REPUBLIC OF LEBANON COUNCIL FOR DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION Consultancy Services For Roads Routine Maintenance For Lot 15 (Metn Caza) CDR Contract No. 20832 Final Tender Documents For Roads Routine Maintenance Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) October 2023 Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table of Contents Table of Contents.......................................................................................................................... i  List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. iii  List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ iii  List of Figures in Annexes ......................................................................................................... iii  Abbreviations and Acronyms .......................................................................................................v  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... vi  1  Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1  1.1  Project Background ..................................................................................................... 1  1.2  Project Rationale ......................................................................................................... 2  1.3  Report Objectives ........................................................................................................ 2  1.4  Methodology ................................................................................................................. 3  1.4.1  Collection of Environmental and Social Baseline information.............................................................. 3  1.4.2  Methodlogy for Stakeholders Engagement ............................................................................................ 4  1.4.3  Methodology for Impact Assessment ..................................................................................................... 4  2  Existing Policies, Legal and Administrative Framework ................................................... 4  2.1  Legal Framework ........................................................................................................ 4  2.2  Institutional Framework ............................................................................................. 5  2.3  Environmental Standards ........................................................................................... 5  2.4  World Bank Policies and Guidelines ......................................................................... 6  2.4.1  Safeguard Policies ................................................................................................................................... 6  2.4.2  Access to Information, Consultations and Disclosure Policy ................................................................ 7  3  Description of the Proposed Project .................................................................................... 7  3.1  Project Scope and Location ........................................................................................ 7  3.2  Project Activities ........................................................................................................ 10  3.3  Equipment and Materials/Items............................................................................... 11  3.4  Staffing and Site Facilities ........................................................................................ 11  4  Description of the Environment and Social Context ........................................................ 12  4.1  Physical Environment ............................................................................................... 12  4.1.1  Topography ........................................................................................................................................... 12  4.1.2  Subsurface and Surface Conditions ...................................................................................................... 13  4.1.3  Climate .................................................................................................................................................. 14  4.1.4  Ambient Air ........................................................................................................................................... 14  4.1.5  Land Use /Land Cover .......................................................................................................................... 14  4.2  Biological Environment............................................................................................. 14  4.3  Socio-Economic Condition ........................................................................................ 15  4.3.1  General Background.............................................................................................................................. 15  4.3.2  Road Sensitive Receptors...................................................................................................................... 16  TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-i - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 5  Potential Impacts and Proposed Mitigation measures ..................................................... 18  5.1  Positive Impacts ......................................................................................................... 18  5.2  Negative Impacts........................................................................................................ 18  5.3  Environmental and Social Management Plans ....................................................... 19  6  Environmental and Social Monitoring Plans ................................................................... 31  6.1  Institutional Setup ..................................................................................................... 31  6.2  Capacity Building ...................................................................................................... 32  6.3  Environmental and Social Monitoring Plans Implementation.............................. 32  6.4  Documentation and Reporting ................................................................................. 36  7  Consultation, Disclosure and GRM .................................................................................. 36  7.1  Public Consultation ................................................................................................... 36  7.2  Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ................................................................... 37  7.2.1  GRM for Surrounding Communities .................................................................................................... 37  7.2.2  GRM for Workers ................................................................................................................................. 38  8  Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 38  9  References .......................................................................................................................... 40  10  Annex 1: Figures and Tables Related to Chapters 2 and Chapter 3 ............................ 41  11  Annex 2: Figures and Tables Related to Chapter 4 ...................................................... 47  12  Annex 3: Impact Assessment Methodology ................................................................... 66  13  Annex 4: Code of Conduct ............................................................................................. 68  14  Annex 5: Schematic illustration of the GRM ................................................................ 69  15  Annex 6: Complaint Register Form .............................................................................. 70  16  Annex 7: Plans and Procedures during Maintenance Activities ................................. 71  17  Annex 8: Public Consultation ........................................................................................ 76  TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-ii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners List of Tables Table 2-1 Allowable wastewater discharge levels (WB requirements) ............................... 5  Table 2-2 Reciprocating engine generator with capacity >=200 kW (or >=60 kVA) ......... 6  Table 2-3 Sound pressure limits (MoE Decision 52/1, 1996) .............................................. 6  Table 2-4 Noise exposure limits (MoE Decision 52/1, 1996).............................................. 6  Table 2-5 Lebanese noise guidelines for different zones (MoE 52/1, 1996) ....................... 6  Table 3-1 Representative roads in Metn Caza ..................................................................... 7  Table 3-2 Envisaged routine maintenance activities for Metn caza................................... 10  Table 4-1 Variation of surface elevation of representative roads in Metn Caza ................ 12  Table 5-1 Environnemental Management Plan .................................................................. 20  Table 5-2 Social Management Plan .................................................................................. 23  Table 5-3 H&S Management Plan (in accordance with IFC EHS/OHS guidelines) – see more details in Annex 7 .............................................................................................. 26  Table 6-1 Environmental, Social, and H&S Monitoring Plans .......................................... 33  List of Figures Figure 3-1 Metn Caza primary roads ................................................................................... 8  Figure 3-2 Antelias Bridge ................................................................................................... 9  Figure 6-1 Institutional setup ............................................................................................. 31  List of Figures in Annexes Figure A Geology map of Metn Caza showing exposed outcrops and % of exposure of each class ............................................................................................................................ 48  Figure B Hydrogeology map of Metn Caza (showing water potential of the subsurface)- Refer to table I for description of hydrogeology classes ........................................... 50  Figure C Distribution of air pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in the troposphere above the Lebanese border average from year 2018 up to August 2023 (data retained from Sentinel-5 precursor/TROPOMI Level 2 Product ...................................................... 53  Figure D LULC of Metn Caza .......................................................................................... 55  Figure E Encountered natural habitats along Metn roads .................................................. 60  Figure F Main sensitive receptors along Metn roads - 1 .................................................... 63  Figure G Main Sensitive Receptors along Metn roads - 2 ................................................. 64  Figure I Examples of sensitive receptors along Metn Roads ............................................. 65  List of Tables in Annexes Table A National Applicable Legal Framework ................................................................ 41  Table B Institutional framework ........................................................................................ 44  Table C Labor Conventions ............................................................................................... 45  Table D International treaties and conventions in relation to REP .................................... 46  Table E Raw material and items needed for routine maintenance work ............................ 46  Table F Summary of main geological outcrops exposed at the Metn Caza ....................... 47  Table G Geological outcrop coverage per representative road within Metn Caza ............ 49  Table H Summary of hydrogeological classes exposed for all Metn roads (legend of hydrogeological map) ................................................................................................. 51  TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-iii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table I Hydrogeological classes coverage (%) per each representative road in Metn Caza .................................................................................................................................... 52  Table J Existing surface water in the Caza with respect to representative roads ............... 52  Table K LULC Analysis complemented by field observations ......................................... 54  Table L Distribution of LULC over the length of Metn roads with a 50 m fixed buffer from the road centerline (% of LULC distribution per road) .............................................. 56  Table M Particular biotopes and natural habitats along the assessed roads ....................... 59  Table N Main Sensitive receptors recorded along main primary roads in Metn Caza ...... 61  Table O Classification of Impacts ...................................................................................... 66  Table P Significance Impact Matrix................................................................................... 67  Table Q Complaints Registration Form ............................................................................. 70  Table R Consulted Local NGOs and their Activities ......................................................... 76  Table S Consulted International NGOs and their Activities .............................................. 76  TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-iv - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Abbreviations and Acronyms CAE Child Abuse and Exploitation CDR Council for Development and Reconstruction CoC Code of Conduct CoM Council of Ministers DGA Directorate General of Antiquities EHS Environment Health and Safety ESHS Environmental, Social, Health and Safety ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FHH Female Headed Households GER Gross Enrolment Ratio GBV Gender Based Violence GOL Government of Lebanon GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism H&S Health and Safety IFC International Finance Cooperation ILO International Labour Organization LULC Land Use Land Cover MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoC Ministry of Culture MoE Ministry of Environment MoWE Ministry of Water and Energy MoIM Ministry of Interior and Municipalities MoL Ministry of Labor MoPH Ministry of Public Health MoPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transportation MoSA Ministry of Social Affairs NER Net Enrolment Rate NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations OP Operational Plan OHS Occupational Health and Safety OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PAPs Project Affected Persons PHS Public Health and Safety PIU Project Implementation Unit PM Particulate Matter KPI Key Performance Indicator REP Roads and Employment Project RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SH Sexual Harassment WB World Bank WBG World Bank Group TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-v - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Lebanon Roads and Employment Project (REP) is a World Bank (WB) funded project that aims through its first component to improve transport connectivity along select paved road sections and create short-term jobs for the Lebanese and Syrians. The project is implemented by the Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) in coordination with the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MoPWT), noting that all the roads under the REP are under the jurisdiction of the MoPWT. More specifically, the first component of the REP “Roads Rehabilitation and Maintenance “consists of rehabilitating and maintaining of about 500 km of primary roads (including International roads/ Highways) throughout Lebanon. Considering that the anticipated civil works will result in environmental and social impacts, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) shall be prepared under the requirements of OP4.01, which classifies the project as Category B to reduce the footprint of REP’s operations in Metn. Accordingly, Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners, which was assigned by CDR to prepare all the tender documents needed for the rehabilitation and maintenance works of the roads located within Metn Caza, developed in year 2020 an ESMP covering roads that were selected by the Lebanese Government for full rehabilitation works. The ESMP was consulted upon, cleared by the WB and disclosed on the CDR and the WB websites.     In this report a specific ESMP was developed for Metn Caza to cover routine maintenance activities for primary roads/ Highways including repair of expansion joints on highway. More specifically, to manage the environmental and social risks associated with the project, relevant mitigation measures as well as necessary institutional arrangements were covered through this ESMP Report. Relevant stakeholders were consulted as well to prepare adequate management and monitoring plans. The objective is to ultimately achieve REP Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) requirements. Noting that the Project was signed before October 2018, date of effectiveness of the World Bank (WB) Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). Project Description The project consists of routine maintenance activities in Lot 15- Metn Caza namely for primary roads (including International roads/ Highways). These activities include incidental repair works, pavement repair works, concrete repair works, installation of traffic control and safety devices and repair the damaged expansion joints of highway bridge BR-5 (i.e. Antelias bridge). Accordingly, the assessment was conducted at the Caza level with focus on BR-5 and six representative roads of the total primary network of Metn with a total length of 85.5 Km: - Road M1 Baabdet- Bekfaya- Delb (9 km); - Road M2 Nahr Al Mot –Al metn Highway-Beit Mesik- Atchane (15km); - Road M3 Bteghrine -Wadi el Jamamjem-Baskinta (11km); TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-vi - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners - Road M4 Mkales-El Mansouriyet-Beit Mery-Broummana (15.5 km); - Road M5 Dhour El Choueir –Baabdet- Aintoura-Tarchich (21 km) and - Road M6 Daoura-Nahr el Kaleb (sea side) (11km). The goal of this six-month project is road improvement. It is projected to engage 20 workers on regular workdays, with the potential to expand the workforce to as many as 30 individuals during peak maintenance periods, such as the period preceding the rainy season. Existing Policies, Legal and Administrative Framework This ESMP was conducted in accordance with the WB environmental and social standards and the Lebanese laws and regulations namely Law No. 444 (2002) for Environmental Protection. More specifically, routine maintenance activities will be done under OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment. World Bank Policies and Procedures: Compliance with OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment and OP/BP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. According to OP/BP 4.01, a public consultation with project-affected people and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) must be conducted for all projects under Category A and Category B. The WB Group (WBG) Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are mandatory and need to be adopted throughout the project duration. Baseline assessment The assessment recorded the existing physical, biological and socioeconomic conditions within the area of influence prior the project implementation. This data was then analyzed for impact prediction and assessment. The geology of the Caza was investigated for outcropping formations, subsurface stratigraphy, hydrogeology and hydrology. The analysis was conducted to depict the proportional distribution of hydrogeological classes within the Caza and along road alignments. The findings unveiled that nearly 50% of the Caza area rests upon a karstic formation known for its high transmissivity, rendering it susceptible to potential contamination. For instance, Road M1 is nearly entirely situated (96%) atop a karstic formation, while Roads M2 and M3 cover 86% and 78% of their paths over a karstic formation, respectively. The assessment revealed that Wadi Antelias is positioned at varying distances from Roads M6, M1, and M2: a mere 1 meter, 4 meters, and 8 meters, respectively. Nahr el Kaleb is found 4 meters away from Road M3 and at a distance of 20 meters from Road M6. Regarding natural habitats and biodiversity, the focus was mainly on adjacent areas to the concerned roads. The assessment revealed that certain sections of these roads pass through specific biotopes with significant ecological value, requiring special attention and care. These biotopes include riparian habitats, as well as oak maquis, and pine forests. Notably, pine forests make up 24% of the Caza's Land Use and Land Cover (LULC). Moreover, approximately 48% of Road M2, 40% of Road M3, 17% of Road M4, and 22% of Road M5 are adjacent to either TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-vii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners dense or low-density pine forests. These habitats and their associated flora could be negatively impacted if the ESMP was not effectively implemented. Lastly, a socio-economic survey was conducted in the project area to map the demographic, social and economic baseline conditions at the level of Metn Caza. A set of social indicators were investigated. The aim is to ensure that the communities surrounding the roads including vulnerable groups, if any, will not be adversely affected. Assessment focused as well on detecting immediate sensitive receptors along road alignments, namely, residents, hospitals/medical centers, places of worship, schools, shops, and agricultural lands. It was shown that nearly all assessed roads include segments that are in close proximity to residential buildings, shops (along all roads including BR-5) and churches (e.g., Saint Sarkis and Bakhos church 31m away from Road M1, Our lady of Perpetual help is located 86 m away from M1). Some roads include as well sections that are in close proximity to agricultural terraces and fruit trees (e.g. Road M3 in Baskinta) whereas others are in close proximity to schools (e.g. Bteghrine official high school and Autism school are located 116 m and 135 m away from Road M3 and Road M6, respectively) and hospital and medical centers (e.g. Wadih Al Haj Health center is only 4 m away from Road M3 at Baskinta, St Joseph Hospital is 165 m away from Road M6, and Bhannes hospital is 60 m away from Road M1). These sensitive receptors could be highly affected, in case of improper implementation of the ESMP and lack of adequate application of the project Traffic Management Plan (TMP). Impacts Evaluation Impacts were assessed at the Caza level, including the representative roads, for all activities under the scope of work, and worst-case scenario impacts were considered. Environmental impacts are expected to be localized and moderate. Moreover, given that the project aims to upgrade existing roads, environmental impacts are mainly limited to dust emissions and degradation of soil and water quality, if activities were not managed properly. Despite the temporary and localized nature of routine maintenance works, dust and odor emissions are expected to be high during works execution. Moreover, potential impacts on water and soil quality along assessed roads due to potential accidental spillages and contaminated storm water runoff, are expected to be of medium significance (majority of roads lie on karstic formation). In other words, road sections where the subsurface has a high transmissivity and is sensitive in terms of contamination, care should be taken, and activities (including waste management) should be closely monitored to avoid groundwater contamination. In addition to the expected temporary disturbance of the natural ecosystems (dust accumulation on roadside vegetation, noise pollution, increase in traffic, and accidental spills with subsequent ecosystem impairment), direct destruction of vegetation and population might occur if wastes (e.g., excavated materials) were directly discharged into the roadside ecosystems. Special care is needed when the adjacent habitats to roads involve rivers, oak maquis and pine forests. Potential social risks related to the project include (a) labor influx (in case the Contractor didn’t recruit labor from the surrounding community), (b) potential risk of labor induced Sexual Harassment (SH) towards female workers and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) towards women in the surrounding community; (c) potential risk of child labor; (d) inadequate P labor conditions, (e) dissatisfaction with job allocation; (f) risk of under-participation or underemployment of women; (g) nuisance, traffic disturbance and temporary obstruction of TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-viii - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners access routes to sensitive receptors (e.g., obstruction of access to residential units, schools and shops and dust accumulation on nearby receptors/receiving environment). Specifically, the impact assessment indicates that GBV risk (SEA/SH) is high due to the close proximity of human settlements to Metn primary roads. Similarly, traffic disturbance is expected to be significant knowing that the majority of assessed roads are urbanized with noteworthy traffic volume (e.g. high traffic flow for M6 and BR-5). Consequently, risk of traffic-related accidents and injuries to workers and local communities are expected to be significant, if adequate precautions, control measures, and a proper TMP (including a special TMP for highways) are not implemented. TMP shall be implemented, as first stage before starting works. For example, when executing works on highways including the repair of joints, the traffic shall be diverted to the edge lanes or to service lanes in a safe manner, ensuring the continuity of traffic circulation with an acceptable flow. Potential positive environmental impacts of the routine maintenance activities, if activities were managed properly, are associated with enhanced road conditions. For instance, improved drainage will decrease blockages, improve surface storm water run-off, and control erosion, which in turn reduces the risk of water stagnation which can damage road pavement and is associated with several waterborne diseases. Additionally, the project will improve the safety conditions of the roads through repair of pavements, safety barriers, and retaining walls. Most importantly, the project will create short-term employment opportunities to local residents and Syrian refugees who will execute earthworks. Development of the ESMP This ESMP provides avoidance and mitigation measures to identified impacts. The aim is to assist the project Contractor to reduce the footprint of its operations in Metn and to ultimately achieve REP expectations regarding environmental and social performance. Measures to control exhaust emissions, dust and odor emissions, and soil manipulation activities during the execution of work are provided. Moreover, proper measures and guidelines on the control of accidental spills of construction materials are provided including specific/stricter measures to critical segments/stretches of roads (i.e. where roads are crossed or are in close proximity to rivers or particular biotopes). Regarding biodiversity, provided recommendations to guide the project Contractor in reducing the negative impacts on natural habitats and biodiversity are related to activities and waste management. Contractors must be careful so that the direct impacts (direct destruction) on rich ecosystems and associated fauna would be minimal. In other words, waste should not be dumped into the adjacent natural habitats. Soil and water contamination could have irreversible impacts on biodiversity. Finally, activities near dense pine forests with rich understory should be planned carefully and buffer zones must be created if needed. The social risks of this project can be mitigated through periodic monitoring of labor conditions, specific required clauses within contracts that protect workers and the Code of Conduct (CoC) for Gender Based Violence (GBV) issues. This ESMP guides the contractor to preferably hire local workers, not to hire individuals below the legal working age in accordance with the labor law of Lebanon, and ensure proper implementation of the CoC. Further, close coordination with the concerned municipalities is recommended in relation to road obstruction issues and REP GRM must be clearly communicated to all stakeholders during and before project TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-ix - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners implementation. Similarly, Health & Safety (H&S) risks can be mitigated through precaution and control measures including the development of site-specific safety and traffic management plans. Further, the ESMP provides key/measurable project indicators to monitor the detected risks. Project monitoring will be undertaken CDR (i.e. Supervisor Consultant) to ensure compliance and performance. Project progress reports will be prepared by CDR and submitted to the WB for review. Public Consultation The ESMP underwent public consultation with key stakeholders. An inclusive meeting in Metn at Deir Mar Elias Theatre in Antelias on Thursday July 3, had 17 participants, including 2 women, from various backgrounds. They were briefed on project objectives, design, local resources, risks, and mitigation plans, along with the establishment of a multi-channeled GRM in Metn Caza to handle grievances and complaints. The discussion centered on road maintenance, prioritizing international and primary roads due to budget constraints. Municipalities expressed their intent to submit road assessment requests, and positive feedback on phase 1 of REP was received. Attendees were assured that relevant municipalities would be informed in advance of the project's start, and a public notice with GRM procedures would be posted for transparency. QR codes on project signboards would facilitate grievance reporting and resolution as outlined in the ESMP. Project GRM The purpose of a grievance mechanism is to ensure that all feedback and complaints received from stakeholders, employees, contractor staff and the public in general are documented, considered and addressed in an acceptable and timely manner. The REP GRM has been established and is already accessible to communities to send their concerns and complaints. Citizens will be informed about the GRM mechanism before commencement of work through municipalities (i.e. through public announcement letters that will be posted at the public board of concerned municipalities including the number of Contractor’s site engineer to be contacted and also through project sign boards). This multi- channeled GRM has three levels:  Level 1: If any person has any complaint or concern regarding the project implementation, he/she can lodge an oral or written grievance to the site Manager. In case an oral complaint is made, it should be written by the Contractor Social expert. The issue must be resolved within a maximum duration of one week. • Level 2: If the person is not satisfied with the action of the Contractor, he/ she can send the complaint to the PIU social specialist through Phone: 01980096 ext:317, Email: GRM.REP@cdr.gov.lb or official letter registered at the CDR. The issue shall be resolved within a maximum of two weeks. • Level 3: If the person is not satisfied with the decision of the social specialist of PIU, he or she can bring the complaint to the attention of the PIU Director’s Office. Once the PIU Director receives the complaint, it needs to be resolved within a maximum of two weeks. Citizen can also register an official letter at the CDR (Address: Tallet al Serail - Riad el Solh, Beirut – Lebanon). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-x - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners The GRM for internal employees follows a similar structure, but with different contact people for each level. Level 1 involves the health and safety officer and E&S expert, and Level 2 is reported to the PIU Director, with the same one-week resolution timeframe Conclusion Assessments showed that the project risks can be mitigated if the Contractor succeeded in implementing this ESMP in an adequate manner, which documents the project’s risks management strategy. In order to achieve that, CDR has to oversee the implementation of this strategy by the Contractor. Accordingly, if the Contractor succeeded in complying with the WB environmental and social standards and in ensuring a safe operation of activities, the project is expected to enhance the safety conditions of the select roads and most importantly create short-term jobs for the Lebanese and Syrians. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-xi - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 1 Introduction 1.1   Project Background The Lebanon REP is a WB funded project that aims to improve transport connectivity along select paved road sections and create short-term jobs for the Lebanese and Syrians, and support farmers engaged in crop and livestock production. The REP was approved by the WB Board of Executive Directors in February 2017 and ratified by the Lebanese Parliament in October 2018. The Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) is acting as the executing agency on behalf of the GOL and its Council of Ministers (COM). The REP originally had three components. Following its restructuring in March 2021, a fourth component was added to address the impact of the COVID-19 on the agriculture sector. REP components are as follows: (i) Roads Rehabilitation and Maintenance (US$178 million): to finance works and related consultancy services for the rehabilitation and maintenance of about 500 km of primary, secondary, and tertiary roads, including road safety and spot improvements and repair of existing expansion joints on highways; (ii) Improvement of the MoPWT’ Road Emergency Response Capacity (US$4.5 million), especially during climate extremes; (iii) Capacity Building and Implementation Support (US$7.5 million): to build the capacity of Lebanese agencies in planning and managing the road sector; and (iv) Support to farmers engaged in crop and livestock production (US$10 million): to support continued agricultural production and vaccination of animals. Accordingly, the REP ESMF was updated using an Addendum that can be found here https://www.cdr.gov.lb/getmedia/4254c2bd-3c63-4dfc-aeb7-dfb78eaada4f/REP-Component-4- ESMF_Vol-1_for-Disclosure_20210608.pdf.aspx. This ESMP only deals with the first component of REP that aims at (a) rehabilitating, upgrading, and maintaining selected primary (including International Roads/Highways), secondary and tertiary roads, (b) providing technical assistance for the design, procurement, and supervision of said sub-projects, and (c) preparing safeguards instruments for the Project. More specifically, this ESMP that was prepared by Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners, which was assigned by CDR to prepare all the tender documents needed for the rehabilitation and maintenance works of the roads located within Metn Caza under CDR contracts No.20832, covers the new envisaged routine maintenance activities in Lot 15 - Metn Caza. The aim is to manage the environmental and social risks associated with the new addition (i.e. routine maintenance activities in Metn Caza, primarily targeting the maintenance of primary roads/Highways, including the repair of expansion joints of Antelias bridge (BR-5)). Therefore, relevant mitigation measures as well as necessary institutional arrangements were covered through this ESMP Report. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-1 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners It is important to note that REP Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) (https://www.cdr.gov.lb/CDR/media/CDR/StudiesandReports/Roads%20and%20Employment/ ESMF.pdf) which was cleared by the WB and disclosed in April 2018 identified the potential environmental and social aspects associated with the project as well as the recommended respective management and monitoring measures. Furthermore, the project’s Resettlement (RPF) cleared by the WB and disclosed in April 2018 (https://www.cdr.gov.lb/CDR/media/CDR/StudiesandReports/Roads%20and%20Employment/ RPF.pdf) outlined the principles for resettlement impact mitigation as well as the organizational arrangements needed during project preparation and implementation; it also included the compensation measures that need to be implemented for any Project Affected Persons (PAPs) for any possible loss of land, properties or livelihoods. Moreover, 25 site-specific ESMPs were prepared between 2019 and 2020, consulted upon, cleared by the WB and disclosed on the CDR and the WB websites. This includes the Metn - specific ESMP prepared by Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners covering roads that were selected by the Lebanese Government for full rehabilitation works (ESMP for Metn Caza is available on CDR Website via the following link: https://www.cdr.gov.lb/CDR/media/CDR/StudiesandReports/Roads%20and%20Employment/C aza/Metn_Final-ESMP.pdf 1.2 Project Rationale According to Schwab, 2017, in terms of road connectivity, Lebanon ranked 95 and achieved a poor connectivity score index of 48.7 out of 100. As for the road conditions, approximately 95% of the roads are paved but lack proper maintenance. In this context, to deal with increasing safety challenges, the Lebanese Government is implementing REP that among its stated objectives mentioned above, aims to enhance transport connectivity and safety along specific roads. However, infrastructure projects can exert a substantial strain on the environment and natural resources. Only with sustainable practices and proper waste management plans enforced, the burden on the environment can be reduced. Sustainable projects can generally be achieved by considering the environmental impact of the construction process (Hoeckman et al., 2012). Similarly, the socio-economic effects of infrastructure projects can be reduced through transparency and fair compensation processes (Morris, 2007). In this context, this ESMP that covers routine maintenance works in Metn Caza was prepared by Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners for development decision to go hand in hand with environmental and social protection under the requirements of WB OP4.01, that classifies the project as Category B. 1.3   Report Objectives The main aim of this ESMP for Metn Caza, is to stipulate the control measures required to manage and monitor the project environmental, social, and H&S risks in accordance with environmental laws and regulations in Lebanon and the WB guidelines. This ESMP will serve as a practical tool for the project Contractor who is supposed to implement the devised management strategy to (1) reduce the footprint of REP’ operations in Metn Caza TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-2 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners and (2) ensure safe operation of activities and prevent injuries to workers or the public. To reach the above-mentioned objective, the ESMP will: 1. Describe all activities of the project 2. Establish environmental and socio-economic baseline within the study area 3. Identify relevant environmental and social National Legal and Institutional Standards & WB Policies and regulations 4. Conduct an inclusive public consultation session that takes into consideration the views of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) to feed the project design and management plan; 5. Identify potential social, environmental, and H&S impacts associated with the implementation of the proposed project; 6. Propose feasible and applicable mitigation measures for the identified impacts; 7. Develop a plan to monitor the identified impacts and their associated mitigation measures; 8. Guide on creating short term jobs for communities within a gender workforce equality environment; 9. Identify the responsible authorities and assign roles for different organizations in the efficient implementation of this ESMP; 10. Implement a robust GRM that is multi-channeled and fully functional and that is clearly communicated to all PAPs. 1.4 Methodology This ESMP encompasses the planned routine maintenance activities for primary roads and highways in Metn. It was prepared by TIVÈL Consultancy in response to Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners's request and serves as a comprehensive documentation of the project's risk management strategy. This fulfillment of environmental and social requirements aligns with the objectives outlined in component 1 of REP. The methods used for setting the data collection, stakeholders’ engagement, and impact assessment are elaborated in this section. 1.4.1 Collection of Environmental and Social Baseline information Baseline data were collected from field surveys, previously conducted assessments in Metn Caza under REP, and generated GIS maps. Meteorological data, which play a vital role in transport and dispersion of air pollutants, were investigated and collected in shape of a statistical distribution of weather conditions over a period of time. Also, the ambient air quality for the study area was examined to assess the social wellbeing and health status of Metn community. A geospatial analysis was performed to indicate the percentages distribution of geological outcrops and hydrogeological classes at Metn Caza and along concerned highways/primary road alignments. Similarly, a Land Use Land Cover (LULC) analysis was conducted to better understand the percentage distribution of LULC at the Caza level and along road alignments. Results were then compiled with site visit observations. Regarding the social assessment, socio- economic information about Metn Caza was obtained from several national sources, as well as from the Ministry of Social Affairs (MoSA) and previous REP studies for Metn Caza. Finally, a list of main sensitive receptors was generated to better determine the PAPs. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-3 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 1.4.2 Methodlogy for Stakeholders Engagement The Stakeholder Circle methodology (Bourne, 2016) was used for defining the stakeholder community and recognizing the communication needed to influence each stakeholder’s prospects and actions. Stakeholders were first identified, prioritized, and then engaged through directed communication. Emails, letters, and direct phone calls were adopted to personalize the communication with main recognized stakeholders. Finally, a formal invitation letter was sent to all stakeholders in relation to the arranged formal public meeting at Deir Mar Elias Theatre in Antelias on Thursday July 3, 2023. 1.4.3 Methodology for Impact Assessment Impacts were assessed at the Caza level, including the representative roads, for all activities under the scope of work, and worst-case scenario impacts were considered following the grading methodology established by the Lebanese Ministry of Environment, detailed in Decision No 261/1 dated 2015 (refer to classification/grading method in Annex 3). More specifically, knowing that drainage works, pavement repair works, and removal/installation of concrete structures are the riskiest of the whole spectrum of routine maintenance activities (Huang et al., 2009), the “worst-case scenario” impacts were considered. Further, given that impacts are directly affected by the environmental and social conditions of the surrounding environment/adjacent areas to target roads, stricter mitigation measures were provided for segments of roads that are critical in terms of transmissivity, proximity to river, proximity to sensitive receptors, and proximity to critical natural habitats. Based on the above, this ESMP was developed and included a monitoring plan, which is needed to ensure compliance of the project with environmental and social conditions and regulations. Based on the current institutional setup of the Roads and Employment Project, the institutional setup and the requirements for capacity development was described to ensure that project implementers have sufficient technical and human resources available to effectively undertake the environmental and social management and monitoring tasks. 2 Existing Policies, Legal and Administrative Framework 2.1 Legal Framework Similar, to all the developed ESMPs within the REP project, this ESMP is conducted in accordance with the WB Safeguards and national and international laws/regulations that are related to environmental and social impact assessments (namely law 444 for the protection of environment, Laws 77 and 78 in relation to water and air protection, Law 80 and Decree 5605 on solid waste management, and the decisions on environmental standards that are elaborated in section 2.3). REP works contracts must comply with the national law on labor and the ILO obligations, which have been ratified by Lebanon (Penal code decree 340/1943; Labor Law/1946: The Lebanese Labor Code, Law No. 335/2001: Pursuant to the International Labor Organization ILO Convention No 182; Law 400 – 2002: Ratification of ILO convention No. 138, Decree 8987 – 2012; Law 205 – 2020; Law 28/2017, Decree 6940/2020; Decree 8987/2012: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-4 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Prohibition of employment of minors under the age of 18; and Decree 3791/2016: Minimum Wage). Finally, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws must be applied as well to avoid adverse impacts on workers. An overview of the main Lebanese environmental, social, and occupational legislations is provided in Table A in Annex 1. 2.2 Institutional Framework The project is implemented by the CDR in coordination with the MoPWT. The other main national institutions that are in relation to REP include (1) municipalities in Metn Caza that were consulted at this stage of the project and they will supervise projects’ implementation in their municipal territories; and (2) relevant ministries and governmental departments (e.g., Ministry of Environment (MoE), Ministry of Energy and Water (MoEW), Internal Security Forces/traffic department) that must be consulted when needed before and during project implementation in relation to hazardous waste management, water, electricity, and traffic matters (these institutions and their corresponding mandates are presented in Table B, in Annex 1). 2.3 Environmental Standards Environmental standards that must be respected by the project Contractor are provided in this section. The Lebanese wastewater emission standards are less strict than the WB standards, but stricter for ambient air quality and similar for noise. In this context, during works execution, the stricter limits must be followed. Allowable Wastewater Discharge The allowable discharge requirement as specified by WB are presented in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Allowable wastewater discharge levels (WB requirements) Wastewater Effluent Pollutants Threshold Parameters/pollutant WB requirements pH 6–9 BOD mg/l 30 COD mg/l 125 temperature Co - Total nitrogen mg/l 10 Total phosphorus mg/l 2 Oil and grease mg/l 10 Mercury mg/l 0.01 Total suspended solids mg/l 50 Total coliform bacteria (Most Probable Number/100 ml) 400 Air Emissions Targets According to Decision 16/1 dated 2022, the maximum allowable limits for generators with capacity >=200 kW (or >=60 kVA) are shown in the below table. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-5 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table 2-2 Reciprocating engine generator with capacity >=200 kW (or >=60 kVA) Monitoring Maximum Allowable Limits Fuel type Measurement Frequency Parameter (mg/Nm3) Dust 50 - Continuous CO 100 - Mandatory if capacity NO2 2,000 - >=10MW 10 Diesel Optional if capacity SO2 <10MW 750 Other Noise Emissions Targets The expected noise pollution levels should not exceed the values listed in the MoE Decision 52/1 dated 1996. The limited; values are presented in the table below. Table 2-3 Sound pressure limits (MoE Decision 52/1, 1996) Phase Sound Pressure Level dB(A) Working Location (less than 8 working hrs.) 90 Working Location (requires good speech hearing) 80 Therefore, the maximum national standard of 90 (dB) for occupational noise exposure limits should not exceed an average duration of 8 hours working days. If the limits are higher than the acceptable limits, then the exposure duration should be reduced as mentioned in the table below. Table 2-4 Noise exposure limits (MoE Decision 52/1, 1996) Sound Pressure Level dB(A) Exposure Duration (hrs.) 95 4 100 2 105 1 110 0.5 115 0.25 Moreover, the following table indicates the Lebanese noise guidelines in different zones and at different periods of the day. Table 2-5 Lebanese noise guidelines for different zones (MoE 52/1, 1996) Maximum accepted noise level dB(A) Area classification Day1 Evening2 Night3 Residential area with few construction sites, activities or on a 50 – 60 45 – 55 40 – 50 highway Urban residential area 45 – 55 40 – 50 35 – 45 Residential suburb 40 – 50 35 – 45 30 – 40 Rural residential, hospital, public garden 35 – 45 30 – 40 25 – 35 Industrial zone 60 – 70 55 - 65 50 - 60 (1) (2) (3) 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. 2.4 World Bank Policies and Guidelines 2.4.1 Safeguard Policies The ESMP for Metn Caza should comply with the safeguard policy of the WB, specifically, the OP/BP 4.01 regarding Environmental Assessment. The OP 4.01 is triggered as the project could have impacts on the environment due to the maintenance of road infrastructures and associated civil works. Under the requirements of OP4.01, the proposed project is classified as Category B. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-6 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Impacts have no severe effects on the environment and can be mitigated via an environmental, safety, and social management plan. Despite that OP 4.12 was triggered by this project and RPF was accordingly prepared (disclosed on the CDR website), in the context of Metn and in accordance with site specific plans, no involuntary resettlement or land acquisition will take place. In other words, the project will be implemented primarily within the existing “right of way” and there will be no displaced persons by the project activities (this includes local and Syrian refugees). 2.4.2 Access to Information, Consultations and Disclosure Policy The WB allows access to any information in its possession that is not on a list of exceptions. Moreover, transparency is essential to building and maintaining communal dialogue, and increasing public awareness about the WBG’s development role and mission. In this context, a formal consultation process with the public took place during the preparation of this ESMP for Metn Caza (refer to section 7.1). Moreover, this ESMP will be disclosed on CDR’s and concerned municipalities’ website. 3 Description of the Proposed Project 3.1 Project Scope and Location The project comprises routine maintenance activities in Lot 15 - Metn Caza, primarily targeting primary roads, including International roads that range from one lane in each direction with low traffic volume to multiple lanes in each direction with high traffic density, known as Highways (this includes the repair of expansion joints for Antelias bridge BR-5). Secondary roads will be considered if there is sufficient budget. To assess the roads' conditions, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted at the Caza level, focusing on six representative roads and BR-5 as detailed in a separate technical reports prepared by Engineer Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners (refer to Table 3-1 and Figure 3-1). The total length of these roads is around 85.5 km. Table 3-1 Representative roads in Metn Caza Road name Description Classification Road M1 Baabdet- Bekfaya- Delb (9 km) Primary Nahr Al Mot –Al metn Highway-Beit Road M2 Primary Mesik- Atchane (15km) Bteghrine-Wadi el Jamamjem-Baskinta Road M3 Primary (11km) Mkales-El Mansouriyet-Beit Mery- Road M4 Primary Broummana (15.5 km) Dhour El Choueir –Baabdet-Aintoura- Road M5 Primary Tarchich (21 km) Road M6 Daoura-Nahr el Kaleb (sea side)(11km) Highway TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-7 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure 3-1 Metn Caza primary roads TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-8 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure 3-2 Antelias Bridge TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-9 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 3.2 Project Activities The envisaged general roadway repair works within Metn Caza were grouped into incidental repair works, pavement repair works, concrete repair works, and installation of channelizing devices and traffic control devices (Table 3-2). Table 3-2 Envisaged routine maintenance activities for Metn caza Category Maintenance Activity - Incidental  Clearing and grubbing repair works  Repair of damaged manhole covers  Repair of Masonry wall  Cleaning of waterways, hydraulic structures, drainage pipes, and box culverts, - Pavement  Pavement overlay, for a limited area, consists of paving over the existing roadway repair works to cover cracks, fill potholes and increase the strength of the roadway  Shallow patching works, for a limited section, includes removing the existing pavement (milling); generally, between 4 to 5 cm, and paving the area that was milled  Deep patching works, for a limited section, may be needed when the structural integrity of the road is compromised. Including excavation, base course (30 cm), prime coat, asphalt binder course, tack coat and asphalt wearing courses  Crack sealing  Milling & overlay for sunken but stable trench, width less than 1 m including tack coat  Removal and reinstatement of damaged trench width less than 1 m including excavation, base course (30cm), prime coat, asphalt binder course, tack coat and asphalt wearing courses - Concrete  Repair of box culverts, headwalls, concrete channel, concrete safety barrier, repair works retaining walls, and cover channels - Installation  Installation of thermoplastic reflectorized road paint lines including surface of Traffic preparation and removal of existing paint lines (where needed) control  Installation of thermoplastic reflectorized special road marking including speed devices limit marking, cats eye, pavement studs, bituminous speed humps; rumble strips; delineators and makers posts; temporary traffic signs, barricade with flashers etc. - Temporary  Installation and reinstallation of concrete barrier, removable single face concrete Channelizing safety barrier, or removable double face concrete safety barrier. Devices - Repair of Works will be subject to the state of defect which is described based on two folds: existing  In case of slight defect: the repair of existing joints consists of replacing the highway damaged parts of joint and restoring/repairing the deteriorated parts of anchorage expansion systems without full replacement of existing joints. joints  In case of complete defect: the rehabilitation of deck expansion joints includes mainly replacing the existing one by a similar type of joint according to the method statement presented hereafter. The majority of highway joints under this scope of work are reinforced elastomeric joints and the required maintenance works consist mainly of fully/partially replacing the damaged joint with a new one having similar technical specifications. The execution of required works can be classified as a simple maintenance activity that will be carried out with a limited number of labourers (between 5 & 8 workers for each joint bridge), light machine (pick-up truck, bobcat), and in a quick time (not to exceed two weeks per bridge). It will include the following activities: - Install as necessary the temporary signing and channelizing devices for the traffic control plan in the working area. - Remove of the existing expansion joints, all related materials and accessories. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-10 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners - Repairing as required the area below the expansion joint (Utilization of Epoxy mortar for steel anchor). - Install Joint including drill and fixation of anchor bolts by Epoxy resin. - Asphalt Surface from both sides (max. of 1 meter) of the expansion joint as needed. - Clean and fill the transition strip on both sides of the expansion joints. - Remove the temporary signing and channelizing devices for the traffic control Figure 3-2 illustrates the current conditions of Antelias bridge that is under the project scope and the following photos illustrate the methods and the main activities in the maintenance of reinforced elastomeric joints (from other projects similar to this scope of work). Photo 1 Levelling of surface below the expansion joint Photo 2 Joint Installation 3.3 Equipment and Materials/Items Typical equipment used for routine maintenance activities include shovel, grass cutter, wheel roller, crusher, grader, paver, compacting equipment (compactor/roller), milling machines, cleaning machines, lifting devices etc. A typical tabular format, which shows the raw materials and items needed for the routine maintenance activities, is presented in Table E in Annex 1. 3.4 Staffing and Site Facilities Routine maintenance activities are typically of small scale (i.e., activities will occur on a small section of the road), but widely dispersed, and most of them require skilled and unskilled manpower. The number of required unskilled workers (laborers) needed to perform repair works on-site will depend on each maintenance activity and on the timing of works. In this context, and as an indicative number only, the number of workers is estimated to be 20 workers for normal days and can increase to reach up to 30 workers during the peak maintenance period (e.g., before the rainy season. Accordingly, the Contractor will be encouraged to hire laborers from the local community living in the project area (with a balanced distribution between Lebanese and Syrian workers). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-11 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners The Contractor’s skilled labors include environmental, social, and OHS experts who will be responsible of the implementation of this ESMP in collaboration with project manager, site engineers, and site officers. They will also train non-skilled workers on how to follow the safeguards requirements. The Project site will not include labor camps, lodging on site, and repair garages. During the implementation phase, the Contractor will have to rent a flat located in the Project area to serve as a project office. The office will be fully used by the Contractor Engineers, technical skilled workers and the Supervising Consultant. The flat will be equipped with toilet, kitchen (including drinking water and appliances), lockers and other supplies needed for the daily administrative activities. If applicable, the on-site rest point will be decided by the Contractor at the time of works. Finally, the Contractor will have to service the on-site with a portable cabin toilet. The porta cabin will be mobile and its placement depends on the work zone (wastewater management in relation to the porta cabin are provided in Table 5-1). 4 Description of the Environment and Social Context Existing conditions within the area of influence were recorded prior the project implementation. This data was then analyzed for impact prediction and assessment. Baseline data covers the status of the following receptors: air quality, water/soil quality, hydrogeological conditions, climate and meteorology, natural habitats, land-use/land-cover, and socio-economic conditions. 4.1 Physical Environment 4.1.1 Topography Roads under consideration are located in Metn Caza. Primary roads start off at the coast and ascend into the mountains. Attitude approximately range between 2 m to 1477 m. BR-5 is situated at 13 m above sea level with a maximum clear height from ground level of about 7 m, whereas, the variation of surface elevation of representative roads is presented in the table below: Table 4-1 Variation of surface elevation of representative roads in Metn Caza Elevation (m) Road Alignment Min Max Mean M1 782 916 984 M2 4 427 761 M3 823 987 1248 M4 34 479 824 M5 913 1248 1477 M6 2 4 21 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-12 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 4.1.2 Subsurface and Surface Conditions 4.1.2.1 Geological Outcrops In order to obtain a better understanding of the geology in the area, a geospatial analysis (Figure A in Annex 2) was performed to indicate the percentages of geological outcrops encountered at the Caza level. The summary of the geological outcrops exposed in the study are listed and described in Table F in Annex 2. The outcropping lithological formations in and around the study area belong to multiple geological time periods namely, to the Cretaceous (22 %) and Jurassic (45%) geological time periods. The assessment covered as well the percentage of outcrops per road (refer to Table G). For example, Road M1 sits quasi entirely (91%) over a J6 formation whereas Roads M2 and M3, are 86 %, and 80 % over J6 formation, respectively. 4.1.2.2 Hydrogeological Conditions: Geological units can be defined as aquifer or aquiclude in term of storing and transmitting water, and these types depend on the geological environment in which they occur. In summary, in terms of hydro-stratigraphy, the project covers several classes:  Karstic limestone formation represented as 1,2, and 3 in Figure A and described in Table A (in Annex 2): these types of formations are highly susceptible to contamination in the event of mismanagement of generated wastes due to the shallow water table and easy subsurface water flow which enhances spread of contamination when it occurs.  In-porous formation represented as 10,11, and 15 in Figure B these types of formations typically limit subsurface water flow and therefore any contamination that manages to infiltrate to the subsurface is highly unlikely to spread. Similar to the geological analysis, a hydrogeological analysis was done to determine the percentage distribution of hydrogeological classes at the Caza level; where 48% consists of karstic and high transmissivity formations with wide and rich water table. Statistics for each individual road are shown in Table L (in Annex 2). 4.1.2.3 Surface Water The main rivers in Metn Caza are: El Kaleb” river (Nahr El Kaleb), Nahr Beirut and ‘Wadi Antelias. The general surface layout map of Metn Caza is shown in Figure B Annex 2 and in Table J for the representative roads. For instance, the assessment shows that Wadi Antelias is located at distances of 1 meter, 4 meters, and 8 meters from Roads M6, M1, and M2, respectively. On the other hand, Nahr el Kaleb is situated 4 meters away from Road M3 and 20 meters from Road M6. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-13 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 4.1.3 Climate The climate and meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. One of the most significant meteorological parameters that influence project activities is precipitation due to its ability to enhance the infiltration of accidental spills and contaminated maintenance wastewater within the area depending on site operation procedures. The total precipitation ranges between 803 mm at coastal area (lowest point) and 954 mm at mountain (highest point) whereas, the hottest month in the area is August (31.85 oC) and coldest month is January (-1.49 oC) (CHIRPS and MODIS satellites). 4.1.4 Ambient Air Air quality is an essential component in assessing social wellbeing and health status of a community. Atmospheric air quality data was collected from the Sentinel 5P Tropomi Satellite which provides daily near real time data for various gases in the atmosphere. The mean tropospheric NO2 column density was calculated using the Google earth engine code java script editor resulting in Figure C (in Annex 2) which revealed in the mean NO2 values across the border of Lebanon between year 2018 up to end of year 2023. It is clear that the NO2 pollution is concentrated above the Beirut area and decreases when moving east to reach its lowest value in the eastern Bekaa plain. The routine maintenance roads of Metn Caza are overlain as white alignments over the below NO2 map to have an idea of the ambient air quality in the surrounding area. 4.1.5 Land Use /Land Cover A LULC analysis was conducted to determine the distribution of LULC over the whole Caza (% of LULC distribution throughout the Caza are presented in Figure D in Annex 2). Further the analysis determined as well the % of LULC distribution along the representative road alignments with a fixed buffer of 50 m from roads centerlines (refer to Table L in Annex 2). The assessment revealed that 24% of the Caza's Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) is comprised of pine forests. Additionally, 48% of Road M2, 40% of Road M3, 17% of Road M4, and 22% of Road M5 are bordered by either dense or low-density pine forests. Grasslands account for 19% of the land cover, while outcrop areas make up 7%. Additionally, 12% of the Caza's LULC is composed of urban fabric. The remaining land cover includes oak maquis, shrublands, deciduous fruit trees, and agricultural terraces, as detailed in Annex 2. 4.2 Biological Environment A rapid biological assessment was carried out to draw the ecological profile of the adjacent areas to Metn primary roads. The assessment was based on the LULC analysis/map. Results Were then compiled with site visit observations. Potential flora species were also considered in this assessment and their ecological value was based on their local ecological importance (distribution of species and degree of endemism (Tohmé and Tohmé, 2014) and IUCN classification). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-14 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners The project area ranges from the Thermo-Mediterranean near the coast to the Eu-Mediterranean and Supra-Mediterranean at Tarchich level (1477 m absl). The altitudinal range plays an important role in plant composition (Abi Saleh, 1996). Beside observed pine forests that are of significant ecological importance, distinct biotopes were recorded (despite not being in their optimal state), including riparian habitats that serve as excellent refuges for various avian, reptilian, and amphibious species (e.g., observed near Road M3 in proximity to Naher el Kaleb). Oak woodlands (e.g., segments adjacent to Road M2) also feature among these recorded biotopes (refer to Figure E), necessitating protection throughout Lebanon. A comprehensive account of encountered habitats and their corresponding flora is presented in Table M in Annex 2. 4.3 Socio-Economic Condition 4.3.1 General Background Demographics - CAS (2020) data reveals that in 2018–19, Metn Caza represented approximately 10.6% of Lebanon's total population, with about 511,000 residents (excluding Syrian refugees). The population was relatively evenly split by gender, with 51.1% females and 48.9% males. Age-wise, residents aged 25 to 64 years constituted the largest group at 51.5%, while those under 18 accounted for 22.7%, and those aged 18 to 24 comprised 11.8%. The remaining 14% consisted of individuals aged 65 years and older. Notably, Metn boasted a lower age dependency ratio (48.2%) compared to the national average of 53.9%, positioning it as one of the districts with the lowest dependency ratios (CAS, 2020). The average household size in Metn was reported as 3.5 individuals (CAS, 2020). Data regarding Female Headed Households (FHH) in Metn indicated that 18% of households were led by women, while the majority, 82%, were headed by men (CAS, 2020). In terms of headcount poverty, Metn exhibited a lower rate at 11%, in contrast to Lebanon's average of 27% (UNDP, 2008). There is no updated data available concerning impoverished households and individuals with disabilities in Metn. However, it is evident that the economic crisis has disproportionately affected already vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities and those aged 65 and above (ILO, 2021). The number of registered Syrian refugees in Metn stood at 20,237 (UNHCR, 2023). No official Syrian refugees’ camps or tent settlements were observed along assessed roads. Syrian refugees typically reside in concrete buildings within the local communities (including in Metn). There is no updated data on Syrian refugees at Metn level. At the national level, in 2019, 18% of Syrian households were led by women, and 6% by individuals above the age of 59. Moreover, the proportion of households with at least one member having specific needs, such as disability or chronic medical conditions, increased from 64% in 2018 to 70% in 2019 (VASyR, 2019). The vulnerability of Syrian refugees also escalated, with a growing number falling below the poverty and severe poverty lines in 2019 (VASyR, 2019). It is important to mention that, given that Syrian refugees are not living in specific ‘camps’, they are considered as part of the local communities in this assessment. Moreover, the mitigation measures outlined in this ESMP are designed to ensure that the communities around the roads in Metn Caza, including any vulnerable groups such as impoverished households, the TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-15 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners elderly, and Syrian refugees, if present, will not be negatively impacted. The assessment focused on immediate sensitive receptors as specified in section 4.3.2. Connectivity to infrastructure and utilities- In terms of drinking water sources, 83.4% of households in Metn relied on non-piped water supply (CAS, 2020). Only 16.5% of households had access to piped water directly at their residence, while a negligible 0.1% lacked any drinking water facility (CAS, 2020). Almost all households in Metn were connected to the public electricity network, and 95.6% had subscriptions to a private electricity source or owned a private generator (CAS, 2020). Education - Both the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) exhibited a decrease with higher educational levels. In Metn, the GER was 96.6% at the elementary level and 88.3% at the secondary level. The NER was 87% at the elementary level but declined to 69.9% at the secondary level. Compared to the national level, Metn had a higher GER at the secondary level, while the NER was higher at both the intermediate and secondary levels (CAS, 2020). Schooling and illiteracy rate- In Metn, a higher percentage of students aged 3-24 years enrolled in private educational institutions (66.9%) rather than public institutions (28.6%) (CAS, 2020). Several public and private schools are established in the project area such as Betghrine official high school (116 m away of Road M3) and Saint Coeur Dhour Choueir School (572 m away from M5). Encountered schools are reported in section 4.3.2 and in Table N in Annex 2. About one-third of residents aged 3 years and above in Metn (29.2%) had achieved a university- level education or above (CAS, 2020). The illiteracy rate increased with age, with 10.3% of residents aged 65 years and above being illiterate. In contrast, only 1.6% of those aged between 10 and 17 years were illiterate. Illiteracy was more prevalent among women aged 18 years and above, particularly among those aged 65 years and above (CAS, 2020). Road conditions - The roads in El Metn are narrow, damaged and lack proper safety measures, hence increasing the risk of accidents. Such deteriorating roads also hinder the easy access to the rural peripheries by limiting the mobility of the general population. Moreover, the absence of sufficient rainwater collection canals leads to often blocked roads during severe weather, mainly during the winter. Healthcare Sector- The main healthcare centers and hospitals in Metn are: Serhal hospital, Middle East Institute of Health, Saideh hospital, Eye and Ear Hospital International, Centre Hospitalier Beit Chabab, Bhannes hostpital (locaed 60 m way from Road M1), Dahr al Bachek Governement Hospital, BelleVue Medical Center, St. Joseph Hospital (located 165 m away from Road M6), Haroun Hospital (116 m away from Road M6), Hopital AbouJaoude, Bitar Hospital, St. Jean Hospital, Jabal Lebnan hospital, Machrek Hospital (located 300 m way from M4) and Wadih Al Haj Health Center (located 4 m away from Road M3 in Baskinta). 4.3.2 Road Sensitive Receptors Environmental receptors As indicated in the physical and biological analysis, specific road segments have been identified as critical due to their proximity to particular environmental features. These TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-16 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners environmental features/sensitive receptors include rivers, as well as ecologically significant ecosystems/adjacent to roads, including riparian habitats, oak maquis, and pine forests, all of which require preservation: - Wadi Antelias is located at distances of 1 meter, 4 meters, and 8 meters from Roads M6, M1, and M2, respectively. - Nahr el Kaleb is situated 4 meters away from Road M3 and 20 meters from Road M6. - Riparian habitats that serve as excellent refuges for various avian, reptilian, and amphibious species (e.g., observed the above mentioned rivers) – even if not in their suboptimal state - the project should not affect them. - Oak woodlands were observed along some road segments - (e.g., segments adjacent to Road M2) - Pine forests that are of ecological significance were observed along all assessed roads. For instance, 48% of Road M2, 40% of Road M3, 17% of Road M4, and 22% of Road M5 are bordered by either dense or low-density pine forests. Additionally, some roads are deemed critical because they are situated on Karstic formations, which renders the adjacent soils (the receiving environment) highly susceptible to potential contamination. Particular caution is required when conducting operations along Road M1, as it predominantly covers a J6 formation (approximately 91%). Roads M2 and M3 also warrant special attention, as they traverse 86% and 80% of a J6 formation (which is permeable), respectively. This ESMP provided specific measures such as limiting the use of noisy machinery, implementing stricter procedures for handling raw materials, ensuring responsible storage practices, and establishing buffer zones when necessary, especially when roads are in proximity to sensitive receptors. Social receptors Table N in Annex 2 summarizes the nearby sensitive receptors surrounding the main roads in Metn Caza along with their respective distances from the nearest segment of the road. Nearly all assessed roads include segments that are in close proximity to residential buildings, shops (along all roads including BR-5) and churches (e.g., Saint Sarkis and Bakhos church 31m away from Road M1, Our lady of Perpetual help is located 86 m away from M1). Some roads include as well sections that are in close proximity to agricultural terraces and fruit trees (e.g. Road M3 in Baskinta) whereas others are in close proximity to schools (e.g. Bteghrine official high school and Autism school are located 116 m and 135m away from Road M3 and Road M6, respectively) and hospital and medical centers (e.g. Wadih Al Haj Health center is only 4 m away from Road M3 at Baskinta, St Joseph Hospital is 165 m away from Road M6, and Bhannes hospital is 60 m away from Road M1) (refer to Table N, Figure F and Figure G in Annex 2). When sections are at a distance of 50 m or less to or cross the surrounding sensitive receptors special care is needed in case they will be maintained. The Contractor should inform the local community about work schedule and execute the works at a good timing in order not to affect citizen going to church, patients or students to anticipate and avoid obstruction of access. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-17 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Further, coordination with owners of shops and nearby residents need to start before work execution and water spraying is crucial during the execution of works near agricultural terraces to limit impacts on farmers produce. 5 Potential Impacts and Proposed Mitigation measures In this Chapter, the project positive impacts and the identified REP’s potential negative impacts are elaborated along with their correspondent mitigation measures. The impact assessment methodology is described in Annex 4. 5.1 Positive Impacts Potential positive environmental impacts of the routine maintenance activities to be executed in Metn are associated with enhanced road conditions. For instance, improved drainage will 1) decrease blockages and improve proper disposal of surface storm water run-off, 2) improve traffic safety, and 3) control erosion, which in turn reduces the risk of water stagnation which can damage road pavement and is associated with several waterborne diseases and contamination. Additionally, the project will improve the safety conditions of the roads through repair of pavements, safety barriers and retaining walls. Most importantly, the project will create short-term employment opportunities to local residents and Syrian refugees. Considerable additional jobs will also be created in the supply chain industries as well as the engineering and consultancy services. Finally, the project will boost as well economic activities along the active roads, for instance, shops owners will benefit from the influx of labor, and local garages will benefit from increased business in vehicle and equipment maintenance. 5.2 Negative Impacts Potential negative impacts on local environment, communities, and workers are presented in Table 5-1. Impacts were assessed, following MoE grading (refer to Annex 4), for the general routine maintenance activities under the project scope. The worst-case scenario impacts were considered for critical road segments (i.e. segment of roads that are in close proximity to rivers or critical natural habitats or that fall on karstic formation) where impacts are expected to be more significant and accordingly specific mitigation measures are provided. Regarding the social impact assessment, impacts on socio economic conditions of vulnerable groups will be assessed as part of the impacts on the surrounding inhabited areas, as in Metn, displaced Syrians are not living in specific camps, and thus are considered as part of the local communities. Moreover, it is important to mention that maintenance works in Metn will not require land acquisition, therefore, vulnerable groups will not be relocated. Impacts that are expected to be localized and moderate include fugitive dust emission during maintenance work, increase in noise pollution derived from machinery, degradation of water quality, potential damages to existing utilities, and disturbance of local biodiversity. Potential social risks related to the project include nuisance; traffic disturbance; potential labor influx; potential social tensions; increase in GBV risks (mainly SEA and SH); inappropriate labor TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-18 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners conditions; obstruction of temporary access routes to sensitive receptors and road users, damages of public utilities, and others. Further, adverse HS and OHS impacts that are associated with project activities (exposure to physical, chemical, biological hazards and traffic-related accidents) are expected to be of high significance in the absence of an effective Environment Health and Safety (EHS)/OHS management system and TMP or in case of safety gaps (e.g., incomplete risk assessment and lack of safety procedures, training, engineering and administrative controls, emergency preparedness and response plan). 5.3 Environmental and Social Management Plans All identified impacts must be controlled and mitigated as early as possible. Thus, the aim of the management plans is to ensure effective and fast action responses to achieving good environmental, social, and safety performances. In addition to the environmental management plan (Table 5-1) and the social management plan (Table 5-2), a separate OHS management plan was provided in Table 5-3. Both the ESMP and the OHS management plan must be implemented to fulfill REP safeguard requirements. In other words, the Contractor is obliged to implement reasonable precautions to provide a safe environment for the work force and public. Measures to prevent and control occupational and community hazards are provided at this stage of the project. However, an OHS plan, in line with CDR (2007), IFC, EHS/OHS, and OSHA guidelines for construction sites (including site- specific risk assessments), should be submitted by the Contractor before initiating works. The OHS manual plan should at least include the developed measures in Table 5-3 and a comprehensive Job Hazard Analysis (JHA). The results of these analyses should be prioritized as part of an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazard. Finally, measures in relation to traffic management and guidance in relation to the Traffic Management Plan (TMP) that should be prepared as well by the Contractor with special considerations for Highways (to be approved by consultant before commencement of work) are provided along with H&S control measures in Table 5-3. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-19 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table 5-1 Environnemental Management Plan Significance Significance of Impacts of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Before After Mitigation Mitigation Dust Control  During excavation, water should be sprinkled to hamper fugitive dust emissions that could Works with Potential to Cause pollute surrounding water quality. Impacts in case of mismanagement of Construction Solid Waste and Wastewater Management generated waste, improper handling  Excavated soil should be stored and transported offsite to the nearest licensed dumpsite of construction materials, and “due to possible heavy metal contamination. uncontrolled spills and littering:  Pollution of surface water where  During pavement repair works road cross rivers. o Cleared subgrade or reclaimed asphalt must not be disposed into the road adjacent Pavement repair works  Pollution of underground aquifers ecosystems and rivers. specially that mainly all studied o Compacted, unsuitable/degraded materials shall be disposed in a licensed landfill  Excavations and milling can road alignments fall on karst and suitable materials should be sent to facilities to be reused in construction. produce substantial amounts limestone aquifers.  Cleared materials and debris (soil, stones and sticks) should not be neither stored nor of dust and scattered  Increased water turbidity due to disposed into the nearby streams and rivers. Cleared materials should be properly collected pavement materials. the generated dust that can either away from drainage waterways  Pavement repair works will enter water courses when it is  When cleaning hydraulic structures: store wastes collected from cleaning activities of the result in the generation of mixed and directed by rain or it drainage system in appropriate containers or temporary storage sites in a manner that solid and hazardous wastes; can be deposited naturally. prevents discharge to the storm drain. All obstruction materials cleared debris, silt and mainly old asphalt layers,  Pollution of water resources and vegetation must be disposed of to a safe place. crushed sub-base aggregates, soil quality due to improper solvent and oil products etc. management of toxic substances Management of Accidental Leakages/Spills  Accidental spills of (e.g., asphalt layer), inadequate  Accidental leachate during concrete pouring should be immediately cleaned, collected in bituminous materials with disposal of solid waste, debris… an impermeable bag and disposed along the municipal solid waste collection route. construction runoff and  Pollution of water and soil quality  Have a spill response plan in place and spill kits on site. All workers should be trained on storm water might result in due to accidental spills of its implementation. water and soil quality bituminous materials,  Accidental spills of fuel or oil or hazardous materials should be stopped with an available deterioration. chemicals/paint and leachate of Water and soil obstacle. Spill should be cleaned with an absorbent pad or saw dust. Contaminated Project concrete pouring. Medium absorbent and/or soil should be collected in an impermeable bag to be deposed along the Low Quality Contractor Drainage Maintenance  Pollution of water and soil quality existing municipal waste collection route, in the absence of a national licensed landfill for due to improper management of hazardous waste.  Improper disposal of waste the generated domestic solid of removed obstructions, waste and wastewater from the Proper Handling of Construction Materials and Hazardous Waste debris and waste; from porta cabin.  Proper handling of fresh asphalt, slurry, paints, and other construction materials. cleaning hydraulic structures  Deterioration of water and soil  Provide secondary containment when storing hazardous substances in bulk quantities.  Improper disposal of excess quality due to contaminated  All refueling operations shall take place off-site, vehicles should be fueled up before waste during replacement of stormwater runoff with arriving to the road section. drainage appliances bituminous materials, fuel/oil.  Ensure Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of all hazardous materials (chemicals, sealants, patching materials) are present onsite. Installation/removing of road These impacts will adversely affect the  Raw materials should be stored away from watercourses. markings and paintings following Rivers/watercourses: Wadi Antelias that is located at Additionally, when the maintenance works are conducted in close proximity to roads that are in close  Improper storage and distances of 1 meter, 4 meters, and 8 proximity to critical features i.e. rivers, oak maquis, pine forests etc.) the following should be disposal of chemical meters from Roads M6, M1, and M2, implemented: compounds (e.g., paint). respectively.  Clearing and grubbing should be practiced at least 30 m away from the nearest stream or  Spillage of chemical paint Nahr el Kaleb that is situated 4 meters river. substances away from Road M3 and 20 meters  Avoid of use of hazardous materials from Road M6.  Mix hazardous materials at a minimum of 40 meters away from any near watercourse or Installation of concrete barriers and sensitive habitats. concrete repair works  Limit the application of surface treatments to the road surface and avoid over spraying near water courses and at watercourse crossings.  Spills from on-site concrete  Maintain suitable buffers between, material storage and watercourses and sensitive pouring habitats.  Placement of geotextile silt traps as appropriate, especially in areas close to water bodies (when roads are in close proximity to springs and rivers) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-20 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance of Impacts of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Before After Mitigation Mitigation  During installation of concrete barriers and concrete repair works, on-site concrete pouring must be done in a way to avoid leaching in nearby streams and water bodies. Concrete works should be performed at least 40 meters away from nearby streams or sensitive habitats. Control of Stormwater Runoff  In case of temporary storage of excavated materials, accidental contamination or spills of the removed soil should be avoided to limit contamination of storm water runoff and in turn the surrounding streams.  Any stockpiled construction material should be covered with an impermeable layer to avoid contamination of stormwater runoff. Domestic Solid Waste and Wastewater Management  Domestic-like waste shall be removed daily from the routine maintenance sites.  The generated waste onsite should be properly segregated at source into recyclables and organic waste in appropriately labelled waste bins.  The Contractor should link the porta cabin toilet to the existing wastewater network.  In case of linking the porta cabin toilet to a polyethylene storage tank, the following should be done: o A specialized contractor and licensed by the relevant authority (e.g. municipality) should be selected to periodically collect the wastewater from the polyethylene tank. o The tank should be inspected regularly to check for any leakages and to ensure that the generated wastewater is properly collected before it’s full. Timing of Works  Clean drain structures and repair slopes and road shoulders prior to the wet season for easier control of deleterious materials and runoff. If intervention in rainy season is needed, special care is required to allow water away from the road and avoid erosion.  If the schedule requires working in the rain, the work area shall be isolated and appropriate erosion plan must be installed to prevent the release of sediment-laden water and other deleterious substances into watercourses and sensitive habitats particularly for surface maintenance activities requiring the application of patching and sealing component, tar, asphalt, and dust control materials  Excavation of soil may result in disturbance of soil structure and thus may cause an increase in soil  Earth works erosion and release of sediments.  After repairing shoulders, it is important that the side slope is immediately covered with  Cleaning and grubbing This will permanently change the grass turfing. Project Soil erosion  Repair works resulting in structure of the soil and surface Medium Low  When trimming of grass and weeds from roadway it is important to ensure that the grass is Contractor disturbed areas which aren’t geology. not grubbed but only trimmed to avoid erosion of the slopes. properly re-vegetated.  Cleaning and grubbing grass and weeds may result-in erosion of the slopes and removal of vegetation.  Exhaust emissions from vehicles Control of Exhaust Emissions  Excavation and milling transporting workers to/from site works (i.e., buses, mini-vans, cars).  Ensure the maintenance of all construction equipment and vehicles regularly, at least once a month.  Movement of raw materials  Exhaust emissions from power transporting vehicles on generators.  Machinery and equipment should be equipped with air pollution control equipment that Project Air quality High should be monitored regularly to ensure its effective operation. Low unpaved surfaces  Exhaust and dust emissions from Contractor  Unloading of raw materials excavators, paving vehicles  Power generators should be equipped air pollution control equipment.  Open storage of raw (graders, sweepers, dump trucks,  Avoid idling time of machinery. materials asphalt pavers, Control of Dust Emissions compactors/rollers, steel wheel TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-21 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance of Impacts of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Before After Mitigation Mitigation  Disturbances to material rollers, bitumen tanks with  During excavation and dust generating activities, water should be sprinkled to hamper stockpiles by local winds spreaders). fugitive dust emissions. In specific, water should be sprayed on exposed surfaces during and material handling, which  Dust emissions from disturbances dry periods near residents, schools, churches and agricultural lands surrounding the is of great significance to material stockpiles by local roads (refer to Table N in Annex 2). depending on the road winds, material handling and  Ensure that trucks hauling raw materials are properly covered. location. traffic using unpaved roads. The  Ensure that stockpiles of raw materials are always covered  Wind blow during generated fugitive dust will highly  Ensure that all trucks carrying removed materials/waste from construction sites are transportation of materials affect the nearby agricultural covered. by vehicles and specifically lands. when transporting on Additionally, when the maintenance works are conducted in close proximity to critical segments (e.g. unpaved roads near river, natural habitat), the following should be implemented:  Loading and off-loading of raw materials should be performed away from sensitive ecosystems and/or nearby rivers.  Stockpiles of raw materials should be placed at least 50 m away from sensitive habitats.  Odors from asphalt fumes and  Transport trucks, specifically trucks transporting asphalt, are to be tightly covered at all paint can cause unpleasant smells hauling times to reduce as much as possible release of unpleasant odors.  Pavement repair works to the surrounding.  When maintenance activities will be performed in close proximity to sensitive receptors Project Odor  Installation of road marking  Odor emissions might be High (refer to Table N in Annex 2), the community should be informed beforehand regarding Low Contractor and painting generated from mismanagement the expected odor emissions. of solid waste and wastewater and  Ensure daily collection of solid waste from the site and adequate management of the disrupt the local environment. generated wastewater.  Elevated noise levels will mainly result from excavation, pavement and  Regular maintenance of the machinery, equipment and vehicle should be performed to  Heavy and noisy machinery such prevent excessive noise. milling, and concrete as, excavators, bob cat, steel placement, etc.  Appropriate work schedule should be applied to avoid nuisance to the surrounding roller, compressors, pick- up,  Noise and vibration might be receptors. Project Noise dump trucks that generate Medium Low caused by the operation of  Vehicles and equipment that meet national standards for noise and vibration should be Contractor unpleasant noise levels and earth moving and excavation used. disrupt nearby settlements and equipment, concrete mixers, natural habitats.  Avoid noise generating activities near roads surrounded by sensitive receptors (mainly cranes and the transportation road segments that are surrounded by forests) of equipment, materials and workers.  Routine maintenance debris, General Mitigation Measures excavated materials and  During drainage maintenance, culverts should be surveyed for the presence of nesting other used construction communities materials if discharged  Culverts where wildlife have been determined to be absent do not require buffers or directly into the adjacent exclusion practices rivers and valleys.  Prior to grubbing or excavation, the contractor should inspect the working zones for areas  Temporary disturbance of nearby  Wastewater discharge into ecosystems of endangered plant or animal species, Any findings shall be reported immediately the roadside woodlots and  Whenever any vegetation is scheduled to remain in-place, selective clearing techniques  Direct destruction of population riparian habitats can severely shall be employed. All vegetation listed to remain should be marked  Habitat Alteration affect the local fauna and  Contractor's personnel should not damage remaining shrubs, trees or their root systems flora and eventually lead to  Road kills (i.e., mortality due to Project Biodiversity Medium during selective clearing Low vehicular collisions). contractor population destruction.  A waste management plan must be taken to avoid contaminating adjacent natural habitats  Contamination of terrestrial  Contamination of terrestrial habitat due to accidental spills and direct destruction of wildlife habitat due to accidental spill  The generation of emissions  Fauna injuries due to collision Strict Measures Near Critical Habitats: and disturbances such as with machine  In case works will take place near riparian habitats (i.e., when roads cross or are in close noise, dust, and pollutants in proximity to rivers and streams) provide a filter strip between the road and the river/stream adjacent areas’ soil and (e.g., Wadi Antelias, Nahr el Kaleb...etc.). vegetation.  Prevent spillage of construction materials and do not discharge unused or removed  Clearing and grubbing (i.e., materials during maintenance activities into adjacent natural habitats (refer to critical removal within the limits of natural habitats in Table M in Annex 2). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-22 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance of Impacts of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility Before After Mitigation Mitigation working area all vegetation,  Restricting the use of noisy machines and/or adopting noise-reducing means (silencers) for surface debris and scattered construction machines, especially near sensitive areas stones and rocks etc.) could  Washing of vehicles and machinery should be done offsite and away from particular include accidental removal biotopes (wooded lands and riparian ecosystems); of sensitive and protected  In case works will take place along roads that involve oak maquis (e.g., C6) avoid direct species. destruction of reptile communities by creating a buffer zone.  Fauna injuries due to  Road cross-section must be fixed during works to reduce the impact on biodiversity, for collision with machine and example, by flattening side slopes. This makes crossing easier for animals that find roads a vehicles due to increase in physical barrier (WB)- If feasible (in case major maintenance activities will take place at traffic movement roads involving critical natural habitats e.g. segments of road bordering pine forests, oak maquis and riparian habitats). Control of Freshwater Demand  Water will be used for  Dry clean-up methods should replace wet cleaning methods whenever practical (sweeping, domestic purposes, for dust collection vacuum, wiping…etc.). construction activities  Appropriate plastic sheeting or waterproof paper should be used to cover the concrete after (curing of concrete, water curing to preserve moisture and reduce the evaporation that leads to decrease water  During the routine maintenance moisturizing temporary quantities used. Resources works, overconsumption of water Project stockpiles…etc.) and for Medium  Signs near water-using appliances should be installed to encourage water conservation. Low Consumption and energy will lead to Contractor cleaning and dust exploitation of natural resources. Control of Energy Demand suppression.  Energy will be consumed for  Turning off non-used equipment should be done. the operation of vehicles and  Machinery and generators shall be regularly maintained and operated in an efficient equipment. manner.  Vehicles should not be allowed to remain idle for long periods. Table 5-2 Social Management Plan Significanc Significance e of of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility After before Mitigation Mitigation Potential Labor influx and labor induced SEA/SH  Providing workers with the necessary training and awareness raising session on issues regarding SEA/SH, GBV prior to signing the CoC.  Ensuring that workers sign the Code of Conduct (CoC) (refer to Annex 5) that targets GBV risks, specifically SEA induced by labor influx, and penalizes the perpetrators of SEA/SH.  Ensuring that REP established GRM is well disseminated to affected communities (before Socio-Economic Conditions commencement of works) through municipalities public boards, project sign boards, and Community mobile GRM signs.  Ensuring that REP GRM (including the QR code along active roads) is properly functioning  Potential Labor influx to record complaints from the surrounding communities. This will ensure the management  Labor-induced SH and SEA of complaints and the implementation of corrective actions. Project Social Risks All project activities  Traffic disturbance and obstruction of High  Ensuring that training on GBV/SEA are regularly delivered, and REP GRM and the referral Low Contractor access routes to sensitive receptors pathways are functioning.  Disturbance of sensitive receptors  REP GRM specific procedures for SEA/SH, including confidential reporting with safe and  Disturbance of public utilities and ethical documenting of SEA/SH cases must be communicated to all workers. interference with private  The Contractor should employ a social/environmental specialist to supervise the GBV properties/lands issues related to SEA/SH such as supervise signing of CoCs, verify adequate operation of the GRM for SEA/SH etc. Obstruction of access routes to sensitive receptors  Adequate and timely communication with the concerned municipalities and dissemination of project-related work schedule with the surrounding community.  Routine maintenance works should not be performed during peak traffic hours (e.g., works can take place when students are already at school and in a way not to disturb people going TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-23 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significanc Significance e of of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility After before Mitigation Mitigation to church where roads are in close proximity to schools, churches and other sensitive receptors as shown in Annex2).  The temporary traffic control can involve lane width reduction, lane closures depending on the type and duration of routine maintenance activities to be performed. Detours and diversions should be designed and provided as needed to ensure a continuous traffic movement. Traffic control measures will be provided in the project TMP.  Provision of safe passages and crossings for pedestrians namely for roads that involve schools, hospitals, and churches (refer to sensitive receptor map and table in Annex 2) and for farmers when road segment are in close proximity to agricultural lands (refer to LULC maps in Figure F and Figure G in Annex 2). Disturbance of sensitive receptors (noise and dust)  Noise levels and air emissions should be maintained within the national permissible limits and the contractor should be limited to working hours as defined with local municipalities.  Activities should be planned in consultation with the local community so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are planned during periods of the day that will result in least disturbance.  Nighttime activities, if any, should be performed using low-noise technologies.  When performing noise generating activities, the Contractor should inform sensitive receptors such as nearby residences, schools, hospitals, and churches, if they lie in close proximity to the assessed roads, as shown in Table N in Annex 2).  During excavation and dust generating activities, water should be sprinkled to hamper fugitive dust emissions. In specific, water should be sprayed on exposed surfaces during dry periods near schools, churches, and agricultural lands surrounding the roads.  Strict supervision must be applied when roads are in close proximity to the detected sensitive receptors i.e. ensuring that the Contractor will apply the above provided strict measures and that ongoing communication with affected people is being conducted. Disturbance of public utilities and private properties  Pushing excavated materials onto adjacent lands and damaging public utilities or private properties must be avoided through delineation of work areas.  When trimming trees, broken or cut limbs are not to fall on or damage overhead wires.  Avoid damaging any possible existing infrastructure and try to obtain plans prior to commencement of any maintenance works in coordination with the relevant municipalities.  Procedures for rapid notification in the case of disruption of any existing utility  Immediate assistance with re-instatement, and close follow-up with concerned authorities Child Labor  The project should have measures in contracts to ensure that those below the working age are not hired and ensure that labor law of Lebanon is followed.  Labor registry and age verification must be maintained during the whole project through an age verification mechanism to be implemented by the Contractor with documentation and records to be Labor Conditions checked by the supervising engineer (including the continuous ID control).  Penalty provisions should be available for hiring child labor.  Inadequate labor conditions  During the employment procedure, the contractor or subcontractor should abide by the Lebanese All Project activities Law No.0 dated 1946. Project  Workers tension (Syrian/Lebanese Medium Low and the recruitment process Contractor ratio) Inadequate Labor Conditions  Child labor  Safety and protection of workers should be ensured within the contracts provided by the  Under-participation of women contractor.  Appropriate rules and regulations should be implemented in order to ensure the protection of laborers.  Contractors should be forced to abide by the specified Lebanese law determining the minimum wage and minimum working age for children.  Contractor must comply with Decision 29/1 dated 2018 which restricts significant number of jobs TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-24 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significanc Significance e of of Impacts Parameter Activities Impacts Impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility After before Mitigation Mitigation to Lebanese only and allows Syrians to occupy jobs that are not restricted to Lebanese.  Continuous monitoring is required to maintain adequate labor conditions.  Ensure that all workers (locals and foreign, skilled and unskilled) shall be compensated and are contracted equally as per the scale of market price rates, have equal contractual benefits and working conditions, and have access to internal GRM Social tensions and conflict over job-sharing and dissatisfaction with allocation of project- generated jobs.  Clear criteria for job selection and allocation should be adopted accounting for the ratio of Syrian and Lebanese community workers in Metn Caza and types of positions available.  It is important to avoid competition between Syrian workforce willing to accept lower wages and skilled Lebanese labor.  The Contractor should ensure a fair allocation of job opportunities, and most importantly non- discrimination and fair treatment should be ensured among workers (such as equal contractual wages/benefits and working conditions).  Clear communication with all affected workers and good implementation of REP GRM are essential to mitigate the potential risk of social tensions or dissatisfaction among Syrian and Lebanese workers. Under-participation or underemployment or discrimination of women  Setting minimum percentage of women at the employment phase.  The project should ensure that gender equality is attained when it comes to recruitment, salary levels and others.  Promoting the employment of females in appropriate jobs such as managerial or administrative positions. Prior to grubbing or excavation, the contractor should inspect the working zones for areas of archaeological remains. Chance-find procedure:  During excavation (shallow and  All maintenance activities in place of the discovery must cease immediately once discovery deep) and other geotechnical of an archaeological artefact or complex is discovered. Physical works, there is a potential to  Excavation, milling and  The site must be fenced (protected) and authorities (Ministry of Culture / Directorate Project Cultural unexpectedly find and impact Medium Low grubbing. General of Antiquities (MoC/DGA)) must be informed within 24 hours following the Contractor Resources archaeological materials in an national procedures (law 166/LR of 1933 that regulates antiquities and law 37 of 2008 on area not previously known for Cultural properties its archaeological interest.  The area should be secured in order to prevent any destruction or disappearance of the archaeological complexes.  Work should not be commenced without the DGAs’ written decision on how to handle the findings and recommence the work. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-25 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table 5-3 H&S Management Plan (in accordance with IFC EHS/OHS guidelines) – see more details in Annex 7 Significance Significance Health and of Impacts of Impacts Safety Activities Impact before Mitigation Measures after Responsibility Hazards mitigation mitigation measures measures Communication of risk with local community  Placing of warning signs to warn the passing citizens about the potential hazards. Signage should be in accordance with international standards (e.g., OSHA 29 CFR 1910.145) and be well known to, and easily understood by the general public as appropriate.  Restricting access to working sites, through directorial controls and dangerous spots in the working sites such as pits, trenches, etc. must be clearly marked and fenced. Disease prevention  When repairing rain cuts and minor slips, if material was borrowed along the sides of the embankment, it is important to ensure that it does not become a pond of stagnant water where mosquitos can breed, particularly when it is situated nearby human settlements Community  General site hazards Developing a TMP Project Health and  All activities  Disease Occurrence High Low  A TMP must be prepared by the Contractor and approved by the Consultant and PIU before commencement of work Contractor Safety  Traffic accidents to ensure traffic safety (refer to traffic safety section of this table)  The TMP should address the partial closure requirements to limit interference to the traveling public and minimize project-related traffic delay and accidents by applying effective traffic mitigation plans and timely diffusion of information to the community and motorists concerning construction operations. These plans must cover alternative routes when needed and must focus on preventing, minimizing and managing traffic incidents.  The TMP shall be approved by the Consultant prior the execution of work.  A special TMP for highways must be prepared as well and approved by the Consultant, where it is advised to favor non-peak hours.  In case of accidents In case of accidents, the CDR needs to be made aware of the incident within 24 hours of its occurrence, and the Bank within 48 hours Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment  Job Hazards  A JHA must be conducted before commencement of work. The results of the analysis should be prioritized as part of  Workplace/Site Hazards an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazards.  Injuries  Permit to Work (PTW) should be used for Higher Risk activities.  Physical hazards (covering all planned routine maintenance Workplace activities)  Clean eating area, potable water supply, lavatories and showers, first aid kits, lighting, fire detectors and fire-fighting o Noise o Lifting, slipping, electrical, equipment must be provided by the Contractor Metn site office. equipment and working at  Equipment should be adequate for the dimension of the office and the maximum number of people present. height hazards  Fire and emergency alarm systems must be installed. o Vibration and excavation  A person must be appointed to be responsible for the fire protection. hazards  Workstations must be equipped with first-aid stations, rest areas, and eye-wash stations o Vehicle driving & site  Fire extinguishers must be available in foremen cars. Occupational traffic hazard Project Health and  All activities o Environmental hazards High First Aid and Injuries Low Contractor Safety o Culvert–specific hazards  The Contractor should ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. • Confined space  First aid kits must be available at project site office and at foremen cars. • Hazardous atmosphere  One laborer onsite should be appointed to respond to emergency cases. • Culvert collapse  All workers onsite should know where the first aid facilities are located and how to adequately use first aid kits. • Water: High flow rates  A complete list of nearby hospitals, medical centers and emergency contact numbers should be provided to workers can create dangerous at project site offices and to foremen. footing conditions  In case of any severe incidents/accident, immediate reporting to CDR within 24 hours of their occurrence, and the • Animals, particularly bank with 48 hours must be done snakes, in the culvert Special care must be taken: can be dangerous,  If manual methods for removing brush, and other vegetation are labor-intensive and require close supervision to ensure especially if trapped good production and worker safety. • Entrapment: Deep mud  In order to avoid serious physical injury or equipment damage when debris being cut by a machine shatters and flies can entrap personnel in unpredictable directions. walking through it Communication of Hazard TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-26 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance Health and of Impacts of Impacts Safety Activities Impact before Mitigation Measures after Responsibility Hazards mitigation mitigation measures measures o Working with precast Area signage and labelling of equipment concrete elements -specific  Hazardous areas (e.g., storage and excavation areas), installations, materials, and emergency exit, etc. must be marked hazards appropriately. • Incorrect loading and  All containers that may contain substances that are hazardous must be labeled as to the contents and hazard (i.e., based unloading methods: on MSDS), or suitably color coded. Copies of the hazard coding system must be posted outside the storage area where High-risk activity they are likely to come to the attention of safety personnel. (serious injuries)  All energized electrical devices and lines should be marked with warning signs. • Uncontrolled collapse  Machines with moving parts must be turned off, all electrical devices must be marked with warning signs. of elements  Warning signs (danger/caution signs, general safety information signs, emergency and direction signs) must be • Incorrect lifting and/or installed at sites, offices, parking/storage areas as needed. unsafe lifting equipment Site security • Poorly secured loads  Communication of risks to workers must be implemented. • Inappropriate or  Signage should be easily understood by workers. unstable work areas for  Good house-keeping practices (e.g., placing loose construction materials in established areas and properly managing cranes generated wastes)  Chemical hazards Training o Exposure to toxic,  Ensure that all workers are given proper site-specific instructions on OHS prior to commencing work. The OHS corrosive, sensitizing or training should consist of hazard awareness and control measures. oxidative substances.  Provide specialized trainings for supervisors of High-Risk activities to enhance personal safety (e.g., for people o Exposure to asphalt fumes is linked to breathing working at height, supervisor must be assigned and trained on risk assessment, inspection of scaffolds according to CFR 29 OSHA Part 1926 standards (SCF) and for basic fall arrest and basic rescue). problems, and skin irritation (Norseth et al,  Trainings on PTW must be conducted to all workers participating in the job. 1991).  First Aid Training must be delivered to workers by a certified trainer from Red Cross to help them learn to be more  Biological hazards conscious of safety on site and how to deal with accidents occurrence in a proper way. o Covid-19 spread/ labor- intensive project Physical hazards Noise  Workers should not be exposed to a noise level greater than 85 dB (A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection.  Limiting the duration of noise exposure (e.g., for every 3 dB (A) increase in sound levels, the allowed exposure period should be reduced by 50 percent). reference  Periodic medical hearing checks should be performed on workers who are exposed to high noise levels. Working at Height  Working at height: Scaffolds inspection according to the OSHA standards  Fall prevention and protection measures should be implemented, such as the installation of guardrails with mid-rails and toe boards at the edge of any fall hazard area  Train supervisors and workers for basic fall rescue Safe tree branches removal  Ensure all ladders or scaffolding used in tree branch removal are securely fixed and one worker is holding the ladder while another worker is climbing up and cutting the branches.  When using the rope to remove branches from tree, ensure that the length of the rope is longer than the height of the tree. Electrical, lifting, slipping, and equipment hazards  Checking all electrical cords, cables and hand power tools for frayed and exposed cords and following manufacture recommendations for maximum permitted operational voltage.  Protecting power cords and extensions from physical damages like getting wet from rain.  Train all workers on proper safe lifting technique (namely for lifting concrete elements). TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-27 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance Health and of Impacts of Impacts Safety Activities Impact before Mitigation Measures after Responsibility Hazards mitigation mitigation measures measures  Assess thoroughly the work area in order to identify areas at high risk for slip, trip, and fall injuries and control it; conduct regular inspections on general cleanliness, spill response, and the effectiveness of cleanings;  Turning off or disconnecting machinery with exposed moving parts. Working with precast concrete – specific hazards (OSHA standards)  The lifting hardware must be capable of supporting at least 5 times the maximum intended load  No employee shall be permitted under precast concrete elements being lifted  Use of tag lines to eliminate potentially hazardous situation Exposure to vibration  Installation of vibration dampening pads or devices.  Limiting the duration of exposure. Exposure levels should be checked on the basis of daily exposure time and data provided by equipment manufacturers. Excavation hazards (IFC OHS guidelines):  Controlling site-specific features which may contribute to excavation slope instability (e.g., use of excavation dewatering, side-walls support, and slope gradient adjustments that minimize the risk of collapse and entrapment).  Providing safe means of access and egress from excavations, such as graded slopes, or ladders. Vehicle driving and site traffic hazards (IFC OHS guidelines):  Training and licensing vehicle operators in the safe operation of specific vehicles  Ensuring drivers undergo medical surveillance (regular request of medical checkup reports including drug test for truck and heavy machinery drivers).  Establishing rights-of-way, site speed limits, vehicle inspection requirements, operating rules and procedures, and control of traffic patterns.  Implementation of traffic control procedures (e.g., application of traffic control devices and assigned traffic control people).  Traffic control procedures must be communicated to workers prior to starting work and used for toolbox safety meetings. Environmental Hazards  Care should be taken when cleaning culverts because snakes can be present.  Workers when undertaking routine maintenance activities (e.g., clearing and grubbing) can be exposed to bite and stings. Culvert-specific hazards  Permit-required confined space entry procedures (as specified in OSHA CFR 1910.146) should be followed for culverts. These procedures include: o Workers shall be trained in confined space entry procedures. o Entry hazards shall be evaluated and workers shall be informed of these hazards. o Before and during culvert entry, the atmosphere should be tested for oxygen content and flammable gases. o At least one assistant should be available outside the permit space into which entry is approved for the duration of entry operations. o Forced ventilation should be supplied if needed. Chemical hazard  All workers should be responsible for understanding the MSDS for any chemical that they may be exposed at the construction site (toxic, corrosive, sensitizing or oxidative substances).  All workers should handle hazardous materials properly, clean up any spills that occur.  All workers must wear proper PPE at all times. Hazard associated with working with Asphalt  The application temperature of heated asphalt must be kept as low as possible. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-28 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance Health and of Impacts of Impacts Safety Activities Impact before Mitigation Measures after Responsibility Hazards mitigation mitigation measures measures  Worker exposure to asphalt fumes and asphalt-based paint aerosols must be minimized.  Recommended PPE when working with asphalt are respiratory protection/ chemical goggles, loose clothing with closed collars and buttoned cuffs, thermally insulated gloves with gauntlets that extend up the arm, safety shoes at least 150 mm high and laced.  Long handled sprayers with flexible hoses should be used when emulsified asphalts are applied by hand for tack coats. Hazardous materials plan  The containers of hazardous substances shall be placed in a leak-proof container to prevent spillage and leaking (e.g., banded-container). Secondary containment system must be free of cracks and able to contain the spill.  Any leaking containers must be removed immediately from the site and appropriate remediation measures must be undertaken on resulting contaminated areas.  Chemicals should be managed, used and disposed, and precautionary measures taken as required MSDS.  Workers who may be in contact with such products must be trained on their handling and toxicity.  Hazardous material containers must be kept in designated storage areas. Biological Hazards Covid-19 measures  Specific posters, signs and kits in relation to Covid-19 must be available at offices and working zones.  All workers should keep proper spacing of at least 1.5 m.  All workers should wash their hands often and clean them with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains 60 to 95% alcohol  All workers should wear a facemask at all times.  All workers should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when they cough or sneeze.  All workers should avoid sharing personal items. PPE  Selection of PPE should be based on the hazard and risk ranking.  Correct use of PPE should be part of the OHS training program for employees.  Ensure that workers wear PPEs all the time during working hours.  Specific PPE should be used when handling corrosive or poisonous substances and working with asphalt (NIOSH, 2003) including thermally-insulated gloves to keep asphalt from burning or irritating the skin; steel-toed safety shoes; a face shield with the safety glasses.  Ensure proper maintenance of PPE, including replacement when damaged. Community  Signs, barriers and traffic diversions signs (vertical signalization and signs at the beginning of work zone) should be placed prior the working zone to inform the public that routine maintenance activities are taking place.  Protection screens should be mounted on the concrete barriers delineating the work zone boundaries to avoid the drivers’ distraction with the routine maintenance activities, to reduce the dust and noise resulting from these Traffic activities and prevent anyone from entering the work site. Safety:  All activities  Advanced warning and regulatory signs should be installed prior and along the work zone. The signs should be Community  Increase in movement of heavy placed at decision-making points on routes approaching the construction site and detour to inform motorists about that will affect and Workers vehicles for the transport of alternate routes to avoid the constructions works. traffic (in construction materials and Project movement High  Advisory speed limit signs should be placed in advance or the reduced speed zone to inform the drivers about any Low accordance equipment may increase the risk of Contractor with  Transportation driving speed changes. traffic-related accidents and injuries of raw  Installation of signs to ensure access to nearby facilities. CDR/WB to workers and local communities. guidelines on materials  Pedestrian safety must be ensured namely children if the school is in the vicinity. TMP)  Traffic should be allowed only in the lane not being sealed. Car must go in a direction opposite of the seal coat operation. This prevents cars being turned on freshly placed seal coat. Some emulsions may require up to 24 hours of traffic control or until the first sweeping occurs.  Temporary traffic control schemes must be removed after completion of the construction activities that can mislead the drivers. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-29 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Significance Significance Health and of Impacts of Impacts Safety Activities Impact before Mitigation Measures after Responsibility Hazards mitigation mitigation measures measures Workers  Regular traffic safety training sessions must be delivered to workers.  Safe movement and working environment for workers must be provided (e.g. temporary traffic barriers should delimitate the work zones to protect the workers from any errant vehicle). The concrete barriers should be flared to the clear zone outer edge to avoid any vehicle head-on collision with the upstream barrier.  Entrance and exit gates should be provided to allow the access of workers, trucks and other construction equipment.  All routine  The traffic management plan shall be implemented, as first stage before starting works. maintenance  During the execution of maintenance works including the repair of joints, the traffic shall be diverted to the activities on edge lanes or to service lanes in a safe manner, ensuring the continuity of traffic circulation with an acceptable Road users highway  Routine Maintenance on highway flow Project and Nearby High Low  Repair of and the repair of expansion joints o If joints will be repaired during daytime, the implementation of traffic management plan will divert Contractor communities existing the traffic to the edge lanes or to a service lane since traffic flow is low. expansion o If joints will be repaired during night time, although traffic volume is low at night, the TMP will include joints measures to alert road users of any detours or diversions in a clear visible manner. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-30 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 6 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plans Monitoring aims to ensure that all project activities undertaken are environmentally and socially sound, while considering the mitigation measures provided in this ESMP. It does so by defining a clear set of measurable indicators in an attempt to properly evaluate the project’s performance and compliance with WB safeguards. These indicators can then be used to assist in the early detection of non-compliances. This allows the involved parties to take corrective measures and limit any unsatisfactory performance if such a case arises. It also allows them to accurately communicate the performance and compliance of the project with REP proponents. 6.1 Institutional Setup During the routine maintenance work, the Contractor would be the primary actor; ensuring compliance of works with the different items specified in the management plans. Accordingly, the Contractor will be supervised by several entities appointed by CDR (executor of REP on behalf of MoWPT) through weekly and/or monthly reports (sent by the Contractor) and site visits, ensuring and enforcing mitigation measures. In order to achieve proper management and monitoring, a clear, functional institutional structure was defined (refer to Figure 6-1). The project will be monitored by CDR Project Implementation Unit (PIU) dedicated to REP, which includes social, environmental, and H&S specialists through the assigned Supervising Consultant who will directly oversee the Contractor and report to the PIU. More specifically, PIU will be responsible for providing the overall plan direction and validation of management plans and monitoring of compliance and progress reporting to the WB. The assigned Supervising Consultant will be in charge of ensuring sound application of the ESMP and report to PIU. Accordingly, in practice the Supervising Consultant will have to appoint qualified experts to directly supervise and guide the Contractor team and ensure project compliance. Finally, the main concerned municipalities will be involved in managing and communicating citizen’s potential complaints to the CDR (PIU). Figure 6-1 Institutional setup Government of Lebanon Ministry of Public Works & Transport Council of Development World Bank & Reconstruction Road & Transport Department Project Implementation Unit Supervising Consultant Contractor GRM Local Community TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-31 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 6.2 Capacity Building In order to ensure safeguard procedures, instruments and monitoring needs of REP are well understood by the Contractor staff, CDR (i.e. Supervising Consultant) will ensure that skilled and unskilled workers receive trainings covering environmental; social (including SEA, CAE, GBV, GRM, Coc), and OHS/First aid issues/requirements before initiation of works. These trainings aim to familiarize the Contractor’s staff on REP safeguards management and monitoring requirements as specified in this ESMP. Further, refreshers and specialized training sessions must be conducted at all times during the implementation of the project. In practice, before commencement of work, the Contractor must develop a tailored training / capacity- building plan, covering OHS and E&S issues, that aligns with the planned specific maintenance works and road location. Accordingly, the plan, agenda and training materials need to be submitted to the Supervisor engineer for review and approval. 6.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plans Implementation Contractors’ experts and officers and the Supervising Consultant’s safeguard expert will monitor the developed key indicators to ensure the implementation of this ESMP. Compliance monitoring involves visual observation/inspection, interviews with employees and external stakeholders, measurements and inspection of equipment, document review, and assessment of activities and parameters (Table 6-1). This will allow detecting, reporting, and correcting the non-compliances. More specifically, the Supervisor Consultant must ensure that (1) Contractor staff are receiving safeguard trainings and signing CoC, (2) Contractor is filling out (a) workers’ registration and muster roll sheets; (b) complaints, and (c) environmental & OHS forms (e.g., incident forms, waste log, traffic inspection checklists, training records, equipment inspection checklists etc.) which shall be reported in the monthly progress report (3) Contractor is not hiring underage labors (age verification mechanism-regular inspection of workers IDs). The Supervising Consultant must also inform CDR/WB on any severe accident on-site. Finally, ministries (e.g., MoE, MoA, MoC/DGA etc.) would also be expected to follow up, if deemed necessary, on the proper implementation and abidance by the relevant laws and regulations. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-32 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table 6-1 Environmental, Social, and H&S Monitoring Plans Standard/Guidelines Monitoring Institutional Approximate Cost Impact Parameters to Monitor Frequency Monitoring Location Monitoring Method National/International Responsibility Follow-up (USD/year) Environmental Monitoring Plan Decision 16/1 dated 2022  Single point sampling (at one Particulate Matter (PM<10) 50 Air PM2.5-10, SOx, NOx, O3, Measurement (upon  Construction vehicles quarter the diameter across the mg/Nm3 Supervising Emissions/GHG/ CO,Total Suspended complains exhaust stack/source) CDR (PIU) (1,500 per test) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 10 mg/Nm3 Consultant Dust Particles (TSP) Visual (weekly)  Working sites for dust  Visual opacity Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 2,000  Smoke inspection mg/Nm3 Continuous during the  At the working site, execution of noisy especially near loud Decision 52/1 dated 1996 and Noise Levels (Lmin, Lmax, operation machinery and  One sample per location (near Supervising Included in Routine Noise international standards when more CDR (PIU) and Leq) (measurements to be excavation sites sensitive receptors) Consultant maintenance Cost stringent (refer to section 2.3) conducted upon  Near sensitive complains) receptors  Polyethylene storage tank (in case porta  Visual inspection ensuring no Lebanese and International Supervising Included in Routine WW Generation Domestic-like wastewater Monthly cabin toilet is not CDR (PIU) leaks from tank standards (refer to section 2.3) Consultant maintenance Cost linked to WW network)  Around the Routine Number of spills/leaks (of Continuously-during maintenance site, Supervising Included in Routine Accidental Releases lubricants, oil, fuel, or other the execution of especially near  Visual inspection N.A. CDR (PIU) Consultant maintenance Cost chemicals) maintenance activities equipment, material, and storage tanks  Solid Waste Solid Waste storage, Collection and transport of Continuously-during Collection Point  Visual inspection Supervising Included in Routine transport, and the generated waste to the the execution of N.A. CDR (PIU)  Storage areas  Review of solid waste log Consultant maintenance Cost disposal designated site. maintenance activities  Transport trucks Biodiversity Monitoring When maintenance Biological Ecological audit for activities will occur  Riparian habitats  Samples and photos per Supervising Included in Routine N.A. CDR (PIU) Resources particular biotopes near critical natural  Forests and woodlands location and GPS point Consultant maintenance Cost habitats Social Monitoring Plan  Signed CoC  CoC signed by new  Number of workers trained Before commencement workers of works or every time  Training attendance sheet Supervising Included in Routine  Delivery of induction  At site office N.A. CDR (PIU) a new worker is  Interview with workers Consultant maintenance Cost SEA/SH training (including GBV) recruited  Review of received GBV- related grievance  GBV-related internal Upon grievance  At routine  Received complaints and Supervising Included in Routine N.A. CDR (PIU) grievances occurrence maintenance site GRM records Consultant maintenance Cost  Number of related Social Tensions and grievances Continuously-during  Received complaints and  At routine Supervising Conflicts over Job-  Percentage of workers the execution of records N.A. CDR (PIU) - maintenance site Consultant Sharing (based on gender, maintenance activities  Check workers ‘sheets nationality)  Type, location, and Before and during the Obstructing Access duration of amenity to  At routine  Visual inspection Supervising Included in Routine execution of N.A. CDR (PIU) to Amenities which access was maintenance site  Complaint records Consultant maintenance Cost maintenance activities obstructed  Labor’s wages and  Review workers’ complaints working hours records Supervising Working conditions Monthly  Laborers’ contracts Lebanese Labor Law dated 1946 CDR (PIU) -  GRM in place  Interview with workers Consultant  Grievances recorded  Labor law verification TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-33 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Standard/Guidelines Monitoring Institutional Approximate Cost Impact Parameters to Monitor Frequency Monitoring Location Monitoring Method National/International Responsibility Follow-up (USD/year) Continuously-during  Labor registry  At routine Supervising Child labor  Labor’s age the execution of  Government-issued IDs and Lebanese Labor Law dated 1946 CDR (PIU) - maintenance site Consultant maintenance activities Badges (age verification) Underemployment  Percentage of female Supervising Monthly  At site office  Labor registry N.A. CDR (PIU) - of Women employees in workforce Consultant  Internal and external Upon grievance  At each routine Supervising Included in Routine Other Grievances  Complaints records N.A. CDR (PIU) grievance reports occurrence maintenance site Consultant maintenance Cost Safety monitoring Plan  Regular OHS- training- OHS – verifying Continuously-during  Attendance sheet training logs (covering  At routine Supervising Included in Routine the execution of  Employee records N.A. CDR (PIU) all OHS matters) maintenance site Consultant maintenance Cost maintenance activities  OHS incident form  Total number of work injuries  Recorded incidents including near misses  Availability of safety barriers along the concerned road segment  Availability of OHS procedures onsite (JHA,  Review of OHS records work permits...etc.) (inspection reports, follow-up OHS  Presence of qualified reports, incidents, and training WBG OHS guidelines for OHS officer and construction sites records) CDR OHS guidelines foremen onsite Continuously-during  At routine  Review of covid-19 checklist Included in Routine OHS national laws/decree Supervising  Ensure use of PPE the execution of maintenance site (reported cases) CDR (PIU) Lebanese Traffic Law 243 dated Consultant maintenance Cost  Availability of fire maintenance activities office  Inspection of driving license, 2012 (licenses requirements) extinguishers onsite drivers’ medical checkup MoPH guidelines/measures in  Good housekeeping reports, and drug tests relation covid-19 onsite  Review of traffic inspection  OHS-related internal checklists grievances recorded  Covid-19 precaution measures in place  Traffic violations and accidents recorded (number of accidents)  Safe traffic flow on roads under maintenance in accordance with TMP  Availability of adequate safety and warning signs and restricted access measures Continuously-during  Availability of Flagmen  At routine Supervising Included in Routine Traffic Hazards the execution of  Visual inspection N.A. CDR (PIU0  Availability of maintenance site Consultant maintenance Cost maintenance activities appropriate safety barriers  Availability of TMP onsite, where (fully implemented)  Availability of qualified Traffic Safety officer onsite, TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-34 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Standard/Guidelines Monitoring Institutional Approximate Cost Impact Parameters to Monitor Frequency Monitoring Location Monitoring Method National/International Responsibility Follow-up (USD/year)  Availability of logs and records of traffic incidents...etc. Other Impacts – Monitoring  Type, size, and number Continuously-during Damage to existing  At routine Supervising of damaged the execution of  Visual inspection N.A. CDR (PIU) - infrastructure maintenance site Consultant infrastructure entities maintenance activities  Possible archaeological features found during the works  ID and photographic records of Risk on cultural  At routine Supervising  Adequate Upon discovery all archaeological features Lebanese Antiquity Law No. 166 DGA - resources maintenance site Consultant implementation of the found during the works archeological chance find procedure. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-35 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 6.4 Documentation and Reporting Monitoring yields lots of data regarding project performance. As a result, proper documentation is necessary for two reasons: first to prepare and send performance reports to the concerned parties and second to analyze the acquired data and implement changes when necessary. In this context, monitoring reports will take place as described below.  Contractor’s experts submit compliance reports to the Supervising Consultant on a monthly basis including completed workers’ sheets, GRM log, and environmental and OHS forms - these forms should encompass a wide range of information, including but not limited to: Environmental, Social, and OHS indicators that have been monitored since the last monitoring visit; details about the condition of the workstations; Information about the prevailing weather conditions during the reporting period; Photographic documentation to visually support and illustrate the reported information. This is to provide a comprehensive view of the project's compliance with environmental, social, and OHS standards, as well as the conditions at the work site.  The Supervision Consultant experts review and approve contractor reports and submit them to PIU on a monthly basis.  PIU submits environmental/social progress as part of their quarterly project progress reports to the WB on a quarterly basis. All incidents must be recorded and reports in the regular monthly progress reports. In case of severe incidents (e.g. fatality on site) immediate reporting within 24 hours to CDR and within 48 hours to the WB must be done. 7 Consultation, Disclosure and GRM 7.1 Public Consultation The public participation meeting was held at Deir Mar Elias Theatre in Antelias on Thursday July 3. Invitations were sent by the consultant on behalf of CDR to concerned municipalities and NGOs through official letters. A sample of the invitation letter is attached in Annex 7. Invitations were sent to the concerned parties at least one week in advance from the meeting date. The number of attendees was 17 of which 2 were women. Invited local NGOs include Yasa, Amel Association, Fifty-fifty, Women in front, Antelias ‫ﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬, Frontier s rights. As for international NGOs, ACTED, ANERA, and DRC were invited. Out of the invited NGOs, only YASA attended the meeting Details in relation to invited NGOs are presented in Annex 8. During the meeting, attendees were informed about the project objectives, the identified natural, economic, and social resources of importance in the area, the project’s possible environmental and social risks and the planned mitigation measures. The consultant explained as well that a multi-channeled GRM was established for REP project in Metn Caza to register and address grievances and complaints from all project stakeholders. REP GRM was disseminated, and it was explained that for each worksite, a QR code will be added on the project sign board (which includes the project GRM and the online feedback form TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-36 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners before the commencement of work). This will ensure addressing/responding to grievances and reporting to stakeholders as indicated in the ESMP (all complaints will be individually followed up). The discussion primarily focused on the road selection process for routine maintenance activities, including the potential inclusion of non-primary roads in the scope of work. Participants emphasized the urgent need for maintenance on secondary roads, especially in small municipalities, and sought assistance in this regard. Considering the constraints of limited funds, the Consultant clarified that international and primary roads would be given higher priority. The Ministry of Works and Transportation (MoWT) will collaborate with CDR to select the roads for maintenance. The MoWT provides a list of candidate roads to CDR, who will assess their eligibility for routine maintenance activities, with the Consultant Engineer undertaking the eligibility assessment. Municipalities expressed their intention to submit request letters for the assessment of specific roads to both the Consultant and the MoPWT. During the public participation meeting, some municipality representatives shared letters related to their requests. Annex 8 of the ESMP contains received letters requesting the inclusion of specific roads in the project's scope (letters received from Zabougha and Atchaniyeh municipalities). The Consultant engineer will assess the potential for including the requested roads based on these letters as explained to the attendees. Mekhtaret Fraike, who attended the meeting, provided positive feedback about the execution of works during REP phase 1 in Metn. She expressed as well her desire to include a secondary road in the REP routine maintenance scope of work. Finally, the Consultant explained that after roads are determined for routine maintenance activities, all relevant municipalities will be informed beforehand, prior to the commencement of works, about the Project. Additionally, a public notice will be posted at each relevant municipality, including the GRM procedure, to ensure transparent implementation of the Project's activities. 7.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) A multi-channeled GRM was established for REP project in Metn Caza to register and address grievances and complaints from all project stakeholders. Anonymous grievances will be addressed in both GRMs for communities and workers. The maximum anticipated time needed to close a GRM case is 45 days. 7.2.1 GRM for Surrounding Communities The REP GRM has been established and is already accessible to communities to send their concerns and complaints. Citizens will be informed about the GRM mechanism before commencement of work through municipalities (i.e. through public announcement letters that will posted at the public board of concerned municipalities including the number of Contractor’s site engineer to be contacted and also through project sign boards). REP GRM levels are as follows and the schematic illustration is shown in Annex 5: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-37 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners  Level 1: If any person has any complaint or concern regarding the project implementation, he/she can lodge an oral or written grievance to the site engineer. In case an oral complaint is made, it should be written by the Contractor Social expert. The issue must be resolved within a maximum duration of one week. • Level 2: If the person is not satisfied with the action of the Contractor, he/ she can send the complaint to the PIU social specialist through Phone: 01980096 ext:317, Email: GRM.REP@cdr.gov.lb or official letter registered at the CDR. The issue shall be resolved within a maximum of two weeks. • Level 3: If the person is not satisfied with the decision of the social specialist of PIU, he or she can bring the complaint to the attention of the PIU Director’s Office. Once the PIU Director receives the complaint, it needs to be resolved within a maximum of two weeks. Citizen can also register an official letter at the CDR (Address: Tallet al Serail - Riad el Solh, Beirut – Lebanon). All complaints will be individually followed up on and documented accordingly in a GRM log. The designated person at each level should report to the PIU on the number and subject of new complaints received, and the status of the already existing complaints, if any (i.e. the Contractor social expert will report to the Supervising Consultant expert who will report monthly to the PIU (CDR) who will, in turn, submit the consultants’ monthly reports to the WB).The Complaints Register form or GRM log (refer to Annex 6) includes details/ nature of the complaint, the complainant’s name and their contact details, date, corrective actions taken in response to the complaint. Finally, an online form has been designed using the IMPACT platform to allow citizens to share their feedback (https://cdr.impact.gov.lb/worldbankmobile/home/main?lang=en). The link was shared with concerned municipalities and NGOs during the public participation meeting. It was also clarified that for each worksite in Metn a link to the form will be shared with the local communities via location-based SMS, email and social media. At each worksite, a QR code will also be added on the project sign board (which already includes the project GRM) to automatically direct participants to the online form. 7.2.2 GRM for Workers Similar to the GRM for surrounding communities, a GRM for internal employees, namely the labors onsite are also necessary. It aims to allow labors to report any wrongdoings in their favor or important concerns they might have. Workers must be informed about this GRM before commencement of works through induction training (refer to section 6.2). This internal GRM is similar in nature to the one previously discussed (in terms of accessibility, reporting means, etc…). The only main difference is the contact people for each level. In this context, the first level involves reporting to the health and safety officer and the social expert and has a duration of one week. The second level involves reporting to the PIU Director and should be resolved within one weeks. It also follows the Complaints Register form (refer to Annex 5). 8 Conclusion Assessments showed that the project risks are localized, moderate, and can be mitigated if the Contractor succeeded to implement this ESMP, which documents the project’s risks management strategy. In order to achieve that, CDR (i.e. the Supervising Consultant) plays a major role in assisting and supervising him during project implementation. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-38 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Most importantly, this ESMP guides the Contractor on critical road segments that need special care if they are to be maintained. Noting that local communities were engaged at this phase of the project. However, engaging stakeholders including local and regional (when needed) communities is a continuous process that needs to be effectively adopted by the Contractor. Finally, if the Contractor succeeded in complying with standards and in ensuring a safe operation of activities, the project is expected to enhance the safety conditions of the concerned roads and most importantly create short-term employment opportunities to local residents and Syrian refugees. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-39 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 9 References Bourne, L. (2016). Targeted communication: The key to effective stakeholder engagement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 226, 431-438. CAS (2020) Labour Force and Houshold Living Condition Survey 2018-2019 – Metn Caza Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR). (2007). Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations. Beirut, Lebanon. Huang, Y., Bird, R., & Bell, M. (2009). A comparative study of the emissions by road maintenance works and the disrupted traffic using life cycle assessment and micro- simulation. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 14(3), 197- 204. International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2007). Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines GENERAL EHS GUIDELINES: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY. International Labour Office (ILO). (1999). Safety, health and welfare on construction sites: A training manual. Geneva: ILO. Morris, S. (2007), Towards reform of the land acquisition framework in India. Indian Institute of Management: Working Paper no. 2007–05–04 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2003). Asphalt Fume Exposures During the Application of Hot Asphalt to Roofs: Current Practices for Reducing Exposures. Norseth T, Waage J, and Dale I. (1991). Acute Effects and Exposure to Organic Compounds in Road Maintenance Workers Exposed to Asphalt. Am J Ind Med. Schwab, K. (2017). The Global Competitiveness Report 2017 World Economic Forum. Tohmé G, Tohmé H. (2014). Illustrated Flora of Lebanon, CNRS publications UNHCR. (2017). “Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon 2017” UNHCR. (2023). “Lebanon Fact Sheet 2023” VASyr (2019). Vulnerability assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon. World Bank (2018). Good Practice Note Addressing Gender Based Violence in Investment Project Financing involving Major Civil Works TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-40 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 10 Annex 1: Figures and Tables Related to Chapters 2 and Chapter 3 Table A National Applicable Legal Framework Relevant Sector Legislation Date Brief Description Relevance to The Project Decision 52/1 was referenced in the study to specify the Environment quality standards and criteria for air, water National Standards for Environmental Quality and the MoE Decision 29/06/1996 and soil pollution. Revised standards for water, air and soil Environmental Limit Values for Air and Water. 52/1 pollution (partly updated in Decision 8/1 dated 30/1/2001). The described decision (Annex 12 in decision 52/1) was used for monitoring air emissions. Decision No.97 1998 Nahr el Kaleb protected by MoE under this decision When primary roads are close to Nahr el Kaleb, special attention is needed Amendment to part of MoE Decision 52/1 dated 29/6/1996. This decision will be used to monitor air and water Decision 8/1 30/01/2001 National Standards for Environmental Quality (NSEQ) that quality during implementation of project activities. covered air and liquid emissions for all sectors. Environment Protection Law: Fundamental principles and public rules (7 parts, 68 articles), Organization of environmental protection, Environmental information It is essential for the proposed project as the protection of Law 444 29/07/2002 system and participation in the management and protection the environment is a must throughout all of the steps of Environment of the environment, Environmental Impact Assessment, the project. Protection of environmental media, Responsibilities and fines. Other regulations (miscellaneous, institutional). Penalizes unauthorized discharges or disposal of any kind Law 77 13/04/2018 Water Resources Law of waste in water resources The requirements of the law shall be adhered to for the Law 78 13/04/2018 Law for the protection of air quality management of air emissions from the project Solid waste generated during the project should be Integrated Solid Waste Management which sets integrated managed in accordance with Law 80, which includes Law 80 10/10/2018 solid waste management principles and provides guidelines limiting quantities generated, when possible, as well as for the management of waste. properly disposing of any generated waste. Decree 5605 focuses on the importance of source sorting, reducing and reusing, the sorting method according The generated domestic solid waste are to be properly Decree 5605 11/09/2019 depending on the type in order to protect the environment sorted as per decree 5605 and reduce the damages. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-41 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Exhaust emissions from mobile onsite generators and Updated ELVs for air quality stated in Decision 8/1 and Decision 16/1 2022 heavy machinery should abide by the standards set in this stated additional parameters for various industries. decision Precautionary measures should be taken to limit any Protection against hazardous wastes that could harm air, Law 64 12/8/1988 potential damage from generated hazardous wastes (if Health and water, biodiversity, soil, and people. any) safety The occupation health and safety conditions during Decree 11802 30/01/2004 Occupational health and safety decree maintenance works should comply with this decree. Labor Law that sets basic labor rights in Lebanon including It protects employees from any sort of violations dictated Labor Law 23/09/1946 minimum working age, working and resting hours etc.… in this law. This law is the ratification of ILO convention No. 182: The agreement required the ratifying country to take immediate Does not allow the employment of children and protects and effective measures to prohibit the worst forms of labor Law 335 2/8/2001 them from engaging in any work activities that could and eliminate it and specify the types of work that harm the harm their health and safety. health, safety or ethical behavior of children and their location. Labor Laws This law is the ratification of ILO convention No. 138: This agreement aims to develop a general instrument on the Minimum age of employment on tasks and works that Law 400 5/6/2002 subject of minimum age for employment to gradually pose risks or hazards to health and safety replace the instruments applied in specific economic sectors, aiming to completely eliminate child labor Prohibition of employment of minors under the age of 18 in Adhere to the requirements of this decree with regards to Decree 8987 29/09/2012 work that may harm their health, safety or morals employment for this project. Adhere to the requirements of this decree with regards to Decree 3791 30/06/2016 Sets minimum wage for employees and workers wages of employees on this project. Aims at the elimination of any kind of traffic violations such All transportation vehicles utilized during project as: exceeding the speed limit, driving without a license or Traffic Law 243 22/10/2012 implementation should abide by the general rules driving under any substance alternating the normal mental specified in Law 243. and physical state. Decree law 166 7/11/1933 Antiquity law (166/LR) regulates antiquities and Directorate Defines chance find procedures that should be followed General of Antiquities (DGA) has the authority to halt any in case antiquities were identified in the project site General development that is damaging archeological deposits. The text of Article 522 of the Lebanese Penal Code, applies This law was mentioned as the project may hold risks on Decree 340 01/03/1943 to cases of assault of women, by force, violence, and women during maintenance work. TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-42 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners manipulations which are acts that affect a woman's dignity, physical health, psychological state, and moral integrity. Law 118 30/06/1977 Municipalities Law. It stipulates the role of the Defines the roles of municipalities in the provision of Municipalities and Municipalities councils. environmental services such as solid waste management, wastewater management, etc. Despite that no expropriation activities will be done; this Law 58 29/05/1991 Law of properties and expropriation law is added because OP 4.12 was triggered by the project. This law was mentioned as the project may hold risks on Abolishment of article 522 of the penal code that exempts a Law 53 14/09/2017 women during maintenance works (influx of workers rapist from punishments if he marries a victim (men) to the concerned area). This law should be followed throughout the Law 28 16/02/2017 Right to access information. implementation of the project. This decree should be followed throughout the Decree 6940 24/09/2020 Determining the minutes of application of Law No. 28 date. implementation of the project. This law should be implemented, in case of sexual Law 205 30/12/2020 Criminalizing sexual harassment and habilitating its victims. harassment. Lebanon’s legislative body is represented by the Lebanese Parliament that approves and issues Laws. Lebanon’s executive body is represented by the Council of Ministers (COM) and is headed by the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. The COM enacts regulations in the form of Decisions (denoted COM Decision Number) and Decrees. Decisions are issued by a specific minister and are limited to the affairs of the ministry that promulgated it. Ministerial Decisions are subject specific TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-43 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table B Institutional framework Institution Roles and Responsibilities MoPWT is responsible for the management of public roads, and for developing a sustainable strategy for the transportation sector within the urban and rural areas. MoPWT  MoPWT will work closely with CDR during project implementation to ensure that important decisions on road (selection priorities, road designs, equipment specifications, and road asset management) are well coordinated. CDR is a public institution established through Decree No. 5 dated 31st January 1977. CDR’s main responsibilities is to:  Coordinate with relevant government agencies and with the relevant government agencies, particularly MoPWT, regarding roads priorities, CDR technical aspects, and project’s requirements.  Monitor the project. In particular, every six months CDR must submit to the Bank project progress reports summarizing all project aspects and progress achieved in project implementation.  Municipalities in Metn Caza are responsible for their municipal area. According to Decree 118/1977, municipalities are responsible for supervising Municipalities projects’ implementation in their municipal territories. In this context they were consulted for this project. Ministry of  MoE is responsible for planning and monitoring of environmental issues. Environment  MoE is in charge of protecting the environment in general, setting regulations (MoE) and standards, and advising on implementing projects and programs in a sustainable manner. Accordingly, this ESMP must comply with the Lebanese environmental standards and regulations issued by MoE. Ministry of  MoA is responsible for monitoring all activities related to forestry and Agriculture agriculture. It regulates the introduction of new species in agriculture and (MoA) livestock, protects, supervises and manages natural resources and provide technical assistance whenever necessary.  The REP will not involve the construction of new roads or widening of existing ones (i.e., no tree cutting will occur). However, in the context of maintenance works, if the contractor had to cut native trees for traffic safety issues, the MoA must be consulted. Tree cutting permits are provided by MoA. Ministry of  Monitoring the quality and determination of surface and groundwater. Energy and  Design, study, and implement major water infrastructure installations. Water (MoEW)  Protecting water resources from waste and pollution by taking the necessary measures to prevent pollution. Traffic  Ensuring public safety Department at  Maintaining regular traffic control the Internal Security Forces  MoL is responsible for all labour and employment issues. Labour inspection is the responsibility of the Department of Labour Inspection, Prevention and Safety (DLIPS) under the Labour Relations Authority of the MoL.  DLIPS supervises the implementation of all laws, regulations, decrees and rules pertaining to the terms and conditions of employment, and the protection of Ministry of workers in the workplace, including the provisions of international labour Labour (MoL) Conventions ratified. Labour inspectors ensure the supervision of compliance with regulations regarding conditions of employment and protection of workers including occupational safety and health. The works contracts must comply with the national law on labour and the ILO obligations, which have been ratified by Lebanon TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-44 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table C Labor Conventions ILO Entry into Ratification Relevance to Project Name Description Convention force Date Its object and purpose are to suppress the use of This project should forced labor in all its abide by this Convention forms irrespective of convention to protect Concerning the nature of the employees from being ILO no. 29 Forced or 01/05/1932 25/06/1977 work or the sector of forced into any type Compulsory activity in which it of work activity that Labor may be performed. they do not want to With some engage in. exceptions such as military service. This project should Aims at the comply with the elimination of forced guidelines of this labor and cancels Abolition of convention in order to ILO no. certain forms of Forced Labor 17/01/1959 25/06/1977 protect employees 105 forced labor still Convention from being forced allowed under into any type of work the Forced Labor activity without their Convention of 1930 will. This project should Enable legislation abide by this which prohibits all convention to ensure discrimination and Discrimination a healthy environment exclusion on any (Employment between the ILO no. basis including of and 15/06/1960 25/06/1977 employees and 111 race/color, sex, Occupation) between the employer religion, political Convention and employees in the opinion, national or work place by social origin in enforcing equality and employment. respect between them. Aim at ensuring that This project should there is freedom of comply with the choice of guidelines of this employment and the convention to ensure fullest possible that employees are opportunity for each given the right worker to qualify for, opportunities, based Employment and to use his skills on their ILO no. Policy 09/07/1965 25/06/1977 and endowments in, qualifications, 122 Convention a job for which he is irrespective of their well suited, origin, affiliations. irrespective of race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin. It stipulates that Minimum Age This project should States should Convention abide by this progressively raise ILO no. for Admission convention in order to 19/06/1976 25/06/1977 the minimum age to a 138 to abolish the level consistent with Employment employment of the fullest physical and Work children below the and mental TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-45 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners development of specified minimum young people. It age. establishes 15 as the minimum age for work in general and 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work. Table D International treaties and conventions in relation to REP Date Convention/Agreement Status Relevance to Project Covered This project must control activities that release green-house by Law gases such as emissions from machineries used (most of United Nations No. 359 which rely on fuel). 1992 Framework Convention dated on Climate Change. 11th August 1994. Covered This project should abide by this convention to avoid or by Law control activities that may pose a threat on biodiversity at all Rio de Janeiro No. 360 levels, since improvement of roads sometimes leads, directly 1992 Convention on dated or indirectly, to the loss and degradation of natural habitats Biological Diversity. 11th and biodiversity. August 1994. Table E Raw material and items needed for routine maintenance work Item Description Unit B Incidental Repair Works B1 Clearing and Grubbing m² B2 Repair and adjustment of manholes (replace damaged ones) Nr B3 Cleaning of waterways hydraulic structures, drainage pipes and box culverts m³ B4 Galvanized Steel Guardrail lm B5 Repairing Mortared Masonry wall m² C Pavement Repair Works C1 Shallow Patching works m² C2 Deep Patching works m² C3 Crack sealing lm C4 Trench Shallow Patching lm C5 Trench Deep Patching lm D Concrete Repair Works Cast-in-situ Reinforced concrete, Class 250/20 (B25) for repair of box culverts, D1 m3 headwalls and wing walls, concrete channels and retaining walls (all types and shapes) Plain concrete for patching for deteriorated concrete in culverts, channels, walls and D2 m² safety barriers D3 Cast-in-situ Reinforced concrete, Class 250/20 (B25) for channel's cover lm E Traffic Control Devices and Safety Barriers E1 Road Paint Lines width m2 E2 Special Road Marking m2 E3 Cats eye Nr E4 Bituminous speed humps m2 E5 Rumble strips lm E6 Delineators J4 Nr E7 Small Signs m3 E8 Concrete Single Face New Jersey Barrier free standing. Concrete class 360/20 lm TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-46 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 11 Annex 2: Figures and Tables Related to Chapter 4 Table F Summary of main geological outcrops exposed at the Metn Caza Geology Name Description Chouf Sandstone Varicolored, cross bedded Sandstone with inter-beds of shale; contains heavy (Grés de Base), minerals; color depends upon percentage of hematite and presence of volcanic C1 Neocomian- giving purplish color; Sand is sometimes white; contains coal seams and traces Barremian of brittle amber. This formation can reach 300 meter in thickness. Clastic: mixture of clay, sand and calcareous material in varying proportions C2a1: Abey forming clay, sandy clay, marl, marly limestone etc. The calcareous material Formation, Lower may be slightly to moderately indurated. Where marl prevails, its fresh color Aptian is bluish, weathering to creamish brown. This formation can reach 125 meter in thickness. C2a Karstic, massive marine depositional environment Limestone forming a C2a2: Mdeirej prominent cliff, which often used as a marker bed. Transition with the Abey Limestone, Lower Formation consists of three layers of green clay intercalating limestone. This Aptian formation is outcropping to the East of the site and it can reach 45 meter in thickness. Hammana Marl intercalated with marly Limestone with thick layers of Sand on top; layers C2b Formation, Upper of ferro-oolitic limestone sometimes overlie the sand. This formation can reach Aptian 20 meter in thickness Green Marl (containing glauconite) intercalated with thick layers of marly Hammana Limestone forming cliffs 3 - 4 m in height; may contain some thin sand layers C3 Formation, Albian in the lower part of the formation. This formation can reach 150 meter in thickness. (C4); this unit is divided into three subunits: C4a: Dolomitic Limestone, within this formation, geodes of different sizes Sannine filled or voided can be recorded. Thickness of this unit is about 300 meters. C4 Limestone, of C4b: Bluish marl and shale containing crystals of quartz, chert nodules and Cenemonain age bands form. Thickness of this unit is about 100 meters. C4c: Limestone and dolomitic limestone white to brown in color. Limestone is highly karstified. Thickness of this unit is about 300 meters. Finely crystalline, massive, cliffy Limestone that includes trace to abundant Bikfaya brown chert nodules. This formation is chemically deposited with smooth fresh J6 Limestone, fracture. The thickness of this unit is ranging from 60 to 65 m and Type section Portlandian epoch is Bikfaya. Volcanic formation with about 50 m of thickness, overlapping J6 (Bikfaya bj6 Black Basalt Limestone). This type is an impermeable rock, aquiclude layer that results in seasonal spring discharges. Bc1 Volcanics of Associated with this pre-Chouf Sandstone uplift, the Basaltic volcanic of the Chouf Sandstone Chouf Sandstone (C1) is located. It is described as reddish clayey beds which appear to be weathered volcanic tuffs. Composed of Chocolate brown Shale and bluish Marl, in many parts it’s intercalated with thick oolitic Limestone bed. The marl weathers to a creamish, J7 Salima limestone ochre color and Crinoids fossil can be recorded in this formation. Thickness varies from zero-few meters to 150 m. Type section is Salima. Q Quaternary Quaternary formation belonging to the Quaternary age. This formation can formation reach a thickness of 100 m and typically consists of sandy beaches, detrital LS, conglomerates, volcanic coastal or alluvial deposits Source: Dubertret, (1945) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-47 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure A Geology map of Metn Caza showing exposed outcrops and % of exposure of each class TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-48 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table G Geological outcrop coverage per representative road within Metn Caza Road M1 % of geology coverage bj6 2% c1 2% j6 91% j7 5% Road M2 % of geology coverage c1 6% c4 0% j6 86% qt 8% Road M3 % of geology coverage bc1 7% c1 9% j6 80% j7 5% Road M4 % of geology coverage c1 52% c2a 32% c2b 4% j6 11% m2b 1% Road M5 % of geology coverage bj6 18% c1 41% j6 40% j7 1% Road M6 % of geology coverage m2b 8% qdm 1% qt 91% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-49 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure B Hydrogeology map of Metn Caza (showing water potential of the subsurface)- Refer to table I for description of hydrogeology classes TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-50 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table H Summary of hydrogeological classes exposed for all Metn roads (legend of hydrogeological map) Probable Flows of the Instantaneous Transmissivity Geology Class Groundwater sheets Lithology Age Sources L/sec. Flows of the m2/Sec Works L/sec. Massive limestone and dolomitic Jurassic <100 1 limestone with interval marls Bathonien- 100-1000 >100 Thickness: >1000 m. Portlandien >1000 Generally, high In Karstic Formations 10-2 ≤ T ≤ 1 Wide And Rich Water Cretaceous Limestone regularly bedding <100 2 Table Cénomanien- >100 Thickness: 800 à 1000 m. 100-1000 >1000 Turonien Reef limestone thickness: 200 Neogene 5 100-1000 <100 Often High to 250 m. Miocene Sandstone Thickness Cretaceous 10-5 ≤ T ≤ 10-4 IN POROUS FORMATIONS 10 <10 <10 : 150 à 250 m. Grès De Base Poor with weak Local or Detachments gravel slopes and mud 11 Quaternary _ <10 Poor with weak Discontinuous flows. Thickness: variable 12 Water Table Red soils Thickness: variable Quaternary Diffuse Discharge <10 Poor with weak Coastal sandstone thickness: 15 Quaternary Diffuse Discharge <10 Poor with weak variable Alternations of clay-sandy, Cretaceous <5 (Sources 16 limestone beds and marl Thickness: <5 Weak with very weak Areas Generally Aptien_Albien intermittent) 300 to 400 m. Without Water Table or a Very Local Water Cretaceous Table Inf. Miocene 22 Basalt of variable thickness _ Very weak Very weak Pliocene Quaternary TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-51 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table I Hydrogeological classes coverage (%) per each representative road in Metn Caza Road M1  % Hydrogeology   1 96% 10 4% Road M4  % Hydrogeology  1 15% 10 48% 16 37% Road M5  % Hydrogeology  1 48% 10 41% 22 11% Road M6  % Hydrogeology  5 13% 15 87% Road M2  % Hydrogeology  1 86% 10 4% 15 10% Road M3  % Hydrogeology  1 78% 10 22% Table J Existing surface water in the Caza with respect to representative roads River Min Distance (m) Road M1 Naher Beirut 545 Wadi Antelias 4 Road M2 Wadi Antelias 8 Road M3 Naher El Kelb 4 Road M4 Naher Beirut 219 Road M5 Naher Beirut 125 Road M6 Naher El Kelb 20 Wadi Antelias 1 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-52 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure C Distribution of air pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in the troposphere above the Lebanese border average from year 2018 up to August 2023 (data retained from Sentinel-5 precursor/TROPOMI Level 2 Product TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-53 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table K LULC Analysis complemented by field observations LULC analysis Field observations Dense pine forests Pine forests (stone pine forest and Calabrian pine forests) Outcrops Bare rocks in garrigue Rocky outcrops Low density oak forests Oaq maquis dominated by Kermes oak Shrubland with scattered trees Open garrigue vegetation Stony shrubland Low density pine forest Pine woodlots on sandstone Clear pines intermixed with oak trees Clusters of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) trees Grassland of medium density Grasslands used for agriculture and forage (croplands) Olives, field crops in small fields/terraces, deciduous Olive groves (Olea europaea) and fruit terraces. fruit trees Medium density urban fabric Rural settlements and urbanized areas Extraction sites Extraction sites TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-54 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure D LULC of Metn Caza TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-55 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table L Distribution of LULC over the length of Metn roads with a 50 m fixed buffer from the road centerline (% of LULC distribution per road) Road M1 LULC % of LULC distribution along the road Medium density urban fabric 46% Low-density urban fabric 9% Low density pine forest 9% Field crops in small fields/terraces 8% Mixed low density forests 8% Grasslands of medium density 7% Urban sprawl on low density forests 4% Deciduous fruit trees 4% Dense pine forest 4% Dense forest of Oaks (Quercus ssp) 1% Open horticulture 0% Shrublands (with scattered trees) 0% Road M2 LULC % of LULC distribution along the road Low density pine forest 31% Dense pine forest 17% Material Extraction Sites 16% Grasslands of medium density 13% Dense urban fabric 8% Shrublands (with scattered trees) 2% Outcrop 2% Medium density urban fabric 2% Industrial or commercial area 2% Field crops in small fields/terraces 2% Urban sprawl on dense forest 2% Low-density urban fabric 1% Diverse Equipment 1% Road M3 LULC % of LULC distribution along the road TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-56 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Dense pine forest 40% Low density oak forest 21% Medium density urban fabric 8% Low-density urban fabric 7% Deciduous fruit trees 6% Urban sprawl on dense forest 4% Mixed low density forests 3% Field crops in small fields/terraces 3% Outcrop 3% Grasslands of medium density 2% Shrublands 2% Shrublands (with scattered trees) 1% Low density pine forest 1% Road M4 LULC % of LULC distribution along the road Low-density urban fabric 47% Low density pine forest 17% Shrublands (with scattered trees) 9% Dense urban fabric 8% Grasslands of medium density 6% Sport and leisure facilities 3% Dense pine forest 2% Deciduous fruit trees 2% Urban vacant land 1% Diverse Equipment 1% Dense forest of Oaks (Quercus ssp) 1% Mixed dense forest 1% Mixed low density forests 1% M5 LULC % of LULC distribution along the road Low density pine forest 17% Grasslands of medium density 14% Medium density urban fabric 12% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-57 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Deciduous fruit trees 11% Low-density urban fabric 10% Outcrop 7% Shrublands (with scattered trees) 7% Dense pine forest 5% Low density oak forest 5% Shrublands 4% Field crops in small fields/terraces 2% Material Extraction Sites 2% Urban sprawl on low density forests 2% Urban sprawl on permanent crops 1% M6 LULC % of LULC distribution along the road Highway 42% Industrial or commercial area 30% Urban Extension and/or site 16% Sea Enbankments 3% Complex Resort 3% Shrublands 2% Grasslands of medium density 2% Diverse Equipment 1% Urban vacant land 1% Beaches 1% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-58 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Table M Particular biotopes and natural habitats along the assessed roads Distance from Protected %LULC along the Vegetation zone Road Elevation Areas (PAs), forests, valleys, road (50 m fixed (Abi Saleh & Characteristics of Natural Habitats Name (m) and rivers buffer) Safi, 1996). o Runs close to Wadi Thermo, Eu  17% low Antelias Mediterranean M1 density pine 782-984  Clear pine (Pinus pinea on sandstone) o 91%j6 (high zones and forest transmissivity) Mountain zone  Mediterranean oak woodland, dominated by the  31 %Low evergreen oak species Quercus calliprinos o Rich Pine Horsh on density oak Thermo and Eu-  Open garrigue vegetation, discontinuous bushy M2 the road leading to forest 4-761 Mediterranean associations of the Mediterranean calcareous plateaus. Baabdet  17% dense pine zones  Dense pine forests including a horsh bordering M2 forest with rich understory o 4 m away from  Dense pine forest with rich understory Nahr el Kaleb River Eu-  40% dense pine  Dense pine patches including umbrella pine (Pinus  Nahr el Mediterranean forest pinea) and wild pine (Pinus brutia) intermixing with M3 Kaleb is 823-1248 and Supra  Low density oak maquis under the Mediterranean protection oak forest 21 % zones  Mediterranean oak woodland, dominated by the of MoE evergreen oak species Quercus calliprinos  9 % Shrublands (with scattered  The road is bordered by garrigue vegetation (rocky Thermo and Eu trees) garrigue). M4 - 34-824 Mediterranean  2 % low dense  Some segments involve pine forest/ or dense pine zones pine forest patches (namely stone pine forests)  6 % Grasslands  Low density pine forest 17% Eu-  Low density pine forests with poor understory – clear  Bordered by dense pine  Grasslands of Mediterranean umbrella pine forests M5 forests namely in medium density 913-1477 and Supra  Dense pine forests Baabdet 14% Mediterranean  Grasslands (croplands)  Deciduous fruit zones trees 11% TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-59 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure E Encountered natural habitats along Metn roads Pine patches bordering Road M1 intermixing with residential buildings and houses Pine forest along Road M1 Pine Horsh along the road leading to Baabdet – Open garrigue ecosystem bordering Road M3 in Road M2 Bteghrine Association of Oak and pine trees (rocky habitat) along Clear Umbrella pine along M3 with poor understory Road M3 Ecosystem along Road M5 – open garrigue Oak maquis along M5 in Mten and cultivated vegetation deciduous fruit trees TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-60 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Stone pine forests/stands in Baabdet Road M5 Dense pine forests in Baabdet along Road M5 Table N Main Sensitive receptors recorded along main primary roads in Metn Caza Receptor Description Road Distance (m) Saint Sarkis And Bakhus Church Church M1 31 Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church Church M1 86 Dahr El Souane Municipality Municipality M1 148 Bikfaya Mhaydseh Municipality Municipality M1 20 Sakiet el Misk - Bharsaf Municipality Municipality M1 15 Bhanes hospital Hospital M1 60 Christ Embassy Church Church M2 355 Goodwill International School School M2 294 Aslc After School Learning Center School M2 204 Aatchaneh Municipality Municipality M2 161 Wadih Al Haj Health center Health center M2 4 Bteghrine Official High School School M3 116 Bteghrine Municipality Municipality M3 27 Church Church M3 30 Saint Mary Church, Church M3 148 Mar Mikhael Church Church M3 153 St Joseph - Church Church M4 326 Ghabeh Municipality Municipality M4 367 Broummana Municipality Municipality M4 236 Mansourieh Municipality Municipality M4 376 Machrek hospital Hospital M6 300 Church of Our Lady Church M5 139 El Mrouj Evangelical Church Church M5 122 Sain Ceour Dhour Choueir School M5 572 Layla C Saad SABIS school School M5 972 Aintoura Municipality Municipality M5 18 Bolonia and Wata el Mrouj Municipality Municipality M5 115 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-61 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Choueir Municipality Municipality M5 35 Aayroun Municipality Municipality M5 70 Mar Takla Church Church M6 289 Adbanced After School Academy School M6 137 AGBU Schools in Lebanon School M6 191 123 Autism School School M6 135 Zalka Municipality Municipality M6 118 Jdeideh - Sad Al Bauchrieh Municipality Municipality M6 388 Haroun Hospital Hospital M6 116 Hopital Saint Joseph Hospital M6 165 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-62 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure F Main sensitive receptors along Metn roads - 1 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-63 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure G Main Sensitive Receptors along Metn roads - 2 TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-64 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Figure H Examples of sensitive receptors along Metn Roads Residential buildings bordering Road M1 Municipality of Bharsaf bordering Road M1 Wadih Al Haj Medical center along Road Urban segment along Road M4 (Broumana) M3 (Baskinta) El Mrouj Church bordering M5 Highway sensitive receptors (along Road M6) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-65 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 12 Annex 3: Impact Assessment Methodology The assessment followed the Lebanese MoE grading methodology stated in Decision No 261/1, dated 2015. The impact grading methodology is explained in this section. This approach was adopted in order to address the several sources of impacts from the project’s activities. The stages of the evaluation process are the following: - Identification of project-related activities (sources) and environmental aspects. - Identification of potential impacts to the environment (physical, biological, human, cultural). - Evaluation and assessment of the related unmitigated impact significance. Impacts are first classified as shown in the table below: Table O Classification of Impacts Matrix Classification Criteria P The proposed activity offers benefits for the overall project (Positive) N Impacts having minimal to major negative influence N (Negative) (Nature) D Impact arising directly from the project activities (Direct) I Impacts arising from activities not directly related to the project (Indirect) development High potential to mitigate negative impacts on the physical, biological or human environment to the level of insignificant effects. L Disturbance of degraded areas with little conservation value. Minor (Low) changes in species occurrence or variety. Simple mitigation measures may be needed to minimize impacts Medium range (beyond site boundary but restricted to local area). Medium-term (reversible over time, duration of operational phase). Potential to mitigate negative impacts on physical, biological or M human environment. However, the implementation of mitigation (Moderate) measures may still not prevent some negative effects. M Destruction/Disturbance of areas with potential conservation value. (Magnitude) Complete changes in species occurrence or variety. Mitigation measures will help minimize impacts Disturbance to areas of high conservation value. Destruction of rare or endangered species. Mitigation is required. H Largely irreversible impacts on the physical, biological or human (High) environment. Has a massive impact on the surrounding livelihood. Potentially irreparable damage to a site of social and/or cultural importance L Limited to the project area E (Local) Locally occurring impact within the locality of the proposed project (Extent) G Extend beyond the local area (Global) National impact affecting resources on a national scale S Activities and their related impacts are characterized by a short T (Short-term) duration of effect (Timing) M Activities and their related impacts are characterized by a medium (Medium-term) duration of effect TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-66 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Matrix Classification Criteria L Activities and their related impacts are characterized by a long (Long-term) duration of effect C Impacts arise during the construction phase of the proposed project D (Construction) (Duration) O Impacts arise during the operational phase of the project (Operation) R Impacts may be reversible, or able to be rehabilitated upon the R (Reversible) decommissioning of the proposed project (Reversibility) I Impacts may not be reversible, or able to be rehabilitated upon the (Irreversible) decommissioning of the proposed project L The classified impact is unlikely to occur under normal operating (Low) conditions L M (Likelihood of The classified impact may possibly occur (Medium) occurrence) H The classified impact is unlikely to occur under normal operating (High) conditions L Results in no substantial adverse change to existing environmental (Low) conditions Substantial adverse change to existing environmental conditions M Can be mitigated to less-than-significant levels by implementation S (Medium) of proposed potentially feasible mitigation measures or by the (Significance) selection of an environmentally superior project alternative Substantial adverse change to existing environmental conditions H Cannot be fully mitigated by implementation of all feasible (High) mitigation measures The environmental significance matrix adopted is based on the well-known “weighted scoring” or “weighing and scoring” method used as a tool in various decision analysis applications. In this method, the following steps takes place: - Attributes relevant to the project are chosen - Weights or numerical values are assigned to each attribute depending on its importance (values should be based on objective data or expert opinion to exclude subjectivity during the process). - Scores are allocated to each option to reflect its status with respect to each attribute The final result is a single weighted score for each option, which is used to quantify its overall performance/significance. As such, the adopted matrix is designed to allow subjective conclusions to be numerically recorded or quantified, therefore providing at the same time an impact evaluation and quantitative record to revert to in the future: Table P Significance Impact Matrix Magnitude x Extent x Duration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 Likelihood Frequency 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 x Yellow: Negligible / Green: Low significance / Blue: Medium significance / Red: High significance TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-67 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 13 Annex 4: Code of Conduct Individual CoC in Arabic TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-68 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 14 Annex 5: Schematic illustration of the GRM Level 1 A written complaint or concern or An oral complaint or concern or suggestion is lodged to the site suggestion is lodged to the site engineer or manager engineer or manager Site manager or engineer should carry out the necessary actions to Must be written down by the site resolve the issue within a engineer or manager maximum period of one week Is the complainant satisfied with Yes the actions of the site engineer or Issue is resolved manager? No Level 2 The complainant brings the issue to the attention of the social specialist of the PIU The social expert should carry out the necessary actions to resolve the issue within a maximum period of two weeks Is the complainant satisfied with Yes the actions of the social specialist? Issue is resolved No Level 3 The complainant brings the issue to the attention of the Director of the PIU Director of the PIU should carry out the necessary actions to resolve the issue within a maximum period of two weeks TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-69 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 15 Annex 6: Complaint Register Form Table Q Complaints Registration Form Name Name of Date (optional), Complaint employer/ Date of the Corrective Type of of phone and issue and representative complaint Action Complaint close address of action taken notified of out Complainant complaint TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-70 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 16 Annex 7: Plans and Procedures during Maintenance Activities Pollution Prevention Plan The Contractor shall prepare and abide by a Pollution Prevention Plan to ensure that pollution to air, water or land is prevented or, where this is not possible, reduced and mitigated as far as practicable during the construction phase. The Pollution Prevention Plan will be developed for managing:  liquid effluents  air emissions  noise and vibration  fuel, oil, and chemical storage and handling  hazardous, non-hazardous, and household waste handling, storage and final disposal vehicle and equipment selection and maintenance Effluent Management Provisions  No effluent shall be discharged under any condition neither into water courses or bodies including surface water bodies nor to ground surface or infiltrated into subsoils  Install mobile porta-cabins and connect the generated wastewater from workers to the existing sewage network or to polyethylene tank Empty the tank in the sewer network or into nearby operational wastewater treatment plants either by municipality-owned or contracted wastewater tankers Rainwater run-off Management Provisions  Install temporary structures to prevent runoff from reaching nearby water bodies  Remove base coarse and sand from active maintenance sites to prevent the transfer of suspended solids in rainwater  All platforms where generators or hydrocarbon storage tanks are installed have an impervious layer Restrict excavation activities during periods of intense rainfall Atmospheric Emissions and Dust Management Provisions  Exercise care to minimize emissions of dust from its activities, including traffic, at work sites, in residential areas and on access roads.  Stop dust generating activities during windy weather especially in residential areas  Where it is deemed that dust is impacting or may have an impact on human, plant or animal receptors or where dust may cause sedimentation of watercourses/water bodies or unacceptable levels of soil loss, water shall be applied to the area creating the dust  Control vehicle speeds to reduce traffic-induced dust dispersion and resuspension by setting and enforcing speed limits  Post speed limit signs in sensitive areas  Ensuring trucks hauling sand, dirt or other loose materials are covered (sheeting trucks)  Cover dusty stockpiles  Suspending topsoil stripping and replacement during strong winds  Using a dust collection system for bulk materials unloading  Ensure proper handling and storage of materials thus minimizing the areas of stockpiled materials  When storage, transport and handling of bulk materials is made in the open air and exposed to the wind, necessary dust abatement measures shall be implemented  Regular maintenance of construction machinery, equipment and vehicles Spill Prevention and Management  Spill clean-up procedure to reduce the risks of accidental leakages  Carry out all re-fuelling in designated areas with impervious surfaces and guarantee no fuel spills TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-71 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners  A spill collection tank must be installed under generators and specific equipment  All chemicals shall be stored in dedicated areas on a paved or sealed floor and in tightly closed containers and be protected from adverse weather conditions  Used oil or chemical must be stored in an appropriate area until it is collected and disposed in licensed sites  Use of secondary containment basins for long term storage of lubricants and fuels  Ensure that the plan is present at the construction site and that oil spill response kits are available  Ensure proper housekeeping conditions are maintained at the oil/chemical storage areas  Train all workers to implement this plan in case of accidental spillage Waste Management Plan This plan shall be developed and implemented by the Contractor to manage the generated waste effectively. The plan shall include the following components: Establish and maintain a waste register which is at the disposal of the Engineer. This register will record all waste management operations: production, collection, transport and disposal. Waste shall be categorized according to the following definitions: Non-hazardous solid waste generated at maintenance sites and offices includes excess fill materials from grading and excavation activities, scrap wood and metals, and small concrete spills. Other non-hazardous solid wastes include office and kitchen wastes. Hazardous solid waste includes contaminated soils, oily rags, used oil filters, used oil, as well as spill cleanup materials from oil and fuel spills Waste shall be collected from each maintenance sites and from offices at the same rate that it is produced All the waste materials generated at work sites and offices shall be segregated into domestic (organic/ paper and cardboard/ metals, glass and plastics) and hazardous waste and disposed into the color-coded containers (one for the disposal of organic waste, one for paper and cardboard and one for aluminium, glass and plastics) The domestic waste containers shall be emptied 2 to 3 times per week by the municipality to maintain maintenance sites sanitation Segregated recyclables shall be sent to recycling facilities in the area where possible Reuse of excavation materials generated during cutting and filling activities whenever possible and disposal of remaining material in controlled disposal site to be identified by the contractor in coordination with the relevant municipality Approval letters shall be obtained from the concerned municipalities for domestic and construction waste disposal Reuse or recycle the generated waste whenever possible Train workers on waste reduction procedures Provide workers with nearby sanitation facilities and inform them about their location The work zone shall be cleaned on a daily basis. Construction leftovers that are external to the working zone shall be removed regularly. Site housekeeping must be maintained Hazardous Materials Management Plan A Hazardous Materials Management Plan will be developed for hazardous materials that pose a potential risk to human health or the environment and include cleaning chemicals, solvents and fuels. The plan shall include the following:  Fuel and hazardous chemicals/materials shall be stored in designated areas, except for quantities generated or required for the daily construction activities.  All fuel and hazardous chemical storage facilities shall be located on flat or gently sloping ground and shall be contained within a bund designed to contain at least 110% of the total capacity of the storage containers plus 10% of the aggregate tank volume within the containment area or as otherwise specified by regulatory requirements. The bund walls and floor shall be constructed of TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-72 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners concrete or other suitably impermeable material. The filling connection must be within the bund. No drain valves or other connections through the bund walls shall be permitted. Tanks shall be fitted with a gauge to allow the fill level to be monitored during refilling and preferably with a high-level alarm.  Hydrocarbons, lubricants, paints, solvents and batteries are transported in drums to suitable waste management facilities, if available Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan An Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP) will be developed so that the Contractor is prepared to respond to accidental and emergency situations in a manner that prevents and mitigates harm to people and the environment. The EPRP needs to be discussed and disclosed to service providers and local affected communities prior to construction. The EPRP shall cover the following emergency situations as a minimum/;  Medical emergency  Fire or explosion;  Hazardous Material Spill or Release; The EPRP will identify  Accidents and emergency situations and the communities and individuals that may potentially be impacted  Response procedures, provision of equipment and resources, designation of responsibilities, communication systems and channels and periodic response training The Project will need to ensure that the Contractor shall  Maintain fit-for-purpose Emergency Response Capability, which shall be clearly documented  Make contingency arrangements for calling a Doctor and transporting injured persons to hospital. The telephone numbers of the emergency services and the name, address and telephone number of the Doctor and the nearest hospital shall be prominently displayed in the Contractor´s office.  Ensure that all personnel are informed and aware of how to react in an emergency situation, and responsibilities are defined. Information and awareness training shall be documented, and available on all Project Areas  Organize and document emergency simulation exercises within 3 months of the physical start of the works, and subsequently once every 12 months Traffic Management Plan A Traffic Management Plan (TMP) will need to be developed by the main contractor. The TMP shall be a starting point for further discussion between the main contractor, local authorities and road agencies. The plan will include preventative measures to manage the risks from potential increases in traffic from construction activities including transportation of material and workers to and from the maintenance activity sites. In addition, it will include measures to protect workers and manage the risks from civilian traffic within close proximity to maintenance activities especially within residential areas. The TMP will be refined and updated as access routes are confirmed and the timing and type of abnormal loads become known. The TMP shall include the following:  Proposed program of works;  Details of key stakeholders;  Details regarding the proposed method of construction;  Proposed Temporary Traffic Control/ Management Plans (TTCP/ TMP);  Various traffic diversion plan layouts for various type of activities;  Diversion signs;  Regulatory signs;  Informative signs;  Analysis of impacted roads;  Risk Assessment;  Proposed working hours; and TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-73 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners  Protection of Work Zones and road users including pedestrians; The TMP shall be approved by the Consultant prior the execution of work. A special TMP shall be prepared regarding works on Highways. Noting that Works on Highways shall be minimized during Peak- Hours and maximized during off-peak hours, 7 days a week. Public Health and Safety Plan An effective Public Health and Safety Plan for construction shall include at least the following components:  Secure the site and restrict access to it  Prohibit unattended/unauthorized public access  No children are allowed to be present on the work site, reminding workers and community members of this in all related communications  Install barriers with warning lights at night around excavations, material dumps or other obstructions at the maintenance sites  Install warning signs for drilling and maintenance at the external part of the site and at a distance of 100 meters  Inform residents and place proper safety and diversion signs at sensitive areas within the project area (i.e. near schools, shops hospitals and agriculture areas)  Install pedestrian and vehicular passages near residential areas  Accidental oil spillage shall be well controlled  Make sure at least three sets of first aid kits are present on the construction site.  Access to hospitals should not be impeded at any time  Properly manage trucks and heavy machinery entering and exiting the construction site.  Training of heavy machinery drivers about road safety  Equip Project drivers with telephones for contacting the emergency services to enact the EPRP if necessary in case of emergency.  Keep stakeholders informed of maintenance schedule and abide by assigned timing  Manage the grievance mechanism through which community members can make complaints about project activities  The community health and safety plan shall cross reference with other relevant management plans such as the TMP and EPRP. Local health care and emergency services shall be consulted in the development of the plan. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Plan In addition, the Contractor shall ensure the workers’ health and safety against possible accidents and injuries from the various maintenance activities. The plan shall include the following:  Hazard Identification and assessment including (Physical injuries from: Traffic accidents, Falling from moving vehicles, Loss of stability and overturning of equipment, Falling from height, Hit by construction materials, Slips, trips and falls, Electrical incidents, Burns from hot works, Health problems due to: Fumes and dust, Noise and vibration, Excessive manual handling, Disease outbreaks, Asphyxiation in confined spaces and Fire )  OHS protection measures for the identified hazards  OHS protection measures for Unexploded Explosive Ordnance  Prevention and precaution measures for COVID-19  Identify the mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used including hard hats, safety boots, reflective vest as well as specific PPEs  Identify and manage dangerous substances planned to be used on the project area  Work Permit System for Confined Space Entry, Hot Works, Excavation, Lifting, Working at Height, Handling of Hazardous Materials, and Electrical works  Safe Work Method Statements TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-74 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners  Hazard communication  Emergency and Evacuation procedures  Accident and incident reporting and investigation The Contractor shall implement mitigation measures as per the Occupational Health and Safety Plan. Measures include but not limited to:  Personnel and visitors to maintenance activity areas shall be equipped with a safety helmet, safety shoes and a reflective jacket as a minimum.  Adequate quantities of PPE shall be available on the project areas and stored properly  Personnel shall be trained on how to use and care for PPE  Conduct training and awareness meetings including correct use of PPE, health and safety procedures, and handling hazardous material containers and related wastes  Ensure refreshing training session on occupational health and safety measures is conducted on a monthly basis  Ensure that supervision, directly in charge of construction activities, fully brief and discuss with Personnel HS Tool Box Talks at the start of each work day and prior to commencing new activities. These talks shall be conducted in a language understood by the workforce. A checklist shall be utilised for this purpose. At a minimum it shall include the following: Nature of the job, associated hazards, safe working methods to be adopted and requirements of the Permit to Work  Ensure a minimum of first-aid provisions on any work site, including: suitably stocked first-aid kits; a person, respectively an adequate number of staff appointed and trained to take charge of first-aid arrangements and ensure that staff and workers are informed about first-aid arrangements  Equip the project area with a communication system exclusively for the purposes of communication with the first aid services. Information on how to communicate with the first aid services shall be clearly indicated near the communications equipment  Collaborate with local health authorities and make arrangement with an appropriate number of local doctors, and/or nurses, hospitals and ambulance services to ensure that medical staff, first aid facilities, and ambulance service are available within the project area  Measures as per national guidelines published by WHO and Ministry of Public Health regarding COVID-19 prevention and quarantine procedures  Workplace inspections Chance Finds Procedure The chance find procedure is a project-specific procedure that identify actions necessary if previously unknown heritage resources, particularly archaeological resources, are unexpectedly encountered during project construction phase. A Chance Find Procedure will set out how chance finds associated with the project will be managed and will include the following requirements:  Notify relevant authorities (Directorate of General of Antiquities) of found objects or sites  Fence the area of finds or sites to avoid further disturbance  Conduct an assessment of found objects or sites by cultural heritage experts in order to identify and implement actions consistent with the requirements of ESS8 and national legislation  Train project personnel and project workers on chance find procedures TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-75 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners 17 Annex 8: Public Consultation Consulted NGOs were targeted according to their position in Lebanon. They consist of two levels as follows: a) Local NGOs: they are specific to each Caza. Their mission is to address different concerns and issues among the local society including social, economic, gender equality, environment, poverty, women empowerment, etc. The name of the invited NGOs and their field of activity are presented in the table below. Those local NGOs may play a role of advocates to reduce projects’ social and environmental risks. Out of the invited local NGOs, only YASA attended the meeting. b) International NGOs: they are covering the whole country and their consultation will be applied to all the ESMPs of the REP. They provide relief and developmental aid to many developing countries. They support the society in responding to crises and helps people whose lives and livelihoods are shattered by conflict and disaster to survive, recover and gain control of their future. When the crisis in Syria erupted in early 2011, numerous International NGOs responded to the humanitarian crisis and worked directly with the Syrian in Lebanon by providing aid and responding to their critical situation. Accordingly, Syrian refugees were contacted through the International NGOs to seek their feedback about the Project. Accordingly, this ESMP did not receive any concern about the Project. Table R Consulted Local NGOs and their Activities Organization Phone Activities Number Women in Front 04- Created in 2012, “Women in Front” aims at empowering women and 521096 increasing their participation in political and public life Amel 01- Since its creation, in 1979, Amel has opened field hospitals, maternities, Association 317293 development and medical centers in addition to cooperatives in several areas, regardless of their political or religious affiliations. As part of its support to refugee’s program, it provides humanitarian aid to refugee communities, irrelevant of nationality. across the entire country. Frontiers’ Rights 01- Ruwad was founded in 2014 after long years of advocacy work launched by (Rouwad 383556 its activists in 1999. The association defends the fundamental rights of Houkouk) marginalized groups in Lebanon, focusing on three areas: statelessness, right to asylum, and right to personal freedom, safety and non-refoulement (non- forced return to home country). Table S Consulted International NGOs and their Activities NGO Name Intervention Sector(s) ANERA Lebanon  Children & Youth  Development  Education  Relief Services  Water sanitation and hygiene ACTED  Development  Infrastructure & Services Rehabilitation  Labor & Livelihoods  Shelter  Water sanitation and hygiene Danish Refugee  Direct Assistance Council (DRC)  Protection  Shelter  Community Empowerment and Livelihoods TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-76 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Photos: Metn Caza- Public participation meeting Public Participation meeting (August 3 2023) TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-77 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Reconstruction Metn Caza Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Invitation letter: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-78 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Attendance sheet: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-79 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners PowerPoint Presentation: TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-80 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-81 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-82 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Letters sent by Municipalities Letter 1 – Atchaniyeh Municipality TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-83 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-84 - Road and Employment Project (REP) ESMP Report Republic of Lebanon - Council for Development and Metn Caza Reconstruction Dar Al Handasah Nazih Taleb & Partners Letter 2 – Zabougha Municipality TIVÈL, Lebanon - P-85 -