REPUBLIC OF LEBANON COUNCIL FOR DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION Consultancy Services For Roads Routine Maintenance For Lot 15 (Kesrouane Caza) CDR Contract No. 20832 Final Tender Documents For Roads Routine Maintenance Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) October 2023 Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table of Contents Table of Contents i  List of Tables iii  List of Figures iii  List of Tables in Annexes iii  Abbreviations and Acronyms v  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vi  1  Introduction 7  1.1  Project Background 7  1.2  Project Rationale 8  1.3  Report Objectives 9  1.4  Methodology 9  1.4.1  Collection of Environmental and Social Baseline information 9  1.4.2  Methodlogy for Stakeholders Engagement 10  1.4.3  Methodology for Impact Assessment 10  2  Existing Policies, Legal and Administrative Framework 10  2.1  Legal Framework 10  2.2  Institutional Framework 11  2.3  Environmental Standards 11  2.4  World Bank Policies and Guidelines 12  2.4.1  Safeguard Policies 12  2.4.2  Access to Information, Consultations and Disclosure Policy 13  3  Description of the Proposed Project 13  3.1  Project Scope and Location 13  3.2  Project Activities 18  3.3  Equipment and Materials/Items 20  3.4  Staffing and Site Facilities 20  4  Description of the Environment and Social Context 21  4.1  Physical Environment 21  4.1.1  Topography 21  4.1.2  Subsurface and Surface Conditions 21  4.1.3  Climate 23  4.1.4  Ambient Air 23  4.1.5  Land Use/ Land Cover 23  4.2  Biological Environment 23  4.2.1  Project Settlement 24  4.2.2  Natural Habitats and Associated Flora 24  4.2.3  Ecological Criticality 24  4.3  Socio-Economic Condition 25  TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-i - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 4.3.1  Summary of relevant Caza Background 25  4.3.2  Sensitive Receptors 26  5  Potential Impacts and Proposed Mitigation measures 28  5.1  Positive Impacts 28  5.2  Negative Impacts 28  5.3  Environmental and Social Management Plans 29  6  Environmental and Social Monitoring Plans 41  6.1  Institutional Setup 41  6.2  Capacity Building 42  6.3  Monitoring Plans Implementation 42  6.4  Documentation and Reporting 46  7  Consultation, Disclosure and GRM 46  7.1  Public Consultation 46  7.2  Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 47  7.2.1  GRM for Surrounding Communities 47  7.2.2  GRM for Workers 48  8  Conclusion 48  9  References 50  10  Annex 1: Figures and Tables Related to Chapters 2 and Chapter 3 51  11  Annex 2: Figures and Tables Related to Chapter 4 58  12  Annex 3: Impact Assessment Methodology 81  13  Annex4 Code of Conduct 83  14  Annex5: Schematic illustration of the GRM 84  15  Annex 6: Complaint Register Form 85  16  Annex 7: Plans and Procedures during Maintenance Activities 86  17  Annex 8: Public Consultation 91  TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-ii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners List of Tables Table 2-1 Allowable wastewater discharge levels (WB requirements) ............................. 11  Table 2-2 Reciprocating engine generator with capacity >=200 kW (or >=60 kVA) ....... 12  Table 2-3 Sound pressure limits (MoE Decision 52/1, 1996) ............................................ 12  Table 2-4 Noise exposure limits (MoE Decision 52/1,1996)............................................. 12  Table 2-5 Lebanese noise guidelines for different zones (MoE 52/1, 1996) ..................... 12  Table 3-1 Representative roads in Kesrouane Caza ........................................................... 16  Table 3-2 Envisaged routine maintenance activities for Kesrouane .................................. 18  Table 4-1 Variation of surface elevation of representative roads in Kesrouane Caza ....... 21  Table 5-1 Environmental Management Plan ...................................................................... 30  Table 5-2 Social Management Plan ................................................................................... 33  Table 5-3 H&S Management Plan (in accordance with IFC EHS/OHS guidelines) – see more details in Annex 7 .............................................................................................. 36  Table 6-1 Environmental, Social, and H&S Monitoring Plans .......................................... 43  List of Figures Figure 3-1 Kesrouane Caza primary roads ......................................................................... 14  Figure 3-2 Kesrouane Caza representative roads ............................................................... 15  Figure 3-3 Adma Interchange ............................................................................................ 17  Figure 6-1 Institutional setup ............................................................................................. 41  List of Tables in Annexes Table A National Applicable Legal Framework ................................................................ 51  Table B Institutional framework ........................................................................................ 54  Table C Labor Conventions ............................................................................................... 55  Table D Raw material and items needed for routine maintenance work ........................... 57  Table E Summary of main geological outcrops exposed along Kesrouane primary roads 59  Table F Geological outcrop coverage for the representative roads within Kesrouane Caza .................................................................................................................................... 61  Table G Summary of hydrogeological classes exposed for all Kesrouane roads (legend of hydrogeological map) ................................................................................................. 63  Table H Hydrogeological classes coverage (%) per each inspected road in Kesrouane Caza (50 m fixed buffer) ..................................................................................................... 64  Table I Existing surface water in the Caza with respect to representative roads ............... 64  Table J Main Springs in Kesrouane Caza with respect to road alignments ....................... 65  Table K Main natural habitats encountered along the roads in Kesrouane Caza ............... 68  Table L Particular biotopes and natural habitats along the assessed roads ........................ 70  Table M Percent LULC distribution per road (50m buffer)............................................... 72  Table N Main Sensitive receptors recorded along assessed roads in Kesrouane Caza ...... 77  Table O Sensitive receptors along Road K5 (highway) ..................................................... 77  Table P Classification of Impacts....................................................................................... 81  Table Q Significance Impact Matrix .................................................................................. 82  Table R Complaints Registration Form ............................................................................. 85  Table S Consulted Local NGOs and their Activities ......................................................... 91  Table T Consulted International NGOs and their Activities .............................................. 91  TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-iii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners List of Figures in Annexes Figure A Topography map for Kesrouane Caza ................................................................ 58  Figure B Geology map for Kesrouane Caza showing exposed outcrops and % of exposure of each class ............................................................................................................... 60  Figure C Hydrogeological map of the Kesrouane Caza (showing water potential of the subsurface)- Refer to Table G for description of hydrogeology classes ................... 62  Figure D Existing springs in Kesrouane along road alignments ........................................ 66  Figure E Distribution of air pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in the troposphere above the Lebanese border average from year 2018 up to August 2023 (data retained from Sentinel-5 precursor/TROPOMI Level 2 Product ...................................................... 67  Figure F LULC map for Kesrouane Caza .......................................................................... 69  Figure G Main LULC and habitats encountered along Kesrouane Roads ......................... 74  Figure H Main sensitive receptors along main roads in Kesrouane Caza .......................... 78  Figure I Main sensitive receptors along Road K5 (highway) ............................................ 79  Figure J Some examples of sensitive receptors recorded along inspected roads in Kesrouane Caza ............................................................................................................................ 80  TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-iv - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Abbreviations and Acronyms CAE Child Abuse and Exploitation CDR Council for Development and Reconstruction CoC Code of Conduct CoM Council of Ministers DGA Directorate General of Antiquities EHS Environment Health and Safety ESHS Environmental, Social, Health and Safety ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FHH Female Headed Households GER Gross Enrolment Ratio GBV Gender Based Violence GOL Government of Lebanon GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism H&S Health and Safety IFC International Finance Cooperation ILO International Labour Organization LULC Land Use Land Cover MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoC Ministry of Culture MoE Ministry of Environment MoWE Ministry of Water and Energy MoIM Ministry of Interior and Municipalities MoL Ministry of Labor MoPH Ministry of Public Health MoPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transportation MoSA Ministry of Social Affairs NER Net Enrolment Rate NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations OP Operational Plan OHS Occupational Health and Safety OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PAPs Project Affected Persons PHS Public Health and Safety PIU Project Implementation Unit PM Particulate Matter KPI Key Performance Indicator REP Roads and Employment Project RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SH Sexual Harassment WB World Bank WBG World Bank Group TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-v - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Lebanon Roads and Employment Project (REP) is a World Bank (WB) funded project that aims through its first component to improve transport connectivity along select paved road sections and create short-term jobs for the Lebanese and Syrians. The project is implemented by the Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) in coordination with the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MoPWT), noting that all the roads under the REP are under the jurisdiction of the MoPWT. More specifically, the first component of the REP “Roads Rehabilitation and Maintenance “consists of rehabilitating and maintaining of about 500 km of primary roads (including International roads/ Highways) throughout Lebanon. Considering that the anticipated civil works will result in environmental and social impacts, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) shall be prepared under the requirements of OP4.01, which classifies the project as Category B to reduce the footprint of REP’s operations in Kesrouane. Accordingly, Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners, which was assigned by CDR to prepare all the tender documents needed for the rehabilitation and maintenance works of the roads located within Kesrouane Caza, developed in year 2020 an ESMP covering roads that were selected by the Lebanese Government for full rehabilitation works. The ESMP was consulted upon, cleared by the WB and disclosed on the CDR and the WB websites. In this report, an ESMP has been formulated for Kesrouane Caza, focusing on routine maintenance tasks for primary roads and highways, which includes the repair of expansion joints on the highways. Routine maintenance activities, while broadly distributed, are generally of a smaller scale when compared to rehabilitation efforts. Consequently, these activities do not warrant a modification of the environmental and social safeguard classifications set forth in the existing REP. To effectively address the environmental and social challenges linked to this new inclusion, pertinent mitigation measures, as well as requisite institutional frameworks, have been encompassed within this ESMP Report. Noting that the Project was signed before October 2018, date of effectiveness of the World Bank (WB) Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). Project Description The project consists of routine maintenance activities in Lot 15- Kesrouane Caza namely for primary roads (including International roads/ Highways). The goal of this six-month project is road improvement. It is projected to engage 20 workers on regular workdays, with the potential to expand the workforce to as many as 30 individuals during peak maintenance periods, such as the period preceding the rainy season. Routine maintenance activities include incidental repair works, pavement repair works, concrete repair works, installation of traffic control and safety devices and repair the damaged expansion joints of highway bridge BR-1 (i.e. Adma interchange). Accordingly, the assessment was conducted at the Caza level focusing on BR-1 and five representative roads throughout TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-vi - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Kesrouane Caza: Road K1 -Naher el Kaleb- Ajaltoun- Faraya – Oyoun El Siman (48 km); Road K2 - Ain Ed Delbe – Nahr Ed Dahb- Jouret el Tourmous – El Ghine (11 km); Road K3 - Aajaltoun – Daraya – Hemlaya (4km); Road K5 - Jounieh – Casino – Nahr Ibrahim (10 km) and Road K6 Jounieh –Bkerke – Harissa – Aachqout – Wata El Jaouz (22 km). Existing Policies, Legal and Administrative Framework This ESMP was conducted in accordance with the WB environmental and social standards and the Lebanese laws and regulations namely Law No. 444 (2002) for Environmental Protection. More specifically, routine maintenance activities will be done under OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment. World Bank Policies and Procedures: Compliance with OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment and OP/BP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. According to OP/BP 4.01, a public consultation with project-affected people and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) must be conducted for all projects under Category A and Category B. The WB Group (WBG) Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are mandatory and need to be adopted throughout the project duration. The assessment recorded the existing physical, biological and socioeconomic conditions within the area of influence prior the project implementation. This data was then analyzed for impact prediction and assessment. The geology at the Caza level was investigated for outcropping formations, subsurface stratigraphy, structure (faults, folds, seismic, etc.), hydrogeology (groundwater and sea water intrusions) and hydrology (surface water). Assessments showed that Kesrouane roads mostly fall on a karstic limestone formation. The system is characterized by a significant amount of groundwater flowing in channels, faults and fractures. The transmissivity of these formations is generally high and water table is shallow. In other words, nearly all roads in Kesrouane lie on permeable formations which expose the groundwater aquifers to possible contamination (e.g. K3 falls 100% over J6 and all other roads K1, K2, K5, and K6 are more than 70% sitting on Jurassic and cretaceous formations). More specifically, the outcropping lithological formations in and around the study area belong to multiple geological time periods namely, to the Cretaceous (46%) and Jurassic (31%) geological time periods. Some roads are very rich in winter drainage channels that discharge downstream to “Wadi Tabarja” and “Wadi Ghazir, others intersect with Nahr Ibrahim (e.g. Road K1 intersects with the Nahr Ibrahim river several times in Faraya, Mazraat Kfardebian, and Mchee Kesrouane (Kfardebian), Nahr el Kaleb and Wadi Jounieh. Finally, some roads are surrounded by several surface winter drainage channels which lead downstream to “El Kaleb” river. Regarding natural habitats and biodiversity, roads under study involve a path that is already under anthropogenic influences. The overall ecosystem is impacted with a resulted monotonous vegetation cover (involving resilient species). More specifically, the majorities of roads are bordered by human settlements, commercial shops, agricultural lands, cultivated trees, and degraded ecosystems with low vegetation cover namely scrublands, open garrigue vegetation characterized by dwarf shrub. These types of habitats do not provide a favorable environment for TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-vii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners a large variety of plants and animals. However, some roads partly involve particular biotopes that need special care. Roads bordered by riparian habitats, dense oak forests, and pine forests hold vital ecological importance, serving as refuges for various plant and animal species. Pine forests, in particular, contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem balance, aiding in carbon sequestration and water filtration. Furthermore, mountainous road segments with rocky habitats provide critical breeding sites for avian predators and shelter for reptiles, hosting essential floral communities. Special care is needed during routine maintenance activities on mountainous primary roads (e.g. Road K1, particularly in Kfardbiane and Oyoun el Simane), to protect endemic and rare species and safeguard the springs and ecosystems in this area. Lastly, a socio-economic survey was conducted in the project area focusing on immediate sensitive receptors. Nearly all assessed roads include segments that are in close proximity to residential buildings, shops, and churches (e.g. Saydet Najet Church is 16 m away from Road K2, Christ Bible Baptist church is 4 m away from Rod K1 and Saint Elias Church is only 54 m away from Road K5). Some roads include as well sections that are in close proximity to agricultural terraces (e.g. Road K3, K6 (in Bzumar) and K1 (in Aajaltoun, Faytroun, Faraya and Kfardibian), whereas others are in close proximity to schools (e.g. Saint Roch School is 42 m away from Road K1and Ajaltoun technical school is only 70 m away from Road K3) and hospitals (e.g. KMC hospital is located 170 m away from road K5), and Bouar public hospital (located 210m away from road K5). Agricultural lands, which bordering the study roads could be affected in case of mismanagement (e.g., dust accumulation on nearby agricultural lands and terraces) and shop owners, patients, and students could be highly affected, in case of improper implementation of the ESMP and lack of adequate application of the Traffic Management Plan (TMP). Impacts Evaluation At this stage, as the exact roads to be maintained are not yet determined, impacts were assessed at the Caza level, including the representative roads, for all activities under the scope of work, and worst-case scenario impacts were considered. Environmental impacts are expected to be localized and moderate. Moreover, given that the project aims to upgrade existing roads, environmental impacts are mainly limited to dust emissions and degradation of soil and water quality, if activities were not managed properly. Despite the temporary and localized nature of routine maintenance works, dust and odor emissions are expected to be high during works execution. Moreover, potential impacts on water and soil quality along assessed roads due to potential accidental spillages and contaminated storm water runoff, are expected to be of medium significance (rivers were recorded in the study area and nearly all roads in Kesrouane Caza lie on permeable formations). In other words, road sections where the subsurface has a high transmissivity and is sensitive in terms of contamination, care should be taken, and activities (including waste management) should be closely monitored to avoid groundwater contamination. In addition to the expected temporary disturbance of the natural ecosystems (dust accumulation on roadside vegetation, noise pollution, increase in traffic, and accidental spills with subsequent ecosystem impairment), direct destruction of vegetation and population might occur if wastes (e.g., excavated materials) were directly discharged into the roadside ecosystems. Special care is needed when the adjacent habitats to roads involves riparian habitats, oak maquis, dense pine TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-viii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners patches or rocky habitats. However, it is important to mention that the adjacent areas to the assessed roads, which are rich in terms of biodiversity, are limited due to the urbanized nature of these roads (namely highways). Potential social risks related to the project include (a) labor influx (in case the Contractor didn’t recruit labor from the surrounding community), (b) potential risk of labor induced Sexual Harassment (SH) towards female workers and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) towards women in the surrounding community; (c) potential risk of child labor; (d) inadequate labor conditions, (e) dissatisfaction with job allocation; (f) risk of under-participation or underemployment of women; (g) nuisance, traffic disturbance and temporary obstruction of access routes to sensitive receptors (e.g., obstruction of access to residential units, schools and shops and dust accumulation on nearby receptors/receiving environment). Specifically, the impact assessment indicates that GBV risk (SEA/SH) is high due to the close proximity of human settlements to Kesrouane primary roads/highways. Similarly, traffic disturbance is expected to be high knowing that the majority of assessed roads are urbanized with medium to high traffic volume. As a result, there is an anticipated significant risk of traffic-related accidents and injuries to workers and local communities if adequate precautions, control measures, and a comprehensive Traffic Management Plan (TMP) are not implemented, including a dedicated plan for highways such as K5 and BR-1. Potential positive environmental impacts of the routine maintenance activities, if activities were managed properly, are associated with enhanced road conditions. For instance, improved drainage will decrease blockages, improve surface storm water run-off, and control erosion, which in turn reduces the risk of water stagnation which can damage road pavement and is associated with several waterborne diseases. Additionally, the project will improve the safety conditions of the roads through repair of pavements, safety barriers, and retaining walls. Most importantly, the project will create short-term employment opportunities to local residents and Syrian refugees who will execute earthworks. Development of the ESMP This ESMP provides avoidance and mitigation measures to identified impacts. The aim is to assist the project Contractor to reduce the footprint of its operations in Kesrouane and to ultimately achieve REP expectations regarding environmental and social performance. Measures to control exhaust emissions, dust and odor emissions, and soil manipulation activities during the execution of work are provided. Moreover, proper measures and guidelines on the control of accidental spills of construction materials are provided including specific/stricter measures to critical segments of roads (i.e. where roads are crossed or are in close proximity to rivers or particular biotopes). Regarding biodiversity, provided recommendations to guide the project Contractor in reducing the negative impacts on natural habitats and biodiversity are namely related to waste management. Contractors must be careful so that the direct impacts (direct destruction) on rich ecosystems and associated fauna would be minimal. In other words, waste should not be dumped into the adjacent natural habitats (e.g. woodlots, valleys, and rivers). Soil and water contamination could have irreversible impacts on biodiversity. Finally, activities near oak forests, dense pine patches and forests (e.g. along Road K6 Daroun and Harissa); rocky outcrops (e.g. along Road K1 in Kfardebian) and rocky slopes and plateau (e.g. the Jurd in Oyoun el Siman) should be planned carefully and buffer zones must be created if needed. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-ix - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners The social risks of this project can be mitigated through periodic monitoring of labor conditions, specific required clauses within contracts that protect workers and the Code of Conduct (CoC) for Gender Based Violence (GBV) issues. This ESMP guides the contractor to preferably hire local workers, not to hire individuals below the legal working age in accordance with the labor law of Lebanon, and ensure proper implementation of the CoC. Further, close coordination with the concerned municipalities is recommended in relation to road obstruction issues and REP GRM must be clearly communicated to all stakeholders during and before project implementation. The traffic management plan shall be implemented, as first stage before starting works. For example, during the execution of maintenance activities including repair of joints (BR-1), the traffic shall be diverted to the edge lanes or to service lanes in a safe manner, ensuring the continuity of traffic circulation with an acceptable flow. Similarly, Health & Safety (H&S) risks can be mitigated through precaution and control measures including the development/implementation of site-specific safety and traffic management plans. Further, the ESMP provides key/measurable project indicators to monitor the detected risks. Project monitoring will be undertaken CDR (i.e. Supervisor Consultant) to ensure compliance and performance. Project progress reports will be prepared by CDR and submitted to the WB for review. Public Consultation The ESMP underwent a comprehensive public consultation process with key stakeholders to ensure agreement on sensitive issues and prevent last-minute disputes. An inclusive public participation meeting was organized for Kesrouane Caza, at Jounieh municipality building on Friday July 28, attended by 17 people, including six women. During the meeting, participants were informed about the project's objectives, design, important local resources, potential risks, and mitigation plans. The project's Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) was introduced. A focal point of discussion during the meeting was the road selection process for routine maintenance activities, with considerations for the inclusion of non-primary roads within the project scope. The Consultant provided a detailed explanation of the selection process and underscored that due to budget constraints, international and primary roads would be given precedence. In response to this, municipalities expressed their intention to submit formal request letters to the MoWT for the assessment of specific roads, some of which were shared by municipality representatives during the public participation meeting to be examined by the Consultant Engineer. Positive feedback on REP phase 1 came from Kfour municipality, and the YASA director emphasized on the importance of private initiatives in supporting road maintenance. Lastly, attendees were assured that relevant municipalities would be informed in advance of project commencement, and a public notice detailing the GRM procedure would be posted in each relevant municipality to ensure transparency in project implementation. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-x - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Project GRM The purpose of a grievance mechanism is to ensure that all feedback and complaints received from stakeholders, employees, contractor staff and the public in general are documented, considered and addressed in an acceptable and timely manner. The REP GRM has been established and is already accessible to communities to send their concerns and complaints. Citizens will be informed about the GRM mechanism before commencement of work through municipalities (i.e. through public announcement letters that will be posted at the public board of concerned municipalities including the number of Contractor’s site engineer to be contacted and also through project sign boards). This multi- channeled GRM has three levels:  Level 1: If any person has any complaint or concern regarding the project implementation, he/she can lodge an oral or written grievance to the site Manager. In case an oral complaint is made, it should be written by the Contractor Social expert. The issue must be resolved within a maximum duration of one week. • Level 2: If the person is not satisfied with the action of the Contractor, he/ she can send the complaint to the PIU social specialist through Phone: 01980096 ext:317, Email: GRM.REP@cdr.gov.lb or official letter registered at the CDR. The issue shall be resolved within a maximum of two weeks. • Level 3: If the person is not satisfied with the decision of the social specialist of PIU, he or she can bring the complaint to the attention of the PIU Director’s Office. Once the PIU Director receives the complaint, it needs to be resolved within a maximum of two weeks. Citizen can also register an official letter at the CDR (Address: Tallet al Serail - Riad el Solh, Beirut – Lebanon). The GRM for internal employees follows a similar structure, but with different contact people for each level. Level 1 involves the health and safety officer and E&S expert, and Level 2 is reported to the PIU Director, with the same one-week resolution timeframe Conclusion Assessments showed that the project risks can be mitigated if the Contractor succeeded in implementing this ESMP, which documents the project’s risks management strategy. In order to achieve that, CDR has to oversee the implementation of this strategy by the Contractor. Accordingly, if the Contractor succeeded in complying with the WB environmental and social standards and in ensuring a safe operation of activities, the project is expected to enhance the safety conditions of the select roads and most importantly create short-term jobs for the Lebanese and Syrians. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-xi - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 1 Introduction 1.1   Project Background The Lebanon REP is a WB funded project that aims to improve transport connectivity along select paved road sections and create short-term jobs for the Lebanese and Syrians. The REP was approved by the WB Board of Executive Directors in February 2017 and ratified by the Lebanese Parliament in October 2018. The Lebanon REP is a WB funded project that aims to improve transport connectivity along select paved road sections and create short-term jobs for the Lebanese and Syrians, and support farmers engaged in crop and livestock production. The REP was approved by the WB Board of Executive Directors in February 2017 and ratified by the Lebanese Parliament in October 2018. The Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) is acting as the executing agency on behalf of the GOL and its Council of Ministers (COM). The REP originally had three components. Following its restructuring in March 2021, a fourth component was added to address the impact of the COVID-19 on the agriculture sector. REP components are as follows: (i) Roads Rehabilitation and Maintenance (US$178 million): to finance works and related consultancy services for the rehabilitation and maintenance of about 500 km of primary, secondary, and tertiary roads, including road safety and spot improvements and repair of damaged expansions joints on highways/primary roads; (ii) Improvement of the MoPWT’ Road Emergency Response Capacity (US$4.5 million), especially during climate extremes; (iii) Capacity Building and Implementation Support (US$7.5 million): to build the capacity of Lebanese agencies in planning and managing the road sector; and (iv) Support to farmers engaged in crop and livestock production (US$10 million): to support continued agricultural production and vaccination of animals. Accordingly, the REP ESMF was updated using an Addendum that can be found here https://www.cdr.gov.lb/getmedia/4254c2bd-3c63-4dfc-aeb7-dfb78eaada4f/REP-Component-4- ESMF_Vol-1_for-Disclosure_20210608.pdf.aspx. This ESMP only deals with the first component of REP that aims at (a) rehabilitating, upgrading, and maintaining selected primary (including International Roads/Highways), secondary and tertiary roads, (b) providing technical assistance for the design, procurement, and supervision of said sub-projects, and (c) preparing safeguards instruments for the Project. More specifically, this ESMP that was prepared by Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners, which was assigned by CDR to prepare all the tender documents needed for the rehabilitation and maintenance works of the roads located within Kesrouane Caza under CDR contracts No.20832, aims to effectively address the environmental and social challenges linked to the envisaged routine maintenance TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-7 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners activities in Lot 15- Kesrouane Caza, primarily targeting the maintenance of primary roads/Highways, which includes the repair of expansion joints on the highways. It is important to note that REP Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) (https://www.cdr.gov.lb/CDR/media/CDR/StudiesandReports/Roads%20and%20Employment/ ESMF.pdf) which was cleared by the WB and disclosed in April 2018 identified the potential environmental and social aspects associated with the project as well as the recommended respective management and monitoring measures. Furthermore, the project’s Resettlement (RPF) cleared by the WB and disclosed in April 2018 (https://www.cdr.gov.lb/CDR/media/CDR/StudiesandReports/Roads%20and%20Employment/ RPF.pdf) outlined the principles for resettlement impact mitigation as well as the organizational arrangements needed during project preparation and implementation; it also included the compensation measures that need to be implemented for any Project Affected Persons (PAPs) for any possible loss of land, properties or livelihoods. Moreover, 25 site-specific ESMPs were prepared between 2019 and 2020, consulted upon, cleared by the WB and disclosed on the CDR and the WB websites. This includes the Kesrouane- specific ESMP prepared by Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners covering roads that were selected by the Lebanese Government for full rehabilitation works (ESMP for Kesrouane Caza is available on CDR Website via the following link: https://www.cdr.gov.lb/CDR/media/CDR/StudiesandReports/Roads%20and%20Employment/C aza/Kesrouan_Final-ESMP.pdf To manage the environmental and social risks associated with the addition of routine maintenance activities in Lot 15 - Kesrouane Caza, primarily targeting the maintenance of primary roads/highways, including the repair of expansion joints of Adma interchange, relevant mitigation measures as well as necessary institutional arrangements was covered through this specific ESMP Report. 1.2 Project Rationale According to Schwab, 2017, in terms of road connectivity, Lebanon ranked 95 and achieved a poor connectivity score index of 48.7 out of 100. As for the road conditions, approximately 95% of the roads are paved but lack proper maintenance. In this context, to deal with increasing safety challenges, the Lebanese Government is implementing REP that among its stated objectives mentioned above, aims to enhance transport connectivity and safety along specific roads. However, infrastructure projects can exert a substantial strain on the environment and natural resources. Only with sustainable practices and proper waste management plans enforced, the burden on the environment can be reduced. Sustainable projects can generally be achieved by considering the environmental impact of the construction process (Hoeckman et al., 2012). Similarly, the socio-economic effects of infrastructure projects can be reduced through transparency and fair compensation processes (Morris, 2007). In this context, this ESMP for routine maintenance works in Kesrouane Caza was prepared by Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners for development decision to go hand in hand with environmental and social protection. Routine maintenance activities did not require changing the environmental and social TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-8 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners safeguard category of REP. Therefore, this ESMP is under the requirements of WB OP4.01, that classifies the project as Category B. 1.3   Report Objectives The main aim of this ESMP for Kesrouane Caza, is to stipulate the control measures required to manage and monitor the project environmental, social, and H&S risks in accordance with environmental laws and regulations in Lebanon and the WB guidelines. This ESMP will serve as a practical tool for the project Contractor who is supposed to implement the devised management strategy to (1) reduce the footprint of REP’s operations in Kesrouane Caza and (2) ensure safe operation of activities and prevent injuries to workers or the public. To reach the above-mentioned objective, the ESMP will: 1. Describe all activities of the project 2. Establish environmental and socio-economic baseline within the study area 3. Identify relevant environmental and social National Legal and Institutional Standards & WB Policies and regulations 4. Conduct an inclusive public consultation session that takes into consideration the views of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) to feed the project design and management plan; 5. Identify potential social, environmental, and H&S impacts associated with the implementation of the proposed project; 6. Propose feasible and applicable mitigation measures for the identified impacts; 7. Develop a plan to monitor the identified impacts and their associated mitigation measures; 8. Guide on creating short term jobs for communities within a gender workforce equality environment; 9. Identify the responsible authorities and assign roles for different organizations in the efficient implementation of this ESMP; 10. Implement a robust GRM that is multi-channeled and fully functional and that is clearly communicated to all PAPs. 1.4 Methodology This ESMP encompasses the planned routine maintenance activities for primary roads and highways in Kesrouane. It was prepared by TIVÈL Consultancy in response to Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners's request and serves as a comprehensive documentation of the project's risk management strategy. The methods used for setting the data collection, stakeholders’ engagement, and impact assessment are elaborated in this section. 1.4.1 Collection of Environmental and Social Baseline information Baseline data were collected from field surveys, previously conducted assessments in Kesrouane Caza under REP, and generated GIS maps. Meteorological data, which play a vital role in transport and dispersion of air pollutants, were investigated and collected in shape of a statistical distribution of weather conditions over a period of time. Also, the ambient air quality for the TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-9 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners study area was examined to assess the social wellbeing and health status of Kesrouane community. A geospatial analysis was performed to indicate the percentages distribution of geological outcrops and hydrogeological classes at Kesrouane Caza and along concerned highways/primary road alignments. Similarly, a Land Use Land Cover (LULC) analysis was conducted to better understand the percentage distribution of LULC at the Caza level and alon road alignments. Results were then compiled with site visit observations. Regarding the social assessment, socio-economic information about Kesrouane Caza was obtained from several national sources, as well as from the Ministry of Social Affairs (MoSA) and previous REP studies for Kesrouane Caza. Finally, a list of main sensitive receptors was generated to better determine the PAPs. 1.4.2 Methodlogy for Stakeholders Engagement The Stakeholder Circle methodology (Bourne, 2016) was used for defining the stakeholder community and recognizing the communication needed to influence each stakeholder’s prospects and actions. Stakeholders were first identified, prioritized, and then engaged through directed communication. Emails, letters, and direct phone calls were adopted to personalize the communication with main recognized stakeholders. Finally, a formal invitation letter was sent to all stakeholders in relation to the arranged formal public meeting at the Jounieh municipality building on Friday July 28, 2023. 1.4.3 Methodology for Impact Assessment At this stage, as the exact roads to be maintained are not yet determined, impacts were assessed at the Caza level, including the representative roads, for all activities under the scope of work, and worst-case scenario impacts were considered. The adopted grading methodology is detailed in Annex 3. More specifically, knowing that drainage works, pavement repair works, and removal/installation of concrete structures are the riskiest of the whole spectrum of routine maintenance activities (Huang et al., 2009), the “worst-case scenario” impacts were considered. Further, given that impacts are directly affected by the environmental and social conditions of the surrounding environment/adjacent areas to target roads, stricter mitigation measures were provided for segments of roads that are critical in terms of transmissivity, proximity to river, proximity to sensitive receptors, and proximity to critical natural habitats. Based on the above, this ESMP was developed and included a monitoring plan, which is needed to ensure compliance of the project with environmental and social conditions and regulations. Based on the current institutional setup of the Roads and Employment Project, the institutional setup and the requirements for capacity development was described to ensure that project implementers have sufficient technical and human resources available to effectively undertake the environmental and social management and monitoring tasks. 2 Existing Policies, Legal and Administrative Framework 2.1 Legal Framework Similarly, to all the developed ESMPs within the REP project, this ESMP is conducted in accordance with the WB Safeguards and national and international laws/regulations that are TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-10 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners related to environmental and social impact assessments (namely law 444 for the protection of environment, Laws 77 and 78 in relation to water and air protection, Law 80 and Decree 5605 on solid waste management, and the decisions on environmental standards that are elaborated in section 2.3). REP works contracts must comply with the national law on labor and the ILO obligations, which have been ratified by Lebanon (Penal code decree 340/1943; Labor Law/1946: The Lebanese Labor Code, Law No. 335/2001: Pursuant to the International Labor Organization ILO Convention No 182; Law 400 – 2002: Ratification of ILO convention No. 138, Decree 8987 – 2012; Law 205 – 2020; Law 28/2017, Decree 6940/2020; Decree 8987/2012: Prohibition of employment of minors under the age of 18; and Decree 3791/2016: Minimum Wage). Finally, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws must be applied as well to avoid adverse impacts on workers. An overview of the main Lebanese environmental and occupational legislations is provided in Table A in Annex 1. 2.2 Institutional Framework The project is implemented by the CDR in coordination with the MoPWT. The other main national institutions that are in relation to REP include (1) municipalities in Kesrouane Caza that were consulted at this stage of the project and they will supervise projects’ implementation in their municipal territories; and (2) relevant ministries and governmental departments (e.g., Ministry of Environment (MoE), Ministry of Energy and Water (MoEW), Internal Security Forces/traffic department) that must be consulted when needed before and during project implementation in relation to hazardous waste management, water, electricity, and traffic matters (these institutions and their corresponding mandates are presented in Table B, in Annex 1). 2.3 Environmental Standards Environmental standards that must be respected by the project Contractor are provided in this section. The Lebanese wastewater emission standards are less strict than the WB standards, but stricter for ambient air quality and similar for noise. In this context, during works execution, the stricter limits must be followed. Allowable Wastewater Discharge The allowable discharge requirement as specified by WB are presented in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Allowable wastewater discharge levels (WB requirements) Wastewater Effluent Pollutants Threshold Parameters/pollutant WB requirements pH 6–9 BOD mg/l 30 COD mg/l 125 temperature Co - Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Oil and grease mg/l 10 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Total coliform bacteria (Most Probable Number/100 ml) 400 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-11 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Air Emissions Targets According to Decision 16/1 dated 2022, the maximum allowable limits for generators with capacity >=200 kW (or >=60 kVA) are shown in the below table. Table 2-2 Reciprocating engine generator with capacity >=200 kW (or >=60 kVA) Monitoring Maximum Allowable Limits Fuel type Measurement Frequency Parameter (mg/Nm3) Dust 50 - Continuous CO 100 -  Mandatory if capacity NO2 2,000 - >=10MW 10 Diesel  Optional if capacity SO2 750 Other <10MW Noise Emissions Targets The expected noise pollution levels should not exceed the values listed in the MoE Decision 52/1 dated 1996. The limited; values are presented in the table below. Table 2-3 Sound pressure limits (MoE Decision 52/1, 1996) Phase Sound Pressure Level dB(A) Working Location (less than 8 working hrs.) 90 Working Location (requires good speech hearing) 80 Therefore, the maximum national standard of 90 (dB) for occupational noise exposure limits should not exceed an average duration of 8 hours working days. If the limits are higher than the acceptable limits, then the exposure duration should be reduced as mentioned in the table below. Table 2-4 Noise exposure limits (MoE Decision 52/1,1996) Sound Pressure Level dB(A) Exposure Duration (hrs.) 95 4 100 2 105 1 110 0.5 115 0.25 Moreover, the following table indicates the Lebanese noise guidelines in different zones and at different periods of the day. Table 2-5 Lebanese noise guidelines for different zones (MoE 52/1, 1996) Maximum accepted noise level dB(A) Area classification Day1 Evening2 Night3 Residential area with few construction sites, activities or on a 50 – 60 45 – 55 40 – 50 highway Urban residential area 45 – 55 40 – 50 35 – 45 Residential suburb 40 – 50 35 – 45 30 – 40 Rural residential, hospital, public garden 35 – 45 30 – 40 25 – 35 Industrial zone 60 – 70 55 - 65 50 - 60 (1) (2) (3) 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. 2.4 World Bank Policies and Guidelines 2.4.1 Safeguard Policies TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-12 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners The ESMP for Kesrouane Caza should comply with the safeguard policy of the WB, specifically, the OP/BP 4.01 regarding Environmental Assessment. The OP 4.01 is triggered as the project could have impacts on the environment due to the maintenance of road infrastructures and associated civil works. Under the requirements of OP4.01, the proposed project is classified as Category B. Impacts have no severe effects on the environment and can be mitigated via an environmentaland social management plan. Despite that OP 4.12 was triggered by this project and RPF was accordingly prepared (disclosed on the CDR website), in the context of Kesrouane and in accordance with site specific plans, no involuntary resettlement or land acquisition will take place. In other words, the project will be implemented primarily within the existing “right of way” and there will be no displaced persons by the project activities (this includes local and Syrian refugees). 2.4.2 Access to Information, Consultations and Disclosure Policy The WB allows access to any information in its possession that is not on a list of exceptions. Moreover, transparency is essential to building and maintaining communal dialogue, and increasing public awareness about the WBG’s development role and mission. In this context, a formal consultation process with the public took place during the preparation of this ESMP for Kesrouane Caza (refer to section 7.1). Moreover, this ESMP will be disclosed on CDR’s and concerned municipalities’ website. 3 Description of the Proposed Project 3.1 Project Scope and Location The project comprises routine maintenance activities in Lot 13 - Kesrouane Caza, primarily targeting the maintenance of primary roads, including International roads that range from one lane in each direction with low traffic volume to multiple lanes in each direction with high traffic density, known as Highways. This includes the repair of expansion joints for Adma interchange. Secondary roads will be considered if there is sufficient budget. To assess the roads' conditions, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted at the Caza level, focusing on five representative roads (refer to Table 3-1 and Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2) (The total length of these roads is around 95 km) and on Adma interchange (refer to Figure 3-3), as detailed in separate technical reports prepared by Engineer Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-13 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure 3-1 Kesrouane Caza primary roads TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-14 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure 3-2 Kesrouane Caza representative roads TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-15 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table 3-1 Representative roads in Kesrouane Caza Road name Description Classification Naher el Kaleb- Ajaltoun- Faraya Primary Road K1 – Oyoun El Siman (48 km) Ain Ed Delbe – Nahr Ed Dahb- Pirmary Road K2 Jouret el Tourmous – El Ghine (11 km) Aajaltoun – Daraya – Hemlaya Primary Road K3 (4km) Jounieh – Casino Nahr Ibrahim Highway Road K5 (10 km) Jounieh –Bkerke – Harissa – Secondary Road K6 Aachqout – Wata El Jaouz (22 km) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-16 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure 3-3 Adma Interchange TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-17 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 3.2 Project Activities The envisaged general roadway repair works within Kesrouane Caza were grouped into incidental repair works, pavement repair works, concrete repair works, installation of channelizing devices and traffic control devices, and repair of expansion joints (Table 3-2). Table 3-2 Envisaged routine maintenance activities for Kesrouane Category Maintenance Activity 1. Incidental repair  Clearing and grubbing works  Repair of damaged manhole covers  Repair of Masonry wall  Cleaning of waterways, hydraulic structures, drainage pipes, and box culverts, 2. Pavement repair  Pavement overlay, for a limited area, consists of paving over the existing works roadway to cover cracks, fill potholes and increase the strength of the roadway  Shallow patching works, for a limited section, includes removing the existing pavement (milling); generally, between 4 to 5 cm, and paving the area that was milled  Deep patching works, for a limited section, may be needed when the structural integrity of the road is compromised. Including excavation, base course (30 cm), prime coat, asphalt binder course, tack coat and asphalt wearing courses  Crack sealing  Milling & overlay for sunken but stable trench, width less than 1 m including tack coat  Removal and reinstatement of damaged trench width less than 1 m including excavation, base course (30cm), prime coat, asphalt binder course, tack coat and asphalt wearing courses 3. Concrete repair  Repair of box culverts, headwalls, concrete channel, concrete safety works barrier, retaining walls, and cover channels 4. Installation of  Installation of thermoplastic reflectorized road paint lines including Traffic control surface preparation and removal of existing paint lines (where needed)  Installation of thermoplastic reflectorized special road marking devices including speed limit marking, cats eye, pavement studs, bituminous speed humps; rumble strips; delineators and makers posts; temporary traffic signs, barricade with flashers etc. 5. Temporary  Installation and reinstallation of concrete barrier, removable single face Channelizing concrete safety barrier, or removable double face concrete safety barrier. Devices 6. Maintenance/repai Works will be subject to the state of defect which is described based on two folds: r of existing  In case of slight defect: the repair of existing joints consists of replacing highway the damaged parts of joint and restoring/repairing the deteriorated parts expansion joints of anchorage systems without full replacement of existing joints.  In case of complete defect: the rehabilitation of deck expansion joints includes mainly replacing the existing one by a similar type of joint according to the method statement presented hereafter. The majority of highway joints under this scope of work are reinforced elastomeric joints and the required maintenance works consist mainly of fully/partially replacing the damaged joint with a new one having similar technical specifications. The execution of required works can be classified as a simple maintenance activity that will be carried out with a limited number of labourers (between TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-18 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 5 & 8 workers for each joint bridge), light machine (pick-up truck, bobcat), and in a quick time (not to exceed two weeks per bridge). It will include the following activities: - Install as necessary the temporary signing and channelizing devices for the traffic control plan in the working area. - Remove of the existing expansion joints, all related materials and accessories. - Repairing as required the area below the expansion joint (Utilization of Epoxy mortar for steel anchor). - Install Joint including drill and fixation of anchor bolts by Epoxy resin. - Asphalt Surface from both sides (max. of 1 meter) of the expansion joint as needed. - Clean and fill the transition strip on both sides of the expansion joints. - Remove the temporary signing and channelizing devices for the traffic control The following photos illustrate the current conditions of Adma interchange, that is under the project scope, and the methods and the main activities in the maintenance of reinforced elastomeric joints (from other projects similar to this scope of works). Photo 1 current conditions of Adma interchange joints Photo 2 Levelling of surface Photo 3 Joint Installation below the expansion joint TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-19 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 3.3 Equipment and Materials/Items Typical equipment used for routine maintenance activities include shovel, grass cutter, wheel roller, crusher, grader, paver, compacting equipment (compactor/roller), milling machines, cleaning machines, lifting devices etc. A typical tabular format, which shows the raw materials and items needed for the routine maintenance activities, is presented in Table D in Annex 1. 3.4 Staffing and Site Facilities Routine maintenance activities are typically of small scale (i.e., activities will occur on a small section of the road), but widely dispersed, and most of them require skilled and unskilled manpower. The number of required unskilled workers (laborers) needed to perform repair works on-site will depend on each maintenance activity and on the timing of works. In this context, and as an indicative number only, the number of workers is estimated to be 20 workers for normal days and can increase to reach up to 30 workers during the peak maintenance period (e.g., before the rainy season). Accordingly, the Contractor will be encouraged to hire laborers from the local community living in the project area (with an equitable distribution between Lebanese and Syrian). The Contractor’s skilled labors include environmental, social, and OHS experts who will be responsible of the implementation of this ESMP in collaboration with project manager, site engineers, and site officers. They will also train non-skilled workers on how to follow the safeguards requirements. The Project site will not include labor camps, lodging on site, and repair garages. During the implementation phase, the Contractor will have to rent a flat located in the Project area to serve as a project office. The office will be fully used by the Contractor Engineers, technical skilled workers and the Supervising Consultant. The flat will be equipped with toilet, kitchen (including drinking water and appliances), lockers and other supplies needed for the daily administrative activities. If applicable, the on-site rest point will be decided by the Contractor at the time of works. Finally, the Contractor will have to service the on-site with a portable cabin toilet. The porta cabin will be mobile and its placement depends on the work zone (wastewater management in relation to the porta cabin are provided in Table 5-1). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-20 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 4 Description of the Environment and Social Context Existing conditions within the area of influence were recorded prior the project implementation. This data was then analyzed for impact prediction and assessment. Baseline data covers the status of the following receptors: air quality, water/soil quality, hydrogeological conditions, climate and meteorology, natural habitats, land-use/land-cover, and socio- economic conditions. 4.1 Physical Environment 4.1.1 Topography Roads under consideration are located in Kesrouane Caza. Primary roads start off at the coast and ascend east into the mountains. Attitude approximately range between 10 m to 2,500 m (refer to topography map for Kesrouane Caza in Figure A in Annex 2). BR-1 is located 70 m above sea level with a height of 10 m. The variation of surface elevation of representative roads in Kesrouane Caza is presented in the table below: Table 4-1 Variation of surface elevation of representative roads in Kesrouane Caza Elevation (m) Road Alignment Min Max Mean K1 27 2113 1,246 K2 895 1289 1029 K3 718 898 832 K5 13 102 40 K6 28 1366 816 4.1.2 Subsurface and Surface Conditions The geology at the Caza level was investigated for outcropping formations, subsurface stratigraphy, structure (faults, folds, seismic, etc.), hydrogeology (groundwater and sea water intrusions) and hydrology (surface water). Assessments showed that Kesrouane roads mostly fall on a karstic limestone formation. The system is characterized by a significant amount of groundwater flowing in channels, faults and fractures. The transmissivity of these formations is generally high and water table is shallow. In other words, nearly all roads in Kesrouane lie on permeable formations which expose the groundwater aquifers to possible contamination (e.g. K3 falls 100% over J6). More specifically, the outcropping lithological formations in and around the study area belong to multiple geological time periods namely, to the Cretaceous (46%) and Jurassic (31%) geological time periods. Some roads are very rich in winter drainage channels that discharge downstream to “Wadi Tabarja” and “Wadi Ghazir, others intersect with Nahr Ibrahim, Nahr el Kaleb and Wadi Jounieh. Finally, some roads are surrounded by several surface winter drainage channels which lead downstream to “El Kaleb” river. 4.1.2.1 Geological Outcrops: The geology of the studied area was investigated for outcropping formations, subsurface stratigraphy, hydrogeology and hydrology. The summary of the geological outcrops exposed in the study are listed and described in Table E in Annex 2. Additionally, in order to obtain a TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-21 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners better understanding of the geology in the area, a geospatial analysis (Figure B in Annex 2) was performed to indicate the percentages of geological outcrops encountered at the Caza level. For example, road K3 sits entirely (100%) over a J6 Jurassic and all other roads K1, K2, K5, and K6 are more than 70% sitting on Jurassic and cretaceous formations. 4.1.2.2 Hydrogeological Conditions: Geological units can be defined as aquifer or aquiclude in term of storing and transmitting water, and these types depend on the geological environment in which they occur. In summary, in terms of hydro-stratigraphy, the project covers several classes:  Karstic limestone formation represented as 1,2, and 3 in Figure C and described in Table G (in Annex 2): these types of formations are highly susceptible to contamination in the event of mismanagement of generated wastes due to the shallow water table and easy subsurface water flow which enhances spread of contamination when it occurs.  In-porous formation represented as 5, 10, and 11 in Figure C these types of formations typically limit subsurface water flow and therefore any contamination that manages to infiltrate to the subsurface is highly unlikely to spread. Similar to the geological analysis, a hydrogeological analysis was done to determine the percentage distribution of hydrogeological classes at the Caza level; where more than 75% consists of karstic and high transmissivity formations with wide and rich water table and similar statistics are found for each individual road as shown in (Table H and Table G in Annex 2). For example, Road K3 sits entirely (100%) over a class 1 Jurassic formation and high transmissivity formation and all other roads K1, K2, K5, and K6 are more than 70% sitting on karstic high transmissivity formations, which facilitates and increases the risk of water contamination in the area. 4.1.2.3 Surface Water The main rivers in Kesrouane are: “El Kaleb” river (Nahr El Kaleb); Ibrahim river (Nahr Ibrahim); “Wadi Tabarja”; “Wadi Ghazir”; and ‘Wadi Jounieh’. The general surface layout map of Kesrouane Caza is shown in Figure C in Annex 2 and in Table I for the representative roads. For instance, the assessment shows that Road K5: intersects with Nahr el Kalb, Wadi Jounieh, Wadi Ghazir river, Wadi Tabarja and Ibrahim river. Whereas, Road K6 runs parallel intersects with Wadi jounieh river in Achkoute and Bekaatet Achkoute and Road K1 intersects with the Nahr Ibrahim river several times in Faraya, Mazraat Kfardebian, and Mchee Kesrouane (Kfardebian).whereas, the main springs recorded in Kesrouane Caza with respect to road alignments are presented in Figure D and Table J in Annex 2. For instance, the notable springs include Naabaa el Asal (251 m away from Road K1), Nabaa el Laban (947 m away from Road K1), and Ain Ed Delbe (10 m away from Road K2). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-22 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 4.1.3 Climate The climate and meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. One of the most significant meteorological parameters that influence project activities is precipitation due to its ability to enhance the infiltration of accidental spills and contaminated construction wastewater within the area depending on site operation procedures. The total precipitation ranges between 919mm at coastal area (lowest point) and 1,043 mm at mountain (highest point) whereas, the hottest month in the area is August (31.19 oC) and coldest month is January (-2.13 oC) (CHIRPS and MODIS satellites). 4.1.4 Ambient Air Air quality is an essential component in assessing social wellbeing and health status of a community. Atmospheric air quality data was collected from the Sentinel 5P Tropomi Satellite which provides daily near real time data for various gases in the atmosphere. The mean tropospheric NO2 column density was calculated using the Google earth engine code java script editor resulting in Figure E Distribution of air pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in the troposphere above the Lebanese border average from year 2018 up to August 2023 (data retained from Sentinel-5 precursor/TROPOMI Level 2 Product (in Annex 2) which revealed in the mean NO2 values across the border of Lebanon between year 2018 up to end of year 2023. It is clear that the NO2 pollution is concentrated above the Beirut area and decreases when moving east to reach its lowest value in the eastern Bekaa plain. The routine maintenance roads of Kesrouane Caza are overlain over the NO2 map to have an idea of the ambient air quality in the surrounding area. 4.1.5 Land Use/ Land Cover A LULC analysis was conducted to determine the distribution of LULC over the whole Caza (% of LULC distribution throughout the Caza are presented in Figure F in Annex 2). Further the analysis determined as well the % of LULC distribution along the representative road alignments with a fixed buffer of 50 m from roads centerlines (refer to Table M in Annex 2). The assessment revealed that 29% of the Caza's LULC is comprised of outcrops. Additionally, and 24% of the adjacent LULC along Road K1. Grasslands account for 19% of the land cover, while outcrop areas make up 7%. Additionally, dense pine forests make up 12% of the Caza's land cover, and medium to high oak forests account for 16%. The remaining land cover includes mainly urban fabrics, shrublands, deciduous fruit trees, and field crops, as specified in Annex 2. 4.2 Biological Environment A rapid biological assessment was carried out to draw the ecological profile of the adjacent areas to Kesrouane primary roads. The assessment was based on the LULC analysis/map Results were then compiled with site visit observations. Potential flora species were also considered in this assessment and their ecological value was based on their local ecological importance (distribution of species and degree of endemism (Tohmé and Tohmé, 2014) and IUCN classification). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-23 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 4.2.1 Project Settlement The biogeographic region ranges from the Thermo-Mediterranean near the coast to the Eu- Mediterranean and Supra-Mediterranean at Wata el Joz and Mountainous zone at the level of Oyoun el Siman. The altitudinal range plays an important role in plant composition (Abi Saleh, 1996). Thermo-Mediterranean zone comprises at the sea level a coastal belt sheltering plant communities reflecting the beach habitat and consist at higher altitude of mainly Carob- lentiscus series and Quercus calliprios thermophilous series. The Supra-Mediterranean zone is characterized by the series of Quercus calliprinos, the series of Quercus infectoria; the series of Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus series; the Pinus pinea and Pinus brutia found on sandstone. Whereas, Mediterranean mountains are characterized by different forest groupings, quite specialized floristically. Mainly cedar and fir trees are associated with varied deciduous oak trees that can also exist in scattered stand from particular subseries 4.2.2 Natural Habitats and Associated Flora The assessment revealed that some roads involve partly particular biotopes. These biotopes include rivers, wild pine forests, oak woodlands, outcrops and rocky habitats (characterized by one of the most important floral communities, with many endemics or rare species); and riparian habitats where roads and river intersect. These ecosystems constitute a dynamic hideout for numerous reptile, mammals, and birds (detailed description of these habitats and their associated flora and fauna is presented in Table L in Annex2). The remaining road segments are primarily adjacent to human settlements, olive groves (Olea europaea), agriculture terraces and tunnels, scrublands and grasslands, cultivated trees (e.g., cypress trees), and open garrigue vegetation (discontinuous bushy associations of the Mediterranean calcareous plateaus dominated by Kermes Oak (Quercus calliprinos) and dwarf-shrubs). These types of habitats do not provide a favorable environment for a large variety of plants and animals. 4.2.3 Ecological Criticality Roads that are considered ecologically critical (i.e. involve critical segments) are:  Roads that are bordered by particular biotopes, such as riparian habitats (excellent refuges for birds, reptiles, and amphibians (e.g. where Road K1 and Naher el Kaleb river intersect in Kfardbiane); dense oak forests/maquis (high diversity value - e.g., bordering Roads K1 and K2); and pine forests (notably along Road K6 Daroun, and Harissa) - Pine forests offer diverse habitats, in Lebanon and Keserouane, they are frequently used in ecological restoration projects to rehabilitate degraded lands and promote ecosystem recovery.  Mountainous road segments, given the ecological criticality of recorded rocky habitats and outcrops, that serve as critical breeding sites for avian predators and refuge for reptiles. They also harbor one of the most important floral communities (refer to Table L in Annex 2) . For instance, outcrops constitute 29% of Kesrouane's TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-24 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners LULC and 24% of the adjacent LULC along Road K1 (refer to Figure E in Annex 2). More specifically, special care is required if routine maintenance works will take place along mountainous roads for example Road K1: 1) namely the segment in Kfardbiane, where the mix between wooded slopes, calcareous outcrops, Quercus cerris stands, and wet meadow is particularly significant). Calcareous rock cliffs are expected to harbour endemic and rare vegetal species typical to the mountainous area (refer to Table K) and 2) at Oyoun el Simane area of Kfardebian in the Sannine mountain (in case maintenance activities will take place at this area along Road K1). Oyoun el Simane area is known for supporting a wide range of plant and animal species including rare species typical of mountainous regions (refer to Table K). This includes the Jurd. Despite the Jurd being a ‘quasi-unproductive' degraded ecosystem with low vegetation cover (arid, overgrazed, and hunting area), protecting the Jurd area and avoiding its contamination would be crucial to protect the springs in the area. These ecosystems in Lebanon require enhancement and protection. 4.3 Socio-Economic Condition 4.3.1 Summary of relevant Caza Background General background Kesrouane, one of Lebanon's 26 districts, spans an area of 344 km² within the country's total 10,452 km² surface. As of 2019, it was home to around 260,500 residents, comprising 5.4% of Lebanon's total population. Among these residents, 52.7% were females, and 47.3% were males, with nearly half falling within the 25–64 years’ age group (CAS, 2020). In terms of household headship, approximately 79.5% were led by men, slightly lower than the national rate of 81.5%, while 20.5% were headed by women, relatively higher than the national rate of 18.5%. The average family size is approximately 3.96 individuals (CAS, 2020). Kesrouane experienced an overall headcount poverty rate of 15%, in contrast to Lebanon's average of 27% (UNDP, 2008). There is no updated data available concerning impoverished households and individuals with disabilities in Kesrouane. However, it is evident that the economic crisis has disproportionately affected already vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities and those aged 65 and above (ILO, 2021). The number of registered Syrian refugees in Kesrouane stood at 8,339 (UNHCR, 2023). They typically reside in concrete buildings within local communities. There are no official Syrian refugee’s camps or tent settlements along the assessed roads (thus they are considered in this assessment as part of the local community). There is no updated data on Syrian refugees at Kesrouane level. At the national level, in 2019, 18% of Syrian households were led by women, and 6% by individuals above the age of 59. Moreover, the proportion of households with at least one member having specific needs, such as disability or chronic medical conditions, increased from 64% in 2018 to 70% in 2019 (VASyR, 2019). The vulnerability of Syrian refugees also escalated, with a growing number falling below the poverty and severe poverty lines in 2019 (VASyR, 2019). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-25 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Mitigation measures outlined in this ESMP are designed to ensure that the communities around the roads, including any vulnerable groups such as impoverished households, the elderly, and Syrian refugees, if present, will not be negatively impacted. The assessment focused on immediate sensitive receptors as specified in section 4.3.2. Access to hospitals was relatively limited in Kesrouane, with only 18% of available services (CAS, 2020). Notable hospitals in the area include Saydet Lebanon hospital, NDU Hospital, LAU medical center, KMC hospital (located 170m away from road K5), and Bouar public hospital (located 210 m away from road K5). All encountered hospitals are listed in Table N and Table O). Public transport accessibility was significantly lower in Kesrouane compared to the national average, being 18 percentage points less. In terms of education, the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) decreased with the education level. At the elementary level, Kesrouane's GER was 96.8%, and NER was 85.9%, both higher than the national rates (CAS, 2020). However, at the secondary level, the GER was 94.5%, and the NER dropped to 73.6%, again higher than the national rates at this level. Regarding illiteracy rates among residents aged 10 years and above, Kesrouane had one of the lowest rates at the Caza level (4.2%), significantly lower than the national rate of 7.4% (CAS, 2020). Numerous schools were reported along assessed roads. They are reported in Annex 2. Finally, in terms of income, households in Kesrouane were less likely to earn below 2,400 thousand LBP but more likely to earn 2,400 thousand LBP or more compared to the national level (CAS, 2020). The employment-to-population ratio in Kesrouane (48.5%) was higher than the national ratio (43.3%), with notable gender disparities in employment, where the ratio was 35.1% for women and 63.6% for men aged 15 years and above (CAS, 2020). Informal employment in Kesrouane was reported (CAS, 2020) to be lower than the national level (14.9% and 20.1%, respectively). 4.3.2 Sensitive Receptors Environmental receptors As indicated in the physical and biological analysis, specific road segments have been identified as critical due to their proximity to particular environmental features. These environmental features/sensitive receptors include rivers, springs, as well as ecologically significant ecosystems, that require protection. In summary the main receptors are:  Nahr El Kaleb; Nahr Ibrahim; “Wadi Tabarja”; “Wadi Ghazir”; and ‘Wadi Jounieh (refer to chapter 4 – Subsurface and Surface conditions)  Ain ed Delbe (spring), that is located 10 m away from Road K2  Riparian habitats near the detected rivers and when roads and river intersect (e.g. where Road K1 and Naher el Kaleb river intersect in Kfardbiane)  Oak maquis (e.g., bordering Roads K1 and K2)  Pine forests (notably along Road K6 Daroun, and Harissa) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-26 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners  Rocky habitats and outcrops detected in Kfardibian along Road K1 (refer to chapter 4 – biological environment). The ESMP provides a comprehensive set of mitigation measures that must be rigorously followed when conducting maintenance work in close proximity to these environmental receptors. Additionally, some roads are deemed critical because they are situated on Karstic formations, which renders the adjacent soils (the receiving environment) highly susceptible to potential contamination. For example, particular caution is required when conducting operations along K3 that falls 100% over J6). Social receptors Nearly all assessed roads include segments that are in close proximity to residential buildings and shops and churches (e.g. Saydet Najet Church is 16 m away from Road K2, Christ Bible Baptist church is 4 m away from Rod K1 and Saint Elias Church is only 54 m away from Road K5, refer to Table N in Annex 2). Some roads include as well sections that are in close proximity to agricultural terraces (e.g. Road K3, K6 (in Bzumar) and K1 (in Aajaltoun, Faytroun, Faraya and Kfardibian), whereas others are in close proximity to schools (e.g. Saint Roch School is 42 m away from Road K1and Ajaltoun technical school is only 70 m away from Road K3) and hospitals (e.g. KMC hospital is located 170 m away from road K5), and Bouar public hospital (located 210m away from road K5) (refer to Table N in Annex 2). When road sections are within a distance of 50 meters or less from, or intersect with, surrounding sensitive receptors, particular attention is required if they are to be maintained. The Contractor must inform the local community about the work schedule and execute the works at appropriate timings to avoid disruptions for main PAP (road users, residents and shop owners, citizens going to church, patients, or students) ensuring smooth access. Additionally, early coordination with owners of shops and local residents adjacent to the concerned roads is necessary before work execution. During the execution of works near agricultural terraces, water spraying would be crucial to limit impacts on farmers' produce. Finally, it is worth noting that no sensitive receptors were recorded along Adma interchange (refer to photo 1 in Table 3-2). Road users could be affected if the project TMP was not effectively implemented. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-27 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 5 Potential Impacts and Proposed Mitigation measures In this Chapter, the project positive impacts and the identified REP’s potential negative impacts are elaborated along with their correspondent mitigation measures. 5.1 Positive Impacts Potential positive environmental impacts of the routine maintenance activities are associated with enhanced road conditions. For instance, improved drainage will 1) decrease blockages and improve surface storm water run-off, 2) improve traffic safety, and 3) control erosion, which in turn reduces the risk of water stagnation which can damage road pavement and is associated with several waterborne diseases and contamination. Additionally, the project will improve the safety conditions of the roads through repair of pavements, safety barriers and retaining walls. Most importantly, the project will create short-term employment opportunities to local residents and Syrian refugees. Considerable additional jobs will also be created in the supply chain industries as well as the engineering and consultancy services. Finally, the project will boost as well economic activities along the active roads, for instance, shops owners will benefit from the influx of labor, and local garages will benefit from increased business in vehicle and equipment maintenance. 5.2 Negative Impacts Potential negative impacts on local environment, communities, and workers are presented in Table 5-1. Impacts were assessed for the routine maintenance activities covered under the project scope. The grading methodology that was used is detailed in Annex 3. Critical road segments, situated on permeable formations or in close proximity to rivers/springs and areas of high ecological significance, were subjected to worst-case scenario impacts. It is expected that these road segments will experience more significant impacts, and as a result, specific mitigation measures have been provided. Regarding the social impact assessment, impacts on socio economic conditions of vulnerable groups will be assessed as part of the impacts on the surrounding inhabited areas, as in Kesrouane, displaced Syrians are not living in specific camps, and thus are considered as part of the local communities. Moreover, it is important to mention that maintenance works in Kesrouane will not require land acquisition, therefore, vulnerable groups will not be relocated. Impacts include fugitive dust emission during maintenance work, increase in noise pollution derived from construction machinery, degradation of water quality, potential damages to existing utilities, and disturbance of local biodiversity. Potential social risks related to the project include nuisance; traffic disturbance; potential labor influx; potential social tensions; increase in GBV risks (mainly SEA and SH); inappropriate labor conditions; obstruction of temporary access routes to sensitive receptors, damages of public utilities, and others. Further, adverse HS and OHS impacts that are associated with project activities (exposure to physical, chemical, biological hazards and traffic-related accidents) are expected to be of high significance in the absence of an effective Environment Health and Safety (EHS)/OHS management system and TMP or in case of safety gaps (e.g., incomplete risk assessment and lack of safety procedures, training, engineering and administrative controls, emergency preparedness and response plan). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-28 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 5.3 Environmental and Social Management Plans All identified impacts must be controlled and mitigated as early as possible. Thus, the aim of the management plans is to ensure effective and fast action responses to achieving good environmental, social, and safety performances. In addition to the environmental management plan (Table 5-1) and the social management plan Table 5-2), a separate OHS management plan was provided (Table 5-3). Both the ESMP and the OHS management plan must be implemented to fulfill REP safeguard requirements. In other words, the Contractor is obliged to implement reasonable precautions to provide a safe environment for the work force and public. Measures to prevent and control occupational and community hazards are provided at this stage of the project. However, an OHS plan, in line with CDR (2007), IFC, EHS/OHS, and OSHA guidelines for construction sites (including site-specific risk assessments), should be submitted by the Contractor before initiating works. The OHS manual plan should at least include the developed measures in Table 5-3 and a comprehensive Job Hazard Analysis (JHA). The results of these analyses should be prioritized as part of an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazard. Finally, measures in relation to traffic management and guidance in relation to the Traffic Management Plan (TMP) that should be prepared as well by the Contractor with special considerations for Highways (to be approved by consultant before commencement of work to limit the impacts on road users and the nearby local community) are provided along with H&S control measures in Table 5-3. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-29 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table 5-1 Environmental Management Plan Significance Significance of Impacts of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Before After Mitigation Mitigation Dust Control  During excavation, water should be sprinkled to hamper fugitive dust emissions that could Works with Potential to Cause pollute surrounding water quality. Impacts in case of mismanagement of Construction Solid Waste and Wastewater Management generated waste, improper handling  Excavated soil should be stored and transported offsite to the nearest licensed dumpsite of construction materials, and “due to possible heavy metal contamination. uncontrolled spills and littering:  Pollution of surface water where  During pavement repair works road cross rivers. o Cleared subgrade or reclaimed asphalt must not be disposed into the road adjacent Pavement repair works  Pollution of underground aquifers ecosystems and rivers. specially that mainly all studied o Compacted, unsuitable/degraded materials shall be disposed in a licensed landfill  Excavations and milling can road alignments fall on karst and suitable materials should be sent to facilities to be reused in construction. produce substantial amounts limestone aquifers.  Cleared materials and debris (soil, stones and sticks) should not be neither stored nor of dust and scattered  Increased water turbidity due to disposed into the nearby streams and rivers. Cleared materials should be properly collected pavement materials. the generated dust that can either away from drainage waterways  Pavement repair works will enter water courses when it is  When cleaning hydraulic structures: store wastes collected from cleaning activities of the result in the generation of mixed and directed by rain or it drainage system in appropriate containers or temporary storage sites in a manner that solid and hazardous wastes; can be deposited naturally. prevents discharge to the storm drain. All obstruction materials cleared debris, silt and mainly old asphalt layers,  Pollution of water resources and vegetation must be disposed of to a safe place. crushed sub-base aggregates, solvent and oil products etc. soil quality due to improper management of toxic substances Management of Accidental Leakages/Spills  Accidental spills of  Accidental leachate during concrete pouring should be immediately cleaned, collected in bituminous materials with (e.g., asphalt layer), inadequate disposal of solid waste, debris… an impermeable bag and disposed along the municipal solid waste collection route. construction runoff and  Have a spill response plan in place and spill kits on site. All workers should be trained on storm water might result in  Pollution of water and soil quality due to accidental spills of its implementation. water and soil quality bituminous materials,  Accidental spills of fuel or oil or hazardous materials should be stopped with an available deterioration. Water and soil chemicals/paint and leachate of obstacle. Spill should be cleaned with an absorbent pad or saw dust. Contaminated Project Medium absorbent and/or soil should be collected in an impermeable bag to be deposed along the Low Quality concrete pouring. Contractor Drainage Maintenance  Pollution of water and soil quality existing municipal waste collection route, in the absence of a national licensed landfill for due to improper management of hazardous waste.  Improper disposal of waste of removed obstructions, the generated domestic solid Proper Handling of Construction Materials and Hazardous Waste debris and waste; from waste and wastewater from the porta cabin.  Proper handling of fresh asphalt, slurry, paints, and other construction materials. cleaning hydraulic structures  Provide secondary containment when storing hazardous substances in bulk quantities.  Improper disposal of excess  Deterioration of water and soil quality due to contaminated  All refueling operations shall take place off-site, vehicles should be fueled up before waste during replacement of arriving to the road section. drainage appliances stormwater runoff with bituminous materials, fuel/oil.  Ensure Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of all hazardous materials (chemicals, sealants, patching materials) are present onsite. Installation/removing of road More specifically, as for the groundwater  Raw materials should be stored away from watercourses. markings and paintings resources, nearly all roads lie on a karstic formation characterized by its high Additionally, when the maintenance works are conducted in close proximity to roads that are in close  Improper storage and proximity to critical features i.e. rivers, springs (e.g. Ain ed Delbe, 10 m away from Road K2), dense disposal of chemical transmissivity and can be easily exposed to contamination (contamination of oak spot) the following should be implemented: compounds (e.g., paint).  Clearing and grubbing should be practiced at least 30 m away from the nearest stream or surrounding streams leading to  Spillage of chemical paint river. downstream rivers namely, “Wadi Tabarja, substances  Avoid of use of hazardous materials (e.g. solvents, chemicals, paints...etc.) “Wadi Ghazir”, “Wadi Jounieh” and “El Kaleb” river).  Mix hazardous materials at a minimum of 40 meters away from any near watercourse or Installation of concrete barriers and sensitive habitats. concrete repair works  Limit the application of surface treatments to the road surface and avoid over spraying near water courses and at watercourse crossings.  Spills from on-site concrete  Maintain suitable buffers between, material storage and watercourses and sensitive pouring habitats.  Placement of geotextile silt traps as appropriate, especially in areas close to water bodies (when roads are in close proximity to springs and rivers) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-30 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance of Impacts of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Before After Mitigation Mitigation  During installation of concrete barriers and concrete repair works, on-site concrete pouring must be done in a way to avoid leaching in nearby streams and water bodies. Concrete works should be performed at least 40 meters away from nearby streams or sensitive habitats. Control of Stormwater Runoff  In case of temporary storage of excavated materials, accidental contamination or spills of the removed soil should be avoided to limit contamination of storm water runoff and in turn the surrounding streams.  Any stockpiled construction material should be covered with an impermeable layer to avoid contamination of stormwater runoff. Domestic Solid Waste and Wastewater Management  Domestic-like waste shall be removed daily from the routine maintenance sites.  The generated waste onsite should be properly segregated at source into recyclables and organic waste in appropriately labelled waste bins.  The Contractor should link the porta cabin toilet to the existing wastewater network.  In case of linking the porta cabin toilet to a polyethylene storage tank, the following should be done: o A specialized contractor and licensed by the relevant authority (e.g. municipality) should be selected to periodically collect the wastewater from the polyethylene tank. o The tank should be inspected regularly to check for any leakages and to ensure that the generated wastewater is properly collected before it’s full. Timing of Works  Clean drain structures and repair slopes and road shoulders prior to the wet season for easier control of deleterious materials and runoff. If intervention in rainy season is needed, special care is required to allow water away from the road and avoid erosion.  If the schedule requires working in the rain, the work area shall be isolated and appropriate erosion plan must be installed to prevent the release of sediment-laden water and other deleterious substances into watercourses and sensitive habitats particularly for surface maintenance activities requiring the application of patching and sealing component, tar, asphalt, and dust control materials  Excavation of soil may result in disturbance of soil structure and thus may cause an increase in soil  Earth works erosion and release of sediments.  After repairing shoulders, it is important that the side slope is immediately covered with  Cleaning and grubbing This will permanently change the grass turfing. Project Soil erosion  Repair works resulting in structure of the soil and surface Medium Low  When trimming of grass and weeds from roadway it is important to ensure that the grass is Contractor disturbed areas which aren’t geology. not grubbed but only trimmed to avoid erosion of the slopes. properly re-vegetated.  Cleaning and grubbing grass and weeds may result-in erosion of the slopes and removal of vegetation.  Exhaust emissions from vehicles Control of Exhaust Emissions  Excavation and milling transporting workers to/from site works (i.e., buses, mini-vans, cars).  Ensure the maintenance of all construction equipment and vehicles regularly, at least once a month.  Movement of raw materials  Exhaust emissions from power transporting vehicles on generators.  Machinery and equipment should be equipped with air pollution control equipment that Project Air quality High should be monitored regularly to ensure its effective operation. Low unpaved surfaces  Exhaust and dust emissions from Contractor  Unloading of raw materials excavators, paving vehicles  Power generators should be equipped air pollution control equipment.  Open storage of raw (graders, sweepers, dump trucks,  Avoid idling time of machinery. materials asphalt pavers, Control of Dust Emissions compactors/rollers, steel wheel TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-31 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance of Impacts of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Before After Mitigation Mitigation  Disturbances to material rollers, bitumen tanks with  During excavation and dust generating activities, water should be sprinkled to hamper stockpiles by local winds spreaders). fugitive dust emissions. In specific, water should be sprayed on exposed surfaces during dry and material handling, which  Dust emissions from disturbances periods near residents, schools, churches and agricultural lands surrounding the roads (refer is of great significance to material stockpiles by local to Table N and Table O in Annex 2). depending on the road winds, material handling and  Ensure that trucks hauling raw materials are properly covered. location. traffic using unpaved roads. The  Ensure that stockpiles of raw materials are always covered  Wind blow during generated fugitive dust will highly  Ensure that all trucks carrying removed materials/waste from construction sites are transportation of materials affect the nearby agricultural covered. by vehicles and specifically lands. when transporting on Additionally, when the maintenance works are conducted in close proximity to critical segments (e.g. unpaved roads near river, natural habitat), the following should be implemented:  Loading and off-loading of raw materials should be performed away from sensitive ecosystems and/or nearby rivers.  Stockpiles of raw materials should be placed at least 50 m away from sensitive habitats.  Odors from asphalt fumes and  Transport trucks, specifically trucks transporting asphalt, are to be tightly covered at all paint can cause unpleasant smells hauling times to reduce as much as possible release of unpleasant odors.  Pavement repair works to the surrounding.  When maintenance activities will be performed in close proximity to sensitive receptors Project Odor  Installation of road marking  Odor emissions might be High (refer to Table N and Table O in Annex 2), the community should be informed beforehand Low Contractor and painting generated from mismanagement regarding the expected odor emissions. of solid waste and wastewater and  Ensure daily collection of solid waste from the site and adequate management of the disrupt the local environment. generated wastewater.  Elevated noise levels will mainly result from excavation, pavement and  Regular maintenance of the machinery, equipment and vehicle should be performed to  Heavy and noisy machinery such prevent excessive noise. milling, and concrete as, excavators, bob cat, steel placement, etc.  Appropriate work schedule should be applied to avoid nuisance to the surrounding roller, compressors, pick- up,  Noise and vibration might be receptors. Project Noise dump trucks that generate Medium Low caused by the operation of  Vehicles and equipment that meet national standards for noise and vibration should be Contractor unpleasant noise levels and earth moving and excavation used. disrupt nearby settlements and equipment, concrete mixers, natural habitats.  Avoid noise generating activities near roads surrounded by sensitive receptors (mainly cranes and the transportation road segments that are surrounded by forests) of equipment, materials and workers.  Routine maintenance debris, General Mitigation Measures excavated materials and  During drainage maintenance, culverts should be surveyed for the presence of nesting other used construction communities materials if discharged  Culverts where wildlife have been determined to be absent do not require buffers or directly into the adjacent exclusion practices rivers and valleys.  Prior to grubbing or excavation, the contractor should inspect the working zones for areas  Temporary disturbance of nearby  Wastewater discharge into ecosystems of endangered plant or animal species, any findings shall be reported immediately the roadside woodlots and  Whenever any vegetation is scheduled to remain in-place, selective clearing techniques  Direct destruction of population riparian habitats can severely shall be employed. All vegetation listed to remain should be marked  Habitat Alteration affect the local fauna and  Contractor's personnel should not damage remaining shrubs, trees or their root systems flora and eventually lead to  Road kills (i.e., mortality due to Project Biodiversity Medium during selective clearing Low vehicular collisions). contractor population destruction.  A waste management plan must be taken to avoid contaminating adjacent natural habitats  Contamination of terrestrial  Contamination of terrestrial habitat due to accidental spills and direct destruction of wildlife habitat due to accidental spill  The generation of emissions  Fauna injuries due to collision Strict Measures Near Critical Habitats: and disturbances such as with machine  In case works will take place near riparian habitats (i.e., when roads cross or are in close noise, dust, and pollutants in proximity to rivers and streams) provide a filter strip between the road and the river/stream adjacent areas’ soil and (e.g., Wadi Tabarja, “Wadi Ghazir”, “Wadi Jounieh” and “El Kaleb” river...etc.). vegetation.  Prevent spillage of construction materials and do not discharge unused or removed  Clearing and grubbing (i.e., materials during maintenance activities into adjacent natural habitats (refer to critical removal within the limits of natural habitats in Table M in Annex 2). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-32 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance of Impacts of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Before After Mitigation Mitigation working area all vegetation,  Restricting the use of noisy machines and/or adopting noise-reducing means (silencers) for surface debris and scattered construction machines, especially near sensitive areas stones and rocks etc.) could  Washing of vehicles and machinery should be done offsite and away from particular include accidental removal biotopes (wooded lands and riparian ecosystems); of sensitive and protected  In case works will take place along mountainous roads that involve rocky habitats (at species. higher elevation, e.g., K1) avoid direct destruction of reptile communities by creating a  Fauna injuries due to buffer zone. collision with machine and  Road cross-section must be fixed during works to reduce the impact on biodiversity, for vehicles due to increase in example, by flattening side slopes. This makes crossing easier for animals that find roads a traffic movement physical barrier (WB)- If feasible (in case major maintenance activities will take place at roads involving critical natural habitats e.g. segments of road bordering pine forests, oak maquis and rocky habitats. Control of Freshwater Demand  Water will be used for  Dry clean-up methods should replace wet cleaning methods whenever practical (sweeping, domestic purposes, for dust collection vacuum, wiping…etc.). construction activities  Appropriate plastic sheeting or waterproof paper should be used to cover the concrete after (curing of concrete, water curing to preserve moisture and reduce the evaporation that leads to decrease water  During the routine maintenance moisturizing temporary quantities used. Resources works, overconsumption of water Project stockpiles…etc.) and for Medium  Signs near water-using appliances should be installed to encourage water conservation. Low Consumption and energy will lead to Contractor cleaning and dust exploitation of natural resources. Control of Energy Demand suppression.  Energy will be consumed for  Turning off non-used equipment should be done. the operation of vehicles and  Machinery and generators shall be regularly maintained and operated in an efficient equipment. manner.  Vehicles should not be allowed to remain idle for long periods. Table 5-2 Social Management Plan Significanc Significance e of of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility After before Mitigation Mitigation Potential Labor influx and labor induced SEA/SH  Providing workers with the necessary training and awareness raising session on issues regarding SEA/SH, GBV prior to signing the CoC.  Ensuring that workers sign the Code of Conduct (CoC) (refer to Annex 5) that targets GBV risks, specifically SEA induced by labor influx, and penalizes the perpetrators of SEA/SH. Socio-Economic Conditions  Ensuring that REP established GRM is well disseminated to affected communities (before Community commencement of works) through municipalities public boards, project sign boards, and mobile GRM signs.  Potential Labor influx  Ensuring that REP GRM (including the QR code along active roads) is properly functioning  Labor-induced SH and SEA to record complaints from the surrounding communities. This will ensure the management Project Social Risks All project activities  Traffic disturbance and obstruction of High of complaints and the implementation of corrective actions. Low Contractor access routes to sensitive receptors  Ensuring that training on GBV/SEA are regularly delivered, and REP GRM and the referral  Disturbance of sensitive receptors pathways are functioning.  Disturbance of public utilities and  REP GRM specific procedures for SEA/SH, including confidential reporting with safe and interference with private ethical documenting of SEA/SH cases must be communicated to all workers. properties/lands  The Contractor should employ a social/environmental specialist to supervise the GBV issues related to SEA/SH such as supervise signing of CoCs, verify adequate operation of the GRM for SEA/SH etc. Obstruction of access routes to sensitive receptors  Adequate and timely communication with the concerned municipalities and dissemination of project-related work schedule with the surrounding community. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-33 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significanc Significance e of of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility After before Mitigation Mitigation  Routine maintenance works should not be performed during peak traffic hours (e.g., works can take place when students are already at school and in a way not to disturb people going to church where roads are in close proximity to schools, churches and other sensitive receptors as shown in Annex2).  The temporary traffic control can involve lane width reduction, lane closures depending on the type and duration of routine maintenance activities to be performed. Detours and diversions should be designed and provided as needed to ensure a continuous traffic movement. Traffic control measures will be provided in the project TMP.  Provision of safe passages and crossings for pedestrians namely for roads that involve schools, hospitals, and churches (refer to sensitive receptor map and table in Annex 2) and for farmers when road segment are in close proximity to agricultural lands (refer to LULC map). Disturbance of sensitive receptors (noise and dust)  Noise levels and air emissions should be maintained within the national permissible limits and the contractor should be limited to working hours as defined with local municipalities.  Activities should be planned in consultation with the local community so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are planned during periods of the day that will result in least disturbance.  Nighttime activities, if any, should be performed using low-noise technologies.  When performing noise generating activities, the Contractor should inform sensitive receptors such as nearby residences, schools, hospitals, and churches, if they lie in close proximity to the assessed roads, as shown in Table N in Annex 2).  During excavation and dust generating activities, water should be sprinkled to hamper fugitive dust emissions. In specific, water should be sprayed on exposed surfaces during dry periods near schools, churches, and agricultural lands surrounding the roads.  Strict supervision must be applied when roads are in close proximity to the detected sensitive receptors i.e. ensuring that the Contractor will apply the above provided strict measures and that ongoing communication with affected people is being conducted. Disturbance of public utilities and private properties  Pushing excavated materials onto adjacent lands and damaging public utilities or private properties must be avoided through delineation of work areas.  When trimming trees, broken or cut limbs are not to fall on or damage overhead wires.  Avoid damaging any possible existing infrastructure and try to obtain plans prior to commencement of any maintenance works in coordination with the relevant municipalities.  Procedures for rapid notification in the case of disruption of any existing utility  Immediate assistance with re-instatement, and close follow-up with concerned authorities Child Labor  The project should have measures in contracts to ensure that those below the working age are not hired and ensure that labor law of Lebanon is followed.  Labor registry and age verification must be maintained during the whole project through an age Labor Conditions verification mechanism to be implemented by the Contractor with documentation and records to be checked by the supervising engineer (including the continuous ID control).  Inadequate labor conditions  Penalty provisions should be available for hiring child labor. All Project activities  During the employment procedure, the contractor or subcontractor should abide by the Lebanese Project  Workers tension (Syrian/Lebanese Medium Low and the recruitment process Law No.0 dated 1946. Contractor ratio)  Child labor Inadequate Labor Conditions  Under-participation of women  Safety and protection of workers should be ensured within the contracts provided by the contractor.  Appropriate rules and regulations should be implemented in order to ensure the protection of laborers.  Contractors should be forced to abide by the specified Lebanese law determining the minimum TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-34 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significanc Significance e of of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility After before Mitigation Mitigation wage and minimum working age for children.  Contractor must comply with Decision 29/1 dated 2018 which restricts significant number of jobs to Lebanese only and allows Syrians to occupy jobs that are not restricted to Lebanese.  Continuous monitoring is required to maintain adequate labor conditions.  Ensure that all workers (locals and foreign, skilled and unskilled) shall be compensated and are contracted equally as per the scale of market price rates, have equal contractual benefits and working conditions, and have access to internal GRM Social tensions and conflict over job-sharing and dissatisfaction with allocation of project- generated jobs.  Clear criteria for job selection and allocation should be adopted accounting for the ratio of Syrian and Lebanese community workers in Kerouane Caza and types of positions available.  It is important to avoid competition between Syrian workforce willing to accept lower wages and skilled Lebanese labor.  The Contractor should ensure a fair allocation of job opportunities, and most importantly non- discrimination and fair treatment should be ensured among workers (such as equal contractual wages/benefits and working conditions).  Clear communication with all affected workers and good implementation of REP GRM are essential to mitigate the potential risk of social tensions or dissatisfaction among Syrian and Lebanese workers. Under-participation or underemployment or discrimination of women  Setting minimum percentage of women at the employment phase.  The project should ensure that gender equality is attained when it comes to recruitment, salary levels and others.  Promoting the employment of females in appropriate jobs such as managerial or administrative positions. Prior to grubbing or excavation, the contractor should inspect the working zones for areas of archaeological remains. Chance-find procedure:  During excavation (shallow and  All maintenance activities in place of the discovery must cease immediately once discovery deep) and other geotechnical of an archaeological artefact or complex is discovered. Physical works, there is a potential to  Excavation, milling and  The site must be fenced (protected) and authorities (Ministry of Culture / Directorate Project Cultural unexpectedly find and impact Medium Low grubbing. General of Antiquities (MoC/DGA)) must be informed within 24 hours following the Contractor Resources archaeological materials in an national procedures (law 166/LR of 1933 that regulates antiquities and law 37 of 2008 on area not previously known for Cultural properties its archaeological interest.  The area should be secured in order to prevent any destruction or disappearance of the archaeological complexes.  Work should not be commenced without the DGAs’ written decision on how to handle the findings and recommence the work. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-35 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table 5-3 H&S Management Plan (in accordance with IFC EHS/OHS guidelines) – see more details in Annex 7 Significance Significance Health and of Impacts of Impacts Safety Activities Impact before Mitigation Measures after Responsibility Hazards mitigation mitigation measures measures Communication of risk with local community  Placing of warning signs to warn the passing citizens about the potential hazards. Signage should be in accordance with international standards (e.g., OSHA 29 CFR 1910.145) and be well known to, and easily understood by the general public as appropriate.  Restricting access to working sites, through directorial controls and dangerous spots in the working sites such as pits, trenches, etc. must be clearly marked and fenced. Disease prevention  When repairing rain cuts and minor slips, if material was borrowed along the sides of the embankment, it is important to ensure that it does not become a pond of stagnant water where mosquitos can breed, particularly when it is situated nearby human settlements Community  General site hazards Developing a TMP Project Health and  All activities  Disease Occurrence High Low  A TMP must be prepared by the Contractor and approved by the Consultant and PIU before commencement of work Contractor Safety  Traffic accidents to ensure traffic safety (refer to traffic safety section of this table)  The TMP should address the partial closure requirements to limit interference to the traveling public and minimize project-related traffic delay and accidents by applying effective traffic mitigation plans and timely diffusion of information to the community and motorists concerning construction operations. These plans must cover alternative routes when needed and must focus on preventing, minimizing and managing traffic incidents.  The TMP shall be approved by the Consultant prior the execution of work.  A special TMP for highways must be prepared as well and approved by the Consultant, where it is advised to favor non-peak hours.  In case of accidents In case of accidents, the CDR needs to be made aware of the incident within 24 hours of its occurrence, and the Bank within 48 hours Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment  Job Hazards  A JHA must be conducted before commencement of work. The results of the analysis should be prioritized as part of  Workplace/Site Hazards an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazards.  Injuries  Permit to Work (PTW) should be used for Higher Risk activities.  Physical hazards (covering all planned routine maintenance Workplace activities)  Clean eating area, potable water supply, lavatories and showers, first aid kits, lighting, fire detectors and fire-fighting o Noise o Lifting, slipping, electrical, equipment must be provided by the Contractor Kesrouane site office. equipment and working at  Equipment should be adequate for the dimension of the office and the maximum number of people present. height hazards  Fire and emergency alarm systems must be installed. o Vibration and excavation  A person must be appointed to be responsible for the fire protection. hazards  Workstations must be equipped with first-aid stations, rest areas, and eye-wash stations o Vehicle driving & site  Fire extinguishers must be available in foremen cars. Occupational traffic hazard Project Health and  All activities o Environmental hazards High First Aid and Injuries Low Contractor Safety o Culvert–specific hazards  The Contractor should ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. • Confined space  First aid kits must be available at project site office and at foremen cars. • Hazardous atmosphere  One laborer onsite should be appointed to respond to emergency cases. • Culvert collapse  All workers onsite should know where the first aid facilities are located and how to adequately use first aid kits. • Water: High flow rates  A complete list of nearby hospitals, medical centers and emergency contact numbers should be provided to workers can create dangerous at project site offices and to foremen. footing conditions  In case of any severe incidents/accident, immediate reporting to CDR within 24 hours of their occurrence, and the • Animals, particularly bank with 48 hours must be done snakes, in the culvert Special care must be taken: can be dangerous,  If manual methods for removing brush, and other vegetation are labor-intensive and require close supervision to ensure especially if trapped good production and worker safety. • Entrapment: Deep mud  In order to avoid serious physical injury or equipment damage when debris being cut by a machine shatters and flies can entrap personnel in unpredictable directions. walking through it Communication of Hazard TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-36 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance Health and of Impacts of Impacts Safety Activities Impact before Mitigation Measures after Responsibility Hazards mitigation mitigation measures measures o Working with precast Area signage and labelling of equipment concrete elements -specific  Hazardous areas (e.g., storage and excavation areas), installations, materials, and emergency exit, etc. must be marked hazards appropriately. • Incorrect loading and  All containers that may contain substances that are hazardous must be labeled as to the contents and hazard (i.e., based unloading methods: on MSDS), or suitably color coded. Copies of the hazard coding system must be posted outside the storage area where High-risk activity they are likely to come to the attention of safety personnel. (serious injuries)  All energized electrical devices and lines should be marked with warning signs. • Uncontrolled collapse  Machines with moving parts must be turned off, all electrical devices must be marked with warning signs. of elements  Warning signs (danger/caution signs, general safety information signs, emergency and direction signs) must be • Incorrect lifting and/or installed at sites, offices, parking/storage areas as needed. unsafe lifting equipment Site security • Poorly secured loads  Communication of risks to workers must be implemented. • Inappropriate or  Signage should be easily understood by workers. unstable work areas for  Good house-keeping practices (e.g., placing loose construction materials in established areas and properly managing cranes generated wastes)  Chemical hazards Training o Exposure to toxic,  Ensure that all workers are given proper site-specific instructions on OHS prior to commencing work. The OHS corrosive, sensitizing or training should consist of hazard awareness and control measures. oxidative substances.  Provide specialized trainings for supervisors of High-Risk activities to enhance personal safety (e.g., for people o Exposure to asphalt fumes is linked to breathing working at height, supervisor must be assigned and trained on risk assessment, inspection of scaffolds according to CFR 29 OSHA Part 1926 standards (SCF) and for basic fall arrest and basic rescue). problems, and skin irritation (Norseth et al,  Trainings on PTW must be conducted to all workers participating in the job. 1991).  First Aid Training must be delivered to workers by a certified trainer from Red Cross to help them learn to be more  Biological hazards conscious of safety on site and how to deal with accidents occurrence in a proper way. o Covid-19 spread/ labor- intensive project Physical hazards Noise  Workers should not be exposed to a noise level greater than 85 dB (A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection.  Limiting the duration of noise exposure (e.g., for every 3 dB (A) increase in sound levels, the allowed exposure period should be reduced by 50 percent). reference  Periodic medical hearing checks should be performed on workers who are exposed to high noise levels. Working at Height  Working at height: Scaffolds inspection according to the OSHA standards  Fall prevention and protection measures should be implemented, such as the installation of guardrails with mid-rails and toe boards at the edge of any fall hazard area  Train supervisors and workers for basic fall rescue Safe tree branches removal  Ensure all ladders or scaffolding used in tree branch removal are securely fixed and one worker is holding the ladder while another worker is climbing up and cutting the branches.  When using the rope to remove branches from tree, ensure that the length of the rope is longer than the height of the tree. Electrical, lifting, slipping, and equipment hazards  Checking all electrical cords, cables and hand power tools for frayed and exposed cords and following manufacture recommendations for maximum permitted operational voltage.  Protecting power cords and extensions from physical damages like getting wet from rain.  Train all workers on proper safe lifting technique (namely for lifting concrete elements). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-37 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance Health and of Impacts of Impacts Safety Activities Impact before Mitigation Measures after Responsibility Hazards mitigation mitigation measures measures  Assess thoroughly the work area in order to identify areas at high risk for slip, trip, and fall injuries and control it; conduct regular inspections on general cleanliness, spill response, and the effectiveness of cleanings;  Turning off or disconnecting machinery with exposed moving parts. Working with precast concrete – specific hazards (OSHA standards)  The lifting hardware must be capable of supporting at least 5 times the maximum intended load  No employee shall be permitted under precast concrete elements being lifted  Use of tag lines to eliminate potentially hazardous situation Exposure to vibration  Installation of vibration dampening pads or devices.  Limiting the duration of exposure. Exposure levels should be checked on the basis of daily exposure time and data provided by equipment manufacturers. Excavation hazards (IFC OHS guidelines):  Controlling site-specific features which may contribute to excavation slope instability (e.g., use of excavation dewatering, side-walls support, and slope gradient adjustments that minimize the risk of collapse and entrapment).  Providing safe means of access and egress from excavations, such as graded slopes, or ladders. Vehicle driving and site traffic hazards (IFC OHS guidelines):  Training and licensing vehicle operators in the safe operation of specific vehicles  Ensuring drivers undergo medical surveillance (regular request of medical checkup reports including drug test for truck and heavy machinery drivers).  Establishing rights-of-way, site speed limits, vehicle inspection requirements, operating rules and procedures, and control of traffic patterns.  Implementation of traffic control procedures (e.g., application of traffic control devices and assigned traffic control people).  Traffic control procedures must be communicated to workers prior to starting work and used for toolbox safety meetings. Environmental Hazards  Care should be taken when cleaning culverts because snakes can be present.  Workers when undertaking routine maintenance activities (e.g., clearing and grubbing) can be exposed to bite and stings. Culvert-specific hazards  Permit-required confined space entry procedures (as specified in OSHA CFR 1910.146) should be followed for culverts. These procedures include: o Workers shall be trained in confined space entry procedures. o Entry hazards shall be evaluated and workers shall be informed of these hazards. o Before and during culvert entry, the atmosphere should be tested for oxygen content and flammable gases. o At least one assistant should be available outside the permit space into which entry is approved for the duration of entry operations. o Forced ventilation should be supplied if needed. Chemical hazard  All workers should be responsible for understanding the MSDS for any chemical that they may be exposed at the construction site (toxic, corrosive, sensitizing or oxidative substances).  All workers should handle hazardous materials properly, clean up any spills that occur.  All workers must wear proper PPE at all times. Hazard associated with working with Asphalt  The application temperature of heated asphalt must be kept as low as possible. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-38 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance Health and of Impacts of Impacts Safety Activities Impact before Mitigation Measures after Responsibility Hazards mitigation mitigation measures measures  Worker exposure to asphalt fumes and asphalt-based paint aerosols must be minimized.  Recommended PPE when working with asphalt are respiratory protection/ chemical goggles, loose clothing with closed collars and buttoned cuffs, thermally insulated gloves with gauntlets that extend up the arm, safety shoes at least 150 mm high and laced.  Long handled sprayers with flexible hoses should be used when emulsified asphalts are applied by hand for tack coats. Hazardous materials plan  The containers of hazardous substances shall be placed in a leak-proof container to prevent spillage and leaking (e.g., banded-container). Secondary containment system must be free of cracks and able to contain the spill.  Any leaking containers must be removed immediately from the site and appropriate remediation measures must be undertaken on resulting contaminated areas.  Chemicals should be managed, used and disposed, and precautionary measures taken as required MSDS.  Workers who may be in contact with such products must be trained on their handling and toxicity.  Hazardous material containers must be kept in designated storage areas. Biological Hazards Covid-19 measures  Specific posters, signs and kits in relation to Covid-19 must be available at offices and working zones.  All workers should keep proper spacing of at least 1.5 m.  All workers should wash their hands often and clean them with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains 60 to 95% alcohol  All workers should wear a facemask at all times.  All workers should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when they cough or sneeze.  All workers should avoid sharing personal items. PPE  Selection of PPE should be based on the hazard and risk ranking.  Correct use of PPE should be part of the OHS training program for employees.  Ensure that workers wear PPEs all the time during working hours.  Specific PPE should be used when handling corrosive or poisonous substances and working with asphalt (NIOSH, 2003) including thermally-insulated gloves to keep asphalt from burning or irritating the skin; steel-toed safety shoes; a face shield with the safety glasses.  Ensure proper maintenance of PPE, including replacement when damaged. Community  Signs, barriers and traffic diversions signs (vertical signalization and signs at the beginning of work zone) should be placed prior the working zone to inform the public that routine maintenance activities are taking place.  Protection screens should be mounted on the concrete barriers delineating the work zone boundaries to avoid the drivers’ distraction with the routine maintenance activities, to reduce the dust and noise resulting from these Traffic activities and prevent anyone from entering the work site. Safety:  All activities  Advanced warning and regulatory signs should be installed prior and along the work zone. The signs should be Community  Increase in movement of heavy placed at decision-making points on routes approaching the construction site and detour to inform motorists about that will affect and Workers vehicles for the transport of alternate routes to avoid the constructions works. traffic (in construction materials and Project movement High  Advisory speed limit signs should be placed in advance or the reduced speed zone to inform the drivers about any Low accordance equipment may increase the risk of Contractor with  Transportation driving speed changes. traffic-related accidents and injuries of raw  Installation of signs to ensure access to nearby facilities. CDR/WB to workers and local communities. guidelines on materials  Pedestrian safety must be ensured namely children if the school is in the vicinity. TMP)  Traffic should be allowed only in the lane not being sealed. Car must go in a direction opposite of the seal coat operation. This prevents cars being turned on freshly placed seal coat. Some emulsions may require up to 24 hours of traffic control or until the first sweeping occurs.  Temporary traffic control schemes must be removed after completion of the construction activities that can mislead the drivers. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-39 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance Health and of Impacts of Impacts Safety Activities Impact before Mitigation Measures after Responsibility Hazards mitigation mitigation measures measures Workers  Regular traffic safety training sessions must be delivered to workers.  Safe movement and working environment for workers must be provided (e.g. temporary traffic barriers should delimitate the work zones to protect the workers from any errant vehicle). The concrete barriers should be flared to the clear zone outer edge to avoid any vehicle head-on collision with the upstream barrier.  Entrance and exit gates should be provided to allow the access of workers, trucks and other construction equipment.  All routine  The traffic management plan shall be implemented, as first stage before starting works. maintenance  During the execution of maintenance works including the repair of joints, the traffic shall be diverted to the activities on edge lanes or to service lanes in a safe manner, ensuring the continuity of traffic circulation with an acceptable Road users highway  Routine Maintenance on highway flow Project and Nearby High Low  Repair of and the repair of expansion joints o If joints will be repaired during daytime, the implementation of traffic management plan will divert Contractor communities existing the traffic to the edge lanes or to a service lane since traffic flow is low. expansion o If joints will be repaired during night time, although traffic volume is low at night, the TMP will include joints measures to alert road users of any detours or diversions in a clear visible manner. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-40 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 6 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plans Monitoring aims to ensure that all project activities undertaken are environmentally and socially sound, while considering the mitigation measures provided in this ESMP. It does so by defining a clear set of measurable indicators in an attempt to properly evaluate the project’s performance and compliance with WB safeguards. These indicators can then be used to assist in the early detection of non-compliances. This allows the involved parties to take corrective measures and limit any unsatisfactory performance if such a case arises. It also allows them to accurately communicate the performance and compliance of the project with REP proponents. 6.1 Institutional Setup During the routine maintenance work, the Contractor would be the primary actor; ensuring compliance of works with the different items specified in the management plans. Accordingly, the Contractor will be supervised by several entities appointed by CDR (executor of REP on behalf of MoWPT) through weekly and/or monthly reports (sent by the Contractor) and site visits, ensuring and enforcing mitigation measures. In order to achieve proper management and monitoring, a clear, functional institutional structure was defined (refer to figure below). The project will be monitored by CDR Project Implementation Unit (PIU) dedicated to REP, which includes social, environmental and H&S specialists through the assigned Supervising Consultant who will directly oversee the Contractor and report to the PIU. PIU will be responsible for providing the overall plan direction and validation of management plans and monitoring of compliance and progress reporting to the WB. The responsibility of implementation and management of environmental and social safeguards by the PIU will be coupled with the assignment of Supervising Consultant who will be in charge of ensuring sound application of the ESMP. Accordingly, in practice, the Supervising Consultant will have to appoint qualified experts to directly supervise and guide the Contractor team and ensure project compliance. Finally, the main concerned municipalities will be involved in managing and communicating citizen’s potential complaints to the CDR (PIU). Figure 6-1 Institutional setup Government of Lebanon Ministry of Public Works & Transport Council of Development World Bank & Reconstruction Road & Transport Department Project Implementation Unit Supervising Consultant Contractor GRM Local Community TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-41 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 6.2 Capacity Building In order to ensure safeguard procedures, instruments and monitoring needs of REP are well understood by the Contractor staff, CDR (i.e. Supervising Consultant) will ensure that skilled and unskilled workers receive trainings covering environmental; social (including SEA, CAE, GBV, GRM, CoC), and OHS/First aid issues/requirements before initiation of works. These trainings aim to familiarize the Contractor’s staff on REP safeguards management and monitoring requirements as specified in this ESMP. Further, refreshers and specialized training sessions must be conducted at all times during the implementation of the project. In practice, before commencement of work, the Contractor must develop a tailored training / capacity-building plan on Environmental, Social and OHS issues that aligns with the planned specific maintenance works and road location. Accordingly, the plan, agenda and training materials need to be submitted to the Supervisor Engineer for review and approval. 6.3 Monitoring Plans Implementation Contractors’ experts and officers and the Supervising Consultant’s safeguard expert will monitor the developed key indicators to ensure the implementation of this ESMP. Compliance monitoring involves visual observation/inspection, interviews with employees and external stakeholders, measurements and inspection of equipment, document review, and assessment of activities and parameters (Table 6-1). This will allow detecting, reporting, and correcting the non-compliances. More specifically, the Supervisor Consultant must ensure that (1) Contractor staff are receiving safeguard trainings and signing CoC, (2) Contractor is filling out (a) workers’ registration and muster roll sheets; (b) complaints, and (c) environmental & OHS forms (e.g., incident forms, waste log, traffic inspection checklists, training records, equipment inspection checklists etc.) which shall be reported in the monthly progress report (3) Contractor is not hiring underage labors (age verification mechanism-regular inspection of workers IDs). The Supervising Consultant must also inform CDR/WB on any severe accident on-site. Finally, ministries (e.g., MoE, MoA, MoC/DGA etc.) would also be expected to follow up, if deemed necessary, on the proper implementation and abidance by the relevant laws and regulations. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-42 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table 6-1 Environmental, Social, and H&S Monitoring Plans Standard/Guidelines Monitoring Institutional Approximate Cost Impact Parameters to Monitor Frequency Monitoring Location Monitoring Method National/International Responsibility Follow-up (USD/year) Environmental Monitoring Plan Decision 16/1 dated 2022  Single point sampling (at one Particulate Matter (PM<10) 50 Air PM2.5-10, SOx, NOx, O3, Measurement (upon  Construction vehicles quarter the diameter across the mg/Nm3 Supervising Emissions/GHG/ CO,Total Suspended complains exhaust stack/source) CDR (PIU) (1,500 per test) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 10 mg/Nm3 Consultant Dust Particles (TSP) Visual (weekly)  Working sites for dust  Visual opacity Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 2,000  Smoke inspection mg/Nm3 Continuous during the  At the working site, execution of noisy especially near loud Decision 52/1 dated 1996 and Noise Levels (Lmin, Lmax, operation machinery and  One sample per location (near Supervising Included in Routine Noise international standards when more CDR (PIU) and Leq) (measurements to be excavation sites sensitive receptors) Consultant maintenance Cost stringent (refer to section 2.3) conducted upon  Near sensitive complains) receptors  Polyethylene storage tank (in case porta  Visual inspection ensuring no Lebanese and International Supervising Included in Routine WW Generation Domestic-like wastewater Monthly cabin toilet is not CDR (PIU) leaks from tank standards (refer to section 2.3) Consultant maintenance Cost linked to WW network)  Around the Routine Number of spills/leaks (of Continuously-during maintenance site, Supervising Included in Routine Accidental Releases lubricants, oil, fuel, or other the execution of especially near  Visual inspection N.A. CDR (PIU) Consultant maintenance Cost chemicals) maintenance activities equipment, material, and storage tanks  Solid Waste Solid Waste storage, Collection and transport of Continuously-during Collection Point  Visual inspection Supervising Included in Routine transport, and the generated waste to the the execution of N.A. CDR (PIU)  Storage areas  Review of solid waste log Consultant maintenance Cost disposal designated site. maintenance activities  Transport trucks Biodiversity Monitoring  Riparian habitats near When maintenance water channels and Biological Ecological audit for activities will occur streams  Samples and photos per Supervising Included in Routine N.A. CDR (PIU) Resources particular biotopes near critical natural  Forests and rocky location and GPS point Consultant maintenance Cost habitats habitats adjacent to the roads Social Monitoring Plan  Signed CoC  CoC signed by new  Number of workers trained Before commencement workers of works or every time  Training attendance sheet Supervising Included in Routine  Delivery of induction  At site office N.A. CDR (PIU) a new worker is  Interview with workers Consultant maintenance Cost SEA/SH training (including GBV) recruited  Review of received GBV- related grievance  GBV-related internal Upon grievance  At routine  Received complaints and Supervising Included in Routine N.A. CDR (PIU) grievances occurrence maintenance site GRM records Consultant maintenance Cost  Number of related Social Tensions and grievances Continuously-during  Received complaints and  At routine Supervising Conflicts over Job-  Percentage of workers the execution of records N.A. CDR (PIU) - maintenance site Consultant Sharing (based on gender, maintenance activities  Check workers ‘sheets nationality)  Type, location, and Before and during the Obstructing Access duration of amenity to  At routine  Visual inspection Supervising Included in Routine execution of N.A. CDR (PIU) to Amenities which access was maintenance activities maintenance site  Complaint records Consultant maintenance Cost obstructed  Labor’s wages and  Review workers’ complaints Supervising Working conditions Monthly  Laborers’ contracts Lebanese Labor Law dated 1946 CDR (PIU) - working hours records Consultant TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-43 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Standard/Guidelines Monitoring Institutional Approximate Cost Impact Parameters to Monitor Frequency Monitoring Location Monitoring Method National/International Responsibility Follow-up (USD/year)  GRM in place  Interview with workers  Grievances recorded  Labor law verification Continuously-during  Labor registry  At routine Supervising Child labor  Labor’s age the execution of  Government-issued IDs and Lebanese Labor Law dated 1946 CDR (PIU) - maintenance site Consultant maintenance activities Badges (age verification) Underemployment  Percentage of female Supervising Monthly  At site office  Labor registry N.A. CDR (PIU) - of Women employees in workforce Consultant  Internal and external Upon grievance  At each routine Supervising Included in Routine Other Grievances  Complaints records N.A. CDR (PIU) grievance reports occurrence maintenance site Consultant maintenance Cost Safety monitoring Plan  Regular OHS- training- OHS – verifying Continuously-during  Attendance sheet training logs (covering  At routine Supervising Included in Routine the execution of  Employee records N.A. CDR (PIU) all OHS matters) maintenance site Consultant maintenance Cost maintenance activities  OHS incident form  Total number of work injuries  Recorded incidents including near misses  Availability of safety barriers along the concerned road segment  Availability of OHS procedures onsite (JHA,  Review of OHS records work permits...etc.) (inspection reports, follow-up OHS  Presence of qualified WBG OHS guidelines for reports, incidents, and training OHS officer and construction sites records) CDR OHS guidelines foremen onsite Continuously-during  At routine  Review of covid-19 checklist OHS national laws/decree Supervising Included in Routine  Ensure use of PPE the execution of maintenance site (reported cases) CDR (PIU) Lebanese Traffic Law 243 dated Consultant maintenance Cost  Availability of fire maintenance activities office  Inspection of driving license, 2012 (licenses requirements) extinguishers onsite drivers’ medical checkup MoPH guidelines/measures in  Good housekeeping reports, and drug tests relation covid-19 onsite  Review of traffic inspection  OHS-related internal checklists grievances recorded  Covid-19 precaution measures in place  Traffic violations and accidents recorded (number of accidents)  Safe traffic flow on roads under maintenance in accordance with TMP  Availability of adequate safety and warning signs and restricted Continuously-during  At routine Supervising Included in Routine Traffic Hazards access measures the execution of  Visual inspection N.A. CDR (PIU0 maintenance site Consultant maintenance Cost  Availability of Flagmen maintenance activities  Availability of appropriate safety barriers  Availability of TMP onsite, where (fully implemented) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-44 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Standard/Guidelines Monitoring Institutional Approximate Cost Impact Parameters to Monitor Frequency Monitoring Location Monitoring Method National/International Responsibility Follow-up (USD/year)  Availability of qualified Traffic Safety officer onsite,  Availability of logs and records of traffic incidents...etc. Other Impacts – Monitoring  Type, size, and number Continuously-during Damage to existing  At routine Supervising of damaged the execution of  Visual inspection N.A. CDR (PIU) - infrastructure maintenance site Consultant infrastructure entities maintenance activities  Possible archaeological features found during the works  ID and photographic records of Risk on cultural  At routine Supervising  Adequate Upon discovery all archaeological features Lebanese Antiquity Law No. 166 DGA - resources maintenance site Consultant implementation of the found during the works archeological chance find procedure. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-45 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 6.4 Documentation and Reporting Monitoring yields lots of data regarding project performance. As a result, proper documentation is necessary for two reasons: first to prepare and send performance reports to the concerned parties and second to analyze the acquired data and implement changes when necessary. In this context, monitoring reports will take place as described below.  Contractor’s experts submit compliance reports to the Supervising Consultant on a monthly basis including completed workers’ sheets, GRM log, and environmental and OHS forms - these forms should encompass a wide range of information, including but not limited to: Environmental, Social, and OHS indicators that have been monitored since the last monitoring visit; details about the condition of the workstations; Information about the prevailing weather conditions during the reporting period; Photographic documentation to visually support and illustrate the reported information. This is to provide a comprehensive view of the project's compliance with environmental, social, and OHS standards, as well as the conditions at the work site.  The Supervision Consultant experts review and approve contractor reports and submit them to PIU on a monthly basis.  PIU submits environmental/social progress as part of their quarterly project progress reports to the WB on a quarterly basis. All incidents must be recorded and reports in the regular monthly progress reports. In case of severe incidents (e.g. fatality on site) immediate reporting within 24 hours to CDR and within 48 hours to the WB must be done. 7 Consultation, Disclosure and GRM 7.1 Public Consultation The public participation meeting was held at Jounieh municipality building on Friday July 28. Invitations were sent by the consultant on behalf of CDR to concerned municipalities and NGOs through official letters. A sample of the invitation letter is attached in Annex 8. Invitations were sent to the concerned parties at least one week in advance from the meeting date. The number of attendees was 17 of which 6 were women. Invited local NGOs include Yasa, Amel Association, Fifty-fifty, Women in front, Auberge Beity Association, and Frontier s rights. As for international NGOs, ACTED, ANERA, and DRC were invited. Out of the invited local NGOs, only YASA attended the meeting. Details in relation to invited NGOs are presented in Annex 8. During the meeting, attendees were informed about the project objectives, the identified natural, economic, and social resources of importance in the area, the project’s possible environmental and social risks and the planned mitigation measures. Further, the project GRM was introduced. The primary focus was on discussing the road selection process for routine maintenance, including the possibility of incorporating non-primary roads into the scope of work. Attendees emphasized the urgent need for maintenance activities on secondary roads, particularly in small TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-46 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners municipalities, and sought assistance in this regard. Given the constraints of limited funds for maintenance, the Consultant clarified that international and primary roads would receive higher priority. The MoWT will collaborate with CDR to select the roads to be maintained: MoWT provides a list of candidate roads to CDR, who will then assess their eligibility for routine maintenance activities (i.e. the Consultant Engineer will undertake the assessment). In response to this, municipalities expressed their intention to submit request letters for the assessment of specific roads to both the Consultant and the MoPWT. As part of the public participation meeting, some municipality representatives shared letters relating to their requests. Annex 8 of the ESMP contains samples of received letters requesting the inclusion of specific roads within the project's scope (letters from Ghabala and Moaisra municipalities). These requests will be examined the Consultant Engineer, as explained to attendees. The head of Kfour municipality provided positive feedback about the execution of the project in Kfour (REP phase 1 - rehabilitation works). The local community is highly satisfied, and he reassured that no disturbances were noticed during the entire duration of the project. The coordination with the municipality remained continuous throughout the project, and a TMP was successfully implemented to ensure the safety of passengers and users of the affected road. The YASA director emphasized the significance of private initiatives in supporting road routine maintenance, aligning with the continuity of REP objectives. He informed the municipalities about YASA's collaboration with local citizens on private road safety projects, which involve improving specific spots to enhance the safety of road users. According to him, these initiatives and approach serve as a solution for roads that will not be included in the REP. Finally, the Consultant explained that all relevant municipalities will be informed upfront before the commencement of works about the Project. In addition, a public notice will be posted at each relevant municipality including the GRM procedure. This will disseminate the Project and ensure that its activities are implemented in a transparent manner. 7.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) A multi-channeled GRM was established for REP project in Kesrouane Caza to register and address grievances and complaints from all project stakeholders. Anonymous grievances will be addressed in both GRMs for communities and workers. The maximum anticipated time needed to close a GRM case is 45 days. 7.2.1 GRM for Surrounding Communities The REP GRM has been established and is already accessible to communities to send their concerns and complaints. Citizens will be informed about the GRM mechanism before commencement of work through municipalities (i.e. through public announcement letters that will posted at the public board of concerned municipalities including the number of Contractor’s site engineer to be contacted and also through project sign boards). REP GRM levels are as follows and the schematic illustration is shown in Annex 5:  Level 1: If any person has any complaint or concern regarding the project implementation, he/she can lodge an oral or written grievance to the site Manager. In case an oral complaint is made, it should be written by the Contractor Social expert. The issue must be resolved within a maximum duration of one week. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-47 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners • Level 2: If the person is not satisfied with the action of the Contractor, he/ she can send the complaint to the PIU social specialist through Phone: 01980096 ext:317, Email: GRM.REP@cdr.gov.lb or official letter registered at the CDR. The issue shall be resolved within a maximum of two weeks. • Level 3: If the person is not satisfied with the decision of the social specialist of PIU, he or she can bring the complaint to the attention of the PIU Director’s Office. Once the PIU Director receives the complaint, it needs to be resolved within a maximum of two weeks. Citizen can also register an official letter at the CDR (Address: Tallet al Serail - Riad el Solh, Beirut – Lebanon). All complaints will be individually followed up on and documented accordingly in a GRM log. The designated person at each level should report to the PIU on the number and subject of new complaints received, and the status of the already existing complaints, if any (i.e. the Contractor social expert will report to the Supervising Consultant expert who will report monthly to the PIU (CDR) who will, in turn, submit the consultants’ monthly reports to the WB).The Complaints Register form or GRM log (refer to Annex 6) includes details/ nature of the complaint, the complainant’s name and their contact details, date, corrective actions taken in response to the complaint. Finally, an online form has been designed using the IMPACT platform to allow citizens to share their feedback (https://cdr.impact.gov.lb/worldbankmobile/home/main?lang=en). The link was shared with concerned municipalities and NGOs during the public participation meeting. It was also clarified that for each worksite in Kesrouane a link to the form will be shared with the local communities via location-based SMS, email and social media. At each worksite, a QR code will also be added on the project sign board (which already includes the project GRM) to automatically direct participants to the online form. 7.2.2 GRM for Workers Similar to the GRM for surrounding communities, a GRM for internal employees, namely the labors onsite are also necessary. It aims to allow labors to report any wrongdoings in their favor or important concerns they might have. Workers must be informed about this GRM before commencement of works through induction training (refer to section 6.2). This internal GRM is similar in nature to the one previously discussed (in terms of accessibility, reporting means, etc…). The only main difference is the contact people for each level. In this context, the first level involves reporting to the health and safety officer and E&S expert and has a duration of one week. The second level involves reporting to the PIU Director and should be resolved within one weeks. It also follows the Complaints Register form (refer to Annex 5). 8 Conclusion Assessments showed that the project risks are localized, moderate, and can be mitigated if the Contractor succeeded to implement this ESMP, which documents the project’s risks management strategy. In order to achieve that, CDR (i.e. the Supervising Consultant) plays a major role in assisting and supervising him during project implementation. Most importantly, this ESMP guides the Contractor on critical road segments that need special care if they are to be maintained. Noting that local communities were engaged and their TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-48 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners concerns were integrated in the management strategy. However, engaging stakeholders is a continuous process that needs to be effectively adopted by the Contractor. Finally, if the Contractor succeeded in complying with standards and in ensuring a safe operation of activities, the project is expected to enhance the safety conditions of the concerned roads and most importantly create short-term employment opportunities to local residents and Syrian refugees. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-49 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 9 References Bourne, L. (2016). Targeted communication: The key to effective stakeholder engagement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 226, 431-438. CAS (2020) Labour Force and Houshold Living Condition Survey 2018-2019 – Kesrouane Caza Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR). (2007). Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations. Beirut, Lebanon. Huang, Y., Bird, R., & Bell, M. (2009). A comparative study of the emissions by road maintenance works and the disrupted traffic using life cycle assessment and micro- simulation. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 14(3), 197- 204. International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2007). Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines GENERAL EHS GUIDELINES: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY. International Labour Office (ILO). (1999). Safety, health and welfare on construction sites: A training manual. Geneva: ILO. Morris, S. (2007), Towards reform of the land acquisition framework in India. Indian Institute of Management: Working Paper no. 2007–05–04 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2003). Asphalt Fume Exposures During the Application of Hot Asphalt to Roofs: Current Practices for Reducing Exposures. Norseth T, Waage J, and Dale I. (1991). Acute Effects and Exposure to Organic Compounds in Road Maintenance Workers Exposed to Asphalt. Am J Ind Med. Schwab, K. (2017). The Global Competitiveness Report 2017 World Economic Forum. Tohmé G, Tohmé H. (2014). Illustrated Flora of Lebanon, CNRS publications UNHCR. (2022). “Lebanon Fact Sheet 2022” VASyr (2019). Vulnerability assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon. World Bank (2018). Good Practice Note Addressing Gender Based Violence in Investment Project Financing involving Major Civil Works TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-50 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 10 Annex 1: Figures and Tables Related to Chapters 2 and Chapter 3 Table A National Applicable Legal Framework Relevant Sector Legislation Date Brief Description Relevance to The Project Decision 52/1 was referenced in the study to specify the Environment quality standards and criteria for air, water National Standards for Environmental Quality and the MoE Decision 29/06/1996 and soil pollution. Revised standards for water, air and soil Environmental Limit Values for Air and Water. 52/1 pollution (partly updated in Decision 8/1 dated 30/1/2001). The described decision (Annex 12 in decision 52/1) was used for monitoring air emissions. When primary roads are close to Nahr Ibrahim, special Decision No. 34 1997 Nahr Ibrahim protected by MoE under this decision attention is needed When primary roads are close to Nahr el Kaleb, special Decision No.97 1998 Nahr el Kaleb protected by MoE under this decision attention is needed Amendment to part of MoE Decision 52/1 dated 29/6/1996. This decision will be used to monitor air and water Decision 8/1 30/01/2001 National Standards for Environmental Quality (NSEQ) that quality during implementation of project activities. covered air and liquid emissions for all sectors. Environment Protection Law: Fundamental principles and public rules (7 parts, 68 articles), Organization of Environment environmental protection, Environmental information It is essential for the proposed project as the protection of Law 444 29/07/2002 system and participation in the management and protection the environment is a must throughout all of the steps of of the environment, Environmental Impact Assessment, the project. Protection of environmental media, Responsibilities and fines. Other regulations (miscellaneous, institutional). Penalizes unauthorized discharges or disposal of any kind Law 77 13/04/2018 Water Resources Law of waste in water resources The requirements of the law shall be adhered to for the Law 78 13/04/2018 Law for the protection of air quality management of air emissions from the project Solid waste generated during the project should be Integrated Solid Waste Management which sets integrated managed in accordance with Law 80, which includes Law 80 10/10/2018 solid waste management principles and provides guidelines limiting quantities generated, when possible, as well as for the management of waste. properly disposing of any generated waste. Decree 5605 focuses on the importance of source sorting, The generated domestic solid waste are to be properly Decree 5605 11/09/2019 reducing and reusing, the sorting method according sorted as per decree 5605 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-51 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners depending on the type in order to protect the environment and reduce the damages. Exhaust emissions from mobile onsite generators and Updated ELVs for air quality stated in Decision 8/1 and Decision 16/1 2022 heavy machinery should abide by the standards set in this stated additional parameters for various industries. decision Precautionary measures should be taken to limit any Protection against hazardous wastes that could harm air, Law 64 12/8/1988 potential damage from generated hazardous wastes (if Health and water, biodiversity, soil, and people. any) safety The occupation health and safety conditions during Decree 11802 30/01/2004 Occupational health and safety decree maintenance works should comply with this decree. Labor Law that sets basic labor rights in Lebanon including It protects employees from any sort of violations dictated Labor Law 23/09/1946 minimum working age, working and resting hours etc.… in this law. This law is the ratification of ILO convention No. 182: The agreement required the ratifying country to take immediate Does not allow the employment of children and protects and effective measures to prohibit the worst forms of labor Law 335 2/8/2001 them from engaging in any work activities that could and eliminate it and specify the types of work that harm the harm their health and safety. health, safety or ethical behavior of children and their location. Labor Laws This law is the ratification of ILO convention No. 138: This agreement aims to develop a general instrument on the Minimum age of employment on tasks and works that Law 400 5/6/2002 subject of minimum age for employment to gradually pose risks or hazards to health and safety replace the instruments applied in specific economic sectors, aiming to completely eliminate child labor Prohibition of employment of minors under the age of 18 in Adhere to the requirements of this decree with regards to Decree 8987 29/09/2012 work that may harm their health, safety or morals employment for this project. Adhere to the requirements of this decree with regards to Decree 3791 30/06/2016 Sets minimum wage for employees and workers wages of employees on this project. Aims at the elimination of any kind of traffic violations such All transportation vehicles utilized during project as: exceeding the speed limit, driving without a license or Traffic Law 243 22/10/2012 implementation should abide by the general rules driving under any substance alternating the normal mental specified in Law 243. and physical state. Decree law 166 7/11/1933 Antiquity law (166/LR) regulates antiquities and Directorate Defines chance find procedures that should be followed General General of Antiquities (DGA) has the authority to halt any in case antiquities were identified in the project site development that is damaging archeological deposits. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-52 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners The text of Article 522 of the Lebanese Penal Code, applies to cases of assault of women, by force, violence, and This law was mentioned as the project may hold risks on Decree 340 01/03/1943 manipulations which are acts that affect a woman's dignity, women during maintenance work. physical health, psychological state, and moral integrity. Law 118 30/06/1977 Municipalities Law. It stipulates the role of the Defines the roles of municipalities in the provision of Municipalities and Municipalities councils. environmental services such as solid waste management, wastewater management, etc. Despite that no expropriation activities will be done; this Law 58 29/05/1991 Law of properties and expropriation law is added because OP 4.12 was triggered by the project. This law was mentioned as the project may hold risks on Abolishment of article 522 of the penal code that exempts a Law 53 14/09/2017 women during maintenance works (influx of workers rapist from punishments if he marries a victim (men) to the concerned area). This law should be followed throughout the Law 28 16/02/2017 Right to access information. implementation of the project. This decree should be followed throughout the Decree 6940 24/09/2020 Determining the minutes of application of Law No. 28 date. implementation of the project. This law should be implemented, in case of sexual Law 205 30/12/2020 Criminalizing sexual harassment and habilitating its victims. harassment. Lebanon’s legislative body is represented by the Lebanese Parliament that approves and issues Laws. Lebanon’s executive body is represented by the Council of Ministers (COM) and is headed by the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. The COM enacts regulations in the form of Decisions (denoted COM Decision Number) and Decrees. Decisions are issued by a specific minister and are limited to the affairs of the ministry that promulgated it. Ministerial Decisions are subject specific TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-53 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table B Institutional framework Institution Roles and Responsibilities MoPWT is responsible for the management of public roads, and for developing a sustainable strategy for the transportation sector within the urban and rural areas. o MoPWT will work closely with CDR during project MoPWT implementation to ensure that important decisions on road (selection priorities, road designs, equipment specifications, and road asset management) are well coordinated. CDR is a public institution established through Decree No. 5 dated 31st January 1977. CDR’s main responsibilities is to: o Coordinate with relevant government agencies and with the relevant government agencies, particularly MoPWT, regarding CDR roads priorities, technical aspects, and project’s requirements. o Monitor the project. In particular, every six months CDR must submit to the Bank project progress reports summarizing all project aspects and progress achieved in project implementation. o Municipalities in Kesrouane Caza are responsible for their municipal area. According to Decree 118/1977, municipalities Municipalities are responsible for supervising projects’ implementation in their municipal territories. In this context they were consulted for this project. Ministry of o MoE is responsible for planning and monitoring of Environment environmental issues. (MoE) o MoE is in charge of protecting the environment in general, setting regulations and standards, and advising on implementing projects and programs in a sustainable manner. Accordingly, this ESMP must comply with the Lebanese environmental standards and regulations issued by MoE. Ministry of o MoA is responsible for monitoring all activities related to Agriculture forestry and agriculture. It regulates the introduction of new (MoA) species in agriculture and livestock, protects, supervises and manages natural resources and provide technical assistance whenever necessary. o The REP will not involve the construction of new roads or widening of existing ones (i.e., no tree cutting will occur). However, in the context of maintenance works, if the contractor had to cut native trees for traffic safety issues, the MoA must be consulted. Tree cutting permits are provided by MoA. Ministry of o Monitoring the quality and determination of surface and Energy and groundwater. Water (MoEW) o Design, study, and implement major water infrastructure installations. o Protecting water resources from waste and pollution by taking the necessary measures to prevent pollution. Traffic o Ensuring public safety Department at o Maintaining regular traffic control TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-54 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners the Internal Security Forces o MoL is responsible for all labour and employment issues. Labour inspection is the responsibility of the Department of Labour Inspection, Prevention and Safety (DLIPS) under the Labour Relations Authority of the MoL. o DLIPS supervises the implementation of all laws, regulations, decrees and rules pertaining to the terms and conditions of Ministry of employment, and the protection of workers in the workplace, Labour (MoL) including the provisions of international labour Conventions ratified. Labour inspectors ensure the supervision of compliance with regulations regarding conditions of employment and protection of workers including occupational safety and health. The works contracts must comply with the national law on labour and the ILO obligations, which have been ratified by Lebanon International Treaties and Conventions in relation to REP. Date Convention/Agreement Status Relevance to Project Covered This project must control activities that release green-house by Law gases such as emissions from machineries used (most of United Nations No. 359 which rely on fuel). 1992 Framework Convention dated 11th on Climate Change. August 1994. Covered This project should abide by this convention to avoid or by Law control activities that may pose a threat on biodiversity at all Rio de Janeiro No. 360 levels, since improvement of roads sometimes leads, directly 1992 Convention on dated 11th or indirectly, to the loss and degradation of natural habitats Biological Diversity. August and biodiversity. 1994. Table C Labor Conventions ILO Entry into Ratification Relevance to Project Name Description Convention force Date Its object and purpose are to suppress the use of This project should forced labor in all its abide by this Convention forms irrespective of convention to protect Concerning the nature of the employees from being ILO no. 29 Forced or 01/05/1932 25/06/1977 work or the sector of forced into any type Compulsory activity in which it of work activity that Labor may be performed. they do not want to With some engage in. exceptions such as military service. Aims at the This project should elimination of forced comply with the labor and cancels guidelines of this Abolition of ILO no. certain forms of convention in order to Forced Labor 17/01/1959 25/06/1977 105 forced labor still protect employees Convention allowed under from being forced the Forced Labor into any type of work Convention of 1930 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-55 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners activity without their will. This project should Enable legislation abide by this which prohibits all convention to ensure discrimination and Discrimination a healthy environment exclusion on any (Employment between the ILO no. basis including of and 15/06/1960 25/06/1977 employees and 111 race/color, sex, Occupation) between the employer religion, political Convention and employees in the opinion, national or work place by social origin in enforcing equality and employment. respect between them. Aim at ensuring that This project should there is freedom of comply with the choice of guidelines of this employment and the convention to ensure fullest possible that employees are opportunity for each given the right worker to qualify for, opportunities, based Employment and to use his skills on their ILO no. Policy 09/07/1965 25/06/1977 and endowments in, qualifications, 122 Convention a job for which he is irrespective of their well suited, origin, affiliations. irrespective of race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin. It stipulates that States should progressively raise the minimum age to a This project should level consistent with Minimum Age abide by this the fullest physical Convention convention in order to and mental ILO no. for Admission abolish the 19/06/1976 25/06/1977 development of 138 to employment of young people. It Employment children below the establishes 15 as the and Work specified minimum minimum age for age. work in general and 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-56 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table D Raw material and items needed for routine maintenance work Item Description Unit B Incidental Repair Works B1 Clearing and Grubbing m² B2 Repair and adjustment of manholes (replace damaged ones) Nr B3 Cleaning of waterways hydraulic structures, drainage pipes and box culverts m³ B4 Galvanized Steel Guardrail lm B5 Repairing Mortared Masonry wall m² C Pavement Repair Works C1 Shallow Patching works m² C2 Deep Patching works m² C3 Crack sealing lm C4 Trench Shallow Patching lm C5 Trench Deep Patching lm D Concrete Repair Works Cast-in-situ Reinforced concrete, Class 250/20 (B25) for repair of box culverts, D1 m3 headwalls and wing walls, concrete channels and retaining walls (all types and shapes) Plain concrete for patching for deteriorated concrete in culverts, channels, walls and D2 m² safety barriers D3 Cast-in-situ Reinforced concrete, Class 250/20 (B25) for channel's cover lm E Traffic Control Devices and Safety Barriers E1 Road Paint Lines width m2 E2 Special Road Marking m2 E3 Cats eye Nr E4 Bituminous speed humps m2 E5 Rumble strips lm E6 Delineators J4 Nr E7 Small Signs m3 E8 Concrete Single Face New Jersey Barrier free standing. Concrete class 360/20 lm TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-57 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 11 Annex 2: Figures and Tables Related to Chapter 4 Figure A Topography map for Kesrouane Caza TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-58 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table E Summary of main geological outcrops exposed along Kesrouane primary roads Geology Name Description Chouf Sandstone Varicolored, cross bedded Sandstone with inter-beds of shale; contains heavy (Grés de Base), minerals; color depends upon percentage of hematite and presence of volcanic C1 Neocomian- giving purplish color; Sand is sometimes white; contains coal seams and traces Barremian of brittle amber. This formation can reach 300 meter in thickness. Clastic: mixture of clay, sand and calcareous material in varying proportions C2a1: Abey forming clay, sandy clay, marl, marly limestone etc. The calcareous material Formation, Lower may be slightly to moderately indurated. Where marl prevails, its fresh color Aptian is bluish, weathering to creamish brown. This formation can reach 125 meter in thickness. C2a Karstic, massive marine depositional environment Limestone forming a C2a2: Mdeirej prominent cliff, which often used as a marker bed. Transition with the Abey Limestone, Lower Formation consists of three layers of green clay intercalating limestone. This Aptian formation is outcropping to the East of the site and it can reach 45 meter in thickness. Hammana Marl intercalated with marly Limestone with thick layers of Sand on top; layers C2b Formation, Upper of ferro-oolitic limestone sometimes overlie the sand. This formation can reach Aptian 20 meter in thickness Green Marl (containing glauconite) intercalated with thick layers of marly Hammana Limestone forming cliffs 3 - 4 m in height; may contain some thin sand layers C3 Formation, Albian in the lower part of the formation. This formation can reach 150 meter in thickness. (C4); this unit is divided into three subunits: C4a: Dolomitic Limestone, within this formation, geodes of different sizes Sannine filled or voided can be recorded. Thickness of this unit is about 300 meters. C4 Limestone, of C4b: Bluish marl and shale containing crystals of quartz, chert nodules and Cenemonain age bands form. Thickness of this unit is about 100 meters. C4c: Limestone and dolomitic limestone white to brown in color. Limestone is highly karstified. Thickness of this unit is about 300 meters. Composed of hard crystalline and micritic limestone to dolomitic limestone, Maameltain / creamish white to brown in color, while the weathered color is mainly gray. C5 Ghazir Limestone Limestone / dolomitic limestone is highly karstified and within this formation, geodes of different sizes filled or voided are recorded. Finely crystalline, massive, cliffy Limestone that includes trace to abundant Bikfaya brown chert nodules. This formation is chemically deposited with smooth fresh J6 Limestone, fracture. The thickness of this unit is ranging from 60 to 65 m and Type section Portlandian epoch is Bikfaya. Quaternary formation, This formation can reach a thickness of 100 m and typically consists of sandy Q belonging to the beaches, detrital LS, conglomerates, volcanic coastal or alluvial deposits Quaternary age Volcanic formation with about 50 m of thickness, overlapping J6 (Bikfaya bj6 Black Basalt Limestone). This type is an impermeable rock, aquiclude layer that results in seasonal spring discharges. Composed of Chocolate brown Shale and bluish Marl, in many parts it’s intercalated with thick oolitic Limestone bed. The marl weathers to a creamish, J7 Salima limestone ochre color and Crinoids fossil can be recorded in this formation. Thickness varies from zero-few meters to 150 m. Type section is Salima. Loose marine greenish marl, that weathers to grey marl. In some parts this M2a Miocene formation is inter-bedded with marly limestone. Thickness of this outcropping is around 150 m and it is reach in foraminifera fossils. Source: Dubertret, (1945) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-59 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure B Geology map for Kesrouane Caza showing exposed outcrops and % of exposure of each class TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-60 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table F Geological outcrop coverage for the representative roads within Kesrouane Caza Road K1 Coverage (%) j6 36% c4 24% qe 11% c1 7% bj6 6% m2b 6% c2a 4% c3 3% c2b 2% m2a 1% K3 Coverage (%) j6 100% Road K6 Coverage (%) j6 41% c4 25% bj6 20% c3 6% c5 2% c2b 2% c2a 1% m2a 1% c1 1% Road K2 Coverage (%) j6 43% bj6 22% c2a 10% c2b 8% c4 7% c3 6% c1 4% Road K5 Coverage (%) c4 33% c5 25% m2b 23% qdm 11% m2a 4% qat 3% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-61 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure C Hydrogeological map of the Kesrouane Caza (showing water potential of the subsurface)- Refer to Table G for description of hydrogeology classes TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-62 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table G Summary of hydrogeological classes exposed for all Kesrouane roads (legend of hydrogeological map) Probable Flows of the Instantaneous Transmissivity Geology Class Groundwater sheets Lithology Age Sources Flows of the Works m2/Sec L/sec. L/sec. Massive limestone and Jurassic <100 dolomitic limestone with 1 Bathonien- 100-1000 >100 interval marls Thickness: >1000 Portlandien >1000 m. In Karstic Formations Cretaceous <100 Limestone regularly bedding Generally, high 2 Wide And Rich Water Cénomanien- 100-1000 >100 Thickness: 800 à 1000 m. 10-2 ≤ T ≤ 1 Table Turonien >1000 Limestone Cretaceous 100-1000 3 and marly limestone beds of >100 Turonien >1000 flint Thickness: ~ 200m. Sandstone Thickness Cretaceous 10-5 ≤ T ≤ 10-4 10 <10 <10 Local or : 150 à 250 m. Grès De Base Poor with weak Discontinuous Water Table Detachments gravel slopes and 11 Quaternary _ <10 Poor with weak mud flows. Thickness: variable Alternations of clay-sandy, <5 Cretaceous 16 limestone beds and marl (Sources <5 Weak with very weak Areas Generally Without Aptien_Albien Thickness: 300 to 400 m. intermittent) Water Table or a Very Local Water Table Cretaceous Inf. 22 Basalt of variable thickness Miocene Pliocene _ Very weak Very weak Quaternary TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-63 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table H Hydrogeological classes coverage (%) per each inspected road in Kesrouane Caza (50 m fixed buffer) Road K1 Coverage (%) 1: Jurassic Karst 38% 2: Cretaceous Karst 23% 16 Cretaceous Clay 9% 11: Quaternary Gravel 9% 10: Cretaceous Sandstone 7% 5: Neogene Karst 7% 22: Basalt 7% Road K5 Coverage (%) 2: Cretaceous Karst 38% 3: Cretaceous Limestone 37% 5: Neogene Karst 25% Road K3 Coverage (%) 1: Jurassic Karst 100 % Road K2 Coverage (%) 1: Jurassic Karst 48 % 16: Cretaceous Clay 25% 22: Basalt 10% 2: Cretaceous Karst 10% 10 :Cretaceous Sandstone 7% Road K6 Coverage (%) 1 Jurassic Karst 45% 2 Crestaceous Karst 28% 22 Basalt 14% 3 Cretaceous Karst 9% 16 Cretaceous Clay 3% 10 Cretaceous Sandstone 1% Table I Existing surface water in the Caza with respect to representative roads Road Name Proximity to River  Situated between Nahr El Kaleb and Wadi Jounieh and runs parallel to both of them. K1  Very close to Nahr El Kalb in Mayrouba and Hrajel (~200m) and intersects with the river several times in Faraya, Mazraat Kfardebian, and Mchee Kesrouane (Kfardebian)  Intersects with Nahr el Kalb in Zouk Mosbeh coastal area  Intersects with Wadi Jounieh river in Sarba coastal area K5  Intersects with Wadi Ghazir river in Ghazir coastal area  Intersects with Wadi Tabarja river in Tabarja coastal area  Intersects with Nahr Ibrahim river in Bkak El Dine coastal area  Runs parallel to Wadi Jounieh in all villages and is very close K6 and intersect with the river in Achkout and Bekaatet Achkout TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-64 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table J Main Springs in Kesrouane Caza with respect to road alignments Spring Road Name Nearest Distance (m) Nabaa El Assal K1 947 El Laban K1 251 Ain Ed Delbe K2 10 Nabaa El Mghara K1 471 Nabaa El Qana K1 2,895 Nabaa Ech Charir K2 853 Nabaa Es Souane K1 507 Nabaa El Tannour K1 459 Nabaa El Tannour K1 339 Faqra K1 520 Jiita K1 1,095 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-65 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure D Existing springs in Kesrouane along road alignments TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-66 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure E Distribution of air pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in the troposphere above the Lebanese border average from year 2018 up to August 2023 (data retained from Sentinel-5 precursor/TROPOMI Level 2 Product TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-67 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table K Main natural habitats encountered along the roads in Kesrouane Caza The biogeographic region ranges from the Thermo-Mediterranean near the coast to the Eu-Mediterranean and Supra-Mediterranean at Wata el Joz and Mountainous zone at the level of Oyoun el Siman. The altitudinal range plays an important role in plant composition (Abi Saleh, 1996). Thermo-Mediterranean zone comprises at the sea level a coastal belt sheltering plant communities reflecting the beach habitat and consist at higher altitude of mainly Carob-lentiscus series and Quercus calliprios thermophilous series. The Supra-Mediterranean zone is characterized by a series of vegetation that are found on limestone substrata. The series of Quercus calliprinos, the series of Quercus infectoria; the series of Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus series; the Pinus pinea and Pinus brutia found on sandstone. Whereas, Mediterranean mountains are characterized by different forest groupings, quite rich and quite specialized floristically. Mainly cedar and fir trees are associated with varied deciduous oak trees that can also exist in scattered stand from particular subseries. LULC analysis Field observations Dense pine forest Pine forests (umbrella pine (Pinus pinea) and wild pine (Pinus brutia) Outcrops Bare rocks in garrigue Rocky outcrops Low density oak forest Oaq maquis Mixed forests Woodlands dominated by Quercus infectoria Shrubland with scattered trees Open garrigue vegetation Stony shrubland Low density pine forest Pine forests and woodlots on sandstone Clear pines intermixed with oak trees Clusters of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) trees Grassland of medium density Grasslands used for agriculture and forage (croplands) Olives, field crops in small fields/terraces, deciduous Olive groves (Olea europaea), fruit terraces, fruit trees cultivated trees, and polytunnels Medium density urban fabric Rural settlements and urbanized areas TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-68 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure F LULC map for Kesrouane Caza TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-69 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table L Particular biotopes and natural habitats along the assessed roads %LULC along Vegetation zone Road Distance from Protected Areas the road (50 m Elevation (Abi Saleh & Characteristics of Natural Habitats Name (PAs), valleys, and rivers fixed buffer (m) Safi, 1996). from centerline)  Rocky outcrops provide habitat for a range of unique plants and animals. Also, characterized by one of the most important floral communities, with many endemics or rare species. Among the important flora that were recorded/potentially present in the study area:  Intersects with Nahr Centaurea speciosa, Phagnalon kotschyi, Staehelina Ibrahim river several lobelia, and Thalictrum orientale times in Faraya, Mazraat  Rocky slopes and plateau (in Oyoun el Siman) with a Kfardebian, and Mchee variety of mountain plant species and thorny mountain Kesrouane (Kfardebian) vegetation and cushion plants especially the Berberis o Nahr Ibrahim is libanotica and Ehrenberg small shrubs. Reptiles that under the are potentially present in the area include (Montivipera protection of bornmuelleri (viper) and the lizard species the MoE, Thermo, Eu Phoenicolacerta kulzeri, Parvilacerta fraasi, Deicion 24 % Outcrop Mediterranean K1 27-2113 Trachylepis vittata, and Laudakia stellio (Hraoui- No.34/97) 10% Grassland zones and Bloque, 2012) o Nahr Ibrhim Mountain zone  Riparian thickets were recorded along the road valley- segment that intersects with river including Oriental constitutes a Plane (Platanus orientalis), Willow trees (Salix spp.), dynamic Salix spp, Juglan regia, Celtis australis and shrubby hideout for vegetation namely Rubus hedycarpus. Further, numerous vegetation was that of mountainous wetlands reptiles, dominated by Juncus spp., Scirpus spp.and Equisetum. mammals, and Riparian habitats are important refuge for amphibians, birds birds and reptiles.  Mediterranean maquis intermixed with residential and agricultural areas  Meadows near water channels  Grasslands used for agriculture and forage (croplands) Eu- 25 % field crop Mediterranean  Mediterranean oak woodland, dominated by the  Ain Ed Delbe is only 10 21 %Low K2 895-1289 and supra- evergreen oak species Quercus calliprinos, with a m away from Road K2 density oak Mediterranean scattering of deciduous oak Quercus infectoria and forest zones TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-70 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 10% dense other tree species including Strawberry Tree (Arbutus forest of oak sp.)  Riparian  Mediterranean maquis that constitute a dynamic hideout for numerous reptiles, mammals, and birds.  Open garrigue vegetation, discontinuous bushy associations of the Mediterranean calcareous plateaus. Eu-  Pine forest intermixing with residential areas 47% dense pine K3 - 718- 898 Mediterranean  Olive groves forest zone  Open Garrigue vegetation  The road involves rural area, bordered by grasslands  26% dense (overgrazed grasslands) and garrigue vegetation  Intersect with Wadi pine forest Thermo and (rocky garrigue). Jounieh river in  12 % 28 Supra- K6  Some segments involve pine forest/ or dense pine Achkoute and Bekaatet Grasslands 1366 Mediterranean patches (umbrella pine intermixing with wild pine Achkout of medium zones (Pinus brutia) and kermes oak) density  Wet habitats (grasslands) were noticed along the road TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-71 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table M Percent LULC distribution per road (50m buffer) LULC K1 Coverage (%) Outcrop 24% Medium density urban fabric 17% Grasslands of medium density 10% Low-density urban fabric 7% Dense pine forest 6% Low density oak forest 6% Deciduous fruit trees 6% Field crops in small fields/terraces 5% Shrublands (with scattered trees) 4% Field crops in large areas 4% Mixed dense forest 3% Material Extraction Sites 2% Shrublands 1% Mixed low density forests 1% Urban sprawl on dense forest 1% Urban sprawl on permanent crops 1% Others 3% LULC K3 Coverage (%) Dense pine forest 47% Medium density urban fabric 20% Low-density urban fabric 10% Another type of leafy low density forests 7% Grasslands of medium density 6% Deciduous fruit trees 3% Field crops in small fields/terraces 3% Citrus fruit trees 2% Diverse Equipment 1% Urban sprawl on permanent crops 1% Protected agriculture 0% LULC K2 Coverage (%) Field crops in small fields/terraces 25% Low density oak forest 21% Low-density urban fabric 14% Dense forest of Oaks (Quercus ssp) 10% Medium density urban fabric 9% Grasslands of medium density 5% Mixed dense forest 4% Dense pine forest 3% Shrublands (with scattered trees) 3% Urban sprawl on field crops 2% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-72 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Mixed low density forests 2% Deciduous fruit trees 2% Protected agriculture 1% Olives 1% Others 1% LULC K6 Coverage (%) Dense pine forest 26% Medium density urban fabric 20% Grasslands of medium density 12% Low density oak forest 8% Field crops in small fields/terraces 6% Protected agriculture 3% Mixed dense forest 3% deciduous fruit trees 2% Shrublands with scattered trees 2% Mixed low density forest 2% Complex resort 1% Urban Sprawl on dense forest 1% Material extraction site 1% Green urban area 1% others 2% LULC K5 Coverage (%) Highway 30% Medium density urban fabric 27% Field crops in small fields/terraces 7% Grasslands of medium density 7% Shrublands (with scattered trees) 4% Complex Resort 4% Dense urban fabric 3% Industrial or commercial area 3% Shrublands 3% Protected agriculture 2% Low-density urban fabric 2% Field crops in large areas 2% Deciduous fruit trees 1% Mixed low density forests 1% Low density pine forest 1% Outcrop 1% Mixed dense forest 1% Others 1% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-73 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure G Main LULC and habitats encountered along Kesrouane Roads Urbanized segment along Road K1 Rocky garrigue vegetation along Road K1 Rocky habitat (outcrops) in Kfardibian along Road Road K1: Jurd ecosystem in Oyoun el Siman K1 Open rocky garrigue bordering Road K1 Riparian thicket along Road K1 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-74 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Residential houses bordering Road K2 Oak maquis bordering Road K2 Garrigue vegetation bordering Road K2 Agricultural terraces bordering Road K2 Olive groves along Road K3 Pine forest (umbrella pine intermixing with oak and wild pine trees) along Road K3 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-75 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Agricultural polytunnel along Road K3 Oak maquis bordering Road K6 Pine forest (wild and umbrella pine) along K6 before reaching Harissa TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-76 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table N Main Sensitive receptors recorded along assessed roads in Kesrouane Caza Receptor Description Road Name Shortest Distance (m) Mar Youhanna El Habib - Church Church 206 Christ Bible Baptist Church Church 4 St. Charbel Church Church 497 Faraya Municipality Municipality 20 St Challita Church Church 54 K1 Eglise Saint Elie Church 71 Al Kadyma Church Church 44 Mayrouba Municipality Municipality 203 College Saint Paul - Faytroun School 140 Notre Dame de Lumière Nazareth School 164 El Ghine Municipality Municipality 13 K2 Saydet Najat Church Church 16 Saint Roch School School 42 K3 Ajaltoun Technical School School 70 Our Lady of Lebanon Church 208 K6 Batha municipality Municipality 135 Table O Sensitive receptors along Road K5 (highway) Receptor Description Road Name Shortest Distance (m) St Elias Church Church 36 Saint Anne Maronite Church Church 53 DOPS -JOUNIEH School 73 St Doumit Church Church 90 Fouad Chehab Stadium Sports 107 Ste Sophia Church Church 117 Saint Jack church Church 121 Okaibeh Municipality Municipality 123 Sarba Official School School 132 K5 St. Maroun Church Church 142 Takasim music School 160 KMC Hospital 170 Bouar Public Hospital 210 Jounieh Public High School School 212 Tabarja Municipality Municipality 261 St. John The Baptist Church Church 306 Saint John School School 320 Jounieh Municipality Municipality 324 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-77 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure H Main sensitive receptors along main roads in Kesrouane Caza TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-78 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure I Main sensitive receptors along Road K5 (highway) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-79 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure J Some examples of sensitive receptors recorded along inspected roads in Kesrouane Caza Faraya Municipality bordering Road K1 Shops and residential buildings bordering Road K1 Saint Roch School bordering K3 Agricultural terraces bordering Road K3 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-80 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 12 Annex 3: Impact Assessment Methodology The assessment followed the Lebanese MoE grading methodology stated in Decision No 261/1, dated 2015. The impact grading methodology is explained in this section. This approach was adopted in order to address the several sources of impacts from the project’s activities. The stages of the evaluation process are the following: - Identification of project-related activities (sources) and environmental aspects. - Identification of potential impacts to the environment (physical, biological, human, cultural). - Evaluation and assessment of the related unmitigated impact significance. Impacts are first classified as shown in the table below: Table P Classification of Impacts Matrix Classification Criteria P The proposed activity offers benefits for the overall project (Positive) N Impacts having minimal to major negative influence N (Negative) (Nature) D Impact arising directly from the project activities (Direct) I Impacts arising from activities not directly related to the project (Indirect) development High potential to mitigate negative impacts on the physical, biological or human environment to the level of insignificant effects. L Disturbance of degraded areas with little conservation value. Minor (Low) changes in species occurrence or variety. Simple mitigation measures may be needed to minimize impacts Medium range (beyond site boundary but restricted to local area). Medium-term (reversible over time, duration of operational phase). Potential to mitigate negative impacts on physical, biological or M human environment. However, the implementation of mitigation (Moderate) measures may still not prevent some negative effects. M Destruction/Disturbance of areas with potential conservation value. (Magnitude) Complete changes in species occurrence or variety. Mitigation measures will help minimize impacts Disturbance to areas of high conservation value. Destruction of rare or endangered species. Mitigation is required. H Largely irreversible impacts on the physical, biological or human (High) environment. Has a massive impact on the surrounding livelihood. Potentially irreparable damage to a site of social and/or cultural importance L Limited to the project area E (Local) Locally occurring impact within the locality of the proposed project (Extent) G Extend beyond the local area (Global) National impact affecting resources on a national scale S Activities and their related impacts are characterized by a short (Short-term) duration of effect T M Activities and their related impacts are characterized by a medium (Timing) (Medium-term) duration of effect L Activities and their related impacts are characterized by a long (Long-term) duration of effect TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-81 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Matrix Classification Criteria C Impacts arise during the construction phase of the proposed project D (Construction) (Duration) O Impacts arise during the operational phase of the project (Operation) R Impacts may be reversible, or able to be rehabilitated upon the R (Reversible) decommissioning of the proposed project (Reversibility) I Impacts may not be reversible, or able to be rehabilitated upon the (Irreversible) decommissioning of the proposed project L The classified impact is unlikely to occur under normal operating (Low) conditions L M (Likelihood of The classified impact may possibly occur (Medium) occurrence) H The classified impact is unlikely to occur under normal operating (High) conditions L Results in no substantial adverse change to existing environmental (Low) conditions Substantial adverse change to existing environmental conditions M Can be mitigated to less-than-significant levels by implementation S (Medium) of proposed potentially feasible mitigation measures or by the (Significance) selection of an environmentally superior project alternative Substantial adverse change to existing environmental conditions H Cannot be fully mitigated by implementation of all feasible (High) mitigation measures The environmental significance matrix adopted is based on the well-known “weighted scoring” or “weighing and scoring” method used as a tool in various decision analysis applications. In this method, the following steps takes place: - Attributes relevant to the project are chosen - Weights or numerical values are assigned to each attribute depending on its importance (values should be based on objective data or expert opinion to exclude subjectivity during the process). - Scores are allocated to each option to reflect its status with respect to each attribute The final result is a single weighted score for each option, which is used to quantify its overall performance/significance. As such, the adopted matrix is designed to allow subjective conclusions to be numerically recorded or quantified, therefore providing at the same time an impact evaluation and quantitative record to revert to in the future: Table Q Significance Impact Matrix Magnitude x Extent x Duration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 Likelihood Frequency 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 x Yellow: Negligible / Green: Low significance / Blue: Medium significance / Red: High significance TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-82 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 13 Annex4 Code of Conduct Individual CoC in Arabic TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-83 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 14 Annex5: Schematic illustration of the GRM Level 1 A written complaint or concern or An oral complaint or concern or suggestion is lodged to the site suggestion is lodged to the site engineer or manager engineer or manager Site manager or engineer should carry out the necessary actions to Must be written down by the site resolve the issue within a engineer or manager maximum period of one week Is the complainant satisfied with Yes the actions of the site engineer or Issue is resolved manager? No Level 2 The complainant brings the issue to the attention of the social specialist of the PIU The social expert should carry out the necessary actions to resolve the issue within a maximum period of two weeks Is the complainant satisfied with Yes the actions of the social specialist? Issue is resolved No Level 3 The complainant brings the issue to the attention of the Director of the PIU Director of the PIU should carry out the necessary actions to resolve the issue within a maximum period of two weeks TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-84 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 15 Annex 6: Complaint Register Form Table R Complaints Registration Form Name Name of Date (optional), Complaint employer/ Date of the Corrective Type of of phone and issue and representative complaint Action Complaint close address of action taken notified of out Complainant complaint TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-85 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 16 Annex 7: Plans and Procedures during Maintenance Activities Pollution Prevention Plan The Contractor shall prepare and abide by a Pollution Prevention Plan to ensure that pollution to air, water or land is prevented or, where this is not possible, reduced and mitigated as far as practicable during the construction phase. The Pollution Prevention Plan will be developed for managing:  liquid effluents  air emissions  noise and vibration  fuel, oil, and chemical storage and handling  hazardous, non-hazardous, and household waste handling, storage and final disposal vehicle and equipment selection and maintenance Effluent Management Provisions  No effluent shall be discharged under any condition neither into water courses or bodies including surface water bodies nor to ground surface or infiltrated into subsoils  Install mobile porta-cabins and connect the generated wastewater from workers to the existing sewage network or to polyethylene tank Empty the tank in the sewer network or into nearby operational wastewater treatment plants either by municipality-owned or contracted wastewater tankers Rainwater run-off Management Provisions  Install temporary structures to prevent runoff from reaching nearby water bodies  Remove base coarse and sand from active maintenance sites to prevent the transfer of suspended solids in rainwater  All platforms where generators or hydrocarbon storage tanks are installed have an impervious layer Restrict excavation activities during periods of intense rainfall Atmospheric Emissions and Dust Management Provisions  Exercise care to minimize emissions of dust from its activities, including traffic, at work sites, in residential areas and on access roads.  Stop dust generating activities during windy weather especially in residential areas  Where it is deemed that dust is impacting or may have an impact on human, plant or animal receptors or where dust may cause sedimentation of watercourses/water bodies or unacceptable levels of soil loss, water shall be applied to the area creating the dust  Control vehicle speeds to reduce traffic-induced dust dispersion and resuspension by setting and enforcing speed limits  Post speed limit signs in sensitive areas  Ensuring trucks hauling sand, dirt or other loose materials are covered (sheeting trucks)  Cover dusty stockpiles  Suspending topsoil stripping and replacement during strong winds  Using a dust collection system for bulk materials unloading  Ensure proper handling and storage of materials thus minimizing the areas of stockpiled materials  When storage, transport and handling of bulk materials is made in the open air and exposed to the wind, necessary dust abatement measures shall be implemented  Regular maintenance of construction machinery, equipment and vehicles Spill Prevention and Management  Spill clean-up procedure to reduce the risks of accidental leakages  Carry out all re-fuelling in designated areas with impervious surfaces and guarantee no fuel spills  A spill collection tank must be installed under generators and specific equipment TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-86 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners  All chemicals shall be stored in dedicated areas on a paved or sealed floor and in tightly closed containers and be protected from adverse weather conditions  Used oil or chemical must be stored in an appropriate area until it is collected and disposed in licensed sites  Use of secondary containment basins for long term storage of lubricants and fuels  Ensure that the plan is present at the construction site and that oil spill response kits are available  Ensure proper housekeeping conditions are maintained at the oil/chemical storage areas  Train all workers to implement this plan in case of accidental spillage Waste Management Plan This plan shall be developed and implemented by the Contractor to manage the generated waste effectively. The plan shall include the following components: Establish and maintain a waste register which is at the disposal of the Engineer. This register will record all waste management operations: production, collection, transport and disposal. Waste shall be categorized according to the following definitions: Non-hazardous solid waste generated at maintenance sites and offices includes excess fill materials from grading and excavation activities, scrap wood and metals, and small concrete spills. Other non-hazardous solid wastes include office and kitchen wastes. Hazardous solid waste includes contaminated soils, oily rags, used oil filters, used oil, as well as spill cleanup materials from oil and fuel spills Waste shall be collected from each maintenance sites and from offices at the same rate that it is produced All the waste materials generated at work sites and offices shall be segregated into domestic (organic/ paper and cardboard/ metals, glass and plastics) and hazardous waste and disposed into the color-coded containers (one for the disposal of organic waste, one for paper and cardboard and one for aluminium, glass and plastics) The domestic waste containers shall be emptied 2 to 3 times per week by the municipality to maintain maintenance sites sanitation Segregated recyclables shall be sent to recycling facilities in the area where possible Reuse of excavation materials generated during cutting and filling activities whenever possible and disposal of remaining material in controlled disposal site to be identified by the contractor in coordination with the relevant municipality Approval letters shall be obtained from the concerned municipalities for domestic and construction waste disposal Reuse or recycle the generated waste whenever possible Train workers on waste reduction procedures Provide workers with nearby sanitation facilities and inform them about their location The work zone shall be cleaned on a daily basis. Construction leftovers that are external to the working zone shall be removed regularly. Site housekeeping must be maintained Hazardous Materials Management Plan A Hazardous Materials Management Plan will be developed for hazardous materials that pose a potential risk to human health or the environment and include cleaning chemicals, solvents and fuels. The plan shall include the following:  Fuel and hazardous chemicals/materials shall be stored in designated areas, except for quantities generated or required for the daily construction activities.  All fuel and hazardous chemical storage facilities shall be located on flat or gently sloping ground and shall be contained within a bund designed to contain at least 110% of the total capacity of the storage containers plus 10% of the aggregate tank volume within the containment area or as otherwise specified by regulatory requirements. The bund walls and floor shall be constructed of concrete or other suitably impermeable material. The filling connection must be within the bund. No drain valves or other connections through the bund walls shall be permitted. Tanks shall be fitted TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-87 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners with a gauge to allow the fill level to be monitored during refilling and preferably with a high-level alarm.  Hydrocarbons, lubricants, paints, solvents and batteries are transported in drums to suitable waste management facilities, if available Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan An Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP) will be developed so that the Contractor is prepared to respond to accidental and emergency situations in a manner that prevents and mitigates harm to people and the environment. The EPRP needs to be discussed and disclosed to service providers and local affected communities prior to construction. The EPRP shall cover the following emergency situations as a minimum/;  Medical emergency  Fire or explosion;  Hazardous Material Spill or Release; The EPRP will identify  Accidents and emergency situations and the communities and individuals that may potentially be impacted  Response procedures, provision of equipment and resources, designation of responsibilities, communication systems and channels and periodic response training The Project will need to ensure that the Contractor shall  Maintain fit-for-purpose Emergency Response Capability, which shall be clearly documented  Make contingency arrangements for calling a Doctor and transporting injured persons to hospital. The telephone numbers of the emergency services and the name, address and telephone number of the Doctor and the nearest hospital shall be prominently displayed in the Contractor´s office.  Ensure that all personnel are informed and aware of how to react in an emergency situation, and responsibilities are defined. Information and awareness training shall be documented, and available on all Project Areas  Organize and document emergency simulation exercises within 3 months of the physical start of the works, and subsequently once every 12 months Traffic Management Plan A Traffic Management Plan (TMP) will need to be developed by the main contractor. The TMP shall be a starting point for further discussion between the main contractor, local authorities and road agencies. The plan will include preventative measures to manage the risks from potential increases in traffic from construction activities including transportation of material and workers to and from the maintenance activity sites. In addition, it will include measures to protect workers and manage the risks from civilian traffic within close proximity to maintenance activities especially within residential areas. The TMP will be refined and updated as access routes are confirmed and the timing and type of abnormal loads become known. The TMP shall include the following:  Proposed program of works;  Details of key stakeholders;  Details regarding the proposed method of construction;  Proposed Temporary Traffic Control/ Management Plans (TTCP/ TMP);  Various traffic diversion plan layouts for various type of activities;  Diversion signs;  Regulatory signs;  Informative signs;  Analysis of impacted roads;  Risk Assessment;  Proposed working hours; and Protection of Work Zones and road users including pedestrians; The TMP shall be approved by the Consultant prior the execution of work. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-88 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners A special TMP shall be prepared regarding works on Highways. Noting that Works on Highways shall be minimized during Peak- Hours and maximized during off-peak hours, 7 days a week. Public Health and Safety Plan An effective Public Health and Safety Plan for construction shall include at least the following components:  Secure the site and restrict access to it  Prohibit unattended/unauthorized public access  No children are allowed to be present on the work site, reminding workers and community members of this in all related communications  Install barriers with warning lights at night around excavations, material dumps or other obstructions at the maintenance sites  Install warning signs for drilling and maintenance at the external part of the site and at a distance of 100 meters  Inform residents and place proper safety and diversion signs at sensitive areas within the project area (i.e. near schools, shops hospitals and agriculture areas)  Install pedestrian and vehicular passages near residential areas  Accidental oil spillage shall be well controlled  Make sure at least three sets of first aid kits are present on the construction site.  Access to hospitals should not be impeded at any time  Properly manage trucks and heavy machinery entering and exiting the construction site.  Training of heavy machinery drivers about road safety  Equip Project drivers with telephones for contacting the emergency services to enact the EPRP if necessary in case of emergency.  Keep stakeholders informed of maintenance schedule and abide by assigned timing  Manage the grievance mechanism through which community members can make complaints about project activities  The community health and safety plan shall cross reference with other relevant management plans such as the TMP and EPRP. Local health care and emergency services shall be consulted in the development of the plan. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Plan In addition, the Contractor shall ensure the workers’ health and safety against possible accidents and injuries from the various maintenance activities. The plan shall include the following:  Hazard Identification and assessment including (Physical injuries from: Traffic accidents, Falling from moving vehicles, Loss of stability and overturning of equipment, Falling from height, Hit by construction materials, Slips, trips and falls, Electrical incidents, Burns from hot works, Health problems due to: Fumes and dust, Noise and vibration, Excessive manual handling, Disease outbreaks, Asphyxiation in confined spaces and Fire )  OHS protection measures for the identified hazards  OHS protection measures for Unexploded Explosive Ordnance  Prevention and precaution measures for COVID-19  Identify the mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used including hard hats, safety boots, reflective vest as well as specific PPEs  Identify and manage dangerous substances planned to be used on the project area  Work Permit System for Confined Space Entry, Hot Works, Excavation, Lifting, Working at Height, Handling of Hazardous Materials, and Electrical works  Safe Work Method Statements  Hazard communication  Emergency and Evacuation procedures TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-89 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners  Accident and incident reporting and investigation The Contractor shall implement mitigation measures as per the Occupational Health and Safety Plan. Measures include but not limited to:  Personnel and visitors to maintenance activity areas shall be equipped with a safety helmet, safety shoes and a reflective jacket as a minimum.  Adequate quantities of PPE shall be available on the project areas and stored properly  Personnel shall be trained on how to use and care for PPE  Conduct training and awareness meetings including correct use of PPE, health and safety procedures, and handling hazardous material containers and related wastes  Ensure refreshing training session on occupational health and safety measures is conducted on a monthly basis  Ensure that supervision, directly in charge of construction activities, fully brief and discuss with Personnel HS Tool Box Talks at the start of each work day and prior to commencing new activities. These talks shall be conducted in a language understood by the workforce. A checklist shall be utilised for this purpose. At a minimum it shall include the following: Nature of the job, associated hazards, safe working methods to be adopted and requirements of the Permit to Work  Ensure a minimum of first-aid provisions on any work site, including: suitably stocked first-aid kits; a person, respectively an adequate number of staff appointed and trained to take charge of first-aid arrangements and ensure that staff and workers are informed about first-aid arrangements  Equip the project area with a communication system exclusively for the purposes of communication with the first aid services. Information on how to communicate with the first aid services shall be clearly indicated near the communications equipment  Collaborate with local health authorities and make arrangement with an appropriate number of local doctors, and/or nurses, hospitals and ambulance services to ensure that medical staff, first aid facilities, and ambulance service are available within the project area  Measures as per national guidelines published by WHO and Ministry of Public Health regarding COVID-19 prevention and quarantine procedures  Workplace inspections Chance Finds Procedure The chance find procedure is a project-specific procedure that identify actions necessary if previously unknown heritage resources, particularly archaeological resources, are unexpectedly encountered during project construction phase. A Chance Find Procedure will set out how chance finds associated with the project will be managed and will include the following requirements:  Notify relevant authorities (Directorate of General of Antiquities) of found objects or sites  Fence the area of finds or sites to avoid further disturbance  Conduct an assessment of found objects or sites by cultural heritage experts in order to identify and implement actions consistent with the requirements of ESS8 and national legislation  Train project personnel and project workers on chance find procedures TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-90 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 17 Annex 8: Public Consultation Municipalities and NGOs were consulted at this phase of the project. Consulted NGOs were targeted according to their position in Lebanon. They consist of two levels as follows: a) Local NGOs: they are specific to each Caza. Their mission is to address different concerns and issues among the local society including social, economic, gender equality, environment, poverty, women empowerment, etc. The name of the invited NGOs and their field of activity are presented in the table below. Those local NGOs may play a role of advocates to reduce projects’ social and environmental risks. Out of the invited local NGOs, only YASA attended the meeting. b) International NGOs: they are covering the whole country and their consultation will be applied to all the ESMPs of the REP. They provide relief and developmental aid to many developing countries. They support the society in responding to crises and helps people whose lives and livelihoods are shattered by conflict and disaster to survive, recover and gain control of their future. When the crisis in Syria erupted in early 2011, numerous International NGOs responded to the humanitarian crisis and worked directly with the Syrian in Lebanon by providing aid and responding to their critical situation. In this context, Syrian refugees were contacted through the International NGOs to seek their feedback about the Project. Accordingly, this ESMP did not receive any concern about the Project. Table S Consulted Local NGOs and their Activities Organization Activities Auberge Beity Beity Association is a civil non-governmental & non-profit organization established association in 2004 focusing on sustainable social and economic development through capacity building and empowerment of local communities, especially of children, youth, and women. Women in Front Created in 2012, “Women in Front” aims at empowering women and increasing their participation in political and public life Amel Association Since its creation, in 1979, Amel has opened field hospitals, maternities, development and medical centers in addition to cooperatives in several areas, regardless of their political or religious affiliations. As part of its support to refugee’s program, it provides humanitarian aid to refugee communities, irrelevant of nationality. across the entire country. Frontiers’ Rights Ruwad was founded in 2014 after long years of advocacy work launched by its (Rouwad Houkouk) activists in 1999. The association defends the fundamental rights of marginalized groups in Lebanon, focusing on three areas: statelessness, right to asylum, and right to personal freedom, safety and non-refoulement (non-forced return to home country). Table T Consulted International NGOs and their Activities NGO Name Intervention Sector(s) ANERA Lebanon  Children & Youth  Development  Education  Relief Services  Water sanitation and hygiene ACTED  Development  Infrastructure & Services Rehabilitation  Labor & Livelihoods  Shelter  Water sanitation and hygiene Danish Refugee Council (DRC)  Direct Assistance  Protection  Shelter  Community Empowerment and Livelihoods TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-91 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Photos: Kesrouane Caza- Inclusive public participation meeting Public Participation meeting (July 2023) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-92 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Kesrouane Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Invitation letter: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-93 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Attendance sheet: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-94 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners PowerPoint Presentation: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-95 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-96 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-97 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Request Letters sent by Municipalities Letter 1 – Ghabala Municipality Letter 2 - Moaisra Municipality TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-98 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-99 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-100 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-101 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-102 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-103 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-104 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Kesrouane Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-105 -