and optimises resources use and
management opportunities;
v. To establish and assess impacts that are likely to affect the environment before a
decision is made to authorise the project;
vi. Propose mitigation and socio-management procedures aimed at managing the
proposed mitigation of the identified potential impacts and that will form part of the
overall ESMP for the project operations.
vii. To enable information exchange, notification and consultations between stakeholders;
3
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
ARU undertook this Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in order to address the
above objectives.
1.5 Scope of Work
This study entailed the following:-
i. To provide description of the relevant parts of the project including project location,
design, components and activities;
ii. To review of policies, legislation, standards and regulations governing Environment
at International, Regional and Local levels;
iii. To assemble, evaluate, and present baseline data on the relevant environmental and
social characteristics of the project area;
iv. To make consultation with Government agencies, local communities and the private
sector operating near the project area;
v. To assess and quantify the potential environmental impacts resulting from the
building development, especially within the zone of influence of the project;
vi. Describe alternatives that were examined in the course of developing the proposed
project and identify other alternatives, which would achieve the same objectives;
vii. To develop an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) detailing actions and
responsibilities for impacts mitigation and monitoring.
1.6 Methodology
The ESIA being a multidisciplinary field involved a team of experts, the key ones being EIA
Expert (Team Leader), Environmental Engineer, Botanist, Air quality and GIS experts, and
Sociologist. The team identified key stakeholders and potential social and environmental
impacts (positive and negative).
1.6.1 Desk study
Desk study involved: identification and review of the country policies and laws which are
relevant to the project; collection and review of previous study reports (including design
reports) pertaining to the project; collection and review of information and data on the
physical, social, economic, cultural as well as archaeological (if present); preliminary
identification of key issues to be included in scoping report and the main EIA study; and
preparation for fieldwork, including notification of all stakeholders on the intention to
conduct EIA study as well as seek their co-operation. This was done by making phone calls,
writing e-mails, and distribution of letters seeking appointment to the stakeholder.
1.6.2 Fieldwork
The field visits were essential to fully realizing the scope of the project assessment. Two
visits were made to Sengerema, during the scoping phase (in September 2022) and the EIA
phase (in January 2023), where by the ESIA team collected specialised data.
Fieldwork intended to facilitate acquisition of information and data on physical, biological and
social-economic aspects of the project site and neighbouring area. The collection of baseline
data was conducted after defining the scope of the EIA. Data collected during scoping
allowed the study team to determine whether more detailed information on environmental
4
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
conditions at the development site and its surroundings are needed and where such
information can be obtained.
Measurement of Baseline Air Quality Data
The ESIA team collected and analysed baseline air quality and noise level at the site, and
adjacent areas within the University Campus. Seven (7) sampling locations were selected
based on relative distance to the proposed project sites, and existing multiple sources of air
pollution in the proposed campus.
Sampling and analysis methodology for dust, gaseous pollutants and noise levels are
presented in the following sections. Apart from the air quality data, some meteorological
data of the site which have direct relationship with project implementation were collected
once to enable interpretation of air quality data. These include temperature and relative
humidity. The collection of data was done during the busiest day and hours (10am to 2pm)
so as to predict the level of air quality during the construction phase. Statistical basis was
considered but due to variation of activities during the day, the statistical data could mislead
the prediction.
Measurement of ambient dust levels (PM2.5 and PM10)
Dust levels were measured in terms of PM2.5 and PM10. Dust levels were measured using a
portable device, brand Temtop M2000C. The Elitech Temtop M2000 2nd Generation sensor
unit uses a Temtop PM200 particulate sensor, which separates dust particle size in 2.5 ug/m3
and 10 ug/m3 size range. The measurement principle is based on laser scattering to convert
particle number to mass concentrations through its proprietary algorithm. During
measurements, the device was mounted at a breathing height of approximately 1.5 meters
above the ground, and samples were collected for one hour.
Measurement of Ambient gaseous pollutants
Baseline levels of ambient gaseous pollutants were measured using a FD-4S Portable Multi-
Gas Detector (pictured in Figure 1.3). The instrument operates using a heated metal oxide
semiconductor. The gas molecules adsorb onto the heated surface where an oxidation-
reduction reaction occurs causing a change in the electrical conductivity of the metal oxide.
This change is proportional to the concentration of the gas of interest. Parameters measured
included: carbon monoxide (CO) in parts per million (ppm), Oxygen (O2) in %, and
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in ppm. At the sites, the equipment was mounted at 1.5m above the
ground. Three reading were collected at each sampling point, and the mean value was used
as a representative value of that particular point. Results were compared with local and
international standards.
Meteorological conditions
Temperature and relative humidity were measured at the same sampling points used for
ambient air quality, using the same device (i.e. Temtop M2000C). Four readings were
recorded for each parameter and the average value was used.
5
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Collection of biological information
The survey was based on qualitative method where by field observation using car for
travelling within the entire proposed project site aided with ocular survey in places where a
car couldn’t go through was conducted.
The vegetation types were classified basing on their physiognomic characterization.
Identification of plant species was conducted directly in the field by botanist aided by various
plant identification books includes Flora of Tropical East Africa series and various reports for
the coastal forest vegetation especially Frontier Tanzania expeditions.
For those plants which couldn't easily identified in the field, plant specimens were collected
pressed and taken to the herbarium of the University of Dar es Salaam for further identification
and preservation for future references. Existing two documents of CITES list (Convention on
International Trade an Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) and the IUCN
(International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List of Threatened plant species, have
been used to identify those plant species which falls in any of its categories and appendices
respectively. Digital Camera was used to take photographs for further illustrations as well as
GPS used for marking various important points.
Water samples collection
Water samples were collected in three locations namely upstream, downstream and at the
Lake Victoria. Currently there is no water flowing in the area but the water sample No.1 was
collected in a small artificial pond (2°30'57.63"S 32°48'30.42"E)which resulted from sand
mining before, sample No.2 at the bridge downstream the proposed project site in a small
stream (2°30'35.21"S 32°48'29.37"E) and sample No.3 at the Lake Victoria
(2°29'54.83"S32°48'5.14"E). The sampling locations were selected in order get an overview
of the water quality at the site, downstream after the site and at the lake to see what
pollutants are transported into the lake. This will provide adequate baseline information of
the water quality at the site and the lake. Figure 1.4 shows satellite image with sampling
locations where water samples were taken during field visit.The collected samples were
analysed at Ardhi University Laboratory.
Soil samples collection
Soil samples were taken in three locations. Sample 1 was taken close to the artificial water
pond with mainly sand soil material. Sample No.2 was taken in an area which used to be a
paddy area which is characterized as a water-logged area during rainy season used for paddy
farming. Sample No.3 was taken in an area used to be farming are characterized as loamy
soil. Currently the area is no longer used for farming or any other human activities.
However, illegal grazing is taking place in some of the area. Figure 1.5 is the satellite image
showing the soil sampling points where samples were taken during field visit. The soil
samples were analysed at Ardhi University Laboratory, Dar es Salaam Tanzania.
Collection of socio-economic data
Both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data were collected by direct
measurement, observations and using semi-structured interviews with respective and
6
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
targeted parties (as explained in the previous section). Secondary data were obtained from
various relevant sources of information such as education and many other official and non-
official documents.
1.6.3 Public participation
The EIA study identified stakeholders to be consulted and involved throughout the project
life cycle. Stakeholders’ identification in this study was done through a continuous and
comprehensive brainstorming process to collect an exhaustive list of people/ groups or
institutions that are likely to be affected by the project/affect the project, influence the
direction of the project or have those having interest over the project. In this study the
following stakeholders were identified and consulted:
i. Public institutions who have influence on the project (or some components of the
project). The identified stakeholders under this study were the Mwanza Regional
Secretariat, Sengerema District Council, Ministry of Education Science and
Technology (MoEST), Tanzania Commission for Universities (TCU), the
Occupation and Safety Authority (OSHA) - Mwanza Office and Fire and Rescue
Army;
ii. Service providers, including the Sengerema Water Supply Authority (SEUWASA),
Tanzania National Electric Supply company (TANESCO), Tanzania
Telecommunication Company Limited (TTCL), the Tanzanian Lake Victoria Basin
Water Board (LVBWB), the Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA), the Lake
Basin Water Board and the operators of the Kamnga Ferry: Kamanga Ferry Ltd (the
ferry will be used for ferrying construction materials and people);
iii. Project Affected Communities- the Karumo and Kamanga villagers in Nyamatongo
ward, including vulnerable groups of people (elderly people and women).
iv. Project affected people (PAPs) – specific individuals who were the previous owners
of the proposed land (i.e. the Gulai clan);
1.7 Project impact assessment
The environmental and social assessment has been undertaken in close interaction with the
master plan team and the design team. In this process environmental impacts have been
evaluated for various alternatives. Several project alternatives were considered including
that of not implementing the project. The fundamental environmental protection strategy
and environmental considerations influencing engineering design were incorporated.
However, reasonable regard to technological feasibility and economic capability were taken
into account. Inter alia, the assessment entailed the following:
1.7.1 Project impacts identification
Superimposing project elements onto the existing social and environmental natural conditions
made it possible to identify the potential impacts of the proposed project. The checklist method
was used to identify the impacts in which the contender list of key impacts such as noise
pollution, waste management was developed etc.; Further, environmental impact matrix
method was adopted in identifying impacts of major concerns. A key guiding assumption in
this study is that the project will be designed, constructed and operated with due care for safety
and environmental matters using current and practical engineering practices and/or Best
7
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Available Technology Not Entailing Excess Cost (BATNEEC). The implementation schedule
of the mitigation measures is summarized in the ESMP.
1.7.2 Impact Assessment
The actions undertaken to determine the significance of potential project impacts involved
the following three key steps:
i. Prediction: What will happen to the status of specific receptors as a consequence of
this project activities (primarily; what is the magnitude of the impact?);
ii. Evaluation of significance: How significant is the impact to the identified receptors
namely, affected communities and the wider environment – land, air and water?
What is its relative significance when compared to other impacts?;
iii. Residual Impacts: After mitigation, are the impacts still of concern and/or
significant? If yes, the process needs to be repeated at least once before the ‘final’
determination of residual impact significance occurs.
Potential impacts arising from planned activities, cumulative impacts with other
developments and unplanned events (e.g. accidents, natural disasters, etc.) were also
assessed. Stakeholder engagement is undertaken throughout the implementation of the
proposed project to ensure that Affected and Interested Parties are aware and informed of
the proposed project and have an opportunity to provide input regarding potential proposed
project impacts and mitigation measures.
1.7.3 Development of Mitigation Measures
As part of the EIA process, when impacts (adverse and/or significant) were identified and
could not be managed via design controls, mitigation measures were developed in line with
the Mitigation Hierarchy. First, efforts were made develop measures to avoid, or prevent,
then minimize or reduce adverse impacts or to enhance potential beneficial impacts. For
remaining significant and moderate residual impacts, mitigation measures were developed.
1.8 Report Structure
• Chapter one contains the introduction including the background information of the
proposed project, its development objectives, rationale and methodology
• Chapter two covers the project description, in which the location and relevant
components of the project and their activities are described.
• Chapter three analyses policy, legal and administrative framework applicable to
building construction projects, which are relevant to Tanzania.
• Chapter four describes the baseline information relevant to environmental
characteristics covering details concerning the bio-physical environment and socio-
economic environment at the project area.
• Chapter five covers the consultation exercise at the project area detailing the list of
stakeholders consulted and the issues raised.
• Chapter six describes the positive and negative environmental impacts of the project
that are likely to be generated from the different phases (the planning and designing,
construction, operation and maintenance and the demobilization phases).
• Chapter seven gives the mitigation measures for the potential negative impact of the
project.
8
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
• Chapter eight presents the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).
• Chapter nine presents the Environmental Monitoring Plan, which contains the
proposed institutions to carry out the monitoring activities, the monitoring indicators,
time frame and the proposed budget for monitoring.
• Chapter ten gives the cost benefit analysis of the project.
• Chapter eleven provides the decommissioning plan for the proposed project although
the decommissioning is not anticipated in the foreseeable future.
• Chapter twelve gives the summary and conclusions of the study.
9
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Location and Accessibility
2.1.1 Location
The proposed projects shall be located on plot no.1 &2 block ‘A”, Karumo Village,
Nyamatongo ward, Sengerema District, Mwanza Region, Tanzania. The project site is
bordered by Karumo village settemment to the West, Nyamatongo Secondary school and
Kamanga Village settlement to the East, Sengerema-Kamanga road to the South and Village
land to the North. The site lies within the four coordinates; -2.524531S32.804508E; -
2.523042S32.814420E; -2.514735S 32.818889E; and -2.518746S32.804968E (Figure 2.1).
The site is at 500m from Karumo village and 1km from Kamanga Ferry.
Figure 2.1: Map showing proposed site location. Source: Consultant analysis, 2023
10
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
2.1.2 Accessibility
The ARU Mwanza campus is accessible by the main road from Mwanza town to Sengerema
via Kamanga Ferry or from Sengerema to Karumo at 45km. The campus is also accessible
via Kamanga-Karumo Road, which passes through the site to Karumo village. The road is
unpaved and lacks traffic separation for motorized and non-motorized traffic. According to
TARURA traffic counting, the Annual Average Daily Traffic Number (AADTN) across
Mwanza-Sengerema Road is about 256 vehicles.
2.1.2 Sites description
The ARU-Mwanza Campus site covers 378 acres (1.53Km2) of land which is equivalent to
12.1% of the total Karumo village land. The proposed site is characterized by grassland,
open bush land with scattered trees. The area was previously used for farming activities
particularly paddy, yams, maize, etc. though currently, there is no more farming activities
taking place. Grassland areas is mainly used for grazing by local people. There are no other
human activities apart from grazing in the project area. In addition to that, there are no
human settlement within the proposed project site but few of them exists adjacent to the area
as one moves downstream to Lake Victoria. Part of the site were previously used for sand
mining which have left some few small gullies and one of them has become a small pond
retaining some water particularly during the rainy season. The topography of the site is
characterized by an undulating plain sloping gently downward from South to North and then
towards the Western side of the site. The project is transacted by Karumo road which is
passable throughout the year and the electrical transmission line.
2.2 Project Components
The site is irregular in shape and allows a high-rise development. The site is located in a
prime area whereby it links closely with the local public and private transport facilities,
which reinforce its sustainable credentials.
2.2.1 Project Components
Once completed the proposed project will be a full functional campus that will
accommodate various amenities. For the first phase, the project shall consist of three (3)
storey administration building, 24 hostel buildings of three storeys to accommodate 9,600
students, lecture rooms to accommodate 1,720 students at a time, workshops and
laboratories; two cafeterias for accommodating 1,200 students, dispensary, and departmental
buildings. The other common facilities in the building will include; staircase, common
lobby, and elevator. Also, there will be fenced wall, security systems, parking lots for staffs,
students and visitors, firefighting system, power room, toilets, generator, water storage
tanks, storm water drainage systems and garbage collection points. In general, the project
will cover the total built up area of 13,760.20 SQM and circulation area of 3535.5 SQM.
Table 2.1 presents the components of the project.
11
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table 2.1: Main components of the proposed Buildings
Project Functions Capaci Circulat Total area
components ty ion area (SQM)
Academic Three (3) storey buildings with Offices, pantry, 124 2684
office storage, toilets, library, examination room, staff
departmental library, photocopy and printing room,
meeting room, staffs offices, parking area,
Studios and Two (2) storey class rooms, studios, ablution area.
classrooms
Hostel 24 Three(3) storey buildings with janitor’s office, 9,600 812.2 2,842.7
building store, sleeping rooms, courtyard and parking student
s
Dispensary Office, toilets, reception, drug store, pantry, 95.7 414.7
immunization room, triage, janitor’s room, nurse
station, consultation rooms (2), dressing room,
injection room, sample collection room, observation
room, ablution area.
Staff housing 8 four (4) storey apartments equipped with kitchen,
block sleeping rooms, toilets, and seating rooms.
12
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
2.2 Project Design
Buildings are constantly subject to several climatic and environmental elements (wind,
sunlight, temperature, rain, earthquakes, and other factors). During the preparatory phase of
the project, ARU engaged experts in assessing and understanding risk and integrating risk
management in development planning of the Mwanza Campus as per Environmental and
Social Standards (ESS1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks
and Impacts). Several studies were conducted during the preparatory phase of the project, as
part of Risk Hazard Assessment (RHA). The studies include geotechnical investigation,
topographical surveys and environmental and social impacts assessment. Furthermore, with
inputs from these studies, the project design took into consideration aspects of climate change
risks, disaster risk management, gender, and occupation health and safety.
2.2.1 Climate Change risks mitigation and adaptation in the Project Design
To mitigate and adapt the climate change risks (e.g heat, drought, floods, water scarcity, etc),
the design of the ARU Mwanza campus shall accommodate the infrastructures to enhance
low energy use, rainwater harvesting, storm water management systems, adequate natural
ventilation and lighting, and maintaining a significant green spaces, as described hereunder.
▪ Park and open space: A park and public open spaces are planned to maximize the
tree canopy cover and shade provided by trees in the area and more provision of
ecosystem services. In the open spaces, native plants have been recommended to add
the benefit of being useful for storm water treatment and infiltration in the valley,
which is in the central part of the site.
▪ Greenery walkways: The design maximizes pedestrian movement and minimizes
motorized transport within the site to reduce air emissions (greenhouse gasses
(GHGs)) and maximizing Carbon sequestration. Walkways are provided to restrict
free movement that causes vegetation destruction in the site and reducing land cover
important for carbon sequestration. Trees are proposed to be planted along the
vehicular access road and footpaths to improve landscape and reduce effects of sun
radiation during the day.
▪ Botanical garden: The zoning of different land uses at the proposed site was guided
by inner roads, which act as veins dispersing from the artery and provide vistas of the
hills on the eastern part and crossing the botanical garden, which acts as the heart of
the whole site. The botanical garden which include the green belt and conservation
area, the constraints areas, and the University Park is the breathing space for the
whole site and an urban filter in terms of urban climate. Botanic garden is found at the
middle of the site in the valley that links the site with the wetland along Lake Victoria
in the north-west part of the site. Further, the botanic garden will allow cross
ventilation and other sanitary waste treatment.
▪ Green areas: Green areas are distributed in every zone/ block to allow cross fresh air
into the buildings. Due to the topographical nature and natural vegetation cover, green
belt and conservation zone intend to preserve the ecosystem and control land
degradation and enhance mountainous scenery in the eastern part of the site.
Vegetation including artificial forests will reduce soil erosion in sloping plains and all
areas prone to soil erosion.
▪ The building with low energy use; Provisions for adequate openings for cross
ventilation, that will ensure easy flow of clean air and reduce energy use ( thus
reducing emissions); provisions for motion sensors in public areas, to enable auto
switch ON/OFF of lights; installation of presence sensors in offices, class rooms,
13
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
laboratories and workshop areas; proper orientation to reduce indoor discomfort and
capture natural air as much as possible and minimization of the sun effects
(installation of fins; and provisions for solar lights along the pathways for sun
shading); maximizing the potential of utilization of renewable energy options such as
solar and wind; Utilization of biogas from the wastewater treatment plant for cooking;
buildings to be oriented and constructed to take advantage of natural lighting and
cross ventilation as a means of minimizing energy consumption during operation;
▪ The buildings with low footprint. This increases green spaces; and accommodation
of rainwater harvesting, storm water and waste management systems and embracing
water-efficient processes.
2.2.2 Disaster risk management
The proposed project shall have provisions for fire prevention and firefighting facilities. Also,
the building shall have provisions for solid waste and liquid waste management for diseases
prevention. In addition, two possible access roads shall be used to ensure easy walkability
and vehicular access to and from the building to avoid car accidents. The roads shall be safely
connected to the parking area huge enough to accommodate cars. ARU Mwanza campus shall
have an emergency management plan that assigns the responsibilities for various emergency
tasks, specifically to WHO does, WHAT, WHEN AND HOW.
2.2.3 Gender inclusivity
The University buildings shall be developed to be smart and friendly to gender, including
considerations of persons with special needs (e.g. physical, learning impairment, emotional
and behavioural). These include provisions of lamps, toilets, etc.
2.2.4 Occupational health and safety (OHS)
ARU will protect workers throughout the project lifetime as per Environmental and Social
Standards, ESS2 (Labour Working Conditions) and ESS4 (Community Health and Safety).
OHS During pre-construction phase
During the demolition period the contractor shall provide, adequate and necessary personal
protective equipment. Appropriate protective gear including, but not limited to helmets,
heavy duty gloves, safety vests and boots, shall be provided to site workers and visitors.
Hazards and risk awareness will be provided to workers to ensure that they are not affected
with hazards during demolition. Further, structural elements of a project will be designed and
constructed by competent professionals and certified or approved by competent authorities or
professionals. Where the project includes new buildings and structures that will be accessed
by members of the public, the ARU will consider the incremental risks of the public’s
potential exposure to operational accidents or natural hazards, including extreme weather
events. Where technically and financially feasible, ARU will also apply the concept of
universal access to the design and construction of such new buildings and structures.
OHS During construction phase
ARU with support from the supervision consultant will ensure regular training to permanent
and temporary workers (including community workers) on occupational health and safety to
workers and information relevant to health risk including cholera, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19,
and impacts of dust to workers health will be provided to workers. During the construction
14
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
period the contractor shall provide, equip and maintain adequate personal protective
equipment, first-aid stations and sign boards directing where these services are situated and
transport in case of emergency. Appropriate protective gear including, but not limited to
helmets, heavy duty gloves, safety vests and boots, shall be provided to site workers and
visitors. Training related to hazards and hazard management will be provided to workers and
particularly as stipulated in the general IFC general EHS guidelines during construction the
contractor will be required to put emphasize on training related to specific hazards such as
working at height, ergonomic, slips and falls, dust and moving machinery and any other
relevant hazard that will be identified during construction.
OHS During operation phase
All the emergency situations associated with building operations will be included as part of
the design aspects including allocation of emergency assembly point. Emergency plans
procedures will be developed to prevent and mitigate likely consequences associated with
each incident. The document that details potential emergencies and response to such
situations and how to prevent and mitigate the environmental aspects will be in place.
Occupational Health and Safety hazards related to the daily operations of the like exposure to
eruption disease, risks of fire explosion and security will be given due considerations. Fire
extinguishers of powder foam type and fire hose reel will be placed in several strategic areas
at the site and serviced on time.
OHS during decommissioning phase
If decommissioning must happen, it is anticipated that the project will have hazards resulting
from noise and vibration that may be caused by the operation of pile drivers, earth moving
and excavation equipment, concrete mixers, cranes and the transportation of equipment,
materials and people. According to IFC Guidelines specifically the general Environmental
Health and Safety guidelines, slips and falls on higher elevation associated with poor
housekeeping, such as excessive waste debris, loose decommissioning materials, liquid spills,
and uncontrolled use of electrical cords and ropes on the ground, are also among the most
frequent cause of lost time accidents at decommissioning site. To control these challenges
during decommissioning phase, the contractor shall be required to have a clear understanding
on the historical use of the land with regard to the potential presence of hazardous materials
or oil prior to initiation of decommissioning activities, preparing plans and procedures to
respond to the discovery of contaminated media to minimize or reduce the risk to health,
safety, and the environment but equally important to provide adequate and the right PPEs for
the anticipated hazards during decommissioning.
2.3 Development Conditions
The proposed project is in line with the priority of the fifth phase government on
industrialization and Vision 2025 in general, requires higher learning institutions to produce
high quality, ready to use skilled labor. ARU ought to expand its physical infrastructure to
accommodate this need. Furthermore, the project is in line with 2018 - 2038 Ardhi University
Master Plan. Establishment of the ARU – Mwanza campus is, therefore, characterized by two
major factors. The first factor was to accomplish the need for ARU to expand its services in
up country regions as highlighted above. The second factor was to fulfil the objectives and
requirements of the HEET project. The HEET project required the campus to be established
and operated within the project time frame, that is, the campus to be in operation by June,
2025.
15
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
2.4 Land ownership and Requirement
The history of the proposed campus dates back in 1960s. The Tanzania Government had an
idea to develop the University in Karumo village. The Karumo residents offered the land
(now ARU-Campus site) to the government to develop the University. The government idea
was not realized by then; in the later years, at different times, the Mwanza region thought to
have the idea shifted from Karumo to Magu District and Sengerema town. However, Karumo
residents still wanted the University to be developed on the same land allocated for since
1960s.
The Karumo residents’ desire of since 1960s is now being realized by development of the
Ardhi University Mwanza Campus. The site land is covered under two Plots Nos. 1 and 2 of
Block ‘A’ covering 107.68Ha and 45.41Ha respectively. The site registered plans No.127952
and 127953 are extracts of TP Drawings No.TP 14/SGM/71/122020 and TP
14/SGM/72/122020 respectively as indicated on the Title Deeds No. 102718 and 102719
respectively. Further, the acquisition of the land was in consistency with Environmental and
Social Standard, ESS5 (Land acquisition, restriction on land use and involuntary
resettlement).
2.5 Manpower and Utility Requirements
ARU shall ensure that workers are deployed in a manner that the opportunities are equitably
shared among men and women. Also, extraction of the materials is in response to
Environmental and Social Standards, ESS3 (Resource Efficiency and pollution prevention
and Management).
2.5.1 Manpower Requirements
The proposed project is expected to temporarily deploy about 150 to 200 people during
construction phase. Employment during construction phase will be under contractor and will
be in the form of managers, skilled as well as unskilled laborers, considering all gender types.
2.5.2 Energy Provisions
The proposed site for the ARU-Mwanza campus is connected to the National grid through the
Kamanga-Sengerema. The medium transmission line (33KV) has passed across the proposed
site, thus making it easy for connection after stepping down the transformer. Based on the
power use, the average electricity Demand for the ARU-Mwanza campus is 4125KVA a
month. It is equivalent to a consumption of 137.5KVA per day. It is expected that the power
consumption of the campus will increase to 385KVA/day in 2033 when the campus will be in
its entire operation. To meet this demand, the following has been proposed in the master plan,
installation of three transformers to serve areas to be developed. The proposed transformers,
two of them will have a capacity of 500KVA each for metered power (T2) and one of
200KVA for individual connection (T3).
The project design has provision for installation of backup power (generators) to operate in
zones with a capacity of 500 KVA each to serve administrative and academic purposes only.
One generator will serve the administration building, and another generator to serve the
academic zones. There are also provisions for installation of solar panels on the buildings to
serve for lighting and running the beamers and laptops. All the buildings in the proposed
ARU-Mwanza campus Master Plan will have a total surface area of 25451.5m2. If half of the
16
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
roof surface is installed with solar panels, the ARU-Mwanza campus can harness about
55KWd.
2.5.3 Water Requirement
The Sengerema Rural Water Supply Authority (RUWASA) is the leading water supplier in
the Sengerema District from Lake Victoria. Other water sources include pipe schemes,
boreholes, shallow wells, springs, and rainwater harvesting. The water supply network in
Sengerema serves 128 villages out of 158 villages in the district. Karumo village, where the
ARU Mwanza campus is located 1.5km from the storage tank (1000m3) of the water supply
scheme which is under construction. The Karumo village is among the Sengerema villages
planned to be served by the water scheme under construction. The ARU-Mwanza campus site
is within the water scheme catchment area. On the Eastern side of the site, there is one pipe of
HDPE 63, the HDPE 80 pipe traversing the site from Northern to Southern, while the HDPE
150 pipe passes on the North-West side of the site. Water will be used for construction
activities and for domestic purpose (flushing of toilets) and cleaning activities during
construction and operation phases of the project. The water required to be used during
construction is estimated to be 50.8 m3/day.
2.5.4 Access and Service Roads
The project site is accessed through feeder roads, the ARU Mwanza campus is accessible by
the main road from Mwanza town to Sengerema via Kamanga Ferry. The campus is also
accessible via Kamanga-Karumo Road, which passes through the site to Karumo village. This
road is unpaved and lacks traffic separation for motorized and non-motorized traffic.
According to TARURA traffic counting, the annual average daily traffic number (AADTn)
across Mwanza-Sengerema Road is 256 therefore with the upcoming project it is anticipated
that there will be an increased pressure for roads and therefore the project will require
additional onsite access roads to connect existing roads for delivery of construction materials
and also to easy movements during operation phase of the project. In addition, the provision
of the access roads shall be in a manner consistent to ESS4 where community health and
Safety is given priority.
2.6 Project activities in general
The undertaking involves various phases from the planning phase all the way to the
construction and operation phase. Each specific phase has its own activities and as a result
different waste fraction. Waste types and generation varies depending on implementation
phases as elaborated in these sections. The sections identify expected waste generation,
storage, options for pollution prevention, necessary treatment, and disposal infrastructure. It
involved the following:
- Gathering information about project activities and processes, description of waste
streams by type, quantities, and potential environmentally friendly methods for
handling the wastes;
- Establishment of priorities based on potential Environmental Health and Safety risks
risk anticipated by the waste streams and the available infrastructure to manage the
waste in an environmentally sound manner;
- identification of options for waste reduction at the generation point but equally
important the possibility for reuse and recycling;
- Identification and proposing procedures and operational controls for onsite storage,
treatment and final disposal of wastes.
17
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
2.6.1 Pre -Construction Phase
Activities in this phase entails
i. Topographical Survey- The topographical survey shall be done by Surveyors to
establish the boundaries and the ground levels;
ii. Geotechnical investigations- Geotechnical investigation will involve drilling the
ground to study the soil profile the underling geological formations.
iii. Architectural and Services Designs- Preparation of Architectural drawings is done
by architects to provide drawings which fits the proposed plan.
iv. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)- EIA is being conducted by following the
EIA and Audit (Amendment) regulations of 2018 and World Bank Environmental and
Social Standards.
v. Acquisition of various permits/ certificates-This include getting building permit
from relevant authorities.
Duration
The duration of this phase will be Six (6) months.
2.6.2 Demolition Phase
The existing buildings on site shall be manually demolitioned by using labourers. Equipments
such as hammer, shovel, trolleys shall be used. The demolition wastes shall be used for
leveling considering that some sites have a gentle slope.
Duration
The duration of this phase will be Three (3) months.
Types, Amounts and Sources of Project requirements
Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the demolition phase are shown
in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2: Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the demolition phase
Requirements Type Source Quantity Mode of
(Estimates) Transport
Manpower Skilled Contractor 1 Communal
buses
Unskilled Karumo, 5 Communal
Nyamatongo buses
and Kamanga
Water Clean water RUWASA 0.36 m3/day RUWASA
for domestic (Based on the water supply
use: (drinking estimation that 6 scheme.
and sanitation workers will
services) demand
60l/day)
Equipment Excavator Contractor 1
Bulldozer Contractor 1
Motor grader Contractor 1
Trucks Contractor 1
Source: Consultant Analysis, 2023
18
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Types, Amounts and treatment/disposal of Wastes
Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the demolition phase are shown in
Table 2.3.
Table 2.3: Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the demolition phase
Waste Types Amount Treatment/
Disposal
Demolished According to Wang et al., (2004) 40% - The demolished
wastes; bricks, 60% of the demolition waste can be wooden materials
roofing materials, recycled the remaining part (50%) shall be sold to
steel and wooden becomes waste. people to be used
materials The estimate is based on as fire wood, steel
✓ The total floor area of the current and iron sheets
buildings to be demolished (60 (roofing materials)
m2 ) shall be sold to
Floor wastes = recyclers while
2
50%*60m *0.25m(thickness)*7 houses = demolished bricks
52.5 m3 shall be used for
Demolition Waste
✓ Walling wastes is estimated to be filling during
50%*5(width)*6(Length)*0.15(T construction phase.
hickness of the brick) *7 houses =
15.75 m3
✓ Roofing wastes
50%*60m2*0.2m(thickness)*7 houses =
42 m3
Total demolition waste= 52.5+15.75+42=
110.25 m3
Food remains, 35.4 kg/day To be collected in
(Based on generation rate of 0.3kg/day/ the large skip
person and 118 people) bucket at site ready
to be disposed at
the designated
dumpsite at Ibondo
area
Tins, glasses and 2-6 kg To be Sold to
plastics Recyclers
(Degradable)
Solid Waste
Sewage 0.17 m3/day (Based on 6 people, water To be directed to
consumption rate of 40L/capita/day and the Septic Tank-
wastewater discharge factor of 80%, 90% Soak away System
of the workers shall use the Site Toilet) to be constructed at
the site
19
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Waste Types Amount Treatment/
Disposal
Oils and greases None Service and
maintenance of
Liquid
waste
vehicles will be
done at designated
garages
Source: Consultant Analysis, 2023
2.6.3 Construction Phase
The construction activities was done in a manner consistent with ESMF and Environmental
Social Standards, ESS1 (Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks
and Impacts), ESS2 (Labor and Working Conditions), ESS3 (Resource Efficiency and
Pollution prevention and Management), ESS4 (Community Health and Safety), and ESS
6(Biodiversity conservation and sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources). The
activities to be executed on the site during construction phase of the project are;
▪ Earthworks (site clearance) - This shall be done by means of motor grader. The
proponent shall ensure as many indigenous trees as possible are left intact. This will
also ensure that the drainage pattern of the site is not interfered with.
▪ Foundations excavation- Most part of the site is covered with vegetation. The same
will be removed and disposed off by a licenced waste handler to pave way for the
construction.
▪ Material transportation- Materials (fine and coarse aggregates) from quarries will
be transported by trucks to the construction site. Water will be brought to the site by
tanker trucks from within Sengerema area. Other materials like cement, timber and
reinforcement bars will be transported by trucks from Sengerema Mwanza and Geita
to the construction site.
▪ Material Storage- Materials like aggregates and sand will be stored at the site ready
for use. Cement and reinforcement bars will be stored in special storage rooms.
Timber will directly be used at the required areas and consequently there will be no
stockpiling of timber at the camp sites. Fuel will be stored in drums in secluded areas.
▪ Masonry, Concrete works and related activities- The construction of the building
walls, foundations, floors, pavements, drainage systems, perimeter fence and parking
area among other components of the project will involve a lot of masonry work and
related activities. General masonry and related activities will include stone shaping,
concrete mixing, plastering, slab construction, construction of foundations, and
erection of building walls and curing of fresh concrete surfaces. These activities are
known to be labour intensive and will be supplemented by machinery such as
concrete mixers.
▪ Steel Structure works- The buildings will be reinforced with structural steel for
stability. Structural steel works will involve steel cutting, welding and erection.
▪ Roofing and Sheet metal works- Roofing activities will include sheet metal cutting,
raising the roofing sheets and structural timber to the roof and fastening the roofing
materials to the roof.
▪ Electrical Work- Electrical work during construction of the premises will include
installation of electrical gadgets and appliances including electrical cables, lighting
apparatus, sockets etc. In addition, there will be other activities involving the use of
electricity such as welding and metal cutting.
20
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
▪ Plumbing- Installation of pipe-work for water supply and distribution will be carried
out within all units and associated facilities. In addition, pipe-work will be done to
connect sewage from the premises to the effluent treatment plant.
▪ Landscaping- To improve the aesthetic value or visual quality of the site once
construction ceases, the proponent will carry out landscaping. This will include
establishment of flower gardens and lush grass lawns where applicable and will
involve replenishment of the topsoil. It is noteworthy that the proponent will use plant
species that are available locally preferably indigenous ones for landscaping.
Duration
The duration of this phase will be Two (2) years.
Types, Amounts and Sources of Project requirements
Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the construction phase are shown
in Table 2.4.
21
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table 2.4: Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the construction phase
Requirements Type Source Quantity (Estimates) Mode of Transport
3
Aggregates Sengerema 2,000-3,000m Trucks traveling on roads
3
Sand Sengerema 6,000-10,000m Trucks traveling on roads
Cement Mwanza, Sengerema 3,000-4,000 tons Trucks traveling on roads and ferry
and Geita
Water RUWASA ✓ 200 m3 for ✓ Trucks will serve the campus in seasons of
construction activity intermittent supply
and ✓ The water supply infrastructure plan will
✓ 12 m3/day for comprise two water storage tanks and a
Raw Materials domestic use distribution network that will serve the
(assuming that 200 campus during operation phase
people will demand
60 l/day)
Reinforcement Mwanza, Sengerema 2,500Tons Trucks traveling on roads and ferry
bars and Geita
Timber Mwanza, Sengerema 50 Tons Trucks traveling on roads and ferry
and Geita
Manpower Skilled Contractor 30 Communal buses
Unskilled Nyamatongo area 170 Communal buses
Equipment Excavator Contractor 1 Trucks traveling on roads and ferry
Bulldozer Contractor 1
Motor grader Contractor 1
Plate Contractor 1
compactor
Trucks Contractor 5
Construction Contractor 2
Crane
Source: Consultant Analysis, 2023
22
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Types, Amounts and treatment/disposal of Wastes
Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the construction phase are shown in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5: Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the construction phase
Waste Types Amount Treatment/ Disposal
Solid Waste Vegetation Approximately 80% of the area that contain vegetation ✓ The logs shall be given to people to be used as
(Degradable) that will be cleared during construction. The estimate fire wood
is based on the total built up area (1,483,785.764 ✓ Other vegetation will be left at site for soil
m2*0.5 (average height of vegetation) = 741,892.882 conditioning
m3
0.8*741,892.882 = 593,514.31 m3
Remnants Estimated to be 2500m3. The estimate is based on They shall be given to people to be used as fire
of timber. activities expected to generate remnants of timber such wood
as formworks
Food 52.5 kg/day (based on generation rate of 0.3kg/day/ To be collected in the large skip bucket at site
remains, person and 175 people) ready to be disposed at the designated dumpsite at
cardboards Ibondo area
and papers
Solid Waste Demolition 1000 m3. The estimate is based on the area to be This soil shall be stock piled along the foundation
(Non- waste and excavated trenches. The soils shall be used to reinstate site
Degradable) Spoil Soil at the end of construction activities
Liquid waste Sewage 3.2 m3/day (based on 175 people, water consumption -An onsite treatment system consisting of screens
rate of 40L/capita/day and wastewater discharge factor and grit chambers; septic tank-soak away system;
of 80%, 50% of the workers shall use the Site Toilet) UASB and a clarifying wetland shall be adopted.
-Only effluents meeting discharge standards (TZS
860, 2019) will be released.
Source: Consultant Analysis, 2023
23
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
2.6.4 Demobilization phase
Demobilization of temporary structures will be done for proper restoration of the site. Other
activities include rehabilitation of the workshop and stockpile yard, at least to the original
condition, clearance of all sorts of wastes including sewage and solid wastes (plastics, wood,
metal, papers, etc.). All wastes will be deposited at the designated dumpsite and temporary
employment will be terminated.
Duration
Demobilization stage will last for a period of two (2) months.
Types, Amounts and Sources of Project requirements
Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the demobilization phase are
shown in Table 2.6:
Table 2.6: Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the demobilization
phase
Requirement Type Source Amount
Manpower Skilled Contractor 5
Unskilled Local area (Karumo, 30
Kamanga, Nyamatongo
and, Sengerema area)
Water Domestic water use RUWASA 2.1 m3/day.
(drinking and Assuming the phase
sanitation hygiene ) will have 35 workers
each demanding 60
l/day
Equipment Bull dozer Contractor 2
Motor grader Contractor 1
Plate compactor Contractor 1
Tippers Contractor 1
Source: Consultant Analysis, 2023
Types, Amounts and treatment/disposal of Wastes
The demobilization of the temporary structures will result mainly into solid wastes such as
timber, iron sheets and rubbles from demolitions. Timber and metal sheets will be sold to
people in the nearby communities for reuse while rubbles will be used for levelling.
2.6.5 Operation phase
The activities that are expected to be executed during operational phase include
i. Tenancy/ Occupancy;
ii. Imparting Knowledge;
iii. Occupational health and safety management;
iv. Good housekeeping of the area;
v. Project Maintenance.
Duration
The duration of this phase will be more than fifty (50) years
Types, Amounts and Sources of Project requirements
Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the operational phase are shown
in Table 2.7.
24
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table 2.7: Types, amounts and sources of project requirements during the operational phase
Requirements Type Source Quantity
Water RUWASA 444,864 m3/day
estimated based on the number of
occupants for all buildings ((10,090
Students +502 (staff))*60l/c/d*70%).
Assuming that 70% of the population
will use the structure full time
Energy Electricity • TANESCO • 1050kwhr per day
(National Grid) • 1500kVA
• Standby generator
at the Site
Source: Consultant Analysis, 2023
Types, Amounts and treatment/disposal of Wastes
Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the operation phase are shown in
Table 2.8.
Table 2.8: Types, amounts and treatment/disposal of wastes during the operation phase
Waste Types Amount Treatment/ Disposal
Solid Waste Food 3.7 tons/day (based on •Sorting will be done onsite and a large
(Degradable) remains, generation rate of refuse collection point shall be provided to
cardboards 0.35kg/day/ person, facilitate collection of Solid wastes from
and papers campus intended to Building.
accommodate ((10,090 •The solid waste from the refuse collection
Students +502 (staff)) point shall be collected by Municipal/Private
people, worst case trucks for disposal at the designated
scenario) dumpsite found in Ibondo area
Solid Waste Scrap metals, 5-10 kg/day Sorting will be done at site to reduce waste
(Non- drums, Tins, fractions Scrap metals and drums will be
Degradable glass and sold to Recyclers disposal at the designated
and recyclable) plastics dumpsite, currently at Ibondo area
Liquid waste Sewage 355.9m3/day (The All the liquid wastes from toilets, kitchen,
campus intended to bathrooms etc. will be collected and directed
accommodate people, to the Treatment plants –Septic tanks and
water consumption soak away pit and Upflow Anaerobic Sluge
rate of 60L/capita/day Blanket (UASB) present at the campus
and wastewater
discharge factor
of 80%) and 70% will
use facilities
Q= 0.8*(60*((10,090
Students +502 (staff))
people, worst case
scenario) *0.7
=355,891.2 l/day
Electronic Worn out
wastes computers,
telephones
and other
non-
functioning
electronics
25
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Waste Types Amount Treatment/ Disposal
Hazardous -Oils and -Assumption is that 1 -Service and maintenance of vehicles will be
waste greases person may generate done at designated garages
-Chemicals 5kg of E-waste -Sorting of wastes will be done onsite to
-Scrap metal annually and 70% of allow recycling of electronic wastes since
-Tins, the occupants will these wastes contain important materials
-glass produce the E waste, such as cupper etc. sorted recyclable e-
-Electronic therefore E-wastes wastes will be sold to recyclers
waste generated will be: -Chemicals from dispensary will be
-Medical ((10,090 Students managed following SOPs for managing
waste +502 (staff)) people, medical waste. The project will have an
worst case scenario) incinerator for hazardous solid waste
*5= 37,072 kg/year management from the dispensary
Source: Consultant Analysis, 2023
2.7 PROJECT BOUNDARIES
Identification of boundaries within which the EIA study is undertaken is an important
component of the environmental and social assessment study. There are three types of
boundaries that are considered in this ESIA study: institutional, temporal and spatial
boundaries.
2.7.1 Institutional boundaries
Institutional boundaries refer to those institutions and sectorial boundaries in which the
project lies or mandated. These can be determined from political boundaries, Acts,
regulations and institutional mandates and administrative structures. The proposed
development is about the construction of new ARU buildings in Nyamatongo ward, Karumo
village Sengerema District council. Many institutions and administrative units in Tanzania
are of interest;
• Ministry of Education Science and Technology
• Sengerema Municipal Council
• Tanzania Commission of Universities (TCU)
• Fire and Rescue Force
• Occupational Safety and Health Authority (OSHA)
• RUWASA Sengerema
• TANESCO Sengerema
• Nyamatongo ward
• Karumo village
These institutions will be consulted in this EIA process, as they are key stakeholders with
vested interest in the development at ARU for environment and economic prosperity of the
local people and Tanzanians in general.
2.7.2 Temporal boundaries
Temporal boundaries refer to the lifespan and reversibility of impacts. For example, the
impact of construction work for the affordable housing project may be short-lived, but the
presence of these buildings in the selected site may have implications that stretch far into the
future until when decommissioning is undertaken. Also, consideration needs to be given to
what happens when the project ends, where there is a need for site restoration and
decommissioning of the water supply system. Therefore, some of the impacts that may occur
during construction, e.g., noise caused by bulldozers will disappear as soon as the
construction phase will be completed. The construction period will last for not more than
26
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
sixty months while the operational phase is designed for more than 99 years unless
unforeseen event occurs.
2.7.3 Spatial boundary
The spatial dimension encompasses the geographical spread of the impacts regardless of
whether they are short term or long term. The spatial scale considers the receptor
environmental component and can be local or broader. Two zones of impacts namely core
impact zone and influence impact zone are considered.
1. The core Impact zone- The core impact zone includes the area immediately bordering
the project (0-500m radial distance). In the case of this project, local impacts will
include the site of the construction and the immediate surrounding areas.
2. The influence impact zone- includes the area beyond 500m from the proposed site.
Most of impacts are expected to be within this boundary.
27
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Introduction and state of the Art
A clean and safe environment is the constitutional right of every Tanzanian citizen (see
article 12-28 of the Constitutional of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977 as amended from
time to time). The management of the environment in Tanzania is mainly vested on two
public institutions, the National Environment Management Council (NEMC) and the
Division of Environment (DoE) in the office of the Vice President. The NEMC undertakes
enforcement, compliance, and review of environmental impact statements whereas the DoE
provides the policy formulations and technical back-up and executes the overall mandate for
environmental management in the country. The EIA certificate is issued by the minister
responsible for environment. There are many policies and pieces of legislation on
environmental management in Tanzania, the relevant ones and their applicability to the
establishment of ARU Mwanza Campus; are hereinafter discussed;
3.2 POLICIES RELEVANT TO THE PROJECT
Environmental awareness in the country has significantly increased in recent years. The
government has been developing and reviewing national policies to address environmental
management in various sectors. Among others, the objective of these policies is to regulate
the development undertaken within respective sectors so that they are not undertaken at the
expense of the environment. The national policies that address environmental management as
far as this project is concerned and which form the cornerstone of the present study include
the following:
3.2.1 The National Environmental Policy (2021)
The National Environment Policy for mainland (NEP 2021) is the main policy document
addressing environmental management issues in Tanzania main land. The policy covers
sectors that include land and human settlements; forestry; water and sanitation; health;
transport; energy; industry; wetlands; agriculture; livestock; fisheries; wildlife; tourism; and
mining. The National Environmental Policy, 2021 has relative policy statements to other
sectoral and cross-sectoral policies upon which the Tanzanian environmental laws are
premised. Thus, all economic and development activities are implemented in accordance with
the policy.
The policy requires EIA to be mandatory for all development projects likely to have
significant environmental impacts. The establishment of ARU-Mwanza Campus will take on
board all relevant measures to ensure that the projects is implemented in an economically
sustainable manner whilst safeguarding environmental and social issues for the benefit of the
present and future generations.
3.2.2 The National Land Policy (2019)
The National Land Policy states that, “the overall aim of a National Land Policy is to
promote and ensure a secure land tenure system, to encourage the optimal use of land
resources, and to facilitate broad - based social and economic development without upsetting
or endangering the ecological balance of the environment”. The project will be requir ed to
ensure protection of existing cultural heritage and conservation of ecological and socially
28
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
sensitive areas. The proposed building project is located within the area planned for
institutions and as such it is compatible with the land use in the project area as required by the
National Land Policy. In the context of this project, ARU in collaboration with the financier
(World Bank and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology will ensure proper
disposal of wastes, especially within the project sites. Implementation of the project will
ensure that provisions of the Policy are adhered to.
3.2.3 The Construction Policy (2003)
Among the major objectives of the policy, which supports a sustainable block development
sector, include the promotion and application of cost effective and innovative technologies
and practices to support socio-economic development activities such as blocks, road-works,
water supply, sanitation, shelter delivery and income generating activities and to ensure
application of practices, technologies and products which are not harmful to either the
environment or human health. This project is in-line with this policy as ultra-modern
technology shall be used during construction and its operation. Implementation of the
proposed project will as much as possible make use of cost effective and environmentally
friendly technologies to minimise wastage of resources especially building materials, water
and energy.
3.2.4 The National Gender Policy (2002)
The key objective of this policy is to provide guidelines that will ensure that gender sensitive
plans and strategies are developed in all sectors and institutions. While the policy aims at
establishing strategies to eradicate poverty, it is relevant to the project as it puts emphasis on
gender quality and equal opportunity of both men and women to participate in development
undertakings and to value the role-played by each member of society. It also requires that
women and men are given equal employment opportunities in the project, whenever possible.
This project shall ensure that women will be adequately involved at all levels of project
planning to implementation.
3.2.5 The Energy Policy (2015)
The policy outlines measures to adopt clean technology and minimize energy losses. The
policy states that energy is a prerequisite for the proper function of nearly all sectors of the
economy. It is an essential service whose availability and quality can determine the success
or failure of development endeavours. The policy seeks to promote energy efficiency in all
economic sectors. ARU will promote the objectives of this policy from design perspective of
the building to minimize energy uses. Further shall explore the use of clean energy during the
project implementation.
3.2.6 The National Water Policy (URT, 2002)
The overall objective of the policy is to develop a comprehensive framework for sustainable
management of the national water resources. Policy directs concerted efforts in the protection
of water sources and catchments. The policy also advocates the conservation, wise-use and
minimisation of water uses. The proposed project shall be designed in such a way that water
use is kept to the minimum by, for example, installation plumbing fixtures such as faucets
29
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
and flushing cisterns, which minimises use of water. It will also ensure that pollution of water
sources is avoided or minimized during the construction and operation phases.
3.2.7 The National Health Policy (URT, 2008)
One of the main objective of this policy is to ensure that health services are available and
accessible to all people wherever they are in the country, whether in urban and rural areas.
The policy encourages safe basic hygienic practices in workplaces, promote sound use of
water, promotes construction of latrines and their use, encourage maintenance of clean
environment; working environment which are conducive to satisfactory work performance.
The proponent shall observe this policy during the project implementation.
3.2.8 The Urban Planning and Space Standards Policy 2012
The policy provides guidance for continuing delivery of a high-quality pedestrian and other
people friendly public realm within the city centers to support the economic, social, cultural
and environmental attractiveness of the city centers to businesses, residents and visitors. The
policy explains more as the management of space is a key foundation of the asset
management strategy. Also, the provision of appropriate space is becoming even more
important as institutions increasingly competing in urban areas. Therefore, the project will
plan for proper utilization of project area during its implementation.
3.2.9 The Tanzania Education and Training Policy (2014)
Tanzania aims at improving the quality of education. This is through the collaboration with
all education stakeholders to modernize the curricular at all levels and make sure that it meets
requirements. The education training policy, 2014 stressed that for improvement of the
quality of education in Tanzania there should be a shift from using many textbooks into using
single text book for each subject. The policy also emphasizes all private schools need to have
affordable school fees based on “Unit per course” and analyse its operation as well. The
school fees should relate with the service offered by the school. This project is in-line with
this policy as will modernize education training and put in place the state-of-the-art
equipment for training. In addition, the university fees will be affordable to all people.
3.2.10 The National Mineral Policy (2009)
The National Mineral Policy also addresses that the mining activities should be undertaken in
a sustainable manner. Reclamation of lands after mining activities is recommended. As far as
this project is concerned, mining activities is directed to quarrying activities for obtaining
stones and aggregates. Fine and course aggregates for the proposed project will be strictly
purchased from authorised vendors.
3.2.11 The National Employment Policy (2008)
The major aim of this policy is to promote employment mainly of Tanzania Nationals.
Relevant sections of this policy are (i) 10, which lays down strategies for promoting
employment and section 10.1 is particularly focusing on industry and trade sectors (ii) 10.6
30
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
which deals with employment of special groups i.e. women, youth, persons with disabilities
and (iii) 10.8 which deals with the tendencies of private sectors to employ expatriates even
where there are equally competent nationals. The proponent and contractor shall promote this
policy by employing many Tanzania of relevant qualifications with priority to the community
around and special groups as stated by the policy especially during development phase.
3.2.12 The National Women and Gender Development Policy (2000)
This policy aims to improve opportunities for women and men to play their full roles in
society, recognizing specific gender requirements. The policy aims to minimize shortcomings
related to the limited participation of women in most economic development activities. It
focuses on using available resources to increase incomes, eradicate poverty and improve
living standards. The policy also recognizes and emphasises creating awareness of how
environmental degradation increases poor women’s burden. This project will respond to the
policy by ensuring equal opportunities in employment during development and operation
phases.
3.2.13 The National Policy on HIV/AIDS (2001)
The policy provides a framework for leadership and coordination of the National multi-
sectoral response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. One of the major objectives of the policy is to
strengthen the role of all the sectors, public, private, NGOs, faith groups, CBOs and other
specific groups to ensure that all stake holders are actively involved in HIV/AIDS work and
to provide a framework for coordination and collaboration. The policy recognizes that HIV
infection shall not be grounds for discrimination in relation to education, employment, health
and any other social services. Pre-employment HIV screening shall not be required. For
persons already employed, HIV/AIDS screening, whether direct or indirect, shall not be
required. HIV infection alone does not limit fitness to work or provide grounds for
termination. HIV/AIDS patients shall be entitled to the social welfare benefits like other
patients among the employees. HIV/AIDS information and education targeting the behaviour
and attitudes of employees and employers alike shall be part of HIV/AIDS intervention in the
workplace. Establishment of the proposed project might result into social interactions among
workforce and local community therefore the company will adhere to the policy.
3.2.14 The National Research and Development Policy (2010)
Tanzania recognizes the power of science and technology in national development. The
policies echo the need to embrace science and technology in development. Thus, in aspiring
to achieve the objectives of these policy frameworks, government take cognizance of the
weak links between research and development and continued low transition of youths into
science and technology disciplines. Low transition into science and technology disciplines is
partly as a result of weaknesses of science teaching foundation, which is partly attributed to
inadequate numbers of qualified science teachers. The university will also addressee
research issues and thus in line with the policy requirements. Proponent shall address
research issues and thus in line with the policy requirements.
3.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK
3.3.1 The Environmental Management Act (EMA), 2004
The Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 is the principle legislation governing
environmental management in the country. The Act was established to address the
31
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
environmental management priorities set in the NEP (2021). The Act provides a legal
framework for managing environment in the country. Furthermore, the act made possible
provision of environmental management tools namely: Environmental Management
(Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations 2005 (Amendment), 2018;
Environmental Management (Hazardous Waste Control and Management) Regulations
(2009); and Environmental Management (Soil Quality Standards) Regulations (2007).
The EMA requires an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) to be carried out
for the development of any project which is likely to have a significant impact on the
environment. The ESIA provides the institution responsible for environment sufficient
information to justify, on environmental, social and community development grounds, the
acceptance, modification or rejection of the project and its implementation. Moreover, the
ESIA is targeted to provide the basis for guiding subsequent actions of the project life cycle
which -through management and monitoring plan - will ensure that the proposed project is
carried out considering the environmental, socio-economic issues, and resettlement initiatives
identified along with requirements for compliance throughout the project’s life cycle.
The Act makes it mandatory for any person to comply with the environmental and social
impact assessment requirement of the Project which includes environmental screening,
scoping, preparation of the Environmental Impact Statement and its review before the
decision on environmental clearance is made. As per the Act, there is ESIA screening,
scoping and the review process, while the preparation of the EIS is carried out by the
registered expert forwarded by the project proponent and only after having been approved by
the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC). The HEET project has to
conform to all requirements of environmental clearance and safeguards and they include EIA,
Auditing, Monitoring, and implementation of the environmental and social management
plans for the project.
The Act is relevant to the project because it is expected to have some negative impacts to
the environment during its implementation. The act requires the EIA report to be submitted to
NEMC for review and subsequently issuance of Environmental Impact Assessment
Certificate.
3.3.2 The Land Act, Cap. 113 R.E. 2019
These laws declare all land in Tanzania to be “Public land” to be held by the state for public
purposes. The Acts empower the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, to revoke the
“Right of Occupancy” of any landholder for the “public/national interest” should the need
arise. The laws also declare the value attached to land. The land Act among other things, will
determine the ownership of the land where the project will be implemented.
The law as amended in 2004 recognizes the role of land in economic and urban development.
The law provides for technical procedures for preparing land use plans, detailed schemes and
urban development conditions in conformity with land use plan and schemes. The Local
Government Authority has the power to impose conditions on the development of any area
32
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
according to the land-use planning approved by the Minister. The proposed site has been
planned for institutional purpose.
3.3.3 The Urban Planning Act (2007)
The law provides for the orderly and sustainable development of land in urban areas, to
preserve and improve amenities; to provide for the grant of consent to develop land and
powers of control over the use of land and to provide for other related matters. Section 29-(1)
of the law states that "Notwithstanding the provisions of any other written law to the
contrary, no person shall develop any land within a planning area without planning consent
granted by the planning authority or otherwise than in accordance with planning consent and
any conditions specified therein".
3.3.4 The Occupational Health and Safety Act No. 5 of 2003
The law requires employers to provide a good working environment to workers in order to
safeguard their health. The employers need to perform medical examinations to determine
fitness before engaging employees. Employers must also ensure that the equipment used by
employees is safe and shall also provide proper working gear as appropriate. This shall be
adhered to during construction and operational phase of ARU building projects.
The Act is relevant to the project because it will involve construction of buildings.
Therefore, project is responsible to provide to workers /constructor/ students with a safe
environment during project implementation. In addition, the project construction sites are
required to implement safety measures, regulations and precautions and ensure health and
welfare of workers and proper handling of hazardous materials and chemicals.
3.3.5 The Engineers Registration (Amendment) Act of 2007
The Acts regulate the engineering practice in Tanzania by registering engineers and
monitoring their conduct. It establishes the Engineering Registration Board (ERB). Laws
require any foreigner engineer to register with ERB before practicing in the country. Foreign
engineers who will be involved in this ARU project shall abide to the law requirements.
3.3.6 The Contractors Registration (Amendment) Act, 2008
The Contractors Registration Act requires contractors to be registered by the Contractors
Board (CRB) before engaging in practice. It requires foreign contractors to be registered by
the Board before gaining contracts in Tanzania. Only registered contractors shall be involved
in the implementation of the proposed project. The proponent shall comply with the law
requirements during the recruitment of contractors for ARU project implementation.
3.3.7 The Architects and Quantity Surveyors Act (2010)
Similarly require architects and quantity surveyors (QS) to be registered with the Board
before practicing. Only registered architects and quantity surveyors shall be involved in the
implementation of the proposed project.
33
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
3.3.8 The Public Health Act, 2009
An Act provide for the promotion, preservation and maintenance of public health with the
view to ensuring the provision of comprehensive, functional and sustainable public health
services to the general public and to provide for other related matters.
This Act is relevant to the project especial through Section 66 of the Act state that: (1) A
block or premises shall not be erected without first submitting the plans, sections and
specifications of the block site for scrutiny on compliance with public health requirements
and approval from the Authority. The proposed project will comply with the articles of this
Act.
3.3.9 The Fire and Rescue Act, No. 14 of 2007
According to the Act, among others, the functions of the force are to: ‘(a) Extinguish fire (b)
grade cities, municipalities, townships and villages into various fire and rescues services
levels (c) conduct fire inspection and investigations for purposes of obtaining information
relating to the causes of fire and loss inflicted by fire (d) Conduct studies on investigation of
arson and accidental fire (e) Conduct training for fire department personnel, other officers
and voluntary fire fighters (f) Prepare fire statistics and fire service information (g) Conduct
fire tests on protection facilities, equipment and materials. In section 3(1) (g), it covers
premises of facility used as a place for storage flammable liquids, gas or chemicals. The Act
also obliges the owners and managers of the structures to set aside places with free means of
escape, and install fire alarm and detection systems, or such other escape and rescue
modalities in the event of fire. Design and construction of all buildings shall take into strict
considerations requirements specified in this Act.
3.3.10 The Employment and Labour Relations Act, No.6 of2004
The Act prohibits forced labour and discrimination of any kind in the workplace. It provides
employment standards such as contracts with employees, hours of work, remuneration, leave,
unfair termination of employment and other incidents of termination. The Act makes
provision for core labour rights, to establish basic employment standards, framework for
collective bargaining, prevention and settlement of disputes and other related matters. The
Act strictly prohibit child labour, it provides that no person shall employ a child under the age
of fourteen years, it further provides that a child under eighteen years of age shall not be
employed in any worksite including construction where, that being a case. The Act prohibits
discrimination, being direct or indirect in any employment policy or practice on any of the
following grounds; colour, nationality, tribe or place of origin, race, national extraction,
social origin, political opinion nor religion, sex, gender, pregnancy, marital status, or family
responsibility, disability, HIV/AIDS, age or situation of life. It is an offence for this provision
to be contravened by any employer. The proposed project will follow this Act requirements
in matters related to labour and employment, during its implementation.
In the Employment and Labour Relations Act, Section 7(1) provides details on conditions of
a good and reliable employment environment. Furthermore, sections 11-91 makes provision
for wage determination that stipulates a minimum term and condition of employment as shall
34
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
be the employment standard. Section 11(2) and 14(1) provide detail on employment
contractual conditions, while sections 19(1), (2), (3) and (5) state the working duration and
overtime conditions. Moreover, section 31 provides information on employment leave and
sections 32(1), (2) and (3), provide information on sick and maternity leave.
ARU will ensure that it operates within the requirements of this legislation and will comply
with stipulated conditions of the Employment and Labour Relations Act, 2004 for ensuring
that employee are motivated in discharging their duties for maximum productivity.
3.3.11 The Workers Compensation Act (No.20), 2008
The Act focuses mainly on:
● Provision for adequate and equitable compensation for employees who suffer
occupational injuries or contract occupational diseases arising out of, and in the
course of their employment, and in the case of death to their dependents.
● Provision for the rehabilitation of employee who have suffered occupational
injuries or contacted occupational diseases in order to assist in restoring their
health in dependence and participate in society.
● Provision for a framework for the effective, prompt and empathetic
consideration, settlement and payment of compensation benefits to employees
and their dependants.
● Provide for the establishment, control and administration of workers to
compensation fund, and the legal framework for the contribution to, and payment
from, the fund.
● Give effectiveness to international obligations with respect to compensation.
● Promote prevention of accidents and occupational diseases.
This Act provides the right for compensation to workers for occupational injury in section
19(1) - (5) or accident in sections 20 and 21. Also in sections 22(1) - (5), an employee has the
right to compensation for occupational diseases. The proposed ARU project will operate
within the requirements of this legislation and abide by all relevant sections provided by this
Act.
3.3.12 The Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS Act (No.28), 2008
This Act focuses on the prevention, treatment, care, support and control of HIV and AIDS,
and to provide for appropriate treatment, care and support using available resources to people
who are living with or at risk of HIV and AIDS. Further Section 4(1) provides details to
promote public awareness on the cause, mode of transmission, consequences, prevention and
controls of HIV and AIDS. Further it describes the mode of curbing the spreading, prevalence
of STIs in the population and adverse impacts resulting from HIV and AIDS, as well as
protection rights for orphans. The increase of care, support and access to persons living with
HIV and AIDS is also stipulated in Section 4(1) (f). Further, Sections 6(1) and (2) describe
the necessity for private sectors, in collaboration with government, to implement programs
and plans geared towards prevention, care of patients and control of HIV and AIDS in their
respective area. Section 6(4) stipulates that TACAIDS is the main coordinator and adviser of
such matters.
35
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Section 8(1) describes the necessity to operate within the requirements of this legislation and
be conscious of the public awareness of HIV and AIDS. In addition, Section 9 illustrates how
to operate within the requirements of this legislation, to coordinate and establish workplace
programs on HIV and AIDS for employees under his control, and such programs should
involve the provision of gender responsive HIV and AIDS education, distribution of condoms
and support to people living with HIV and AIDS (awareness creation). Finally, Section 19(2)
describes the provision of community based HIV and AIDS prevention, support and care
services. The project may involve construction of a workers’ camp site, this may lead to the
possible interaction between the workers and the local community members, which may lead
to the increased transmission of HIV / AIDS to both the workforce and the local
communities. In this case ARU project will have to operate within the requirements of this
legislation in adherence to the requirements of its respective regulations in addition to
HIV/AIDS Policy.
3.3.13 The Standard Act of 2009
This Act aims at the promotion of specifications of commodities and services, re-establish the
Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS), the designated national standards authority established
under the TBS Act 1975 and repealed by this act. TBS is responsible for developing all kinds
of national standards, including environmental standards.
The Standards Act has established National Environmental Standards Compendium (NESC)
which is a collection of various standards prepared at different times and recognized by EMA
2004. NESC is divided into three parts. Part 1 comprises of standards that require compulsory
compliance. Compulsory standards are categorized as generic or specific. Specific standards
cover those industries with peculiar effects to the environment while other industries without
a specific standard for Tolerance Limits of Emissions discharge including water quality,
discharge of effluent into water, air quality, control of noise and vibration pollution, sub-
sonic vibrations, soil quality, control of noxious smells, light pollution, and electromagnetic
waves and microwaves
Part 2 of NESC contains those standards that may be implemented on voluntary basis. These
include guideline standards, codes of practice, and other such standards that may not
necessarily be directly enforced, but whose results are implied in some legal requirements.
One of such standards include the Environmental Management Systems (EMS) standards,
like TZS 701/ISO 14001 whose compliance specifications include the relevant legal
requirements. Part 2 thus has important requirements for companies and developers who wish
to demonstrate their commitment to sustainable development by way of self-regulation
mechanism. On the other hand, some companies or developers may be compelled to follow
these standards because of requirements from mother companies and for other various
reasons like certification requirements by environment friendly banks or tenders. Part 2 also
includes standards used in evaluating environmental performance.
Part 3 has the requisite test methods that should be followed when testing for compliance.
The test methods included are referred to in at least one of the specification standards
appearing under Part 1. Although it is not stated in the Act, in the absence of national
36
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
standards, project proponents are encouraged to use international standards such as those of
the World Health Organisation (WHO), World Bank, British Standards (BS), European
Union (EU), American Public Health Association (APHA), United States Environmental
Protection Agency (US EPA) etc. Standards set by the relevant sectors, which also make use
of the international standards, are also applicable. Such standards include the environmental
standards set under the Mining (Environmental Management and Control) Regulations, 1999.
Relevant national environmental standards include:
● TZS 860: 2005 Municipal and Industrial Wastewaters – General Tolerance Limits for
Municipal and Industrial Wastewaters: This standard provides permissible limits of
important environmental parameters such as BOD, COD, pH, color, temperature range,
total suspended solids and turbidity. It also gives permissible limits of a range of
inorganic and organic components. All effluents discharged from the project activities
during all phases shall comply with these specifications. Special attention will be paid
to treatment of effluents from laboratories as some are hazardous in nature.
● TZS 845:2005 Air Quality – Specification: This standard gives permissible emission
limits of sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons (as total organic carbon),
dust, nitrogen oxides and lead. The emissions from earth moving equipment, power
generation plant and other will include SO2, CO, dust and NOX; as such the project will
have to observe these limits.
● TZS 983:2007 Air Quality - Vehicular Exhaust Emissions Limits: This standard is
mainly derived from EU Directives 96/69/EC, 91/542/EEC and 97/24/EC. This
Tanzania Standard gives permissible limits of some common substances found in
exhaust emissions of motor vehicles, namely carbon monoxides, suspended particulate
matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbons. The standard covers all types of
vehicles namely, passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, and
two and four strokes motorcycles and scooters. In order to carry out quarrying
activities and processing operations, the project will operate a fleet of heavy duty and
light vehicles in addition to hiring other vehicular equipment. As such, the project will
need to observe the provisions of these standards.
● TZS 932:2006: Acoustics - General Tolerance Limits for Environmental Noise: This
standard focuses on urban environmental noise, and does not cover occupation
environment. In the absence of other standards it may be used to give indication of
permissible noise levels in factory/workshop environment.
● TZS 789:2003 - Drinking (potable) water – Specification: This standard prescribes the
quality requirements for drinking water other than packaged drinking water. It does not
cover the requirements for natural mineral water. It prescribes the quality requirements
for drinking water distributed in the food industry, domestic and catering purposes. It
applies to bacteriological, biological, virological, physical, chemical and radiological
quality criteria. It is intended also to community piped water supplies i.e. those water
systems serving cities, municipalities and townships, community standpipes and wells
37
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
and drinking water distributed by tankers. For protecting the health of consumers,
portable water during all the project phases shall comply with these standards.
● TZS 931:2006 Protection against ionising radiation - Limits for occupational exposure:
This standard aims at protecting workers, whose practices expose them to ionising
radiation, namely; gamma- and X-rays, alpha, beta and other particles that can induce
ionisation. The Standard does not apply to non-ionising radiation such as microwave,
ultraviolet, visible light and infrared radiation. It applies to all workplaces in which
employees are occupationally exposed or in which there is a potential for occupational
exposure to ionising radiation, unless exempted by the Regulatory Authority.
The proposed ARU project will be adhered to this Act requirement, during the
implementation.
3.3.14 The Universities Act No. 7 of 2005
Universities Act No. 7 of 2005 provides for establishment of the Tanzania Commission for
Universities (TCU) to provide the procedure for accreditation of institutions of higher
learning and other related matters. Among other functions, the TCU accredits higher
education institutions; coordinates admissions into state institutions of higher education;
examines and accredits academic programmes submitted to it by institutions of higher
education; make regulations in respect of admission of persons seeking to enrol in institutions
of higher education; and, make visitations and inspection of higher learning institutions for
ensuring compliance with relevant regulatory instruments. The proposed ARU will be
regulated by the Tanzania Commission for Universities (TCU) for ensuring that quality
education is offered, which meets the needs of all the stakeholders in line with this Act.
3.3.15 The Education (Amendment) Act, 1995
This Act establish the Higher Education Accreditation Council, to provide the procedure for
accreditation and other related matters. Among other functions, the council accredits higher
education institutions; approve admissions into state institutions of higher education, to
examine and approve proposals for courses of study and course regulations submitted to it by
institutions of higher education; make regulations in respect of admission of persons seeking
to enroll in state institutions of higher education and to provide a central admission service to
higher education institutions; and make visitations and inspection of higher institutions. ARU
under HEET project will be monitored by Accreditation Council.
3.3.16 The Water Resource Management Act, No. 11 of 2009
The Water Resource Management Act 2009 is a new principal legislation dealing with the
protection of water resources and control of water extraction for different uses. According to
section 39 (1) of this act, owner or occupier of land on which any activity or process is or was
performed or undertaken, or any other situation exists which causes has caused or is likely to
cause pollution of a water source, shall take all reasonable measures to prevent any such
pollution from occurring, continuing or recurring.
This Act repeals the Water Utilisation Act of 1974 and its subsequent amendments. It
provides right to water for domestic uses by any person from any surface water sources and
rainwater without a permit as long as no works are constructed for the purpose. The Act
38
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
indicates the need of a water use permit for any works for water abstractions or water
abstraction for uses other than domestic ones. The Act further prohibits discharge of waste
streams into any water body including rivers (e.g., small rivers within the project areas)
without written permit from the water officer. The Act requires adherence to present
environmental standards of receiving water bodies when legally discharging waste waters.
The Contractor shall observe this legal provision throughout construction, operation and
decommissioning phases. Proponent will connect the project to public sewage system and
also ensure the provisions of this Act are observed.
3.3.17 The Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 5 of 2019
Part IV of the Act states obligations of water supply and sanitation authorities to provide
water supply and sanitation services, indicates their functions, powers and duties.
Consequently, it gives responsibilities for provision of adequate and reliable water supply
and sanitation services in urban areas to Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities
(WSSA). With respect to their responsibilities to ensure adequate and reliable service
provision, the Act gives power to WSSA to enter any land for the purpose of laying water
pipe network and charge fees to facilitate financial obligation necessary for operation and
maintenance of the water supply and sanitation networks. The proponent shall use clean to
water from Mwanza Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority.
3.3.18 The Electricity Act No 10 of 2008
This Act provides for facilitation and regulation of generation, transmission, transformation,
distribution, supply and use of electric energy, cross border trade in electricity and the
planning and regulation of rural electrification. Section 25 details the relevant Power
Purchase Agreements concluded subsequent to the entry into force of this Act. Section 25 (2)
A licensee may by rules made by the Authority conclude agreements for the purchase or sale
of electricity. This section provides for (among others) agreements relating to electricity
purchase and sale in the market determined by the authority, to be competitive Standardized
Power Purchase Agreement and Tariff for small power projects. The primary power supply
for the project will be the Tanzania Electricity Supply Businessman (TANESCO). Therefore,
proponent shall adhere to the requirement of this Act in the process of the Electricity
purchase from TANESCO.
3.3.19 The Roads Act No. 13 of 2007
The Roads Act governs the deviation, widening, construction or realignment of a road or
access road, as well as describing the compensation details for people that need to be resettled
as a result of these. Section 15 provides details on the power of the Minister for provision of
consent for the new construction of such infrastructure. Section 16 provides details on the
compensation for land and cut vegetation during road construction. Section 35 describes
owner to be given power concerning the decision of creating an access road in line with laid
conditions.
Section 39 and regulation 42 detail the prohibition of certain classes of traffic, and sets out
maximum weight, speed and dimensions of vehicles. Section 40 provides the chance for
appeal to the proponent if not given consent for the proposed access road construction.
Furthermore, the Act provides for road safety through creating road signs and bumps to avoid
any occurrence of accidents, and the authority that has jurisdiction for carrying out road
undertakings. The proposed project will utilise the current public roads and therefore obliged
to observe the requirement of this Act.
3.3.20 The Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, Cap. 288 R.E 2009]
Tanzania is implementing the Local Government Reform Programme (which has instituted
"Decentralization by Devolution''. District and Urban councils have extensive powers under
39
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
the two acts, both in governance aspects and in the management of natural resources and land
in their respective jurisdictions. The administrative aspects of valuation and payment of
compensation are assigned to local government authorities’ and Regional administration. It is
on the basis of this Act that, the proponent is determined to ensure continuous conservation of
the project site while maintaining environmental and public health safety.
3.3.21 The Local Government Law (Miscellaneous Amendment) Act, 2006
This act established the local governments and urban authorities with mandates to spearhead
developments in districts and urban centres (for cities and municipalities) respectively. By
this law, the authorities have mandates to formulate bylaws to enhance environmental
management within their district/urban authorities.
Commitments: Proponent shall observe the bylaws set by Sengerema District.
3.3.22 The Persons with Disability Act, 2010
The basic principles of this Act are to respect for human dignity, individual’s freedom to
make their own choices and independence of persons with disabilities, non-discrimination,
full and effective participation and inclusion of persons with disabilities in all aspects of
society, equality of opportunity, accessibility, equality between men and women with
disabilities and recognition of their rights and needs, and provide a basic standard of living
and social protection. The project proponent will fulfil this legal requirement in all project
phases, from design, construction and operation.
3.3.22 The Child Act, 2010
The legal framework for child labour in Tanzania is contained in the Law of the Child Act
(Act No. 21, 2009). The Act sets the minimum age for admission of a child to employment at
14 (Sec. 77.2). It also contains a provision permitting light work for children who are at least
12, where light work is defined as work that is not likely to be harmful to the health or
development of the child and does not affect the child’s attendance at school or the capacity
of the child to benefit from schoolwork (Sec.77.3). The Act prohibits the engagement of
children and children below 18 in hazardous work, posing a danger to health, safety or morals
and in “night work” taking place between 8 pm and 6 am (Sec. 82.2). The Law of the Child
(Child Employment) Regulations (G.N. No. 196, 2012), which is used to implement the Law
of the Child Act (Act No. 21, 2009), contains list of all hazardous activities in which a child
shall not be allowed to work, even on a voluntary basis. Section 82 of the Act also protects
children from sexual exploitation. A child shall be protected from sexual exploitation and use
in prostitution, inducement or coercion to engage in sexual activity and exposure to obscene
materials. The project proponent will protect against child labour, especially during the
construction period.
3.4 Relevant National Plans, Strategies
To guide national development more effectively and systematically, Tanzania has prepared
many strategies aiming at operationalizing the various policies in key sectors. Some of the
strategies that have a bearing on the proposed project are:
3.4.1 The Tanzania Development Vision 2025
The Tanzania Vision 2025 aims at achieving a high quality livelihood for its people attain
good governance through the rule of law and develop a strong and competitive economy.
Specific targets include:
1. A high quality livelihood characterized by sustainable and shared growth (equity),
and freedom from abject poverty in a democratic environment. Specifically, the
40
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Vision aims at: food self-sufficiency and security, universal primary education and
extension of tertiary education, gender equality, universal access to primary health
care, 75% reduction in infant and maternal mortality rates, universal access to safe
water, increased life expectancy, absence of abject poverty, a well-educated and
learning society.
2. Good governance and the rule of law moral and cultural uprightness, adherence to the
rule of law, elimination of corruption.
3. A strong and competitive economy capable of producing sustainable growth and
shared benefits a diversified and semi-industrialized economy, macro-economic
stability, a growth rate of 8% per annum, adequate level of physical infrastructure, an
active and competitive player in regional and global markets.
ARU is one of the important projects to enable Tanzania achieve its Development Vision
objectives notably eradicating poverty. ARU project will contribute to the attainment of the
2025 Vision through provision of adequate skilled labor force for implementing various
development plans.
3.4.2 The Third National Five-Year Development Plan (FYDP III; 2021/22 – 2025/26)
The Plan is a continuation of Government’s efforts in achieving the goals set in the National
Development Vision 2025 enduring exertion to further improve the standard of living for all
Tanzanians. The main objective of the Third Plan is to contribute to realisation of the
National Development Vision 2025 goals. These goals include Tanzania becoming a middle-
income country status and continue with transformation of becoming an industrial country
with a high human development or a high standard of living. Upon reaching its vision, which
have the following attributes: peace, stability and unity; good governance; an educated and
learning society; and a strong economy that can withstand competition and benefit many
people. The FYDP III, therefore, will seek to enable the country to more effectively use her
geographical opportunities and resources for production and economic growth, while,
ensuring that the outcomes benefit all citizens in line with the Vision’s goals of a high quality
of life. FYDP III will continue to implement the projects and programmes aimed at opening
up economic opportunities, build an industrial economy, strengthen competitiveness in
domestic, regional and global markets as well as strengthen human development including
the education sector. The proposed project supports this development plan by increasing
academic, research and innovation opportunities in various geographica areas of Tanzainia
including Sengereme District, Mwanza region where the ARDHI University will be
constructed.
3.4.3 The National Plan of Action to End Violence Against Women and Children (NPA-
VAWC) 2017/18-2021/22
From a situation analysis of this plan, violence is a daily reality for large numbers of women
and children in Tanzania. The NPA-VAWC recognizes that reducing violence has positive
implications for inclusive growth and has ambitious targets that could positively impact the
agency of women and girls. The plan aims to dramatically lower rates of teenage pregnancy,
reduce the practice of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), and drastically reduce child
marriage throughout the country. The plan incorporates strategies to help local authorities and
police, service providers, and communities better provide prevention and response services
41
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
that have the greatest potential for reducing violence against women and children. To put the
plan in action, ARU should with relevant government officials, social welfare officers,
religious leaders, and police officers during implementation of the proposed project to end
existing Violence against Women and Children.
3.5 National Regulations
3.5.1 The Environmental Management (Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit)
(Amendment) Regulations (2018)
The Environmental Management (Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit) Amendment
Regulations, 2018 are read as one with the EIA and Audit regulations, 2005 are made under
Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004. The regulations provide the basis for
undertaking Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Audits for various
development projects with significant environmental impacts in the country. These
regulations set procedures for conducting EIA and environmental audit in the country. The
regulations also require registration of EIA experts.
In accordance with the Tanzania Environment Impact Assessment and Audit Regulation of
2005 and revised in 2018, project activities to be funded will be categorized according to the
extent of environmental and social impacts of the sub-projects. That is whether impacts are
low impact, site specific and that can be prevented and mitigated if all responsible parties
apply the prevention and mitigation measures.
The First Schedule gives list of projects requiring and not requiring EIA and it categorizes
projects into four categories:
Type A – Category for mandatory project
Type B1 – Category for borderline project
Type B2 – Category for Non-Mandatory and
Special Category – project where potential risks are uncertain and requires detailed
specialized study prior to EIA.
According to the schedule, Type B2 Projects are small scale activities and not enterprises and
shall require registration but shall not require EIA. Further the project shall not require
screening and scoping, rather the project brief shall be examined and issued with the
Environmental Impacts Assessment Certificate.
Regulation 6(1), 8(1) and 10(1) provide procedures for application for EIA certificate for B2,
B1 and A categories respectively. The Regulations also, specifies issues to be covered by
the proponent in the project brief and scoping reports. Section 6 (2) requires a project brief to
be prepared by an environmental expert registered as such under the environmental
(Registration of Environmental Experts) Registrations.
Part IV Regulation 13(1) requires the Project Proponent to conduct EIA in accordance with
the general environmental impact assessment guidelines and in accordance with the steps
outlined in the Fourth Schedule of the regulations. Regulations 16 specifies EIA study
should cover environmental, social, cultural, economic and legal issues.
42
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Part X Regulation 49 and 50 outlines the objectives of carrying out annual self-auditing and
control audit to check and verify the adequacy the environmental management plan in
mitigating the negative impacts of the project.
Part XII Regulation 60(1) stipulated that “notwithstanding any license, permit or approval
granted under any written law, any person who commences, proceeds with, executes or
conducts any project or undertaking without approval granted under these Regulations
commits an offense and on conviction shall be liable to the punishment prescribed under the
Act.
The regulation is relevant to the ARU project as may falls under Type A, B1 or B2 categories
and therefore project registration or EIA study is mandatory and should be carried out in
accordance with the guidelines stipulated in the Fourth Schedule to the Regulations.
3.5.2 The Environmental Management (Registration and Practicing of Environmental
Experts) Regulations, 2021
Section 83 of the EMA (2004) stipulates that the Environmental Impact Assessment shall be
conducted by experts or firms of experts whose names and qualifications are registered by
NEMC. The NEMC maintain a registry of EA and EIA experts. These regulations also set the
code of practice of the experts for which the Environmental Impact Assessment experts for
this project subscribe. This study has been carried out by the registered expert by NEMC.
3.5.3 The Environmental Management (Fee and charges) (Amendment) Regulations,
2021
These Regulations specify the amount of environmental fees for various operating projects
and other fees for assessment. Of particular importance to this project is annual fees to enable
the Council to undertake to monitor and audits to ensure the environmental obligation
stipulated in the EIA report is adhered to during all project phases. Thus, the OUT shall
adhere to these regulations by paying the required fees timely to the Council.
3.5.4 The Environmental Management (Air Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007
The objective of this standard is to set baseline parameters for air quality and emissions
within acceptable standards. It enforces minimum air quality standards prescribed by NEMC
to industrialists for the purpose of adopting environmental friendly technologies to ensure
protection of human health and environment pollution sources.
The standards prohibit emissions above the prescribed standards unless the emitter obtains
permission to be exempted or obtain air pollutant emission permit. Fugitive dust emissions
represent the most likely issue requiring avoidance or mitigation during the mobilisation and
construction phase. The limit for dust emissions in terms of the Second Schedule to the
Regulations is 250mg/Nm3 (mean over a 24 hour period). The proposed project will have to
abide to Environmental Management (Air Quality Standards) Regulations 2007, and the
current assessment is within the required standards. During project implementation the
43
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
regulations will be complied with to ensure dust emissions from the project are within the
acceptable limits.
3.5.5 The Environmental Management (Soil Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007
The objective of this standard was to set limits for soil contaminants in agriculture and
habitat. It enforces minimum soil quality standards prescribed by NEMC to maintain, restore
and enhance the sustainable productivity of the soil.
The standards prohibit discharge onto soil any material which will interfere with its natural
quality or be polluted unless the person obtains permission to be exempted or obtain soil
pollutant discharge permit. Contaminants of heavy metals in habitat and agricultural soils
shall comply with parameters and upper limits specified in the standards.
Elevated levels of heavy metals may occur naturally within the soils surrounding. However,
any proposed expansion projects will be designed to avoid the release of contaminants, with
elevated levels of heavy metals, to the environment. The proposed project will have to abide
to this regulation by discouraging haphazard disposal of wastes to the environment.
3.5.6 The Environmental Management (Water Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007
The objective of this standard is to enforce minimum water quality standards prescribed by
the NEMC. it ensure all discharges of pollutants take account the ability of the receiving
waters to accommodate contaminants without detriment to the uses specified for the waters
concerned, so as to protect human health and conservation of the environment.
The standards prohibit discharges above the prescribed standards unless the emitter obtains
permission to be exempted or obtain water pollutant emission permit. The regulation
recognizes the requirement to obtain a water user permit as detailed Water Resources
Management Act, 2009 and attaches additional conditions to securing the permit which
requires an EIA statement of the permit application to be submitted to NEMC.
These regulations also include effluent standards (First Schedule – Permissible Limits for
Municipal and Industrial Effluents), drinking water standards, specific effluent standards for
particular industries and distances from pollution sources to water sources of which the
proposed project must adhere to specifically when managing discharges from the project
activities including research training and undertakings.
3.5.7 The Environmental Management (Standards for Control of Noise and Vibration
Pollution) Regulations, 2015
The power of formulation of standards for the control of noise and vibration pollution is
delegated to the national environmental management standard committee. Among the
responsibilities of the committee is to set minimum standards for emissions of noise and
vibrations pollution into the environment. The regulation prohibits a person to made any
loud, unreasonable, unnecessary on unusual noise that annoys, disturbs, injures or endangers
the comfort, repose, health or safety of others and of the environment describes the
44
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
permissible noise levels from different facilities. According to Regulation 8 Part V, the owner
of the machinery or the occupier of the facility or premises has a duty to control noise.
Second schedule of the regulation stipulate the tolerance limits for environmental vibration.
The provisions of these regulations will guide in ensuring that noise and vibration levels do
not exceed the maximum thresholds specified.
3.5.8 The Environmental Management (Hazardous Waste Control and Management)
Regulations, 2019
The Regulations require every person living in Tanzania to have a stake and a duty to
safeguard the environment from the adverse effects of hazardous wastes and inform the
relevant authority on any activity and phenomenon resulting from hazardous waste that is
likely to affect the environment and human health. Further the regulations require a generator
of hazardous waste to be responsible for the sound management and disposal of such waste.
They shall be liable for damage to the environment and injury to human health. ARU shall
observe the provisions of these regulations and comply if there is any hazardous waste
generated.
3.5.9 The Environmental Management (Solid Waste Management) Regulations, 2009
The regulation state that every person living in Tanzania shall have a stake and a duty to
safeguard the environment from the adverse effects of solid wastes and to inform the relevant
authority on any activity and phenomenon resulting from solid waste that is likely to
adversely affect the public health and environment. Further, the regulation requires the
occupier of any premises to be obliged to use appropriate receptacles. Also, regulations
require the occupier to comply with such days and approximate times for collection of waste
specified by the local government authority having jurisdiction over the premises. Thus, ARU
shall comply with all these requirements during the implementation of the project in all
phases. The management of solid waste should be carried out in accordance with the
proposed ESMP.
3.5.10 The Fire and Rescue Force (Safety Inspections & Certificates) amendment
Regulations, 2014
These Regulations cover many aspects, such as administration, responsibilities and powers of
the Fire and Rescue Force, its activities, fire and rescue operations, the welfare of its staff, the
Minister’s power, and the property groups’ classification determine the levy. These
regulations require fire safety inspections to be conducted and the certificate renewed
annually. Failure to renew it within one month incurs a penalty of 25 percent of the fee. Thus,
ARU shall comply with all these requirements during the implementation of the project.
3.5.11 The Environmental Management (Control and Management of Electrical and
Electronic Equipment Waste) Regulations, 2021
These Regulations apply to all categories of electrical and electronic equipment wastes with
respect to generation, collection, storage, transportation, importation, exportation,
distribution, selling, purchasing, recycling, refurbishing, assembling, dismantling and
disposal of electrical and electronic equipment waste or components, and their movement
into or outside Mainland Tanzania. The amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment
(widely known as WEEE or e-waste) generated every year in Tanzania is increasing rapidly.
45
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Waste from electrical and electronic equipment includes a large range of devices such as
computers, printers, fridges and mobile phones at the end of their life. This type of waste
contains a complex mixture of materials, some of which are hazardous. These can cause
major environmental and health problems if the discarded devices are not managed properly.
These regulations require the separate collection and proper treatment of WEEE and sets
targets for their collection as well as for their recovery and recycling. Thus, ARU shall
comply with all these requirements during the implementation of the project.
3.6 Relevant International Agreements, Conventions and Treaties
Tanzania is party or acceded to several international agreements and conventions relating to
the environment. Agreements of potential relevance for the proposed development are
briefly mentioned below.
3.6.1 The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (1992)
Tanzania signed the CBD in 1992 and ratified it in March 1996, thereby committing to the
conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The objective of the Convention on
Biological Diversity (CBD; 1992) is to conserve biological diversity, promote the sustainable
use of its components, and encourage equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the
utilization of genetic resources (see www.biodiv.org). Relevant to this project is Article 6 of
the CBD, which provides general measures for conservation and sustainable use of
biodiversity. Article 14, which requires parties to carry out EIA on all projects and
development which may have adversely impact on the environment. It is expected that during
construction, the project activities will involve clearing of secondary vegetation at the project
site. However, landscaping and re-vegetation will be carried out upon completion of the
works.
3.6.2 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992)
The UNFCCC or FCCC is an international environmental treaty produced at the UNCED,
informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to 14, 1992. The
objective of the treaty is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a
level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
Article 4 commits parties to develop, periodically update, publish and make available
national inventories of anthropogenic emissions of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the
Montreal Protocol (by source) and inventories of their removal by sinks, using agreed
methodologies. It commits parties to mitigate GHG as far as practicable. Tanzania having
ratified this convention and putting into consideration the nature of the proposed project,
there is an apparent need to ensure the project activities live within the carrying capacity of
the environment and to avoid the emission of potentially atmospheric debilitating gases.
3.6.3 The Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, 1989
This Convention was adopted on 22nd March 1989 by 116 states in Basel, Switzerland and
come into force on 5th May 1992 in accordance with article 25(1) of the Convention.
Tanzania acceded to the Basel Convention on 7th April 1993. In the context of the Basel
Convention, wastes are considered hazardous to people and the environment if they are toxic,
poisonous, explosive, corrosive, flammable, eco-toxic, or infectious. These can be in liquid,
solid or in other forms. According to the Convention various types of wastes fall under these
46
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
categories. These are listed in Annex I of the Convention (as amended in Annex VIII). A list
of hazardous characteristics is contained in Annex III of the Convention. The Convention
requires any Party to ensure that management of hazardous wastes or other wastes is done in
a manner, which prevents pollution so as to minimize the consequences thereof for human
health and the environment. The proposed project will generate different types of hazardous
waste, and different measures have been proposed in the mitigation chapter on how to
manage generated hazardous waste.
3.6.4 ILO Convention: C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999
The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, was adopted by the International Labour
Organization (ILO) in 1999 as ILO Convention No 182. The Convention supports the
prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including slavery, forced
labour and trafficking in human beings. The convention was ratified by Tanzania on
12:09:2001 and by ratifying this Convention, Tanzania commits itself to taking immediate
action to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour. Thus, ARU shall ensure no
child is employed in the project activities.
3.6.5 ILO Convention: C138 Minimum Age Convention, 1973
This Convention C138 (the Minimum Age Convention) provides for a minimum age of 15
years for admission to employment (temporarily set at 14 for some developing countries).
The minimum age for access to employment that is likely to 'jeopardise the health, safety or
morals of young persons'– that is, hazardous work – is set at 18 years of age (16 under certain
conditions). A difficulty arises in relation to the definition of such hazardous work, as there is
no international list of the forms of work that are considered as posing a hazard. According to
the Minimum Age Convention, hazardous types of employment or work that are prohibited
up to the age of 18 have to be determined by the competent national authorities after
consultation with employers and workers (Article 3(2)).The Minimum Age Convention
allows 'light work' to be performed by persons aged 13 to 15 (or even 12 to 14 in certain
countries), provided: a) it is not likely to be harmful to their health or development; and b) it
does not prejudice their attendance of school or vocational training. The convention was
ratified by United Republic of Tanzania on 16:12:1998. As such, ARU shall ensure no child
is employed in the project activities.
3.6.6 ILO Convention: C148 Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and
Vibration) Convention, 1977
The objectives of the convention are to protect workers against occupational hazards in the
working environment. The convention applies to all branches of economic activity, except
where special problems of a substantial nature exist. Parties may accept the obligations of this
Convention separately in respect of air pollution, noise and vibration. Measures to be taken
for the prevention and control of, and protection against, occupational hazards in the working
environment due to air pollution, noise and vibration shall be prescribed by national laws and
regulations. Criteria for determining the hazards of exposure to air pollution, noise and
vibration in the working environment and exposure limits on the basis of these criteria shall
be established by the competent authority. Tanzania ratified the convention on 30:05:1983
and as such ARU shall ensure workers are protected against occupational hazards.
47
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
3.6 Institutional Framework for the Management of Environment
Tanzania is among countries in East Africa with an Act for environmental management
legislation. The legislation, Environmental Management Act (EMA) (2004), provides a legal
and institution framework that guides the implementation of the environmental management
activities. The framework provides a pre-requisite for effective implementation of
Environment Policy at all levels (National, Region, Council, and Village/Mtaa/Hamlet).
According to the Environmental Management Act (EMA) (2004), there is the Environmental
Management Committee established at the Hamlet/Village/Mtaa, Ward, Council and at
National level with the responsibility for the proper management of the environment in
respect of the area in which they are established. The functions and responsibility of these
committees are well explained in the Act. Moreover, section 36 (1), (2) of EMA stipulates
that each City, Municipal, District and Town councils shall designate or appoint an
Environmental Management Officer (EMO) who shall perform among the following
functions:
i) Advice the environmental management committee to which he/she belongs on all matters
related to the environment.
ii) Promote environmental awareness in the area he/she belongs on the protection of the
environment and the conservation of natural resources.
iii) Monitor the preparation, review and approval of Environmental Impact Assessment for
local investments.
The Institutional set up as presented in Table 3.1 explains the layers of decision making from
national to Village/Mtaa/Hamlet levels.
Table 3.1: Key Institutions to the ESIA Process
Level Institution Role and Responsibility
National level Vice • Coordinate various environment management
President’s activities in Tanzania
Office • Advise the Government on legislative and other
(Division of measures for the management of the environment
Environment,) • Advise the Government on international
environmental agreements
• Monitor and assess activities, being carried out by
relevant agencies in order to ensure that the
environment is not degraded
• Prepare and issue a report on the state of the
environment in Tanzania;
• Coordinate the implementation of the National
Environmental Policy
48
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Vice • Carry on environmental audit and environmental
President’s monitoring
Office - • Carry out surveys which will assist in the proper
NEMC management and conservation of the environment
• Undertake and co-ordinate research, investigation
and surveys in conservation and management
• Review and recommend for approval of
environment impact statements
• Enforce and ensure compliance of the national
environmental quality standards
• Initiate and evolve procedures and safeguards for
the prevention of accidents which may cause
environmental degradation and evolve remedial
measures where accidents occur;
• Undertake in co-operation with relevant key
stakeholders environmental education and public
awareness;
Ministry of • Issuing policy guidance
Education • Providing legal frameworks
Science and • Issuing licenses, provisions of certificates of
Technology compliances
• Enforcement of laws and regulations
• Project monitoring.
Ministry of • Issuing rights of occupancy,
Lands, • Overseeing land use planning and issues relating
Housing and to compensation and physical and economic
Human resettlement (if any)
Settlements
Development
Ministry of • Responsible for issuing water use permits,
Water • Enforcing laws and regulation of water quality and
Basin Water utilization, as well as permitted discharge levels.
Offices • Co-operate between sectors at the local level.
• Resolve conflicts between water users.
49
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Tanzania • Mandate to recognise, approve, register and
Commission accredit Universities
for Universities • Conduct regular and impromptu periodic
(TCU) evaluation of universities, their systems and
programmes
• Advise the government and the general public on
matters related to higher education in Tanzania as
well as international issues pertaining to higher
education, including advice on program and policy
formulation and other best practices.
• Providing support to universities in terms of
coordinating the admission of students, offering
training and other sensitisation interventions in
key areas like quality assurance, university
leadership and management, fund raising and
resources mobilisation, entrepreneurial skills and
gender mainstreaming.
Occupation • Approval of building plans for the proposed
Safety and project
Health • Monitoring Health and Safety of workers in
Authority working premises
OSHA
Project World Bank • Project financing
Funding • Ensure the project is carried out to the highest
Institutions environmental standards strictly in accordance
with the ESIA and the mitigation measures set out
in the ESMF.
• Provide second line of monitoring compliance and
commitments made in the ESMPs through
supervision.
Project ARU_Mwanza • Project implementation including mitigation
Proponent Campus measures.
• Ensure environmental compliance by the Sector
Ministry.
• Liaise with the DoE and the NEMC on matters
involving the environment and all matters with
respect to which cooperation or shared
responsibility is desirable or required.
• Oversee the preparation of and implementation of
all ESIA‟s required for investments.
50
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Regional level Mwanza • Responsible for environmental coordination of all
Regional advice on environmental management in the
Secretariat region and liaises with the Director and the
Office Director General on implementation and
enforcement of the Environment Act.
• A Regional Environment Management Expert
appointed by the Minister responsible for Regional
Administration heads the secretariat.
• The Regional Environment Management Expert is
responsible for advising the local authorities on
matters relating to the implementation and
enforcement of the Environment Act. The Expert
links the region with the Director of Environment
and Director General.
• Advice on implementation of development
projects and activities at Regional level.
District level Sengerema • Oversee and advice on implementation of national
District policies at Municipal level
• Oversee enforcement of laws & regulations
• Advice on implementation of development
projects and activities at Municipal level
Ward Level Nyamatongo • Oversee general development plans for the Ward.
Ward • Provide information on local situation and
Extension services
• Technical support & advice
• Project Monitoring
Street (mtaa) Karumo village • Information on local social, economic and
level office environnemental situation
• View on socio-economic and cultural value of the
sites and on proposed plant operations
• Rendering assistance and advice on the
implementation of the project
• Project Monitoring (watchdog for the
environment, ensure wellbeing of residents and
participate in project activities.
3.7 ARU Project Implementation Team
ARU Mwanza Campus Project Implementation Unit (PIU) has been established. It has a total
of 27 members. Out of this, there is one environmentalist, one social and one gender experts
locally known as ESS Team. At the project level both contractors and a Consultant have been
guided in the contracts to employ experts in environment, social and gender. The
Environmental and Social Safeguard Team will make sure that this is implemented. The ESS
Team is involved in SE, providing inputs in all ToR and contracts for procurement of
contractors and consultants. It has also developed GRM which is operational as well as
developed an ESS Office. There is also a suggestion box. The rest PIU members include
Coordinator, Deputy Coordinator, infrastructural Development, Capacity building, Curricula
development, Finance, ICT, Procurement, M&E, Industrial linkage and Communication
51
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
officer. A high proportion of PIU members have been appointed based on their expertise and
thus their contribution to this project is based on their expertise.
This ESIA has consulted most of these institutions at various stages as part of this ESIA
undertaking and their views and concerns have been incorporated in the report. Key
institutional arrangement for HEET Project Implementation is stipulated Table 3.2
summarizes responsibilities for each institution involved in ESIA.
Table 3.2: Key Institutions for implementation of the project
LEVEL Institution Roles and Responsibility
World Bank ● Review sub-project screening including risk
level categorization;
● Review the ESIAs, ESMPs and site specific
ESMPs;
● Review quarterly reports by the implementing
agencies;
● Monitor compliance with the ESMF; and
● Undertake implementation support missions.
Ministerial MoEST (NPIT) At the national level, NPTI to oversee key project
level functions including:
• project coordination,
• procurement,
• financial management (FM),
• and M&E.
Regional Regional Commissioner’s • Issuing relevant permits
Authorities Office • Land ownership and road reserves, current land
uses, neighbouring activities and developments
District Executive Director • Relevant permit, official public notices
Office
Functional Departments –
Planning, Water, Health,
Community Development,
Natural Resources, etc.
District /local Land Allocation Committee ● Land approval
level District/Ward Functional ● Extension Services
Departments – Planning, ● Key stakeholder in project implementation
Water, Health, Community
Development, Natural
Resources, etc.
Environmental Committees ● Project Monitoring (Watchdog for the
environment)
Ward Development Committee ● Project Monitoring
Local Stakeholders ● Project Monitoring
Water Supply Water Supply and Sanitation • Managing and maintaining sewerage networks
and Authority (RUWASA) • Managing and maintaining of water supply
Sanitation networks
Authorities • Ownership of utilities within the road reserves
• Placing, managing and relocating utilities on,
over within or along the proposed project route
52
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
TANESCO TANESCO Regional Office ● Power supply
Regional
Level
EWURA Energy and Water Utilities • Setting of the tariffs and charges
National Regulatory Authority • Monitoring performance and standards with
Level regards to quality, safety, health and
environment
Project ARU HEET Project has Overall, PIT main task is oversee Project
Proponent - established a Project. implementation involving development of ToR
ARU Implementation Team (PIT) as for consultants and contractors, developing
stipulated in POM 2021 which specifications and performing procurement
states that Each PIU will be process for equipment and facilities,
headed by a Project procurement of consultant and contractors,
Coordinator/Leader and have meeting regularly for assessment of project
staff responsible for FM, development, providing specifications for ICT
procurement, environmental procurement and related facilities, overseeing
and social safeguards, and and implementing capacity development,
M&E. developing curricula, establishing and working
with Industrial Advisory Committee conducting
However, according to MoEST capacity building for its members and
letter of 2021 14 specialists undertaking M&E of the project.
were required to be appointed
to form a PIT . Accordingly at Roles and responsibilities of ESS Team
ARU 27 staff have been
appointed by the Accounting ● Capacity building for GRM focal persons and
Officer (VC) and issued letters members of the Grievance Redress Integrity
of appointments including roles includes;
and responsibilities: They
include: • Oversee project implementation including
• Coordinator mitigation measures through contractors
• Deputy Coordinator • Ensure environmental compliance by the
• Other specialists include: environmental standards.
• Environments • Liaise with the DoE and the NEMC on matters
• Social involving the environment and all matters with
respect to which cooperation or shared
• Gender
responsibility is desirable or required.
• Infrastructure
• Oversee the preparation of and implementation
• Capacity building
of all ESIA‟s required for the project
• Curricula (2)
• Monitoring the implementation of HEET Project
• ICT (2) as per POM and PAD.
• Communication • Attend meetings and provide guidance in the bid
• Industrial linkage documents developed by PMU to ascertain that
• Procurement the different challenges identified and duly
• Finance covered from risk for each sub-project/activity
• Monitoring and Evaluation • The ESS Team also supports the procurement
officer in making sure that the bidding
The Environmentalist, Social documents clearly cover the health, safety and
sand Gender specialists, environmental component with appropriate
refereed to as ESS Team, are provisions of the same for the contractors to bid.
part of the PIU Team. • The ESS Team coordinates the preparation of
PIU Team has competence in ESIA and environmental and social management
53
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
performing the implementation plans (ESMPs) done by consultant and site-
of the project and ESIA duties specific ESMPs (SSESMP).
through ESS Team acquired • They ensure that contractors have an
both through learning and Environmental Health and Safety Officer (EHS),
practical experiences. is familiar with the compliance requirements,
including WB EHS guidelines.
PIU Members have attended • To review progress reports by the supervision
several capacity buildings engineer/consultant during civil works and
conducted by MoEST and WB conduct inspection of the sites regularly
• To make sure the Contractor complies with the
WB guidance on Community Health and Safety
and Gender-Based Violence
Design Consultants • Understand the sub-project setting and site-
specific requirements with discussions with the
PIU;
• Incorporate the issues identified in the ESIAs,
ESMPS into the project design
• Provide cost estimates for implementing the
design requirements.
Occupational Safety and • Perform hazard identification
Health issues
• Hazard assessment and management
• Risk assessment and management
• Emergency preparedness plan and Response
• Risks and crises management
• Stakeholder engagement and grievance
management, including in relation to the worker
grievance mechanism, for the social and
environmental staff.
Supervision • Assist the PIU to ensure that the necessary
Engineer/Consultant environmental, health and safety authorizations
and permits have been obtained;
• Maintain open and direct lines of
communication between the PIU and
contractor(s) with regard to environmental
matters;
• Review and approve the contractor’s site-
specific construction ESMPs (CESMP), Health
and Safety, Labour Management Plans and
Traffic Management Plans together with the
PIU; Conduct regular site inspections of all work
areas to ensure compliance with CESMPs and
E&S specifications for contractors Assist the
contractor in finding environmentally
responsible solutions to problems;
• Instruct the contractor(s) to take remedial actions
within a specified timeframe, and carry out
additional monitoring, if required, according to
the contractual requirements and procedures in
54
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
the event of non-compliances or complaints;
• Instruct the contractor(s) to stop activities which
generate adverse impacts, and/or when the
contractor(s) fails to implement the ESMP
requirements / remedial actions;
• Provide training to the contractor on the EHS
requirements to be followed;
• Monitor the contractor’s environmental
awareness training program for all
personnel
working onsite;
• In case of any accidents or incidents,
immediately notify the PIU and support the
process of documenting and reporting the case
to the WB;
• Prepare written reports for the PIU such as
weekly report of non-compliance
issues;
summary monthly report covering key issues
and findings from supervision activities; and
consolidated summary report from contractor’s
monthly report.
Contractor • Compliance with relevant environmental and
social legislative requirements (project-specific,
district- and national level), including allocating
adequate budget for implementation of these
requirements;
• Work within the scope of contractual
requirements and other tender conditions;
• Prepare CESMPs based on the ESMP in the
bidding documents and contracts;
• Train workers about EHS (including relevant
WBG EHS Guidelines) and the site- specific
environmental and social measures to be
followed;
• The EHS officer of the contractor will
participate in the joint site inspections with the
PIU and Environmental Supervision
Engineer/consultant;
• Carry out any corrective actions instructed by
the Supervision Engineer/consultant;
• In case of non-compliances/discrepancies, carry
out investigation and submit proposals on
mitigation measures, and implement remedial
measures to reduce environmental impact;
• Propose and carry out corrective actions in order
to minimize the environmental impacts;
• Send weekly reports of non-compliance to the
Supervision Engineer/consultant;
• Send monthly progress reports to the
Supervision Engineer/consultant.
55
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
3.8 Key players in implementing the ESMP
To ensure the sound development and effective implementation of the ESMP, it will be
necessary to identify and define the responsibilities and authority of the various persons and
organizations that will be involved in the project. The following entities will be involved in
the implementation of this ESMP:
i) The Ardhi University of Tanzania
ii) National Environmental Management Council (NEMC)
iii) Contractor;
3.8.1 ARU – Mwanza Campus
The proponent responsibility is to ensure that the implementation process of the ESMP and
Mitigation measures are line with the relevant national policies and legislations and World
Bank Environmental and Social Standard (ESS1). ARU has the Project implementation Team
(PIT) responsible for supervision and monitoring the implementation of the project
construction activities. The management of all project activities during operation is under the
PIT, in collaboration with other departments and units depending on the nature of the activity.
In general, the PIT falls under the management of the ARU executing day-to-day activities in
the project. The PIT is guided by management meetings that are chaired by the Deputy Vice
Chancellor. The management meetings provide support, guidance and oversight of the
progress of the PIT. Further, the PIT will designate among PIT staffs an Eenvironmental and
Social Safeguard Specialist(s) who will monitor the implementation during the construction
and operation phases of the project. The PIT team has enough staffs with capacity to
undertake the required monitoring and supervision roles to include Environmental and Social
specialists.
3.8.2 NEMC
NEMC is charged with the overall role of providing oversight regarding monitoring for all
project activities that have potential impacts on the environment. NEMC will undertake
periodic monitoring of the project during the mobilization, construction and operational
phases to ensure that the mitigation measures set out in chapter 8 of ESMP are fully
implemented. In respect to this project, NEMC has a specific role of monitoring and ensuring
that the mitigation measures are fully implemented as per certificate conditions (to be issued).
It will ensure that its Zonal staff are fully trained and equipped to perform its monitoring role.
It will review the results of any monitoring and Audit reports generated as part of the project
implementation phase and will issue directives based on the monitoring activities to ensure
full compliance with the mitigation measures required and address any issues that may arise.
3.8.3 The Contractor
The project will be implemented by a Contractor and will be responsible to ARU for
constructing the proposed project in accordance with the Technical Specifications required.
The Contractor shall implement the project entirely in accordance with the ESIA mitigation
measures detailed the ESMP. It is recommended that before commencement of actual
construction, the Contractor should submit a work site plan that complies with the national
environmental guidelines and an ESMP for the different phases of the work. The
56
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
environmental plan shall specify the location of sources of materials and disposal area of
construction debris as well as other related matters. The plan shall take into consideration the
mitigation measures proposed in this ESIA project report.
The Contractor shall nominate a Project Environmental Site Officer (ESO) and Project Social
Site Officer (SSO) who will be the Contractor’s focal point for all environmental and social
matters. The ESO and SSO will be routinely on-site for the duration of the construction
works. Both officers will have minimum of Bachelor Degree in their respective
specialization. The officers among others will be responsible for the following tasks:
i) Drafting environmental and social aspects during project implementation;
ii) Managing environmental, social, health and safety aspects at the worksites;
iii) Participating in the definition of the no working-areas;
iv) Recommending solutions for specific environmental and social problems;
v) Facilitating the creation of a liaison group with the stakeholders at the project site and
shall monitor the compliance of ESMP;
vi) Organizing consultations at critical stages of the project with the stakeholders and
interested parties;
vii) He/She will be required to liaise with ARU Safeguard specialist on the level of
compliance with the ESMP achieved by the contractor regularly for the duration of the
contract;
viii) Controlling and supervising the implementation of the ESMP;
ix) Preparing environmental and social progress or "audits" reports on the implementation
status of measures and management of site works.
3.9 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STANDARDS
There are 10 approved Environmental and Social Standards (ESS) to address environmental
and social issues within the Bank’s supported development projects. Thus, all projects under
World Bank financing must comply with Environmental and Social Standards (ESS) before is
cleared for implementation. Table 3.3 shows standards which will be applicable to the
construction of ARU new projects. In this section, the capacity of ARU in complying with
Environmental and Social Standards is assessed.
57
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table 3.3: Application of World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards to te proposed project
Environmental Applicab Requirements
and Social ility
Standard(ESS)
ESS1:Assessment YES The types of E&S risk and impacts that should be considered in the environmental and social
and Management of assessment. The use and strengthening of the Borrower’s environmental and social framework for the
Environmental and assessment, development and implementation of World Bank financed projects where appropriate.
Social Risks and
Impacts
ESS2: Labor and YES Requirement for the Borrower to prepare and adopt labor management procedures. Provisions on the
Working treatment of direct, contracted, community, and primary supply workers, and government civil
Conditions servants. Requirements on terms and conditions of work, non-discrimination and equal opportunity
and workers organizations. Provisions on child labor and forced labor. Requirements on occupational
health and safety, in keeping with the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health, and Safety
Guidelines (EHSG).
ESS3: Resource YES Requires an estimate of gross greenhouse gas emissions resulting from project (unless minor), where
Efficiency and technically and financially feasible. Requirements on management of wastes, chemical and hazardous
Pollution materials, and contains provisions to address historical pollution. ESS3 refers to national law and
Prevention and Good International Industry Practice, in the first instance the World Bank Groups’ EHSGs.
Management
ESS4:Community YES Requirements on infrastructure, taking into account safety and climate change, and applying the
Health and Safety concept of universal access, where technically and financially feasible. Requirements on traffic and
road safety, including road safety assessments and monitoring. Addresses risks arising from impacts
on provisioning and regulating ecosystem service. Measures to avoid or minimize the risk of water
related, communicable, and non- communicable diseases. Requirements to assess risks associated
with security personnel, and review and report unlawful and abusive acts to relevant authorities.
ESS5:Land YES ARU through Sengerema district council has offered affected persons compensation at replacement
Acquisition, cost, and other assistance as may be necessary to help them improve or at least restore their standards
58
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Restrictions on of living or livelihoods following the fact that, despite acquisition of land from Sengerema District
Land Use and Council but the same were acquired from the local communities before
Involuntary
Resettlement
ESS6:Biodiversity NO The project is not located inside or near protected areas and sensitive habitats. In case the project will
Conservation and purchase natural resources commodities such as timber, it will be important to establish the source
Sustainable area and to have a mechanism in place to ensure that the Primary Suppliers are not significantly
Management of impacting sensitive ecosystem or degrading natural habitats. Thus, there is no identified specie with
Living Natural significance conservation status (i.e. threated or endangered as per IUCN guidelines/CITES List) in
Resources the area.
ESS7:Indigenous NO This standard is not considered relevant as the project will mainly be implemented in areas where
Peoples/Sub- communities that meet the requirements of ESS7 are generally not available in the area.
Saharan African
Historically
Underserved
Traditional Local
Communities
ESS8:Cultural NO This ESS is not relevant as the project area has already being developed and there is existing ARU
Heritage building
ESS9:Financial NO This ESS is not relevant to the project.
Intermediaries (FIs)
ESS10:Stakeholder YES Requires stakeholder engagement throughout the project life cycle, and preparation and
Engagement and implementation of a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP). Requires early identification of
Information stakeholders, both project-affected parties and other interested parties, and clarification on how
Disclosure effective engagement takes place. Stakeholder engagement to be conducted in a manner proportionate
to the nature, scale, risks and impacts of the project, and appropriate to stakeholders’ interests.
Specifies what is required for information disclosure and to achieve meaningful consultation.
59
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
3.9.1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and
Impacts (ESS1)
This Environmental and Social Standard is applicable to this project due to its potential
adverse social and environmental risks and impacts on site and in the areas of influence.
These include impacts on natural environment such as air, water, land, human health and
safety. Thus, ARU shall analyze project activities and associated environmental and social
risks and impacts during construction and operation phase.
The project has prepared an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). Therefore,
the project components have been screened to determine potential adverse impacts and
mitigation measures for their planned activities. According to social relation that has started
to develop between ARU and the nearby community of Karumo and Kamanga, the social
services like playing grounds, churches, mosques and accommodation facilities within and
outside the campus to be built ARU can be pressurized due to the increased s tudents’
enrolment. Thus, the current social services provision at the nearby communities needs to be
rechecked to prevent pressure on local accommodation and rents.
3.9.2 Labor and Working Conditions (ESS2)
The standard recognizes the importance of employment creation and income generation in the
pursuit of poverty reduction and inclusive economic growth. ESS2 is applicable to the project
given that the project will employ/engage both skilled and non-skilled workers, including
through contractors/subcontractors, and primary suppliers, to undertake various activities. In
order to comply with the provisions of ESS2, ARU will take worker safety seriously by
laying out internal controls and procedures that will protect workers employed or engaged in
relation to the project from occupational hazards during all relevant project phases. All works
will be done in compliance with relevant environmental and health and safety standards to
minimize impact on workers as well as the local area and citizens. The ESIA contains robust
procedures for worker safety, requiring plans for accident prevention as well for health and
safety of workers and communities, which are also part of contracts for civil works.
ARU will ensure that the project contractors and sub-contractors operate under policy-led
objectives that promote gender equality, non-discrimination and fair treatment in recruitment
and employment, respect for national labor laws, including prohibiting child and forced labor,
and combatting gender-based violence, in particular sexual harassment.
Contractors/subcontractors, primary suppliers and sub-contractors shall ensure equal
employment opportunity and not discriminate anyone based on color, nationality, tribe, social
origin, political opinion, religion, gender, pregnancy, marital status/family responsibility,
disability, HIV/AIDS, age or station of life, sexual orientation, or union membership.
ARU will ensure that workplace sexual harassment of any nature by workers directly hired or
project workers engaged through contracts/subcontracts companies shall be prohibited, and
those determined to be guilty will be subject to disciplinary action, including summary
dismissal.
60
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
3.9.3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management (ESS3)
This ESS sets out the requirements to address resource efficiency and pollution prevention
and management throughout the project lifecycle. In order to ensure efficient use of
resources, ARU projects will source construction materials from government authorized
sources and water from DAWASA throughout the project implementation. ARU has a total
area of 79.78Ha (797,800m2) but the developed area consists of 12.8% of the total area. The
proposed new buildings are expected to utilize a maximum of 7.8% of the total plot size. This
implies that the big portion (79.4%) of the Ardhi University is covered by green spaces. The
amount of tons of CO2 generated per year from main sources like cafeteria, vehicles and
generator will be sequestered by the available green spaces. Moreover, the project will utilize
the pollution prevention and emergency response plan drafted as part of the ESIA to mitigate
any potential source of pollution from the planned activities. The risks identified for
strengthening the system for complying with ESS1 are applicable to ESS3.
3.9.4 Community Health and Safety (ESS4)
The ESS requires beneficiary to avoid or minimize safety and health risks and impacts of the
project, with particular attention to people who, because of their particular circumstances,
may be vulnerable. Implementation of project components has the health and safety risks and
impacts on project-affected communities. These risks and impacts could include increased
rates of crime, and social conflict and violence, increases in traffic accidents, increased
pressure on local accommodation and rents, increased transmission of HIV/STDS, as well as
increases in gender-based violence. The project will ensure compliance with national law
requirements regarding the COVID-19 situation. ARU shall work closely with street leaders
to communicate to local communities’ related health and safety risks and preventive
measures for accidents associated transportation of materials and other human health issues
including covering mitigation measures to GBV risks and prevention of HIV and AIDS
during construction.
All works will be done in compliance with relevant environmental and health and safety
standards to minimize impact on workers and the local area. During the project’s operational
phase, waste will be disposed as per instructions from the Sengerama District Council
Environmental offices.
In order to ensure safety during project implementation, ARU will ensure that contractors and
sub-contractors enclose all project sites in fencing for safety and security reasons. Where
required, adequate safety clearance zones can be established on sites where neighbouring
activities may affect project operation. Appropriate H&S signage shall be put in place to
warn potential dangers associated with trespassing or accessing the enclosure with no
supervision. The ESIA process shall contain robust procedures for accident prevention as
well for health and safety of project affected communities.
3.9.5. Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement (ESS5)
ARU through Sengerema district council has offered affected persons compensation at
replacement cost, and other assistance as may be necessary to help them improve or at least
61
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
restore their standards of living or livelihoods following the fact that, despite acquisition of
land from Sengerema District Council but the same were acquired from the local
communities before the existence of the project. However, ARU will develop grievances
redress mechanism to take on board all complaints emanating from the communities around
the campus including those connected with compensation and or both negative and positive
impacts of the project.
3.9.6 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure (ESS10)
Effective stakeholder engagement improves the environmental and social sustainability of
projects, enhance project acceptance, and make a significant contribution to successful
project design and implementation. The proposed project has engaged stakeholders as per
SEP developed for HEET project. The engagement will cover all phases of the project.
Implementing agencies will provide stakeholders with timely, relevant, understandable and
accessible information, and consult with them in a culturally appropriate manner, which is
free of manipulation, interference, coercion, discrimination and intimidation. See chapter five
for comprehensive Stakeholders Engagement Plan for this project
3.10 WORLD BANK GROUP EHS GUIDELINES
The World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines ("EHS Guidelines")
are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good
International Industry Practice (GIIP) and contain the performance levels and measures that
are normally acceptable to the World Bank Group, and that are generally considered to be
achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs by existing technology. The World Bank
Group requires borrowers/clients to apply the relevant levels or measures of the EHS
Guidelines. In cases when host country regulations differ from the levels and measures
presented in the EHS Guidelines, projects will be required to achieve whichever is more
stringent.
The General EHS Guidelines contain information on cross-cutting environmental, health, and
safety issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. The EHS guidelines are living
documents and are occasionally updated. These documents (EHS guidelines) can be accessed
through https://www.worldbank.org/en/search?q=health+and+safety+guidelines. This ESIA
recommends the proposed construction of ARDHI University Mwanza Campus to apply
these guidelines to ensure all issues regarding environmental, occupational health and safety
(OHS) and community health and safety (CHS) requirements are incorporated into the project
design and during implementation phases. The links to these guidelines are indicated in Table
3.4.
Table 3.4: Environment, OHS, CHS and Construction and Decommissioning Guidelines
Guideline Link
Environmen https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corpo
t Guidelines rate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/policies-standards/ehs-guidelines
Occupation https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/1d19c1ab-3ef8-42d4-bd6b-
62
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
health and cb79648af3fe/2%2BOccupational%2BHealth%2Band%2BSafety.pdf?MOD
safety =AJPERES&CVID=nPtgxyx
guidelines
Community https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/eeb82b4a-e9a8-4ad1-9472-
health and f1c766eb67c8/3%2BCommunity%2BHealth%2Band%2BSafety.pdf?MOD=
safety AJPERES&CVID=nPtgxTd
guidelines
Constructio https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/7d708218-2a9e-4fcc-879d-
n and 9d5051746e7d/4%2BConstruction%2Band%2BDecommissioning.pdf?MOD
decommissi =AJPERES&CVID=nPtgy6x
oning
63
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER FOUR
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS
4.1 Introduction
This chapter provides the baseline environmental condition of the project area that makes a
reference frame to mark out the potential environmental impacts that might arise during
implementing the proposed project. The affected environment includes the social, economic
and biophysical environment that could be affected by, or could affect the project.
4.2 Physical Characteristics
4.2.1 Climate
Changes in the local climatic conditions have potential to affect the nature and location of
project and infrastructure. Thus it is important to assess the baseline climatic condition, and
design projects with knowledge on the climate. Sengerema District is located in the northern
Tanzania, on the southern shore of lake Victoria, at an altitude of 1,100 meters. The Climate
of Sengerema is subtropical tempered by altitude and with a dry season from June to
September. Climatic elements described here include rainfall, temperature, wind, solar
radiation (sunlight/ultraviolet) and humidity. Climatic analysis detects better decision-making
processes in master planning and development proposals.
The nature of the proposed project is perceived as one with minimal impact on the local
climate. There are a few activities that may produce emissions with potential to affect the
local climate, including clearance of vegetation on site, emissions from construction
equipment and trucks; and emissions from standby generators. The management options for
these emissions shall be provided in detail in the ESMP.
Temperature
The temperature at Nyamatongo ward, Karumo village, where the campus is located, does not
differ from the temperature of Sengerema District. The area experiences both low and high
temperate periods. In the hottest month, the average temperature ranges from 210C to 230C
(Sengerema District, 2017). The monthly mean temperature range varies from 3.9 0C to 5.6
0
C. Table 4.1 presents the mean monthly temperature distribution for the Sengerema District.
Table 4.1: Mean Monthly Temperature (°C) Distribution in Sengerema District
Monthly Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean
Temperature
Mean max. 24.9 25.9 25.6 25.2 25.6 25.6 25.3 25.3 25.4 24.9 24.2 24.3 25.18
Mean min. 20.7 21.3 21.2 20.8 20.9 20.3 19.7 20.2 20.6 20.7 20.5 20.4 20.61
Mean range 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.7 5.3 5.6 5.1 4.8 4.2 3.7 3.9 4.57
Source: en.climate-data.org/Africa/mwanza/mwanza-3111
The proposed developments at the site, have potential to cause changed in to the local mean
temperature. Clearance of local vegetation and the establishment of paved area may increase
the local temperature. Pavements absorb and store solar radiation, leading to a further
increase in the surface temperatures. This phenomenon is known as the urban heat island
(UHI) effect. Large quantities of solar radiation are absorbed by these materials during the
day and released during the night time.
64
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Sunlight or ultraviolet
Sengerema District experiences UVI ranging from 11 to 14. High UVI predominates the area
in September, October, November, December, January, February and March compared to
other months of the year. The area, part of the Mwanza region, receives the highest solar
power of approximately 1200W/mm2, while the lowest solar power received in the area is
450W/mm2 in September and October (available at: weatheronline.co.ck). According to a
World Bank report on Solar Irradiation in Tanzania (WB, 2017), Mwanza Region has the
following attributes, presented in Table 4.2. A comparison is made with other regions in
Tanzania.
Table 4.2: A comparison of sun hours, solar production and insolation for some regions
SN Minimum available
Sunhours Solar Production
Region insolation in 3-day period
(kWh/m2/day) (kWh/kWp/year)
(worst month)
1 Dar es Salaam 5.5 / 5.2 1550 8.8% (mar)
2 Mwanza 5.9 / 5.4 1700 25.6% (oct)
3 Arusha 5.3 / 5.6 1580 32.3% (jun)
4 Dodoma 6.3 / 6.1 1800 40.7% (dec)
5 Mbeya 5.7 / 6.1 1770 43.9% (dec)
6 Morogoro 5.1 / 5.3 1510 29.3% (feb)
7 Tanga 5.7 / 5.6 1620 19.6% (apr)
8 Kahama 6.0 / 5.6 1720 33.1% (oct)
9 Tabora 6.2 / 6.0 1770 36.7% (oct)
10 Stonetown 5.6 / 5.2 1580 23.5% (feb)
(Zanzibar)
Source: The World Bank (2017).
As presented in Table 4.2, Mwanza region is one of the areas with high solar production, at
1700 (kWh/kWp/year). This information is important when considering the potential for
installation of solar panel at the proposed Sengerema Campus. Also, the design of structures
and buildings for the campus has considered a design. The design of the campus has
provided for solar lights along the pathways, open spaces and parking areas.
Rainfall
The proposed site in Sengerema is considered to be one of the areas with high rainfall among
the Lake regions of Tanzania (Sengerema District, 2017). The district receives short and long
rains. The short rain season occurs between October and December, and the long rain season
last between February and May. The average annual rainfall for Sengerema District ranges
from 900mm to 1200mm per year (Sengerema District, 2017).
Sengerema rainfall data were used in the design process of the proposed ARU campus
structures. Rain water harvesting and storm water management facilities have been provide
to manage excess rainfall, to avoid flooding and water ponding in the area, and its
surrounding.
Humidity
Sengerema District experiences relatively high humidity, averaging 68.83% daily. The
overall minimum humidity condition in Sengerema is around 64.08%, and the maximum
humidity is 73.5%. The maximum humidity is experienced in April and May, while the
lowest is in February. The same conditions are expected for the ARU Mwanza campus. The
daily relative humidity varies from 45% to 90%; the highest daily humidity is experienced in
January and February, whereas the lowest is in July and August. The monthly relative
humidity in Mwanza Region is presented in Table 4.3
65
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Research indicate that, high humidity in the air has impacts on concrete structures in two
common ways:
▪ Decreased strength: When relative humidity levels increase, the compressive strength
of concrete decreases, affecting its durability.
▪ Microbial growth: Moisture creates the ideal conditions for the growth of mold,
mildew, and bacteria. When mold and bacteria grow and reproduce within the
concrete, they affect its strength. At the same time, the organisms may affect the
health of the individuals within the affected buildings.
The design of the Sengerema Campus has considered the high humidity condition of the area
by adopting whether resistant construction materials such as water proof roof (concrete
slabs) & Aluzinc sein coated iron sheets, and even water proof for wall paints.
Table 4.3: Mean Monthly Relative Humidity Distribution in Mwanza Region
Mean RH (%) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean
Mean max am 70 69 74 77 77 75 74 73 72 72 74 76 73.5
Mean min pm 62 55 60 70 70 69 64 62 60 60 64 73 64.08
Average 66 62 67 73.5 73.5 72 69 67.5 66 66 69 74.5 68.83
Source: en.climate-data.org/Africa/mwanza/mwanza-3111
Climate Change
▪ Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions in Tanzania
Countries are struggling to reduce GHGs emissions, in line with the Kyoto Protocol.
However, due to increase in urbanisation and industrialisation, GHGs emissions continue to
increase and many countries have not taken adequate measures to reduce emissions in line
with scientific findings and recommendations of the Protocol and related climate discussion
(NCCS, 2012). Tanzania has ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol in 1996 and 2002 respectively and has
participated in the annual Conference of the Parties (CoP). The outcomes of these CoP
meetings include decisions to put in place national policies, strategies and programmes to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and respond to the impacts of climate change (TNCCFA,
2013). The national estimates indicate that, Tanzania has negligible emissions levels of
GHGs in terms of total and per capita whereby per capita emissions are estimated at 0.2
tCO2e (NCCSR, 2019). The principal source of GHGs emissions in Tanzania is the Land
Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). Emissions from the LULUCF sector
contribute about two-thirds of overall emission levels in Tanzania (NCCSR, 2019). However,
although the proposed project fall under LULUCF, the campus land use plan indicate that
more than 44.2% of the total land will be not undergo land use change, but rather be better
maintained. Other sectors which contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in the country are
Agriculture, Energy, Waste and Industrial Process and Product Use.
According to the National Climate Change Statistics Report (NCCSR, 2019), evidences of
climate change in recent periods are observed. The mean monthly maximum temperatures
(28.5 °C) for the short period (2012 - 2018) are slightly higher than the long term monthly
means for 1981-2010 recorded at 28.2 °C which indicates an increasing pattern of
temperature over the same shorter period. The data also indicate increased trends of
precipitation in recent period. The monthly average rainfall (85.4 mm) observed for the short
period of 2012 - 2018 is slightly higher than the monthly average rainfall (83.3 mm) recorded
for the long term period, 1981-2010. In addition, there is a gradual rise of mean sea level
from 1,992 mm in 2000 to 2,115 mm in 2019.
66
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
▪ Potential Impacts of Climate Change
Climate change is now recognized to have a significant impact on disaster management
efforts in Tanzania and pose a significant threat to the efforts to meet the growing needs of
the most vulnerable populations (NCCSR, 2019). Climate change is a cross cutting issue
affecting a number of sectors including forestry, agriculture, water, lands, energy,
infrastructure and others. Anticipated impacts of climate changes are basically on the energy
sector, transport sector, and water and sanitation sectors and on trade.
4.2.2 Existing land use
The proposed land use plan generally makes provisions for various land use components
namely: academic functions (28.2ha), administrative facilities (2.1 ha), students support
facilities (12.3ha), sports facilities (4.1ha), Science park (1ha), community facilities (3ha),
staff housing (4.1ha) waste treatment facilities (2.5 ha), main roads (7.1), environmental
conservation areas (in steep slopes and valleys) (10.5ha) and investment zone (5ha).The
proposed project will be implemented as per land use planning stipulated in ARU master plan
2018-2038.
4.2.3 Existing land cover
The proposed project area is characterized by various features including; normal residential
buildings, small farms, grazing areas, shallow wells as sources of water and some abandoned
sanitary facilities. More features are concentrated in the Eastern part of the area stretching
through the Northern direction. However, the large portion of the project site is covered by
different species of trees and grasses. Both natural trees like misambwa, mkoma, mvuyo,
mfuku and acacia where the artificial trees includes; mango trees, eucalyptus and guava.
Also, the area has existing road traversing the area from Kamanga to Karumo, access routes
from the Southern part to North-West part while other access route emerges from the Sothern
exit part of the project area to the North East part of the site, not only that there is electricity
infrastructure passing through the area along Kamanga-Karumo road and the large part is
thick shrubs which cover the North East part (the hilly area). The implementation of the
project (ARU Mwanza Campus) entails the clearance of natural vegetation and distortion of
the land cover for some portions of the project site due excavations and leveling of the areas
for setting out buildings.
4.2.4 Topography
ARU Mwanza campus is characterized by gently and undulating surface with disconnected
valleys, hills, relatively flat areas and sloppy areas as indicated on the digital elevation model
(Figure 4.2). Administratively, it is located within the highlands of Sengerema District, which
lies from 900m to 1300m above sea level. Both high- and low-land areas characterize the site.
The lowest part at the project area is 1140m amsl, while the highest is 1175m amsl as
recorded from the topographic survey of the area. The highland parts of the project site are
both North-East and North –West parts of the area. The Southern part of the project site has
medium elevations. The current built up area is situated on an undulated area towards the
hilly part of the site. The topography at ARU Mwanza campus portrays the potential for
natural storm water drainage and rain water harvest systems. Infrastructure design may
consider to utilize this potential while conserving the environment at the campus. In addition,
the presence of valleys imply that storm water produced at the University will flow towards
lowland valleys. They may also guide the design of water retention ponds, storm water
drainage and choice of location to set up waste water treatment plants.
67
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
4.2.5 Soils
The surface soil of the proposed site is characterized by sandy soils derived from granite, red
loamy derived from limestone, and black clay soils. The soil characteristics based on Lead,
Copper, and Chromium tends to vary in levels from one point to another. The site is partly
surrounded by rocky hill to the eastern side. According to Geotechnical study the subsurface
soil is characterized by dry, loose, light brown silty sand with some organic content at a depth
of 0-0.3m. The moist, loose to medium dense, light reddish brown silty sand at the depth of
0.3m to 1.0m. From 1.0 – 1.9 m, the soil is a moist, very stiff, Greyish brown sandy silty clay
with some gravel. At the depth between 3.0 to 3.5 m, a moist, very stiff, whitish yellowish
brown gravely silty clay layer. Generally, the geotechnical study has affirmed that the site is
suitable for construction of the proposed building blocks as the soil has the required strength
to bear the buildings’ load. However, the undercut or stabilization may be required to
achieve the same.
4.2.6 Soil erosion potential
Physical observation revealed that soil erosion was evident in the Western part of the
proposed site. This is attributed by sand mining activities conducted by village community.
The major type of soil erosion observed at the site is rill erosion as small channels were
observed. The construction of the proposed buildings shall increase storm water volume. It is
probable that the slopes and the erosion will continue to grow, and multiple rill erosions may
merge into one very wide valley which will hamper the other land development activities at
the campus. This implies that the effective soil conservation measures and proper storm
water management methods are needed during project implementation.
4.2.7 Hydrological characteristics of Ardhi Mwanza campus
The Campus site, as it is for the whole Sengerema District, is located within the Lake
Victoria basin, which defines the catchment of Lake Victoria. The Chamihigwa seasonal
stream collects surface runoff from the site to the Lake. The quality of water collected from
three sampling locations shows that water has high turbidity, Amonia Nitrate and colour
above TZS standards. The highest levels were found in the sample collected from the pond
followed by Stream and lake. This is due to high organic matter from the proposed site. The
primary runoff flow during the rainy season moves from South East to North West of the site.
The wet zone of the campus site is between contours 1140m and 1150m amsl. This implies
that 1650.sqm area of the site is water lodged during the rainy season which needs to be
controlled by good drainage design. The construction of the building structures at the campus
contributes to impervious surfaces leading to higher generation of surface runoff that need
more attention in their management.
4.2.8 Air Quality
Through literature review, the team was able to establish online published ambient Air
Quality Index (AQI) for Mwanza Region. Data on current air quality conditions in
Mwanza with information on the main pollutants and the levels of each of them. The data is
shown using the standard established by the EPA Environmental Protection Agency. Based
on the figure, the forecasted AQI is perceived as unhealthy for sensitive groups (i.e. children
and adults performing physical activities and people with respiratory diseases. This group is
recommended to avoid excessive and prolonged physical exertion outdoors. However, the
risk is only high for PM2.5. Monitoring data reports a PM2.5 concentration in Mwanza to be
2.6 times the WHO annual air quality guideline value.
With regard to the rest of the listed pollutants, the quality of air was to be good (air pollution
poses little or no risk). However, higher ambient concentrations could be measured in
68
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
ambient air around specific emission sources i.e. industrial areas, and waste disposal area.
Specific baseline air quality data were established through physical measurements at the
ARU Mwanza Campus site, in seven (7) locations shown in Table 4.4.
Ambient Dust Levels
Results of dust particulate measurements are presented in Table 4.4. The average measured
ambient concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 ranged between (7.7 - 15.5) μg/m3 and (10.7 -
22.1)μg/m3, respectively, both below the Tanzania and the WHO standards.
Table 4.4: The recorded PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations
Location Site and GPS Coordinates Dust µg/m3 (for 15mins)
PM2.5 PM10
Village area (northern side) Latitude: -2.51068 9.7 13.6
Longitude: 32.80865
Village area (eastern side) Latitude: -2.52019 9.8 14.1
Longitude:32.81650
Secondary school (southern Latitude: -2.52129 8.9 13.1
side) Longitude:32.81682
Village area western side) Latitude: -2.52067 15.5 22.1
Longitude:32.80720
Within the campus site Latitude: -2.51997 7.7 10.7
Longitude:32.81173
Within the campus site Latitude: -2.52019 25.8 19.5
Longitude:32.81650
Within the campus site Latitude: -2.52053 20.2 15.2
Longitude:32.86710
Local standard: TZS 837 Parts 1, 2 and 3 (EMR , 2007) [µg/Nm 3] n.m 60-90
International Standard WHO: [2005] 50
[µg/Nm3] 25
IFC Guidelines and National Environmental Standards Compendium General Tolerance
Limits for Environmental Noise(1) of 55 dB(A
Source: Site measurements, 23rd September 2022
Ambient Gaseous Pollutants levels
The fugitive sources of pollutants includes at the site are cars and motorcycles incidentally
traversing the site (via the Karumo road), and probably smoke from nearby cooking stoves.
Ambient air quality was measured in terms of concentrations of NOx HS, SO2, CH4 and CO2.
With were below detectable limits. The percentage concentration of CH4 varied between (2-
3)%, probably emitted by natural sources such as animals and decomposition of organic
matter. These results is an indication of the good air quality at the site, which had no any
visible sources of air pollution. The main Noise receptors would be the adjacent residential
area. However, the closest residential in the adjacent the Kamanga and Karumo village
Centre, including the Nyamatongo secondary school, which boarders the site.
Relevant meteorological conditions
Relevant meteorological conditions were also measured on site, to assist in air quality data
analysis. These include:
Weather Clear day
Mean Temperature 270C
Humidity 46%
Wind 9.9. km/h
Pressure 1008 mbar
69
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
4.2.9 Noise Levels
There are no human activities with potential for noise generation at the proposed site. The
main source of noise is from motorcycles using the Karumo road, transecting the site. The
road is passable throughout the year. Recorded noise levels are basically form wind, birds and
animals grazing at the site. Noise level at the site ranged from 40-47 dBA. This is in
comparison to the IFC Guidelines and National Environmental Standards Compendium
General Tolerance Limits for Environmental Noise (1) of 55 dB(A) for the day, set for mixed
residential land use. The main Noise receptors would be the adjacent residential area.
However, the closest residential in the adjacent the Kamanga and Karumo village Centre,
including the Nyamatongo secondary school, which boarders the site (Table 4.5).
Table 4.5: Thenoise levels
Location Site and GPS Coordinates Average Noise
dBA
Village area (northern side) Latitude: -2.51068 43.4
Longitude: 32.80865
Village area (eastern side) Latitude: -2.52019 41.3
Longitude:32.81650
Secondary school (southern side) Latitude: -2.52129 47.0
Longitude:32.81682
Village area western side) Latitude: -2.52067 47.1
Longitude:32.80720
Within the campus site Latitude: -2.51997 46.3
Longitude:32.81173
Within the campus site Latitude: -2.52019 47.2
Longitude:32.81650
Within the campus site Latitude: -2.52053 40.1
Longitude:32.86710
Local standard: TZS 837 Parts 1, 2 and 3 (EMR , 2007) [µg/Nm 3]
International Standard WHO: [2005]
[µg/Nm3]
IFC Guidelines and National Environmental Standards Compendium 45
General Tolerance Limits for Environmental Noise(1) of 55 dB(A
Source: Site measurements, 23rd September 2022
4.2.10 Potential natural disasters risks
The proposed project is at risk of climate change and climate variability risks. The rainfall
trends at Mwanza where the project is going to be implemented has been erratic for the past
decades leading to food insecurity and loss of natural springs. On the other hand, there is
evidence of the decline of environmental resources around the project area routed by climate
change and increase of human pressure on natural resources. The proposed project shall
attract more people in the project area which my compromise water and food availability.
The location of the proposed site is influenced by Lake Victoria water level fluctuations. The
rise of Lake Victoria water level due to rainfall and other natural factors not yet known has
been leading to outflow and flood occurrences in the middle part of the proposed site. The
proposed project shall increase the water level due to generation of storm water flowing
towards the middle part of the site hence intensifying the flood occurrences.
4.3 Biological Characteristics
Data from satellite image show that green space which includes plants at ARU-Mwanza
campus covers about 1,630,508 square meters, grey surface (Roads-unpaved and buildings)
covers about 23,811 square meters and blue pace (shallow wells) has a coverage area of
70
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
2,491 square meters. The estimated areas include the existing roads and their reserved areas.
The project area has no native large animals, only domestic animals from nearby
communities coming for grazing and drinking water were observed. The description of
vegetation characteristics of the project area is provided in the subsequent section.
4.3.1 Type of habitat
The type of habitat exist at ARU-Mwanza Campus is modified habitat based on the IFC
Performance standard 6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living
Natural Resources (2012). Most of its area has pad fields which indicated that the area prior
to be owned by Ardhi University was used for agricultural activities implying that its natural
state has been altered. This was also testified by the individuals living near by the site during
the consultation meeting to use the same land for production of pads, cassava, sweet potatoes
and maize. In addition, its large area consists of grasses and it also it has exotic species. Also,
according to Hamilton (1989), based on the botanical assessment conducted most species
found are the species grows better in lowlands or submontame (Species occurring at altitudes
of between 800 and 1,800 above sea level).
4.3.2 The Flora
The botanical survey found that, the vegetation types of the project site are composed of 22
species with high diversity plant species of different life forms including climbers, herb,
grass, shrubs and trees (Table 4.6). The area is dominated by trees species which account for
43% of the vegetation types found in the proposed construction area, followed by shrubs
(29%), herbs (14), grass (10%) and climber which accounts for 5% as indicated in Figure 4.7.
Though the results showed that the area has two types of grasses but their coverage in terms
of land space is larger compared to other species. These grasses are scattered throughout the
site.
Table 4.6: Types of vegetation types identified in the proposed construction areas
S/N Vegetation Botanical Name
type
1. Shrubs Senna singueana,Lippia ukambesis,Lantana auleata,Psidium
guajava,Lantana camara, Grewia bicolar
2. Herbs Ocimum Basilicum,Agave sisalan, Hoslundia opposita,
3. Trees Ormocarpum trichocarpu, Eucalyptus globulu, Acacia robusta,Ficus
sycomorus,Euphorbia candelabru,Euphorbia tirucalli,Mangifera
indica,Acasia nilotica,Acrocarpus fraxinifolius
4. Climbers Cissus rotundifilia
5. Grass Digitaria Sanguinali and Cynodon dactylon
4.3.3 Vegetation categories in the study area
Vegetation is an integrator of environmental factors in that it reflects the climatic, physiographic,
seraphic and biotic features pertaining to the land on which it grows. An understanding of the
vegetation and plants of an area can therefore give good insights into the agricultural or
biological potential of that area. Some land uses also depend directly on the vegetation resource
and in this case an inventory of vegetation is obviously of great importance. In the project area, a
total of three main vegetation categories have been classified, namely; Woodland, Thicket
woodland and open bush land.
Woodland
This vegetation category is characterized by trees and herbs, and it was found in the area
where estate and warehouse, and multipurpose hall are proposed to be constructed. The area
had more than 200 Eucalyptus globule trees which are exotic to the site integrated with
71
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Agave sisalana. The Eucalyptus globule trees and Agave sisalan plants were planted by local
community in their farmland for the production of timber and sisal fibers, as a demarcation to
indicate the boundaries between farm lands.
Thicket woodland
This vegetation type is characterised by an assemblage of lower bushes with emergent trees
and shrubs, and also patches of grasses. This has been observed in the area where
administration block, departmental building, student hostels, and staff houses are proposed to
be constructed. Common shrubs and trees include Ficus sycomorus, Psidium guajava, Acasia
nilotica, Senna singueana, Lantana camara, Lantana auleata and others. This vegetation
type supports the lives of the IUCN least concerned plant species.
Grassland with or scattered trees
This vegetation category is being dominated with grasses with scattered tree and bare land
and it covers more than 50% of the vegetation areas. This type was observed where the
cafeteria, classrooms, playground, student centre and botanical zone are proposed to be
developed. Dominant trees observed were Eucalyptus globulus, Mangifera indica and Acacia
nilotica. The patches of grassland are dominated with the grass species of Digitaria
Sanguinalis and Cynodon dactylon.
4.3.4 List of exotic and endemic species
The database of LEAP Master-1996 was used to screen for endemic plant species occurring
within the project area while the list provided by NAFORMA assisted to identify non-native
species (exotic). Most of the species identified are native (76%) the rest are exotic species
(24%) while no endemic and near endemic species were identified at the site. The exotic
species include Agave sisalana, Eucalyptus globulus, Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica,
Mangifera indica, and Acrocarpus fraxinifolius. These species were also scattered within the
site as it was seen and reported by the local community that they were planted by local
themselves who owned the farmlands within the site prior to ARU.
4.3.5 List of IUCN Threatened Plant Species Categories and CITES identified in the
area
The IUCN Red list of Threatened Species is recognized as the most comprehensive, objective
global approach for evaluating the conservation status of plant and animal species. In the
proposed sites, no species were recognized to be identified in the IUCN Red list as
endangered (0%), vulnerable (0%) and near threatened (0%) species, the rest are of least
concern (33%), or lack data (5%) and non-evaluated (62%) species. The specie which lacks
data identified at the site was Mangifera indica. The species of least concern identified are
Acacia robusta, Ormocarpum trichocarpum, Acacia nilotica, Senna singueana, Eucalyptus
globulus, Ficus sycomorus, Euphorbia candelabrum, and Euphorbia tirucalli. These species
are scattered through the constructed site, but since they follow under least concerned IUCN
red list categories, they do not need special treatment or handling of the same during
construction. No specie has been identified to be included under CITES list (Figure 4.1).
72
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Figure 4.1: Categorization of identified species according to IUCN Red list
4.3.6 Animals
The animals observed during assessment are not included on ether the CITES or the IUCN
red list. Most of the animals discovered at the site are domestic animals from nearby
community or surrounding residential areas. They usually come to the site for grazing since
the site has adequate grasses and shallow wells for feeding and drinking water respectively.
These animals include goats, cows, dogs, chicken, birds and others. It was also anticipated
that since the site was used for agriculture prior to be owned by Ardhi University and had
planted species, it might also provide habitats for different species of microbes for nutrient
cycling and also the decomposition of organic materials though the laboratory analysis was
not conducted.
4.3.7 Ecosystem and Ecosystem services
The ARU- Mwanza campus site ecosystem provides services (benefits important to human)
which have environmental, ecological, social and economic value. The site has been covered
by the built environment, vegetation and several artificial water ponds, resulting from sand
mining activities. These features provide about 18 ecological services to the community.
Table 4.6 shows ecosystem services provided by ARU-Mwanza campus site as per the
approach developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. From Table 4.7, it can be
realized that ARU-Mwanza Campus site ecosystem provides useful products (provisioning
services), regulation services, non-material benefits (cultural services) and supporting
services (services necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services). The benefits
provided by the site extend from local to regional and global level. The proposed project will
be localised to prevent excessive site clearance.
73
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table 4.7: Main Ecosystem types and their services
Ecosystem services Spatial benefits Example of species
1. Water L R All and existing shallow wells
2. Fuel L Ormocarpum trichocarpum, Senna singueana, Acacia robusta, Lippia
ukambesis , Acasia nilotica, and Grewia bicolar
3. Natural medicines L R Cissus rotundifilia, Ocimum Basilicum, Digitaria Sanguinalis, Cynodon
dactylon, Senna singueana, Hoslundia opposite, Euphorbia candelabrum,
Provisioning
Lippia ukambesis, Lantana auleata, Euphorbia tirucalli, Psidium guajava
and others
4. Fruts L Mangifera Indica, Senna singueana, Ficus sycomorus, Psidium guajava,
Grewia bicolar and others
5. Fodder Ormocarpum trichocarpum,
6. Fiber (rope and twine) Agave sisalana,
7 Timber Eucalyptus globulus and Acrocarpus fraxinifolius
8. Biodiversity/biological L R ALL
regulation
9. Pollination L Grewia bicolar, Lantana auleata,
Regulating
10. Air quality, temperature L R G ALL
regulation and climate
11. Carbon dioxide sequestration L R G ALL
12. Erosion regulation L Digitaria Sanguinalis, Cynodon dactylon and all shrubs
13. Natural hazard –Storm water L R
regulation
15. Recreational L R Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, Euphorbia candelabrum, Euphorbia tirucalli
Cultural
16. Aesthetics view L R Euphorbia candelabrum, Euphorbia tirucalli
17. Nursery services L R
Habitat
18. Genepool protection L R Native species (Appendix 1)
Key: L=Local, Regional and Global
74
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
4.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTING
4.4.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS
The socio-economic survey documented several activities in the area for people and communities
living around. In the area, the dominant social economic activities are small agricultural services.
Also, the people in this area engage in other kind of economic activities like retail shops, mama
Ntilie, livestock keeping and fishing activities.
4.4.1 Demography
As per the National Population Census of 2012, Nyamatongo Ward had 26,707 people, with
13,441 (50.4%) males and 13,266 (49.6%) females, and a population growth rate of 1.9%. The
population distribution in the six villages of Nyamatongo Ward was as presented in Table 4.8.
The expect increase in the number of people that are expected to be more 10,000 will increase
pressure on the available social services and change the lives of the people of Karumo and the
surrounding communities. The Population of Karumo village is expected to triple in the next few
years as a result of the ARU-Mwanza campus construction. During construction, the project is
expecting to employ more than two hundred (200) people from outside Karumo village.
Therefore the village will be having more people than before. The change in population level
due to influx of workers and laborers will contribute to the new market opportunities for
small, middle and big business persons. This will increase money circulation at the area leading
to high income to the local suppliers and service providers.
Table 4.8: Nyamatongo Ward Population Distribution
Sn Village Population Land coverage (Km2) Density
1. Irunda 3,170 18.5 160.0
2. Ngoma B 3,194 20.1 133.3
3. Nyalwambu 3,494 20.2 148.8
4. Kamanga 3,961 7.5 754.5
5. Karumo 4,024 12.4 126.5
6. Nyamatongo 7,667 39.2 191.6
Total 25,510 117.9 -
Source: Nation Population Census 2012
4.4.2 Education
Sengerema district council, in which ARU Mwanza campus is located, has a total of 105 primary
schools; out of these, 98(93.3%) are government schools, and 7(6.7%) are Private schools. The
Nyamatongo ward has five Primary Schools and one Secondary school owned by the
government. Those schools include Kamanga, Mtakuja, Karumo, Kachuho, Nyamatongo primary
schools, and Nyamatongo secondary schools (Table 4.9). However, the ARU Mwanza campus
has the potential to stimulate the development of existing educational facilities in Karumo village
as well as knowledge dissemination to the surrounding community.
Residences in the project area and surrounding communities do not have sufficient education
facilities. In view of this, the influx of people in the project area will increase pressure on the
75
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
already limited education institutions and may without the taking of steps to alleviate this place a
heavy additional burden on the existing service delivery system.
Table 4.9: Primary Schools Students Enrollment in Nyamatongo Ward
Sn Name of school Students enrolment
Male Female Total
1 Kamanga P/S 333 353 686
2 Mtakuja P/S 408 562 970
3 Karumo P/S 441 470 911
4 Kachuho P/S 423 418 841
5 Nyamatongo P/S 561 588 1,149
Source: Field Survey, September 2022
4.4.3 Health Services
According to Sengerema District Council Strategic Plan (2017-2022), the District council has one
District Designated Hospital, 5 Health Centres and 44 Dispensaries. Among the dispensaries,
three (3) are located in Nyamatongo Ward. During project life, some of the activities that may
endanger the lives of the community members living close to those activities (4.10). This in turn
will likely to endanger the lives of the local communities in form of accidents if appropriate
measures are not taken. In the areas where raw materials will be taken like sand, stones and water
accidents are likely to happen if appropriate measures are not taken on board. On the
transportation of raw materials to the site, drivers may fail to observe safety measures along the
road something that may result to accidents to other road users like pedestrian, motorcyclist, and
bodaboda drivers. Following limited health institutions, health care services are likely to be
inadequate to serve the increased population after the commencement of the project.
Furthermore, the influx of job speculators from other parts of Tanzania and neighboring regions
will increase interaction, consequently increasing the risk of getting HIV/AIDS infections and
other communicable diseases. That, the growth of trading centers in the area will attract different
businesses and different people to the extent that the level of prostitution will also increase in the
area provided that there will be employees from other areas of the country. Increased prevalence
of communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS will likely to happen and consequently cause burden to
the existing health services
Table 4.10: Health Facilities
Sn Health Number Ownership Location Condition
facilities Govt. Private
1. Health centre 7 7 - Sengerema 5 Functioning
urban 2 on construction
2. Dispensary 49 47 2 Sengerema 43 Functioning
rural and urban 6 on construction
3. Pharmacy 1 - 1 Sengerema Functioning
urban
4. District 2 1 1 Mission ward 1 Functioning
hospital Mwabaluhi 1 on construction
Source: Field Survey, September 2022
76
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
In the Nyamatongo ward, there are three dispensaries, namely Kamanga, Nyamatongo and
Karumo, located in respective villages.
4.4.4 Religious Facilities
In the Nyamatongo ward, there are two major types of religions: Muslims and Christians. There
are also local traditional believes which are not much popular in the Ward. The Christians
denominations include; Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Lutherans, and Pentecostals. In Karumo
village, there are ten churches and two mosques.
However, the current religious institutions seems to be enough for the available population which
is estimated to be 7,000, and the influx of people and students after the opening of the ARU-
Campus in Nyamatongo will likely to cause pressure on these institutions.
4.4.5 Transportation Network
The Sengerema District’s Roads cover a total of 3,079.4km. Out of which 47.43km are tarmac,
368.78 are gravel, and 2,663.19 are earth roads. The 370.4km, equivalent to 9% of the total roads,
are under TANROAD, while 2,709.1km are under TARURA. About 75 % of the roads are
passable for the whole year, and 25 % are not passable during the rainy season (4.11).
Table 4.11: Roads in Sengerema District
Type of Road TANROADS TARURA TOTAL % of the total
Tarmac road (km) 47.00 0.43 47.43 1.5
A gravel road (km) 323.40 45.38 368.78 12.0
Earth road (km) 0.00 2,663.19 2,663.19 86.5
Total (km) 370.4 2,709 3,079.4
% of the total 12.03 87.97
Source: TARURA- Sengerema, September 2022
As highlighted in the preceding sections, the ARU Mwanza campus is accessible by the main
road from Mwanza town to Sengerema via Kamanga Ferry. The campus is also accessible via
Kamanga-Karumo Road, which passes through the site to Karumo village. The road is unpaved
and lacks traffic separation for motorized and non-motorized traffic. According to TARURA
traffic counting, the annual average daily traffic number (AADTn) across Mwanza-Sengerema
Road is 256.
4.4.6 Telecommunication
The ARU-Mwanza Campus is located 32.81Km away from the terminal point of the National
ICT Broadband Backbone (NICTBB) which is located at Sengerema District Hospital. Thus, the
connectivity of the ARU-Mwanza Campus to the ICT network infrastructure can be done through
Fiber Optic Cable (OFC) from Sengerema District Hospital. Another method of connectivity is
through private mobile network operators. It is worth noting that the availability of reliable
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) connectivity is crucial to developing
digital/innovative campus services to facilitate modern teaching and learning environments.
The mobile network operators providing communications services within Nyamatongo ward,
where the ARU Mwanza campus is located, include Vodacom, Airtel, Halotel, and Tigo. Despite
77
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Mobile towers located close to the area, the signal strength varies from firm to weak in some
locations. Thus, the site requires improved mobile communications to provide reliable data
services to allow interaction within and outside the campus.
4.4.7 Water
The Sengerema Rural Water Supply Authority (RUWASA) is the leading water supplier in the
Sengerema District from Lake Victoria. Other water sources include pipe schemes, boreholes,
shallow wells, springs, and rain water harvesting. At the district level, there are 467 boreholes,
1037 household connections, 506 domestic and communal points, 750 water kiosks and 24
commercial water kiosks. There are a total of 16 water supply schemes. Six (6) water supply
schemes are currently working to make the access to clean and safe water in Sengerema district
57%. Eight (8) schemes are under construction, and at their completion, they are anticipated to
cover 85% of the total demand (RUWASA-Sengerema, September 2022).
The water supply network in Sengerema serves 128 villages out of 158 villages in the district.
Karumo village, where the ARU Mwanza campus is located, is 1.5km from the storage tank
(1000m3) of the water supply scheme under construction. The Karumo village is among the
Sengerema villages planned to be served by the water scheme under construction. The ARU-
Mwanza campus site is within the water scheme catchment area. On the Eastern side of the site,
there is one pipe of HDPE 63, the HDPE 80 pipe traversing the site from Northern to Southern,
while the HDPE 150 pipe passes on the North-West side of the site. Also, there is a higher water
table in some parts of the ARU-Mwanza campus site. The neighboring communities are using
shallow wells. The area's water table provides a potential groundwater source for borehole
drilling.
4.4.8 Power
According to TANESCO –Sengerema, the power demand falls under medium distribution
(33KV). The power demanded in Sengerema district is 5 - 6.5 Megawatt which is lower than the
power produced. The medium transmission (33KV) line passes across the ARU-Mwanza campus
site. However, the other source of power at the project site includes kerosene, solar power,
charcoal and firewood.
4.5 Economic Context and Analysis of Economic Activities in the Project Area
Fishing activities are the dominant economic activity in Karumo Village. Other economic
activities include farming, livestock keeping, and business. About 70% of the residents depend on
fishing, 15% on farming activities, while 5% depends on livestock keeping, and the remaining
10% on businesses and commerce (Karumo village Report 2021).
4.5.1 Fishing Activities
The economic base in Nyamatongo ward is fishing due to the presence of Lake Victoria. Fishery
activities are primarily conducted along the shore areas of Lake Victoria by using traditional
equipment such as netting, light attraction and hooks. The species available are Nile perch,
78
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Tilapias, and Sardines. Fishing products are used for domestic consumption. Moreover, large-
scale fishing is also found in the Karumo village. Local investors operate the fish farms and sale
fish products beyond the Mwanza region. Therefore, the fishing sector contributes to the local
community's income and the district’s economy in general. Nevertheless, fishing as the main
economic base of Karumo village encounters challenges such as insufficient capital, unreliable
market, and poor transportation infrastructures.
4.5.2 Farming Activities
Karumo sub-ward farming activities are both small and larger scale. Farming is conducted mainly
seasonally in the area. However, there is small-scale irrigation taking place. The ward has the
potential for the cultivation of different crops, such as food and cash crops. Food crops include
rice, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, and millet, while cash crops include cotton and tomatoes.
Most farmers use hand hoes, and few of them use tractors. Existing potentials for crop production
include the presence of human resources, water sources and the northern plateau, which provide
suitable conditions for crop production. Farming activities' challenges include poor infrastructure,
poverty, soil erosion, diseases and pests, price fluctuation and climatic change. The effects of
climate change have been felt mainly by the farmers due to their dependence on rain-fed
agriculture. The changing and unpredictable rainy seasons have significantly affected their ability
to plan their farming activities. It brings the need for more exploitation of irrigation farming. It is
estimated that intensified irrigation can increase agricultural productivity depending on the crops
and incomes.
4.5.3 Livestock keeping Activities
The livestock population in Nyamatongo Ward is estimated to be 4,440, which include cattle
(2,550); goats (1,204); pigs (74); chickens (612) (SDP, 2017). Within Nyamatongo Ward, cattle
are the dominant livestock in the Ward, followed by goats, chickens and pigs. Due to the lack of
land use planning in the Ward, there are conflicts between farmers and livestock keepers.
Moreover, livestock keeping is facing climatic change-related challenges and a shortage of
extension officers.
4.5.4 Commercial Activities
Nyamatongo ward centre harbours both formal and informal commercial activities. Besides, it
includes a weekly market which takes place on Saturdays. At the Nyamatongo centre, there are
shops for households’ domestic goods. Transacted goods include agricultural products found
within the Ward and manufactured goods from Sengerema town and Mwanza city. The
Nyamatongo commercial centre serves the purpose of Karumo village. Even though business and
commerce is a promising sector for Karumo village residents, the sector operates at a minimal
scale due to a lack of market at the village level.
It is envisaged that the establishment of ARU campus at Karumo village; Sengerema district will
attract a number of investors from within and outside surrounding communities to invest in
meeting the needs of the increased population as well as people seeking for employment in the
79
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
area. This is likely to enhance the development of the centers at surrounding areas. It is also
expected that service providers such as food venders and general viosks (dukas) may be
established and increase to provide services to both students, investors and staff working in the
project site.
80
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER FIVE
STAKEHOLDERS’ ENGAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS
5.1 Introduction
Stakeholder engagement is the continuous and iterative process by which the Borrower identifies,
communicates, and facilitates a two-way dialogue with the people affected by its decisions and
activities, as well as others with an interest in the implementation and outcomes of its decisions
and the project. It takes into account the different access and communication needs of various
groups and individuals, especially those more disadvantaged or vulnerable, including
consideration of both communication and physical accessibility challenges.
5.2 Goals of the consultation process
The stakeholders’ consultation under this construction project of Ardhi University-Mwanza
Campus was conducted for the following reasons;
i. To identify stakeholders and build and maintain a constructive relationship with them, in
particular project affected parties.
ii. To assess the level of stakeholder interest and support for the project
iii. To enable stakeholders’ views to be taken into account in project design and
environmental and social performance
iv. To assess the level of stakeholder interest and support for the project and to enable
stakeholders’ views to be taken into account in project design and environmental and
social performance
v. To ensure that appropriate project information on environmental and social risks and
impacts is disclosed to stakeholders in a timely, understandable, accessible and
appropriate manner and format.
vi. To provide project affected parties with accessible and inclusive means to raise issues and
grievances and allow Borrowers to respond to and manage such grievances
5.3 Stakeholder Identification
The study identified stakeholders to be consulted and involved throughout the project life cycle.
Stakeholders’ identification in this study was done through a continuous and comprehensive
brainstorming process to collect an exhaustive list of people/ groups or institutions that are likely
to be affected by the project, affect the project, influence the direction of the project or have those
having interest over the project. Table 5.1 shows stakeholders identified and level of interest.
81
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table: 5.1: List of Stakeholders identified, their roles and the rate of interest in the Project
Authority Role of the stakeholder Rate of
Interest
Mwanza Regional Administrative Secretary Political and administrative issues HIGH
Sengerema District Council Overall advice on both professional works HIGH
(land, Planning, environments, social,
economics) with regards to the execution
of the project at ARU-Mwanza Campus
Tanzania Commission for Universities (TCU) Provides advice on all work related LOW
safety measures to the project
Occupational Safety and Health Authority Oversees the provision, availability and LOW
(OSHA) control of power in the project area at
Mwanza Campus and the surrounding
communities of Karumo and Kamanga
villages
Tanzania Electricity Supply Company Power supply HIGH
(TANESCO
RURAL Water and Sanitation Agency Plan, design, construct and supervise rural LOW
(RUWASA) water supply projects
SEUWASA Design, maintenance, emergency repairs, LOW
spot improvements, rehabilitation,
upgrading and construction of roads
TARURA Provide overall guidance, advice and LOW
management of fire and rescue
Fire and Rescue Force LOW
Lake Victoria Basin Provides networks which offer a HIGH
/HQ comprehensive range of
telecommunication services
TTCL Data provider HIGH
Nyamatongo Ward Beneficiaries of the new campus in HIGH
Mwanza
Local Government Members and Community Providing information to inform HIGH
Members of Karumo and Kamanga Villages environmental and social plans, baseline
information and representation of various
groups at local level.
NON-STATE ACTORS (NGOs, CBOs, Employment opportunities associated with HIGH
FBOs) and PRIVATE SECTOR project
Kamanga Ferry Management Transporter HIGH
Faustine Elikana – Manager Kamanga
Ferry
ARUSO Building users HIGH
ARU staff Building users HIGH
82
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
5.4 Stakeholder engagement Approach during Preparation Phase
During this period the consultations, presentations and discussion with the above-identified
stakeholders were conducted (see 5.1 above). In the presentations, the team shared with these
stakeholders timely, relevant, understandable and accessible information in a culturally
appropriately manner free of manipulation, interference, coercion, discrimination and
intimidation. During this stage, the team collected the views and opinions on project design, risk,
and impact and mitigation measure associated with the Project.
5.5 Stakeholder engagement Approach during Preparation Phase
The stakeholders view and concerns are summarized in Tables 5.2a-c.
Table 5.2a: Stakeholder Views
Institutions Views/Observations
/VENUE
TANESCO 1. The project shall be served by 33kVA line and is not utilized fully. This guarantees
for reliable power supply to the proposed campus
2. There is a need to have a standalone transformer for the campus so as to maintain
the future power supply considering that the proposed campus shall attract more
people in the village hence more load.
SEUWASA 3. The project area has enough water and is being served by RUWASA as it is found
in the rural setting of Sengerema
4. The project will be under SEUWASA once it is urbanized.
TARURA 5. The project is good for the benefit of the current and future generations of the
project area. However, the project shall limit the accessibility of the people to the
project area
6. The University should officially inform theTARURA office concerning the
construction of the proposed road, and arrange the day for the discussion at the site
FIRE AND 7. Fire and Rescue Force is the stakeholder to the project due to the nature of the
RISK FORCE buildings to be constructed. It is wise to engage the office during planning and
implementation of the proposed project
RUWASA 8. The RUWASA office has an ongoing water supply project at the proposed area and
the nearby villages. It is 50% to its completion and the contractor is expected to
complete the project on January 2023.
9. The design of the project shall ensure reliable water with good pressure to the
proposed project components. The project shall have a distribution water tank of
1,000,000m3 to be located at an elevation of 1260m
Police Force 10. The presence of the university will increase crimes within and outside the campus.
The university is advised to have a police post within the campus.
SENGEREMA 11. The dumpsite is located at 24km from the proposed site on the way to Sengerema
DC but it is not in use yet.Thus, crude dumping is still being done.
12. The waste water stabilization pond is located in Sengerema and is being used
13. Mwanza seems to be closer in terms of waste dumping; however, it is expensive as
it needs to hire a ferryboat for transporting waste. The best option is to transfer
waste to Sengerema District waste management facilities.
14. The District has no trucks for solid waste management. The University is advised
83
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
to arrange for its own truck.
15. The District Council has incinerator for burning the hazardous wastes
16. Waste management at village level is under arrangement of ward office.
17. Some villagers have visited the District Office to seek advice and procedure for
shifting the tombs present at the proposed site.
18. The proposed new campus should focus on short course training to increase skills
to fishermen and farmers as majority of them did not manage go to formal training.
19. The university may wish to have laboratories and or demo-farms for fisheries,
animal keeping and agriculture
20. The University should have enough community outreach programs for in order to
help the community around the project areas to harness the knowledge from the
university
21. The University should visit Moshi University College when developing curriculum
for envisaged diploma programs for agriculture
Regional 22. Establish of Mwanza ARU campus will have several advantages to the local
Commission community and Tanzania at large
Offices 23. The programs are well designed capturing resources available in Mwanza
24. Skill development training will minimize the employment challenges
25. You need to come up with a solution to capita investment for graduates of the
programs you want to establish
26. Value addition of fish and agricultural products is very important considering that
most of fruits and vegetables are seasonal, hence during the production season they
flood the market leading to significant amount perishing because of the lack of
market
Regional 27. We fully agree with the establishment of the campus and its programs
Secretary 28. This will assist in training our community member to increase efficiency in their
fishing and farming activities
29. Agribusiness will help our community members to minimize wastage of their
produce
30. Increase of population is likely also to come with negative impacts to the
community, for example our norms may be lost
Lake Victoria 31. The Basin recommends the project. It will bring massive socio-economic impacts
Basin to Sengerema District.
/HQ 32. The selected course content will have an impact on the local economy through
the enhancement of agriculture and fishing technologies;
33. The food preservation and processing program is very useful, as it will help to
reduce the amount of food rot;
34. The design team recommended to conduct a study tour to Rock bay hotel, to see the
design of a storm water management facility.
TTCL 35. Introduction of ARU Mwanza Campus will increase the opportunity for secondary
school leavers to pursue further education
36. The area can be served with Radio waves or fiber Optics for internet services,
however, radio waves is recommended as a short tem solution before fiber optic is
connected to the area.
37. TTCL has the capacity to provide the internet connectivity as per institution
84
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
demand
Nyamatongo 38. The contractor should use the local artisans and cashew labours from the local
Ward community
39. The villages surrounding the projects area will benefit from social responsibility to
be offered by the institute
Tanzania 40. The site layout plan was not submitted to TCU’s representative which made it
Commission for difficult to assess some of the important aspects including drop off area;
Universities landscaping (Hard and soft Landscaping); main entrance lobby; higher level leaders
(TCU) parking and circulation, relationship between one building and another, sewerage
system (Central sewerage or Soak and Septic Tanks), Emergence area, boundary
and others.
41. In all the buildings vertical fins should be offset from the building wall.
42. Some buildings, namely, classrooms, laboratory, seminar rooms, lecture theatres
and lecture rooms should be equipped with noise abatements (Acoustic Materials)
for noise and sound control (noise pollution) during operational
43. The number of latrines/toilets should should be according to the standards (See the
Latrine option manual) which indicate ratios for public/institutional toilet
44. The door for disabled toilet should be open to the corridor for easy accessibility,
and should have the recommended size according to disabled toilet which allow
even the wheelchair to pass.
45. This design of dispensary should follow the recommended National Standard for
Health Care Facilities Design (check Healthcare Facilities Guidelines).
46. According to standards, the dispensary should have an area which is open to the
sky (Open Courtyard) for natural air circulation. This area should be provided
where applicable.
47. The orientation of the lecture rooms affects the ventilation system and somehow
might result in noise pollution. Therefore, there is need for design review of all
Lecture rooms they need to be separated.
48. The design of lecture theatres should consider architectural acoustic design to
create designs that enable efficient distribution of desirable sound and the exclusion
of undesirable sound (noise).
49. The design should take into consideration the requirements for people with
disabilities.
50. The vertical fins should be offset from the building wall and remove unnecessary
building element to reduce construction cost and at the time to achieve building
aesthetics.
51. The size of the courtyard open area should be increased to serve for its purpose i.e.
allow more air circulation and use of natural light within the building or removed to
create more usable space.
85
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
52. The main open entrance lobby should also be provided to create covered drop off
area
PRIVATE 53. They support the project for construction of ARDHI University campus at
SECTOR Sengerema District, Karumo Area
54. Kamanga ferry is among the stakeholders that will benefit from this project through
transportation services it provides
55. The project will increase movements from various demands, activities and material
requirements which will need transportation through ferry
56. Every time when there is a big project around, we experience influx of people and
increase of transportation movements
57. We also noted this when a new Sota mining started where they were transporting
about 10 vehicles daily. We expect similar situation when implementation of
ARDHI Campus starts
58. We expect to get many customers/passengers/cargo transportation from this project
for material supply, workers, contractors .This was also experienced also when the
ARDHI University paid compensation during land acquisition process. Few days
after compensation payments there were high traffic of people, cars, material
transportation.
59. There were influx of people doing shopping of construction materials and family
outgoings for shopping
60. There was a major increase of movements of people and material transportation.
Kamanga Ferry has adequate vessels for transportation activities and we will
provide service affectively
61. The Kamanga Ferry have plan to construct student hostels when the University
starts that will enable to provide students accommodation
62. There will be influx of people in the area which will need various services
including transport services
63. We also have speed boats which a packed ready for emergency cases which
currently are not properly working, but when the University campus starts, we will
strengthen the speed boats service for the University also.The speed boat are there
24 hours ready for emergence cases such as transporting emergence patients’ mid-
nights when ferry services are not available particularly for pregnant mothers, etc.
to rush then to the referral hospital at Bugando.
64. There will be increase of HIV/AIDS also because of increase of businesses, money
circulation, economic growth
65. There will be also increase of pollution to the environment from the influx of
people, activities and movements
66. In Karumo Area where the project will be located there is no waste water treatment
system such as ponds, etc. hence there will be a need for consideration of waste
water treatment services
67. The existing City council dumpsite for Mwanza city is accessed from Sengerema
86
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
by ferry transport, which means they will need to transport solid waste into the
ferry for disposal. This may not be a good ideal and they need to find an area for
waste disposal
68. We recommend the ARDHI University to construct an up-to-date campus with full
consideration of environmental protection and conservation and should consider
using recent technologies in construction and various services which will be
needed.
ARUSO 69. There is a need to build enough houses for staff members so as to ensure improvement of
the working conditions
70. Dispensary should be among the priority buildings
71. There is a need to build fence around the campus to ensure Security to workers living in
quarters,
72. Air pollution is expected during construction, therefore responsible people have to be keen
73. Internal roads should be well constructed (size and quality)
74. Street lights have to be fixed
75. Police post has to be constructed
76. Religious buildings be constructed if possible
77. Internal Transportation services be available
ARU STAFF 78. That the new projects should use modern technology for controlling wastes and not rely on
(Both the traditional and widely used method of septic tank
Academic and
Administrative 79. The communities around the University should be allowed to use pathways/roads that cuts
Staff) across the University at all times of the project
80. Local communities should be given priority in terms of employment and service provision
during the implementation of the project
81. The contractor should be encouraged to use local supplies surrounding the project site
82. The University should cooperate with local authorities to implement participatory security
systems
83. There must be a mechanism to be established between the University and surrounding
local communities for feedback and information sharing about the project
84. The University should rehabilitate/upgrade one of the following roads; the Kamanga B -
Mtakuja- Chigolo – Karumo road, Chemagati – Chogoto or Mtakuja – Chigoto road, for
people to pass, to avoid disturbance of trace passing the university premises
85. The village has a health center lacking basic infrastructures such as operating theater,
wards therefore the university should build a dispensary to help reduce the shortfalls.
86. Security issues should be given high priority. Building a small Police post at the campus
(an Outpost) is paramount
87
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table 5.2b: Stakeholder Views documented during Village meetings
SN Stakeholders Comment Response by Consultant
1. i. Kamanga 1. The Village leadership is aware that Ardhi Noted
Village University acquired land from the village
leaders authority, and some from three clans in
ii. Secondary Karumo Village.
and
primary 2. There is a TARURA road, traversing the ARU The requested is noted,
school site. Since the operation of the Campus will will be communicated
representat results to restrictions on the use of the road, the with the University
ives Village authority requested the University to management
(teachers) rehabilitate/grade the Kamanga B -Mtakuja-
Chigolo – Karumo road.
3. Other two alternative roads to Karumo (from
the village) were mentioned
-Chemagati – Chogoto
- Mtakuja – Chigoto
4. Is there going to be any compensation resulting
from the road(s) rehabilitation? According to the village
authority, the roads have
been there, and are
maintained by TARURA.
Grading could not result
into any compensation
5. The site in question is in Karumo Village. Why
is Kamanga village consulted? Kamanga village is going
to be on of the
beneficiaries of the
project. Further, there
could be people owning
6. The mentioned academic courses to be taught land in Karumo Village.
by the University will highly benefit the
community, which is composed of farmers and
fishermen.
7. The village will benefit from selling of
agricultural products, and will open shops,
stationery and related facilities.
8. The existence of the Campus will boost the
village economy.
9. Will the project offer employment
opportunities to the local community?
Yes, the project will offer
non skilled jobs to the
local community
88
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Representative The village has a health center has no capacity to Noted, will be
from the service the Village. It lacks basic infrastructures communicated with
Village health such as operating theater, wards. management. However,
Centre (Village The health care is requesting the University to back the project will establish a
Doctor) up the village through its CSR dispensary at the campus,
to be used by the
University and the
community
Village Police The Campus establishment will consume millions Taken for consideration in
Post of money, and will have a lot of valuable materials the project design
(represented by and infrastructure. Security issues should be given
a local Police high priority. It is suggested to include a small
officer) Police post at the campus (an Outpost)
Table 5.2c: PAPs Views at Karumo Village
S/No Comment Response by Consultant
1. Land was restricted to be used from 12.8.2018 after it was The requested is noted, will be
taken from the villagers but they were delayed with communicated with the
compensation process until two (2) years later therefore due University management
to inflation and impacts of COVID 19 pandemic the money
was not enough to establish their own new settlements
2 PAPs wrote an appeal letter to Sengerema DC regarding Noted, will be communicated
their doubts on the compensation process buy todate they with management to provide
have not received any feedback details to PAPs.
3 The compensation process was done but PAPs were not Noted, will be communicated
given any document indicating items compensated and the with management to provide
actual compensation cost. PAPs request the university to detailed compensation
provide the document indicating what item has been documents to PAPs.
compensated and the actual amount
4 Request the owner of the land to allow the villagers to take Noted, will be communicated
materials from the properties that are within the campus with ARU management
5 Roads connecting the village to other areas have to be Noted, the design and the
added because the existing roads will have restrictions master plan of the site have
during operation phase of the project taken the issue on board
6 The village is happy with the upcoming project in their Noted
village and they hope to benefit a lot from the project
89
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
5.5 Stakeholders Engagement during Implementation
During Project implementation, engagement activities will be undertaken in relation to project
activities under Component 1: Transforming Ardhi University with a focus on priority disciplines
for Economic growth; Component 2: Strengthening management of the Ardhi University system;
and Component 3: Support for Project Coordination and Management. At this stage, the study
will conduct a number of structured and formal meetings, focus group discussions, community
meetings, one to one interview, distribution of information (pamphlets) and site visits that will
involve a number of stakeholders (Table 5.3). The timing for the conducts of the above meetings
will be determined by the progress of the project implementation and when seems necessary to
invite stakeholders for their comments and observation. However, the sharing of information and
progress with stakeholders will be subject to scrutiny with regards to the kind of information to
be shared and how the same will be communicated to both stakeholders, PAPs and OIPs.
Furthermore, at this stage, the Ardhi University will ensure equal and effective participation from
project preparation to implementation stages. To ensure stakeholders’ views and concerns are
well captured, the SEP will have different methods of collecting information based on their needs
i.e. disadvantaged or vulnerable groups.
90
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table: 5.3: Summary of the stakeholder engagement during Implementation
SN OBJECTIVE MESSAGES MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
PROJECT PREPARATION
1. To present the draft • Presentation of the Project and its • Organized public meetings /Consultations based on Stakeholders
SEP (for comment) implementation schedule needs and circumstances (FGD, one on one meetings etc.)
and final versions of • Present potential environmental • Disclosure on ARU Website
the instruments. and social impacts reports and its • Emailing to respective stakeholders
enhancement and mitigation plan. • Email copies of the instruments to Non-State Actors and other
• Describe Grievance Redress institutions.
Mechanism • Sharing of executive summaries in hard copy during meetings
• Present a list of identified • For stakeholders who are illiterate, information will be presented
stakeholders and describe an verbally during meetings in local language.
approach of their engagement. • Disclosure of Project documentation in appropriate and accessible
manner
• The instruments will be disclosed in Swahili language in project
offices and hard copies will be accessible to PAPs and OIP.
2. ESIA / ESMP • To inform the preparation of the • Face to Face Meetings
Preparation and Environmental Statement/ ESMP • Community Meetings
Disclosure etc. and present findings when • Site Visits based on stakeholders needs and circumstances.
drafted to all the identified • Disclosure on ARU Website
stakeholders • FGD, one on one meetings etc.
• Disclosure of Project documentation in appropriate and accessible
manner
• The instruments will be disclosed in Swahili language at the
University, Sengerema district council and in the offices of the
identified stakeholders or public meetings
3. Resettlement Action • Meetings with affected households • Face to Face Meetings
Plan (RAP) as needed to inform the • Site Visits based on stakeholders needs and circumstances.
Preparation, preparation of the RAP, disclosure • Disclosure on ARU Website
disclosure and of RAP and monitoring. • FGD, one on one meetings etc.
91
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
SN OBJECTIVE MESSAGES MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
implementation • Disclosure of Project documentation in appropriate and accessible
manner
• The instruments will be disclosed in Swahili language at the district
council and in household of the PAP
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1. Meeting to Alert • Inform stakeholders on the • Public Meetings
stakeholders to the commencement of construction • Face to Face Meetings
start of construction activities • Groups Discussions based on stakeholders needs and
• Provide project Information and circumstances.
education on the risks and impacts, • FGD, one on one meetings etc.
GRM, workers code of conduct
etc.
2. Alert stakeholders of • Inform public about any emerging • Public Announcements
any new activities and issues; provide information on • Focus Group Discussions
Provide updates on risks and impacts. GRM, workers • Community Meetings
project progress (every code of conduct etc. • Meetings with village Councils of Karumo and Kamanga
month)
3. Contact with the • Provide phone number/WhatsApp • Meetings with village Councils of Karumo and Kamanga as well as
Project Coordination account and email for stakeholders PAP and OIP
Team to submit questions and give out
comments
THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT
1. Information • General information on ARU- • Posting on bulletin boards; Information leaflets, banners
dissemination Mwanza campus HEET • Outreach activities with Nyamatongo ward communities where
implementation presentations, workshops and public meetings will be conducted.
• Sharing on ARU social media and website
• Information accessible at Sengerema district council
2. Contact with the • Maintain website with contact • ARU’s Websites
Project Coordination box, email, social media accounts • ARU’s phone number for HEET activities and concerns will be
92
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
SN OBJECTIVE MESSAGES MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
Team and phone number for people to shared to project sites and all stakeholders
submit questions, comments and • ARU’s phone number for HEET activities and concerns will also
concerns. be found at Sengerema district council
NOTE: The face-to-face consultations with stakeholders will strictly follow national and international guidelines on health and hygiene
procedures in order to avoid the spread of diseases including COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases.
93
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND IDENTIFICATION OF
ALTERNATIVES
6.1 Introduction
This section outlines the process of impact identification and assessment of the
impacts in each stage of the proposed project. The proposed mitigation measures are
outlined in chapter seven of which MoEST through ARU is committed to undertake to
prevent or reduce the identified adverse impacts. This study is conducted for
envisaging a road map to ensure the investments to be financed under this project are
designed and implemented in an environmentally sound and socially acceptable
manner that meets both requirements of World Bank Environmental Standards (ESS)
and the Government of Tanzania (GoT) legislations.
▪ Environmental risks and impacts assessment done included: (i) those defined
by the WB Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, EHSGs; (ii) those
related to community safety; (iii) those related to climate change (iv) any
material threat to the protection, conservation, maintenance and restoration of
natural habitats and biodiversity; and (v) those related to ecosystem services
and the use of living natural resources;
▪ Social risks and impacts assessment done included: (i) threats to human
security through crime or violence; (ii) risks that project impacts fall
disproportionately on individuals and groups who, because of their
circumstances, may be disadvantaged or vulnerable; and (iii) negative
economic and social impacts relating to the involuntary taking of land or
restrictions on land use.
6.2 Impact Identification
Impact identification is a process designed to ensure that all potential significant
impacts are identified and considered in project design and implementation. Several
‘tools’ are available to assist in impact identification. The simplest, and most
frequently used, are checklists of impacts, although matrices, network diagrams and
map overlays are also commonly used. In this EIA study, a checklist and matrix
methods were used. The checklists, which have been developed from previous
experiences, provide lists of potential impacts associated with specific activities. They
provide a quick method of identifying the impacts and in such help also practitioners
to avoid overlooking some of potential of the impacts associated with a particular
activity. The matrix provides a rather systematic way of evaluating the identified
impacts.
6.2.1 Impacts associated with preconstruction, construction and operational
phase
Impacts of the project were grouped into impacts on the physical environment,
impacts on the social environment and economic impacts, as listed hereunder:
A: Impacts on the physical Environment
i. Loss of arable land
94
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
ii. Loss of biodiversity
iii. Change of habitant
iv. Loss of ecosystems services
v. Acceleration of soil erosion
vi. Generation of liquid waste
vii. Generation of solid waste
viii. Generation of Hazardous waste
ix. Increased runoff/storm water
x. Land pollution
xi. Surface and ground Water Pollution
xii. Air pollution
xiii. Contribution to Climate change
xiv. Noise pollution
xv. Generation of vibrations
xvi. Visual impact
xvii. Increase pressure on natural resources
B. Impacts on Social Environment
i. Employment opportunities
ii. Increase in income generation opportunities
iii. Changes in lifestyle and quality of life
iv. Increased skills and impart knowledge to local communities
v. Increase of academic facilities in Mwanza
vi. Loss of cultural assets and displacement ritual sites
vii. Change of habitant
viii. Population increase
ix. Increased pressure on social services
x. Increased traffic flow
xi. Increased risks of road/ ferry accidents
xii. Increase in level of crimes
xiii. Increased risks of communicable diseases
xiv. Change in social values and ethics
xv. Increase in conflicts
xvi. Food insecurity
xvii. Price inflation of goods and services
xviii. Occupation health, safety and security risks
xix. Community health and safety risks
xx. Child labour
xxi. Increased incidence of GBV/SEA/SH
xxii. Increased transmission of STDs, COVID etc
xxiii. Loss of livelihood
xxiv. Restrictions on use of access road to Karumo village
xxv. Loss of employment
C. Economic Impacts
i. Increased Revenues to local authorities
ii. Increased commercial and social activities around project locations
iii. Increased Income to local suppliers and service providers
iv. Increased land values
v. Loss of revenue to the government and University
95
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.3 Impact Evaluation
Identification of impacts was followed by prediction or estimation of the magnitude,
extent and duration of the impact in comparison with the situation without the project.
The matrix method was used (Table 6.1). To be able to predict whether impacts are
likely to occur as well as their scale, the initial reference or baseline data prior to the
project was determined, and the future changes forecasted with or without the
proposed project. The impact evaluation was based on experts’ knowledge as well as
checklists.
The significance of impacts was tested using the following criteria:
i. The magnitude and likelihood of the impact and its spatial and
temporal extent;
ii. The likely degree of recovery of the affected environment;
iii. The value of the affected environment;
iv. The level of public concern; and
v. Extensiveness over space and time (magnitude);
vi. Intensiveness in concentration or in proportion to assimilative capacity;
vii. Exceedance of environmental standards or thresholds ;
viii. Level of compliance with environmental policies, land use plans,
sustainability strategy;
ix. Level of adversity and seriousness in affecting ecologically sensitive
areas;
x. Level of adversity and seriousness in affecting heritage resources,
other land uses; communities and/or indigenous peoples, traditions and
values.
The impacts were further rated at a scale of “–3” to “+3” through “0” in the following
manner;
+3 High positive impacts
+2 Moderate positive impacts
+1 Minor positive impact
0 No impacts
-1 Minor negative impact
-2 Moderate negative impacts
-3 High negative impacts
The team focused on significant positive and negative impacts that were rated -2, -3
and proposed mitigation measures.
6.4 Impact assessment Criteria
Eight criteria were used to assess the significance of the impacts of the project, these
include
• Direct impacts- Refer to the immediate and observable effects that the project
has on the environment. These impacts are often straightforward and can be
directly linked to the cause. Direct impacts occur in the short term and are
typically immediate or near-immediate results of the project. These impacts
can affect various components of the environment, including air, water, soil,
climate, and ecosystems.
96
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
• Indirect impacts – Refer to the secondary or unintended effects that result
from project. The effects are not immediately observable. The causes of the
impacts are often more complex and may emerge over a longer time scale than
direct impacts. The impacts may be the result of a series of interconnected
events.
• Induced impacts- These are indirect and cascading effects that project
activities can have on the environment and society. These effects are often the
result of a chain reaction initiated by specific actions. The impacts have more
direct link between a project and the subsequent effects and the effects can be
more immediate.
• Cumulative Impacts- These are impacts that cause changes to the
environment that are caused by an action in combination with other past,
present and future human actions.
• Residual Impacts- These are long term impacts which go beyond the lifetime
of the project.
• Spatial Scale-The spatial dimension encompasses the geographical spread of
the impacts regardless of whether they are short term or long term. Table 16
describes the ratings used in the Simple Matrix as far as spatial scale is
concerned.
Table 16: Spatial Rating
International (I) Trans-boundary
National (N) Within country
Regional (R) Within Region
Local (L) On and adjacent to site
• Temporal Scale-Temporal boundaries refer to the lifespan of impacts. Table
17 describes the ratings used in the Simple Matrix.
Table 17: Temporal Rating
Short-Term (ST) during construction
Medium-Term (MT) Life of project
Long –Term (LT) Residual impacts beyond life of project
• Reversibility of the impact- Every impact was checked if its effect can be
reversed or not. Letter R was used to denote reversible impacts while IR was
used to denote Irreversible impacts.
97
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
S/n
land
Loss
Loss
habitat
Impact
Change
services
er events
ecosystems
biodiversity
emergency/disast
of
of
Loss of arable
of
Risk to generate
0
-3
Design and Risk Hazard Assessment(RHA)
phase
0
0
Land acquisition
-3
-2
-1
-3
0
Site clearance and demolition
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Establishment and operation of campsite
0
-2
-2
-1
-1
Exploitation of quarries/natural resources
0
-2
-1
-1
-1
98
Transportation of materials
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Trench excavations and casting of
foundation
-2
-2
-1
-3
-3
Construction, installations & finishing works
Construction/Mobilization/Demobilization
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
Landscape activities
0
0
0
0
-3
Teaching /imparting knowledge
0
0
0
0
-1
Health care provision
0
0
-1
-1
-3
Operation of cafeteria and hostels
-1
-2
+1
+1
+1
Liquid waste management
-1
-2
+1
+1
+1
Solid waste management
Impacts on the physical environment
0
-2
+1
+1
+1
Hazardous waste Management
Project activities, phase and Impact Significance
Operation Phase
-1
-1
-1
-1
Provision of utilities
-2
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
Maintenance works
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Operation of Associated facilities
-1
-1
-1
-1
-3
Occupancy/Tenancy
-
-
-
1
1
1
0
0
Demolition of structures
0
0
0
-1
0
oning phase
Decommissi
Termination of employment
I
I
I
L
N
Spatial Scale
Temporal Scale
LT
LT
LT
MT
MT
Table 6.3: Impact Correlation Matrix for the proposed construction of ARU buildings at Mwanza Campus
R
R
R
IR
IR
Reversibility
Impact Rating
✓
✓
Cumulative Effects
✓
✓
✓
Residual Impact
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Direct Impacts
Indirect Impacts
✓
Induced Impacts
9.
8.
7.
6.
11.
10.
S/n
water
Impact
Increased
Generation
Generation
Generation
solid waste
soil erosion
liquid waste
runoff/storm
Land pollution
Hazardous waste
of
of
of
Acceleration of
0
0
0
0
0
0
Design and Risk Hazard Assessment(RHA)
phase
0
0
0
0
0
0
Land acquisition
0
-1
-1
-3
-1
-3
Site clearance and demolition
-3
-1
-3
-3
-3
-1
Establishment and operation of campsite
-1
-1
-1
-2
-1
-3
Exploitation of quarries/natural resources
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
99
Transportation of materials
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
Trench excavations and casting of
foundation
0
-3
-2
-2
-2
-3
Construction, installations & finishing works
Construction/Mobilization/Demobilization
0
0
-1
-2
-1
-1
Landscape activities
0
0
-1
-2
-3
-2
Teaching /imparting knowledge
0
0
-1
-3
-2
-2
Health care provision
0
0
0
-1
-3
-3
Operation of cafeteria and hostels
0
0
-1
+3
+1
+3
0 Liquid waste management
0
0
-1
+3
+3
Solid waste management
0
-1
+3
+3
+3
+3
Hazardous waste Management
Project activities, phase and Impact Significance
Operation Phase
0
0
0
0
0
+3
Provision of utilities
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Maintenance works
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Operation of Associated facilities
0
-2
-2
-1
-3
-3
Occupancy/Tenancy
-
-
-
-
-
3
1
2
3
0
1
Demolition of structures
0
0
0
0
0
0
oning phase
Decommissi
Termination of employment
L
L
L
R
R
R
Spatial Scale
ST
Temporal Scale
LT
MT
MT
MT
MT
R
R
R
R
R
IR
Reversibility
Impact Rating
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Cumulative Effects
✓
Residual Impact
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Direct Impacts
✓
Indirect Impacts
✓
✓
Induced Impacts
17
16
15
14
13
12.
S/n
ground
Impact
Surface
Pollution
vibrations
Generation
Air pollution
Visual impact
Noise pollution
Climate change
Water
Contribution to
and
of
0
0
0
0
0
+3
Design and Risk Hazard Assessment(RHA)
phase
0
0
0
0
0
0
Land acquisition
-1
-2
-2
-2
-1
-1
Site clearance and demolition
-1
-2
-2
-2
-1
-2
Establishment and operation of campsite
-1
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
Exploitation of quarries/natural resources
-1
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
Transportation of materials
100
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Trench excavations and casting of
foundation
-2
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
Construction, installations & finishing works
Construction/Mobilization/Demobilization
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
+2
Landscape activities
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Teaching /imparting knowledge
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Health care provision
0
-1
-1
-2
-1
-1
Operation of cafeteria and hostels
0
0
0
0
+2
+3
Liquid waste management
0
0
0
-1
+2
+3
0 Solid waste management
0
0
0
+2
+3
Hazardous waste Management
Project activities, phase and Impact Significance
Operation Phase
0
0
0
0
0
-2
Provision of utilities
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Maintenance works
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Operation of Associated facilities
0
-2
-2
-2
-1
-2
Occupancy/Tenancy
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
2
1
1
3
Demolition of structures
0
0
0
0
0
0
oning phase
Decommissi
Termination of employment
I
I
L
L
L
R
Spatial Scale
Temporal Scale
LT
LT
LT
MT
MT
MT
R
R
R
IR
IR
IR
Reversibility
Impact Rating
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Cumulative Effects
✓
✓
✓
Residual Impact
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Direct Impacts
✓
✓
Indirect Impacts
Induced Impacts
3.
2.
1.
18
S/n
on
income
Impact
lifestyle
Increase
Changes
resources
generation
Employment
opportunities
opportunities
quality of life
and
in
in
Increase pressure
natural
0
0
0
0
Design and Risk Hazard Assessment(RHA)
phase
0
0
0
0
Land acquisition
-2
+2
+2
+2
Site clearance and demolition
-1
+1
+1
+2
Establishment and operation of campsite
-2
+1
+1
+2
Exploitation of quarries/natural resources
-1
+1
+1
+2
Transportation of materials
101
-1
+1
+1
+2
Trench excavations and casting of
foundation
-2
+2
+2
+2
Construction, installations & finishing works
Construction/Mobilization/Demobilization
-1
+1
+1
+2
Landscape activities
0
+3
+3
+3
Teaching /imparting knowledge
0
+3
+3
+3
Health care provision
-1
+2
+2
+2
Operation of cafeteria and hostels
+1
+1
+1
+3
Liquid waste management
Impacts on Social Environment
+1
+1
+1
+3
Solid waste management
+1
+1
+1
+3
Hazardous waste Management
Project activities, phase and Impact Significance
Operation Phase
-1
+1
+1
+1
Provision of utilities
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
-1
+1
+1
+1
Maintenance works
-1
+1
+1
+1
Operation of Associated facilities
-2
+2
+2
+2
Occupancy/Tenancy
-
1
1
1
2
+
+
+
Demolition of structures
0
-3
-3
-3
oning phase
Decommissi
Termination of employment
I
L
L
Spatial Scale
Temporal Scale
LT
LT
LT
IR
IR
IR
Reversibility
Impact Rating
✓
✓
✓
✓
Cumulative Effects
✓
✓
✓
Residual Impact
✓
✓
✓
Direct Impacts
✓
✓
✓
✓
Indirect Impacts
✓
✓
Induced Impacts
7.
6.
5.
4.
S/n
and
local
assets
Impact
Change
habitant
Increase
facilities
Mwanza
academic
ritual sites
knowledge
communities
in
and
Increased skills
Loss of cultural
of
to
impart
of
displacement of
0
0
0
0
Design and Risk Hazard Assessment(RHA)
phase
0
0
-1
-2
Land acquisition
0
-1
-2
+1
Site clearance and demolition
0
-1
-1
+1
Establishment and operation of campsite
0
0
-1
+1
Exploitation of quarries/natural resources
0
0
-1
+1
Transportation of materials
102
0
0
-1
+1
Trench excavations and casting of
foundation
0
-1
+1
+3 Construction, installations & finishing works
Construction/Mobilization/Demobilization
0
0
-1
+1
Landscape activities
0
0
+3
+2
Teaching /imparting knowledge
0
+2
+2
+1
Health care provision
0
0
+2
+2
Operation of cafeteria and hostels
0
0
0
+1
Liquid waste management
0
0
01
+1
Solid waste management
0
0
0
+1
Hazardous waste Management
Project activities, phase and Impact Significance
Operation Phase
0
0
0
+1
Provision of utilities
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
0
0
0
+1
Maintenance works
0
0
0
+1
Operation of Associated facilities
0
0
0
+1
Occupancy/Tenancy
0
0
0
1
+
Demolition of structures
0
0
-3
-3
oning phase
Decommissi
Termination of employment
L
L
N
N
Spatial Scale
Temporal Scale
LT
LT
LT
LT
R
R
IR
IR
Reversibility
Impact Rating
✓
✓
✓
Cumulative Effects
✓
✓
✓
✓
Residual Impact
✓
✓
✓
✓
Direct Impacts
✓
✓
Indirect Impacts
Induced Impacts
9.
8.
13.
12.
11.
10.
S/n
flow
Impact
diseases
increase
pressure
accidents
of crimes
Increased
Population
social services
of road/ ferry
Increased risks
Increased risks
on
of communicable
Increased traffic
Increase in level
0
0
0
0
0
0
Design and Risk Hazard Assessment(RHA)
phase
0
0
0
0
0
0
Land acquisition
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Site clearance and demolition
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Establishment and operation of campsite
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Exploitation of quarries/natural resources
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Transportation of materials
103
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Trench excavations and casting of
foundation
-2
-2
-1
-1
-2
-2
Construction, installations & finishing works
Construction/Mobilization/Demobilization
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Landscape activities
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
Teaching /imparting knowledge
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
+2
Health care provision
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
Operation of cafeteria and hostels
0
0
0
0
0
+2
Liquid waste management
0
0
0
0
0
+2
Solid waste management
0
0
0
0
0
+2
Hazardous waste Management
Project activities, phase and Impact Significance
Operation Phase
0
0
0
0
0
+2
Provision of utilities
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Maintenance works
-2
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
Operation of Associated facilities
-2
-2
-1
-1
-2
-2
Occupancy/Tenancy
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
1
1
1
1
Demolition of structures
0
0
0
0
-2
-2
oning phase
Decommissi
Termination of employment
I
L
L
R
R
R
Spatial Scale
Temporal Scale
LT
LT
LT
LT
LT
LT
R
R
IR
IR
IR
IR
Reversibility
Impact Rating
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Cumulative Effects
✓
✓
✓
✓
Residual Impact
✓
✓
✓
✓
Direct Impacts
✓
✓
Indirect Impacts
✓
✓
✓
Induced Impacts
21
19
18
17
16
14
S/n
risks
goods
health,
Impact
services
Increase
conflicts
Occupation
Community
Food insecurity
values and ethics
and security risks
health and safety
safety
and
in
Change in social
Price inflation of
0
0
0
0
0
0
Design and Risk Hazard Assessment(RHA)
phase
0
0
0
0
0
0
Land acquisition
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Site clearance and demolition
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Establishment and operation of campsite
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Exploitation of quarries/natural resources
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Transportation of materials
104
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Trench excavations and casting of
foundation
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2 Construction, installations & finishing works
Construction/Mobilization/Demobilization
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Landscape activities
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
Teaching /imparting knowledge
0
0
0
-1
-1
+2
Health care provision
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
Operation of cafeteria and hostels
0
0
0
0
-1
+2
Liquid waste management
0
0
0
0
-1
+2
Solid waste management
0
0
0
0
-1
+2 Hazardous waste Management
Project activities, phase and Impact Significance
Operation Phase
0
0
0
0
0
-1
Provision of utilities
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
0
0
0
0
0
-1
Maintenance works
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
Operation of Associated facilities
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-1
Occupancy/Tenancy
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
Demolition of structures
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
oning phase
Decommissi
Termination of employment
L
L
L
L
R
R
Spatial Scale
I
Temporal Scale
LT
LT
MT
MT
MT
R
R
R
R
R
IR
Reversibility
Impact Rating
✓
✓
Cumulative Effects
✓
Residual Impact
✓
✓
✓
Direct Impacts
✓
Indirect Impacts
✓
✓
✓
Induced Impacts
26
25
24
23
22
S/n
etc
Loss
village
Impact
Increased
Increased
incidence
livelihood
Child labour
GBV/SEA/SH
STDs, COVID
Restrictions on
transmission of
of
road to Karumo
use of access
of
0
0
0
0
0
Design and Risk Hazard Assessment(RHA)
phase
0
0
0
0
0
Land acquisition
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
Site clearance and demolition
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Establishment and operation of campsite
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Exploitation of quarries/natural resources
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Transportation of materials
105
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Trench excavations and casting of
foundation
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
Construction, installations & finishing works
Construction/Mobilization/Demobilization
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Landscape activities
0
-3
-3
-3
+3
Teaching /imparting knowledge
0
-1
+2
+2
+2
Health care provision
0
-2
-2
-2
+2
Operation of cafeteria and hostels
0
0
0
0
-1
0 Liquid waste management
0
0
0
-1
Solid waste management
0
0
0
0
-1
Hazardous waste Management
Project activities, phase and Impact Significance
Operation Phase
0
0
0
0
0
Provision of utilities
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
0
-1
-1
-1
+1
Maintenance works
0
-1
-1
-1
+1
Operation of Associated facilities
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Occupancy/Tenancy
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
+
1
Demolition of structures
0
-2
-1
-1
-1
oning phase
Decommissi
Termination of employment
I
L
L
L
L
Spatial Scale
Temporal Scale
LT
LT
MT
MT
MT
R
R
R
R
R
Reversibility
Impact Rating
✓
✓
Cumulative Effects
Residual Impact
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Direct Impacts
Indirect Impacts
Induced Impacts
2.
3.
1.
27
S/n
Loss
Impact
suppliers
locations
Increased
Increased
Increased
Revenues
employment
local authorities
service providers
social activities
to
of
and
commercial and
Income to local
around project
0
0
0
0
Design and Risk Hazard Assessment(RHA)
phase
0
0
0
0
Land acquisition
+2
+2
+2
+1
Site clearance and demolition
+2
+2
+2
+1
Establishment and operation of campsite
+2
+2
+2
+1
Exploitation of quarries/natural resources
+2
+2
+2
+1
Transportation of materials
106
+2
+2
+2
+1
Trench excavations and casting of
foundation
+2
+2
+2
+3
Construction, installations & finishing works
Construction/Mobilization/Demobilization
+2
+2
+2
+1
Landscape activities
+3
+3
+3
+1
Teaching /imparting knowledge
+3
+3
+3
+1
Health care provision
+2
+2
+2
+1
Operation of cafeteria and hostels
+1
+1
+1
+1
Liquid waste management
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1 Solid waste management
+1
+1
+1
Hazardous waste Management
Project activities, phase and Impact Significance
Operation Phase
+1
+1
+1
+1
Provision of utilities
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
+1
+1
+1
+1
Maintenance works
+2
+2
+2
+1
Operation of Associated facilities
+2
+2
+2
+1
Occupancy/Tenancy
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
+
Demolition of structures
-3
-3
-3
-3
oning phase
Decommissi
Termination of employment
I
I
L
N
Spatial Scale
Temporal Scale
LT
LT
LT
MT
R
R
IR
IR
Reversibility
Impact Rating
✓
✓
✓
Cumulative Effects
✓
✓
Residual Impact
✓
✓
✓
✓
Direct Impacts
✓
✓
Indirect Impacts
✓
✓
Induced Impacts
✓
5.
4.
S/n
to
values
Impact
University
government and
Loss of revenue
Increased land
the
0
0
Design and Risk Hazard Assessment(RHA)
phase
0
0
Land acquisition
+2
+1
Site clearance and demolition
Source: Consultant analysis, 2023
+2
+1
Establishment and operation of campsite
+2
+1
Exploitation of quarries/natural resources
+2
+1
Transportation of materials
107
+2
+1
Trench excavations and casting of
foundation
+2
+3 Construction, installations & finishing works
Construction/Mobilization/Demobilization
+2
+1
+3 Landscape activities
+3
Teaching /imparting knowledge
+3
+2
Health care provision
+2
+2
Operation of cafeteria and hostels
+1
+1
Liquid waste management
+1
+1
Solid waste management
+1
+1
Hazardous waste Management
Project activities, phase and Impact Significance
Operation Phase
+1
+1
Provision of utilities
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
+1
+1
Maintenance works
+2
+1
Operation of Associated facilities
+2
+1
Occupancy/Tenancy
1
1
+
+
Demolition of structures
-3
-2
oning phase
Decommissi
Termination of employment
L
N
Spatial Scale
ST
Temporal Scale
LT
R
IR
Reversibility
Impact Rating
✓
Cumulative Effects
✓
Residual Impact
✓
✓
Direct Impacts
Indirect Impacts
Induced Impacts
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.5 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts during the Pre-Construction
Phase
Positive social impacts
6.5.1 Job Creation and employment opportunities
During this phase, about 30 people shall be employed by the contractor to do
mobilization works such as construction of campsites, quarrying and material
extraction and transportation activities etc. In additional to that, there will be an
increase of self-employment (indirect employment) due to the higher demands and
supply of various goods and services for people working in the project. For example,
an increase in restaurants, mama Ntilie will be obvious to meet the increased number
of the people working at this phase. The people surrounding the project area
(Nyamatongo and Karumo) are farmers and fishermen, through the presence of the
project the likelihood of the increased price of their price is high due to population
influx and increased demands of foods and services. The increased income to the
community will enhance their economic status, even though for short while. This
impact is perceived to be of direct, medium in significance, felt at regional scale
within Mwanza Region, and will have residual impacts on the community.
6.5.2 Increase in income generation opportunities
This influx of people and particularly skilled and unskilled labourers in the area will
provide an opportunity for local people to engage in some sort of business activities
that will enable them to get more income compared to the previous time in which
most of them depended on agriculture and farming as their only source of income.
The project will create a new source of income for both the people within Karumo
and Kamanga communities as well as the surrounding communities of Nyamatongo
ward and Sengerema district in general. This impact will be moderate and will affect
the project communities of Karumo and Kamanga as well as other local communities
surrounding Nyamatongo ward and Sengerema district and will be a direct long-term
impact in the sense that even at the end of the phase the created income generation
opportunities will leave the lives of the beneficiaries improved in one way or another.
One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will
never be reversible hence irreversible.
6.5.3 Changes in lifestyle and quality of life
It is expected that, the increase in employment opportunities both formal and informal
will result to the rise of high wages among the population in the areas as well as the
surrounding communities. This is likelihood to increase their expenditure and
consequently alter their living standard. This will also have a multiplier effect in the
communities that the workers come from, as they will for example be able to pay for
school fees as well as buy assets such as bicycles and radios. Apart from that, the
influx of people in the area will result to an increased number of people with mixed
culture hence easy to alter or influence the same to undergo some changes that may be
positive or negative. The people in the project areas are traditional in nature, mostly
Sukuma and Zinza. Their lifestyle is greatly influenced by Sukuma and Zinza culture
in terms of wearing style, food, behaviour and how they see and interpret issues. The
increased number of people from different areas of the country with different cultural
108
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
background will influence the adoption of new lifestyle that may arise from
interaction or intermarriages.
This is an induced impact that will be moderate and will affect the project
communities of Karumo and Kamanga as well as other local communities
surrounding Nyamatongo ward and Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact
in the sense that even at the end of the phase the new lifestyle developed and
improved quality of life will persist. After the end of this phase the impacts will never
be reversible (irreversible).
6.5.4 Increased Revenues to local and national Authorities
The proposed project development can benefit local communities in terms of income
generating employment. This will allow opportunities within the local business
community, such as the provision of services and supply of goods such as food, hotel
and building materials. The local business community as such would therefore also
have more money circulating within it creating additional spin off effects for
improvement of the local economy. It is also expected that the increased business and
investments in the area will give an opportunity for local government authorities to
collect tax and consequently improve the availability of social services in the area.
Overall, as users pay specific taxes and fees for services, the local and national
revenue will increase even before the commencement of the operational phase.
This impact will be moderate and will affect entire nation in the sense that revenue
collected from the project area will not be used in the local area but rather will
contribute to the nation budget and will likely to have a long-term impact in the sense
that even at the end of the phase the source of incomes developed prior will persist
and grow in terms of size and services. This is a indirect impact which will be
reversible in the sense that the government may propose and or develop strategies to
retain the revenues or even multiplies as the project will be more growing in the stage
to follow.
6.5.5 Increased commercial and social activities around project locations
It is envisaged that the pre-construction stages of the buildings at Karumo village;
Sengerema District which includes but not limited to; site clearance, establishment of
campsites, and transportation of materials will attract a number of investors from
within and outside surrounding communities to invest in meeting the needs of the
increased population as well as people seeking for employment in the area. This is
likely to enhance the development of the centers at surrounding areas. It is also
expected that service providers such as food venders and general viosks (dukas) may
be established and increase during construction phase to provide services to both
skilled and unskilled laborers working in the project site.
This impact will be moderate and will affect the project communities of Karumo and
Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of
the phase the new commercial activities at the project site will persist and grow in
terms of size and magnitude of the services to be provided. After the end of this phase
there will be an induced impacts will be reversible in the sense that the owners of this
109
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
social and commercial activities may develop new strategies to re-construct and re-
develop.
6.5.6 Increased income to local suppliers and service providers
The Population of Karumo village is expected to triple in the next few years as a
result of the ARU-Mwanza campus construction. During construction, the project is
expecting to employ more than two hundred (200) people from outside Karumo
village. Therefore the village will be having more people than before. The change in
population level due to influx of workers and laborers will contribute to the new
market opportunities for small, middle and big business persons. This will increase
money circulation at the area leading to high income to the local suppliers and service
providers.
This is an induced impact, moderate in nature and will affect the project communities
of Karumo and Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding
Nyamatongo ward and Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense
that even at the end of the phase the life f the local suppliers and service providers
will remain improved. It is noted that, after the end of this phase the impacts will
never be reversible (irreversible).
Negative social Impacts
6.5.7 Loss of cultural assets and displacement of ritual sites
Land acquisition, site clearance, establishment of campsite, and trench excavation and
casting of foundations will involve the destruction of some cultural assets and
displacement of ritual sites which are currently available in the proposed area for the
construction of the ARU-Mwanza campus. Currently, three ritual sites were identified
and the local people have agreed to remove those ritual sites out of the proposed
project site. At the time of conducting the ESIA study all the ritual sites styled in the
name of Msambwa were already removed by the local people owning those sites with
financial support from ARU. The ritual sites were shifted to another areas suggested
by the local people (actually the clans owning those Misambwa.
This will bring about moderate negative impact and will directly affect the project
area of Karumo and Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding
Nyamatongo ward and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of
this phase the life the situation will not be restored to its original status. One of the
thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will be reversible in the
sense that the community and clans affected has found another suitable areas for the
cultural assets and ritual sites, hence status quo well maintained.
6.5.8 Community health and safety risks
During the site clearance and demolition, establishment of campsite, and trench
excavation and casting of foundations will involve some activities that may rise in
endangering the lives of the community members living close to those activities. This
in turn will likely to endanger the lives of the local communities in form of accidents
if appropriate measures are not taken. In the areas where raw materials will be taken
like sand, stones and water accidents are likely to happen if appropriate measures are
not taken on board. On the transportation of raw materials to the site, drivers may fail
110
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
to observe safety measures along the road something that may result to accidents to
other road users like pedestrian, motorcyclist, and bodaboda drivers.
This impact will be moderate and will affect the project communities of Karumo and
Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a short-term impact in the sense that at the end of this
phase all the risks will die natural death. Furthermore, the impact will not be pilling
up and no cumulative effects may be witnessed at the end of this phase. That, the
impacts arising out of this are direct, reversible in the sense that the same can be
controlled upon strict use of road safety measures and occupational safety measures.
6.5.9 Loss of livelihood
The proposed project areas are partially used by people for cultivation and livestock
keeping, to mention few. Land acquisition, site clearance and demolition,
establishment of campsite, and trench excavation and casting of foundations in the
proposed will force people who depended on that particular area for their livelihood to
seek for alternative remedy. In short, the use of land for the above activities will
reduce availability of land for the locals or clan and families that used the area for
agriculture and livestock activities.
In the right of the above explanation, this impact will be moderate and will affect the
project communities of Karumo and Kamanga as well as other local communities
surrounding Nyamatongo ward and Sengerema district and will be a medium-term
impact in the sense that Sengerema district council which acquired land from the
locals before the same being sold to ARU as already compensated the locals in terms
of monetary compensation and they have used the same to engage either in the same
kind of livelihood activities or different from the previous ones. Furthermore, the
impact will not be pilling up and no cumulative effects may be witnessed at the end of
this phase. That, the impacts arising out of this are direct, reversible in the sense that
the affected persons were compensated to find for alternative livelihood activities or
areas
6.5.10 Loss of revenue to the government
During pre-construction of the project, the local government will be collecting
revenues from the workers and suppliers of materials to the project. This will end up
when the phase is over. This is because workers will stop being paid and supplier will
no longer sell the materials to the project in this case there will be loss of revenue to
the government.
This impact will be moderate and will affect entire nation in the sense that revenue
collected from the project area not only benefited the local area but also to the entire
nation and will likely to have a short-term impact in the sense that even at the end of
the phase the source of revenues are expected grow in terms of size and services in the
phase next to this, the construction phase. Furthermore, the impact will not be pilling
and no cumulative effects as explained in the previous sentence. One of the important
thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will be direct, reversible in
the sense that the government may propose and or develop strategies to retain the
revenues or even multiplies as the project will be more growing in the stage to follow.
Negative Environmental Impacts
111
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.5.11 Risk of buildings/structural designs to have potential to generate
emergency/disaster events
The design of buildings or structural elements which do not consider the emergencies
due to technical and financial reasons may be prone to structural failure, fire
incidences, flooding, and attraction disease causing agents at the proposed ARU
Mwanza campus. These may ruin the proposed ARU Mwanza campus investment
plans as well as the health and safety of the students, staffs, service providers,
community and physical environment at large. Also, the buildings and structures may
not become user friendly due to failure to consider climate, safety and security issues.
The incompatibility of the buildings design with ARU Mwanza campus masterplan
and failure to meet the design capacity may also affect the intended use of the
buildings hence becoming a white elephant buildings. This risk is projected to be
moderate during construction and high during operation phase (impacts shall be fully
realized during operation phase than the construction phase). The scale of the impact
will be National and Medium term.
6.5.12 Change of habitat
Change in habitat is expected to occur due to change in land use, removal of
vegetation cover and top soils, pollution emanated during construction and
operational phase, and infrastructure development. Plants offer a critical medium to
protect the wide variety of species.
Cleaning of land during the construction phase will remove important
vegetation/plants which serve for different purposes including soil erosion control, air
quality regulation, provide habitats and feeds to some animals including birds, cow,
goat and others. The vegetation cover accounts for about 1,630,508 square meters
(including proposed road reserve areas) of the total ARU-Mwanza Campus area of
which almost 67% will be cleared to provide adequate space for physical facilities for
the University operation, including construction of buildings, wastewater treatment
plant, roads and others.
The university has planned to use 200,000 m2 and 152,974 m2 for botanical gardens
and open space respectively. These areas might serve as the habitats for various plant
and animal species, however introduction of new species in botanical garden might
alter ecological functions within the area due to changes in the soil structure and
deterioration of its quality as a result of erosion and compaction. Further, the
proposed physical features to be constructed will result into the fragmentation of the
existing land as indicated in the baseline and subsequent fragmentation of the habitat.
Habitat fragmentation reduces biodiversity and impairs key ecosystem functions by
decreasing biomass, reducing species persistence, species richness, nutrient retention,
trophic dynamics and altering nutrient cycles. Several animals and plant
species across the world preferring to live in their natural habitat. Change in habitat
will affect their survival and sometime they do shift from their native environment
and adapt to new habitats.
The extent of change of habitat is moderate, local and long term during the life of the
project. The project has a direct negative impact on provision of ecosystem services to
community. The results of the impacts are irreversible, and has some residual impacts
even after the life of the project.
112
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.5.13 Loss of biodiversity
It was observed that ARU-Mwanza Campus site contains different species of plants
which provide habitats and grazing avenues for animals. Presence of the proposed
project will lead to the following.
▪ Cleaning of land during the construction phase will cause the loss of animal
and plant species due to the loss of habitat. Trees provide shelter for some
species also provide the canopy that regulates the temperature, which could
affect biotic component of the ecosystem.
▪ Plant root systems provide habitats for microorganisms. Destroying of the
same will affect microbial community responsible for the water treatment, the
removal of pollutants through phytodegradation and the recycling of nutrients.
▪ Poor disposal of hazardous waste which will be generated during operational
e.g. from laboratories, workshops and others phase may kill some of plant
species and reduce their richness.
The extent of loss of biodiversity is local and long term during the life of the project.
The impact significance is rated minor the local biodiversity of the site. The results of
the impacts are indirect, irreversible, and has some residual impacts even after the
life of the project.
6.5.14 Loss/reduction of ecosystem services
The ARU-Mwanza campus site contains blue, green and grey spaces which are
crucial for ecosystem services. It harbors different plant species which provide
ecosystem services to local communities include supporting, regulating, provisioning
and cultural services’.
▪ Vegetation especially trees are lungs of our planet which help to help to
mitigate carbon dioxide and other toxic greenhouse gas emissions. Cleaning of
the vegetation for development of physical facilities reduce vegetation cover
which is currently sequesters carbon dioxide through photosynthesis process.
Lack of plant species especially trees allows a greater amount of greenhouse
gases to be released into the atmosphere since vegetation are good carbon
sinks or reservoirs. Increasing carbon dioxide levels contributes to greenhouse
gases subsequently global warming.
▪ Presence of pollutants such as dust emanated from construction phase and
transportation during both phases might affect the ability of vegetation to
survive and maintain effective evapotranspiration, which is very important
component in the hydrologic cycle. Trees keep on returning water vapor to the
atmosphere.
▪ Potential soil contamination also might occur during the construction and
operational phases due to poor materials and waste handling practices, spillage
and leaks from construction equipment. This will affect plant growth and limit
their ecological functions.
▪ Trees help in controlling soil erosion by assisting the land to retain water and
topsoil, which also provide the rich nutrients to sustain growth of plants.
Plants bind soil together with their root systems makes it harder to be washed
away by agents of erosion including water, wind and others. Cleaning of the
same will subject the land to soil erosion and floods. Erosion sweeps the soil
from one place to another such as streams and rivers, and if the soil was
exposed to contaminants when leach into the water supply systems will affect
the quality water.
113
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Extent of spread is the impact is local and medium term; with a negative impact on
provision of ecosystem services to community. The impact significance is rated as moderate
without mitigation measures, however with implementation of proper mitigation measures
the impact could be significantly reversed.
6.5.15 Loss of arable land
The community in Karumo ward engage if farming and animal keeping activities. The
proposed establishment of the ARU Mwanza Campus at Karumo Village will lead to
direct loss of about 378Acres of land, (equivalent to 12.1% of the total Karumo
village land), previously used for residences and agricultural activities. The previous
occupiers used the land for small scale cultivation of food crops such as maize,
cassava, sweet potatoes and vegetables; and for animal grazing. Further, the presence
of the Campus at Karumo Village is likely to attract other investors in the area, thus
causing further loss of arable land in the form of land take for other activities such as
recreation, housing and accommodation and business centres.
The loss of arable land may affect farmer’s livelihood, cause a reduction in
agricultural output, and a decrease in farmer’s income, and even contribute to land
conflicts. This is direct negative impact, local, of long term and perceived as of high
sign significance. The impact if further rated irreversible, with cumulative and
residual impacts.
6.5.16 Acceleration of Soil Erosion
Human activities, including land clearing and excavation leave soil vulnerable to
erosion. Soil erosion happens when construction equipment destroy/remove
vegetation, which provides root systems that hold dirt in place and prevent erosion.
Once the soil is loose, the top soils be displaced by both wind and water erosion. The
existence of abandoned sandpits at the proposed site increases the risks of water
caused soil erosion. This is an induced impact, localized and will be short term, only
during the construction phase. The significance of the impact is high, however the
situation is reversible with application of mitigation measures.
6.5.17 Loss of Landscape and scenic view
Like any development, there is a ‘zone of visual intrusion’ from which it can be seen.
These refer to the impacts of landscape change on people: on the views that people
have from their homes, offices, footpaths, cars as they drive past, etc. Construction
activities shall affect the landscape by removing existing landscape features in place
such as trees and replacing them by concrete and gravel surface. If operated at night,
the lights will lead to the increase of light pollution. The following components of the
landscape can be affected by development:
● Physical factors: geology, landform, microclimate, drainage, soil, ecology; and
● Aesthetic factors: proportion, scale, enclosure, texture, colour views as well as
sounds
However, the proposed project components can also change the overall character of
an area to make it look more urban. This is direct impact, localized at the site, long
term during the life of the project and has both cumulative and residual impacts.
114
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.5.18 Land pollution
Construction activities will generate large quantities of waste materials, both liquid
and solid (including hazardous waste), with varying nature, including scrap metal,
plastic, wood, concrete, bricks etc (as described in Chapter two of this report). When
these materials are not properly disposed of, it will contribute to the land pollution
area. Land could also be polluted by oil spills, from machines an equipment,
placement of construction materials on bare land and others.
This is direct impact assessed to be of local scale and short term during construction.
The significance of the impact is high and reversible.
6.5.19 Impacts on surface and ground water quality
The main sources of pollution during preconstruction and construction phases of the
project could be:
▪ Oil spills from construction equipment and vehicle (hydrocarbons (for
example grease, oils and lubricants);
▪ Release of wastewater from domestic and construction activities;
▪ On land disposal of construction wastes and other mixed wastes during the
operation phase;
▪ Runoff on piled construction materials (could potentially contain heavy
metals, leaching from the materials);
▪ Sediments and solids eroded from the surface
The hydrological study of the site indicated that the site is within the Lake Victoria
basin. The Chamihigwa seasonal stream collects surface runoff from the site to the
Lake. It was indicated that site is water lodged during the rainy season. Therefore,
release of any contaminants (solids or liquid) on the land can potentially contaminate
surface runoff, and eventually impair the quality of the water by altering its physical-
chemical parameters of Lake Victoria water, which is the main source of water supply
to the Lake Zone communities. Further, infiltration of contaminated runoff could
potential contaminated groundwater.
Contaminated water could directly affect domestic water quality, render it useless for
irrigation, contaminate food chain and also affect living organisms in water. This is
indirect impact is assessed to be of regional scale (due to the size of Lake Victoria)
and short term during construction. The significance of the impact is high and
irreversible.
6.6 Potential environmental and social impacts during construction phase
Positive social impacts
6.6.1 Jobs creation/Employment opportunities
Due the scope of the proposed construction activities, this phase will be labour
intensive. The selected Contractor is expected to employ about 200 people
(professionals and non-professionals), to be sources both locally and countrywide.
There will also be other indirect employment opportunities/self-employment for
transported of construction materials, suppliers of various goods and services etc. For
example, an increase in restaurants, mama Ntilie will be obvious to meet the increased
115
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
number of the people working at this phase. The increased income to the community
will enhance their economic status. This impact is perceived direct, high significance,
felt at regional scale within Mwanza Region, and will have residual impacts on the
community.
6.6.2 Increase in income generation opportunities
This influx of people and particularly skilled and unskilled laborers in the area will
provide an opportunity for local people to engage in some sort of business activities
that will enable them to get more income compared to the previous time in which
most of them depended on agriculture and farming as their only source of income.
The project will create a new source of income for both the people within Karumo
and Kamanga communities as well as the surrounding communities of Nyamatongo
ward and Sengerema district in general.
This is direct impact, moderate and will affect the project communities of Karumo
and Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of
the phase the created income generation opportunities will leave the lives of the
beneficiaries improved in one way or another. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling
up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the one
associated with them. One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this
phase the impacts will never be reversible hence irreversible.
6.6.3 Changes in lifestyle and quality of life
It is expected that, the increase in employment opportunities both formal and informal
will result to the rise of high wages among the population in the areas as well as the
surrounding communities. This is likelihood to increase their expenditure and
consequently alter their living standard. This will also have a multiplier effect in the
communities that the workers come from and/or reside, as they will for example be
able to pay for school fees as well as buy assets. Apart from that, the influx of people
in the area will result to an increased number of people with mixed culture hence easy
to alter or influence the same to undergo some changes that may be positive or
negative.
This is an induced impact, moderate and will affect the project communities of
Karumo and Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo
ward and Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at
the end of the phase the new lifestyle developed and improved quality of life will
persist. . Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with cumulative effects not only
to those directly involved but also the one associated with them. One of the important
thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will never be reversible
hence irreversible.
6.6.4 Increased skills and impart knowledge to local communities
As noted in the previous paragraph, the construction phase of the proposed buildings
will provide a number of opportunities for both skilled and non-skilled laborers. There
will potentially be training opportunities or practical learning for local people and
116
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
people from different part of the country that will secure employment or casual labour
in the construction of the new ARU Mwanza campus. It is obvious that different
people from the local area and others from different part of the country will be
employed in the project particularly technicians and machine operators during this
phase and consequently acquire necessary skills that will be of paramount important
in their lives, communities and nation in general. This will enable them to improve
their economic activities which will lead to higher income and hence improvement of
their living standards or may use the skills in improving their lives and life of their
fellow community members in the local areas of Karumo, Kamanga and the entire
nation.
This is an induced positive impact, high and are likely to affect the project
communities of Karumo and Kamanga as well as other local communities
surrounding Nyamatongo ward and the nation in general in the sense that even at the
end of the phase the new skills acquired will benefit the entire nation in different
areas. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with cumulative effects not only to
those directly involved but also the one associated with them and the nation at large.
One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will
never be reversible hence irreversible.
6.6.5 Increased Revenues to local and national Authorities
The proposed project development can benefit local communities in terms of income
generating employment that will be generated during the construction phase. This will
allow opportunities within the local business community, such as the provision of
services and supply of goods such as food, hotel and building materials. The local
business community as such would therefore also have more money circulating within
it creating additional spin off effects for improvement of the local economy. It is also
expected that the increased business and investments in the area will give an
opportunity for local government authorities to collect tax and consequently improve
the availability of social services in the area. Overall, as users pay specific taxes and
fees for services, the local and national revenue will increase even before the
commencement of the operational phase.
This is indirect impact, moderate and will affect entire nation in the sense that revenue
collected from the project area will not be used in the local area but rather will
contribute to the nation budget and will likely to have a long-term impact in the sense
that even at the end of the phase the source of incomes developed prior will persist
and grow in terms of size and services. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up
with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the entire nation
that will benefit from the increased government revenues in terms of improved social
services and other government support to the citizen. One of the important thing to
note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will be reversible in the sense that
the government may propose and or develop strategies to retain the revenues or even
multiplies as the project will be more growing in the stage to follow, an operation
phase.
117
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.6.6 Increased commercial and social activities around project locations
It is envisaged that the pre-construction stages of the buildings at Karumo village;
Sengerema district which includes but not limited to; site clearance, establishment of
campsites, and transportation of materials will attract a number of investors from
within and outside surrounding communities to invest in meeting the needs of the
increased population as well as people seeking for employment in the area. This is
likely to enhance the development of the centers at surrounding areas. It is also
expected that service providers such as food venders and general viosks (dukas) may
be established and increase during construction phase to provide services to both
skilled and unskilled laborers working in the project site.
This is direct impact, moderate and will affect the project communities of Karumo
and Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of
the phase the new commercial activities at the project site will persist and grow in
terms of size and magnitude of the services to be provided. . Furthermore, the impact
will be pilling up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also
the one associated with them including local authorities in the area and people they
serve. One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts
will be reversible in the sense that the owners of this social and commercial activities
may develop new strategies to re-construct and re- develop or even multiplies the
interventions as the project will be more growing in the next stages to follow in the
project cycle.
6.6.7 Increased income to local suppliers and service providers
The Population of Karumo village is expected to triple in the next few years as a
result of the ARU-Mwanza campus construction. During construction, the project is
expecting to employ more than two hundred (200) people from outside Karumo
village. Therefore the village will be having more people than before. The change in
population level due to influx of workers and laborers will contribute to the new
market opportunities for small, middle and big business persons. This will increase
money circulation at the area leading to high income to the local suppliers and service
providers.
This direct impact, moderate and will affect the project communities of Karumo and
Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of
the phase the life f the local suppliers and service providers will remain improved.
Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with cumulative effects not only to those
directly involved but also the one associated with them. One of the important thing to
note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will never be reversible hence
irreversible.
6.6.8 Increased land values
Upon commencement of the construction activities for Ardhi University at Mwanza
will change the land status at Karumo area; Sengerema district, as well as the land at
surrounding villages (Kamanga and the entire Nyamatongo ward). Land owners have
the understanding that the introduction of the campus will cause their land to add
118
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
value and therefore they have to plan for it and obtain title deeds. The title deeds will
help them to obtain loans from financial institutions which will be used for different
purposes like; improving their houses, paying for health services, education services
etc. adding value to the land and the same will have a sustainable effect to the people
in the local area.
This direct positive impact, high and are likely to affect the project communities of
Karumo and Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo
ward for a long-term. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with cumulative
effects not only to those directly involved but also the one associated with them in the
local area. One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the
impacts will never be reversible hence irreversible and will have a residual impacts.
Potential negative social impacts
6.6.9 Population Increase and increased pressure on social services
Residences in the project area and surrounding communities do not have sufficient
social and infrastructural services provided to them such as in the areas of health,
education and water. In view of this, the influx of people in the project area will
increase pressure on the already limited social infrastructure and may without the
taking of steps to alleviate this place a heavy additional burden on the existing service
delivery system. During the construction phase I is expected that more than 200
people will resides within these communities causing burden and pressure on the
available limited social services.
This direct negative impacts, moderate and are likely to affect the entire region
surrounding the project area for a long-term. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling
up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the one
associated with them in the region. One of the important thing to note is that, after the
end of this phase the impacts will never be reversible hence irreversible and will have
a residual impacts.
6.6.10 Increased in level of crimes
It is expected that the selection and design stage will recruit a considerable number of
workers both skilled and non-skilled from the communities around and other from the
nearby communities. In addition, the project will attract people from various areas to
come and invest the provisions of good and services. The increase in Population
increase will stimulate the growth of the trading centres around the project site.
Experience and sociological point of view show that where there is a big
concentration of people from various backgrounds and behaviour, levels of crimes
and changes in norms and behaviour are common. This is also is likely to be the case
of the trading centers around the project sites like Kamanga village, Karumo village
and other nearby areas.
This direct impacts, negative in nature at a moderate level and will cover the local
areas surrounding the project like Karumo, Kamanga and the entire area of
Nyamatongo ward. The impacts arising from this will be moderate and are likely to
affect the entire region surrounding the project area for a long-term. One of the
important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will be
reversible in the sense that ARU in cooperation with local authorities and police force
may set up strategies to reduce and combat crimes.
119
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.6.11 Food Insecurity
The stakeholders that were involved in this study have raised their concerns about
shortage of food that may arise at the project site due to influx of workers during
construction phase causing pressure on available areas for sources of food. In our
focus group discussion with village council members, they argued that the
development of this project would likely to attract many people to come and settle in
their villages increasing demand of foods and services. This is likely to cause a lot of
chaos and inflation of prices on goods and services including food services.
This is indirect negative impacts, moderate and are likely to affect the entire region
surrounding the project area for a long-term. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling
up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the one
associated with them in the region. One of the important thing to note is that, after the
end of this phase the impacts will be reversible as relevant strategies may be
employed to reduce the state of food insecurity.
6.6.12 Community health and safety risks
During the construction phase, some activities that may rise in endangering the lives
of the community members living close to those activities. This in turn will likely to
endanger the lives of the local communities in form of accidents if appropriate
measures are not taken. In the areas where raw materials will be taken like sand,
stones and water accidents are likely to happen if appropriate measures are not taken
on board. On the transportation of raw materials to the site, drivers may fail to
observe safety measures along the road something that may result to accidents to
other road users like pedestrian, motorcyclist, and bodaboda drivers.
This direct impact, moderate and will affect the project communities of Karumo and
Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a short-term impact in the sense that at the end of this
phase all the risks will die natural death. Furthermore, the impact will not be pilling
up and no cumulative effects may be witnessed at the end of this phase. That, the
impacts arising out of this are reversible in the sense that the same can be controlled
upon strict use of OSHA safety measures.
6.6.13 Prevalence of Communicable diseases
Influx of job speculators from other parts of Tanzania and neighboring regions will
increase interaction, consequently increasing the risk of getting HIV/AIDS infections
and other communicable diseases. That, the growth of trading centers in the area will
attract different businesses and different people to the extent that the level of
prostitution will also increase in the area provided that there will be employees from
other areas of the country. Increased prevalence of communicable diseases like
HIV/AIDS will likely to happen and consequently result to the increased number of
orphans and single parenting in the project area.
120
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.6.14 Loss of livelihood
The proposed project areas are partially used by people for cultivation and livestock
keeping, to mention few. Land acquisition, site clearance and demolition,
establishment of campsite, and trench excavation and casting of foundations in the
proposed will force people who depended on that particular area for their livelihood to
seek for alternative remedy. In short, the use of land for the above activities will
reduce availability of land for the locals or clan and families that used the area for
agriculture and livestock activities.
In the right of the above explanation, this is direct impact, moderate and will affect
the project communities of Karumo and Kamanga as well as other local communities
surrounding Nyamatongo ward and Sengerema district and will be a medium-term
impact in the sense that Sengerema district council which acquired land from the
locals before the same being sold to ARU as already compensated the locals in terms
of monetary compensation and they have used the same to engage either in the same
kind of livelihood activities or different from the previous ones. Furthermore, the
impact will not be pilling up and no cumulative effects may be witnessed at the end of
this phase. That, the impacts arising out of this are reversible in the sense that the
affected persons were compensated to find for alternative livelihood activities or areas
Impacts on physical environment
The ESS3 ‘Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management’
recognizes that development projects often generate pollution to air, water, and land,
and consume finite resources that may threaten people, ecosystem services and the
environment. Impacts caused by pollution are described hereunder:
Negative Environmental Impacts
6.6.15 Air Pollution
As per the IFC guidelines on Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality Guidelines,
construction and pre construction phases will be associated with emissions from
construction equipment and vehicles, fugitive emissions from the workshops
(hydrocarbons), emissions from small combustion processes used to deliver
electrical or mechanical power, regardless of the fuel type, with a total, rated heat
input capacity of between three Megawatt thermal (MWth) and 50
MWth.
Further, there will also be an increase in levels of fugitive dust from the construction
activities mainly due to vegetation clearance, foundation excavation, movements of
heavy machinery and windblown dust from bare land and piled construction
materials. This may cause localized temporary disturbance to workers at construction
sites and areas where sand and aggregates will be sources. Air pollutants have a range
of health and environmental impacts. Exposure to hydrocarbons has impacts varying
from mild to chronic effects. Respirable particulates are a public health hazard and
may otherwise create considerable nuisances to the public and fauna. Deposition of
dust on the site vegetation will interfere with plants photosynthesis process.
The level of air pollution will be judged in comparison with ambient air quality
standards (see Chapter 9). This is direct impact of medium significance, international
121
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
concern, long term and irreversible. Further, the impact has both cumulative (since
there are also other existing sources) and residual impacts.
6.6.16 Increased Greenhouse gas generation
According to the ESS1, the current and projected atmospheric concentration of
greenhouse gases (GHG) threatens the welfare of current and future generations. The
construction of the proposed ARU Mwanza Campus is associated with GHGN
emissions from cars, equipment, plants etc. Various internal combustion engines will
release GHGs notably carbon-dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and ssmall quantities of
noxious gases such as Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Sulphur Oxides (SOx) and
hydrocarbons. The generation and emission rate will depend on equipment type, road
condition, speed of vehicles, quantities of equipment, duration, and prevailing
atmospheric conditions, particularly wind and moisture of the air. The main source of
emission of atmospheric pollutants will emanate from mobile sources-the exhaust
engines (trucks/tipper, wheel loaders). Table 6.4 shows the emission factors of the
various construction equipment and vehicles, and approximated emissions.
Table 6.4: Emission of construction equipment and vehicles
S/ Type Quantity Emission factors Total Emission
N (Giunta et al., 2019)
CO - NOx - CO g/day NOx g /day
g/hp-hr g/hp-hr
1 Excavator 1 0.75 4.31 0.34 1.90
2 Bulldozer 1 0.94 4.67 0.42 2.09
3 Trucks 5 11.24 15.27 25.12 34.13
4 Motor 1 0.75 4.31 0.34 1.90
grader
5 Compactor 1 0.94 4.67 0.42 2.09
6 Crane 2 170 260 340 520
Analysis of baseline air quality indicated that the quality of air is good. Based on
these findings, the level of the emissions of the precursory pollutants and the
atmospheric pollutants from mobile sources will vary from day to day, according to
the type of activity done during construction. However, even if the impact is very
limited in time, it does not remain the same depending on the weather conditions. Of
this fact the intensity of the impact of the construction of the project on air pollution
was evaluated to be direct negative impact, cumulative, global, short term and
moderate significance.
6.6.17 Contribution to Climate Changes
The IFC identifies the energy, transport and waste management sectors among other
to be the major sources of GHGs. Transportation of construction materials and the
labour force, use of fossil fuels for energy (combustion engines) and waste
management activities have high potential for emission of greenhouse gases such SO2,
CH4 and CO2. The project will contribute to climate change in two ways. Firstly, it
will be through generation of Greenhouse Gas emissions. Secondly, the project is
122
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
expected to reduce CO2 sequestration due to reduction of vegetated area of the
campus.
The production of greenhouse gases has long‐term consequences on a planetary level.
This is indirect impact considered high significance, long term and of international
concern. Further the impact is irreversible, has cumulative impacts (baseline
indicated that waste burning is common practices, thus potential for GHG emissions)
and has residual impacts.
6.6.18 Reduction of CO2 Sequestration Potential
The ESS1 recognised CO2 sequestration potential as one category of the Ecosystem
Services (i.e. regulating services). Vegetation clearance during construction activities
will reduce the CO2 sequestration process. About 67% of the total Campus area (i.e.
153Ha or 1.53Km2) will be cleared (equivalent to 1.025 km2). Destruction of
1,025,000m2 will potentially reduce Carbon dioxide sequestration and hence
reduction of global efforts towards climate change mitigation. It is estimated that, a
forest can absorb 162 g C/m2 to 168 g C/m2 annually (Getter et al. 2009). Therefore
the potential reduction of about (166,066,200 – 172,216,800) g C/m2 is expected.
6.6.19 Increased Noise level during Construction
The baseline noise monitoring indicated that noise level at the site ranged from 40-47
dBA, which is below national and IFC standards for daytime exposure. The Tanzania
Standard limits (TZS) guidelines require noise emission levels to be less than 55 dBA
during the day within residential/institution areas. The proposed project activities will
inevitably increase noise level. Noises from vehicles, equipment, construction crew,
etc may rather be significant. Noise beyond some level (70dBA) is itself a nuisance
and need to be avoided. This impact is local (at the proposed site) of moderate
significance moderate and short term during the construction phase. The impact is
direct, reversible , and is cumulative (adding to the existing noise level).
6.6.20 Increased vibration
Construction activity can result in varying degrees of ground vibration, depending on
equipment and methods employed. Vibration will be produced by construction
vehicles, plant and machinery during delivery of materials, processing of materials,
and actual construction work. The Construction activities that typically generate the
most severe vibrations are blasting and impact pile driving for foundation. Due to an
increase in activities and number of operational vehicles, the impacts of vibration
include causing disturbance to neighbours and physical damage to properties near the
construction site. This is direct impact, moderate, localized and will be medium term.
6.6.21 Generation of Waste and Hazardous during Construction
The construction industry produce a significant amount of wastes. Studies have
indicated that construction waste can be as high as 10 to 15% of the materials utilized
123
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
for the construction works. Thus, the amount of construction waste generated could be
as high and the total amount of various materials use in the construction of the ARU
Mwanza Campus. Examples of waste generated could include various building
materials such as nails, electrical wiring, shingle, concrete, damaged bricks,
insulations, dredging materials, rubble, etc. Some of the adverse impacts of the
construction wastes include the following:
▪ Some of the construction wastes are difficult to dispose of and have no
residual value (cannot be re used or recycled. This has impacts on waste
management costs in terms of transportation, land required for disposal, and
costs for establishing suitable disposal sites.
▪ Some of the construction wastes when exposed to moist environment, can
release hazardous components such as lead, and other metal ions (i.e. Cu. Fe,
Zn etc), than can contaminate land, and water resources. Such contamination
can potentially enter the food chain and cause health effects to humans and
other organisms.
Further impacts could also arise from improper disposal of food waste & packaging
materials and human wastes generated onsite by the construction workers. Haphazard
disposal of food waste will attract scavenged birds, insects and rodents, which are
diseases vectors. Human wastes carry infectious pathogens. Improper discharge or
open defecation on the environment will contaminate soils, and pathogens can be
carried by runoff to receiving water bodies, where they will contaminated water
resources. Contamination of water resources and foods by pathogen can result in
eruption of diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery and diarrhoea. The
significance of this impact is high. The spread of the impact is local, and short term
during construction. The impact is direct, revisable, but has cumulative impacts.
6.6.22 Wastewater Management problems
The types of wastewater generated during construction activities include sewage, grey
water and process water. Sewage effluent will be produced in the sanitary facilities
provided and collected on site. Septic waste produced if not well disposed will also
pose a problem to human health. This will be particularly severe if the waste is not
collected directly and / or is released directly into the environment without any
treatment. Grey sewage will pose less of a direct problem to human health but will be
produced in large quantities in the camps. Further, process water generated from
batching plants, equipment maintenance centres and ordinary sites will contain
chemicals with deleterious effects. Wastewater if discharge in the natural environment
can pollute environment and causing unhygienic sanitary conditions and nuisances to
the human perceptions. The significance of the impact is moderate as the impact is
direct, localised, short term and reversible.
6.7 POTENTIAL IMPACTS DURING THE OPERATION PHASE
Potential Positive Social Impacts
6.7.1 Diversification of Ardhi University
The proposed new campus will definitely make ARU a bigger university, with more
learning facilities. More student’s enrolment and an increase diversity of courses
offered. This will bring both social and economic benefits to the nation. Also the
proposed project components shall provide adequate and conducive space for training,
seminars, workshops etc. This is direct impact, high significance, and could be felt
124
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
national level. The project will leave its mark, even after decommissioning, (those
who gained knowledge will continue to benefit the nation).
6.7.2 Job Creation and employment opportunities
During this phase, people shall be employed by the University to conducts a number
of activities at the campus including both academic and administrative activities.
During this phase it is expected that more than 10,090 students will be registered at
the University calling for higher demand of both staff and non-staff amounting to 502.
In additional to that, there will be an increase of self-employment due to the higher
demands and supply of various goods and services for people working at the campus
as well as students studying at the campus. For example, an increase in restaurants,
bars, hotels, mama Ntilie will be obvious to meet the increased number of the people
working in the site.
This direct positive impact, high and are likely to affect large area as the project will
pileup from the local area to International level (it is expected that some of the
students and teachers may come out of the country) and will be a long-term impact in
the sense that even at the end of the phase the created employment and business
opportunity will leave the lives of those employed improved in one way or another.
Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with cumulative effects not only to those
directly involved but also the one associated with them. One of the important thing to
note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will never be reversible hence
irreversible.
6.7.3 Increase in income generation opportunities
This influx of people and particularly students amounting to 10,090 at the University
calling for higher demand of both staff and non-staff amounting to 502 in the area will
provide an opportunity for local people to engage in some sort of business activities
that will enable them to get more income compared to the previous time in which
most of them depended on agriculture and farming as their only source of income.
The project will create a new source of income for both the people within Karumo
and Kamanga communities as well as the surrounding communities of Nyamatongo
ward and Sengerema district in general.
This is direct impact, high and will affect the project communities of Karumo and
Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of
the phase the created income generation opportunities will leave the lives of the
beneficiaries improved in one way or another. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling
up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the one
associated with them. One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this
phase the impacts will never be reversible hence irreversible.
6.7.4 Changes in lifestyle and quality of life
It is expected that, the increase in employment opportunities both formal and informal
will result to the rise of high wages among the population in the areas as well as the
surrounding communities. This is likelihood to increase their expenditure and
consequently alter their living standard. This will also have a multiplier effect in the
125
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
communities that the workers come from, as they will for example be able to pay for
school fees as well as buy assets such as bicycles and radios. Apart from that, the
influx of people in the area will result to an increased number of people with mixed
culture hence easy to alter or influence the same to undergo some changes that may be
positive or negative.
This induced impact, high and will affect the project communities of Karumo and
Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of
the phase the new lifestyle developed and improved quality of life will persist. .
Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with cumulative effects not only to those
directly involved but also the one associated with them. One of the important thing to
note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will never be reversible hence
irreversible.
6.7.5 Increased skills and impart knowledge to local communities
As noted above, the operation phase of the University will register and train up to
10,090 students in different phase till its full capacity of the campus. In addition to
that, there will potentially be training opportunities or practical learning for local
people who will be employed in the project particularly staff and non-staff during this
phase and consequently acquire necessary skills that will be of paramount important
in their lives. During operation, the university will offer some short courses to help
people to acquire necessary skills used to perform their daily activities. This will
enable them to improve their economic activities which will lead to higher income
and hence improvement of their living standards.
This indirect impact, high and will affect the entire nation as well as education system
and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of the phase the new
skills and knowledge acquired will be necessary in improving their own life as well as
contributing t the development of the nation. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling
up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the one
associated with them. One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this
phase the impacts will never be reversible hence irreversible and will have residual
impacts.
6.7.6 Increase of academic facilities in Mwanza Region
The ARU-Mwanza campus is expecting to work in cooperation with other related
academic institutions in Mwanza. The nearby institutions will benefit from the
campus through outreach services, short courses or using university resources like
laboratories, machines. This will reduce cost to the institutions which had to travel a
long distance to seek for the similar services. The long term relationships for the
institutions will improve the quality of education in Mwanza and country at large.
This direct impact, high and will affect the entire nation as well as education system
in Tanzania and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of the
phase the new skills and knowledge acquired will be necessary in improving their
own life as well as contributing to the development of the nation. Furthermore, the
impact will be pilling up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved
126
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
but also the one associated with them. One of the important thing to note is that, after
the end of this phase the impacts will never be reversible hence irreversible and will
have residual impacts.
6.7.7 Increased Revenues to local and national Authorities
The proposed project development can benefit local communities in terms of income
generating employment. This will allow opportunities within the local business
community, such as the provision of services and supply of goods such as food, hotel
and building materials. The local business community as such would therefore also
have more money circulating within it creating additional spin off effects for
improvement of the local economy. It is also expected that the increased business and
investments in the area will give an opportunity for local government authorities to
collect tax and consequently improve the availability of social services in the area.
Overall, as users pay specific taxes and fees for services, the local and national
revenue will increase even before the commencement of the operational phase.
This indirect impact, high and will affect entire nation in the sense that revenue
collected from the project area will not be used in the local area but rather will
contribute to the nation budget and will likely to have a long-term impact in the sense
that even at the end of the phase the source of incomes developed prior will persist
and grow in terms of size and services. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up
with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the entire nation
that will benefit from the increased government revenues in terms of improved social
services and other government support to the citizen. One of the important thing to
note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will be reversible in the sense that
the government may propose and or develop strategies to retain the revenues or even
multiplies it.
6.7.8 Increased commercial and social activities around project locations
It is envisaged that the pre-construction stages of the buildings at Karumo village;
Sengerema district which includes but not limited to; site clearance, establishment of
campsites, and transportation of materials will attract a number of investors from
within and outside surrounding communities to invest in meeting the needs of the
increased population as well as people seeking for employment in the area. This is
likely to enhance the development of the centers at surrounding areas. It is also
expected that service providers such as food venders and general viosks (dukas) may
be established and increase during construction phase to provide services to both
skilled and unskilled laborers working in the project site.
This direct impact, high and will affect the project communities of Karumo and
Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of
the phase the new commercial activities at the project site will persist and grow in
terms of size and magnitude of the services to be provided. . Furthermore, the impact
will be pilling up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also
the one associated with them including local authorities in the area and people they
serve. One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts
will be reversible in the sense that the owners of this social and commercial activities
127
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
may develop new strategies to re-construct and re- develop or even multiplies the
interventions.
6.7.9 Increased income to local suppliers and service providers
The Population of Karumo village is expected to triple in the next few years as a
result of the ARU-Mwanza campus construction. During construction, the project is
expecting to employ more than 502 staffs and 10,090 students from different part of
the country. Therefore the village will be having more people than before. The change
in population level due to influx of workers and laborers will contribute to the
new market opportunities for small, middle and big business persons. This will
increase money circulation at the area leading to high income to the local suppliers
and service providers.
This is direct impact, moderate and will affect the project communities of Karumo
and Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense that even at the end of
the phase the life f the local suppliers and service providers will remain improved.
Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with cumulative effects not only to those
directly involved but also the one associated with them. One of the important thing to
note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will never be reversible hence
irreversible.
6.7.10 Increased land values
Upon commencement of the operation activities for Ardhi University at Mwanza will
change the land status at Karumo area; Sengerema district, as well as the land at
surrounding villages (Kamanga and the entire Nyamatongo ward). Land owners have
the understanding that the introduction of the campus will cause their land to add
value and therefore they have to plan for it and obtain title deeds. The title deeds will
help them to obtain loans from financial institutions which will be used for different
purposes like; improving their houses, paying for health services, education services
etc. adding value to the land and the same will have a sustainable effect to the people
in the local area.
This is direct positive impact, high and are likely to affect the project communities of
Karumo and Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo
ward for a long-term. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with cumulative
effects not only to those directly involved but also the one associated with them in the
local area. One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the
impacts will never be reversible hence irreversible and will have a residual impacts.
Negative Social Impacts
6.7.11 Population Increase and increased pressure on social services
Residences in the project area and surrounding communities do not have sufficient
social and infrastructural services provided to them such as in the areas of health,
education and water. In view of this, the influx of people in the project area will
increase pressure on the already limited social infrastructure and may without the
taking of steps to alleviate this place a heavy additional burden on the existing service
128
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
delivery system. During the operation phase it is expected that more than 10,090
students and 502 employees of ARU will resides within these communities causing
burden and pressure on the available limited social services.
This is direct negative impacts, high and are likely to affect the entire region
surrounding the project area for a long-term. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling
up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the one
associated with them in the region. One of the important thing to note is that, after the
end of this phase the impacts will never be reversible hence irreversible and will have
a residual impacts.
6.7.12 Increased in level of crimes
It is expected that the operation phase will recruit more than 502 staffs and 10,090
students from the communities around and other from within and outside the country.
In addition, the project will attract people from various areas to come and invest the
provisions of good and services. The increase in Population increase will stimulate the
growth of the trading centres around the project site. Experience and sociological
point of view show that where there is a big concentration of people from various
backgrounds and behaviour, levels of crimes and changes in norms and behaviour are
common. This is also is likely to be the case of the trading centers around the project
sites like Kamanga village, Karumo village and other nearby areas.
This is direct impacts, negative in nature at a high level and will cover the local areas
surrounding the project like Karumo, Kamanga and the entire area of Nyamatongo
ward. The impacts arising from this will be moderate and are likely to affect the entire
region surrounding the project area for a long-term. One of the important thing to note
is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will be reversible in the sense that ARU
in cooperation with local authorities and police force may set up strategies to reduce
and combat crimes.
6.7.13 Food Insecurity
The stakeholders that were involved in this study have raised their concerns about
shortage of food that may arise at the project site due to influx of employees, students
and investors causing pressure on available areas for sources of food. In our focus
group discussion with village council members, they argued that the development of
this project would likely to attract many people to come and settle in their villages
increasing demand of foods and services. This is likely to cause a lot of chaos and
inflation of prices on goods and services including food services.
This indirect negative impacts, high and are likely to affect the entire region
surrounding the project area for a long-term. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling
up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the one
associated with them in the region. One of the important thing to note is that, after the
end of this phase the impacts will be reversible as relevant strategies may be
employed to reduce the state of food insecurity.
6.7.14 Increased traffic flow and increased risks of road/ferry accidents
During the operation, some activities that may rise in endangering the lives of the
community members living close to those activities. This in turn will likely to
129
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
endanger the lives of the local communities in form of accidents if appropriate
measures are not taken. In the areas. On the transportation of raw materials and
students as well as different individuals to the site, drivers may fail to observe safety
measures along the road something that may result to accidents to other road users
like pedestrian, motorcyclist, and bodaboda drivers. The increased congestion of
people and vehicles at the project site as stated above will cause multiple routes on the
roads and sea. The multiple routes of vehicles will increase the chances of roads and
ferry accidents. This may cause loss of people lives which can lead to
misunderstanding between local people and their government.
This indirect impact, high and will affect the project communities of Karumo and
Kamanga as well as other local communities surrounding Nyamatongo ward and
Sengerema district and will be a long-term impact in the sense that at the end of this
phase all the risks will die natural death. Furthermore, the impact will not be pilling
up and no cumulative effects may be witnessed at the end of this phase. One of the
important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will never be
reversible hence irreversible and will have a residual impacts.
6.7.15 Prevalence of Communicable diseases
Influx of students and employees from different part of the country (more than 502
staffs and 10,090 students from other parts of Tanzania and neighboring regions) will
increase interaction, consequently increasing the risk of getting HIV/AIDS infections
and other communicable diseases. That, the growth of trading centers in the area will
attract different businesses and different people to the extent that the level of
prostitution will also increase in the area provided that there will be employees from
other areas of the country. Increased prevalence of communicable diseases like
HIV/AIDS will likely to happen and consequently result to the increased number of
orphans and single parenting in the project area as well as increased level of
communicable diseases.
This is an induced impact, high and its effect will go internationally due to the fact
that currently the world is like a village and that the Campus will attract both local
and International students and will be a long-term impact. Furthermore, the impact
will not be pilling up and no cumulative effects may be witnessed at the end of this
phase. One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the
impacts will be reversible in the sense that some strategies may be employed to
reduce or control the transmission of communicable diseases.
6.7.16 Price inflation of goods and services
Residences in the project area and surrounding communities do not have sufficient
social and infrastructural services provided to them such as in the areas of health,
education and water. In view of this, the influx of people in the project area will
increase pressure on the already limited social infrastructure and may without the
taking of steps to alleviate this place a heavy additional burden on the existing service
delivery system. The high demand on goods and services by the increased number of
people at the project site will lead to the price inflation of goods and services which
will result to failure of some members of the community to buy or access the social
services.
130
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
During the operation phase it is expected that more than 10,090 students and 502
employees of ARU will resides within these communities causing inflation of goods
and services. This negative impacts arising from this will be high and are likely to
affect the local communities for a long-term. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling
up with cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the one
associated within the area. One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of
this phase the impacts will never be reversible hence irreversible and will have a
residual impacts.
6.7.17 Increased incidence of GBV/SEA/SH
ARU-Mwanza campus will be one of the major University projects in Sengerema
district. Normally, projects like this can be a high-risk environment for GBV affecting
community members, workers and service users. GBV risks can intensify within local
communities when there are large influxes of male workers from outside the area.
Such workers often come without their families and have large disposable incomes
relative to the local community, and can pose a risk in terms of sexual harassment,
violence and exploitative transactional relationships. These risks are higher where
workers come into close contact with the local community, for example on access
routes or when living together in remote areas. Addressing gender based violence in
construction projects improves workers’ physical and emotional wellbeing and
strengthens occupational health and safety also builds relationships and social license
to operate in communities.
This is direct negative impacts, high and are likely to affect the local communities for
a mid-term. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with cumulative effects not
only to those directly involved but also the one associated within the area. One of the
important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will be
reversible hence hence no residual impacts.
6.7.18 Restrictions on use of access road to Karumo village
There is a community road used by pedestrians and cyclists passing through the
project site from Kamanga-Geita main road to Karumo village. Currently people are
free to use the road all the time but when the project takes off, there will be some
restrictions especially through the night durations for security purposes. This may
cause chaos to the community members who have used the road freely throughout
their life time. In order to reduce disturbance to community members, an alternative
road must be constructed or improving the existing alternative roads
This is direct negative impacts, high and are likely to affect the local communities for
a long-term. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with cumulative effects not
only to those directly involved but also the one associated within the area. One of the
important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase the impacts will be
reversible hence no residual impacts.
131
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.7.19 Change in social values and ethics
During operation phase of the project new people from different places of the country
and outside the country will be employed and live at the project site. People with
different values and ethics will have to live together with the local communities. In
this case it is expected that the local community will have a lot to learn from the
people. If the introduced values and ethics will not be good according to the local,
national and international standards then the local community will be impacted
negatively. Once the community is affected at the project site, the effects will soon be
felt at the local and national levels.
During the operation phase it is expected that more than 10,090 students and 502
employees of ARU will resides within these communities causing change in social
values and ethics. This is indirect negative impacts, high and are likely to affect the
local communities for a long-term. Furthermore, the impact will be pilling up with
cumulative effects not only to those directly involved but also the one associated
within the area. One of the important thing to note is that, after the end of this phase
the impacts will never be reversible hence irreversible and will have a residual
impacts.
Impacts on physical environment
6.7.20 Impacts on surface and ground water quality
The main sources of pollution during the operation phase include:
▪ Contaminated runoff from parking lots (containing hydrocarbons grease, oils
and lubricants);
▪ Discharge of untreated wastewater from wastewater treatment facilities;
▪ Improper solid waste disposal;
▪ Release of wastewater from domestic and construction activities;
Contaminated runoff could potentially contaminated Chamihigwa seasonal stream,
and eventually impair the quality of Lake Victoria water, by altering its physical-
chemical nature. Since the Lake is the main source of water supply to the Lake Zone
communities, its contamination could directly affect domestic water supply quality,
render it useless for irrigation, contaminate food chain and also affect living
organisms in water. This impact is assessed to be regional scale (due to the size of
Lake Victoria) and medium. The significance of the impact is high and irreversible.
6.7.21 Increased runoff/storm water
Development of the propose site, including construction of structures and paved areas
will significantly reduce surface area for storm water infiltration and uptake by plants.
The vegetation cover of the site is about 1,630,508 square meters, of which 67% will
be cleared to provide adequate space for physical facilities. The amount of storm
water generated is estimated in chapter II. The increased surface runoff could
potentially accelerate soil erosion and increase sediment transfer and pollution load to
Lake Victoria. This is direct impact, moderate significance, local scale and of long
term. The impact is reversible with proper mitigation, however, it is cumulative in
nature.
132
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.7.22 Health and safety risks due to fire hazards
Buildings are very prone to fire hazards because of different types of combustible
materials and machines, which are used and installed, respectively. Electrical fault is
by large the main culprit in fire accidents in buildings in Tanzania. The components
of a fire are fuel (combustible substance), heat and oxygen. Some chemicals used in
laboratories and training workshops may also cause fire eruption if not handled
appropriately. Unless all three are present fire will not occur. Fire can cause the
following effects:
i. Loss of lives;
ii. Serious Injuries;
iii. Loss of properties etc.
This is direct impact, moderate, local and will be long term.
6.7.23 Contribution to Climate Changes during the operation phase
The operation of the Mwanza ARU Campus will contribute to Climate change in
terms of emissions from energy (use electric appliances, utilisation of biomass/
electricity in cooking); transportation (emissions from diesel and petrol vehicles) and
waste management (i.e. CH4 emission from waste decomposition, CO2 from waste
burners) sectors. There will also be minor emission of hydrocarbons from printing
devices. The IFS guidelines on GHGs emissions recognises these sector as major
contributors to climate change. Emissions from these sector, by the project have been
quantified in chapter II. The production of greenhouse gases has long‐term
consequences on a planetary level. This is indirect impacts, high significance, long
term and of international concern. Further the impact is irreversible, has cumulative
impacts (baseline indicated that waste burning is common practices, thus potential for
GHG emissions) and has residual impacts.
6.7.24 Impacts/risks associated with generation of solid waste during operation
phase
Operation of the Campus will result in generation of solid wastes, including paper
wastes, plastics, rubbish yard wastes, floor sweepings etc. there will also be food
wastes from operation in the kitchens and dining areas, food packaging materials and
containers.
▪ Food waste is highly putrescible, and will decompose within few hours, producing
foul smells that will attract scavenger organisms, flies and other disease vectors.
▪ Haphazard disposal of solid waste will be a threat to public health. Scavenger
animals can spread the waste to the nearby community areas, and result in eruption
of diseases, especially those transmitted by flies and rodents.
▪ Solid wastes, if they end up in water ways, will block water flow, and interfere the
local hydrology.
▪ The Sengerema DC has no sanitary landfill, thus collected waste material will be
disposed in the designated waste dump. This has high potential for land
contamination by the wastes and leachate (during the rain seasons).
133
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Another impact is on air quality and Climate Change in case waste is burned. Burning
of solid waste (which is a common practice in the project areas, due to lack of
coordinated waste management services) will result in emission pf greenhouse gases,
hence have impacts on local air quality and contribute to the global climate change.
The significance of this impact is high, the scale of impact is local, and medium term.
The impact is direct, irreversible, and hascumulative effects.
6.7.25 Impacts/Risks of liquid waste generation during operation phase
Significant amount of wastewater will be generated from toilets bathrooms, kitchen,
and laundry areas. At peak, the university will have about 10,000 people. High
volumes of wastes water will be generated and treated onsite before disposal (se
chapter II). Improper management of wastewater has a number of impacts/risks as
listed hereunder;
▪ Human wastes (faeces and urine) is rich in pathogens, bacteria and nutrients. If
not properly disposed can contaminate food (via flies). When deposited in
open land, it can contaminate soils and surface runoff, which will eventually
contaminate surface water and ground water. Exposure to contaminated food
or water can result into many health problems, including disease outbreaks
(i.e. diarrhoea, typhoid and cholera).
▪ Domestic wastewater is rich in nutrients, hence can cause eutrophication of
receiving water bodies (Lake Victoria);
▪ Oils and grease in sullage, if not separated, removed and treated can cause
toxicity in aquatic environment;
▪ Chemicals in soap detergents can cause toxicity in soil and aquatic organisms;
▪ Contamination of land and water resources could potentially contaminated the
food chain
This impact will be felt locally, but in case of Lake Water contamination, the impact
is rated at regional level and of medium term. The significance of the impact is high.
The impact is direct, reversible and has cumulative impacts.
6.7.26 Generation of Hazardous waste during the operation phase
During the operation phase of the project, hazardous wastes will be generated from
laboratory activities, involving the use of chemicals; oils, lubricants and containers,
and contaminated rugs from the training workshop; cut materials (plastics, metals and
similar) etc. Hazardous wastes will be generated from the health care facility (i.e.
infection wastes, sharp objects, and chemicals). Table 6.5 provides a summary of
impacts from various waste types and their associated risks/impacts is presented
hereunder
134
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table 6.5: Waste types and associated risks
HAZARDOUS IMPACTS/RISKS
WASTE TYPE
Health-care waste contains potentially harmful microorganisms that
can ready infect any exposed person. Some wastes may include drug-
resistant microorganisms which may spread from the campus into the
environment.
Risks and adverse health impacts associated with exposure may
Medical Waste include:
generated in the ▪ Infectious medical waste can cause disease in humans either
health care through direct contact or indirectly by contamination of soil,
facilities
ground or surface water and air.
▪ Accidents: sharps-inflicted injuries;
▪ Health impacts associated with toxic exposure to pharmaceutical
products, in particular, antibiotics and cytotoxic drugs;
Further, haphazard burning of medical waste may cause air pollution
and health problem associated with inhalation of toxic substances
such as mercury gas or dioxins.
Most rechargeable batteries contain toxic metals such as cadmium,
cobalt, lead, nickel, lithium etc. Improper disposal of batteries may
contribute to water and air pollution.
Waste Batteries When depleted batteries are thrown into the environment, they decay
(Single and leak the toxic metals. As batteries corrode, their chemicals soak
batteries, into soil and contaminate soils, groundwater and surface water.
reachable ▪ Leached toxic materials released into the environment may
batteries and poison food chain and pose serious threats to human health and
automotive the environment.
batteries) ▪ If burned haphazardly, toxic fumes are produced. Long term
exposures to the toxic fumes may result to chronic illness,
including damage to the respiratory system.
▪ Most heavy metals in the batteries are known carcinogens i.e.
exposure may lead to cancer development.
E-waste E-waste contains a list of chemicals that are harmful to people and
(Used/old/ the environment, like: mercury, lead, beryllium, brominated flame
damaged retardants, and cadmium. When electronics are mishandled during
electronic disposal, these chemicals may leach out and end up in soil oils, where
devices it can washed away with runoff, and contaminate soils, water, and air.
including • The open-air burning releases toxic fumes, while acid baths
printer, leaches toxic materials leaching into the environment.
photocopies. • The most dangerous property of heavy metals is their toxicity
Lab equipment,
workshop and tendency to accumulate in the environment. Highly toxic
electronic substances such as mercury, lead, beryllium, and cadmium can
equipment, accumulate in bio water, in plants and animal tissues and pose a
gadgets etc significant threat to the environment even in minute quantities
135
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Heavy metals.
Impacts on Climate Change:
Failing to recycle e-waste means more primary raw materials need to
be extracted and refined, which might lead to an increase in
greenhouse gas emissions.
Plastics Plastics are non-biodegradable. When haphazardly dumped in the
environment, it may take up to 1,000 years to decompose, leaching
potentially toxic substances into the soil and water. Further,
haphazard disposal of plastics on land and open air burning can lead
to the release of toxic chemicals into the air causing public health
hazards.
▪ Contamination of water resources: Chlorinated plastic can
release harmful chemicals into soils & water resources, and
eventually contaminate food chain (micro plastics have been found
in soils, water and aquatic organisms) and cause toxic effects.
The scale of this impact is regional. The duration of the impact is long term during the
operation phase of the campus. The significance of the impact is high, requiring sophiscated
mitigation measures, as provided in local and international guidelines i.e. the IFC. However,
with application of the mitigation measures the impact revised. The impact will be direct,
cumulative, and will have residual impacts.
6.8 IMPACTS DURING DECOMMISSIONING PHASE
Social impacts
6.8.1 Loss of employment and business opportunities
People employed by the project will lose their jobs. This will have significant impact
on these people and their families. Other dependents of the project, such as suppliers
of various services (e.g. security and cleaning companies) and goods (such as food
stuff and stationaries) will lose the business opportunities. This impact is considered
negative, long term and of moderate significance. This impact is direct, high, local
and will be moderate term.
Environmental Impacts
6.8.2 Land pollution and loss of aesthetic
In the event that decommission of the Campus involve demolition of structures, there
is a risk that improper waste management could contaminate land (soils and water
resources). In case demolition waste is left scattered, it will destroy the aesthetic
values of the area, and its neighbouring environment. Abandoned waste management
facilities (septic tanks, wetland could potentially become a breeding area for diesel
causing vector, that could transmit infectious disease to the neighbouring community.
The significance of the impact is high. The spatial scale of the impact regional and its
duration will be short term.
136
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.8.3 Generation Demolition waste materials
The Decommissioning of ARU Mwanza campus will generate demolition wastes that
are heterogeneous mixtures of building materials such as aggregate, concrete, wood,
paper, metal, insulation, and glass that are usually contaminated with paints, fasteners,
adhesives, wall coverings, insulation, and dirt. Due to the complex composition of
demolition waste, its haphazard disposal on the environment could have deleterious
effects. For example, metals, paints when exposed to wet environment can potential
release toxic ions (through leaching), thus altering the soils chemistry, and
contaminating water resources and the food chain. Other components such plastics
and glass are non-decomposable, thus can remain in the environment for years. The
waste if improper placed will become a safety hazard.
The significance of this impact is high. The scale of impact is local, and short term.
The impact is direct, reversible, and will have cumulative and residual impacts.
6.8.4 Air pollution resulting from demolition works
Demolition activities will potentially generate dusts and other air pollutants. Dust will
emanate from gridding, drilling on concrete works, from moving, loading and off-
loading of construction materials. Dust will have impacts on the aesthetic value of the
area, impair plants photosynthesis and possibly impair visibility. Inhalation of fine
particulates (PM) may cause health hazards to receptors (demolition workers). The
significance of this impact is low, of local scale and short term.
6.8.5 Noise pollution from demolishing works
Demolition activities are typically associated with noise levels above the standards.
The main noise receptors will be the demolition force and neighbouring community.
Noise is nowadays considered a public health concern. Impacts of noise could be
physical (such as hearing loss) and psychological (such as frustration and nuisance).
The impacts of noise is direct, local, of medium significance, short term but could be
irreversible.
6.8.6 Loss of revenue to institutions and the government
As discussed above both town and Central government will be receiving revenue from
the project. In case of the decommissioning of the project, the revenue generated will
cease and hence the revenue base of local and central governments will shrink. This
impact is direct, high, local and will be long term.
6.9 Cumulative impacts
Cumulative impacts are incremental changes caused by the project together with other
presently ongoing, or reasonably foreseeable future planned actions/projects within
the Project Area. Cumulative impacts act with others in such a way that the sum is
greater than the parts. The project will have both positive and negative cumulative
impacts during its implementation. The nature of cumulative impacts can be both
short term in nature (restricted to the construction phase) and medium term (occurring
in both the construction and operation phases).This subsection presents cumulative
137
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
impacts of the proposed projects at ARU campus. The mitigation measures to either
prevent or minimise risks related to potential cumulative impacts have been provided
in chapter seven.
6.9.1 Cumulative Socio-Economic Impacts
Positive Cumulative Socio-Economic Impacts
The proposed construction of classrooms, cafeteria, workshops, laboratories, hostels,
dispensary, etc are likely to have positive impacts during project implementation. The
proposed ARU Mwanza campus shall modify the existing Kamanga and Karumo
settlement due to introduction of the state of the art buildings. The project shall
enhance the available social services by introducing the health services and education
facilities hence contributing to government efforts in providing health and education
services to the people. Further, the presence of the proposed campus shall increase
employment opportunities, increase of income generation activities, changes in life
style, and the increase in skills to local community more that the present status.
Negative Cumulative Socio-Economic Impacts
The establishment of the proposed ARU Mwanza Campus shall attract are students,
vendors, and staff from different social backgrounds. The increased number of people
will cumulatively increase the impacts of social interactions between students/
staff/vendors and visitors at the campus with local community. Such impacts may
include cumulative increase in communicable diseases (HIV, AIDS and other STDs
as well as COVID 19 outbreak) and cumulative increase in theft, conflicts, traffic
flow, crimes and other security issues.
6.9.2 Cumulative Impacts on Bio-physical Environmental
6.9.2.1 Incremental noise and air pollution
The main sources of noise and air emissions at Karumo are traffic and standby power
generators. The proposed project shall definitely contribute to increase traffic flow
within the campus, both during construction and operation. The proposed
infrastructure shall be provided with standby power generators. These shall
cumulatively increase noise levels and exhaust gasses emissions within the University
Campus.
6.9.2.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change
Greenhouse gas emissions has a major influence on climate. Naturally occurring
greenhouse gases such as Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide
(N2O) and Ozone (O3) play a key role in trapping the sun’s heat, thereby maintaining
the earth’s temperature range necessary for life. Project implementation activities
contribute to greenhouse gas emissions through the use of equipment, plants and
vehicles during the construction phase. Also, the electricity use is associated with
greenhouse gas emissions; since the electricity generation is met by hydropower and
thermal generation plant. On the other hand, the increasing vegetation clearance
during construction and operation phase reduce Carbon sequestration potential, hence
reducing efforts towards climate change mitigation.
138
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.9.2.3 Acceleration of soil erosion and loss of biodiversity
The proposed project area and the surrounding community have land parcels having
affected by erosion due to sand mining, transportation, agricultural and livestock
keeping activities. On the other hand, the biodiversity at the proposed site is already
disturbed. The proposed ARU Mwanza campus shall increase the effect of soil
erosion through storm water generation and disturbance of soil material. Thus, the
introduction of the new buildings and infrastructure shall lead to more soil erosion,
more loss of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. In addition, the presence
of ARU Mwanza Campus shall attract land developments which will further intensify
the soil erosion and biodiversity loss as well. Theses shall cause cumulative siltation
to nearby waterbodies and ecosystem services loss.
6.9.2.4 Cumulative impacts of liquid and solid waste generation
The implementation of ARU Mwanza Campus shall generate solid and liquid wastes
(both hazardous and non-hazardous). The future developments around the proposed
site inclined by the presence of the campus shall attract people resulting to cumulative
increase in liquid and solid waste generation within and around the campus. If not
well controlled, they will lead to land and water pollution, and consequently
impacting the public health.
6.10 Analysis of Project Alternatives
Consideration of project implementation alternatives is crucial in ensuring that the
developer and decision-makers have a wider base from which they can choose the
most appropriate option. The planning stage of this project considered the No project
alternative site, alternative energy sources, alternative waste management
technologies, alternative construction materials and alternative roofing materials.
These are explained hereunder;
6.10.1 No project alternative
The no project alternative entails retaining the current status quo (No construction of
the proposed ARU Mwanza Campus). Adopting the No Project alternative, this option
would mean avoiding the predicted negative impacts of the project implementation,
and missing the predicted positive impacts of the project. The HEET project at ARU
is designed to revitalize and expand the capacity of the University to contribute to key
areas for innovation, economic development and labour market relevance. The
proposed modern infrastructure is expected to enable effective teaching and research,
and produce graduates who could become a catalytic force for the new industrial
based economy of Tanzania.
Based on the enormous benefit of the proposed project at national level, the No
project alternative was abandoned. It is clear that identified impacts associated with
project implementation are mostly temporary, and shorter, and are manageable at the
campus level.
6.10.2 Alternative Site
As presented in Chapter 2 of this report, the proposed structures will be located within
the University Campus. The option of utilising an alternative site out of the campus
139
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
was considered but over-weighted by the existing land at the university due to the
following advantages over other;
• The site is owned by Ardhi University (No need to buy a new piece of land);
• The selected area is compatible with the land use
• The site is located on a favourable piece of land; large area with a clear view
• The site is well served with road network and it is easily accessible to public
transport; and
• Availability of water and electricity mains supply.
6.10.3 Alternative Energy Sources
The main source of energy for ARU Mwanza campus is Electricity, supplied by the
national grid. For the proposed infrastructure, the University considered four
alternative sources of energy namely; electricity, diesel power generators, compressed
natural gas (CNG) and solar energy.
• Alternative one - Electricity: As it is the case in most of developing countries,
supply of electricity from national grids is not reliable as it mostly originates
from hydroelectric power generators, which depend on rainfall frequency,
intensity and pattern.
• Alternative two - Diesel generators: These utilise fossil fuels, which tend to
emit greenhouse gases especially when operated for a long time. As such,
diesel generators are used as standby power supply during power outages.
• Alternative three - Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): The University
considered the used of CNG, especially in the laboratories. CNG is the
cleanest gas, thus its utilisation would reduce environmental pollution.
However, the University is currently not connected to such service.
• Alternative four - Solar energy: the last alternative considered was the
installation of solar panels to harvest solar energy. It is intended that the solar
energy be used for lighting within the buildings. It is also intended to install
solar lights in various locations along the streets.
Conclusions: an evaluation of the four alternatives based on capital costs, availability
of adequate supply, reliability, and environmental protection revealed that at least
three options could be used together. Therefore, it is planned to connect the proposed
infrastructure to electricity from the National grid as a basic power supply. Provisions
will be made for installing solar panels and connections to CNG in the future.
However, since some machines and laboratory equipment requires high voltage,
which could not be supplied by solar energy, standby generators will also be
provided, especially for the laboratories.
6.10.4 Water supply Alternative
Alternative one: Water Supply (surface water) from the operating water utility
Authority
The Sengerema Rural Water Supply Authority (RUWASA) is the leading water
supplier in the Sengerema District from Lake Victoria. This is the option considered
to be appropriate as the water supply network is near the proposed site, and therefore
can guarantee reliable, clean and safe water supply to the proposed ARU Mwanza
Campus.
140
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Alternative two: Groundwater Extraction
Presence of ponds and wetland at the proposed project area suggest that ground water
is another alternative option for water supply and can supplement the water supply at
the project site at such times of water shortage and scarcity. It has to be noted that
before establishing the groundwater as sources of water supply, an investigation in
terms of groundwater quantity and quality has to be thoroughly carried out and
ascertained. Ground water investigation and well drilling have cost implications on
the project. Further, utilization of ground water will necessitate investing on water
treatment plant/equipment.
Alternative three: Rainwater Harvesting
The project considered rainwater-harvesting potential as alternative source of water.
It is proposed to harvest rainwater from both roof and land catchment. It will entail
the design of rainwater harvesting system and underground water storage tanks.
Although this may demand more investment (capital), its operation costs are relatively
low. Rainwater harvesting is one of the best ways to reducing surface runoff and soil
erosion.
Conclusion: The University opted to use a combination of two water sources namely
piped water supply from RUWASA and rain water harvesting.
RUWASA water although relatively expensive, it is of most reliable quality. Therefore,
RUWASA water will be used for domestic purposes and in the running of laboratory.
Rainwater will be used for cleaning and gardens maintenance but shall be
complemented by RUWASA water.
6.10.5 Liquid waste Management Alternatives
Five alternatives were considered for liquid waste management, namely stabilization
ponds/lagoons; use of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB); constructed
treatment wetland; septic tank - soakaway system; and direct discharge to the sewer
system.
Alternative one: Use of stabilization ponds/lagoons
This refers to the use of a series of ponds/lagoons, which allow biological processes to
treat the wastewater to meet effluent quality standards. This method requires a large
surface area on the ground, to facilitate natural treatment (degradation). This option
has two major fallbacks:
i) It requires large space and is incompatible with the ARU masterplan
ii) The open ponds will attract scavenger birds and animals to feed into the
wastewater. The scavengers will create unaesthetically conditions at the
site.
iii) Generation of foul smells from the degradation of wastewater in the
lagoons/ponds.
Alternative two: Connection existing wastewater treatment plants
Another alternative considered is to use Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
(UASB).The system allow recovery of energy from the waste, in terms of sludge,
biogas and nutrients rich water effluents. Further, the plant has many other
advantages. It will be used for research and experiments; and it generates energy
(biogas, manure, and nutrient rich effluent water) that could be used at the staff
141
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
houses at the campus, and save energy costs. While UASB systems are effective in
removing organic pollutants, they may not achieve the same level of nutrient and
Phosphorus removal as some aerobic treatment processes. Thus, if the treated effluent
is intended for discharge into sensitive aquatic ecosystems, additional aerobic
treatment processes for nutrient removal may be needed after the UASB process.
Alternative three: Constructed treatment wetland
The University shall consider adoption of constructed wetlands, which are engineered
system designed and constructed to copy natural processes taking place in the natural
wetlands. Constructed wetlands remove pollutants in wastewater through the
combination of physical, biological and chemical processes. They are either
subsurface flow where the flow is below the surface of soil or surface flow where the
flow of wastewater is above the soil. This alternative is feasible compared to waste
stabilization ponds /lagoons given the space available but needs more land compared
to UASB for the proposed project. The system has Long Start-up Period, Maintenance
Challenges and Odor Issues.
Alternative four: Use of septic tank and soak pits systems
This involves the construction of underground tanks for treatment of sludge and is
connected to soak pits for disposal of effluent. It is less expensive to construct though
regular emptying in large discharge points is required. Septic tanks and soak pits
demand little space compared to other options.
Alternative five: Discharge direct to the sewer system
There are no sewerage system in vicinity of the site. This is not feasible and it will
cost a lot to make it available.
Alternative six: Natural wetland
The project area has a wetland which may play a crucial role in wastewater treatment,
providing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for improving water
quality. Wetland vegetation and soils act as natural filters, trapping suspended solids
and sediments from the wastewater as it passes through. The wetland sediments can
adsorb and bind heavy metals. Microbial communities in wetland soils and on plant
roots play a significant role in the degradation of organic matter and the breakdown of
pollutants. Wetlands typically have a longer hydraulic retention time compared to
traditional treatment systems. Wetland plants absorb nutrients like nitrogen and
phosphorus through their roots, thereby reducing nutrient loads in the water.
Conclusion: analysis of the six alternative showed that alternatives two (Up-flow
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)) and four (Use of septic tank and soak pits
systems) are the most favourable. Since, it is intended for discharge to Lake Victoria,
alternative six (Natural wetland) can be used in conjunction with UASB and Septic
tank-soak away pits for removing nutrients and so as to polish the effluents from
UASB. Thus, the construction of the infrastructure will include construction of onsite
septic soak away pit systems for interim use and when the population is at full
capacity, the septic tank and soak ways systems will later be connected to sewer line
to convey wastewater to treatment facilities (UASBs). The effluent from the UASB
shall pass through the existing natural wetland and finally to the lake. The system is
envisioned to ensure effective treatment so that the final discharge shall have no
harmful effects to Lake Victoria.
142
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
6.10.6 Solid Waste Management Alternatives
The proposed project will generate a considerable large amount of solid waste
(estimated at 3.7tones/day) from hostels, stationeries, workshops, laboratories,
restaurants and offices. The University has considered two alternatives namely;
i) Landfilling- It involves collection and transportation to dumpsite for
disposal. This shall be considered a last resort due to loss of resources and the
potential environmental impacts at disposal site.
ii) Source Reduction: This approach focuses on reducing the amount of waste
generated at the source followed by disposal at dumpsite.
iii) Reuse: Encouraging the reuse of products and materials to the extent possible
to extend their lifespan. However, not all materials can be reused.
iv) Recycling: This will involve the collection and processing of materials to
create new products and the rest shall be disposed of. Common recyclable
materials include paper, glass, plastic, and metal.
v) Composting: This will involve transforming organic waste, such as food
scraps and yard trimmings, into nutrient-rich compost as valuable soil
amendment.
vi) Waste-to-Energy. It involves converting solid waste to energy source like
briquettes and biogas production
vii) Waste Sorting and Segregation at the source: This approach enhances the
efficiency of downstream waste management processes. Implementing waste
sorting at the source or through centralized facilities helps separate different
types of waste for recycling, re-use, composting, or proper disposal.
Conclusion: Alternative one will involve transportation of huge amounts of waste to
the dumpsite. Since solid waste management is a service and doesn’t generate any
revenue, such practice will become a burden to the University. The generated amount
will require at least one trip per day to the dumpsite. Therefore, alternative one is not
feasible. The university shall use an integrated solid waste management approach
that involves a combination of alternative (ii) to (vii). The approach will holistically
reduce waste generation. The generated waste shall be segregated and sorted into
degradable and non-degradable; and recyclables and non-recyclables. All recyclables
wastes will be collected and sold to recycles (includes papers and plastic containers).
The degradable wastes will be collected for animal food and the rest shall be utilized
in research activities such as composting, biogas generation and maggot production.
The remaining non-decomposable and no recyclables will be stored on site in
constructed chambers for final disposal.
6.10.7 Alternatives building materials
It is estimated that building materials account for more than 60% of the total building
cost, therefore, the selection of affordable building materials cannot be
overemphasized.
The University looked into a variety of building materials for different aspects of the
proposed infrastructures. Architects consulted with structural engineers on the load-
bearing capabilities of available materials. Five common materials namely concrete,
steel, wood, masonry and stone were considered as briefly described hereunder:
Concrete: Concrete is a composite material made from fine and coarse aggregates,
bonded together with cement. Its versatility, cost and strength makes it the ideal
143
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
material for building foundations. It is most prefer since it can carry heavy load and
withstand harsh environmental conditions its
Steel: Steel is a metal alloy of iron and carbon and often-other alloying material in its
composition to make it stronger and more fracture-resistant than iron. Because it is so
strong compared to its weight and size, structural engineers use it for the structural
framework of tall modern buildings and large industrial facilities
Wood: Among the oldest, or perhaps the oldest, of building materials, wood has been
used for thousands of years and has properties that make it an ideal building
material—even in the days of engineered and synthetic materials.
Stones: The longest lasting building material available is the one that’s been here for
thousands of years: stone. In fact, the most ancient of buildings still in existence in the
world are made of stone.
Brick/masonry: Masonry construction uses individual units (such as bricks) to build
structures that are usually bound together by some kind of mortar. The strongest and
most commonly used masonry unit is a concrete block, which may be reinforced with
steel. Glass, brick, and stone can all be used in a masonry structure
Conclusion: A team of Architects and Engineers evaluates these based on criteria
such as strength, weight and durability, which would make it right for various uses;
compatibility with National standards and testing methods that govern the use of
building materials in the construction industry; consideration for structural integrity
and cost and aesthetics.The University shall opt to use a combination of materials
except brick/masonry..
6.10.7 Alternatives roofing materials
Roofing is a crucial part of the building construction. Every construction requires a
stable and strong roof and should have the ability to protect the structure from natural
conditions. The University considered various options in terms of roofing materials,
among these coated aluminum roofing sheets and clay roofing tiles. The two materials
were evaluated based on costs, availability, whether resistance, longevity, flexibility
and corrosion resistance.
Conclusion: Although roofing tiles scored, more points in terms of whether resistance,
longevity and resistance to corrosion, they were found to be more expensive that
aluminum roofing (i.e. per square meter). Aluminum roofing sheets scored more
point on capital costs, flexibility and less labor intensive during installation.
Therefore, the University opted to use corrugates aluminum sheets for roofing.
144
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 IMPACTS MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES
This chapter is devoted to describing measures or interventions that shall be
implemented to minimize the potential negative impacts and enhance the potential
positive impacts identified in the preceding chapter. Many of the proposed mitigation
measures are essentially good practice that shall be adhered to during all the project
phases.
7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES DURING PREPARATORY PHASE
Negative Social Impacts
7.1.1 Loss of cultural assets and displacement of ritual sites
i. Work with local authorities and relevant clans for alternative area for cultural
and ritual sites
ii. Agree with the local authorities and clans owning those cultural and ritual sites
on smooth on the best modality to remove them from the project area
iii. Lease with the relevant local authorities and clans owning those ritual sites for
smooth re-allocation of the sites
iv. Financing the smooth re-allocation of the for cultural and ritual sites
v. When necessary, avoiding to interfere the areas rich in cultural and ritual
assets
7.1.2 Community health and safety risks
i. Institute good site practices including prevent public access to the construction
site by securing equipment and demarcate excavate, using warning signs
with appropriate text (local language) and graphic displays;
ii. Institute traffic management and safety programme including, training and
testing of heavy vehicles operators and drivers, enforcement of speed
limits, maximum loading restrictions and compliance with all Tanzania
transportation law and standards;
iii. Awareness campaigns /Education on HIV and STDs shall be provided to
workers;
iv. Appropriate working gear (such as nose, ear and mouth mask and clothing)
and good construction site management shall be provided;
v. During construction, the contractor shall ensure that the construction site is
fenced and hygienically kept with adequate provision of facilities
including waste disposal receptacles, sewage, firefighting and clean and
safe water supply;
vi. A well-stocked First Aid kit (administered by medical personnel) shall be
maintained at construction site. The medical personnel shall also be
responsible for primary treatment of ailments and other minor medical
cases as well as providing health education to the workforce;
145
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
vii. Reporting mechanisms for the public to register concerns or complaints
regarding perceived risks to their health and safety due to the construction
operation should be put in place;
viii. Emergency contact details in the event of an accident shall be provided;
ix. Develop and implement an emergency plan including spill response;
x. Training all contractor staff in emergency planning and spill response; and
xi. Developing a detailed health and safety plan and training all contractor staff
on the plan.
7.1.3 Loss of livelihood
i. Seminars shall be conducted on alternative means of livelihood after
acquisition of the land from local people
ii. Local people that previously owned the land in question for the campus
constriction should be well compensated as per the local laws and World Bank
requirements/standards
7.1.4 Loss of revenue to the government
i. The government must find alternative source of revenues
ii. Strengthening revenue collection mechanisms
iii. Awareness creation for the people in the area on the importance of paying
revenues even after the end of this phase and subsequent entering of new
phase
iv. Enhanced cooperation between the project and local authorities
Environmental mitigation measures
7.1.5 Risk of buildings/structural designs to have potential to generate
emergency/disaster events
Technical studies
• Geotechnical studies, Environmental and social impact assessment studies,
master plans and feasibility studies shall be done by competent professionals
to ascertain the project risks hazard profile of the site
Infrastructure and equipment design and safety
i. Structural elements of a project will be designed and constructed by competent
professionals, and certified or approved by competent authorities or
professionals. The Structural design will take into account climate change
considerations, as appropriate.
ii. Where the project includes new buildings and structures that will be accessed by
members of the public, the ARU will consider the incremental risks of the
public’s potential exposure to operational accidents or natural hazards, including
extreme weather events. Where technically and financially feasible, ARU will
also apply the concept of universal access to the design and construction of such
new buildings and structures
Safety of services
• Where the project involves provision of services to communities, ARU will
establish and implement appropriate quality management systems to anticipate
146
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
and minimize risks and impacts that such services may have on community
health and safety. In such circumstances, ARU will also apply the concept of
universal access, where technically and financially feasible
Emergency Preparedness and Response
• ARU will conduct a risk hazard assessment (RHA) to projects having potential to
generate emergency events), as part of the environmental and social assessment.
Based on the results of the RHA, ARU will prepare an Emergency Response Plan
(ERP) in coordination with the relevant local authorities and the affected
community, and will take into account the emergency prevention, preparedness
and response arrangements put into place with project workers under ESS2. ERP
will include, as appropriate: (a) engineering controls (such as containment,
automatic alarms, and shutoff systems) proportionate to the nature and scale of the
hazard; (b) identification of and secure access to emergency equipment available
on-site and nearby; (c) notification procedures for designated emergency
responders; (d) diverse media channels for notification of the affected community
and other stakeholders; (e) a training program for emergency responders including
drills at regular intervals; (f) public evacuation procedures; (g) designated
coordinator for ERP implementation; and (h) measures for restoration and cleanup
of the environment following any major accident
7.1.6 Increase in pressure on natural resources
i. Exploitation of construction materials will take place from authorized and
reliable sources only;
ii. Restoration of the borrow pits/quarries after use-constituting of levelling the
area and seeding or planting of trees and/or grasses will be done in association
with local government (department responsible for natural resources) and local
environmental NGOs. If appropriate, the levelled area will be left for natural
re-vegetation
iii. When the project is a potentially significant user of energy, the ARU will
adopt measures specified in the EHSGs to optimize energy usage, to the extent
technically and financially feasible
iv. When the project is a potentially significant user of water or will have
potentially significant risks and impacts on water quality, in addition to
applying the resource efficiency requirements, ARU shall use additional
technically feasible water conservation measures, the use of alternative water
supplies, water consumption offsets to maintain total demand for water
resources within the available supply, and evaluation of alternative project
locations.
7.1.7 Solid waste generation due to demolition
i. All materials which can be reused shall be reused
ii. Materials that cannot be reused shall be sent to Sengerema/Mwanza dumpsite
147
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
7.2. POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION
PHASE
Negative Social Impacts
7.2.1 Community health, safety risks and security from the handling, transport,
and disposal of construction wastes
i. Institute good site practices including prevent public access to the construction
site by securing equipment and demarcate excavate, using warning signs with
appropriate text (local language) and graphic displays;
ii. Institute traffic management and safety programme including, training and
testing of heavy vehicles operators and drivers, enforcement of speed limits,
maximum loading restrictions and compliance with all Tanzania transportation
law and standards;
iii. Appropriate working gear (such as nose, ear and mouth mask and clothing)
and good construction site management shall be provided;
iv. During construction, the contractor shall ensure that the construction site is
fenced and hygienically kept with adequate provision of facilities including
waste disposal receptacles, sewage, firefighting and clean and safe water
supply;
v. A well-stocked First Aid kit (administered by medical personnel) shall be
maintained at construction site. The medical personnel shall also be
responsible for primary treatment of ailments and other minor medical cases
as well as providing health education to the workforce;
vi. Reporting mechanisms for the public to register concerns or complaints
regarding perceived risks to their health and safety due to the construction
operation should be put in place;
vii. Emergency contact details in the event of an accident shall be provided;
viii. Develop and implement an emergency plan including spill response;
ix. Training all contractor staff in emergency planning and spill response; and
x. Developing a detailed health and safety plan and training all contractor staff
on the plan.
7.2.2 Gender based violence
• The project will prepare a GBV Action Plan that ensures project awareness
raising strategy (for workers and community members), a list of GBV service
Providers to which GBV survivors will be referred, revisions to the GRM to
ensure it can address GBV complaints, and information on GBV allegation
procedures in the workplace.
7.2.3 Gender discrimination
• This project will ensure that there is involvement of women in project
activities.
7.2.4 Child labour
i. ARU will conduct regular monitoring of project workers in relation to health,
working conditions, hours of work, minimum age, and the other requirement
of national law.
ii. Work with local authorities and schools in the area to control school drop out
148
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
iii. Cooperate with relevant authorities like Ministry of Labour to control child
labour
iv. Create awareness raising to the communities on the importance of education to
the children
v. The local authorities should develop bylaws to control the engagement of
children in petty business or work in project related activities
7.2.5 Food Insecurity and inflation of prices on other social services
. The following measures are very vital in minimizing the problem of food insecurity;
i. Encourage traders to supply food and other products to the project area.
ii. Sensitization of the surrounding communities in order to make them aware of
the employment and hence income generating opportunities with the proposed
project.
iii. Provide more avenues for service providers e.g. cafeteria and restaurants
iv. Encourage and sensitize local communities to highly concentrate on the
cultivation of food crops
7.2.6 Increased level of crimes
The following measures are very vital in minimizing the problem of crime;
i. Constructions of police stations at Ardhi University- Mwanza Campus and the
surrounding communities like Kamanga and Karumo in order to strengthen
security services
i. Establish community based security in collaboration with village/ward leaders.
ii. The contractor shall establish his own security to protect his properties and
should establish community policing to support insufficient police force.
iii. The community should be encouraged to participate in security matters by
providing information on suspects
iv. The cooperation of local people together will help to lessen criminal incidents
and maintain security of people and their properties.
7.2.7 Increased pressure on social services
The project surrounding communities already do not have sufficient social and
infrastructural services. In view of this, the influx of people in the project area will
increase pressure on the already limited social infrastructure. In order to minimize this
problem the following measures are very important;Limit the number of unskilled
workers recruited from outside the direct vicinity as far as possible.
i. Explore alternative sources of domestic water, such as rainwater harvesting.
ii. Link to mandated structures to support improvement of social and
infrastructural services at the project site and communities surrounding project
area.
iii. Duty to the community requirement may be applied to justify the construction
of new social services infrastructures or cooperate with local structures to
strengthen the existing social services infrastructures
iv. Use of water conservatively by instituting technologies (e.g. self-lock water
taps) and awareness raising notices to users, etc.;
v. Construction of underground water reserve tank and introducing rainwater
harvest system;
149
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
vi. Link to mandated structures to support improvement of social and
infrastructural services at the campus and communities adjacent to the project
area.
vii. Duty to the community requirement may be applied to justify the construction
of new social services infrastructures or cooperate with local structures to
strengthen the existing social services infrastructures
7.2.8 Restrictions on using community road passing through project site
There is a community road used by pedestrians and cyclists passing through the
project site from Kamanga-Geita main road to Karumo village. Currently people are
free to use the road all the time but when the project takes off, there will be some
restrictions especially through the night durations for security purposes. This may
cause chaos to the community members who have used the road freely throughout
their life time. In order to reduce disturbance to community members the following
measures should be applied:
i. New Alternative roads shall be constructed
ii. Improving the existing alternative roads
iii. Allow people to pass through project site during day time
7.2.9 Prevalence of Communicable diseases
Influx of job speculators from other parts of Tanzania and neighboring regions will
increase interaction, consequently increasing the risk of the spread of communicable
diseases. The following measures are recommended to mitigate this impact.
• Provide awareness to public on pathways of communicable diseases.
• Provide Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) centres for HIV/AIDS.
• Provide more health facilities
• Work close to government and private institutions that deal with the spread of
communicable diseases
• A safety, health and environment induction course shall be conducted to all
students and workers, putting more emphasis on HIV/AIDS, which has
become a national disaster as well as other emerging pandemics such as
COVID 19 and dengue fever;
• The project shall include information education and communication
component (IEC) in its budget. This will help to raise more awareness on
HIV/AIDS, and means to suppress its incidence;
• Environmental sanitation systems shall be improved; and,
• Adequate medical services shall be made available at the University
dispensary for meeting the population demand.
Environmental Impacts
7.2.10 Occupational Health and Safety
Slips and fall
i. Implementing good house-keeping practices, such as the sorting and placing
loose construction materials or demolition debris in established areas away
from foot paths
ii. Cleaning up excessive waste debris and liquid spills regularly
iii. Locating electrical cords and ropes in common areas and marked corridors
150
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
iv. Use of slip retardant footwear
Work in Heights
v. Training and use of temporary fall prevention devices, such as rails or other
barriers able to support a heavy loads, when working at heights equal or
greater than two meters or at any height if the risk includes falling into
operating machinery, into water or other liquid, into hazardous substances, or
through an opening in a work surface
vi. Training and use of personal fall arrest systems, such as full body harnesses
and energy absorbing lanyards able to support heavy loads (also described in
this section in Working at Heights above), as well as fall rescue procedures to
deal with workers whose fall has been successfully arrested.
vii. The tie in point of the fall arresting system should also be able to support
heavy loads
viii. Use of control zones and safety monitoring systems to warn workers of their
proximity to fall hazard zones, as well as securing, marking, and labeling
covers for openings in floors, roofs, or walking surfaces
Struck By Objects
ix. Using a designated and restricted waste drop or discharge zones, and/or a
chute for safe movement of wastes from upper to lower levels
x. Conducting sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, chipping or chiseling with
proper guards and anchoring as applicable
xi. Maintaining clear traffic ways to avoid driving of heavy equipment over loose
scrap
xii. Use of temporary fall protection measures in scaffolds and out edges of
elevated work surfaces, such as hand rails and toe boards to prevent materials
from being dislodged
viii. Wearing appropriate PPE, such as safety glasses with side shields, face
shields, hard hats, and safety shoes
ix. Institute good site practices including prevent public access to the construction
site by securing equipment and demarcate excavate, using warning signs with
appropriate text (local language) and graphic displays;
Moving Machinery
xiii. Planning and segregating the location of vehicle traffic, machine operation,
and walking areas, and controlling vehicle traffic through the use of one-way
traffic routes, establishment of speed limits, and on-site trained flag-people
wearing high-visibility vests or outer clothing covering to direct traffic
xiv. Ensuring the visibility of personnel through their use of high visibility vests
when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas, and
training of workers to verify eye contact with equipment operators before
approaching the operating vehicle
xv. Ensuring moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms
xvi. Using inspected and well-maintained lifting devices that are appropriate for
the load, such as cranes, and securing loads when lifting them to higher job-
site elevations.
151
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Disease prevention
x. Awareness campaigns /Education on HIV and STDs shall be provided to
workers;
xi. A well-stocked First Aid kit (administered by medical personnel) shall be
maintained at construction site. The medical personnel shall also be
responsible for primary treatment of ailments and other minor medical cases
as well as providing health education to the workforce;
xii. Reporting mechanisms for the public to register concerns or complaints
regarding perceived risks to their health Emergency contact details in the
event of an accident shall be provided;
xiii. Training all contractor staff in emergency planning and management; and
xiv. Developing a detailed health and safety plan and training all contractor staff
on the plan.
Over-exertion, and ergonomic injuries and illnesses
xv. Training of workers in lifting and materials handling techniques in
construction projects, including the placement of weight limits above which
mechanical assists or two-person lifts are necessary
xvi. Planning work site layout to minimize the need for manual transfer of heavy
loads
xvii. Selecting tools and designing work stations that reduce force requirements and
holding times, and which promote improved postures, including, where
applicable, user adjustable work stations
xviii. Implementing administrative controls into work processes, such as job
rotations and rest or stretch breaks
7.2.11 Loss of biodiversity (flora and fauna)
i. Clearance of patches of native forest remaining in the neighborhood of the
proposed project components shall be avoided;
ii. Close supervision of earthworks shall be observed in order to confine land
clearance within the project site;
iii. Appropriate landscaping programme to help in re-vegetation of part of the
project area after construction shall be designed and implemented,
iv. Minimize the cutting or clearing of vegetation to extent possible
7.2.12 Loss of habitat
i. Appropriate landscaping programme to help in re-vegetation of part of the
project area after construction shall be designed and implemented.
7.2.13 Loss of ecosystem services
i. Appropriate landscaping programme to help in re-vegetation of part of the
project area after construction shall be designed and implemented.
7.2.14 Acceleration of soil erosion
i. Construction will be done as per engineering design and procedure of which a
maximum requirement of compaction strength is achieved during the
152
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
construction. That is maximum dry density (MDD) specified in the design
manual by consultant;
ii. Maintain gravel fill and/or re-vegetate around the structures;
iii. Unnecessary ground clearance and sensitive re-alignments shall be avoided;
iv. Directing flow to properly designated channels;
v. All excavation works shall be properly backfilled and compacted
vi. Most of construction activities will be done during dry weather;
vii. Mulching to stabilize exposed areas;
viii. Designing channels and ditches for post-construction flows
ix. Lining steep channel and slopes (e.g. use jute matting) and
x. Reducing or preventing off-site sediment transport through use of settlement
ponds, silt fences, and water treatment, and modifying or suspending activities
during extreme rainfall and high winds to the extent practical.
7.2.15 Generation of liquid waste
i. Contractor shall be instructed to put in place acceptable procedure for
handling hazardous waste such as oils, lubricants and non-combustible waste;
ii. Construction workers shall be provided portable/temporary toilets (portapoty)
by contractor; and
iii. Training on waste management shall be done for all personnel, operators and
service providers.
7.2.16 Generation of solid waste
i. The contractor shall have adequate facilities for handling the construction
waste; and
iv. Topsoil shall be stock piled and used for reclamation or re-vegetation at the
site during landscaping.
v. Training on waste management shall be done to all personnel, operators and
service providers.
vi. All materials which can be reused shall be reused.
vii. Materials that cannot be reused shall be sent to an authorised dumpsite.
viii. The contractor shall have adequate facilities for segregating, handling and
storing the construction waste.
ix. Topsoil shall be stockpiled and used for reclamation or re-vegetation at the site
during landscaping.
7.2.17 Air pollution
Impairment of air quality due to emissions
• Equipment shall be maintained in good running condition and equipment,
which generate excessive black smoke shall not be used;
• Enforce vehicle road restrictions to avoid excessive emissions from engine
overloading, where practical switching off engines will be done when
machines are not in use;
• There will be routine inspection of equipment;
• Turn off engines to reduce idling.
Impairment of Air Quality Due to Dust
i. Protect stockpiles of friable material subject to wind through wetting;
ii. Cover loads with friable material during transportation;
153
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
iii. Minimizing dust from material handling sources, such as conveyors and bins,
by using covers and/or control equipment (water suppression, bag house, or
cyclone);
iv. Minimizing dust from open area sources, including storage piles, by using
control measures such as installing enclosures and covers, and increasing the
moisture content
v. Dust suppression techniques should be implemented, such as applying water
or non-toxic chemicals to minimize dust from vehicle movements
vi. Avoiding open burning of solid
vii. Restrict speed on loose surface roads to 30 km/hr during dry or dusty
conditions; and,
viii. Douse with water work sites with loose open soil to reduce dust generation
when necessary.
7.2.18 Contribution to climate change
i. Equipment shall be maintained in good running condition and equipment,
which generate excessive black smoke shall not be used;
ii. Enforce vehicle road restrictions to avoid excessive emissions from engine
overloading, where practical switching off engines will be done when
machines are not in use;
iii. There will be routine inspection of equipment;
iv. Turn off engines to reduce idling; and
v. Green spaces shall be maximized in project areas
7.2.19 Noise pollution
i. Avoiding or minimizing project transportation through community areas
ii. Vehicles carrying construction materials shall be restricted to work during day
time only;
iii. Machine operators in various sections with significant noise levels shall be
provided with noise protective gear; and,
iv. Construction equipment shall be selected, operated and maintained to
minimize noise.
v. ARU shall include in tenders, employment contracts, subcontractor
agreements and work method statements clauses that assure the minimization
of noise and compliance with directions from management to minimize noise;
vi. The Contractor shall be required to give preference to the use quieter
technology or other mitigation measures rather than lengthening construction;
vii. Regularly train workers and contractors (such as at toolbox talks) to use
equipment in ways that minimize noise;
viii. Ensure that site managers periodically check the site, nearby residences and
other sensitive receptors for noise problems so that solutions can be quickly
applied;
ix. Avoid shouting, and minimize talking loudly and slamming vehicle doors;
154
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
x. Keep truck drivers informed of designated vehicle routes, parking locations,
acceptable delivery hours and other relevant practices (e.g. minimizing the use
of engine brakes and periods of engine idling).
7.2.20 Generation of vibrations
i. Impact pile driving shall be avoided where possible in vibration sensitive
areas; and,
ii. Vibratory rollers and packers shall be avoided.
7.2.21 Visual impacts
i. Locating parts of the development further away from the general public.
ii. Avoid light pollution through choice of light fixtures when construction is
done during the night
7.2.22Generation of hazardous waste
i. Providing adequate secondary containment for fuel storage tanks and for the
temporary storage of other fluids such as lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids,
ii. Using impervious surfaces for refueling areas and other fluid transfer areas
iii. Training workers on the correct transfer and handling of fuels and chemicals
and the response to spills
iv. Providing portable spill containment and cleanup equipment on site and
training in the equipment deployment
v. Assessing the contents of hazardous materials and petroleum-based products
in building systems (e.g. PCB containing electrical equipment, asbestos-
containing building materials) and process equipment and removing them
prior to initiation of decommissioning activities, and managing their treatment
and disposal
vi. Assessing the presence of hazardous substances in or on building materials
(e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls, asbestos containing flooring or insulation)
and decontaminating or properly managing contaminated building materials
vii. All hazardous materials shall be handled by registered personnel/company
7.2.23 Land pollution
i. There should proper separation of materials and wastes,-selection (eg more
environmental friendly, etc.), less use, proper storage, etc.
ii. An efficient collection and disposal system based on the principles of
reduction, re-use and recycling of materials, shall be instituted at project areas.
iii. Ensure proper waste segregation and introduction of waste disposal bins, and
warning notices, posted at strategic points;
iv. No, on-site burial or open burning of solid waste shall be permitted.
v. There should be proper procedure for handling hazardous waste such as oils,
lubricants and non-combustible waste.
155
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
7.3 POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES DURING THE OPERATION
PHASE
Negative Social Impacts
7.3.1 Increased incidences of diseases and ill health
• A safety, health and environment induction course shall be conducted to all
students and workers, putting more emphasis on HIV/AIDS, which has
become a national disaster as well as other emerging pandemics such as
COVID 19 and dengue fever;
• The project shall include information education and communication
component (IEC) in its budget. This will help to raise more awareness on
HIV/AIDS, and means to suppress its incidence;
• Environmental sanitation systems shall be regularly improved; and,
• Adequate medical services shall be made available at the University
dispensary for meeting the population demand.
7.3.2 Increased pressure on social services/facilities and utilities
i. Limit the number of unskilled workers recruited from outside the direct vicinity as
far as possible.
ii. Explore alternative sources of domestic water, such as rainwater harvesting.
iii. Link to mandated structures to support improvement of social and infrastructural
services at the project site and communities surrounding project area.
iv. Duty to the community requirement may be applied to justify the construction of
new social services infrastructures or cooperate with local structures to strengthen
the existing social services infrastructures
v. Use of water conservatively by instituting technologies (e.g. self-lock water taps)
and awareness raising notices to users, etc.;
vi. Construction of underground water reserve tank and introducing rainwater harvest
system;
vii. Link to mandated structures to support improvement of social and infrastructural
services at the campus and communities adjacent to the project area.
viii. Duty to the community requirement may be applied to justify the construction of
new social services infrastructures or cooperate with local structures to strengthen
the existing social services infrastructures
ix. Alternative measures like use of solar power, drilling a borehole at site, water
recycling shall be explored and implemented if found feasible. For instance, use of
energy savers bulbs shall be given high priority; and
x. Use of air conditioning shall be kept to a minimum and maintenance of the cool
indoor environment using natural ventilation system shall be strongly explored
during the design process.
7.3.3. Gender based violence
• The project will prepare a GBV Action Plan that ensures project awareness
raising strategy (for workers and community members), a list of GBV service
156
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Providers to which GBV survivors will be referred, revisions to the GRM to
ensure it can address GBV complaints, and information on GBV allegation
procedures in the workplace.
7.3.4 Increased incidence of GBV/SEA/SH
The project will prepare a GBV Action Plan that ensures project awareness raising
strategy (for workers and community members), a list of GBV service Providers to
which GBV survivors will be referred, revisions to the GRM to ensure it can address
GBV complaints, and information on GBV allegation procedures in the workplace.
7.3.5 Child labour
i. ARU will conduct regular monitoring of project workers in relation to health,
working conditions, hours of work, minimum age, and the other requirement
of national law.
ii. Work with local authorities and schools in the area to control school drop out
iii. Cooperate with relevant authorities like Ministry of Labour to control child
labour
iv. Create awareness raising to the communities on the importance of education to
the children
v. The local authorities should develop bylaws to control the engagement of
children in petty business or work in project related activities
7.3.6. Food Insecurity and inflation of prices on other social services
. The following measures are very vital in minimizing the problem of food insecurity;
i. Encourage traders to supply food and other products to the project area.
ii. Sensitization of the surrounding communities in order to make them aware of
the employment and hence income generating opportunities with the proposed
project.
iii. Provide more avenues for service providers e.g. cafeteria and restaurants
7.3.7 Increased level of crimes
The following measures are very vital in minimizing the problem of crime;
157
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
i. Constructions of police stations at Ardhi University- Mwanza Campus and the
surrounding communities like Kamanga and Karumo in order to strengthen
security services
ii. Establish community based security in collaboration with village/ward leaders.
iii. The contractor shall establish his own security to protect his properties and
should establish community policing to support insufficient police force.
iv. The community should be encouraged to participate in security matters by
providing information on suspects
v. The cooperation of local people together will help to lessen criminal incidents
and maintain security of people and their properties.
7.3.8 Increased traffic flow and increased risks of road/ferry accidents
i. Institute traffic management and safety programme including, training and
testing of heavy vehicles operators and drivers, enforcement of speed limits,
maximum loading restrictions and compliance with all Tanzania transportation
law and standards;
ii. A well-stocked First Aid kit (administered by medical personnel) shall be
maintained at construction site. The medical personnel shall also be
responsible for primary treatment of ailments and other minor medical cases
as well as providing health education to the workforce;
iii. Reporting mechanisms for the public to register concerns or complaints
regarding perceived risks to their health and safety due to the construction
operation should be put in place;
iv. Emergency contact details in the event of an accident shall be provided;
v. Develop and implement an emergency plan including spill response;
vi. Developing a detailed health and safety plan and training all contractor staff
on the plan.
vii. Working with relevant authorities and private stakeholders to make sure that
road safety/ferry safety measures are intact and implemented accordingly
viii. Develop and maintain an active rescue plan in collaboration with Fire and
Rescues offices for both road and water accidents
7.3.9 Prevalence of Communicable diseases
Influx of job speculators from other parts of Tanzania and neighboring regions will
increase interaction, consequently increasing the risk of the spread of communicable
diseases. The following measures are recommended to mitigate this impact
i. Provide awareness to public on pathways of communicable diseases.
ii. Provide Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) centres for HIV/AIDS.
iii. Provide more health facilities
iv. Work close to government and private institutions that deal with the spread of
communicable diseases
v. A safety, health and environment induction course shall be conducted to all
students and workers, putting more emphasis on HIV/AIDS, which has
158
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
become a national disaster as well as other emerging pandemics such as
COVID 19 and dengue fever;
vi. The project shall include information education and communication
component (IEC) in its budget. This will help to raise more awareness on
HIV/AIDS, and means to suppress its incidence;
vii. Environmental sanitation systems shall be improved; and,
viii. Adequate medical services shall be made available at the campus and
surrounding communities of Kamanga and Karumo for meeting the population
demand.
7.3.10 Restrictions on use of access road to Karumo village
i. The University management will provide alternative route for the community
ii. The community will be allowed to use the University pathways during
daytime
7.3.11 Change in social values and ethics
Ethical training and discussion will be conducted in collaboration with government
and non-government stakeholders
Impacts on physical environment
7.3.12 Increased runoff/storm water
i. The design of storm water drainage will be given a high priority;
ii. Where feasible, rainwater harvesting will be used in proposed project sites to
minimise generation of surface runoff; and,
iii. The design shall provide sufficient greenery area for facilitating soil
infiltration.
7.3.13 Land pollution
vii. Septic tank and soak away pits shall be designed in such a way waste
treatment is achieved by 100% before disposal to the authorised disposal
sites(UASB); and
viii. No, on-site burial or open burning of solid waste shall be permitted.
ix. Wastes not suitable for incineration and general municipal waste dumping
(e.g. plastics, rubbers, tires, etc.) shall be removed for recycling, treatment,
and/or disposal by a licensed contractor as appropriate.
x. There should be proper procedure for handling hazardous waste such as oils,
lubricants and non-combustible waste.
xi. Wastes not suitable for incineration and general municipal waste dumping
(e.g. plastics, rubbers, tires, etc.) shall be removed for recycling, treatment,
and/or disposal by a licensed contractor as appropriate.
7.3.14 Surface and ground water pollution
iv. The design of storm water drainage will be given a high priority;
v. Where feasible, rainwater harvesting will be used in proposed project sites to
minimise generation of surface runoff; and,
159
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
vi. The design shall provide sufficient greenery area for facilitating soil
infiltration.
7.3.15 Health and safety risks due to fire hazards
i.Adequate number of portable fire extinguishers shall be placed at strategic
locations;
ii.Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all sites to reduce the fire risk;
iii.The design of buildings shall strictly adhere to the Fire Safety Standards;
iv.Regular fire and other disaster drills and awareness training shall be conducted;
v.Fire detectors and sprinkler system shall be installed in the buildings; and
vi.The proponent shall insure buildings against fire Hazards.
vii.Install water tanks
7.3.16 Contribution to Climate Change
ARU shall reduce direct and indirect greenhouse gas generation in the following
ways;
i. To change the consumption behaviour in terms of energy and water
ii. Use of renewable energy technologies to minimize the carbon dioxide
emission.
iii. Promote use of natural green space at the campus to increase energy saving
iv. The university shall transform to digital software operated work, in order to
minimize paper consumption rates. This will greatly influence the educational
standards. And will save a great deal to reduce the amount of forest resources
consumed.
7.3.17 Increased solid waste generation
i. ARU management shall provide adequate waste handling facilities such as waste
bins for temporarily holding waste before disposal.
ii. A private cleanliness firm with adequate number of staff shall be commissioned to
ensure cleanliness.
iii. The skip buckets shall be emptied in authorized landfill twice a week.
iv. All hazardous waste shall be handled by registered authorized dealers recognized
by NEMC
7.3.18 Increased liquid waste generation
i. The campus shall have liquid waste to collect the wastewater (sewage) to
treatment facilities found at the campus
ii. The collected sewage shall be disposed in septic tank systems before final disposal
7.3.19 Visual impacts
i. Locating noise development further away from the general public.
ii. Light pollution can be reduced by keeping lighting (e.g. of parking lots) to the
minimum levels needed for safety, and through the careful choice of light
fixtures such as the use of flat-glass lanterns in car parks
160
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
7.4 MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DECOMMISSIONING PHASE
Social impacts
7.4.1 Loss of employment
Seminars shall be conducted on alternative means of livelihood after termination
of job
Environmental Impacts
7.4.2 Loss of aesthetics due to haphazard disposal of demolished waste
iii. The debris resulting from the demolition will either be transported by a licensed
waste transporter for dumping at an approved site or used as base material for new
construction work;
iv. All the necessary health and safety measures will be implemented including
provision of personal protective equipment such as, safety harnesses, helmets,
gloves, respirators, safety shoes, coveralls, goggles and ear protectors; and
v. Restoration of the affected land will involve the filling in of any open pits and
grading the land to its natural contours, then planting appropriate tree species and
under cover vegetation to hold the soil in place and to prevent flooding.
7.4.3 Noise and Vibration
i.Planning activities in consultation with local communities so that activities with
the greatest potential to generate noise are planned during periods of the day that
will result in least disturbance ·
ii.Using noise control devices, such as temporary noise barriers and deflectors for
impact and blasting activities, and exhaust muffling devices for combustion
engines.
iii.Avoiding or minimizing project transportation through community areas
7.4.4 Occupational Health and Safety
i. Training of workers in lifting and materials handling techniques in
decommissioning projects, including the placement of weight limits above which
mechanical assists or two-person lifts are necessary
ii. Planning work site layout to minimize the need for manual transfer of heavy loads
iii. Selecting tools and designing work stations that reduce force requirements and
holding times, and which promote improved postures, including, where
applicable, user adjustable work stations
iv. Implementing administrative controls into work processes, such as job rotations
and rest or stretch breaks
v. Implementing good house-keeping practices, such as the sorting and placing loose
construction materials or demolition debris in established areas away from foot
paths
vi. Cleaning up excessive waste debris and liquid spills regularly
vii. Locating electrical cords and ropes in common areas and marked corridors
viii. Wearing appropriate PPE, such as safety glasses with side shields, face shields,
hard hats, and safety shoes
ix. Using a designated and restricted waste drop or discharge zones, and/or a chute
for safe movement of wastes from upper to lower levels
161
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
7.5. ENHANCEMENT MEASURES FOR POSTIVE PROJECT IMPACTS
Enhancement measures for project positive impacts during preparatory and
construction phases
7.5.1 New source of income for the people living around project area
In order for the project to maximize the benefits to the local communities in making it
a new source of their income, the following enhancement measures are highly
recommended
i. Skills trainings and recruitment of employees should be given priority to
the local communities
ii. Employment should be gender sensitive
iii. Reasonable wages should be paid to both skilled and unskilled laborers to be
employed by the project
iv. Qualified local vendors/ entrepreneurs should be given priorities to supply
different goods and services to the project site
7.5.2 Increase in both formal and informal employment
The project is expected to provide employment to both skilled and unskilled laborers
as well to both the people living around the project sites and those coming from far
areas within and outside Tanzania. In order for the project to maximize this benefit to
both local and outsider’s employee, the following enhancement measures are highly
recommended
i. Skills trainings and recruitment of employees should be given priority
to the local communities
ii. Employment should be gender sensitive
iii. Employment opportunities to be offered based on merits and known
interviewing procedures and grading systems.
iv. Reasonable wages should be paid to both skilled and unskilled laborers to be
employed by the project
7.5.3 Improved quality of life and standard of living
It is expected that, the increase in employment and entrepreneurship opportunities for
local people in the area have positive impacts on the quality of people living close to
the project site. In order to enhance these benefits, the project is advised to do the
followings;
i. Creating awareness to the workers on employment schemes
ii. Provision of training opportunities and entrepreneurial skills
iii. Provide awareness to the local communities to use the opportunities available
to improve their lives
iv. Paying workers reasonable wages
v. Supporting the local communities to provide quality social services to the
people in the area.
vi. Pay reasonable price to the sugar cane produced by out growers and other
community members in the area
7.5.4 Increased Revenues to local authorities
The proposed project will increase the level of doing trade and investment in the area,
which are main sources of revenues for the local communities. In order to enhance
162
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
revenue collection arising from direct from the project activities or indirect activities
like trade and investment, the following enhancement measures are very vital
i. Local authorities should identify the new sources of revenue in the area
ii. Strengthening revenue collection mechanisms
iii. Awareness creation for the people in the area on the importance of paying
revenues
iv. Accountability in revenue collection among local authority employees
v. Enhanced cooperation between the project and local authorities
7.5.5 Increased skills to local communities
In order to maximize the infusion of skills to the community members surrounding
the project, the followings actions should be done;
i. Conduct training needs assessments
ii. Initiate capacity building session base on the training needs assessments
iii. Initiate short courses to help community members improve their activities
iv. Cooperate with other social institutions in the area to identify challenges
associated with skills development
7.5.6 Growth of trading activities around project site
In order to speed up business growth and maximize its benefits thereafter, the
following are recommended as enhancement measures;
i. Improve the infrastructure like roads in the project site
ii. Improve the availability of services in the project site
iii. Create favorable environment for traders to work with the projects
iv. Pay reasonable wages to both formal and informal employees
v. Create favorable environment for investors and contractors to work with the
project
7.5.7 The growth of banking activities in the project area
The growth of population, investment and trading activities in the projects area will
attract some banks to open their offices. In order to maximize this benefit, the project
has to do the following;
i. To connect workers, students with interested banks
ii. To make all the payment whether formal or informal through the banking
system
iii. To invite different banks to come and talk to both employees, students and
other community members
iv. If possible and under certain agreements, to provide a space for the banks to
open their branches
Enhancement measures for project positive impacts during operation phase
7.5.8 Increase of students enrolment to ARU
i. Gender and disadvantaged groups will be considered during the students
selection process
ii. ARU shall increase advertisement to attract more students to study the priority
programmes for the Nation
163
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
7.5.9 Increase of revenue to ARU
i. ARU shall innovate business activities linked with academic activities for
enhancing income of the University
7.5.10 Job creation
i. Employment shall be on equal opportunities for all genders.
7.5.11 Increased commercial and social activities at ARU
i. Provide good security within the project area and area of influence.
ii. Create conducive business opportunities for attracting investments
7.5.12 Growth of Trade and Increased Investment around ARU
i. Sensitize the community to invest to accommodate business opportunities
inclined by the increasing students’ enrolment
7.5.13 Production of skilled labour force for nation development
ii. Production of skilled labour force for implementing various development
policies, plans and goals for sustainable social and economic growth of the
Nation
7.5.14 The growth of banking activities in the project area
i. Provide good security within the project area and area of influence.
ii. Create conducive business environment for investment
7.5.15 Increased Revenues to local authorities
ii. Local authorities should identify the new sources of revenue in the area
iii. Strengthening revenue collection mechanisms
iv. Awareness creation for the people in the area on the importance of paying
revenues
v. Accountability in revenue collection among local authority employees
vi. Enhanced cooperation between the project and local authorities
164
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER EIGHT
8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 Impact Management plan
Plans for the implementation of mitigation measures for the proposed project are
provided in this Chapter. The Plans indicate institutional responsibilities, time to take
the action, monitoring frequency and estimated costs (Table 7.1). The proposed costs
are only indicative, should the proposed development proceed with the suggested
changes, the developer will estimate actual costs and include them in the overall cost
of the project.
The design of the mitigation measures for the identified Environmental and Social
impacts applied the mitigation hierarchy suggested in the ESF (i.e. ESS1) which are:
a) Anticipate and avoid risks and impacts;
b) Where avoidance is not possible, minimize or reduce risks and impacts to
acceptable levels;
c) Once risks and impacts have been minimized or reduced, mitigate; and
d) Where significant residual impacts remain, compensate for or offset them,
where technically and financially feasible.
8.2 Implementation of the Management Plan
The environmental and social mitigation measures incorporated in the detailed
engineering design shall be handed over to the contractor during construction period.
The Contractor shall take stock of the contents of the Environmental and Social
Management Plan of the Project. The contractor shall implement the ESMP during the
construction period under close supervision of ARU Management.
During implementation, the ARU Estate department shall be responsible for:
• Ensuring that ARU staff and student are aware of the project implementation
• Ensuring that the implementation of the ESMP is part of the Contractor's
contractual obligations. ARU procurement entity will supervise the tendering
process for all service providers;
• Ensuring that the ESMP is implemented and approval conditions are observed
during the mobilization, construction and operation of the project.
During the Operation Phase, ARU Management will manage the building and
implement the ESMP. When the project reaches a stage of decommissioning, the
ARU shall prepare a decommissioning plan that will include risks and impacts not
limited to environmental and social issues highlighted in the ESMP.
165
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
8.3 Environmental and Social Cost
The principal environmental and social cost includes the cost for implementing the
mitigation measures proposed. These costs are indicated in Table 8.1. ARU shall
cover all the costs proposed in the ESMP.
166
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table 8.1: Environmental and Social Impact Management Plan for the proposed establishment of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
Preparatory phase
Local Conflicts i. Involve local communities in the identification of the ARU/Village Preparatory Weekly 500,000
arising from land project boundaries; Leaders phase
use and land ii. To raise awareness to the communities on the available
ownership laws guiding land ownership and land use; and
iii. To develop a clear demarcation of the land owned by
both parties engaged in a conflict through a
participatory approach.
Increased pressure i. Limit the number of unskilled workers recruited from ARU/Village Preparatory Daily 30,000,000
on social services outside the direct vicinity as far as possible. Leaders phase
ii. Provide First Aid Facilities on site.
iii. Explore alternative sources of domestic water, such as
rainwater harvesting.
iv. Link to mandated structures to support improvement of
social and infrastructural services at the project site and
communities surrounding project area.
Risk of i. Geotechnical studies, Environmental and social impact ARU/Village Preparatory Daily 200,000,000
buildings/structural assessment studies, master plans and feasibility studies Leaders phase
designs to have shall be done by competent professionals to ascertain
potential to generate the project risks hazard profile of the site
emergency/disaster ii. Structural elements of a project will be designed and
events constructed by competent professionals, and certified or
approved by competent authorities or professionals.
The Structural design will take into account climate
change considerations, as appropriate.
167
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
iii. Where the project includes new buildings and
structures that will be accessed by members of the
public, the ARU will consider the incremental risks of
the public’s potential exposure to operational accidents
or natural hazards, including extreme weather events.
Where technically and financially feasible, ARU will
also apply the concept of universal access to the design
and construction of such new buildings and structures
iv. Where the project involves provision of services to
communities, ARU will establish and implement
appropriate quality management systems to anticipate
and minimize risks and impacts that such services may
have on community health and safety. In such
circumstances, ARU will also apply the concept of
universal access, where technically and financially
feasible
v. ARU will conduct a risk hazard assessment (RHA) to
projects having potential to generate emergency
events), as part of the environmental and social
assessment undertaken pursuant to ESS1. Based on the
results of the RHA, ARU will prepare an Emergency
Response Plan (ERP) in coordination with the relevant
local authorities and the affected community, and will
take into account the emergency prevention,
preparedness and response arrangements put into place
with project workers under ESS2. ERP will include, as
appropriate: (a) engineering controls (such as
168
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
containment, automatic alarms, and shutoff systems)
proportionate to the nature and scale of the hazard; (b)
identification of and secure access to emergency
equipment available on-site and nearby; (c) notification
procedures for designated emergency responders; (d)
diverse media channels for notification of the affected
community and other stakeholders; (e) a training
program for emergency responders including drills at
regular intervals; (f) public evacuation procedures; (g)
designated coordinator for ERP implementation; and
(h) measures for restoration and cleanup of the
environment following any major accident
Increase in pressure i. Exploitation of construction materials will take place ARU/Sengere Preparatory Daily 30,000,000
on natural resources from authorized and reliable sources only; ma phase
ii. Restoration of the borrow pits/quarries after use- DC/Leaders
constituting of levelling the area and seeding or
planting of trees and/or grasses will be done in
association with local government (department
responsible for natural resources) and local
environmental NGOs. If appropriate, the levelled area
will be left for natural re-vegetation
iii. When the project is a potentially significant user of
energy, the ARU will adopt measures specified in the
EHSGs to optimize energy usage, to the extent
technically and financially feasible
iv. When the project is a potentially significant user of
water or will have potentially significant risks and
169
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
impacts on water quality, in addition to applying the
resource efficiency requirements, ARU shall use
additional technically feasible water conservation
measures, the use of alternative water supplies, water
consumption offsets to maintain total demand for water
resources within the available supply, and evaluation of
alternative project locations.
Sub-total during preparatory phase 271,500,000
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Community health, i. GBV, SEA and sexual harassment training before Contractor/ Construction Daily 2,000,000
safety risks and working on the Project which will be provided by the ARU phase
security from the Community Social Officers from the LGA and on the
handling, transport, Child and Gender desk of the police. This will include
and disposal of information on the GBV reporting mechanisms.
construction wastes ii. Institute good site practices including preventing public
access to the construction site by securing equipment
and demarcating project boundaries using warning signs
with appropriate text (local language) and graphic
displays.
iii. Institute traffic management and safety programme
including, training and testing of heavy vehicles
operators and drivers, enforcement of speed limits,
maximum loading restrictions and compliance with all
Tanzania transportation law and standards.
iv. Awareness campaigns/education on HIV and STDs shall
be provided to workers and the community.
v. Low-skilled workers will be hired around the project
170
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
jurisdiction if necessary, to reduce the population of
foreigners.
vi. Protect stockpiles of friable material subject to wind
through wetting.
vii. Cover loads with friable material during transportation.
viii. Contractors will be provided with signage on issues such
as HIV/AIDS, GBV etc which will be posted at
worksites.
ix. Contractors/workers will attend education sessions on
disease transmission notably HIV/AIDS, and malaria
and will implement the control measures needed to
protect public health.
x. Contractors/workers will ensure good housekeeping
arrangements on-site to avoid creating breeding grounds
for rodents and insects which can spread diseases.
xi. Contractors will ensure access to potable water for all
workers.
xii. Contractors will be required to abide by national law
about vehicle conditions and movements and behaviour
of drivers.
xiii. Signage will be erected at construction sites to advise
the community of the dangers of entering the site and
appropriate barricades (fencing, tape etc) will be put in
place, especially around quarries, trenches, etc.
xiv. Contractor shall develop and use the traffic management
plan
Gender based The project will prepare a GBV Action Plan that ensures Contractor/ Construction Daily 5,000,000
171
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
violence project awareness raising strategy (for workers and ARU phase
community members), a list of GBV service Providers to
which GBV survivors will be referred, revisions to the
GRM to ensure it can address GBV complaints, and
information on GBV allegation procedures in the
workplace.
Gender This project will ensure that there is involvement of Contractor/ Construction Daily 500,000
discrimination women in project activities. ARU phase
Child labour i. ARU will conduct regular monitoring of project Contractor/ Construction Daily 500,000
workers in relation to health, working conditions, hours ARU phase
of work, minimum age, and the other requirement of
national law
ii. Work with local authorities and schools in the area to
control school drop out
iii. Cooperate with relevant authorities like Ministry of
Labour to control child labour
iv. Create awareness raising to the communities on the
importance of education to the children
v. The local authorities should develop bylaws to control
the engagement of children in petty business or work in
project related activities
Food Insecurity and i. Encourage traders to supply food and other products to Contractor/ Construction Daily 500,000
inflation of prices the project area. ARU phase
on other social ii. Sensitization of the surrounding communities in order
services to make them aware of the employment and hence
income generating opportunities with the proposed
project.
172
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
iii. Provide more avenues for service providers e.g.
cafeteria and restaurants
Increased level of i. Sengerema District to strengthen security services by Contractor/ Construction Daily 1,000,000
crimes provision of more police stations/posts. ARU phase
ii. Establish community based security in collaboration
with village/ward leaders.
iii. The contractor shall establish his own security to
protect his properties and should establish community
policing to support insufficient police force.
iv. The community should be encouraged to participate in
security matters by providing information on suspects
v. The cooperation of local people together will help to
lessen criminal incidents and maintain security of
people and their properties.
Increased pressure i. Limit the number of unskilled workers recruited from Contractor/ Construction Monthly 30,000,000
on social services outside project area ARU phase
ii. Provide First Aid Facilities on site.
iii. Explore alternative sources of domestic water, such as
rainwater harvesting.
iv. Link to mandated structures to support improvement of
social and infrastructural services in villages at the
project area.
v. Duty to the community requirement may be applied to
justify the construction of new social services
infrastructures or cooperate with local structures to
strengthen the existing social services infrastructures
Restrictions on i. New Alternative roads shall be constructed Contractor/ Construction Daily 500,000
173
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
using community ii. Improving the existing alternative roads ARU phase
road passing iv. Allow people to pass through project site during day
through project site time
v.
Occupational i. Implementing good house-keeping practices, such as Contractor/ Construction Daily
Health and Safety the sorting and placing loose construction materials or ARU phase
demolition debris in established areas away from foot
paths
ii. Cleaning up excessive waste debris and liquid spills
regularly
iii. Locating electrical cords and ropes in common areas
and marked corridors
iv. Use of slip retardant footwear
v. Training and use of temporary fall prevention devices,
such as rails or other barriers able to support a heavy
loads, when working at heights equal or greater than
two meters or at any height if the risk includes falling
into operating machinery, into water or other liquid,
into hazardous substances, or through an opening in a
work surface
vi. Training and use of personal fall arrest systems, such as
full body harnesses and energy absorbing lanyards able
to support heavy loads (also described in this section in
Working at Heights above), as well as fall rescue
procedures to deal with workers whose fall has been
successfully arrested.
vii. The tie in point of the fall arresting system should also
174
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
be able to support heavy loads
viii. Use of control zones and safety monitoring systems to
warn workers of their proximity to fall hazard zones, as
well as securing, marking, and labeling covers for
openings in floors, roofs, or walking surfaces
ix. Using a designated and restricted waste drop or
discharge zones, and/or a chute for safe movement of
wastes from upper to lower levels
x. Conducting sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding,
chipping or chiseling with proper guards and anchoring
as applicable
xi. Maintaining clear traffic ways to avoid driving of
heavy equipment over loose scrap
xi. Use of temporary fall protection measures in scaffolds
and out edges of elevated work surfaces, such as hand
rails and toe boards to prevent materials from being
dislodged
xii. Wearing appropriate PPE, such as safety glasses with
side shields, face shields, hard hats, and safety shoes
xiii. Institute good site practices including prevent public
access to the construction site by securing equipment
and demarcate excavate, using warning signs with
appropriate text (local language) and graphic displays;
xiv. Planning and segregating the location of vehicle traffic,
machine operation, and walking areas, and controlling
vehicle traffic through the use of one-way traffic routes,
establishment of speed limits, and on-site trained flag-
175
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
people wearing high-visibility vests or outer clothing
covering to direct traffic
xv. Ensuring the visibility of personnel through their use of
high visibility vests when working in or walking
through heavy equipment operating areas, and training
of workers to verify eye contact with equipment
operators before approaching the operating vehicle
xvi. Ensuring moving equipment is outfitted with audible
back-up alarms
xvii.Using inspected and well-maintained lifting devices
that are appropriate for the load, such as cranes, and
securing loads when lifting them to higher job-site
elevations.
xviii.Awareness campaigns /Education on HIV and STDs
shall be provided to workers;
xix. A well-stocked First Aid kit (administered by medical
personnel) shall be maintained at construction site. The
medical personnel shall also be responsible for primary
treatment of ailments and other minor medical cases as
well as providing health education to the workforce;
xx. Reporting mechanisms for the public to register
concerns or complaints regarding perceived risks to
their health Emergency contact details in the event of
an accident shall be provided;
xxi. Training all contractor staff in emergency planning and
management;
xxii. Developing a detailed health and safety management
176
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
plan and training all contractor staff on the plan.
xxiii. Training of workers in lifting and materials handling
techniques in construction projects, including the
placement of weight limits above which mechanical
assists or two-person lifts are necessary
xxiv. Planning work site layout to minimize the need for
manual transfer of heavy loads
xxv. Selecting tools and designing work stations that reduce
force requirements and holding times, and which
promote improved postures, including, where
applicable, user adjustable work stations
xxvi. Implementing administrative controls into work
processes, such as job rotations and rest or stretch
breaks
Loss of biodiversity i. Clearance of patches of native forest remaining in the Contractor/ Construction Daily 6,000,000
(flora and fauna) neighborhood of the proposed project components shall ARU phase
be avoided;
ii. Close supervision of earthworks shall be observed in
order to confine land clearance within the project site;
iii. Appropriate landscaping programme to help in re-
vegetation of part of the project area after construction
shall be designed and implemented,
iv. Minimize the cutting or clearing of vegetation to extent
possible
Loss of habitat Appropriate landscaping programme to help in re- Contractor/ Construction Monthly 1,000,000
vegetation of part of the project area after construction ARU phase
shall be designed and implemented
177
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
Loss of ecosystem Appropriate landscaping programme to help in re- Contractor/ Construction Daily 1,000,000
services vegetation of part of the project area after construction ARU phase
shall be designed and implemented.
Acceleration of soil i. Construction will be done as per engineering design Contractor/ Construction Monthly 30,000,000
erosion and procedure of which a maximum requirement of ARU phase
compaction strength is achieved during the
construction. That is maximum dry density (MDD)
specified in the design manual by consultant;
ii. Maintain gravel fill and/or re-vegetate around the
structures;
iii. Unnecessary ground clearance and sensitive re-
alignments shall be avoided;
iv. Directing flow to properly designated channels;
v. All excavation works shall be properly backfilled and
compacted
vi. Most of construction activities will be done during dry
weather;
vii. Mulching to stabilize exposed areas;
viii. Designing channels and ditches for post-construction
flows
ix. Lining steep channel and slopes (e.g. use jute matting)
and
x. Reducing or preventing off-site sediment transport
through use of settlement ponds, silt fences, and water
treatment, and modifying or suspending activities
during extreme rainfall and high winds to the extent
practical.
178
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
Generation of liquid i. Contractor shall be instructed to put in place acceptable Contractor/ Construction Daily 1,500,000
waste procedure for handling hazardous waste such as oils, ARU phase
lubricants and non-combustible waste;
ii. Construction workers shall be provided
portable/temporary toilets (portapoty) by contractor;
and
iii. Training on waste management shall be done for all
personnel, operators and service providers.
Generation of solid i. The contractor shall have adequate facilities for Contractor/ Construction Daily 2,000,000
waste handling the construction waste; and ARU phase
ii. Topsoil shall be stock piled and used for reclamation or
re-vegetation at the site during landscaping.
iii. Training on waste management shall be done to all
personnel, operators and service providers.
iv. All materials which can be reused shall be reused.
v. Materials that cannot be reused shall be sent to an
authorised dumpsite.
vi. The contractor shall have adequate facilities for
segregating, handling and storing the construction
waste.
vii. Topsoil shall be stockpiled and used for reclamation or
re-vegetation at the site during landscaping.
Air pollution Impairment of air quality due to emissions Contractor/ Construction Daily 6,000,000
i. Equipment shall be maintained in good running ARU phase
condition and equipment, which generate excessive
black smoke shall not be used;
179
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
ii. Enforce vehicle road restrictions to avoid excessive
emissions from engine overloading, where practical
switching off engines will be done when machines are
not in use;
iii. There will be routine inspection of equipment;
iv. Turn off engines to reduce idling.
Impairment of Air Quality Due to Dust
v. Protect stockpiles of friable material subject to wind
through wetting;
vi. Cover loads with friable material during
transportation;
vii. Minimizing dust from material handling sources, such
as conveyors and bins, by using covers and/or control
equipment (water suppression, bag house, or cyclone);
viii. Minimizing dust from open area sources, including
storage piles, by using control measures such as
installing enclosures and covers, and increasing the
moisture content
ix. Dust suppression techniques should be implemented,
such as applying water or non-toxic chemicals to
minimize dust from vehicle movements
x. Avoiding open burning of solid
xi. Restrict speed on loose surface roads to 30 km/hr
during dry or dusty conditions; and,
xii. Douse with water work sites with loose open soil to
reduce dust generation when necessary
180
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
Contribution to i. Equipment shall be maintained in good running Contractor/ Construction Daily 3,000,000
climate change condition and equipment, which generate excessive ARU phase
black smoke shall not be used;
ii. Enforce vehicle road restrictions to avoid excessive
emissions from engine overloading, where practical
switching off engines will be done when machines are
not in use;
iii. There will be routine inspection of equipment;
iv. Turn off engines to reduce idling; and
v. Green spaces shall be maximized in project areas
Noise pollution i. Avoiding or minimizing project transportation through Contractor/ Construction Daily 10,000,000
community areas ARU phase
ii. Vehicles carrying construction materials shall be
restricted to work during day time only;
iii. Machine operators in various sections with significant
noise levels shall be provided with noise protective
gear; and,
iv. Construction equipment shall be selected, operated and
maintained to minimize noise.
v. ARU shall include in tenders, employment contracts,
subcontractor agreements and work method statements
clauses that assure the minimization of noise and
compliance with directions from management to
minimize noise;
vi. The Contractor shall be required to give preference to
the use quieter technology or other mitigation measures
rather than lengthening construction;
181
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
vii. Regularly train workers and contractors (such as at
toolbox talks) to use equipment in ways that minimize
noise;
viii. Ensure that site managers periodically check the site,
nearby residences and other sensitive receptors for
noise problems so that solutions can be quickly applied;
ix. Avoid shouting, and minimize talking loudly and
slamming vehicle doors;
x. Keep truck drivers informed of designated vehicle
routes, parking locations, acceptable delivery hours and
other relevant practices (e.g. minimizing the use of
engine brakes and periods of engine idling).
Generation of i. Impact pile driving shall be avoided where possible in Contractor/ Construction Daily N/A
vibrations vibration sensitive areas; and, ARU phase
ii. Vibratory rollers and packers shall be avoided.
Visual impacts i. Locating parts of the development further away from Contractor/ Construction Daily N/A
the general public. ARU phase
ii. Avoid light pollution through choice of light fixtures
when construction is done during the night
Generation of i. Providing adequate secondary containment for fuel Contractor/ Construction Daily 2,000,000
hazardous waste storage tanks and for the temporary storage of other ARU phase
fluids such as lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids,
ii. Using impervious surfaces for refueling areas and
other fluid transfer areas
iii. Training workers on the correct transfer and handling
182
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
of fuels and chemicals and the response to spills
iv. Providing portable spill containment and cleanup
equipment on site and training in the equipment
deployment
v. Assessing the contents of hazardous materials and
petroleum-based products in building systems (e.g.
PCB containing electrical equipment, asbestos-
containing building materials) and process equipment
and removing them prior to initiation of
decommissioning activities, and managing their
treatment and disposal
vi. Assessing the presence of hazardous substances in or
on building materials (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls,
asbestos containing flooring or insulation) and
decontaminating or properly managing contaminated
building materials
vii. All hazardous materials shall be handled by registered
personnel/company
Land pollution i. There should proper separation of materials and Contractor/ Construction Daily 10,000,000
wastes,-selection (eg more environmental friendly, ARU phase
etc.), less use, proper storage, etc.
ii. An efficient collection and disposal system based on
the principles of reduction, re-use and recycling of
materials, shall be instituted at project areas.
iii. Ensure proper waste segregation and introduction of
waste disposal bins, and warning notices, posted at
183
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
strategic points;
iv. No, on-site burial or open burning of solid waste shall
be permitted.
v. There should be proper procedure for handling
hazardous waste such as oils, lubricants and non-
combustible waste.
Sub-total during construction phase 112,500,000
OPERATION PHASE
Increased i. A safety, health and environment induction course shall ARU Operation Daily 200,000,000
incidences of be conducted to all students and workers, putting more phase
diseases and ill emphasis on HIV/AIDS, which has become a national
health
disaster as well as other emerging pandemics such as
COVID 19 and dengue fever;
ii. The project shall include information education and
communication component (IEC) in its budget. This
will help to raise more awareness on HIV/AIDS, and
means to suppress its incidence;
iii. Environmental sanitation systems shall be regularly
improved; and,
iv. Adequate medical services shall be made available at
the University dispensary for meeting the population
demand.
Increased pressure i. Use of water conservatively by instituting technologies ARU Operation Daily 20,000,000
on social (e.g. self-lock water taps) and awareness raising notices phase
services/facilities to users, etc.;
184
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
and utilities ii. Construction of underground water reserve tank and
introducing rainwater harvest system;
iii. Link to mandated structures to support improvement of
social and infrastructural services at Ardhi University
and communities adjacent to the project area.
iv. Duty to the community requirement may be applied to
justify the construction of new social services
infrastructures or cooperate with local structures to
strengthen the existing social services infrastructures
v. Extraction of underground water resources;
vi. Alternative measures like use of solar power, drilling a
borehole at site, water recycling shall be explored and
implemented if found feasible. For instance, use of
energy savers bulbs shall be given high priority; and
vii. Use of air conditioning shall be kept to a minimum and
maintenance of the cool indoor environment using
natural ventilation system shall be strongly explored
during the design process.
Gender based The project will prepare a GBV Action Plan that ensures ARU Operation Quarterly 5,000,000
violence project awareness raising strategy (for workers and phase monitoring and
community members), a list of GBV service Providers to Verification
which GBV survivors will be referred, revisions to the Report
GRM to ensure it can address GBV complaints, and
information on GBV allegation procedures in the
workplace.
Gender This project will ensure that there is involvement of ARU Operation Quarterly 5,000,000
discrimination women in project activities. phase monitoring and
185
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
Verification
Report
Child labour i. ARU will conduct regular monitoring of project ARU Operation Quarterly 7,000,000
workers in relation to health, working conditions, hours phase monitoring and
of work, minimum age, and the other requirement of Verification
national law. Report
ii. Work with local authorities and schools in the area to
control school drop out
iii. Cooperate with relevant authorities like Ministry of
Labour to control child labour
iv. Create awareness raising to the communities on the
importance of education to the children
v. The local authorities should develop bylaws to control
the engagement of children in petty business or work in
project related activities
Food Insecurity and i. Encourage traders to supply food and other products to ARU Operation Quarterly 5,000,000
inflation of prices the project area. phase monitoring and
on other social ii. Sensitization of the surrounding communities in order Verification
services to make them aware of the employment and hence Report
income generating opportunities with the proposed
project.
iii. Provide more avenues for service providers e.g.
cafeteria and restaurants
Increased level of i. Establish community based security in collaboration ARU Operation Quarterly 6,000,000
crimes with village/ward leaders. phase monitoring and
ii. The community should be encouraged to participate in Verification
security matters by providing information on suspects Report
186
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
iii. The cooperation of local people together will help to
lessen criminal incidents and maintain security of
people and their properties.
Increased i. The design of storm water drainage will be given a high ARU Operation Quarterly 80,000,000
runoff/storm water priority; phase monitoring and
ii. Where feasible, rainwater harvesting will be used in number of
proposed project sites to minimise generation of surface complaints on
runoff; and, health issues
iii. The design shall provide sufficient greenery area for
facilitating soil infiltration
Land pollution i. Septic tank and soak away pits shall be designed in Operation Quarterly 5,000,000
such a way waste treatment is achieved by 100% before phase monitoring and
disposal to the authorised disposal sites(UASB); and Verification
ii. No, on-site burial or open burning of solid waste shall Report
be permitted.
iii. Wastes not suitable for incineration and general
municipal waste dumping (e.g. plastics, rubbers, tires,
etc.) shall be removed for recycling, treatment, and/or
disposal by a licensed contractor as appropriate.
iv. There should be proper procedure for handling
hazardous waste such as oils, lubricants and non-
combustible waste
v. Wastes not suitable for incineration and general
municipal waste dumping (e.g. plastics, rubbers, tires,
etc.) shall be removed for recycling, treatment, and/or
disposal by a licensed contractor as appropriate.
187
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
Surface and ground i. The design of storm water drainage will be given a high ARU Operation Quarterly 30,000,000
water pollution priority; phase monitoring and
ii. Where feasible, rainwater harvesting will be used in Verification
proposed project sites to minimise generation of surface Report
runoff; and,
iii. The design shall provide sufficient greenery area for
facilitating soil infiltration.
Health and safety i. Adequate number of portable fire extinguishers shall be ARU Construction Daily 50,000,000
risks due to fire placed at strategic locations; phase
hazards ii. Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all sites to
reduce the fire risk;
iii. The design of buildings shall strictly adhere to the Fire
Safety Standards;
iv. Regular fire and other disaster drills and awareness
training shall be conducted;
v. Fire detectors and sprinkler system shall be installed in
the buildings; and
vi. The proponent shall insure buildings against fire
Hazards.
vii. Install water tanks
Increased solid i. ARU management shall provide adequate waste ARU Operation Quarterly 6,000,000
waste generation handling facilities such as waste bins for temporarily phase monitoring and
holding waste before disposal. Verification
ii. A private cleanliness firm with adequate number of Report
staff shall be commissioned to ensure cleanliness.
iii. The skip buckets shall be emptied in authorized landfill
twice a week.
188
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
iv. All hazardous waste shall be handled by registered
authorized dealers recognized by NEMC
Increased liquid i. The campus shall have liquid waste to collect the ARU Operation Quarterly 150,000,000
waste generation wastewater (sewage) to treatment facilities found at the phase monitoring and
campus Verification
ii. The collected sewage shall be disposed in septic tank Report
systems before final disposal
Visual impacts i. Locating noise development further away from the ARU Operation Quarterly 3,000,000
general public. phase monitoring and
ii. Light pollution can be reduced by keeping lighting (e.g. Verification
of parking lots) to the minimum levels needed for Report
safety, and through the careful choice of light fixtures
such as the use of flat-glass lanterns in car parks
Sub-total during Operation phase 572,000,000
DECOMMISSIONING PHASE
Loss of Seminars shall be conducted on alternative means of ARU Decommissioni 10,000,000
employment livelihood after termination of job ng phase
Loss of aesthetics i. The debris resulting from the demolition will either be ARU Decommissioni Daily 50,000,000
due to haphazard transported by a licensed waste transporter for ng phase
disposal of dumping at an approved site or used as base material
demolished waste for new construction work;
ii. All the necessary health and safety measures will be
implemented including provision of personal
189
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
protective equipment such as, safety harnesses,
helmets, gloves, respirators, safety shoes, coveralls,
goggles and ear protectors; and
iii. Restoration of the affected land will involve the filling
in of any open pits and grading the land to its natural
contours, then planting appropriate tree species and
under cover vegetation to hold the soil in place and to
prevent flooding.
Noise and Vibration i. Planning activities in consultation with local ARU Decommissioni Daily 50,000,000
communities so that activities with the greatest ng phase
potential to generate noise are planned during periods
of the day that will result in least disturbance ·
ii. Using noise control devices, such as temporary noise
barriers and deflectors for impact and blasting
activities, and exhaust muffling devices for
combustion engines.
iii. Avoiding or minimizing project transportation through
community areas
iv. Water sprinkling shall be applied to open earth to
reduce dust emission;
v. Trucks transporting construction materials shall be
covered if the load is dry and prone to dust emissions;
vi. The demolition area shall be fenced with iron sheets;
this shall prevent the dust at the ground to be picked
up by the wind;
vii. Public notifications shall be sent where appropriate
especially in nearby residential areas likely to be
190
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
impacted by dust;
viii. Construction equipment, with noise sinks, shall be
used;
ix. Machine operators in various sections with significant
noise levels shall be provided with noise protective
gear
x. Construction equipment shall be selected, operated
and maintained to minimize noise
191
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Identified Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Time of Monitoring Relative cost
Institution mitigation frequency (TZS)
Occupational i. Training of workers in lifting and materials handling ARU Decommissioni Daily 10,000,000
Health and Safety techniques in decommissioning projects, including the ng phase
placement of weight limits above which mechanical
assists or two-person lifts are necessary
ii. Planning work site layout to minimize the need for
manual transfer of heavy loads
iii. Selecting tools and designing work stations that reduce
force requirements and holding times, and which
promote improved postures, including, where
applicable, user adjustable work stations
iv. Implementing administrative controls into work
processes, such as job rotations and rest or stretch
breaks
v. Implementing good house-keeping practices, such as
the sorting and placing loose construction materials or
demolition debris in established areas away from foot
paths
vi. Cleaning up excessive waste debris and liquid spills
regularly
vii. Locating electrical cords and ropes in common areas
and marked corridors
viii. Wearing appropriate PPE, such as safety glasses with
side shields, face shields, hard hats, and safety shoes
ix. Using a designated and restricted waste drop or
discharge zones, and/or a chute for safe movement of
wastes from upper to lower levels
Sub-total during decommissioning phase 120,000,000
192
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER NINE
9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN
9.1 Introduction
Monitoring refers to the systematic collection of data through a series of repetitive measurements
over a long period of time to provide information on characteristics and functioning of
environmental and social variables in specific areas over time. There are four types of
monitoring that are relevant to this EIA.
• Baseline monitoring: the measurement of environmental parameters during a pre-project
period and operation period to determine the nature and ranges of natural variations and
where possible establish the process of change.
• Impact/effect monitoring: involves the measurement of parameters (performance
indicators) during establishment, operation and decommissioning phase in order to detect
and quantify environmental and social change, which may have occurred as a result of
the project. This monitoring provides experience for future projects and lessons that can
be used to improve implementation methods and techniques.
• Compliance monitoring: takes the form of periodic sampling and continuous
measurement of relevant parameter levels for checking compliance with standards and
thresholds – e.g. for waste discharge, air pollution.
• Mitigation monitoring aims to determine the suitability and effectiveness of mitigation
programs designed to diminish or compensate for adverse effects of the project.
To ensure that mitigation measures are properly done, monitoring is essential. Table 8.1 provides
details of the attributes to be monitored, frequency, and institutional responsibility and estimated
costs. These costs are only approximations and therefore indicative. Costs that are to be covered
by the developer are to be included in the project cost.
9.2 Health and Safety Monitoring
This shall involve careful observation of health and safety regulations and guidelines.
Construction phase:
o The safeguard personnel of the contractor shall monitor availability and use of safety
gears including helmets, coats, shoes, gloves and dust masks to protect them from
exposure to various products, etc;
o The contractor shall hire a health specialist to monitor measures in place for
prevention of the transmission of communicative diseases between the local
community and construction workers. Monitoring may include conduction of
voluntary HIV/AIDS testing and checking availability of free condoms at the
construction site.
o Monitor availability of adequate First Aid facilities and a trained first Aider on site.
• During the operation phase;
o ARU shall monitor availability and adequacy of safety equipment such as fire alarms and
fire extinguishers provision in all buildings;
o Monitor functioning of constructed sanitation facilities, and waste management facilities;
and
193
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
o Monitoring safety environment in the laboratories (safe use of chemicals, use of
protective gears while in the lab, storage of chemicals and so forth).
9.3 Cumulative impact monitoring
This development over time will result in a variety of changes. The most evident of these
changes may be:
• This development will see a significant change in the land cover and landscape of the
area; and
• The general culture of the area would change. A more likely result is a formal urban
setting with the associated physical infrastructure and amenities. ARU shall monitor
landscape and cultural changes with time, in order to device management mechanism.
9.4 Monitoring of key environmental and social parameters
Monitoring of all key environmental and social parameters that could potentially lead to an
impact will be required to analyse the impacts of construction and operation on the environment.
Therefore, self-monitoring and reporting techniques will be adopted to carry out monitoring.
ARU Management shall be responsible for monitoring of residual impacts. The EIA has
proposed monitoring techniques, monitoring frequency and methodology of selected parameters.
Monitoring costs have also been provided.
An outline of the monitoring programmes proposed for the construction and operation phases, is
presented in Tables 9.1 to 9.3. Monitoring process will enable ARU to understand how
environmental performance will change over time and facilitate improvements to the
Environmental and social management system.
9.5 Monitoring Responsibility
The monitoring of environmental and social parameters during the construction phase shall be
carried out by the Contractor’s safeguard team (i.e. Environmental and social and safety experts),
under the supervision of the Consultant’s safeguard team. They will conduct mitigation
monitoring as part of the regular works inspections. The Contractor’s Environmental Manager
and ARU safeguard team will undertake scheduled site inspection. A monthly Environmental
and Social Compliance Report will be produced following each inspection and will incorporate
any actions identified during inspections and site meetings. The inspection report will summarize
the status of the site's compliance, and include photographic records if appropriate.
The independent firm to be hired by ARU shall have Environmental and Social Specialists to
monitor and review on-site implementation of the E&S measures. The specialists shall have
qualifications as stipulated in ESMF- Environmental specialist shall have a master degree in
Environmental Management or related field with at least five years of experience in
Environmental impact assessment of civil works and working as environmental supervision,
inspection, monitoring and or coordinator of environmental management plan. He/she shall be
registered by NEMC and knowledgeable with World Bank Safeguards Policies. The Social
Specialist shall have a master degree in Sociology, Anthropology or related field with at least
five years of experience in managing social impacts including Resettlement planning and
implementation, stakeholder engagement, information and education campaigns etc. on civil
works site. She/he will be knowledgeable in World Bank Safeguards Policies.
194
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Notwithstanding, the responsibility for mitigation and monitoring during the operation phase will
lie with the ARU Estate Department. ARU shall be responsible to produce reports on
environmental and social compliance during operation, as part of their annual progress reports
and annual EHS monitoring/Audit reports. Depending on the implementation status and
sensitivity of any emerging issues, OSHA and /or NEMC will perform annual EHS reviews in
which environmental concerns raised will be reviewed alongside project implementation.
195
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Table 9.1: Monitoring programme during the construction phase
Receptor/ Monitoring activities Monitoring parameter Timing Responsibility Cost (TZS)
Impact per year
Noise level Noise levels measurement Day and night noise Quarterly Contractor 3,000,000
(within 500 m)* levels
Air quality Measurement of ambient Temperature Quarterly Contractor 8,000,000
gaseous pollutants and H2S,
dust** SOx,
NOx and Dust
Health and Inspection; -Availability and Quarterly Contractor/ 16,000,000
safety Voluntary testing; functionability of H & S Fire/OSHA
facilities;
-Functionability of
sanitation facilities
Analyse records of accidents Number and types of Monthly Contractor/ 3,000,000
and incidents accidents and incidents ARU
Grievance -Analyse records of workers Number and types of Monthly Contractor/ 1,000,000
and community grievance grievance reported and OSHA/ARU
solved
Total 31,000,000
Table 9.2: Monitoring programme during operation phase
Receptor Monitoring activities Monitoring Timing Responsibility Cost
parameter
Underground Measurement of ground Physicochemical and Semi annual ARU 5,000,000
water water quality at direct bacteriological
interference (within 500 parameters (i.e. pH,
m) EC, pathogens, heavy
metals)
Ground/soil Quality of wastewater Physicochemical and Physicochemical Physicochemical
discharges*** bacteriological and and
196
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Receptor Monitoring activities Monitoring Timing Responsibility Cost
parameter
parameters (i.e. pH, bacteriological bacteriological
EC, pathogens, heavy parameters (i.e. parameters (i.e.
metals) pH, EC, pH, EC,
pathogens, pathogens,
heavy metals) heavy metals)
Noise Noise levels Day and night noise Semi annual ARU 3,000,000
measurement (within 500 levels
m)**
Community -Inspection of the -Number of accidents Monthly ARU 5,000,000
Safety emergency and detection and incidents recorded
systems; -Functionability,
-Verification of security number and location
system and access to the of safety facilities on
campus campus;
-Availability of
security guards and
lighting in proper
areas.
Safety in the Inspection of lab facilities Visual inspection and As per the ARU 3,000,000
laboratories & equipment; records manufactures
-Verification of expertise verifying the requirements
of laboratory instructors; condition of the
-Inspection of the safety equipment (life
Personal rafts, life
Protected Equipment jackets, flares, smoke
(PPE) and the safety canisters)
equipment
Community Inspection of available -Availability and Monthly ARU
Health health facility in the functionability of 4,000,000
dispensary; Health facilities;
197
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Receptor Monitoring activities Monitoring Timing Responsibility Cost
parameter
Inspection of sanitation -Function ability of
facilities and waste sanitation facilities;
management facilities; -Availability of clean
Inspection of hygiene and safe water;
conditions in the cafeteria -Availability of waste
and dormitories management facilities;
Presence of fire safety Monthly ARU
management system,
Environmental free
from Safety and
ergonomic hazards
Monitoring of Efficiency of treatment Physiochemical Monthly ARU 3,000,000
Health and plant parameters,
Safety Waste generation rates Number of dust bins,
implementation
by the
workforce
Increased solid waste and liquid waste generation during Operation phase 23,000,000
Table 8.3: Monitoring programme during decommissioning phase
Receptor Monitoring activities Monitoring Timing Responsibility Cost
parameter
Underground Monitoring of ground Turbidity / Weekly ARU 5,000,000
water water Suspended solids One month
quality Oil and grease after
direct
interference
Identification and Number of leakage Continuous ARU 2,000,000
reporting events
of leakage events** caused during the
construction
Restoration of areas Inspection of Landscape, Borrow pits, disposal As per the ARU 2,000,000
198
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Receptor Monitoring activities Monitoring Timing Responsibility Cost
parameter
impacted by the damaged infrastructure, and areas, site facilities,
approved
project waste accumulation workers’ camps,
contractors
stockpiles areas, working
platforms
decommissio
ning plan
Noise Noise monitoring at Day and night noise Weekly ARU 2,000,000
direct interference levels
(within 500 m)**
Health and Health and Safety Total recordable Weekly ARU 5,000,000
safety (H&S) incidents, lost
Monitoring and audits. time incidents and
-H&S Performance other H&S
evaluation indicators.
-Personal Protected Records verifying the
Equipment monitoring conditions
of Personal Protected
Equipment
-Inspection of grievance -Recorder Grievance, Monthly ARU 5,000,000
mechanism accidents and
-Analysis of workers incidents
and -Training records
community grievance
trends
-Maintaining training
records
Total 22,000,000
Note:
* Reference should be made to TZS 845:2005 Air Quality – Specifications
**Reference is made to EMDC 6 (1733): Limits for Environmental Noise)
*** Reference should be made to TZS 860:2005 Limits for municipal and industrial wastewaters
All issues regarding to occupational health and safety should be monitored against the requirements of the OSHA Regulation, 2003
199
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER TEN
10. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT
10.1. Introduction
This chapter presents the cost benefit analysis (CBA) of the proposed new building structures
(administration block, student hostel, laboratory blocks, studio, workshop and multipurpose
classrooms, staff houses, dispensary, estate, Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer and
multipurpose hall) to be built at Ardhi University Mwanza Campus. The estimation of cost
benefit analysis reflects 99 years of the project design period. The details are not disclosed since
they are still confidential in accordance to the Tanzania Procurement Act that prevents a detailed
cost benefits analysis to be undertaken before tendering process. For that case, presented costs in
this section are indicative and elementary qualitative description of the costs and benefits. The
total operation cost have considered the indicative costs for implementation of mitigation
measures as well as the cost of monitoring. However, total cost of the project will be stated later
as project tendering are still in process.
10.2. Benefits related to the project
Benefits from the proposed building structures at ARU Mwanza campus project can be classified
as direct benefits and indirect benefits to university, neighbour and the government. Building
construction projects may generate negative benefits though; they are usually minimal compared
to the positive benefits. Some of those impacts are non- quantifiable thus cannot be used in the
benefit-cost analysis estimations. Generally, the benefits of the project will be experienced in all
phases from mobilization, construction, operation to decommissioning phase. To mention few,
employment opportunities and public benefits will occur during both the construction and the
operation phases. Several benefits are associated with the proposed development both at local
and national level in terms of revenue generation and the multiplier effects associated with
linkages with local and national economy.
Direct benefits: the proposed project will create many job opportunities, good aesthetic view
around Karumo village premises, good environments for students in their studies, entrepreneurial
opportunities to the surrounding community as well as increase the number of skilled labourers
due to increase in the enrolment and presence of conducive environment for self-studies. Most of
the non-quantifiable impacts are directly benefits to the project receptors.
Indirect Benefits: Indirect benefits from a proposed project mainly include increase in
government revenue through different sectors like; TANESCO, RUWASA, SEUWASA, TRA
etc. cultural interactions, infrastructural development, and economic growth. But since the
construction project requires inputs from other sectors to produce this output, and the other
sectors subsequently require inputs themselves, there will be multiple rounds of interaction
among the sectors resulting in additional output from each sector of the economy.
10.2.1 Benefits to ARU
The proposed project have positive impacts to ARU Mwanza Campus since its benefit is a
lifetime process throughout the project life span (99 years). The completion of these projects
will be one of the pooling factor for increased number of students’ enrolment thus in monetary
200
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
cost its value has potential to increase annually. The completion this project is anticipated to
improve the university financial capacity and sustainability. Further, the improved financial
standing is not only going to promote enrolment but also good governance and efficient running
of the University. Other benefits includes suitable environment for; Teaching, Research and
Public Service and its envisioned centre of excellence in knowledge and dissemination to a wide
spectrum of beneficiaries at national and regional levels. The project will also have several
intangible benefits to both ARU Mwanza campus and the surrounding community which include
improving the university’s image.
10.2. 2 Benefit to the Neighbourhood
The proposed construction of ARU Mwanza Campus will lead to the increase in staff
requirement that is technical, administrators and academicians. During and after construction
phase the project is going to provide additional employment opportunities for people surrounding
ARU Mwanza campus related to operation and maintenance. However, non-skilled labourers
will benefit from the daily wages. University will also create business opportunities in vicinity of
the campus. Business opportunities will be supporting government initiatives to create
employment opportunities for Tanzanians as advocated by the current Government.
Notwithstanding that now salaries are yet to be specified, it is envisaged that from employment,
workers will get incomes, which will improve quality of their lives and perhaps improve their
lifestyles. However, employment opportunities and income from salaries provided will extend
beyond the workers and benefits many other people including dependants.
Moreover, employment opportunities and the benefits therein will depend on whether suitably
qualified local personnel that can take up positions are available. Capacity building therefore is a
prerequisite for these benefits to be realized. Alongside capacity building, there shall be a need
for putting in place deliberate policies that would compel developers in the real estate economic
sector to employ local labour with the requisite skills and experience. In addition, the project will
also have following economic and social benefits:
• Utilization of locally available resources;
• Revenue to the Government will increase through payment of the various taxes
(indirect and direct).
• Boosting the infrastructure and economy of the country and Sengerema District
Council in particular Nyamatongo ward, Karumo village in which the project is
located.
10.2.3 Benefit to the Government
The project will benefits the government in different aspects. These includes budget saving due
to the relatively decrease in ARU financial dependence on the government. It is anticipated that
during the operation phase the project will improve ARU financial capacity and sustainability
resulting from project earnings. For that case, the government will have the opportunity to use
the share of the budget which was supposed to go to ARU for other government development
plans. Further the ability of ARU in contributing towards the realization of National Policies
such as Education Reforms through expansion of enrolment of students into various degree
201
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
programmes is going to increase. The increase in the number of enrolment means the increase in
financial capacity of the institution.
However, the government will benefit from the increased number of experts in priority discipline
with different disciplines that will be graduating from ARU. Mwanza Campus This will create
the potential of the government to use internal resources (home country experts) in different
future projects rather than contracting foreign experts.
10.3 Costs related to the project
The estimated costs for implementing enhancement measures, impact management as well as
monitoring process as outlined in Chapters 8 and 9 is about 594,000,000 per annum. The
estimated costs for mitigation do not include the environmental costs, which could not be
accurately calculated. Since some of the impacts will only to be realized during construction
phase, the costs for these will also be short term, especially if mitigation measures are fully
implemented. The construction costs for all the projects are detailed in Bills of Quantities.
10.3.1 Costs to community
The resulting negative environmental and social impacts such as noise, impairment of air quality,
and Safety and health risks due to project activities will be absorbed by the surrounding
communities. However, the introduction of mitigation measures will reduce the anticipated
impacts. Apart from the above, no any community activities will be disrupted. Ardhi University
is committed to mitigate the negative social and environmental impacts.
10.3.2 Costs to Government
The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania through the Ministry of Education, Science
and Technology (MoEST) has secured fund from World Bank to promote higher education as a
catalytic force in the new Tanzanian economy. The project is designed to revitalize the key areas
for innovation, economic development, and labour market relevance. Also as already mentioned
the Government will directly and indirectly benefit from taxes generated during both phases of
the project. Apart from tax generation, the investment will also enhance the economic growth,
enhancement of industrialization and businesses.
10.3.3 Environmental Cost
Environmental cost benefit analysis is assessed in terms of the negative and positive impacts.
Furthermore, the analysis is considering whether the impacts are mitigatable and the costs of
mitigating the impacts are reasonable. The total cost per annum for environmental risks and
impacts monitoring will be Tshs 31,000,000 during the construction phase and Tshs 22,000,000
during operation phase.
10.4 Project cost benefit analysis
As it has been mentioned in Chapters 6 – 8, the potential benefits of the project, in terms of
financial and social benefit are substantial. The environmental impacts are reasonably
mitigatable and the financial resources needed to mitigate negative impacts, when compared to
the required investment are relatively small. However, the benefit cost ratio concluded the
202
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
project to have more benefits compared to the total cost of the project, this implies that the
project is viable and ARU is encouraged to develop it.
203
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER ELEVEN
11.0 DECOMMISSIONING
11.1 Introduction
Since decommissioning will take place in later years, the specific conditions for mitigation are
generally inherently uncertain. Due to this uncertainty, specific mitigation measures pertaining to
environmental impacts of decommissioning works cannot be proposed at the moment with a
reasonable degree of certainty.
A detailed decommissioning plan that takes environmental issues into consideration shall be
prepared by the proponent prior to the decommissioning works. Should it occur,
decommissioning may entail change of use (functional changes) or demolition triggered by
change of land use. Therefore what is presented here is just a Preliminary Decommissioning Plan
which merely highlights on what shall be done if the need for decommissioning arise.
11.2 Preliminary Decommissioning Plan
This Section describes a brief outline of the works required to demolish the proposed project
components on the site incase it happens. This Plan shall be used as a reference document that
provides the framework to ensure that demolition activities on the site do not adversely affect the
health, safety, traffic or the environment of the public and neighbouring properties. The
Contractor shall be required to prepare a detailed Demolition Plan and Construction Management
Plan to the satisfaction of the proponent and relevant Authorities prior to the commencement of
works on site.
11.2.1 Components to be Demolished
The project components to be demolished shall generally be constructed with load bearing
masonry walls with steel or timber framed roofs and metal roofs.
11.2.2 Demolition Methods
The Contractor shall prepare a detailed Demolition Plan prior to the commencement of work on
site, however, the indicative demolition methods shall be as follows:
• The strip out and removal of non-structural elements shall be undertaken utilising manual
labour and small plant including – bobcats, 3-5t excavators and dingo type loaders.
• The materials shall be removed from site using small to medium sized trucks.
• The structures shall be demolished using larger plant and equipment including 15-40t
hydraulic excavators. These machines shall be equipped with rock breakers, pulverisers
and the like which would be used in a sequential manner.
• The engineer shall be engaged to provide further engineering advice in relation to
temporary support or backpropping of the structure during demolition.
• During the demolition process erosion control measures shall be established. These shall
include treatment of dust and potential discharge into stormwater systems.
204
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
11.2.3 Materials Handling
Materials handling shall be done by mechanical plant (including excavators and wheel loaders)
loaded into trucks (bogie tippers and semi trailers). The debris shall be hauled offsite to an
approved waste facility or recycling centre.
The contractor shall submit a Demolition Waste Management Plan to ARU, which outlines the
objectives of:
• Maximisation, reuse and recycling of demolition materials/wastes
• Minimisation of waste disposal and maximization of waste treatment such as composting
organic demolition wastes
• Evidence of implementation for specified arrangements of waste management
Reusable materials shall be stored at the site. Recycling and disposal containers shall also be
accommodated at this location for collection vehicles. Hazardous materials shall be treated
separately. A hazardous materials inspection shall be undertaken by an accredited consultant and
a report issued. Hazardous materials shall be removed in accordance with EMA 2004. A final
clearance report shall be provided by the hygienist which shall include the provision of tip
dockets from waste centres.
11.2.4 Proposed Sequence
The Contractor shall be required to prepare the following documentation prior to the
commencement of demolition and/or excavation works:
• Rapid assessment
• Construction Waste Management Plan
• Demolition Management Plan
In principle, the demolition process is undertaken in the reverse sequence as construction.
Essentially, internal finishes shall be stripped out first. Service amenities shall then be removed
including air conditioning, pipework and conduits. The facades shall be removed where
necessary and the structure shall then be demolished using the larger plants and equipment. It is
estimated that it shall take 3 months to demolish and clear the site.
11.2.5 Protection Measures
An A Class hoarding shall be erected around the perimeter of the construction site prior to the
commencement of demolition works. Additionally, wherever the risk arises of material falling
into public areas, overhead protection shall be provided in the form of a B Class hoarding.
Scaffolding shall be erected to facades where materials could fall in excess of 4m. The
scaffolding shall be clad with chainwire and shadecloth to enclose debris and dust onto the site.
During the demolition, dust control measures shall be used to minimise the spread of dust from
the site. The Contractor shall have a senior representative on site at all times to ensure
compliance with the safety guidelines and agreed work methods.
11.2 Traffic Management
The management of construction traffic during the deccommissioning phase shall be subject to
the provision of a detailed traffic management plan. This plan shall be prepared by the
Contractor for the various stages of demolition. During demolition, all traffic shall be held within
205
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
the site boundaries. The site shall remain closed to pedestrian traffic and shall be generally
manned by security.
11.2.1 Occupational Health and Safety
Detailed OH&S measures shall be provided by the Contractor prior to work commencement. A
detailed Site Safety Plan shall be prepared for the specific project. The plan shall highlight
important issues as stipulated in the IFC general EHS guidelines for project decommisioning
11.2.2 Environmental Management Plan
A detailed Environmental Management Plan pertaining to demolition works shall be provided by
the Contractor prior to the commencement of the work.
11.3 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
11.3.1 Dust, Noise and vibration Pollution
The demolition activities for the remained part (foundation structure) shall be accompanied with
emission of a lot of dusts, noise and vibration since the demolition works are expected to be
carried out by conventional method using mechanical breakers and jackhammers. However,
alternative methods of demolition including explosive techniques can be used.
Mitigation Measures
i. Water sprinkling shall be applied to open earth to reduce dust emission;
ii. Trucks transporting construction materials shall be covered if the load is dry and prone to
dust emissions;
iii. The demolition area shall be fenced with iron sheets; this shall prevent the dust at the
ground to be picked up by the wind;
iv. Public notifications shall be sent where appropriate especially in nearby residential areas
likely to be impacted by dust;
v. Construction equipment, with noise sinks, shall be used;
vi. Machine operators in various sections with significant noise levels shall be provided with
noise protective gear
vii. Construction equipment shall be selected, operated and maintained to minimize noise.
Costs to Undertake Mitigation Measures: Approximately TShs. 50,000,000
11.3.2 Increased Waste
A lot of demolition waste is expected to be generated as a result of demolition of this project..
Non-hazardous solid waste will include excess fill materials from grading and excavation
activities. Hazardous wastes during decommissioning include release of petroleum-based
products, such as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or fuels during their storage, transfer, or use in
equipment. These shall include blocks, concrete, reinforcements, pipes, etc. Most of the building
materials shall be salvaged and recycled.
206
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
Mitigation Measures
i. All materials that can be reused shall be reused;
ii. Materials that cannot be reused shall be sent to an authorised dumpsite.
Costs to Undertake Mitigation Measures: Approximately TShs. 50,000,000
11.3.3 Loss of Employment
Many people shall suffer loss of employment if it happens that the buildings have to be
decommissioned, including members of staff (academic and administrative Staff), security
guards, cleaners, etc.
Mitigation Measures
i. Prior notice shall be given to all those who are going to be affected;
ii. Credit and Savings account shall be established; and,
iii. Proper compensation shall be given to those who deserve it.
Costs to Undertake Mitigation Measures: Approximately TShs. 10,000,000
207
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
CHAPTER TWELVE
12.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The proposed project is suitably located in an institutional area and is located at a site that is
adequately accessible such that all heavy equipment and trucks may reach the site easily. The
proposed project will contribute to socio-economic benefits to both ARU and the nation at large.
These socio-economic benefits include: Creation of employment opportunities; increase income
to the ARU and the Country as whole. On the other hand, the proposed project will entail some
adverse environmental impacts of which adequate mitigation measures have been proposed and
incorporated in the project design. The environmental impacts identified from this project
include but not limited to: Increased noise levels; increased dust levels; waste management
problems, storm water generation and safety and health risks.
It is, therefore, concluded that the proposed ARU buildings project will entail no significant
impacts provided that the recommended mitigation measures are adequately and timely
implemented. The identified impacts will be managed through the proposed mitigation measures
and implementation regime laid down in this ESIA. ARU will implement all the
recommendations given in this ESIA and carry-out the environmental auditing and monitoring
schedules.
208
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Getter, K. et al. (2009). “Carbon Sequestration Potential of Extensive Green Roofs.”
Environmental Science and Technology. 43: 7564-7570.
2. Fortunatus F. Komanya (2020). Assessment of campus stormwater management
potentials at Ardhi University. Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment for the award
of BSc in Environmental science and management, Ardhi University, Tanzania.
3. Thadeus Evance (2018). Economic Valuation of Trees in Temperature Cooling of Ardhi
University Campus. Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of BSc in
Environmental science and management, Ardhi University, Tanzania.
4. The Environmental Management (Air Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007
5. Giunta, M., Lo Bosco, D., Leonardi, G., & Scopelliti, F. (2019). Estimation of gas and
dust emissions in construction sites of a motorway project. Sustainability, 11(24), 7218.
6. United Republic of Tanzania, 1997. National Environmental Policy (1997 ), Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania
7. United Republic of Tanzania, 2003. Construction Industry Policy (2003), Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania
8. United Republic of Tanzania, 1995. Land Policy (1995) , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
9. United Republic of Tanzania, 2000.National Human Settlements Development Policy
(2000) , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
10. United Republic of Tanzania, 2002. National Gender Policy (2002) , Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania
11. United Republic of Tanzania, 1992.Energy Policy (1992) , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
12. United Republic of Tanzania, 2004. Environmental Management Act No. 20 (2004), Cap.
191 , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
13. United Republic of Tanzania, 2009. Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 12 (2009) , Dar
es Salaam, Tanzania
14. United Republic of Tanzania, 2007. The Land Act, 1999 The Urban Planning Act (2007)
, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
15. United Republic of Tanzania, 2003.Occupational Health and Safety (2003) , Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania
209
ESIA for the Proposed Construction of ARU Mwanza Campus
16. United Republic of Tanzania, 2004. Employment and Labour Relations Act No. 6 (2004)
, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
17. United Republic of Tanzania, 2004. Employment and Labour Relations Act No. 6 (2004)
, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
18. United Republic of Tanzania, 2007. Engineers Registration Act and its Amendments
1997 , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (2007)
19. United Republic of Tanzania, 1997.The Contractors Registration Act (1997), Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania
20. United Republic of Tanzania, 1997. The Architects and Quantity Surveyors Act (1997),
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
21. United Republic of Tanzania, 2009. Public Health Act (2009) , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
22. United Republic of Tanzania, 2000. The Tanzania Development Vision (2000) , Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania
23. United Republic of Tanzania, 2005 Impact Assessment and Auditing Regulations (2005)
, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
24. World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005. PM
24-hour value is the 99th percentile
210