Implementation support on Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System for Green and Near Zero Energy Buildings in Bangladesh Activity 1: Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System – Final Report Submitted to The World Bank Group Prepared by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India LLP June 2022 Table of Content Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 14 1.1 Background: Energy use in Bangladesh ..................................................................................... 14 1.2 Building energy efficiency and environment rating (BEEER) system ......................................... 17 1.3 About this project ......................................................................................................................... 18 1.4 About this report .......................................................................................................................... 18 2. Review of BEEER and global best practices .............................................................................. 21 2.1 Review of BEEER ....................................................................................................................... 27 2.2 Recommendation for BEEER .................................................................................................... 37 2.3 Best practices in green building rating systems ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4 Note on user guide ...................................................................................................................... 41 3. Online tools for registration and certification ..................................................................................... 45 3.1 Introduction of online registration and certification tool ................................................................... 45 3.2 Best practices of online certification tools ....................................................................................... 47 3.3 Suggestions for BEEER .................................................................................................................. 49 4. Capacity Building for BEEER ............................................................................................................ 52 4.1 Capacity building – definition and background ............................................................................... 52 4.2 Need of capacity building for BEER ................................................................................................ 52 4.3 Methodology of capacity buildng plan ............................................................................................. 52 4.4 Capacity Building Plan .................................................................................................................... 53 5. MRV for Green Buildings .................................................................................................................. 63 5.1 About Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) - Definition and Concept ..................... 63 5.2 Potential options for MRV of Green Buildings ............................................................................. 65 5.3 International Experience .............................................................................................................. 68 6. Estimation of energy saving potential of BEEER at building level and national level ................. 71 6.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 71 6.2 Estimation of building level savings ............................................................................................ 71 6.3 Estimation of national level savings ............................................................................................ 75 Annexure 1: Energy, water, and environment conservation measures …………………….…………… 70 Annexure 2: Proposed template for credit structure ............................................................................. 81 Annexure 3: Review of national building sector institutional dimensions ............................................. 82 Page | 2 Annexure 4: Review of energy efficiency related regulations and linkage with BEEER ....................... 89 List of tables Table 1 List of aspects and credits of BEEER ............................................................................................ 28 Table 2 Energy Efficiency requirements mentioned in BNBC .................................................................... 31 Table 3 Details of building survey undertaken for development of BEEER ................................................ 32 Table 4 Energy baseline of other rating system ......................................................................................... 32 Table 5 Brief about BEEER inspection and surveillance process .............................................................. 33 Table 6 Implementation framework of BEEER ........................................................................................... 35 Table 7: The list of stakeholders’ specific capacity development needs .................................................... 55 Table 8: Mapping of stakeholders with method/mode of capacity development ........................................ 59 Table 9 Benefits of MRV ............................................................................................................................. 64 Table 10 Brief about select Green Building MRVs ..................................................................................... 68 Table 11 Parameters considered for simulation of residential building ...................................................... 72 Table 12 Details of Energy Efficiency Measures implemented in simulated residential building ............... 73 Table 13 Parameters considered for simulation of commercial building .................................................... 73 Table 14 Details of energy efficiency measures implemented in simulated commercial building .............. 74 Table 15 List of Energy, Water, Environment Conservation Measures ...................................................... 79 Table 16 Local government or enforcement bodies ................................................................................... 84 Table 17 Validity of Permit .......................................................................................................................... 85 Table 18 Linkage of BEEER with energy efficiency regulations ................................................................. 89 List of figures Figure 1 Aspects and rating levels of BEEER............................................................................................... 7 Figure 2 Suggestion for inclusion of BEEER in building permit process ...................................................... 8 Figure 3 National level energy savings estimated from implementation of BEEER in next 10 years......... 12 Figure 4 Historical GDP growth vis-à-vis primary energy consumption growth in Bangladesh1,2 .............. 14 Figure 5 Energy consumption growth in Bangladesh (Mtoe from 2017 to 2041 – PSMP forecast4 .......... 14 Figure 6 Emerging role of energy efficiency and conservation in Bangladesh ........................................... 15 Figure 7 Brief about Energy Efficiency and Conservation Master Plan 2030 ............................................. 16 Figure 8 Aspects covered in BEEER and certification levels...................................................................... 18 Figure 9 List of green building ratings/certification covered during global review of best practices ........... 21 Page | 3 Figure 10 Approaches for coverage of building typology ............................................................................ 22 Figure 11 Certification level in BEEER ....................................................................................................... 28 Figure 12 Comparison of aspects and weightage across select green building rating systems ................ 30 Figure 13 BEEER certification process ....................................................................................................... 33 Figure 14 BEEER Implementation Framework (proposed in November 2020 draft rating document) ....... 35 Figure 15 Illustration of building permit process with voluntary provision of BEEER certification .............. 38 Figure 11 List of green building ratings/certification covered during global review of best practices ... 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Figure 17 Scope of a user guide ................................................................................................................. 42 Figure 18 Type of Certification tools ........................................................................................................... 45 Figure 19 Stakeholders for online certification tool ..................................................................................... 47 Figure 20 Methodology of capacity building plan ........................................................................................ 53 Figure 21: Categories of stakeholders identified for capacity development and awareness generation ... 54 Figure 22: GRIHA training ........................................................................................................................... 57 Figure 23: GRIHA summit organised for construction industry ................................................................... 57 Figure 24:USGBC ad campaign #FindYourLEED launched in 2016 .......................................................... 58 Figure 25 Distribution of capacity building plan in short and medium term ................................................ 61 Figure 26 MRV definition............................................................................................................................. 63 Figure 27 Measurement and verification concept ....................................................................................... 63 Figure 28 Distribution of electricity usage in residential building in baseline case ..................................... 72 Figure 29 Energy savings from implemented energy efficiency measures in residential building ............. 73 Figure 30 Distribution of electricity use in simulated commercial building .................................................. 74 Figure 31 Energy savings from implementation of energy efficiency measures in commercial building.... 75 Figure 32 Historical and forecasted data of building stock and annual electricity use by building sector in Bangladesh ................................................................................................................................................. 75 Figure 33 Projected penetration of BEEER in different scenarios .............................................................. 76 Figure 34 National level energy savings estimated from implementation of BEEER in next 10 years....... 77 Figure 35 Institutional framework of Bangladesh Building and Construction Sector .................................. 84 Figure 36 Works exempted from permit requirement ................................................................................. 85 Figure 37 Stages of building permit ............................................................................................................ 85 Figure 38 Information required for special permit (example of RAJUK) ..................................................... 87 Page | 4 Page | 5 Executive Summary Page | 6 Executive summary Bangladesh, due to its topography and geographical location, is highly prone to natural disasters and greatly exposed to the impacts of climate change (e.g., sea-level rise, cyclone, flood, and rising temperatures). This makes various sectors in the country vulnerable and stressed. Construction and building sector is one of these sectors, which is seriously affected by rising temperatures and strongly determines the country’s pathway towards sustainable development. A considerable quantum of resources (energy, water, material etc.) is being consumed both during the construction and operations phase of buildings. Bangladesh’s residential sector constituted more than 40% 1 of the total electricity consumption in 2017, and the demand has increased ever since. Rising temperatures add further stress on the building sector resulting in higher energy demand and consumption in private and public buildings, as well as in increasing emission of GHG. Consequently, the saving of energy and resources during both the construction and operation processes in the building sector should be given high priority to cost-effectively reduce GHG emissions, ensure energy security and promote sustainable growth. Energy Efficiency in Bangladesh The Energy Conservation (EC) Act was notified in 2014 and provided an energy efficiency (EE) framework along with the subsequent establishment of the Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority (SREDA). SREDA, as a nodal agency for EE in the country, has the mandate to implement demand-side EE programs, and formulate policies, rules, regulations and guidelines, and facilitate and monitor the implementation of the various provisions of the EC Act. In 2016, SREDA developed the Energy Efficiency & Conservation Master plan (EECMP) 2030 with support from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Focus of EECMP is to establish policies, programs, and legal documents for promotion of energy efficiency in Bangladesh. The Master plan aims to achieve this target through the adoption and implementation of EEC regulatory measures such as energy management program (Energy Audit Program), EE Labelling Program, EE&C Buildings Program, and EE&C Financial Incentive Program(s). BEEER As part of the EE&C building program, to improve the awareness of generic users of the buildings about resource efficiency and sustainable habitat and to benchmark the energy and environment performance of a building against the standard/minimum requirement defined in BNBC, SREDA has developed the Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating System (BEEER). The rating or labelling systems for green buildings are effective tools for incentivizing the construction sector and material suppliers to become greener by applying more sustainable building practices. The BEEER rating is applicable for residential, commercial, factory and industrial building typologies. BEEER rating is applicable for both new as well as existing building. For award of rating under BEEER, the applicant building is evaluated against 51 credits, with maximum possible score of 145. Under BEEER, 51 credits have been classified in 10 broad categories. List of 10 building aspects covered in BEEER system are provided in figure2 1 1 SREDA: Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating System for design and construction of buildings, 2018 2 Source: BEEER system (version: Nov 2020) Page | 7 Figure 1 Aspects and rating levels of BEEER About this study This report is focused on the review of the draft BEEER document (Version: November:2020)3 to identify potential barriers and implementation opportunities to identify recommendations to help strengthen the implementation and delivery of BEEER system in Bangladesh, based on global experiences and practices in green and EE building rating systems. Gaps, barriers to implementation of BEEER and recommendations Based on review of BEEER and international green building ratings, some of the key gaps and barriers linked with implementation of BEEER have been identified. List of gaps and barriers to implementation of BEEER are provided below • Some of the credit descriptions are abstract in nature and limited detailing is available about measurement, standard conditions, calculation methodology, duration, schedule, and examples. • Detailed user guide to help applicant, reviewer and other stakeholders is not available. • Pilot implementation to identify the practical challenges related to design and implementation process is yet to be initiated • Implementation framework and inspection and surveillance provided in BEEER document is high level and lacks detailing, which may be pose a challenge in implementation • Protocol related to monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) is not defined • Approach for online certification tool, which is generally used for effective and timely information exchange between potential applicants and the rating system administrators (and other stakeholders) for registration and processing of application, has not been envisaged. • Tips for energy conservation shared in BEEER document seems limited. Annexure 1 presents several energy, water, and environment conservation measures classified as per the various aspects of the building covered in BEEER. Recommendations for strengthening BEEER implementation, identified as part of this study are listed below. Detailing of credits requirements • Some of the credit descriptions should be more objective and elaborate to facilitate a smooth implementation process and a better understanding from BEEER rating applicants. Suggestive 3 Source: BEEER Version 1 revised – 4 (Nov 2020). https://elibrary.sreda.gov.bd/public/admin/files/books_2021042884785978.pdf Page | 8 template for credit description (developed based on gaps identified in various credits of draft BEEER document) are provided in Annexure 2. • It is proposed to undertake pilot implementation of BEEER in sample number of buildings, that may help in identifying further gaps and barriers in credit design, implementation framework and other aspects of BEEER. • After implementation of BEEER in pilot buildings, a detailed user guide may be developed (based on the learnings of the pilot study) to support applicants and other stakeholders in registration, review, inspection and award of BEEER rating. Brief about user guide content and suggestions for development of BEEER user guide is provided in section 2.4. • Based on the review of the methodology used for establishing the baseline of BEEER system, it was observed that in case of BEEER, BNBC or ASHRAE has been considered as baseline. Since, BNBC is a mandatory and/or legally established document, this eliminates/minimizes probability of any potential conflicts among relevant parties (beneficiary or accessor) while estimating baseline case. Technologies related to appliances/equipment and building material are improving rapidly, therefore, the current requirement of BEEER i.e. 5% more efficient than baseline, may become business as usual in next 2 – 3 years. In this regard, it may become imperative to update minimum requirement of BEEER (especially in mandatory credits) every 2 – 3 years to maintain the aspirational aspect of green building rating system. Implementation • The implementation framework and formats proposed in the draft BEEER document seems basic. More details about the role and responsibilities of stakeholders, especially regarding third parties, should be provided. In the present implementation framework, the role of local government departments such as RAJUK and other city corporations has been limited to a representation on technical committee. To promote adoption, BEEER may be included as a voluntary or mandatory step, for a limited period, for buildings of selected typology. For example, government building with more than a specific floor area. A detailed review of national building sector institutional dimensions, permits and surveillance policies is presented in Annexure 3. The implementation of BEEER system should be comprehensively integrated in the current building implementation framework and should follow the same processes to facilitate its smooth deployment. The inclusion of BEEER in the present building permit process is provided in figure 2. The steps relevant for BEEER are in green text box. Land use Building Occupancy certificate permit certificate Large and Application Submission of specialized for BEEER documentation and project and initial issuance of final permit point award BEEER certification Figure 2 Suggestion for inclusion of BEEER in building permit process Online registration and certification tool For ease of managing registration, review and evaluation of green building rating applications, online process is preferred across established green building rating systems. Online registration and certification is an important tool for implementation of green building rating system. However, as BEEER document is yet to be approved by concerned ministry, it is recommended to develop online certification tool in phased Page | 9 manner for BEEER, starting with a web-based application form as first step. Detailed approach and other recommendations for online certification tool for BEEER is provided in chapter 3. Some of the major recommendations are the following: • Development of tool in phased manner starting with web-based application form in phase 1. Calculators may be developed to estimate outcome of select credits in phase 2. In phase 3, online certification tool with basic analysis capabilities may be developed by incorporating online forms and calculators, and in phase 4, online certification with advanced analysis capabilities may be developed. • Language support: Tool may support multiple languages such as English, Bangla or any other local language to enable wide scale participation. • Approach for online certification tool: Since the online certification tool is yet to be developed for BEEER, there are multiple approaches which may be followed by SREDA. Probable options may include: ▪ Development of new tool in phased manner, as suggested in previous point ▪ Collaboration with other green building rating systems to use their existing tool, once appropriate customisation is in place. For example, EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies), a tool developed by IFC. ▪ Use of software as service. Awareness and Training Capacity building of stakeholders is important for effective implementation of BEEER. Some of the major suggestions for awareness and training of stakeholders are listed below: • Trainings and hand holding support to applicant (personnel of building management, applying for BEEER certification) for registration, verification and evaluation process is an important requirement and helps in reducing the errors (by applicants) and duration of application processing. • Training of accessor (individual assigned with task of reviewing building performance against BEEER credits) and green rating professionals should be carried out regularly to ensure to consistent assessment and documentation in sync with the requirement of the rating system. • Training on conducting charrettes to consider an integrated design approach from the planning stage of the project is essential for maximizing the benefits of the green building rating system. • Training and use of energy simulation in buildings by applicants and other stakeholders help in envisaging the benefits of green building and helps the management in decision making. • Case studies of similar project helps in building confidence among application during nascent stage of rating system. A detailed approach and plan for capacity building of BEEER is provided in chapter 4. Inspection and surveillance process Inspection and surveillance process of a green building rating system generally includes review of application against the requirement of various credits, site inspection to physically verify the claim (made in application document) and other evaluation related aspects. Recommendations related to inspection and surveillance process of BEEER are as follows: Inclusion of preliminary review in BEEER. This step may act as prefeasibility assessment for the applicant building and may help the applicant in making a decision about applying for BEEER rating and the rating level to be targeted for their building. This may also help in identification of shortcomings and opportunities at design stage. Page | 10 • Detailing of inspection and surveillance process: The process of review, inspection, and surveillance under BEEER needs to be elaborated to include: o Scope of M&V (to be conducted by a SREDA enlisted auditor) and analysis and review (to be undertaken by a SREDA designated institute) o Role and responsibilities of applicant and third-party agencies in inspection and surveillance process o Timelines of inspection and surveillance process • Use of split review: The present inspection and surveillance under BEEER is envisaged during a single phase, where the applicant submits the application and required documentation, and the same is evaluated against BEEER credits. In the present draft BEEER document, it is not explicitly mentioned whether BEEER application and review is envisaged during design/construction stage or during post construction stage. Based on the review of best practices of other ratings, it is suggested to split the review and inspection process in two phases, which may have design/construction phase and post construction phase based on the specific requirements of BEEER system. • Review in operational phase (post rating award): Most of the building ratings evaluates only the design stage, and none or limited assessment is done periodically to assess operational performance of the building. In this regard, the following assessment and interventions may be considered post rating certification award: o Assessment to confirm whether the building is operating as per the certification level, and to assess the performance of interventions planned at the design stage. This activity will help in securing feedback about performance of various technologies/solutions and on credit design. o In case the building is not performing as per set criteria, appropriate support may be planned such as capacity building of building management, support in developing periodic monitoring system, etc. o Online performance monitoring is also an option to ensure post certification award performance. Some of the green rating systems provide this as an optional feature to applicants. For example, LEED dynamic Plaque or Arc https://arcskoru.com/. • Include credit interpretation ruling on Website: As BEEER is a new rating system and during early stage of implementation, applicants may have queries regarding overall process and credit interpretation. To improve the overall understanding of applicants about credits requirements, any query regarding interpretation of credit raised by an application may be published on the SREDA website or BEEER portal as BEEER FAQ. Incentives Few of the incentives, such as loans with low interest rate for green building project, extra Floor Area Ratio (FAR), and loans with low interest rate for energy efficient appliances purchase are already proposed for green buildings in Bangladesh4. Considering the stage of implementation (which is introductory stage), local context regarding building rating approval and fess, the following incentives may be more relevant for accelerating adoption of BEEER: • Property Tax Incentive – Offer a lower property tax rate to developers for one or more years to offset the extra costs of building green • Permitting timelines and fee 4 Based on the presentation from SREDA during knowledge exchange programme - Page | 11 o Expedited Permitting – Limit the permitting process to a minimum number of days for green construction. o Reduced Permitting – Waive or partially reimburse permit fees for developers who certify their projects green. • Feasibility study plays an important role in providing a visibility on benefits and RoI to applicant and provides confidence. Some of rating systems support applicants in conducting feasibility study by covering the cost of the study and by providing technical support. • Green Building Legislation – To develop demonstration projects (for proof of concept) and to promote adoption of green building practices, relevant policies may be developed to mandate renovation of existing buildings and the development of all new government buildings in Bangladesh (or in few cities as a starting point) shall comply with the BEEER requirement up to a threshold rating level. Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) is a concept which helps in estimating the savings from an intervention (including energy efficiency) in an entity. MRV is a set of rules and procedures for estimating the level of resource usage, before and after the implementation of the energy efficiency intervention. MRV rules are generally finalised before undertaking the energy efficiency interventions to prevent any ambiguity and conflict of understanding in estimation of energy savings. It recommended to develop an MRV system for BEEER. The MRV will help in follow-up on the energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions per building and at national level as result of BEEER implementation. Suggestions for BEEER’s MRV are provided in chapter 5. Potential approaches suggested are listed below: • The Absolute Approach: Comparison of utility bills between baseline period and post implementation period. Applicable for existing buildings. • The EPI Improvement Approach: The improvement in the value of Energy Performance Index (EPI) can be used to estimate the energy savings of building. • The EM Rating Approach: Energy savings are estimated based on credits achieved for energy management under BEEER. • The Simulation Approach: Energy saving in this approach are estimated by simulating both, baseline and proposed case, using a simulation software. In this approach digital twin of buildings is created and energy consumption is estimated for the baseline and the green building. Energy saving potential of BEEER For estimation of energy savings from adoption of energy efficiency measures suggested in BEEER system, simulation model of a residential and commercial building was developed using DesignBuilder software. For simulated building, two cases were considered, one baseline case (without any energy efficiency measure) and proposed case (with energy efficiency measures). Details of methodology and parameters considered are provided in chapter 6. Potential of national level savings by implementation of BEEER and suggested energy efficiency measures related to building envelope and appliances is given in figure 3. Page | 12 Energy saving from implementation of BEEER 1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 Million kWh 600.00 400.00 200.00 - 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 Energy saving - Business as usual Energy saving - Moderate Scenario Energy saving - Optimistic Scenario Figure 3 National level energy savings estimated from implementation of BEEER in next 10 years Estimated impact from adoption of BEEER rating is: o Business as usual scenario: 10.65 million kWh in 2031, considering penetration in 0.53% of the total stock and percentage energy savings per building as 5%. Annual GHG emission reduction 5 in this scenario is estimated to be 6,070 tons of CO2 equivalent. o Moderate scenario: 214 million kWh in 2031, considering penetration in 3.5% of the total stock and percentage energy savings per building as 15%. Annual GHG emission reduction 6 in this scenario is estimated to be 0.12 million tons of CO2 equivalent. o Optimistic scenario: 1029 million kWh in 2031, considering penetration in 10.2% of the total stock and percentage energy savings per building as 25%. Annual GHG emission reduction 7 in this scenario is estimated to be 0.59 million tons of CO2 equivalent. 5 Source: The grid emission factor for Bangladesh is considered as 0.57 ton of CO2/MWh. Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9350889 6 Source: The grid emission factor for Bangladesh is considered as 0.57 ton of CO2/MWh. Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9350889 7 Source: The grid emission factor for Bangladesh is considered as 0.57 ton of CO2/MWh. Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9350889 Page | 13 1. Introduction Page | 14 1. Introduction 1.1 Background: Energy use in Bangladesh Bangladesh, due to its topography and geographical location, is highly prone to natural disasters and greatly exposed to the impacts of climate change (e.g., sea-level rise, cyclone, flood, and rising temperatures). This makes various sectors in the country vulnerable and stressed. Construction and building sector is one of these sectors, which is seriously affected by rising temperatures and strongly determines the country’s pathway towards sustainable development. A considerable quantum of resources (energy, water, material etc.) is being consumed both during the construction and operations phase of buildings. Bangladesh’s residential sector constituted more than 40% 8 of the total electricity consumption in 2017, and the demand has increased ever since. Rising temperatures add further stress on the building sector resulting in higher energy demand and consumption in private and public buildings, as well as in increasing emission of GHG. Consequently, the saving of energy and resources during both the construction and consumption process in the building sector should be given high priority to cost-effectively reduce GHG emissions, ensure energy security and promote sustainable growth. 16 35 The Energy–Economy Nexus: Bangladesh Perspective: Bangladesh economy has witnessed steady 30 Trillion Taka economic growth registering a Compounded Annual 11 25 Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.7% from FY011 to FY17 9. This Mtoe 20 economic growth has been caused by the growth in 6 industrial sector, followed by services sector, which 15 collectively comprises around 85% of the country’s 10 economy. The two sectors have grown at a CAGR of 7.3% 1 Figure 4 Historical GDP growth vis-à-vis primary energy from FY11 to FY17. Growth of service and industry sectors consumption growth FY11 FY12 in Bangladesh FY13 FY14 FY151,2 FY16 FY17 5 in Bangladesh has fuelled the primary energy -4 0 consumption, which has grown at a CAGR of 6.2% during Service GDP Industry GDP the same period10. Energy consumption is set to grow Agriculture GDP Primary Energy (Mtoe) further given the Government’s push to become a high- income economy by 2041 High- Per Capita Energy Bangladesh achieved the Low Middle Income Country Generation income status in 2014. It now aims at becoming a upper middle- economy income economy by 2030 and a high-income economy by 204111. Economic growth as per the vision will mean 433 700 1475 160 further growth of the industrial and service sectors, 140 which in turn will drive the primary energy consumption 120 100 Mtoe growth. The Bangladesh Power Sector Master Plan 80 2016 projects the energy consumption to grow by 5 60 40 times of the current level by 2041 to support the 20 economic growth12. 2017 2021 2041 (Projected) (Projected) Figure 5 Energy consumption growth in Bangladesh (Mtoe from 2017 to 2041 – PSMP forecast4 8 SREDA: Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating System for design and construction of buildings, 2018 9 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics; GDP at 2005-06 Constant Prices 10 BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018 11 Bangladesh Vision 2021; Bangladesh Power Sector Master Plan 2016 12 Under business-as-usual scenario, considering 2014 energy consumption as reference Page | 15 Changing energy landscape and emerging needs of Energy Efficiency (EE) & conservation: The energy sector in Bangladesh has evolved over time. Before 1980s, the energy sector was highly dependent on imported petroleum products, resulting in financial burden. 1985-onwards, domestic natural gas production accelerated. Gas gradually became the mainstay of the energy-mix. However, since the past decade, the country has been facing natural gas shortage, which has hampered its economic activities and has forced the country to plan for LNG imports. The following diagram depicts the emerging critical role of Energy Efficiency & Conservation in the Bangladesh energy landscape13. Figure 6 Emerging role of energy efficiency and conservation in Bangladesh Note: R/P – Reserves to Production Ratio refers to number of years the natural gas reserves will last if production levels remain constant i.e. (Amount of Reserves / Amount Produced Annually) 13 Data Source: Petrobangla, BP Statistical Review Page | 16 Energy Efficiency in Bangladesh Above context reveals the importance of promoting the implementation of EE initiatives in Bangladesh to ensure a sustainable electricity consumption growth and to increase the country's competitiveness. Bangladesh is exploring ways to incorporate energy efficiency measures not only in sector planning but also in the regulatory framework. The Energy Conservation (EC) Act was notified in 2014 provides framework along with subsequent establishment of the Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority (SREDA). SREDA, as a nodal agency for EE in the country, has the mandate to implement demand-side EE programs, and formulate policies, rules, regulations and guidelines, and facilitate and monitor the implementation of the various provisions of the EC Act. Important regulations and policies related to energy efficiency are provided below Energy Efficiency & Conservation Master plan (EECMP) In 2016, SREDA developed the Energy Efficiency & Conservation Master plan (EECMP) to be executed as a campaign until 2030 with support from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Under the EECMP, all the policies, programs, legal documents (Act, Rules, Regulations, Circulars or Standards etc.) and frameworks are to be established. The Master plan aims to achieve this target through the adoption and implementation of EE&C regulatory measures: Energy Management Program (Energy Audit Program), EE Labelling Program, EE&C Buildings Program, and EE&C Financial Incentive Program(s). Achievements till date: Major policy and programs identified: Energy management by energy consumers: Formulation of Energy Audit Regulations Target 1. Energy management by energy Standard and labeling: Draft consumers - for large consumers regulation on Minimum Energy 2. High efficiency appliances - for Performance standard residential and commerical sector developed - 20% improvement in primary energy consumption per GDP 3. Energy efficient buildings - for Buildings: Inclusion of energy by 2030 over FY 2013-14 buidlings efficiency in the "Bangladesh 4. EE & C financing - to provide National Building Code" and - 15% improvement in primary financial incentives Drafting the "Building Energy energy consumption per GDP Efficiency and Environment by 2021 over FY 2013-14 5. Raising aawareness among Rating (BEEER) System" consumers Awareness: Inclusion of 6. Green purchase by Government energy efficiency & and obtaining relevant ISO conservation in syllabus and certifications organizing awareness program Implementation: LED street lightings in municipal sector, waste heat recovery system in CPP, EE in rice mills Figure 7 Brief about Energy Efficiency and Conservation Master Plan 2030 Energy Efficiency and Conservation Rules, 2016 The energy efficiency and conservation rules (2016) provide details about role and responsibilities of SREDA and other relevant stakeholders for implementation of energy efficiency initiatives related to: • Taking assistance of the authority, management etc. for execution of energy efficiency in Bangladesh • Standardization and Labelling of Equipment and Appliances (minimum energy performance standards) Page | 17 • Energy Conservation in Government Operations • Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy Development, Information Management and Financial Issues • Document also provides schedules related to: o List of Equipment and Appliances Applicable to Energy Efficiency Labelling Obligations o Criteria for designating large energy consumers by category o Benchmarks and minimum efficiency requirements o Annual Energy reporting format and contents of required to be submitted by designated large energy consuming establishments. Draft Energy Efficiency Labelling Regulations, 2021 Purpose of the draft Energy Efficiency Labelling Regulations, 2021 is to Implement energy efficiency labelling on the basis of Minimum Energy Performance Standard for a specific performance of machinery and equipment in energy efficiency development. The purpose of these regulations is to create public awareness on the purchase of labelled equipment and tools. The regulation broadly defines following aspects: • Roles and responsibilities of SREDA and other stakeholders • Participation in the labelling program o Relevant labelling guidelines for machinery and equipment o Procedure for receiving the label o List of documents to be submitted with the application for acceptance of label Fees • Label design and management • Test protocol, laboratory enrolment • Incentives and recognition of the label recipient Bangladesh national Building Code In order to provide safe, healthy and sustainable habitat, all activities related to building construction such as planning, design and construction needs to be regulated properly. To regulate the technical details of building construction and to maintain the standard of construction the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) was first published in 1993. In 2006 the Building Construction Act was amended to include a new Section 18A empowering the Government to promulgate the Building Code as a legally binding document. The updated BNBC (2015 and 2020 version) contains chapters addressing the issues of energy conservation, rainwater harvesting and distribution mechanisms in buildings. The purpose of including this chapter in the Code is to enhance the design and construction of buildings through the use of building concepts having a positive environmental impact and encourage sustainable construction practices, allowing efficiency and conservation of energy, water and building materials, and to promote resource efficiency. It also defines the minimum standards regarding building envelope, building services, appliances used and other relevant aspects (of the building) to inculcate some level of energy and resource efficient practices in building design and construction. These practices result in reduction in overall energy demand of the building in comparison to the any other similar building, which is not constructed as per BNBC 2020. 1.2 Building energy efficiency and environment rating (BEEER) system To improve the awareness of generic user (of the buildings) about resource efficiency and sustainable habitat and to benchmark the energy and environment performance of a building against the standard/minimum requirement defined in BNBC, a green building rating system named as Building Energy and Environment Rating System (BEEER) was developed by SREDA. Page | 18 Rating or labelling systems for green buildings are also an effective tool for incentivizing the construction sector and material suppliers to become greener by applying more sustainable building practices. BEEER system (version: Nov 2020) covers 10 different aspects of buildings to evaluate the energy and environment performance of a building. List of building aspects covered in BEEER system are provided in figure14 8. Figure 8 Aspects covered in BEEER and certification levels 1.3 About this project This World Bank assignment aims at review of draft BEEER document to identify potential barriers and opportunities (in implementation) and use global experience and practices in green and EE building rating systems, to identify recommendations to help strengthen the implementation and delivery of BEEER system in Bangladesh. List of tasks executued as part of this project is provided below: Task 1: Global review of experiences, strategies and implementation practices of green building rating system Task 2: Review of BEEER, national building sector institutional dimensions, permits and surveillance policies Task 3: Preparation of a note on online certification tool Task 4: Development of capacity building plan to create awareness among stakeholders about BEEER Task 5: Proposal for Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) to follow-up on the energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions, as the result of the implementation of the BEEER. Task 6: Estimation of energy saving potential of BEEER system 1.4 About this report This report is prepared based on the outcome and learnings from execution of above-mentioned tasks. This report contains 6 chapters and a brief about content each of them is provided below: 14 Source: BEEER system (version: Nov 2020) Page | 19 Chapter 1 Introduction provides background about energy use in Bangladesh, highlights of developments in energy efficiency in Bangladesh, BEEER rating system and purpose of this project. Chapter 2 Review of BEEER and global best practices provides outcome review of BEEER, potential recommendations for implementation of BEEER and list of global best practices for different aspects of green building rating system. Some of the recommendations identified in this chapter regarding development of user guide, online certification tool, capacity building of stakeholders and monitoring, reporting and verification plan, has been covered in detail in subsequent chapters. Chapter 3 Online tools for registration and certification provides a brief about online certification tool, its relevance for green building rating system. The chapter also provides potential approach and suggestions on how BEEER may develop an online registration and certification tools. Chapter 4 Capacity building plan for improving awareness about BEEER provides background and role capacity building in implementation of green building rating system. The chapter also provides broad approach and suggestions, that may be considered for improving awareness about BEEER among stakeholders. Chapter 5 Monitoring reporting and verification (MRV) for green buildings covers the MRV concept and probable options of MRV for BEEER. Chapter 6 Energy Saving potential of BEEER provides an estimate of energy saving potential at building level and national level through adoption of BEEER rating system. Page | 20 2. Review of BEEER and global best practices on green buildings rating systems Page | 21 2. Review of BEEER and global best practices on green building rating systems For mitigating the impact of buildings on the environment, through sustainable design, green building standards for design and construction of building were created. A green building rating system is a tool that evaluates the performance of a building (against set of green standards) and its impact on the environment. Green building rating system comprises of predefined set of criteria relating to the design, construction, and operational aspects of buildings. This chapter provides results of a detailed review of BEEER (November 2020 version) vis-à-vis global best practices and experiences of green buildings rating systems. The analysis of best practices and lessons learned of international green building rating systems were presented in a separated report: Green buildings Rating systems: Global Review of Experiences, Strategies and Implementation Practices (February 2021), where 15 green building rating/certification systems adopted globally were deeply assess. Figure 9 below provides the list of rating systems evaluated and main parameters analyzed. • Bangladesh (BEEER) • USA (LEED) • United Kingdom (BREEAM and Energy Performance Certificate) • Canada (Green Globes) • Germany (ENERGIEAUSWEIS, DGNB) • Ireland (Building energy rating certificate) • Japan (CASBEE) Green building rating • South Korea (G - SEED) systems • Singapore (BCA Green Mark) • India (GRIHA, IGBC, ASSOCHAM GEM, BEE star rating) • Pakistan (SEED) • Australia (Green star) • IFC EDGE • Well Building Standard • Living Building Challenge • Type of buildings covered • Eligibility criteria • Aspects covered • Weightages of each aspects • Voluntary or Mandatory Parameters compared • Incentives and policy support available for adaptation of rating system • Implementation Framework • Penalty or other provisions for enforcement • Tips for improving energy and environment performance provided • Validity of rating Figure 9 List of green building ratings/certification covered during global review of best practices Based on this review and comparative analysis, best practices for aspects such as scope and eligibility, ease of use, aspects covered, weightage of aspects, policy mandate, incentives, implementation framework, MRV, training/awareness etc. were identified. Section 2.1 presents the best practices of green building rating systems for the parameters mentioned in figure 9. Section 2.2 provides BEEER review on covers credits, scoring and rating levels, baseline, inspection and surveillance process, implementation mechanism and incentives and barriers and opportunities for implementation. Section 2.3 identifies main gaps and barriers and provides suggestions Page | 22 for strengthening of BEEER design and implementation processes and related aspects to support adoption of this new rating system in Bangladesh. Section 2.4 provides brief about the user guide, its use for supporting green building implementation and typical details available in this document. 2.1 Best practices in green building rating systems 2.1.1 Scope Building typology Most of the green building ratings systems are applicable for various typology of buildings like homes, office, schools, hospitals, industrial buildings, hotel, specialty buildings etc. Rating systems across the world follow three different approaches for accommodating different building type. These approaches are as follows: Approach 1: Single rating system for all building type Approach 2: Single rating system with common as well as typology specific requirements Approach 3: Multiple rating systems, each applicable for individual building type. Figure 10 Approaches for coverage of building typology The rating system following approach 2 and 3 have some benefits over approach 1 which includes: • Ease of understanding for applicant • Ease of evaluation by third party • Effective in meeting the objective as the requirements are well defined for each building type Rating systems such as LEED and IGBC covers mentioned aspects in a detail and transparent manner. Building life cycle Most of the green building rating system are applicable for buildings in different stage of its life such as new building, existing building and retrofits. For ease of understanding and use, some green building rating systems such as IGBC, GRIHA, ASSOCHAM GEM, Green Mark, G SEED provide a separate rating system to cover buildings that are at different stages in life cycle. Community and city level project To promote integrated planning, resource optimization and sustainable development at community and city level, some of the rating systems also have separate rating provision for community and city level projects. Rating system such as Green Star, LEED, GRIHA and CASBEE have separate provision for neighbourhood, community and city project. 2.1.2 Eligibility criteria Most of the rating systems define a minimum eligibility requirement as a pre-requisite a building to be considered for registration or award of certification. Eligibility for registration Some of the rating system define specific eligibility criteria for a building to apply for the rating system. These eligibility criteria generally linked to gross floor area or age of building. Eligibility criteria of some of the rating systems are as follows: • SEED: the building should have minimum gross floor area of 1000 square feet Page | 23 • GRIHA: The design stage or operational buildings having a built-up area greater than 2,500 sq. meter are eligible for certification under GRIHA • DNGB: The completion and commissioning of the building at the time of certification has occurred no longer than three years back. Eligibility for certification Some of the rating system define mandatory or essential parameters as part of the evaluation criteria to ensure that the applicant building meets minimum energy and/or environment performance level. Green building rating systems that have mandatory or essential parameters as part of evaluation criteria include BEEER, Green Mark etc. 2.1.3 Aspects and weightages Aspects Each of the green Building rating system, reviewed in this study, has different credit criteria and weightage for the assessment of the buildings. However, most of the rating systems broadly cover aspects like management and planning, energy, water, location and site management, emission/waste, indoor environment quality, construction material etc. in the evaluation criteria. Example of some unique aspects covered in reviewed green building rating systems are as follows: • Aspects such as CSR and construction health and safety (both in construction and operation) are covered extensively in rating systems of Bangladesh (BEEER). • Some rating system like GRIHA, ASSOCHAM, IGBC, Green Star Green Mark, also covers aspects like design for universal accessibility which mandates special provisions in design to meet requirements of elderly and people with special needs. • Some of the rating system covers only management of waste generated during construction/demolition activity, whereas in few of rating system, also covers the waste management aspect during operational life of the building. ASSOCHAM GEM is one such example which also provide emphasis on waste management during building operations. • BEEER has provided high weightage to Construction Material contrary to other rating systems. It is important to note that construction material once used cannot be alter in future. Hence, at the construction stage it is justified to give it higher weightage. On the other hand, aspects like Water can be easily improved by retrofitting with minimum design changes. Weightages of each aspects The weightage provided to each aspect and underlying parameters generally depend upon factor such as the local regulation/policy, climate, national/regional priorities etc. Moreover, it has been observed globally that the maturity of the construction sector together with conventional building standards in the country also determine the weightage of each aspect. Hence, the building rate should be a dynamic tool which will grow and will be adapted with the building sector development. 2.1.4 Applicability - Voluntary or Mandatory A rating system can be a voluntary, market driven rating system that are solely based on the motivation of environmental, economic and reputational benefits achieved or it can be a mandatory system mandated by government/authorities through regulatory and policy interventions. Mixed is another category of rating systems, which are voluntary in nature but made mandatory by government/authorities locally. Some of the findings about applicability of reviewed green building ratings, are provided below: • Most of the rating systems globally are voluntary Page | 24 • In USA, India and Japan, the rating systems are of mixed category i.e. voluntary in nature but mandated by some local governments or for particular category of buildings. o Currently 24 Japanese local governments employ the "Sustainable Building Reporting System (SBRS)" regulation targeting the commercial sector and housing sectors. o In US, some federal Governments have made LEED mandatory. For example: the state of Maryland passed its High-Performance Buildings Act in 2008, requiring all new public construction and renovation of buildings greater than 7,500 square feet to meet at least the LEED Silver standard and o Similarly, it has been made mandatory for new government buildings to be comply with GRIHA in India • There are some countries, the rating system/certification is mandated through appropriate building regulation. Generally, in most of the countries the rating systems are piloted and then offered as voluntary product for several years. Once the market matures (in terms of availability of products, services, Accessor, implementation procedure, testing facilities, and skilled professionals) the rating systems as adopted by various regional and national authorities and made mandatory requirement. 2.1.5 Incentives and policy support In some countries, incentives are offered for adoption or meeting requirements of green building rating system. Based on review, it was observed that appropriate incentive scheme are available in USA, Australia, Canada, South Korea, India and Singapore for promotion of green building rating systems. Some of examples of incentives offered are mentioned below: Incentives: • Property Tax Incentive – Offer a lower property tax rate to developers for one or more years to offset the extra costs of building green. For example, exclusion of VAT (10%) for projects in Argentina where LEED and EDGE green building ratings are available. The tax exemption is for the first 60,000 units that apply. The units must be built by August 2022. This tax incentive is available to projects that include all of the following: o Insulation Class B, o Solar hot water collectors, and o LED lighting up to 140.000 UVA. • Height Bonus or extra floor area ratio– Allow developers to increase the height of their buildings, either as extra floors or a percentage of total floor area. For example, 3% extra floor area ratio (FAR) for a 30% improvement in energy, water and materials; 5% for a 40% improvement; and 7% for a 50% improvement is offered in Pune (India) and is available for green building ratings such as GRIHA, LEED, EDGE and IGBC. • Permitting timelines and fee o Expedited Permitting – Limit the permitting process to a minimum number of days for green construction. o Reduced Permitting – Waive or partially reimburse permit fees for developers who certify their projects green. For example, 30% reduction in building permit fees for buildings that are certified green in Ghana. Page | 25 Grants • Grants and subsidy– Incentivize solutions such as solar power and other low carbon technologies by providing block grants to cities and states. For example, o Government of Andhra Pradesh (India) offers 25% subsidy on total fixed capital investment of the project (excluding cost of land, land development, preliminary and preoperative expenses, and consultancy fees) for buildings which obtain green rating from IGBC. This incentive is applicable for MSME and large industries. o Industries Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, as per TN Industrial Policy 2021, offers a 25% subsidy on the cost of setting up environmental protection infrastructure, subject to a limit of Rs. 1 crore15 for industrial projects that obtain IGBC green certification. Projects establishing or expanding industrial units, industrial parks, R&D projects, warehousing and logistics parks shall be eligible for availing this Green Industry Incentive. Loans and financing • Loan Programs – Set up a loan fund at the central bank level so developers who build green can receive reduced interest rates. For example, o Discounted financing rate for the extra cost of green measures at 9%, available at all commercial banks in Bangladesh (comprising at least 5% of portfolios). o 100% tax exemption on interest income for bonds and securities used to raise funds for green building projects as defined under the Green Bond Standards in Kenya. The bond may be issued by a corporate entity or a financial institution. Technical assistance • Technical Assistance – Train planners, building inspectors and other government staff how to qualify green building design. • Financial Assistance – Financial assistance to cover part of green certification cost. For example, Gujarat Tourism Policy 2021-25 (India) offers reimbursement of 50% of Certification fee, with a maximum limit of INR 10.0 lakh16, to hotel / wellness resorts obtaining green rating from Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). Awareness • Public Campaigns – Generate public support through advocacy efforts. Work with utility companies to build evidence of results and communicate successes to the public. Policy • Net Metering – Work with utility companies to enable building owners to generate renewable energy to the grid, resulting in carbon positive buildings which can be certified by green building ratings. • Green Building Legislation – Bundle a certification standard directly into a new set of green building codes. For example, Public Works Department (PWD), Government of Maharashtra, has mandated that the renovation of existing buildings and the development of all new government buildings in Maharashtra shall comply with the 'Green building concept' and further get it rated from green building rating system such as GRIHA, IGBC. 15 Conversion rate: 1 USD = INR 75 16 Conversion rate: 1 USD = INR 75 Page | 26 2.1.6 Penalty or other provisions for enforcement Some of the countries, which have made rating systems mandatory as per a regulatory requirement, have also defined penalty provisions. Few examples of the penalty provisions are provided below: • In Ireland, non-compliance can result in a maximum fine of €5,000 or a prison term of up to 3 months, or both. • In Germany, the law now requires that an Energy Performance Certificate be available for a property if a potential buyer or tenant requests one. Owners who fail to provide a certificate when asked are subject to a fine of up to 15,000 euros (about $20,000). 2.1.7 Implementation Framework Most of the green building rating systems have clearly defined the steps, procedure and responsibility matrix of certification process. This includes details on the registration process, payable fee, pre-requisites, eligibility, documents required, verification process, role of third-party auditor, timeframe etc. Almost all the rating systems provide implementation support by providing guidance document, case studies. Some of the rating system, such as DNGB, assign dedicated personnel to applicant to provide hand holding support from registration till award of certification. 2.1.8 Awareness creation Some of the green building ratings provide additional support to the building management and occupants by providing awareness on aspects such as registration process, benefits of green ratings, environmental impact of buildings, energy and resource saving tips, etc. For example, in GRIHA, awareness among building management personnel and/or occupants is created through: • Orientation workshop: An orientation workshop, conducted by GRIHA Council officials, just after completion of registration, to provide detailed information of the rating along with an elaborate explanation to all the criteria, and post addressing project-specific queries of the teams. • Green awareness drive: Post award of final rating, the GRIHA Council conducts awareness program to impart basic knowledge and understanding on green buildings and energy and resource saving tips to building occupants. 2.1.9 Others best practices Post award monitoring To ensure that the building is maintaining a regular compliance during operational phase, ASSOCHAM GEM is providing real time monitoring services through command centers. This is done by installing sensors and appropriate communication devices at monitored building for relaying of data regarding monitored parameters. This service is presently voluntary in nature and building management or administrator can get this information on real time basis by paying a nominal monthly to ASSOCHAM GEM MRV Protocol Monitoring, Review and Verification (MRV) protocol is defined in some of the green building rating systems which include LEED, Green Globes, Green Star, CASBEE and IFC. Tips for Energy Savings provided To help building owners/management in identifying relevant measure to improve energy, water and resource efficiency, green building rating systems provide information in user guides in form of: • Thumb rules for energy saving, Page | 27 • Minimum Energy and Environment performance requirement related to various appliance or aspects, as defined by local regulation. • Case studies and examples. Some green building rating system also provide support to building management in undertaking audit studies for identifying building specific resource saving measures and in preparation of investment grade detailed project reports. Validity of rating Validity of certification awarded under various green building rating system varies from 3 to 10 years. In case of Green Star (Australia), the certificate is renewed every year on the basis of thorough performance review of the building. Energy audit is also a requirement in some of the rating system, like BEEER and GRIHA for renewal certification. This helps building management in identifying technically feasible and cost-effective measures for saving resources like water, energy etc. 2.2 Review of BEEER 2.2.1 Brief about BEEER To improve the awareness of generic user (of the buildings) about resource efficiency and sustainable habitat and to benchmark the energy and environment performance of a building against the standard/minimum requirement defined in BNBC, BEEER was developed by SREDA. The BEEER rating is applicable for residential, commercial, factory and industrial building typology. BEEER rating is applicable for both new as well as existing building. For award of rating under BEEER, applicant building is evaluated against 51 credits, with maximum possible score of 145. Under BEEER, 51 credits have been classified in 10 broad categories, which include: • Management and planning • Energy management • Water management • Construction health and safety • Project site management • Building envelope design • Indoor management • Construction material management • Innovation • Corporate social responsibility Some of the credits of BEEER are mandatory i.e., the applicant building must comply with all mandatory parameters to meet the minimum eligibility under BEEER. Total score for mandatory parameters in BEEER is 33. Details about above parameters of above categories is provided in subsequent section. Based on the total score of building out of 145, it is awarded one of the following five certification levels, as provided in figure 11. The figure also includes the certification format, as provided in draft BEEER document. The certification format includes name of the building, typology, location, type (air conditioned or non-air conditioned), build up area (square feet), annual energy consumption (in terms of kWh/square feet/year) and validity. Page | 28 Figure 11 Certification level in BEEER 2.2.2 Credits, scoring and rating levels Details of credits of BEEER covered under mentioned 10 categories is provided in table below. The table also provides maximum possible score for each credit. Table 1 List of aspects and credits of BEEER Credit Category Credit name Points Remarks No. Management and 1 Recognized Professional 2 Mandatory Planning 2 Planning, Design & Approval 2 Mandatory 3 Assessment of the Site and Surroundings 2 4 Site Selection 2 5 Site Improvement & Protect/Restore Habitat 2 6 Open Space Management 1 Rainwater Management during Construction at Project Site 7 2 Site Management 8 Outdoor Light Control at Site & Surrounding 1 9 Easy Access to the site 1 10 Bicycle Parking 2 11 Car Parking 2 12 Community services 2 13 Daylight 4 Building 14 Naturally Ventilated Spaces for Passive Design 6 Envelope Design Building 15 Building Orientation for Passive Design Building 1 16 Water Metering 1 Mandatory Water 17 Water Use Reduction – Outdoor 2 Management 18 Water Use Reduction – Indoor 8 Mandatory Page | 29 Credit Category Credit name Points Remarks No. Water Reduction in Cooling Towers & Air 19 1 conditioners 20 Rainwater Harvesting from Building 3 21 Energy Metering 1 Mandatory 22 Minimum Energy Performance 5 Mandatory 23 Heat Island Effect Reduction at Site / Roof 2 24 Measurement and Verifications 3 Energy 25 Advanced Energy Performance 20 Management 26 Demand Response 5 27 Renewable Energy Incorporation 10 Mandatory Management of Refrigeration & Airconditioning 28 3 system 29 Green power 2 30 Ventilation 1 31 Tobacco / Smoke Control 1 Indoor 32 Less Emitting Materials 2 Environment 33 Lighting at Interior Space 1 34 Acoustics Quality 1 35 Clean Cooking (Homes) 1 36 Reuse of Existing Building Materials 5 37 Certified Building Materials 4 38 Energy Efficient Construction Materials 2 39 Efficient Construction Technology 2 40 Construction and Demolition Waste Management 2 Construction Materials 41 Recycle Content of Materials 2 Management 42 Mercury & Lead Pollution Reduction 1 43 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1 44 Certified Wood 1 45 Local and Regional Construction Materials 2 46 Whole Building Lifecycle Assessment 5 Construction Safety Equipment, Signage and Emergency 47 2 Mandatory Health and Equipment at Site Page | 30 Credit Category Credit name Points Remarks No. Safety 48 On site Accommodation during Construction 2 49 Operation and maintenance Safety 2 Mandatory Innovation 50 Innovation 5 Bonus Points 51 Corporate Social Responsibility 2 The weightage provided to each credit and underlying parameters generally depend upon factor such as the local regulation/policy, climate, national/regional priorities, etc. The separated report Green buildings Rating systems: Global Review of Experiences, Strategies and Implementation Practices (February 2021) includes an analysis and comparison of weightage of aspects across various green building rating systems. Since number of aspects and categories vary across the rating systems, some of them were merged for comparison purposes. For instance, in BEEER, sustainable sites and location & transportation have been clubbed in project site management. The graph providing comparison of weightage across various rating system is provided in figure17 12. 45% Cateogry score as a percentage of total score (%) 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Management and planning Energy Management Water Management Construction health and safety Project site management Indoor management Construction material management Innovation CSR Figure 12 Comparison of aspects and weightage across select green building rating systems Main conclusions of this analysis were the following: • According to the comparison, the energy criterion has the highest weightage on almost all rating tools, ranging from 22% to 43%. BREEAM-UK & G SEED-South Korea prioritize Project site management instead of energy. The figure 12 shows that, BEEER is a rating system quite focused on the energy category assigning almost half of the weightage (43%), similarly to Green Globes-Canada (40%). • All ratings systems analyzed have assigned more weightage to Project Site Management category (between 19% and 30%) than BEEER (12%) and GRIHA, India (6%). BEEER and GRIHA have given more weightage to construction material aspect instead. 17 Analysis done by project team Page | 31 • Indoor management is another important category globally (between 11% and 17%). However, BEEER has allocated lowest weightage (5%) to this aspect in comparison to other rating systems. • Most of the rating system has considered Innovation aspect. South Korea (G SEED) and Australia (Green Star) has provided to this aspect the highest weightage, more than 10%. • BEEER is aligned with most of the rating systems analyzed, which water aspect is around 10% of the total score. 2.2.3 Baseline of BEEER Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) is a mandatory and legal document for buildings construction firms, owners, architects, and engineers in Bangladesh. BNBC provides regulation and/or minimum requirement of building type (office, residence, commercial building, etc.), size (height, floor area), structure strength, indoor condition, construction material, etc. Annexure 4 provides a review of energy efficiency related regulations and linkage with BEEER. BNBC is the core program for promoting energy efficiency and conservation (EE&C) in buildings and contains the following requirement on building energy efficiency: o Heat insulation and/or ventilation performance of building envelope o Energy efficiency of building equipment (HVAC, lighting, fans, hot water supply, lift, escalator, renewable energy options) o Water efficiency and management and Sanitation o Roof gardening and vegetation. BEEER system has considered Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) as baseline 18. As per energy performance credit, building with minimum energy saving of 5 % from building system and envelope, compared with the baseline (Renewable Energy is excluded) is eligible for BEEER and the building should comply with minimum requirement of BNBC19 preferably or ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010. List of minimum energy efficiency requirement mentioned in BNBC document is provided in the table below: Table 2 Energy Efficiency requirements mentioned in BNBC Sr No Parameter Requirement mentioned in BNBC 1 Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) Visible Light Transmittance (VLT)20 should be more than 35% 2 Roof Insulation and Green Roofing Fifty (50) percent of horizontal exposed roof slabs of Buildings of System Occupancy (Educational, Hospitals, Offices) shall have green roofing system, to manage water run-off from roof tops, to control internal temperatures within the top floors and to reduce the carbon footprint of the building. 3 Cooling COP for HVAC 3.08 4 Solar Heat Gain Co-efficient These parameters are interlinked as per table 3.4.2 of BNBC. For (SHGC) and Window to wall ratio example, for WWR 20%, SHGC should be less than 0.6 for (WWR) selected glazing. 5 Thermal transmittance of the The overall thermal transmittance from the exposed roof should be exposed roof kept as minimum as possible and under normal conditions, the desirable value should not exceed 0.58 W/m²/⁰C. 6 Thermal transmittance of the ceiling The ceiling surface of floors which are not to be air conditioned may be suitably insulated to give an overall thermal transmittance not exceeding 1.16 W/m²/⁰C. 7 Lighting density Residential building 7 watt per square meter 18 Source: Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating System, November 2020 version, Credit 22. 19 Reference: Chapter 4 (energy efficiency and sustainability), part III, Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 2020 20 Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) describes the percentage of visible light (approximately 390 to 780 nanometres within the solar spectrum) transmitted through the glass. It is determined by the glass colour and thickness. Page | 32 Sr No Parameter Requirement mentioned in BNBC Commercial building (Office): 9 watt per square meter To understand energy saving potential of present stock of buildings in Bangladesh and to set targets, SREDA team conducted survey of 30 buildings. The total floor area of surveyed building was 796,000 m2. Details about type of buildings covered in the survey and results are provided in the table below. The result of this survey provided guidance to SREDA in designing of credits of BEEER rating system. Table 3 Details of building survey undertaken for development of BEEER Sr. Particular Unit Value About building stock Office, Residence, Hospital, Educational 1 Building Categories - Institute, Shopping Centre, Hotel 2 No. of Building in Each Category Nos. 5 3 Total Buildings Nos. 30 4 Total Floor Area Square Meter 796,000 5 Total Occupancy People 40000 6 Average operation age Years 10 7 Floors (minimum) Nos. 10 8 Ventilation - HVAC Findings of the Survey 9 Average energy Consumption kWh/m2/year 277 10 Average water Consumption Litre/ person/day 187 11 Average air-conditioning area % 50% 12 Water fittings % 30% with low flow 13 Glazing % 87% single glazing For the energy aspect, most of the other green building rating systems considers their respective national building codes or ASHRAE standard 90.1 as baseline. Select examples are listed table below: Table 4 Energy baseline of other rating system Sr. Rating System Energy Baseline Leadership in Energy and ASHRAE standard 90.1 1 Environmental Design (LEED) Indian Green Building Council Energy Conservation Building Code 2017 and ASHRAE 2 (IGBC) rating system standard 90.1 3 GRIHA Energy Conservation Building Code 2017 National House Building Council – National Building 4 BREEEM Regulation From above, it can be inferred that: • BEEER baseline is aligned with other green building ratings, which are mostly based on ASHRAE requirements or/and the national building code for the respective country. Based on this, Page | 33 requirements of green building rating systems credits, including BEEER, are more aspirational in comparison to requirements of building codes. 2.2.4 Inspection and surveillance processes In BEEER certification process, inspection and surveillance is done for applicants (both new and existing buildings) in three steps. These steps involve, monitoring and verification by independent auditor, analysis and review by designated institute and review by SREDA. The overall process of BEEER certification 21 including steps related to inspection and surveillance are provided in figure 13. M & V report by Analysis BEEER independent and Review Review Certification SREDA enlisted by SREDA Application Award with Registration auditor appointed by designated by applicant, Stars for 5 by applicant applicant institute if any years period Design & Payment of Initial Point Review and Documents certification Award by Final Point submission fee by BEEER Award by applicant applicant Secretariat Figure 13 BEEER certification process Brief about the above-mentioned inspection and surveillance steps of BEEER is provided in subsequent table: Table 5 Brief about BEEER inspection and surveillance process Step Responsible entity Responsibility • Assessment includes design and Measurement and Verification Independent SREDA Enlisted Auditor documentary reviews as well as site (M & V) report appointed by Applicant verification. • Preparation of M & V Report • Review of application, M & V report Analysis and Review for and supporting documents SREDA Designated Institute Certification • Recommendations to BEEER secretariat • Review of application and recommendations of designated institute • Recommendation to the BEEER Review by SREDA - Initial Accreditation Board on the level of BEEER Secretariat SREDA point award certification to be awarded to the project • After initial point award, applicant can apply for review in case of any query with point award Review by SREDA - Review • Review of application and BEEER Technical Committee, SREDA and Final Point Award recommend to the Board of 21 Source: Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating System, November 2020 version Page | 34 Step Responsible entity Responsibility Directors of the BEEER to award appropriate level of rating The inspection and surveillance process, as provided in draft BEEER document, seems basic and it requires detailing, which can be done while developing the detailed user guide for BEEER rating system. Suggestions to improve ease of adoption and implementation, such as precertification review, split review and monitoring in operational phase has been provided in section 2.3 Page | 35 2.2.5 Review of Implementation mechanism of BEEER SREDA is the nodal agency for implementation of BEEER in Bangladesh. BEEER implementation mechanism proposed in draft BEEER document22 include BEEER secretariat, steering committee, technical committee, and third-party agencies such certified or accredited professional and designated agencies. Brief about role and responsibilities of various stakeholder in BEEER implementation (as proposed on November 2020 draft rating document) is provided in figure 14. Figure 14 BEEER Implementation Framework (proposed in November 2020 draft rating document) Detailed roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders in implementation of BEEER is provided in table below. Table 6 Implementation framework of BEEER Entity Details Responsibility • Administration of BEEER implementation • Coordination among various stakeholders, third parties and BEEER secretariat Team of SREDA working on BEEER project applicant • Review of reports and findings submitted by third parties for applicant building 22 Source: BEEER November 2020 Version. https://elibrary.sreda.gov.bd/public/admin/files/books_2021042884785978.pdf Page | 36 Entity Details Responsibility • Recommendation to BEEER Steering Committee about the level of certification to be awarded to the project • Review of application • A Single Project will be Reviewed by at least Three and Maximum Reviewers Independent SREDA enlisted Reviewer Five Professionals (Architect, Mechanical Engineer & Electrical Engineer) • Assessment includes design and Certified/accredited Independent SREDA Enlisted Auditor appointed by documentary reviews as well as professionals Applicant site verification. • Preparation of M & V Report • Review of application, M & V Third Party report and supporting documents Institute empanelled with SREDA for BEEER Designated Institute • Recommendations to BEEER secretariat • Chairman, Sustainable and Renewable • Decide a Fee Structure Energy Development Authority (Chair) • Endorse the Rating • Representative from Power Division • Recommend incentives and • Representative from Ministry of Housing and awards to the Government Public Works • Endorse modifications/upgrades • Representative from Ministry of Environment, periodically Forest and Climate Change • Representative from Local Government Division BEEER Steering • Representative from Bangladesh Bank Committee • Representative Institute of Architects Bangladesh • Representative Institute of Engineers Bangladesh • Representative from Bangladesh Institute of Planners • Representative from REHAB • Director, Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority (Member Secretary) • Member (EE&C), Sustainable and • Provide technical advice on Renewable Energy Development Authority modification and upgradation of (Chair) the BEEER Framework • Representative from Department of Environment BEEER Technical • Representative from Department of Committee Architecture, Government of Bangladesh • Representative from Public Works Department, Government of Bangladesh • Representative from RAJUK, Government of Bangladesh • Representative from City Corporations Page | 37 Entity Details Responsibility • Representative from Institute of Energy, University of Dhaka • Representative from Department of Architecture, BUET • Representative from Mechanical Engineering Department, BUET • Representative from EEE Department, BUET • Representative form Housing and Building Research Institute (HBRI), Dhaka. • Representative from ASHRAE, Bangladesh, Chapter • Representative from SREDA (Member Secretary) The implementation framework and formats proposed in draft (BEEER document) seems basic and more detailing about role and responsibilities of stakeholders specially the third parties should be done. Suggestions related to implementation framework are provided in section 2.2 2.2.6 Review of incentives planned for BEEER Some of the financial incentives23 which are being considered by SREDA to promote adoption of BEEER are provided below: • Loan at low interest rate (4%) for energy efficient appliance and building components o Low emissivity glass: Low-e pair glass and solar reflective glass (solar heat reflective ratio is 50% or more) o Elevator: Elevator with PM motor and LED lighting o BEMS: BEMS, which visualizes a real time energy consumption of the building and controls energy consumption for air conditioning and lighting o Others: Equipment listed in Component I and III of JICA list are also eligible • Floor Area Ratio (FAR) Benefits (5-10% Extra Floor Area for BEEER Buildings) Certified • Loan at low interest rates for green building projects under sustainable financing scheme of Bangladesh Bank Suggestions for incentives that may be offered to promote adoption of BEEER are provided in section 2.2 2.3 Gaps, barriers and recommendations for BEEER Based on review of BEEER and best practices and experiences learned from international green building ratings24, some of the key gaps and barriers to implementation of BEEER have been identified. A list of these gasps and barriers together with suggestions for strengthening implementation and facilitate a smooth deployment of BEEER are provided below: 23 Source: Presentation on BEEER by SREDA officials during World Bank Knowledge Exchange event organized in December 2020. 24 Detailed analysis presented in a separated report: Green buildings Rating systems: Global Review of Experiences, Strategies and Implementation Practices (February 2021) Page | 38 Detailing of credits requirements • Some of the credit descriptions are abstract in nature and limited detailing is available about measurement, standard conditions, calculation methodology, duration, schedule, and examples. They should be more objective and elaborate to facilitate a smooth implementation process and a better understanding from BEEER rating applicants. Gaps identified in various credits of BEEER (June 2020 version) are provided in Annexure 2. • Pilot implementation to identify the practical challenges related to design and implementation process is yet to be initiated. It is proposed to undertake pilot implementation of BEEER in sample number of buildings, that may help in identifying further gaps and barriers in credit design, implementation framework and other aspects of BEEER. • Detailed user guide to support applicant, reviewer and other stakeholders is not available. After implementation of BEEER in pilot buildings, a detailed user guide may be developed (based on the learnings of pilot study) to support applicant and other stakeholders in registration, review, inspection and award of BEEER rating. Brief about user guide content and suggestions for development of BEEER user guide are provided in section 2.4 • Tips for energy conservation shared in BEEER document seems limited in the present BEEER document. Energy saving tips can be included in annexure of present BEEER document and also in detailed user guide. List of select tips of energy conservation is provided in annexure 1. Implementation • The implementation framework and formats proposed in draft (BEEER document) seems basic. More detailing about role and responsibilities of stakeholders specially the third parties should be provided. In present implementation framework, the role of local government departments such as RAJUK and other city corporations has been limited to a representation on technical committee. To promote adoption, for limited period, BEEER may be included as a voluntary or mandatory step for buildings of select typology. For example, government building with more than a specific floor area. Illustration of inclusion of BEEER in present building permit process is provided in figure 15. A detailed review of national building sector institutional dimensions, permits and surveillance policies is presented in Annexure 3. The implementation of BEEER system should be comprehensively integrated in the current building implementation framework and should follow the same processes to facilitate its smooth deployment. The steps relevant for BEEER are in green text box. Land use Building Occupancy certificate permit certificate Large and Application Submission of specialized for BEEER documentation and project and initial issuance of final permit point award BEEER certification Figure 15 Illustration of building permit process with voluntary provision of BEEER certification • Approach for online certification tool, which is generally used for an effective and timely information exchange between potential applicants and the rating system administrators (and other stakeholders) for registration and processing of application has not been envisaged. For ease of managing registration, review and evaluation of green building rating applications, an online process is preferred across established green building rating systems. However, as BEEER Page | 39 document is yet to be approved by concerned ministry, it is recommended to develop online certification tool in phased manner for BEEER, starting with a web-based application form as first step. Detailed approach and other recommendations for online certification tool for BEEER is provided in chapter 3. • Capacity building of stakeholders is important for effective implementation of BEEER. A detailed approach and plan for capacity building of BEEER is provided in chapter 4. Inspection and surveillance process • Inclusion of preliminary review in BEEER. This step may act as prefeasibility assessment for the applicant building and may help applicant in making a decision about applying for BEEER rating and the rating level to be targeted for their building. This may also help in identification of shortcomings and opportunities at design stage. • Detailing of inspection and surveillance process. The process of review, inspection, and surveillance under BEEER needs to be elaborated to include: o Scope of M&V (to be conducted by SREDA enlisted auditor) and analysis and review (to be undertaken by SREDA designated institute) o Role and responsibilities of applicant and third-party agencies in inspection and surveillance process o Timelines of inspection and surveillance process • Use of split review. The present inspection and surveillance under BEEER is envisaged during a single phase, where applicant submits the application and required documentation and same is evaluated against BEEER credits. In present BEEER document, it is not explicitly mentioned whether BEEER application and review is envisaged during design/construction stage or during post construction stage. Based on the review of best practices of other ratings, it is suggested to split the review and inspection process in two phases, which may have design/construction phase and post construction phase based on the specific requirement of BEEER system. • Review in operational phase (post rating award) . Most of the building ratings evaluates only the design stage, and none or limited assessment is done periodically to assess operational performance of the building. In this regard, the following assessments and interventions may be considered for post rating certification award: o Assessment to confirm whether the building operating as per the certification level and to assess the performance of interventions planned at design stage. This activity will help in securing feedback about performance of various technology/solution and on credit design. o In case the building is not performing as per set criteria, appropriate support may be planned such as capacity building of building management, support in developing periodic monitoring system etc. o Online performance monitoring is also an option to ensure performance post certification award and some of the green rating systems provide this as an optional feature to applicants. For example, LEED dynamic Plaque or Arc https://arcskoru.com/. • Include credit interpretation ruling on Website. As BEEER is a new rating system and during early stage of implementation applicants may have queries regarding overall process and credit interpretation. To improve the overall understanding of applicants about credits requirements, any query regarding interpretation of credit raised by an application, it may be put on the SREDA website or BEEER portal as BEEER FAQ. Page | 40 Incentives • Few of the incentives such as loan with low interest rate for green building project, extra Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and loan with low interest rate for energy efficient appliances purchase are already proposed for green buildings in Bangladesh. Considering the stage of implementation (which is introductory stage), following incentives may be more relevant for accelerating adoption of BEEER: o Property Tax Incentive – Offers a lower property tax rate to developers for one or more years to offset the extra costs of building green o Permitting timelines and fee ▪ Expedited Permitting – Limit the permitting process to a minimum number of days for green construction. ▪ Reduced Permitting – Waive or partially reimburse permit fees for developers who certify their projects green. o Feasibility study plays an important role in providing a visibility on benefits and RoI to applicant and provides confidence. Some of rating systems support applicants in conducting feasibility study by covering the cost of study and by providing technical support. o Green Building Legislation – To develop demonstration projects (for proof of concept) and to promote adoption of green building practices, relevant policies may be developed to mandate renovation of existing buildings and the development of all new government buildings in Bangladesh (or in few cities as a starting point) shall comply with the BEEER requirement up to a threshold rating level. Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) • Protocol related to monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) is not defined. MRV is a concept which helps in estimating the savings from an intervention (including energy efficiency) in an entity. MRV is a set of rules and procedure for estimating the level of resource usage, before and after the implementation of the energy efficiency intervention. MRV rules are generally finalised before undertaking the energy efficiency interventions to prevent any ambiguity and conflict of understanding in estimation of energy savings. • It recommended to develop MRV system for BEEER. The MRV will help in follow-up on the energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions at building and at national, as the result of the implementation of the BEEER. Suggestions for MRV for BEEER are provided in chapter 5. Recommendations related to Baseline of BEEER Based on review of methodology used for establishing baseline of BEEER system, the team has identified the following observations: • Considering national building regulations/codes as baseline prevents duplication of effort, which may be required in case separate baseline is developed for rating system. • The national building code is a mandatory and/or legally established document, this eliminates/minimizes probability of any potential conflicts among relevant parties (beneficiary or accessor) while estimating baseline case. • Technologies related to appliances/equipment and building material are improving rapidly, therefore, the current requirement of BEEER i.e. 5% more efficient than baseline, may become business as usual in next 2 – 3 years. In this regard, it may become imperative to update minimum Page | 41 requirement of BEEER (especially in mandatory credits) every 2 – 3 years to maintain the aspirational aspect of green building rating system. 2.4 Characteristics of a user guide 2.4.1 User guide in green building rating systems User guide or user manual of green building rating systems is a holistic document for providing guidance to various stakeholders such as applicant, building consultant, architect, rating review, administrator, and others on green building rating system. A user guide provides complete detail about the rating system (scope, eligibility, credits), process of application, review, rating award, renewal, forms, calculation methods, role and responsibilities of stakeholders, and FAQ to provide necessary support to applicant in green building registration and operation journey. To understand the broad scope covered in user guides, the team reviewed user guides of select green building rating systems (LEED, GRIHA, IGBC). Scope covered in user guides and brief about topics are provided in the figure 17. Page | 42 Background or setting the context • Energy use and environment impact of buildings • Green building concept and introduction of green building rating system • Benefits of green buildings • National prespective on buildings - energy use and energy efficiency Introduction to Green Building Rating system • Introduction of Green building rating system - Objective, background etc. • Brief about rating - applicability (type of building covered), eligibility, rating framework, credit structure, Scores and ratings • Rating process - Registration process, fee, forms/documentation, renewal process • Roles and responsibilities of applicant, administrator, reviewer and other stakeholders Details of each rating credit • Credit name: • Credit points: • Applicability: Building type • Intent: The intent is the idea behind the credit and why it is important for the wellbeing, environment, and sustainability. • Intent background: connects credit achievement with larger sustainability issues and provides information on how the credit requirements meet the intent stated in the rating system • Requirements: Requirements of the credit including baseline numbers of target parameter, parameter level linked with various certifcation level and calculation method. • Design steps: Step by step guidance on what all documentation is required and implementation. Lists the generally applicable tips and examples for most projects. • Additional description: • Examples/ case study: • Linkages to other credits • Required documentation: Outlines the rating system requirements for achieving the credit, necessary documentation and submissions. Some documents may be asked to be submitted for existing buildings. All documents may not be available for new buildings. • Submission templates: • Reference standard: • Approved tools Frequently asked questions Figure 16 Scope of a user guide 2.4.2 Suggestions for BEEER user guide Based on review of BEEER document (Nov 2020 version), the following suggestions may be considered during development of a detailed user guide for BEEER: • Detailed user guide may be developed after implementing some pilot projects for various building typologies to fine tune the rating process, forms, documentation, credit structure/design, role and responsibilities of various stakeholders and other aspects of the rating system. Learnings of pilot study may help in identifying and mitigation of risks related to implementation of BEEER. Page | 43 • Some of the credit descriptions, provided in the present draft version of BEEER may be updated to make them more objective, and elaborate to facilitate a smooth implementation process and a better understanding from BEEER rating applicants. • The certification process, renewal and role and responsibilities of stakeholders are covered in brief. These sections may be elaborated in user guide to provide step by step guidance to application and other stakeholders on process, timeline, and other aspects. • Section on Frequently asked questions, examples and case studies may be included in the user guide and on the online portal of the BEEER administrating body. • To make the user guide accessible to stakeholders, along with hard and soft copy of the document, some elements of user guide may be included as interactive information on online tool (covered in chapter 3) Page | 44 3. Online tools for registration and certification Page | 45 3. Online tools for registration and certification 3.1 Introduction of online registration and certification tool Various green building rating agencies have developed online certification tools, specific web-based portals used for information exchange between potential applicants and the rating system administrators. Online tools provide a portal to applicants, consultants, rating administrators, reviewers and other stakeholders to interact and share information and documents for processing of application and award of green building rating systems. An online registration and certification tool generally provide facilities for filling up of the registration form, templates of various credits, uploading supporting documents, monitoring progress by the applicant, the administrator, and review of credit by reviewers and others. Classification of tools based on functionality Based on functionality, the online certification and registration tool can be broadly classified in three categories: 2. Web based tool with 3. Web based tool with 1. Web based application limited analysis advanced analysis forms capabilities capabilities Figure 17 Type of Certification tools • Web based application forms: This category mostly have provision of online forms to collect basic information about applicant, project and supporting document. Such forms do not have provision of analysing, processing of data/information. In this case, data from application form (general form and credit specific templates) and supporting documents are evaluated by reviewers to award score to applicant against various credits. • Web based tool with limited analysis capabilities: This category of tools generally has basic equations, formula and data checks build in the web-based software, which conducts a basic analysis on submitted information to check data consistency and estimate indicators to support the reviewers. • Web based tool with advanced analysis capabilities: This category of tool generally has advanced analysis capabilities, which uses data shared by applicant, back-end data bases (which are updated periodically) and instructions defined by reviewer to evaluate performance of building against defined credits. For example, the EDGE rating system has advanced analysis capabilities available within the tool. Brief about EDGE rating system is provided in text box below: Page | 46 EDGE1 EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies), International Finance Corporation (IFC), is a green building certification system focused on making new residential and commercial buildings more resource efficient. EDGE is comprised of a web-based software application, a universal standard and a certification system. Edge is a voluntary green building rating system. However, in some counties, banks and governments are encouraging users by providing incentives, preferential financial rates and government policies support to get buildings certified under EDGE. EDGE can only be used for new buildings that are homes, hotels, offices, retail or hospitals. However, on rare occasions retrofitted buildings can be EDGE certified. The rating systems available include Core and Shell Projects, Partial Building Projects, Social Housing Projects, and Special Ruling Request (SRR). EDGE is available for following building types: • Homes • Hospitals • Offices • Hospitality • Retail • Warehouses • Light Industry • Education To achieve the EDGE standard, a building must demonstrate a 20% reduction in projected operational energy consumption, water use and embodied energy in materials as compared to typical local practices. EDGE certification is provided for 3 levels: • Level 1: EDGE certified: Requirement - 20% or more savings in energy, water and embodied energy in materials. • Level 2: EDGE advanced: Requirement - EDGE certified with 40% or more on-site energy savings. • Level 3: Zero Carbon: Requirement - EDGE Advanced with 100% renewables on-site or off-site or purchased carbon offsets to top off at 100%. All energy must be accounted for, including diesel and LPG. Stakeholders or users of online registration and certification tool The online certification tool is used by various stakeholders at different stage of rating, starting from application till award of green building rating. Based on overall role in green building rating system, stakeholders can be broadly classified in following four categories: • Applicant and related stakeholders • Rating administrator • Third party agency or individual • Regulator List of stakeholders, generally part of above-mentioned categories is provided in figure 19. Page | 47 • Building management • Building consultant Applicant and related • Building Architect stakeholders • Equipment/appliance supplier • Operations and maintenance team • Administrator Rating administrator • Coordinator • Board or committee responsbile for award of rating • Reviewer Third party • Verifier stakeholders • M & V agency • Any other third party service provider • Regulator Regulator of rating • Concerned government department or ministry Figure 18 Stakeholders for online certification tool Benefits of online certification tool are listed below: o Ease of access for applicant, reviewer, administrator, and other stakeholders, from anywhere. o Online tool helps in building interlinkages between credit with interrelated parameters. This helps in eliminating errors even at application stage. This helps in maintaining data consistency o Online tool also helps in keeping the track of real time progress of a project o Online tool reduces the overall time required in processing of application Considering these benefits, online tool for registration and certification may be developed for BEEER. While developing online tool, the recommendations provided in section 3.3 may be considered by BEEER administration team. 3.2 Best practices of online certification tools Based on literature review and one to one discussion with experts (rating administrator, reviewers, consultant, and applicants), following best practices were identified: • Development of tool: For new rating, when to develop the online certification tool is a critical question. Generally, development of online certification tool for new rating may be done in phased manner, starting with web-based form, followed by basic analysis (calculators) and advanced analysis capabilities. o Until the green building rating system is not finalised, use of web-based forms, without any analysis capability is preferred. This is because during pilot and initial years of implementation, the rating system needs to be refined to match the prevailing requirements at ground. o Post fine tuning and exhaustive testing of rating system, online certification system may be developed with basic analysis capabilities. After successful implementation of basic analysis system, advancements may be introduced may introduced in phased manner. For example, GRIHA started with credit forms were used to collect the data. Once the credits were marked complete (after finetuning post pilot and initial years of implementation), calculators were developed to various credits to reduce the time consumed for assessment of performance of Page | 48 applicant building. Overtime, calculators of various credits were transformed into a integrated online certification tool. • Updating the tool: Once developed, the tool requires two types of support. One is trouble shooting and maintenance support to eliminate bugs and other abnormalities. Second support is required for upgrading based on revision of green building rating. For example, when LEED upgraded from version 3 to version 4, appropriate changes were done on online certification tool. Application through online certification tool To enable coordination among various stakeholders and to support delegation of work among stakeholders, the online tool has developed provisions to respond to this requirement. Basis review of select online rating system, there are three broad approaches, to respond to this requirement. • Approach 1: Single login credential for building applicant: In this approach, a single login is created by building applicant and various forms and credit response are either filled by applicant (by collating response from various stakeholder) or by sharing single login with multiple stakeholders. In this approach, at a time only one stakeholder has access to portal, which slowdowns whole process. • Approach 2: Separate login credential for each stakeholder like management, consultant, architect, contractor, or any other entities required to have access to the portal. In this approach, all stakeholders have access to each section of the application and credit page. • Approach 3: One login for each application and provision delegation of specific task: In this approach one login credential is provided to building management (or main applicant party). Building management then assigns specific roles to various stakeholders, for example responding to a specific credit or section. In such approach, the stakeholder has access or visibility to the section only related to the assigned role. For tracing any information or error to a specific stakeholder, approach 3 is better in comparison to approach 1 and 2. Access to tool The access of online certification tool, for a specific project, is provided to following stakeholders: • Coordinator: One of the official in team managing green building rating system, who is assigned the task to coordinate among applicant, reviewer, and administration team • Administrator: Official of team managing green building rating system and who is responsible to ensuring that the whole process of application, review, rating award is done as per defined rules. Administrator is also responsible for operation and maintenance of online certification tool • Applicant: Official of building management team, who is responsible for coordinating with consultant for filling of application form, submission of relevant documents and responding to queries of coordinator (of rating system) • Consultants: Service provider/providers who are supporting building management in activities related to designing, construction and operation of building • Reviewers: This includes third party reviewers empanelled with green building rating system having expertise in relevant fields such as environment, energy efficiency, building envelope, water usage, renewable energy, waste management and others. Page | 49 Review through online certification tool For review of application of green building rating, there multiple provisions in online certification tool which includes auto check (by comparing parameters entered in various credit or section) and manual review by experts assigned for a specific project. The intervention or review work done by reviewer is based on level of analysis (Basic/advanced/None) built in the online certification tool. For credits related to different aspects (like environment, energy efficiency, building envelope, renewable energy, water usage and others), different reviewers with specialisation related subject/domain are assigned specific credits. The delegation work to reviewers is generally managed by a coordinator (official of team administrating green building rating). To ensure the quality of review done by reviewers, rating is provided in some of the green building rating systems. The rating is based on quality, time and writing skills of the reviewer. On review front as well, the approaches used for coordination and delegation of work are found to be similar as the three approaches mentioned in previous section (application through online certification tool) Additional and/or Aspirational features: • Multi Language support: Some tools have provision of multiple language, which helps in reaching out to wider number of buildings and regions • Online tool with advanced functionality may include auto update of data, regarding weather and census, when specific city is selected by applicant. This may be done on online tool through linkage with weather and census data (from relevant portals) • To collect data on building performance, post award of the rating, provision of collecting real time using smart meters is being incorporated in upcoming version of some of the online tools • Provision of help button for each value or parameter entered (in various sections of form) to guide applicant in filling details about building Provision of dashboard, which may help applicant in monitoring progress about all applications (in case applicant has applied for multiple buildings) and every credit and section of application form. 3.3 Suggestions for BEEER Based on review of BEEER document (Nov 2020 version), the following suggestions may be considered during the design stage of a online certification tool for BEEER: • Development of the tool in phased manner: The final version of BEEER document is yet to be released and pilot implementation work is yet to be initiated. This indicates that the overall system is in nascent stage. In this case, it is recommended to develop an online certification tool in phased manner, starting with web-based application form in phase 1. Once rating is finalised post incorporation of learnings of pilot, calculators may be developed to estimate outcome of select credits in phase 2. In phase 3, online certification tool with basic analysis capabilities may be developed by incorporating online forms and calculators. In phase 4, online certification with advanced analysis capabilities may be developed. • Language support: Tool may support multiple languages such as English, Bangla or any other local language to enable wide scale participation. • Approach for online certification tool: Since the online certification tool is yet to be developed for BEEER, there are multiple approaches which may be followed by SREDA, probable options may include: o Development of new tool in phased manner, as suggested in previous point Page | 50 o Collaboration with other green building rating systems to use their existing tool, once appropriate customisation is in place. For example, EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies), a tool developed by IFC. o Use of software as service. This approach includes agreement with software service providers to develop online certification tool, using already existing modules, which may be customised as per BEEER requirement. In this approach, the tool remains property of software service provider, and service user (SREDA) only pay as per usage. • Application through online certification tool: For application and access of various stakeholders to online certification tool (of BEEER), it is recommended to follow approach 3 (as mentioned above). In proposed approach, one login credential may be provided to building management (or main applicant party). Building management may then assigns specific roles to various stakeholders, for example responding to a specific credit or section. In such approach, the stakeholder has access or visibility to the section only related to the assigned role. • Trouble shooting and upgradation of tool: To resolve issues such as eliminate bugs and other abnormalities, option of services through inhouse IT team or outsourcing (to online tool developer or any other software service provider) may be evaluated. Basis review of other tools, maintenance and troubleshooting by inhouse team is a preferred option, as it creates in house capabilities. Capabilities developed while maintaining tool, may enable inhouse team in undertaking tool upgradation (when new version of rating is prepared) task by themselves with limited support from any external vendor. • Capacity building of stakeholders: To help stakeholders such as applicant, consultant, reviewer develop awareness about usage of online certification tool, focused workshop/seminar may be organised, after development of tool. These workshops may help in providing hands-on experience of working on online certification tool. • Additional/aspirational features: To improve the user experience and effectiveness of the tool, following features may be included in online certification tool development for BEEER o Tool may include auto updating of data, regarding weather and census, when specific city is selected by applicant. This may be done on online tool through linkage with weather and census data (from relevant portals) o Collection of data on building performance, post award of the rating, through smart meters may be evaluated. This may help in estimating annual energy savings from adoption of BEEER in Bangladesh. o Tool may include provision of help button for each value or parameter entered (in various sections of form) to guide applicant in filling details about building o Tool may have provision of dashboard, to help applicant in monitoring progress about all applications (in case applicant has applied for multiple buildings), specific credits and sections of application form. Page | 51 4. Capacity building plan for BEEER Page | 52 4. Capacity Building for BEEER 4.1 Capacity building – definition and background Capacity-building is defined as the "process of developing and strengthening the skills, instincts, abilities, processes and resources that organizations and communities need to survive, adapt, and thrive in a fast- changing world." An essential ingredient in capacity-building is transformation that is generated and sustained over time from within; transformation of this kind goes beyond performing tasks to changing mindsets and attitudes. Based on end target the capacity building can be classified in three categories which include individual, institution and societal level. Brief about each type is provided below: • Individual level – This includes the development of conditions that allow individual participants to build and enhance knowledge and skills. It also calls for the establishment of conditions that will allow individuals to engage in the "process of learning and adapting to change." • Institutional level – This involves aiding institutions to build and enhance capabilities. Capacity building of institutions (especially in developing countries) should not involve creating new institutions, rather modernizing existing institutions and supporting them in forming sound policies, organizational structures, and effective methods of management and revenue control. • Societal level – This should support the establishment of a more "interactive public administration that learns equally from its actions and from the feedback it receives from the population at large. Community capacity building must be used to develop public administrators that are responsive and accountable. Sustainable Development Goal 17: Revitalizing the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, the United Nations is committed to transformation from within. Goal 17 includes targets for capacity-building, including increasing technology and innovation in least developed countries and improving data collection and monitoring for the achievement of the SDGs themselves. Universities can serve as centers of capacity- building through research, innovation and data collection and analysis. 4.2 Need of capacity building for BEER The draft BEEER system is under approval with concerned government department, and it is yet to launched formally. Therefore, it is an opportune time to develop a systematic capacity building plan for improving awareness among various stakeholders about various aspects of BEEER and allied domains. Indicative list of topics for capacity building may include. • Climate change and need of resource efficient and green buildings • Brief about BEEER and green rating systems • Benefits of resource efficient construction material, energy efficient design and appliances • Case studies for comparing green building with conventional building • Detailed technical course on green building design, construction practices and operation • Policies for large scale replication of green building etc. 4.3 Methodology of capacity buildng plan For designing any successful capacity building program, we need to use fundamental project management and research technique called The Five Ws and one H, or the Six Ws. These are the questions whose answers are considered basic in information-gathering. They include Who, What, When Where, Why and How. They constitute a formula for getting the complete story on a subject. According to the principle of the Five Ws, research can only be considered complete if it answers these questions starting with an Page | 53 interrogative word. Six Ws for capacity building plan, which cover end to end scope are provided in figure 20. Why capacity building is required? • Identification of objective of capacity building for each stakeholder. This depends upon role and responsibility of target stakeholder Who is the target? • Identification of category of stakeholders to be training to large scale implemetation of BEEER What to be covered? • Identification of needs of each stakeholders for designing of appropriate capacity building interventions. This will depend upon current awareness level and intended role in BEEER implementation How and where i.e. method/mode of capacity building • Identification of ways and tools for creating awareness When intervention is required? • Sequencing of capacity building interventions Figure 19 Methodology of capacity building plan This chapter contains a section on: • Identification of stakeholders for capacity development, • Capacity development needs, • Mode/method for capacity development, and • Content of capacity programs. The chapter also provides a way forward to implement a successful capacity development and awareness program in the country. 4.4 Capacity Building Plan 4.4.1 Identification of objective of training (Why?) Development of capacity building plan starts with identification of broad objectives that needs to be addressed by implementation of common and stakeholder specific interventions. Some of broad objectives that are envisaged to be addressed for green building and BEEER through implementation of capacity building plan are listed below: • To build capacity of stakeholders initially regarding introductory aspects of green building to create enabling environment for initiating activities for BEEER implementation • To identify and develop multiple modes/methods of capacity building, specific to needs of several stakeholders to create an eco-system for growth of green building solutions. • To develop enabling elements such as infrastructure (testing facilities, demonstration projects), appropriate guidebooks (manuals, course books etc.) and master trainers. • To develop a detailed road map for implementation of capacity building interventions in short, medium and long term Page | 54 • To develop mechanism to evaluate impact (of interventions undertaken) and collect feedbacks of beneficiaries to upgrade the capacity building interventions to evolving requirements. 4.4.2 Identification of target stakeholders (Who?) Based on global review of green building rating systems, it has been observed that successful implementation of a green building rating system involves collaboration among several stakeholders and with each one of them executing defined roles and responsibilities during complete green building rating cycle. These stakeholders can be broadly classified into seven categories, which are listed in figure 21. Policy Makers Administrators/ regulators Auditors and Real Estate Assessors Developers Stakeholders Construction Industry Material Suppliers Architect and Academic Institutions Designers Financial Institutions General Public Figure 20: Categories of stakeholders identified for capacity development and awareness generation Brief about various stakeholders is provided in subsequent section: Policy Makers: These are mostly the local administrative bodies (or urban local bodies, ULB) at the level of cities which are mandated with the deployment of building-related standards and urban development. For instance, Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK) is the urban development authority for the city of Dhaka. Generally, standards/codes related to building energy conservations are implemented by these stakeholders through the formulation of by-laws and other legal and policy instruments. Administrator/regulator: This category of stakeholders is responsible for the development and administration of green building rating systems. In case of BEEER, SREDA is the administrator and regulator in Bangladesh. Auditors and Assessors: These are subject experts and professionals who have qualified the examination/certification for specific green rating systems and are engaged in the verification and assessment of beneficiary projects. Auditors and evaluators are instrumental in ensuring third-party and credible assessment of green building rating system compliant projects. For instance, LEED in the USA assigns LEED green rater, energy rater, and homes provider for review, verification, and assessment of applications. Construction Industry: This category of stakeholders is the ones who design and construct buildings according to the requirement of green buildings. They are primarily of three types: Page | 55 1. Real estate developers: Builders who undertake construction and maintenance activities. This can be government construction departments or private companies. 2. Material Suppliers: Manufacturers and traders of building construction materials. They play a crucial role in creating an eco-system where environmentally friendly materials are readily available at a cost-effective rate. 3. Architect and Designers: They are the technical human resources that design and plan the construction and operation of a building. They play a crucial role in the successful incorporation of green building requirements. Academic Institutions: These are the institution where courses such as architecture, civil engineering, environmental engineering/science, etc. are taught. Incorporation of green building rating systems along with BEEER in the course curriculum of relevant courses will facilitate the creation of a young talent pool and Research and Development activity on this subject. Financial Institutions: These are the banking or non-banking financial institutions that fund building projects. Capacity building of financial institutions help them in developing required technical skill for appraisal of a green building project. Financial institute may include public/private banks and other financial institutions. Users/general public: These are the end-user or potential end-user of green buildings. Awareness amongst them about the benefits of BEEER certified green building is important for scaling its implementation. 4.4.3 Identification of Capacity development needs (What?) BEEER system is yet to be launched formally in Bangladesh, therefore some of the capacity building needs regarding basics of BEEER system such as aspects covered, credits, scoring, application and evaluation process, fee, timelines etc. are common for among all categories of stakeholders. Apart from BEEER basics, developing an understanding about climate change and impact of buildings, resource efficient building design, energy efficient appliances, green construction techniques may also be included in common capacity building needs, as this will provide a strong foundation, which is required to appreciate green building rating system. Indicative list of common capacity development needs is provided below: 1. Climate change and impact of buildings 2. Brief about energy efficient design and green rating systems 3. Benefits of resource efficient construction material, energy efficient design and appliances 4. Case studies for comparing green building with conventional building 5. Introduction of BEEER and procedures for obtaining BEEER certification In addition to common topics, there are few specific capacity needs identified for each category of stakeholder. Following are the list of stakeholders’ specific capacity development needs: Table 7: The list of stakeholders’ specific capacity development needs S. No. Stakeholder Capacity needs identified 1 Policy Makers • Understanding of alignment between existing regulations/codes (such as BNBC) with BEEER. • Knowledge about potential policy interventions that may be employed for support BEEER implementation in introductory and growth phase • Roles and responsibility of different departments involved in the implementation of BEEER • Understanding on MRV Page | 56 S. No. Stakeholder Capacity needs identified 2 Administrators • Developing an understanding of the compliance requirements for criteria set under BEEER • Documentation formats, parameters to be assessed in documentation and review techniques • Understanding on MRV • Introduction to testing standards for green construction material and EE appliances 3 Auditors and • Training on criteria, eligibility, structure, scoring, methodology and Assessors implementation framework • Training on MRV • Training on building energy simulation software • Introduction to testing standards for green construction material and EE appliances 4 Real estate • Awareness about construction of resources efficient building and green developers construction techniques • Awareness about benefits of green buildings, in terms of financial savings during the complete life cycle of the buildings. • Awareness about available policies support and incentives related to green building, if any. • Awareness about new internal or third-party human resource, that may be required for BEEER implementation • Awareness of procedure for obtaining BEEER certification • Introduction to testing standards for green construction material and EE appliances 5 Material suppliers • Knowledge of different green building materials, their availability/supply chain, and market potential • Introduction to testing standards for green construction material and EE appliances 6 Architects and • Technical knowledge about green and energy efficient building design designers • Detailed information about requirement of each credit points in BEEER 7 Academic • Technical knowledge about green and energy efficient building design Institutions • Structure and components of BEEER • BEEER Scoring methodology and understanding of compliance requirements • Use of Building energy simulation software/s. • Research and development opportunities • Introduction to testing standards for green construction material and EE appliances 8 Financial • Development of capacity of concerned officials for apprising green building Institutions projects • Benefits of financing BEEER certified buildings • Developing an understanding of green mortgage25 9 Users/general • Awareness of benefits or incentives of BEEER certified buildings as an end- public user – Better living conditions, health benefits, cost reduction, etc. • Procedure of BEEER certification 4.4.4 Mapping capacity development needs with mode/method of capacity development (How?) There are several methods or modes that can be used for capacity development and awareness generation. The selection of methods/modes depends on the type of intervention, the existing capacity of the target 25 A green mortgage can be anyone (or multiple) supplemental incentives that can add to a traditional mortgage program so the person buying the home can use funds to improve the home’s energy efficiency rating by making various “green” improvements. Green mortgages, let customers borrow extra money (LTV) to pay for energy efficient upgrades and at a discounted rate of interest (RoI) Page | 57 stakeholders, and the practicality/feasibility of the method adopted for the respective audience. Brief about potential method/mode of capacity building, applicable for several stakeholders is listed below. Policy Makers: In this category of stakeholders, organizing workshops or training sessions for the members of different departments shall be an effective mode of capacity development. These workshops can be organized at the departmental as well as cross-departmental level. Training sessions, organized for policy makers, may be categorised in two levels, i.e. advanced level for creation of master trainers and introductory level for basic certification. Administrator/regulators: Similar to policymakers, this category of stakeholders may conduct workshops or training sessions for the members of different departments shall be an effective mode of capacity development. These workshops can be organized at the departmental as well as cross-departmental level. Officials working directly or indirectly may be trained at advanced or basic level, as indicated in previous point. Auditors and Assessors: These stakeholders may be provided with training modules, lectures, case studies and certification courses designed specifically to impart and assess competency desired for the role played by them. Almost all the rating systems (reviewed during global overview) have web portal to provide details about these training courses. Based on location of participants and other factors, these trainings can be organized both offline and online. For instance, GRIHA organizes 5 days of training on GRIHA v.2015. Participants can appear for the Figure 21: GRIHA training GRIHA CP and/or Evaluator exam after attending the training program. Construction industry: For the construction industry including real estate developers, material suppliers and architects/designers’ conferences/seminars/webinars on different aspects related to green buildings may be organized in collaboration with industry associations/boards/confederation. Tutorial along with certificates on BEEER can also be provided for the individual participants from the industry. For instance, to achieve its vision and to propagate the green building concept, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) - IGBC had launched a unique Learn & Win concept titled 'IGBC Green League (IGL) - Learning & Growing Together' in 2016 which has shown for 4 consecutive years of tremendous success, response and value to the Indian Figure 22: GRIHA summit organised for construction industry Construction Industry. To improve the penetration of BEEER and green building concepts, industry association in collaboration with SREDA or any other relevant department, may start regional chapters or council. Some of the functions of regional councils or green building chapters may include: • Establishment of one green building project (with 5 Shapla BEEER score) per region to demonstrate concept and benefits of green and energy efficient building. Page | 58 • Establishment of facilities for testing of green and energy efficient construction material and appliances • Providing vocational training and certification courses in green and energy efficient buildings. Education Institutes: BEEER shall be made part of relevant courses available in the education institutes/universities in the country. The institutes having existing optional course on energy efficient building design or green building concept can be updated with the inclusion of details on BEEER During panel discussion (organized as part of knowledge exchange program) it was learned that some of the undergraduate program in Bangladesh, offer courses in sustainability and energy efficiency (3rd year onwards) through design studios and students are provided hands on training on building designing to understand passive cooling strategies, construction materials and their impacts. In BUET, dedicated department have been established for training and research on energy efficiency, environment impact, urban design, passive and active cooling, renewable energy systems etc., this is in line with the capacity building requirements envisaged as part of implementation of programs of SREDA. At post graduate level, students develop thesis on topics such as efficient building design, green and resource efficient buildings, use of renewable energy etc. to do advance research. However, at present these topics are mostly selected by students based on their individual interest and there is limited linkage with the present requirements of the sector. Going forward, more synergy is required between policy makers and academic institutes to do research on common target areas to develop standards, guidelines and local construction materials to improve resource efficiency of buildings and reduce their environmental impact. Financial Institutions: The financial institutes can be sensitised with the concept of BEEER, green mortgage, and financial benefits for enrolled projects by organizing seminars, conferences and workshops. A certification course can also be developed for technical officers of FIs to impart relevant understanding for appraising green building projects. General Public: Methods that may be adopted for awareness generation amongst the consumers or end beneficiaries or occupants of green buildings are listed below: • Media Relations – Develop press releases, scientific articles, tip sheets, and other media materials for distribution to targeted editors and reporters to reach audiences. • Community Relations – Develop “direct-connect” opportunities to reach audiences, such as Nukkad Natak, tradeshow participation, speaking engagements with community groups, event sponsorship, strategic partnerships, and more. • Web site development – Create a dedicated web site that brings campaign messages directly to target audiences, including interactive tools such as energy efficiency calculators. • Advertising – Create effective, key message-based advertisements for print, TV, radio and online media. Simple advertisement methods such as providing ads at bus shelters may be adopted. For instance, USGBC initiated the ad campaign Figure 23:USGBC ad campaign #FindYourLEED launched in 2016 #FindYourLEED in 2016 via all the above listed methods. • Green building awards – To promote green building concept in initial stage among end consumers and real estate developers, central or regional government may call application from buildings registered with BEEER and provide awards/recognition to top 10 buildings to highlight benefits of green buildings. Page | 59 Mapping of stakeholders with capacity building. This has been provided in the detailed table below: Table 8: Mapping of stakeholders with method/mode of capacity development and tentative contents in it S. Stakeholder Method/mode Common content Stakeholders specific contents No. • Understanding of alignment between existing regulations/codes (such as BNBC) with BEEER. • Awareness Workshops • Knowledge about potential policy interventions that may be • Seminars and webinars employed for support BEEER implementation in introductory and 1 Policy Makers • Constitution of national/regional growth phase green building • Roles and responsibility of different departments involved in the association/chapters implementation of BEEER • Understanding on MRV • Climate change and • Developing an understanding of the compliance requirements for • Operational manual impact of buildings criteria set under BEEER • Awareness workshop • Documentation formats, parameters to be assessed in • Certification course • Brief about energy 2 Administrators documentation and review techniques • Constitution of national/regional efficient design and • Understanding on MRV green building green rating systems • Introduction to testing standards for green construction material association/chapters • Benefits of resource and EE appliances • Online and offline classroom efficient construction training material, energy efficient • Training on criteria, eligibility, structure, scoring, methodology and • Certification programs implementation framework design and appliances Auditors and • Implementation guide/checklist • Training on MRV 3 Assessors document • Case studies for • Training on building energy simulation software • Constitution of national/regional comparing green • Introduction to testing standards for green construction material green building building with and EE appliances association/chapters conventional building • Awareness about construction of resources efficient building and • Introduction of BEEER green construction techniques • Conferences and procedures for • Awareness about benefits of green buildings, in terms of financial • Seminar or webinars obtaining BEEER savings during the complete life cycle of the buildings. • Tutorials certification • Awareness about available policies support and incentives related Real estate 4 developers • Constitution of national/regional to green building, if any. green building • Awareness about new internal or third-party human resource, that association/chapters may be required for BEEER implementation • Setting up of testing facilities • Awareness of procedure for obtaining BEEER certification and development of testing • Introduction to testing standards for green construction material standards and EE appliances Material • Knowledge of different green building materials, their 5 suppliers availability/supply chain, and market potential Page | 60 S. Stakeholder Method/mode Common content Stakeholders specific contents No. • Introduction to testing standards for green construction material and EE appliances • Technical knowledge about green and energy efficient building Architects and design 6 designers • Detailed information about requirement of each credit points in BEEER • Technical knowledge about green and energy efficient building design • Structure and components of BEEER • Updating course curriculum • BEEER Scoring methodology and understanding of compliance Academic 7 • Inclusion of new courses and R requirements Institutions & D projects • Use of Building energy simulation software/s. • Research and development opportunities • Introduction to testing standards for green construction material and EE appliances • Development of capacity of concerned officials for apprising green • Seminar or webinars Financial building projects 8 • Certification courses on project Institutions • Benefits of financing BEEER certified buildings appraisal • Developing an understanding of green mortgage26 • Media connect • Awareness of benefits or incentives of BEEER certified buildings • Community connects Users/general as an end-user – Better living conditions, health benefits, cost 9 • Web-site development public reduction, etc. • Advertisement and press • Procedure of BEEER certification release 26 A green mortgage can be anyone (or multiple) supplemental incentives that can add to a traditional mortgage program so the person buying the home can use funds to improve the home’s energy efficiency rating by making various “green” improvements. Green mortgages, let customers borrow extra money (LTV) to pay for energy efficient upgrades and at a discounted rate of interest (RoI) Page | 61 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report 4.4.5 Capacity building action plan (When?) For the capacity development of stakeholders as discussed in previous sections, there is a need to develop and implement a detailed capacity development plan action plan. The action plan may include the activities to undertaken in short (within 1 year) and medium (1 to 3 year). Distribution of various capacity building measures in short, medium and long terms is provided in figure 25. • Organzing introductory workshop/seminars to address common needs for policy makers, building and allied sector professionals, acamedicians etc. • Pilot demonstration of BEEER system in present or upcoming energy efficient buildings Short terms (upto 1 year) • Preparation of case studies and sharing them in news articles • Setting up of regional or state level green building associations or chapters • Conducting a detailed study to develop stakeholder specific dissmination material, which may include operational manual/guidebooks, certification courses, case studies, presentation and other • Setting up of facilities for testing of green construction material and energy efficient appliances. This will also include development of local standards for material/appliance testing • Inclusion of green building and BEEER in relevant undergraduate and post graduate courses • Organizing of stakeholder specific workshop/seminar to introduce the trainng material developed as part of short term activities • Conducting detailed trainings for creation of master trainers • Initaite certification courses in green building and BEEER in collaboration with academic institutes • Conduct examinations for selection of accessors and third party auditors Medium terms (1 to 3 years) • Organize roadshows, tade fairs and use media/press channels to create awaress among end consumers • Develop website about BEEER to showcase best available technologies/solutions and case studies. Website may also include green building benefit calculator • Preparation of case studies and sharing them in news articles • Creation of green building awards at national or regional level to motivate real estate deveopers (to implement green building concepts) and to improve awareness among end consumers. • Conducting Quarterly meetings of regional green bulding association or chapters to discuss updates, challenges and opportunities • Conducting impact assessment studies to evalaute the performance and collect user feedback to upgrade capacity building interventions with evolving requirements Figure 24 Distribution of capacity building plan in short and medium term Some of the activities of medium terms may continue in long term (beyond 3 years) as well to sustain awareness about green building solutions and BEEER and to improve penetration of green building solutions. 62 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report 5. Monitoring reporting and verification (MRV) for green buildings 63 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report 5. MRV for Green Buildings 5.1 About Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) - Definition and Concept Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) is a concept which helps in estimating the savings from an intervention (including energy efficiency) in an entity. MRV is a set of rules and procedure for estimating the level of resource usage, before and after the implementation of the energy efficiency intervention. MRV rules are generally finalised before undertaking the energy efficiency interventions to prevent any ambiguity and conflict of understanding in estimation of energy savings. MRV systems are key elements to guarantee transparency, precision, and comparability on climate change information and forms an integral part of ESCO contracts. MRV also helps organisations/entities in tracking progress towards climate change-related targets and steer mitigation actions so that the targets can be achieved. MRV provides information about emission sources and trends, it helps entities (companies, organizations, countries, etc.) to increase their energy efficiency and take decisions where to reduce their emissions. To ensure that the mitigation goal of a company, city or country is successfully achieved, both the progress and effectiveness of mitigation action needs to be monitored on a regular basis, and reported to, and checked by relevant authorities. MRV definition27 Measurement, reporting, and verification is the process of planning, measuring, collecting, and analysing data for purpose of verifying and reporting energy savings within an individual facility resulting from the implementation of energy conservation measures (ECMs). Brief about each component of MRV i.e. measurement, reporting, and verification is provided in figure 26. Measurement refers to the Reporting: Once the Verification means an collection of information to measured information has evaluation of the information monitor the progress of the been delivered, it needs to that is presented, in terms of implementation and impacts be reported in a defined and its completeness, related to an energy saving transparent manner to the coherence and reliability by action, with an impact on corresponding authorities. a third party. mitigating GHG emissions. Figure 25 MRV definition The illustration of MRV concept through energy consumption in pre and post intervention scenario is provided in figure 27. Figure 26 Measurement and verification concept The MRV process includes baseline and reporting period. The baseline period is focused on establishing the energy consumption level prior to implementation of energy conservation measure, whereas in reporting period energy consumption is measured for a pre-defined period to estimate the savings from energy consumption measure. 27 Source: Core Concepts: International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol, October 2016 64 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Energy consumption in building depends upon numerous factors such as occupancy, climatic condition, set point of air conditioners etc. Hence, there are chances that the baseline estimated during baseline period may change due various factor such as change in occupancy, climatic conditions, operating schedule, and others. To incorporate these factors and to estimate the realistic savings, baseline adjustment factors are defined during baseline period. These adjustment or correction factors used in reporting period to adjust baseline, in case of deviation in any of the above-mentioned parameters. Benefits of MRV A successfully implemented MRV can be bring multiple benefits. Some of the major benefits for MRV are provided in table below.: Table 9 Benefits of MRV Type of benefit Summary of benefit • • Enhanced clarity of project effectiveness By performing a well‐planned MRV activity, the effectiveness and impacts of the project can be visualized, in terms of its GHG emissions and emission reductions • Enhanced opportunity to access finance• By conducting MRV activities under specified rules, the mitigation project may have access to various types of climate finance sources, including international finance. • Improved policy/ project formulation • By applying the experience of MRV activities, policy development or project planning/ evaluation can be improved in the future. Development of MRV system is identified as a recommendation to support implementation of BEEER rating in chapter 2. Apart from support in estimation of impact in terms of energy savings at building and national level, MRV may help in identification of potential barriers in BEEER system and may inform subsequent update of BEEER credit structure, implementation process and other aspects. MRV under Paris agreement MRV is a key element of NDCs, an instrument that can assess the efforts made by countries in addressing GHG emissions in such a way as to facilitate reviews of the collective efforts of all countries. It is also an important instrument for building confidence among countries. From a developing country perspective, it is also a useful instrument with which to manage GHG emissions and assess the sustainable development benefits of implementing NDCs. The Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requires all countries to periodically report information and data related to national climate actions following some principle of Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV). MRV under mitigation actions assess current progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions towards the overall target (by reviewing the greenhouse gas inventory) and expected future emissions (by reviewing greenhouse gas projections), at national and sectoral levels, to understand the aggregate impact of mitigation actions now and in the future. Selection of MRV method MRV approach is a project specific requirement and mainly depends upon four factors, which include, • Level of accuracy (acceptable to stakeholders): The error level acceptable to stakeholders • Available budget for MRV activity: MRV with low error generally have higher cost • The underlying technology or energy conservation measures : The MRV method is also depended on energy conservation measure implemented. For example, o In case of lighting, difference of power rating (in existing and proposed technology) and operating hours are sufficient to estimate energy savings 65 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report o In case of HVAC, loading of compressor varies depending on cooling load, therefore only power rating and operating hours is not sufficient for this case. • The variation of energy load in target building: This factor helps in development of baseline adjustments. For building with nearly constant energy use will have limited factors whereas for building with variable load, estimation of baseline adjustment factor may become a complex exercise. Based on prevailing condition of above-mentioned factor, MRV methods are compared for pros and cons for specific project requirement and best suited option for MRV is selected. 5.2 Potential options for MRV of Green Buildings The potential approaches suggested for MRV of the Green Buildings are listed below: • The Absolute Approach: Comparison of utility bill in base line period and post implementation period. Applicable for existing buildings. • The EPI Improvement Approach: The improvement in the value of Energy Performance Index (EPI) can be used to estimate the energy savings of building. • The EM Rating Approach: Energy savings are estimated based on credits achieved for energy management for EM2 and EM4 by certified green buildings under BEEER. • The Simulation Approach: Energy saving in this approach estimated by simulating both baseline and proposed case using a simulation software. In this approach digital twin of building is created and energy consumption is estimated for baseline and green buildings. Brief about each of above mentioned approaches are provided in subsequent paragraphs. 5.2.1 The Absolute Approach This method of MRV can be used and is most suited for existing buildings. In this approach, the actual energy consumption measured using utility meter or any meter installed (specially installed for MRV). The measurement of energy consumption is done twice, one before green building interventions and another after installation and commissioning of green building solutions. The absolute difference of two values gives the actual energy reduction. The equation of annual energy savings, and GHG emission reduction is provided below: Annual Energy Savings (in kWh) = ((ECBaseline) – (ECGreen Building)) Emission reduction (in kg of CO2 Equivalent) = Annual Energy Savings (in kWh) X Grid emission factor Where, • ECBaseline is the energy consumption of baseline scenario (in kWh) • ECGreen Building is the energy consumption post green building interventions (in kWh) • Grid Emission factor is the quanity of emissions (in CO2 equivalent terms) produced for generation of 1 kWh of electricity in Bangladesh. • Emission reduction (in kg of CO2 Equivalent) is the annual emission reduction due to green building interventions • The emission factor and Annual Energy Savings should be used of the same year. Important considerations for this approach: • The scheduling and duration of measurement is important. As far as possible, the measurement should be done for a period with business-as-usual scenario. The duration of measurement depends upon variability of electricity load in target building. • This approach is more suitable for existing building, where the measurement can be undertaken. For new building, where green buildings solutions are applied as default, there will be no baseline to compare. • The utility bill generally provides energy consumption of complete facility. To estimate energy savings on a spcific floor of the building or on specific utility of the building, installation of a separate measuring instrument seems more pragmatic. 66 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report • Before undertaking any MRV exercise, defining the baseline adjustment factors is most important. This process envisages most of the possible scenarios or factor where the consumption of building may get affected. Therefore, to nullify the impact of such varriations on the result, adjustment factor are defined. 5.2.2 The EPI Improvement Approach In this approach the improvement in the value of Energy Performance Index (EPI) is used to estimate the total energy savings of green or certified buildings. Here the value of EPIs are already claculated for the case building and the baseline building by the respective experts of the departments. The Energy Performance Index (EPI) for improvement potential of various buildings may be measured by a third party agency as per standard testing conditions for a sample number of buildings in local environment. The third party measurement, one time or periodic activity on sample building, will provide: • Energy performance Index (EPI) i.e. energy used in building per square meter per year for a speific building typology. This will act as baseline for new building. • Percentage of EPI improvement (PEPI) from various green building interventions Above mentioned baseline EPI and PEPI, should be estimated on perodic basis to incorporate changes of energy usage pattern and changes of climatic conditions. For example, in India, for estimation of energy savings from implementation of provisions of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), the baseline and energy saving parameters (in 2007) taken from one technical assiantance study undertaken by third party and subsequenly the baseline by adjusted to incorporate changes in technology, climate and energy usage pattern by estimating a multiplying factor in 2017. Further, total energy savings using this approach may be estimated by multiplication of percentage EPI improvement with baseline EPI (EPIBaseline) of the building and the total roof area for which the green building or energy efficiency interventions are implemented. Equation for total energy savings is provided below: Annual Energy Savings (in kWh) = PEPI X EPIBaseline x AreaGreen-Buildings Emission reduction (in kg of CO2 Equivalent) = Annual Energy Savings (in kWh) X Grid emission factor Where, • AreaGreen-Buildings is the area on which the green building interventions are implemented (in square meter) • EPIBaseline is energy used in building per square meter per year (in kWh per square meter per year) in baseline case • PEPI is Percentage improvement in energy perfromance index EPI from application of different green building solutions • Emission reduction (in kg of CO2 Equivalent) is the annual emission reduction due to green building interventions • Grid Emission factor is the quanity of emissions (in CO2 equivalent terms) produced for generation of 1 kWh of electricity in Bangladesh. • The emission factor and Annual Energy Savings should be used of the same year. Important considerations for this approach: • This approach is suitable for both existing, new building, sample building and bulk of buildings • The savings are estimated based on preestimated percentage energy savings in EPI, therefore, the total energy savings can be calculated in advance, i.e before implementation of ECMs • The Error in estimation of energy savings is dependent on accuracy of measurements done by third party for percentage improvement in EPI. 5.2.3 The EM Rating Approach The credits achieved for energy management (EM) to achieve ratings for certifications by a builidng under the Building Energy Efficiency & Environment Rating (BEEER) for design and construction of buildings can also be used to get the values of Energy Savings and GHG emission reductions. There 67 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report are certain credit scores required to be achieved by a building under various categories for green building certification. The credit score to be aheived for energy management under the credit EM2 is 5 and its mandatory. The credit score which can be achieved by a green building for the the EM4 varies between 6-20. The score in credit EM4 and EM2 is dependent upon the percentage of savings achieved by a building for optimization of the energy performance by Interior and Exterior Lighting power Density (LPD) reduction, Improvement of Thermal performance of building envelope and Energy efficient HVAC systems. The total score of the green building certified with BEEER for EM2 and EM4 is 25 which corresponds to the energy efficiency performance percentage compared with the baseline building from 0-50%. EM2 requires to achieve mandatorily 5% increase in performmance and for EM4 its ranging between 6-50%. Hence it can be said that a green building certified with BEEER rating of SREDA and having the score of EM4 buildings in the range of 6-20 corresponds to the equivalent value of the energy perfromance of building. The percentage values of the energy perfromance of a green building with reference to baseline are predefined by SREDA. The corresponding values can be referred in table provided provided for EM4 of Energy Management under the credit points of Advanced Energy performance (Credit No 25). The perfromance of improvement is measured by the buidling professional and verified by a third party agency certification as per standard of rating system. The third party measurement, one time or periodic activity on sample building, will provide the Percentage of Energy performance (EPPercentage). Here, EPPercentage is the percentage of savings achieved by a building for optimization of the energy performance by Interior and Exterior Lighting power Density (LPD) reduction, Improvement of Thermal performance of building envelope and Energy efficient HVAC systems. Further, total energy savings using this approach may be achieved by using the following relationship. The Equation for total energy savings is: Annual Energy Savings (in kWh) = ECGreen Building X [ (EPPercentage) / (1 - EPPercentage) ] Emission reduction (in kg of CO2 Equivalent) = Annual Energy Savings (in kWh) X Grid emission factor Where, • ECGreen Building is the energy consumption post green building interventions (in kWh) • EPPercentage is the percentage (decimal value) of savings achieved by a building for optimization of the energy performance by various green building interventions • The value of EPPercentage for a green building should be referred from EM4 credits of Energy Management under the credit points of Advanced Energy performance (Credit No 25) as per BEEER of SREDA. • Emission reduction (in kg of CO2 Equivalent) is the annual emission reduction due to green building interventions • Grid Emission factor is the quanity of emissions (in CO2 equivalent terms) produced for generation of 1 kWh of electricity in Bangladesh. • The emission factor and Annual Energy Savings should be used of the same year. Important considerations for this approach: • This approach is applicable only for those buildings which are certified as per BEEER green building ratings systems of Bangladesh. • This approach is suitable for both existing and new building provided an estimated value of EPPercentage is available. • The savings are estimated based on preestimated percentage energy savings, therefore, the total energy savings can be calculated in advance, i.e before implementation of ECMs • The Error in estimation of energy savings is dependent on accuracy of measurements done by third party and the sample size of buildings considered. Its also dependent upon the estimated value of EPPercentage for the building in consideration. 68 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report 5.2.4 The Simulation Approach In this approach, using building energy software, a digital twin of the building is created and energy consumption is estimated by simulation of baseline case (with out green building interventions) and proposed case (with green building interventions). This activity can be executed for single building as sample case or can be repeated for multiple buildings for impact analysis. The equation of total annual energy savings for this approach is provided below: Annual Energy Savings (in kWh) = Total annual energy consumption in baseline case (simulated) - Total annual energy consumption in proposed case (simulated) Emission reduction (in kg of CO2 Equivalent) = Annual Energy Savings (in kWh) X Grid emission factor Where, • Emission reduction (in kg of CO2 Equivalent) is the annual emission reduction due to green building interventions • Grid Emission factor is the quanity of emissions (in CO2 equivalent terms) produced for generation of 1 kWh of electricity in Bangladesh. Important considerations for this approach: • This approach is suitable for both existing and new building • This approach of simulation requires special technical skills and knowledge about simulation softwares and more information about building material and local weather. • The savings are estimated based on simulation, therefore, the total energy savings can be calculated in advance, i.e before implementation of ECMs • The Error in estimation of energy savings is dependent on accuracy of parameters considered in simulation software such as properties of building material, weather data of location, operating hours of the appliances etc. • The cost of simulation varies across different geographies depending upon extent of use of simulation in building performance assessment and availalbility of local service providers. 5.3 International Experience Some of the green building programs, reviewed as part of this study has defined MRV for estimation of performance of green buildings and energy saving potential. Brief about select methods of conducting MRV for the green building or Building Energy Efficiency are presented here in the table below. Table 10 Brief about select Green Building MRVs Country MRV Methods US (LEED) The LEED certification is granted by the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI), which arranges third-party verification of a project's compliance with the LEED requirements. LEED residential projects require on-site verification and performance. Verification process requires LEED Green Rater, Energy Rater and Homes Provider US (Energy The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) develops and manages Energy Star Star) Portfolio Manager, an online energy tracking and benchmarking tool for commercial buildings. In 2011 the EPA instituted third-party certification of all Energy Star products. The recognized certification bodies and oversight by a recognized accreditation body for all the products under Energy Star Rating. UK (BREEAM) BREEAM assessments are carried out by independent assessors in two stages: a design stage assessment, resulting in an interim certificate being issued, and a post-construction assessment, resulting in a final certificate being issued and rating awarded. The BREEAM assessment process is one of evaluating a building’s performance against the scheme and its criteria using an independent third party auditor (the BREEAM Assessor). The BREEAM certificate, issued by the National Scheme Operator (NSO - BRE Global in the UK), provides formal verification that the Assessor has completed an assessment of a building in accordance with the requirements of the scheme and its quality standards and procedures. 69 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Country MRV Methods Canada and US The Assessor performs an onsite assessment of the project to verify that the self-reported (Green Globes) claims made in the online evaluation and to suggest recommendations for improvement. Green globes uses a third-party certification for building owners to demonstrate sustainable features, operational efficiencies and measures to protect occupant health. The Green Globes for New Construction certification includes two stages for assessment and certification. The preliminary assessment occurs after concept design when construction documents are available. The final assessment occurs when construction is complete. Users can evaluate their systems based on the number of applicable points in seven categories. Australia and Green Star certification is managed by Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA). In green South Africa star certification a building, fit out, or precinct is awarded a rating by an independent, third (Green Star) party assessor. It is a document-based assessment, undertaken online within two rounds of assessment both which are carried out by independent third parties. Japan Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE) is (CASBEE) applicable for both Residential and non-residential type of buildings. CASBEE have two sections and six categories. Points are awarded in each category, then weighted and divided into two sections Built Enviornment Quality (BEQ) and Built Environment Load (BEL). The ratio of BEQ and BEL provides the built environment efficiency (BEE). A third party examines and certifies assessment results provided by CASBEE for New Construction, Existing Buildings, and Renovation. An application for certification must be accompanied by assessment results provided by a CASBEE Accredited Professional for Buildings. Assessment is done based on the tailored made suite of assessment tools. South Korea (G- The South Korean G-SEED (Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design) is SEED) mandatory requirement for buildings under purview of Building Control (Environmental Sustainability) Regulations 2008. A site verification is conducted upon completion of all committed items. Site verification process includes review of delivery records, updated documents on green features, building energy performance data and photographic evidences. Germany DGNB - German sustainable Building Certificate is the rating tool for buildings. The rating (DGNB) tool assesses the building’s overall performance rather than individual measures, and life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) are part of the assessment criteria. The certification is voluntary, and market based. The certification process requires engagement of a certified auditor for the entire submission process. India (ECBC) Estimation of energy savings from implementation of provisions of ECBC, the baseline and energy saving parameters (in 2007) taken from one technical assiantance study undertaken by third party and subsequenly the adjusted baseline to incorporate changes in technology, climate and energy usage pattern by estimating a multiplying factor in 2017 India (GRIHA) The points related to energy consumption, thermal and visual comfort etc (specified under the relevant sections) are awarded after verification through monitoring, validation (on-site through performance monitoring), and documents/photographs to support the award of point. World Bank - The EDGE Auditor shall verify through a Design Audit and Site Audit that the building project IFC (EDGE) design meets the EDGE Standard. Post certification of a building the project report showing the Gross Internal Area (GIA) and the project file number will be sufficient for verification 70 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report 6. Energy saving potential of BEEER 71 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report 6. Estimation of energy saving potential of BEEER at building level and national level 6.1 Methodology This chapter provides an estimation about energy saving potential by implementation of BEEER rating system at building and national level. For estimation of energy saving potential at building level, project team developed simulation models of residential and commercial building using DesignBuilder software. Methodology used for estimation of building level savings is provided below in following steps: • Step 1: Development of simulation model of residential and commercial building. Details of construction of various elements of envelope and load is provided in section 7.2. Simulation model developed in step 1 is termed as baseline model • Step 2: Estimation of annual electricity consumption for baseline model. • Step 3: Updating of simulation model to include energy efficiency measures (termed as EEM model) and estimation of annual electricity consumption. • Step 4: Comparison of electricity consumption of baseline model with EEM model to estimate energy savings from implemented energy efficiency measures For estimation of national level savings for next ten years from implementation of BEEER rating system, different penetration scenarios have been developed, which includes: • Business as usual scenario: For this scenario, team has considered the actual penetration of LEED rating in Bangladesh in last 10 years. It is assumed that, in absence of any strong policy mandate, BEEER may follow similar penetration trajectory • Moderate Scenario and optimistic scenario: For these scenarios, team has assumed that the adoption of BEEER rating will be supported by promotional policies and incentive of relevant government departments. National level savings were estimated using following methodology: • Step 1: Estimation of total building stock of next 10 years • Step 2: Estimation of penetration level of BEEER rating in business as usual, moderate and optimistic scenario • Step 3: Use of results of building level energy saving results estimated using simulation (percentage energy savings) • Step 4: Estimation of average energy performance index (EPI) i.e. electricity used per square meter per annum for Bangladesh. • Step 5: Estimation of national level savings using following formula: Energy savings business as usual (BAU) = Building stock X Penetration level BAU X EPI X Percentage energy savings BAU Energy savings moderate scenario = Building stock X Penetration level moderate X EPI X Percentage energy savings moderate Energy savings optimistic scenario = Building stock X Penetration level optimistic X EPI X Percentage energy savings optimistic 6.2 Estimation of building level savings For estimation of energy savings from adoption of energy efficiency measures suggested in BEEER system, team developed simulation model of a residential and commercial building using DesignBuilder software. For simulated building, two cases were considered, one baseline case (without any energy efficiency measure) and proposed case (with energy efficiency measures). Details of parameters considered for development of simulation model of residential building are provided below: 72 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Residential Building Table 11 Parameters considered for simulation of residential building Sr. No Particular Unit Value 1 Area of residential building Square m 1920 2 No. of floor Nos 3 3 Air-Conditioned Area Bedroom 4 No. of houses Nos. 12 Envelope 5 Window to wall ratio % 15% Red Brick Wall (230 mm) with 6 External wall construction material plaster both side (10 mm each side) 7 U Factor – External wall (W/m2-K) 2.12 Concrete (150 mm) with plaster on 8 Roof construction material both sides (10 mm each side) 9 Roof – U Factor (W/m2-K) 3.16 10 Windows – U Factor (W/m2-K) 2.66 11 Window - SHGC 0.6 12 Window - VLT 0.664 Mass wall (Brick wall 150 mm) with 13 Interior partition wall construction material plaster on both sides 14 Interior partition wall – U Factor (W/m2-K) 1.5 Air Changes 15 Infiltration 0.7 per hour (ACH) Load 16 Average lighting power density Watt/m2 7 17 Daylight controls Yes/No No 18 Occupancy controls Yes/No No Bedroom 5 W/sqm 19 Plug load (W/m2) Living Room 3 W/sqm Kitchen 30 W/sqm 20 HVAC Packaged type 21 HVAC - COP 3.08 Annual energy use of residential building in baseline case is estimated to be 80,024 kWh and Energy performance Index (EPI) i.e., electricity usage per unit area per annum, is estimated to be 42 kWh per square meter per annum. Classification of usage of energy is provided in figure 28. Classification of annual electricity usage in baseline case Appliances 28% Fans Lighting 1% 34% Cooling 37% Figure 27 Distribution of electricity usage in residential building in baseline case Details about various energy efficiency measures applied on residential building is provided in table below: 73 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Table 12 Details of Energy Efficiency Measures implemented in simulated residential building Energy Efficiency measure Details of measures EEM 1: Installation of Cool roof Installation of cool roof to improve reflectivity 60% (aged property) from 30% of baseline case EEM 2: Installation of energy efficient lighting Installation of energy efficient lighting to improve the lighting density from 7 Watt/m2 to 5 Watt/m2 EEM 3: Installation of Energy Efficient AC Installation of energy efficient AC to improve COP from 3.08 to 3.49 EEM 4: Installation of high-performance windows Installation of double glaze high performance window to improve SHGC from 0.6 to 0.25 EEM 5: Installation of overhang Installation of 300 mm overhang over windows Energy savings estimated for above mentioned energy efficiency measures is provided in figure 29. 25.0% 23.4% 20.0% 15.0% 10.3% 10.0% 7.5% 4.7% 5.0% 2.1% 1.1% 0.0% EEM 1: Use of EEM 2: Energy EEM 3: Energy EEM 4: Use of EEM 5: Use of Total energy cool roof Efficient LED Efficient AC (COP double glaze high overhang (300 savings over lighting 3.49) performance mm) baseline window glass Figure 28 Energy savings from implemented energy efficiency measures in residential building Commercial building Details of parameters considered for development of simulation model of commercial building (private office) are provided below: Table 13 Parameters considered for simulation of commercial building Sr. No Particular Unit Value 1 Area of commercial building Square m 5210 2 No. of floor Nos 5 3 Percentage Air-Conditioned Area % 72% 4 Primary use Office Envelope 5 Window to wall ratio % 30% Red Brick Wall (230 mm) with 6 External wall construction material plaster both side (10 mm each side) 7 U Factor – External wall (W/m2-K) 2.12 Concrete (150 mm) with plaster 8 Roof construction material on both sides (10 mm each side) 9 Roof – U Factor (W/m2-K) 3.16 10 Windows – U Factor (W/m2-K) 2.66 11 Window - SHGC 0.5 12 Window - VLT 0.664 Mass wall (Brick wall 150 mm) 13 Interior partition wall construction material with plaster on both sides 14 Interior partition wall – U Factor (W/m2-K) 1.5 Air Changes per 15 Infiltration 0.7 hour (ACH) Load 74 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Sr. No Particular Unit Value 16 Average lighting power density Watt/m2 9 17 Daylight controls Yes/No No 18 Occupancy controls Yes/No No 19 Plug load (W/m2) 16 20 HVAC Packaged type 21 HVAC - COP 3.08 2.5 L/s-person + 0.3 L/s-m2 22 Ventilation (ASHRAE 62.1) Annual energy use of commercial building in baseline case is estimated to be 635,834 kWh and Energy performance Index (EPI) i.e., electricity usage per unit area per annum, is estimated to be 122 kWh per square meter per annum. Classification of usage of energy is provided in figure 30. Classification of annual electricity use in baseline case Interior Equipment 34% Fans Lighting 1% 20% Cooling 45% Figure 29 Distribution of electricity use in simulated commercial building Details about various energy efficiency measures applied on residential building is provided in table below: Table 14 Details of energy efficiency measures implemented in simulated commercial building Energy Efficiency Details of measures measure EEM 1: Installation of Installation of cool roof to improve reflectivity 60% (aged property) from 30% of Cool roof baseline case EEM 2: Installation of Installation of energy efficient lighting to improve the lighting density from 9 Watt/m2 energy efficient lighting to 6.75 Watt/m2 EEM 3: Installation of Installation of energy efficient AC to improve COP from 3.08 to 3.49 Energy Efficient AC EEM 4: Installation of Installation of double glaze high performance window to improve SHGC from 0.5 to high-performance 0.25 windows Energy savings estimated for above mentioned energy efficiency measures is provided in figure 31. 75 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report 18.0% 16.7% 16.0% Percentage savings (%) 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.4% 6.0% 5.1% 4.2% 4.0% 2.2% 2.0% 0.0% EEM 1: Use of cool EEM 2: Energy EEM 3: Energy EEM 4: Use of Total energy savings roof Efficient LED lighting Efficient AC (COP double glaze high over baseline 3.49) performance window glass Figure 30 Energy savings from implementation of energy efficiency measures in commercial building 6.3 Estimation of national level savings As per the methodology mentioned in section 6.1, parameters such as building stock (present and forecast), energy consumption by building sector, energy performance index (EPI), penetration of green building certification (LEED in last 10 years) and results of energy savings (based on simulation) were used to estimate energy savings at national level for next 10 years. Brief about each of mentioned parameters and the values considered is provided in subsequent section. Building stock, energy, and EPI Building stock data28 and electricity use29 in building sector in Bangladesh, identified basis literature review were used for forecasting the building stock, electricity used for next 10 years. Historical and forecasted data of building stock and energy is provided in figure 32. 900 50,000 Annual electricity consumption Building stock (in million Sq 800 45,000 700 40,000 600 35,000 (million kWh) 30,000 meter) 500 25,000 400 20,000 300 15,000 200 10,000 100 5,000 - - 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 Building stock - Residential and commercial Annual electricity consumption in buildings Figure 31 Historical and forecasted data of building stock and annual electricity use by building sector in Bangladesh Assumptions used for forecasting: • The building stock of residential and commercial sector is expected to grow at CAGR30 of 2.7% and 6.22% respectively. 28 Green building market intelligence Bangladesh Country Profile: IFC https://edgebuildings.com/wp- content/uploads/2018/05/Bangladesh-Green-Building-Market-Intelligence.pdf 29 Source: IEA World Energy Balances 2020 https://www.iea.org/subscribe-to-data-services/world-energy-balances-and- statistics 30 Source: Green building market intelligence Bangladesh Country Profile: IFC https://edgebuildings.com/wp- content/uploads/2018/05/Bangladesh-Green-Building-Market-Intelligence.pdf 76 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report • Electricity performance index (EPI), i.e., electricity used per square meter per year, estimated to be 54.28 kWh/square meter per year for 2018 using data provided in figure 32. It is assumed that in next 10 years, EPI will reduce by 1% every year to improvement in efficiency in business- as-usual case. • The annual electricity use by building sector till 2031 is estimated using forecasted values of building stock and EPI using following formula Annual energy use = Building stock X EPI Penetration of green building certification To estimate penetration of BEEER rating in next ten years, project team collected data on LEED for last 10 years, to understand the penetration of green building rating system in Bangladesh in business-as- usual scenario. For estimation of moderate and optimistic scenario, it was assumed that relevant policies for voluntary/mandatory use of BEEER and incentives will be offered. This will result in 6 to 20 times growth over business-as-usual scenario. The penetration of LEED in last 10 years, classification of opted certification level and projection for penetration is provided in figure 33. Penetration - Business as ususal Penetration - Moderate Penetration - Optimistic 10.21% PENETRATION OF BEEER (%) 4.54% 3.54% 2.02% 1.77% 0.90% 0.88% 0.53% 0.44% 0.40% 0.37% 0.26% 0.22% 0.19% 0.18% 0.13% 0.11% 0.08% 0.07% 0.06% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 Figure 32 Projected penetration of BEEER in different scenarios Inference: • Business as usual scenario: For this scenario, team has considered the actual penetration of LEED rating in Bangladesh in last 10 years. It is assumed that, in absence of any strong policy mandate, BEEER may follow similar penetration trajectory • Moderate Scenario: For these scenarios, team has assumed that the adoption of BEEER rating will be supported by promotional policies (for voluntary adoption) and incentive of relevant government departments. Penetration in this scenario assumed around 6 – 7 times of business- as-usual scenario • Optimistic scenario: For these scenarios, team has assumed that the adoption of BEEER rating will be supported by promotional policies (mandatory provisions for few sectors) and incentive of relevant government departments. Penetration in this scenario assumed around 20 times of business-as-usual scenario National level savings National level savings from implementation of BEEER is estimated using formula mentioned in methodology section 6.1 is provided in figure 34. 77 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Energy saving from implementation of BEEER 1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 Million kWh 600.00 400.00 200.00 - 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 Energy saving - Business as usual Energy saving - Moderate Scenario Energy saving - Optimistic Scenario Figure 33 National level energy savings estimated from implementation of BEEER in next 10 years Inference: • Estimated impact from adoption of BEEER rating is: o Business as usual scenario: 10.65 million kWh in 2031, considering penetration in 0.53% of the total stock and percentage energy savings per building as 5%. Annual GHG emission reduction31 in this scenario is estimated to be 6,070 tons of CO2 equivalent. o Moderate scenario: 214 million kWh in 2031, considering penetration in 3.5% of the total stock and percentage energy savings per building as 15%. Annual GHG emission reduction32 in this scenario is estimated to be 0.12 million tons of CO2 equivalent. o Optimistic scenario: 1029 million kWh in 2031, considering penetration in 10.2% of the total stock and percentage energy savings per building as 25%. Annual GHG emission reduction33 in this scenario is estimated to be 0.59 million tons of CO2 equivalent. 31 Source: The grid emission factor for Bangladesh is considered as 0.57 ton of CO2/MWh. Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9350889 32 Source: The grid emission factor for Bangladesh is considered as 0.57 ton of CO2/MWh. Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9350889 33 Source: The grid emission factor for Bangladesh is considered as 0.57 ton of CO2/MWh. Source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9350889 78 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Annexures 79 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Annexure 1: Energy, water, and environment conservation measures Energy, water, and environment conservation measures identified basis review of measures implemented in the region (and list suggested in select green building rating systems) is provided in table below. Measures are classified as per the various aspects of the building covered in BEEER. Table 15 List of Energy, Water, Environment Conservation Measures Aspects Brief Overview • Topsoil preservation and using for plantation purposes (by way of temporary seeding to retain its fertility) • Using native or naturalised species of trees around the periphery of the site to enhance Project Site biodiversity Management • Air pollution control measures such as site barricading, coverage of dusty material, wheel washing and water sprinkling during construction • Ensuring proper timing of construction to minimize soil erosion and pollution. • Use of low flow and flush fixtures • Use of non-potable water for landscaping Water • Native plantation and use of efficient irrigation system management • Use of gunny bags for curing of columns and ponding technique for curing of slabs • Use of Hessian cloth for curing of columns • Rainwater harvesting technique to store water in-situ • High efficacy lamps for exterior lighting which is operated by timer controller • Occupancy sensors in closed spaces - Occupancy sensors control the operation of lighting fixtures • Using efficient LEDs and 5-star rated air conditioners • Using Variable Air Volume Control (VAV) - VAV terminals control the amount of air delivered to common spaces. The ability for VAV terminals to adjust fan speed reduces the energy consumed by the fans. In addition, VAV systems provide a greater level of dehumidification than a conventional constant volume system, which enhances Energy building occupants’ overall thermal comfort Management • Using operable windows - Operable windows provide residents with natural ventilation and control over the thermal conditions of their space. In some cases, this alleviates the need to cool spaces and, in turn, reduces energy usage associated with cooling loads • Facades with WWR (Window to Wall Ratio) 14.39% or lower • Centralized air conditioning done through variable refrigerant flow technology can be used • Task Lighting—All areas with open office workstations can be outfitted with individual task lamps to allow reduced ambient lighting levels that run full time • Pozzolana Portland Cement (PPC) and Gyproc plaster (30% fly-ash content by weight) to be used in plaster and masonry mortar • Using Fly-ash bricks and AAC blocks to reduce embodied energy of the building • Use of low energy flooring, false ceiling (Gypsum boards and MR grade boards) and Construction panelling to reduce embodied energy of the building materials • Use of wooden flush doors, Aluminium window frames and vitrified tiles having recycled contents, use of low-VOC paints, adhesives and sealants • Use of prefabricated structures as roofing material to reduce the amount of concrete used in the building • Using post tension slabs to reduce quantity of structural concrete • Recessed windows to be provided for good shading of glazed surface • Double walls to be constructed to reduce U-value and achieve better thermal comfort Building design • Provision of terraces, balconies and horizontal shading devices and appropriate glazing which will reduce direct solar heat gain • Provision for naturally ventilated and adequately daylighted habitable spaces • Deploying Solar Photovoltaic systems Renewable • Using Solar hot water system to offset conventional energy demand for hot water, thus Energy reducing the consumption of energy generated from non-renewable sources • Installing LED solar streetlights 80 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report • Multi-coloured bins for segregation of biodegradable, non-biodegradable and hazardous/electronic waste. • Central waste collection area for storage of segregated waste on site • Usage of MBBR STP technology on site (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor in Sewage Waste Treatment Plants) - MBBR wastewater treatment system enables efficient results of the Management disposal using low energy. The technology is used to separate organic substances, nitrification, and denitrification • Using Activated Sludge Process (ASP) type STP • Using Vermi-Composting for treating organic waste • Sealing air ducts to keep out dust • Protecting absorptive materials with plastic wrapping • Keeping dust from spreading with plastic curtains • Scheduling painting to take place prior to the installation of absorptive materials such Indoor as furniture and carpet (Shaw Cross Stitch and Shaw Corded Tile) Environment • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) to be kept to a minimum for all adhesives, sealants, paints, and carpets. • Not allowing smoking inside or within few feet of the building • Composite Wood and Laminate Adhesives not to have any Urea Formaldehyde 81 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Annexure 2: Proposed template for credit structure Credit name: Credit points: Applicability: Building type (Residential/ commercial/ factory/ industry). Building stage (New/ existing) Intent: The intent is the idea behind the credit and why it is important for the wellbeing, environment and sustainability. Requirements: Requirements of the credit including baseline and calculation method. Intent background: connects credit achievement with larger sustainability issues and provides information on how the credit requirements meet the intent stated in the rating system Design steps: Step by step guidance on what all documentation is required and implementation. Lists the generally applicable tips and examples for most projects. Additional description: Examples/ case study: Linkages to other credits Required documentation: Outlines the rating system requirements for achieving the credit, necessary documentation, and submissions. Some documents may be asked to be submitted for existing buildings. All documents may not be available for new buildings. Submission templates: Reference standard: Approved tools: 82 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Annexure 3: Review of national building sector institutional dimensions, permits and surveillance policies 3.1 Mapping out national building sector institutional dimensions and procedures 3.1.1 National Building Sector Institutional Dimension Nodal Ministry and Code Ministry of Housing and Public Works (MOHPW) is the nodal ministry for building sector in Bangladesh. Based on provisions of Building Construction Act 1952, government is conferred with powers to develop set of rules that specify minimum standards for the construction of buildings. Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 2020, developed above on above provisions by Ministry of Housing and Public Works, repeals the Bangladesh National Building Code, 2006. As per BNBC 2020, new buildings must conform to the code to obtain permission from the regulatory authority, usually from a local government body. The purpose of the code is: • To establish minimum standards for design, construction, quality of materials, use and occupancy, location and maintenance of buildings in order to safeguard, within achievable limits, life, limb, health, property and public welfare. The building code becomes law of a particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate governmental authority. • The installation and use of certain equipment, services and appurtenances related, connected or attached to such buildings are also regulated herein to achieve the same purpose. Building codes are intended to be applied by architects, engineers, interior designers, constructors and regulators, but are also used for various purposes by safety inspectors, environmental scientists, real estate developers, subcontractors, manufacturers of building products and materials, insurance companies, facility managers, tenants and others. Codes regulate the design and construction of structures where adopted into law. In Bangladesh, building codes are developed by the government agencies and then enforced across the country by the central government. Salient feature of BNBC scope includes: • The provisions of this Code shall apply to the design, construction, use or occupancy, alteration, moving, demolition and repair of any building or structure and to any appurtenances installed therein or connected or attached thereto, except such matters as are otherwise provided for in other laws controlling and regulating buildings. • If for any case different sections of Code provide different specifications for materials, methods of design or construction, or other requirements, the most restrictive specification shall govern. In case of any conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall prevail. • The provisions of any appendix in this Code shall not be mandatory unless they are referred to as such in any section of the Code or they are specifically adopted by any regulation. • Inspection conducted or permission granted for any building or plan of building, under the provisions of this Code, shall not be construed as a warranty of the physical condition of such building or the adequacy of such plan. • Buildings which are in existence on the date of commencement of BNBC 2020 may have their use or occupancy continued without undergoing any alteration, abandonment or removal unless in the opinion of the Authority such continued use is hazardous to life and property and provided such use or occupancy was legal on the date of commencement of this Code. • In case any modification is done on existing building (constructed before enactment of code), the code mentions: o Any building together with the new additions shall not exceed the height, number of stories and area specified in this Code for new buildings having the relevant occupancy and type of construction 83 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report o Non-structural alterations or repairs to an existing building or structure which do not adversely affect any structural member, nor reduce the strength of any part of the building or structure to result in an unsafe condition shall be made with materials and components having the required fire resistance Regulatory Authority One of the major barriers in building sector in Bangladesh has been lack of coordination among multiple department and organization that were working for common goals of improving the quality of building construction, implementation of good occupational health and safety practices, wellbeing of the occupants and minimizing environmental impact of buildings. To overcome this challenge, BNBC 2020 has suggested establishment of Bangladesh Building Regulatory Authority (BBRA), a regulatory body for establishing regulation in building sector and to develop check and control process. The BBRA will have 5 members and 1 chairman which will be appointed by the government of Bangladesh. The members will include experts with more than 30 years of experience in the field of civil engineering, architect, infrastructure/city planning, legal field, or Bangladesh civil service. The envisaged roles of regulatory authority are: • Establishing regulatory framework for building design and construction with efficient and effective compliance mechanism; • Develop building check and control procedure for ensuring high degree of regulatory compliance in planning and the Code requirements and reduce information asymmetry between the end user (building occupant, homeowner) and seller (developers, builders); • Streamline and improve transparency through dissemination of information related to built environment including detail land use plan, regulations on safety, water and environmental conservation, health, energy efficiency and urban planning requirements through print and digital media including its website; • Develop an effective licensing system, jointly with the professional bodies by forming a National Council for Licensing of Building Professionals (NCLBP), for conducting examinations for the members of those respective professional bodies; • Update the requirements of building permit and inspection procedure as per this Code; • Require the owner of an existing or under construction high risk building, having major impacts on public safety for inhabitants within and near the building, to carry out review of design and construction by licensed professionals acceptable to the Authority; • Introduce IT based automated procedure for permits and online information system to enable the applicants to track the progress of the permitting process; • Establish an independent quasi-judicial dispute-resolution body that can make binding decisions in disputes between practitioners, developers, stakeholders and permitting authorities on matters related to interpretation of the Code or sufficiency of compliance, which cannot be appealed except to the High Court Division on matters of law; • Recommend punitive and other measures against developers and professionals for violation of the Code and safety measures. • Take measures for updating of the Code in light of research, improved building design and construction technique, availability of new products and technology; • Advise the Government on policy and administration of building regulations including capacity development. • Take up matters from time to time which the Authority deems necessary. Enforcement by local bodies and government The BBRA shall designate specific geographical jurisdiction as the Office of the Building Official. The Office of the Building Official shall be established at various local or regional development area or local government levels. List of building officials responsible for various geographical jurisdiction are mentioned in table below: 84 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Table 16 Local government or enforcement bodies Sr. Area Authority Areas falling under the master plan control of Rajdhani Unnayan 1 RAJUK Kartipokhkha (RAJUK) Areas falling under the master plan control of Chittagong 2 CDA Development Authority (CDA) Areas falling under the master plan control of Rajshahi 3 RDA Development Authority (RDA) Areas falling under the master plan control of Khulna 4 KDA Development Authority (KDA) Areas falling under the master plan control of any Development 5 Relevant development authority Authority to be established in future Areas falling under the geographical jurisdiction of any 6 Relevant city corporation City Corporation where no Development Authority exists Areas falling under the geographical jurisdiction of any 7 Relevant municipality Municipality where no Development Authority exists Office of The Executive Engineer 8 Areas not falling under any of the above Public Works Department (PWD) To be declared by the government as 9 Special areas, if any and when necessary The building officials of entities mentioned in the table above shall be authorized to enforce all the provisions of BNBC and for such purposes the building official shall have the power of a law enforcing officer. Schematics of overall institutional framework of Bangladesh Building Sector is provided in the figure 35. Central Government Enactment of BNBC MOHPW Development of BNBC BNBC BBRA Implementation of BNBC by RAJUK and other entities Other Municipalitie RAJUK CDA RDA KDA deveopment EE of PWD s authorities Figure 34 Institutional framework of Bangladesh Building and Construction Sector 3.1.2 Procedure for design to commission In Bangladesh, no building or structure regulated by BNBC shall be erected, constructed, enlarged, altered, repaired, moved, improved, removed, converted or demolished without obtaining permit for each such work from the building official. The following works are exempted from the requirement of a permit unless they do not otherwise violate the provisions of this Code, for the said work or any other adjacent property, regarding general building requirements, structural stability and fire safety requirements of this Code: 85 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Opening or closing of a window or a door or a ventilator Providing internal doors Providing partitions Providing false ceiling Gardening Painting Plastering and patch work Re-flooring Construction of sunshades on one's own land Re-erection of portion of buildings damaged by earthquake/cyclone or other natural calamities, as existed prior to such damage; Solid boundary walls less than 1.5 m and open boundary wall less than 2.75 m in height. Figure 35 Works exempted from permit requirement Building permit comprise of the following 4 (four) stages: Land use certificate Building permit Large and Occupancy specialized project certificate permit Figure 36 Stages of building permit Permit of all or any of the above may be necessary for a particular area/city/town/ municipality. Requirement in this regard shall be incorporated in the building construction byelaws/rules/regulations valid for that particular area/city/town/ municipality. The validity of permits for different purposes from the date of issuance shall be as follows: Table 17 Validity of Permit Sr. Permit Duration (months) 1 Land use certificate 24 2 Large and specialized project permit 24 3 Building permit 36 months (unless construction up-to plinth level is done) This occupancy certificate is valid for 5 years. 4 Occupancy certificate This certificate needs to be renewed every 5 years. Constitution of Building Permit Committees As per the provisions laid out in the Building Construction Act, the government may constitute various committees to examine and scrutinize applications and approve or refuse permits thereby. Each committee will have specific Terms of Reference and Work Procedure. 3.1.3 Administrative procedure for project review and surveillance The Building Official shall notify the applicant as the case may be either approval or refusal of the permit for any work. If the Building Official does not notify the applicant of such approval or refusal within this specified period, the application shall be deemed to have been approved provided the fact is brought to the notice of the Building Official. Such approval shall not be interpreted to authorize any person to do anything in contravention of or against the terms of lease or titles of the land or against any other regulations, bylaws or ordinance operating on the site of the work or any of the provisions of BNBC. 86 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Refusal of permit shall be accompanied with reason and the Building Official shall quote the relevant sections of BNBC which the application/drawings/submissions contravene. The applicant may correct or remove such reasons and reapply for permit with any fee if applicable. The Building Official shall scrutinize the re-submitted application and, if there be no further objection, it shall be approved, and permit issued. Inspection All works relating to a building or structure regulated by the provisions of this Code for which permits are required shall be subject to inspection by the Building Official. Modalities and frequency of such inspections shall conform to the requirements put forward by the approving authority. Example for RAJUK Dhaka To explain the complete process, starting with application of land use permit till award of permit for occupancy including inspection process, is provided in this section with help of example of RAJUK, the building authority of Dhaka. If a developer company or an individual property owner wishes to construct a building in Dhaka city, permission from the concerned government authority is required to begin construction. In Dhaka city, RAJUK- Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha - has the development authority of the capital and approves building design and plan before the start of a project. There are several steps to follow (at least two and minimum of four steps to complete) 1. Land use clearance (applicable for the unplanned area) 2. Special project permit for large or specialized projects (if applicable) 3. Building permit (mandatory) 4. Occupancy Certificate (mandatory) 1. Land Use Clearance (if applicable) At first, a Town Planning Application (Form 101) has to be filled and submitted for Land Use Clearance as per RAJUK Town Planning in different areas of Dhaka Metropolitan city. The documents required for this clearance include: • 3 copies of the application form signed by the applicant • 3 copies of 15 cm x 20 cm survey map (scale 1:5,000 or 1:10,000) showing site map plan A in mouza map of location signed by the applicant. • Receipt of required Government fee deposited. After this, a site inspection is carried out by RAJUK and a report with site related information is given to the Town Planning section. The site-related information includes: • Location of land • Land use within a 250-meter radius of land • Name and width of the nearest main road • Name and width of nearest road connecting plot • Existence of following within 250 m of the plot- main road, market, station, airport, historical structure, river terminal, etc. • Average road benchmark elevation • Land use around north, south, east, west sides of the land • Other important information After a thorough study of the report by the Town Planner, permission is given to the developer company or applicant for a 24-month period during which plan has to be submitted to RAJUK. 87 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report 2. Special Project Permit (if applicable) If a project is considered special or big which is determined by the Town Planner, additional information apart from the above-mentioned ones has to be provided for clearance. (application form 201) The additional information includes: Total number of Proposed Maximum ground Total land area Total floor area floors above the development coverage plinth Total number of Number of existing Approximate total Total number of apartments for Total floor area structures within the electricity basements residential properties area requirement Proposed project development time in Covered area of Approximate total months with a each floor of each water consumption number of phases type of use in a table and duration Figure 37 Information required for special permit (example of RAJUK) Along with the above information, the following documents are also required • Purchase ownership deed • Relevant deed and permission if the plot have been government allotted • Receipt of payment of the required fee • FAR calculation • Documents and drawings as per requirement • Land use Clearance, if required Similar to non-special projects, the report is scrutinized by Town Planner, after which permission is granted with a validity of 24 months during which the plan has to be submitted to RAJUK. If the building to be constructed is more than 10 storied or above 33 meters in height, then for RAJUK plan approval, Departmental Clearance from following 10 authorities are required by applying in plain paper with location details and related drawings. • Department of power division (DPDC) for electrical load requirement • Water and sewage authority WASA for water consumption requirement • Titas gas & Transmission authority for gas requirement • Fire service for fire safety drawing clearance • Civil aviation for building height permission • Department of environment • Dhaka traffic control authority (BTCA) • Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) • DCC Ward Commissioner • Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) 3. Building Permit (RAJUK Plan Approval) After receiving Land Use Clearance (if applicable) and all the other Departmental Clearances (for special project), another application (form 301) of RAJUK has to be submitted to concerned officer/ committee of RAJUK for approval along with the required fee. The application requires the following data: • Name of applicant with present address • Type of use of the proposed building • Details of proposed land with an area 88 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report • Details of the type of use with area • Measurements of plot in all four sides with the location of North, South, East, West in meters • The total floor area of the proposed project • Number of apartments per floor for residential properties • Number of floors above the plinth • Basement covered with the percentage of land area • The floor area of different types of use • Width of adjacent roads in the front, rear, left and right side • Details of the existing structure if present • Set back length in meter on the front, rear, left and right side. The required documents are: • Purchase/Gift/Exchange Deed of land • Allotment Deed, if allotted by Government • Receipt of payment of a required fee • FAR calculation • Documents and drawings as per requirement • Land Town Planning clearance • Special project clearance, if required • Indemnity Bond, if required • Soil test report, if required • Required plan, elevation, section • No objection certificate from other departments, if required. After relevant data along with documents have been submitted, concerned inspector carries out site inspection and provides a detailed report to the concerned authority. The concerned officer then presents the documents to the “Building Construction” committee with recommendations required for plan approval. After satisfactory fulfilment of all the requirements, the committee members of RAJUK approves the drawing with detail number and reference and delivers the approval to the Developer Company or applicant. 4. Occupancy Certificate (After completion of construction) To acquire Occupancy Certificate, need to apply (Application Form 401) along with the following documents: 1. Building Completion Report 2. As-built Architectural Drawings 3. Structural Design 4. Building Services After the application submission, the Authority will visit and Inspect the site within 15 days and Issue the certificate. This occupancy certificate is valid for 5 years. This certificate needs to be renewed every 5 years. 89 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report Annexure 4: Review of energy efficiency related regulations and linkage with BEEER Review of regulations related to energy efficiency was undertaken during this study to identify linkage with BEEER. The results of the review are provided in table below: Table 18 Linkage of BEEER with energy efficiency regulations Policy/regulation Scope Linkage with BEEER The BNBC document includes following aspects of building sector: In draft BEEER document, some of the • Administration and enforcement of building credits are linked with BNBC. These sector credits are linked with following aspects: • General building requirements, control, and • Building envelope regulation (Energy Efficiency and Bangladesh sustainability) • Site sustainability (Vegetation, National Building rainwater harvesting, unpaved area) • Fire protection Code (BNBC) • Energy efficient building systems • Building material 2020 (lighting, fans, HVAC, lift, renewable • Structural design energy) • Construction practices and safety • Internal water management (reuse if • Building services and appliances grey water, water conservation, water • Alteration, addition and change in existing pumping) building • Sign and outdoor display The energy efficiency and conservation rules (2016) provide details about role and responsibilities of SREDA and other relevant stakeholders for implementation of energy efficiency initiatives related to: • Taking assistance of the authority, management etc. for execution of energy efficiency in Bangladesh • Standardization and Labelling of Equipment and Appliances (minimum energy Benchmarks and minimum efficiency performance standards) requirement mentioned in these rules may • Energy Conservation in Government have linkage with building sector. Details Operations rules or regulations, which are expected to Energy Efficiency • Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy be extension of energy efficiency rules, is and Conservation Development, Information Management and under preparation. However, once in Rules, 2016 Financial Issues place, benchmarks such energy performance index (EPI, energy use per • Document also provides schedules related to: square meter per year) may have linkage o List of Equipment and Appliances with BEEER. Applicable to Energy Efficiency Labelling Obligations o Criteria for designating large energy consumers by category o Benchmarks and minimum efficiency requirements o Annual Energy reporting format and contents of required to be submitted by designated large energy consuming establishments. This regulation is in draft stage and as of now only broad rules are defined and Purpose of the Energy Efficiency Labelling detailed terms and conditions are under Energy Efficiency Regulations, 2021 is to Implement energy preparation. Once detailed schedule for Labelling efficiency labelling on the basis of Minimum various appliances is available with Regulations, 2021 Energy Performance Standard for a specific energy efficiency standards, credits linked performance of machinery and equipment in with such appliance may be updated to energy efficiency development. reflect the requirement of labeling regulation. 90 Implementation support for Building Energy Efficiency and Environment Rating (BEEER) System (Activity 1): Final Report 91