HA GIANG PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT FOR AGRICULTURAL WORKS INVESTMENT AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN HA GIANG PROVINCE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) Additional subproject: Ha Giang Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8) 05 additional reservoirs: Tat Lang, Pu Tien, Na Luong, Kim Tien, Khu Vang Ha Giang, June 2022 i HA GIANG PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT FOR AGRICULTURAL WORKS INVESTMENT AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN HA GIANG PROVINCE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) Additional subproject: Ha Giang Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8) 05 additional reservoirs: Tat Lang, Pu Tien, Na Luong, Kim Tien, Khu Vang PROJECT OWNER CONSULTANT Ha Giang Agriculture and Joint Venture of Southeast Asian Investment, Rural Development Development Environment and Technology Limited Investment and Construction Company & Environmental Resources Investment Project Management Unit and Development Joint Stock Company Ha Giang, June 2022 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................ix Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 9 1.1. Background of the project .............................................................................................. 9 1.2. General information of the subproject .......................................................................... 11 1.3. Objectives and Environmental Assessment Method .................................................... 11 1.4. Objectives and Social Assessment Methods ................................................................ 13 1.5. The subproject investor and investment capital ........................................................... 13 1.6. ESIA Consultant ........................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2: SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................17 2.1. Objectives of the subproject ......................................................................................... 17 2.2. Overview of the subproject .......................................................................................... 17 2.3. Conditions of the reservoirs and construction solutions ............................................... 20 2.4. Mobilization of Materials, Machinery and Workers .................................................... 36 2.4.1. Natural resources and materials for the subproject .............................................. 36 2.4.2. Construction machinery and equipment ................................................................ 37 2.4.3. Manpower needs .................................................................................................... 38 2.5. Auxiliary works ............................................................................................................ 38 2.5.1. Electricity and water supply .................................................................................. 38 2.5.2. Housing demand and on-site camps ...................................................................... 38 2.5.3. Disposal sites and soil mines ................................................................................. 38 2.5.4. Transportation roads used for construction .......................................................... 40 2.6. Planned activities before construction .......................................................................... 41 2.7. Material transportation planning .................................................................................. 41 2.8. Operation and maintenance services ............................................................................ 41 2.9. Dam safety plan ............................................................................................................ 42 2.10. Subproject implementation progress .......................................................................... 43 CHAPTER 3: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .....................44 3.1.Vietnamese legal documents ......................................................................................... 44 3.2. Safeguard policy of the WB ......................................................................................... 47 3.2.1. Project level ........................................................................................................... 47 3.2.2. Subproject level ..................................................................................................... 48 iii CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE SUBPROJECT AREA ......................................................................................................................................55 4.1. Environmental conditions ............................................................................................. 55 4.1.1. Geological and geographical conditions .............................................................. 55 Comments on geological topographic conditions ........................................................... 55 4.1.2. Climate and meteorology....................................................................................... 56 4.1.3. Hydrological conditions ........................................................................................ 60 4.1.4. Soil, water and air quality conditions ................................................................... 64 4.2. Socio-economic conditions........................................................................................... 69 4.2.1. Economic conditions ............................................................................................. 69 4.2.2. Social conditions ................................................................................................... 73 4.3. Sensitive works ............................................................................................................. 77 CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ....................80 5.1. Types and scale of impacts ........................................................................................... 80 5.2. Potentially positive impacts of the subproject (additional 05 reservoirs) .................... 81 5.3. Potentially negative impacts from the subproject (additional 05 reservoirs) ............... 82 5.3.1. Impacts during the preparation phase .................................................................. 82 5.3.2. Impacts during the construction phase.................................................................. 86 5.3.3. Site-specific impacts during the construction phase ........................................... 106 5.3.4. Impacts during the operation phase .................................................................... 110 5.4. Assessment of other impacts ...................................................................................... 112 5.4.1. Cumulative impacts ............................................................................................. 112 5.4.2. Direct impacts ..................................................................................................... 112 5.4.3. Indirect impacts ................................................................................................... 112 5.4.4. Short-term impacts .............................................................................................. 113 5.4.5. Long-term impacts ............................................................................................... 113 CHAPTER 6: ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ........................................................................114 6.1. Without subproject (with 05 additional reservoirs) .................................................... 114 6.2. Alternatives for the subproject implementation ......................................................... 115 6.2.1. Construction of works under the normal water level .......................................... 116 6.2.2. Alternatives auxiliary works (material mines and disposal sites) ....................... 117 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................120 7.1. Objectives ................................................................................................................... 120 7.2. Mitigation measures ................................................................................................... 120 7.2.1. Mitigation measures in the preparation phase .................................................... 120 7.2.2. Mitigation measures during the construction phase ........................................... 123 iv 7.2.3. Mitigation measures during the operation phase ................................................ 154 7.3. Implementation Organization ..................................................................................... 160 7.3.1. Project management ............................................................................................ 160 7.3.2. Roles and responsibilities of environmental and safety management ................. 161 7.4. Environmental compliance framework ...................................................................... 164 7.4.1. Environmental responsibility of contractor......................................................... 164 7.4.2. Environmental, social and safety officers of contactor ....................................... 165 7.4.3. Environmental and social monitoring during construction .................................... 165 7.4.4. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements.......................................... 166 1. Reporting ................................................................................................................... 166 2. Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................. 167 7.5. ESIA implementation plan ......................................................................................... 169 7.5.1. ESMP implementation plan of the Contractor .................................................... 169 7.5.2. Launching the subproject and personnel ............................................................ 170 7.6. Capacity building and training............................................................................... 170 7.7. Environmental monitoring plan .................................................................................. 171 7.7.1. Monitoring compliance with mitigation measures .............................................. 171 7.7.2. Monitoring of ambient quality ............................................................................. 172 7.7.3. Dam safety monitoring ........................................................................................ 175 7.8. Estimated cost ............................................................................................................. 175 CHAPTER 8: COMMUNITY CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE184 8.1. Summary of public consultation ................................................................................. 184 8.1.1. Summary of public consultation with CPCs and affected households ................ 186 8.1.2. Summary of public consultations with affected households ................................ 188 8.2. Results of the public consultations ............................................................................. 188 8.2.2. Feedback from representatives of directly affected communities ....................... 191 8.2.3. Responses and commitments from the subproject owner regarding recommendations, suggestions, requests from consulted agencies, organizations and communities ................................................................................................................... 191 8.3. Information disclosure ................................................................................................ 192 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................194 1. Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 194 2. Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 194 References .............................................................................................................................. 195 v ABBREVIATIONS CPMU Central Project Management Unit CPO Central Project Office (MARD) DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DCM Department of Construction Management DoNRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DRSIP/WB8 Dam rehabilitation and safety improvement project DWR Directorate of Water resources DWRM Department of Water Resources Management - MoNRE ECOP Environmental Codes of Practice EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan GoV Government of Vietnam IDA International Development Association ISC Independent Supervision Consultant MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MOF Ministry of Finance MoNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment ODA Official Development Assistance PPC Provincial People's Committees PPMU Provincial Project Management Unit QCVN National Technical Regulation RAP Resettlement Action Plan VAWR Vietnam Academy for Water Resources WB World Bank vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1. 1: Total investment capital of 05 reservoirs ............................................................... 14 Table 1. 2: Table of assignment of ESIA report ....................................................................... 14 Table 2. 1: List and locations of the 05 additional reservoirs................................................... 17 Table 2. 2: Location of 05 additional reservoirs of the subproject ........................................... 17 Table 2. 3: Current conditions and proposed construction solutions for the five (05) reservoirs .................................................................................................................................................. 20 Table 2. 4: Demand for materials and fuels for the subproject construction........................... 36 Table 2. 5: Demand for fuel...................................................................................................... 36 Table 2. 6: Material transport routes ........................................................................................ 36 Table 2. 7: List of construction machinery and equipment of the 05 reservoirs ...................... 37 Table 2. 8: Number of workers for the five reservoirs ............................................................ 38 Table 2. 9: List of the disposal sites and soil mines ................................................................. 39 Table 2. 10: Transportation routes used for construction ......................................................... 40 Table 2. 11: Overall construction schedule for upgrading and repairing 05 reservoirs ........... 43 Table 3. 1: A summary of the WB and GoV regulations on environmental assessment ......... 50 Table 4. 1: Rainfall by months monitored at Vinh Tuy hydrological station ........................... 56 Table 4. 2: Rainfall characteristics .......................................................................................... 56 Table 4. 3: Evaporation by months in the subproject area ....................................................... 57 Table 4. 4: Wind speeds by months in the subproject area ...................................................... 57 Table 4. 5: Calculated wind speeds in main directions ............................................................ 58 Table 4. 6: Average, maximum and minimum temperature by months ................................... 58 Table 4. 7: Relative humidity by months in the subproject area .............................................. 58 Table 4. 8: Monthly sunshine hours in the subproject area ...................................................... 59 Table 4. 9: List of hydrological stations in Ha Giang Province ............................................... 60 Table 4. 10: Average annual discharge at dams ....................................................................... 60 Table 4. 11: Statistical characteristics of the designed flow rate.............................................. 61 Table 4. 12: Distribution of designed flow rate (P=75%) ....................................................... 61 Table 4. 13: Qmax 10% per month in dry season at the dam site (m3/s) ................................. 62 Table 4. 14: Required amount of water input at each reservoir ............................................... 62 Table 4. 15: Flow characteristics by stations............................................................................ 63 Table 4. 16: Coordinates of the air and noise monitoring locations ......................................... 64 Table 4. 17: Air quality monitoring results .............................................................................. 65 Table 4. 18: List of surface water monitoring locations in the subproject area ....................... 65 Table 4. 19: Surface water quality monitoring results.............................................................. 66 Table 4. 20: Table of positions, coordinates of monitoring samples for groundwater quality . 66 vii Table 4. 21: Groundwater water quality monitoring results .................................................... 67 Table 4. 22: Soil monitoring locations in the subproject area .................................................. 68 Table 4. 23: Soil quality monitoring results ............................................................................. 68 Table 4. 24: Agricultural land use of the commune in the subproject area .............................. 70 Table 4. 25: Cultivation areas of main crops ............................................................................ 71 Table 4. 26: Number of livestock and poultry .......................................................................... 72 Table 4. 27: Forest areas in the subproject communes ............................................................. 72 Table 4. 28: Aquaculture area by the project communes ........................................................ 73 Table 4. 29: Numbers of schools in the subproject communes ................................................ 76 Table 4. 30: Current status of the sensitive works under the subprojects ................................ 78 Table 5. 1: Criteria for classification of negative impacts ........................................................ 80 Table 5. 2: Permanently and temporarily acquired lands by reservoirs .................................. 82 Table 5. 3: Volume of solid waste generated during the clearance period ............................... 84 Table 5. 4: Summary of materials used for construction .......................................................... 87 Table 5. 5: Estimated dust generated from excavation ............................................................. 89 Table 5. 6: The coefficients a, b, c, d in the formula 5.5 .......................................................... 90 Table 5. 7: Concentration of dust dispersed in the air due to excavation and backfilling activities .................................................................................................................................................. 90 Table 5. 8: Load of dust and emission from construction equipment ...................................... 92 Table 5. 9: Diffusion concentration of dust in the air due to construction equipment ............. 92 Table 5. 10: Summary quantity of construction material and transportation distance ............. 93 Table 5. 11: Emission factor of typical mobile waste sources ................................................. 94 Table 5. 12: Pollutant emissions of large trucks per 1000 km transportation distance or 1 ton of fuel consumed ........................................................................................................................... 95 Table 5. 13: Load of emissions from means of transport ......................................................... 95 Table 5. 14: Air pollutant concentration from transportation vehicles.................................... 96 Table 5. 15: Volume of excavated soil and excess soil by works ............................................ 97 Table 5. 16: Concentrations of pollutants in construction wastewater ................................... 100 Table 5. 17: Maximum noise level of equipment and machinery ......................................... 102 Table 5. 18: Vibration from some construction equipment .................................................... 102 Table 5. 19: Vibration levels allowed at work........................................................................ 103 Table 5. 20: Potential impacts on sensitive receptors in the construction phase ................... 106 Table 5. 21: Impacts from dam breakdown in the operation phase ........................................ 111 Table 6. 1: Impacts from dam safety incidents by reservoirs (without subproject) .............. 115 Table 6. 2: List of the chosen soil mines, disposal sites and routes for materials and waste transportation .......................................................................................................................... 118 Table 7. 1: Costs for implementation of Resettlement Action Plan ....................................... 120 viii Table 7. 2: Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ECOP) during the construction phase ................................................................................................................................................ 124 Table 7. 3: Mitigation measures for site-specific impacts ..................................................... 147 Table 7. 4: General mitigation measures during the operation phase ................................... 155 Table 7. 5: Roles and responsibilities of key parties .............................................................. 161 Table 7. 6: Request for Reporting ......................................................................................... 166 Table 7. 7: Environmental monitoring plan during construction and operation phase ......... 173 Table 7. 8: Estimated cost for environment monitoring ......................................................... 175 Table 7. 9: Capital source for monitoring the ESMP ............................................................. 175 Table 7. 10: Summary of mitigation measures ....................................................................... 176 Table 7. 11: Summary of specific mitigation measures for each reservoir during construction phase ....................................................................................................................................... 180 Table 8. 1: Contents covered in the public consultation in the subproject districts .............. 185 Table 8. 2: Summary of the public consultations ................................................................... 187 Table 8. 3:Views and feedback from the local authorities and organizations ........................ 189 Table 8. 4: Summary of information disclosure process ....................................................... 193 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. 1: Location of 5 additional reservoirs ....................................................................... 19 Figure 7. 1: The structural organization of the project implementation ................................. 160 Figure 7. 2: Organizational chart for ESMP implementation ................................................. 161 ix Executive Summary 1. Background of the subproject: The subproject “Ha Giang Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvementâ€? is one of the proposed subprojects under the WB's DRSIP Project (WB8). The objectives of the subproject are to rehabilitate and improve dam safety of 14 reservoirs in Ha Giang province, to ensure stability of works, protection of population and infrastructure, socio- economy in downstream areas: (i) rehabilitating and improving safety of 14 reservoirs in the Subproject; (ii) ensuring the safety and stability of headwork to protect the downstream population areas as well as their properties; (iii) complying with objectives of the National dam safety program. The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) was prepared for the subproject in compliance with the WB's Environmental Safeguard Policy (OP/BP4.01) and the Law on Environmental Protection of Vietnam (LEP-2014) and relevant provisions, legal frameworks. Total estimated cost of the Subproject is 344,448,120,000 VND. Based on the agreement between the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) and the WB (WB), the WB8 Ha Giang subproject will be supplemented with the investment in repairing and upgrading 05 additional reservoirs: Tat Lang, Pu Tien, Na Luong, Kim Tien, Khu Vang reservoirs. 2. 05 reservoirs have been added into the subproject including Tat Lang Reservoir in Vo Diem Commune, Pu Tien Vo Diem, Na Luong Reservoirs in Kim Ngoc, Kim Tien reservoir in Bang Hanh Commune, Bac Quang District, and Khu Vang Reservoir in Bach Ngoc Commune of Vi Xuyen District, Ha Giang Province. The characteristics of the five additional reservoirs are described in the following table: No. Reservoir Location Characteristics - Vo Diem - Built in the early 1980s; Commune, Bac - Irrigated area: 45 hectares of 2 crop rice land; Quang District; - Catchment area: 0.84 km2; Tat - There is no - Useful capacity of reservoir: 0.207 x 106 m3; 1 Lang sensitive area - Maximum dam height = 4 m. Dam length = 75.4m, around Tat Lang dam crest width = 3m. The earth dam has been reservoir area. degraded, the upstream stone roof has been cracked; The earth downstream roof has been eroded; - Vo Diem - Built before 2006; Commune, Bac - Irrigated area: 43 ha hectares of 2 crop rice land; Quang District; - Catchment area: 0.27km2; Pu 2 - There is no - Useful capacity of reservoir: 0.205 x 106 m3; Tien sensitive area - Maximum dam height = 7.4m. Dam length = 48.2 around Pu Tien m, dam crest width 4 m. The earth dam has reservoir area. deteriorated, many landslides cause unsafety; - Kim Ngoc - Built before 1998; Commune, Bac - Irrigated area: 35 hectares of 2 crop rice land; Quang District; - Catchment area: 1.09 km2; - There is no - Useful capacity of reservoir: 0.205 x 106 m3; sensitive area - Maximum dam height = 5 m. Dam length = 33 m; Na 3 around Na Luong dam width 1,5÷3.0. The earth dam has deteriorated, Luong reservoir area. the upstream roof is cracked, displaced, and the downstream roof is seeped and leaking. Free-flowing utilitarian spillway is concrete-encased stone structure. The spillway surface is peeled and damaged, the spill body is strongly infiltrated causing 1 No. Reservoir Location Characteristics flow into the downstream, the energy dissipation yard with stone structure is eroded, degraded and damaged. - Bang Hanh - Built before 1990; Commune, Bac - Irrigated area: 45 hectares of 2 crop rice land; Quang District; - Catchment area: 2.48 km2; - There is 1 house Kim - Useful capacity of reservoir: 0.2 x 106 m3; 4 living near the Tien - Dam length = 681.7 m, maximum dam height 5.28 m, reservoir (>70m dam crest width 3.0 - 4.2 m. The dam has from the main deteriorated, the upstream roof has been seriously dam of the eroded reservoir) - Bach Ngoc Commune, Vi - Built before 1990; Xuyen District; - Irrigated area: 40 hectares of 2 crop rice land; - There is 1 house - Catchment area: 0.19 km2; living near the - Useful capacity of reservoir: 0.21 x 106 m3; Khu reservoir (>70m 5 - Maximum dam height = 7 m, Dam length = 120 m, Vang from the main dam crest width = 5 m. The dam surface is used as dam of the living road in combination, not yet reinforced, the reservoir), and upstream roof is seriously eroded, and the power line going downstream roof is waterlogged and slips. along the main dam There are 02/05 reservoirs (Na Luong, Khu Vang) which water seepage occurs through the downstream of the dam, making the flow, causing water loss and unsafe for the dam. 3. Current status of key works: 05 earth dams have been degraded, the upstream stone roof has been cracked; the downstream earth roof has landslide phenomenon. For 02 dams of Na Luong and Khu Vang reservoirs, the phenomenon of dams being strongly seepage into streams causing water loss and risk to dam safety; Elevation of the dam crest: the earth-filled spillway has a narrow opening and hence does ensure adequate flood discharge according to QCVN 04/05:2012/BNNPTNT and WB’s standards, so there is a high risk of overflowing over the dam crest. The culverts are damaged, the valve gate is flat, the valves are broken, the valve gate of the valve tower is broken. Auxiliary works: There are no management offices, access roads are earth roads with limited widths, causing difficulties in traveling. 4. Description of the main activities of the subproject: (i) Reinforce the dams; (ii) Repair Flood-discharge spillways; (iii) Newly build culverts; and (iv) Seepage treatment for the dams, (v) Construct the access roads for work management; and vi) Construct new management office. 5. Preparation of the environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA): The subproject is designed and implemented in accordance with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) of DRSIP which was approved by the WB. At the same time, the implementation of the subproject is in compliance with the current Vietnamese law and regulations. The purpose of the ESIA report is to determine the importance of environmental and social issues for the decision-making process by clearly assessing the environmental and social impacts of the proposed subproject before implementing subproject activities. Early identification and characterization of important environmental and social impacts those are important for the communities and government to assess the potential environmental and social 2 impacts of the subproject; propose mitigation measures to reduce and minimize such impacts. Activities during the preparation, construction and operation of subprojects have been analyzed and assessed and proper mitigation measures are proposed to prevent and minimize impacts on the environment and wellbeing of local residents. The screening results showed that all 05 reservoirs met the subproject's standards and the subproject is classified as Category B; The subproject has triggered 05 safeguard policies, including: OP/BP 4.01 (Environmental assessment), OP/BP 4.37 (Safety of Dams), OP/BP 4.10 (Indigenous Peoples), OP/BP 4.12 (Involuntary resettlement) and OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources. 6. Potential Environmental and Social Impacts: Positive impacts: The Subproject will bring long-term significant benefits to the local communities, particularly ensures stable water supply for irrigation of the cultivation areas. Dam and reservoir safety will be improved as a result of dam and spillway rehabilitation. As such, the safety of the downstream population will be ensured, not be flooded and minimize the risk of unsafe dam, stabilize the aquifer in the area around the project. Dam management will become easier as the access roads will be upgraded. Negative impacts: Pre-construction phase: negative impacts mainly arise due to land acquisition, geological survey and waste from the clearance process, and risks from UXO left from the war. The total area of permanently-acquired land is 615 m2 of 7 affected households including: affected agricultural land of annual crops, mainly rice (471 m2 of 05 households), affected forest land (55 m2 of 01 households); affected garden land (89 m2 of 01 household). The total area of temporarily-acquired land is 14,750 m2 managed by the People's Committees of communes, along the operation route and near the works (currently vacant land, covered with wild weeds with no economic value). There are no households affected by temporary land acquisition. Impacts from geological survey drilling: The subproject conducted drilling for the geological survey along the dam and the overflow route with 5 boreholes per reservoir. The depth of the drilling hole is 4~6 m. The stratigraphy of the dam foundation is quite good, with high load- bearing capacity. The anti-slip strength of the main layers: layer 2a is under the dam body; layer 3 is mainly distributed along the shoulder area; layer 4: strongly weathered bedrock, distributed shallowly throughout the dam route to ensure stability for the subproject. The drilling of the geological survey may affect groundwater quality in the subproject areas and such impact has been assessed at a low level. Solid waste is generated from cutting plant, remove vegetation cover, demolishing old buildings during site clearance. If this waste is not collected and treated properly, it may cause negative impact on the water and soil environment. Solid waste spilled into the reservoir bed causes sedimentation of the reservoir bed, affecting the life of aquatic species in the reservoir; spilled into flood discharge intake and stream in the area causing sedimentation, narrowing of canals and streams, affecting water drainage and quality of irrigation water for agriculture. In addition, the above-mentioned solid wastes may be scattered along the transportation route to the disposal site, affecting traffic safety of road users. Besides, it may also affects landscape of the surrounding environment. Domestic solid waste will be generated from the gathering of workers in construction sites if not collected and treated properly, discharged into the environment are likely to spread into reservoir beds, streams, and drainage channels around the construction area, polluting water sources, affecting irrigation water for agriculture. If the organic waste is stored on the construction site for a long time, it will decompose to form stench, bacteria and harmful organisms that develop, directly affecting the health of workers on the construction site and landscape of the surrounding area. Dust is mainly generated from removing vegetation and top soil layer, waste transportation to the disposal sites, and excavation. The subproject areas may contain landmines left over from the 3 war. The subproject will carry out bomb and mine clearance in the pre-construction phase due to its lethal risks. Construction phase: General impacts due to construction activities are primarily caused by the generation of dust, noise, vibration, waste and waste water, increased traffic density, influx of labors, incidents and accidents which may affect the health of local population and environment. Site-specific impacts: increasing temporary sedimentation in rainy days due to rock and earth transport. Dust and noise affects people and workers in the construction sites and along the transportation route; Waterproofing grouting activities (The top of grouting starts from the same level as the normal water level, the grouting depth is h=9.5 m) causing noise, vibration, and dust pollution that directly affects workers. On the construction site, waterproofing substances such as clay, cement, mortar... can penetrate into the water in the reservoirs and cause water pollution (This impact only occurs in the construction area of Na Luong and Khu Vang reservoirs due to waterproofing grouting activities only implemented in these 2 reservoirs); Disruption to water supply for irrigation during the construction phase, affecting agricultural production and for domestic water consumption in the residential areas; Damages to the existing roads may be associated with the operation of heavy-duty trucks for materials transportation; Construction activities can affect the health and safety of local people living near the dam and the construction sites. Domestic and hazardous wastes: The maximum number of workers on site is 45 people for one reservoir; there are about 16 equipment and machinery used in the construction site of one reservoir. The total volume of domestic wastes (including wastewater and solid waste) is negligible. Emissions from the operation of machinery is negligible. In addition to environmental issues, the construction can cause an increased local traffic density due to the operation of trucks used for material and waste transportation; the potential risks from such activity include traffic accidents and injuries to local people. There are also risks of transmitting infectious diseases into the communities to affect the health of both workers and local people; Other social impacts include i) spreading infectious diseases from workers to local communities and vice versa; ii) prostitution, drugs and gambling; iii) potential conflicts between workers and local communities because of cultural and behavioral differences; iv) Gender-based violence causes physical and psychological losses for women, including threats and coercion (mental, physical, sexual violence...); v) Use of child labor during construction and vi) conflicts on sharing local services and infrastructure such as electricity and water supply and transportation systems and the consequences of lacking electricity and water supply and traffic congestion in the local areas; .(vii) Risk of outbreak Covid-19 disease (due to the concentration of construction workers (45 people/site) possibly from other provinces; workers have not been vaccinated against Covid-19 disease; workers do not comply with the rules of epidemic prevention…). Due to the water demand for the downstream agricultural cultivation and domestic activities, the investor will require contractor to apply appropriate construction solutions so as not to affect the flow and quality of the supply water. As such, there are no temporary impacts on water quality and quantity during the repairing and upgrading of the dam. Water supply for irrigation of the agricultural production areas of the subproject communes is guaranteed during the construction phase of 05 additional reservoirs (6-12 months). The nearest residential house is more than 50 m from the construction area, there are no sensitive objects around the construction area. Operation phase: domestic waste is mainly generated from local people who work on the agricultural fields nearby and from waste discharge of the reservoir operators. The repairing and maintenance activities of the dam can cause a temporary water cutting off, probably leading to a direct impact on the agricultural production and domestic activities in the downstream areas, and indirect impacts such as income reduction due to a loss of cultivation, environmental pollution and disease outbreaks. However, the significance of such impact is not high, because the repairing and maintenance activities are only temporary. Emergency flood discharge can 4 affect downstream communities without prior notice, in terms of flooding or damages to property and crops or threats to the health of the local people. This could lead to consequences of environmental pollution and disease outbreaks and loss of local income. Risk of drowning for local people, especially children. Long-term impacts: The permanent loss of productive land will have a long-term impact on the affected people. Households who have part of their agricultural land acquired for the subproject will have to seek for other livelihoods or jobs. Environmental incidents such as spills of oil or hazardous chemicals if occur, they will have long-term effects on the environment and human health because these chemicals have a long semi-decomposition period; and they can penetrate soil to contaminate groundwater and enters the food chain. If occupational accidents occur, they will leave long-term effects on the health of workers. However, the permanently affected land area is not high compared to the area owned by households in the subproject area (615 m2 of 7 households in 4 communes are permanently affected); environmental management and mitigation measures implemented by the contractor will ensure to limit and prevent environmental incidents as well as occupational accident risks. Therefore, this long-term impact is assessed as moderate and reversible. 7. Mitigation measures. To address such negative impacts, the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared as part of the ESIA, including proposals to implement impacts mitigation, management and monitoring the implementation, requirements for reporting, capacity building, ensuring budget for the implementation. A separate Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) / Compensation Plan have been also prepared to address land acquisition impacts. The following are measures to be taken: Preparation phase: â–ª Implementation of RAP. â–ª Focusing on environmental mitigation measures in the technical design phase. â–ª Consulting with local people on the timeline of repairing and upgrading the dams to minimize environmental and social impacts throughout the subproject lifecycle, including Preparation, Construction, and Operation phases. â–ª Including mitigation measures in the construction bidding documents and construction contracts. Construction phase: â–ª Request the contractor to strictly and fully implement the mitigation measures mentioned in the Environmental and Social Management Plan. â–ª Carry out monitoring as required in the Environmental and Social Management Plan. Operation phase: â–ª The works will be repaired and upgraded including: applying waterproofing layer to the dam body, fixing the leaks and seepages of the damaged works to improve water storage capacity, and repairing the culverts to ensure water regulation ability. As such, it is possible to restore agricultural cultivation areas where reservoirs could not provide water before. Overall, it is necessary to introduce and promote irrigation services in the areas. â–ª The reservoirs management and exploitation unit (CPCs of Vo Diem, Bang Hanh, Kim Ngoc, Bach Ngoc) regularly monitors to ensure that damages to works will be repaired and restored in a timely manner. Reservoir management unit regularly inspects the dam safety, patrol the reservoir areas to timely prevent drowning accidents; closely follow weather forecasts and provide warning to local authorities and people if there are any extreme weather hazards; The emergency flood discharge plan will be notified in 5 advance to local authorities and people in the downstream area to have a response plan (to bring people to a safe place, identify specific damages with adequate compensation solutions, etc.); Regularly clean the reservoir areas. As for reservoirs with tourism business, trash bins shall be arranged in the reservoir areas to collect trash from tourists, visitors and local people. The management unit also shall contract with an environmental agency on daily waste collection on site. 8. Implementation organization. At the project level, the CPMU recruits, hires and coordinates independent monitoring consultant, and project implementation consultant to carry out independent monitoring on compliance with safeguard policies, and provides regular support to the subproject activities. This unit will assess the compliance of the safeguard policies approved by the WB during the construction phase, including ESMP, Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) / RAP, Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP), and Gender Action Plan (GAP). For the subproject, PPMU is responsible for implementing and monitoring the implementation of the ESMP, ensuring the bidding documents and construction contracts fully integrated with environmental agreements on the compliance of the contractor. The contractor shall comply with the environmental agreements included in the contract. The contractor's environmental and social management plan (CESMP) is reviewed and approved by the PPMU and it will be sent to relevant units and disclosed to the local communities before the construction phase starts. The PPMU and the consultant will monitor the contractor’s compliance with the agreed mitigation measures. In addition, the contractor's compliance with the agreed mitigation measures will be closely monitored by Ha Giang DONRE, local authorities and local people. Monitoring and reporting mechanism: PPMU shall conduct internal monitoring and report quarterly to the CPMU. The CPMU shall carry out the independent monitoring once every 6 months. Detailed monitoring plans will be prepared in the detailed design phase. 9. Capacity building. During the implementation process, the PPMU received support from the CPMU on capacity building for implementation of the WB’s environmental and social safeguard policies. The PPMU staff has been trained by the CPMU in collaboration with experts from the WB, on the environmental and social safeguard policies applied to the subproject, including OP/BP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment), General Guidelines Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) of IFC, OP/BP 4.04 (Natural Habitats), OP/BP 4.10 (Indigenous Peoples) and OP/BP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement). During the implementation of the subproject, the training on environmental safeguard policies for Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and contractor's EHS staff will be regularly carried out to keep them updated with requirement on compliance with the Bank's safeguard policies. During the implementation process, the PPMU regularly received support from the CPMU's independent consultants and technical consultants on safeguard policies on the dam safety risk management and monitoring the implementation of the ESMP. Safeguard policy officers of PPMU attended training 2 times in 2019 and 2020 organized by the CPMU. Recently, on July 15th, 2021, PPMU received an online training organized by the CPMU. Cost Estimates for the implementation of the ESMP: Estimated costs for the implementation of the ESMP covers cost for ESMP monitoring, implementing of the mitigation measures and capacity building. The cost of implementing mitigation measures is included in the construction cost. The subproject owner has sufficient capacity to carry out the subproject management and construction supervision by themselves, so activities and costs for ESMP monitoring and capacity building are integrated and included in the subproject management costs and construction supervision costs. The cost of environmental monitoring during the construction process is estimated at VND 260,540,000.. 6 10. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). Complaints about the subproject will be resolved through negotiations to reach a consensus. A complaint will go through three levels (People's Committees at commune, district and provincial levels) before it is transferred to the court in accordance with the Law on Complaints 2011. The PPMU will pay all administrative and legal fees relating to the acceptance of the complaint because this cost is included in the subproject budget. 11. Public consultation. The public consultation is conducted in different methods and techniques including a) community meetings, b) household survey, c) Focused group discussions, site monitoring and key informant interviews. The purpose of using these methods and techniques is to enhance the reliability and effectiveness of feedback from stakeholders, particularly subproject affected people (PAPs) and to ensure that (i) PAPs are fully informed about the subproject; and (ii) all PAPs are engaged in public consultation, received notice about the consultation and provided with complete information about the subproject during the preparation and implementation process. Face-to-face consultation meetings with local authorities (3 - 4 people) and direct interviews (households around the project area) were conducted from 7/2021 to 10/2021. As of July 2021, the draft ESIA was sent to the local authorities in the subproject area. The number of consulted people is 80 in 04 communes in the subproject area, the public consultations are summarized as follows: people in the subproject communes showed their support to the implementation of the subproject in the areas and wanted to get help for some items. For them, the repairing and upgrading of the reservoirs and dam safety are necessary for the economic development in the districts in general and in the subproject communes in particular. During the implementation of the subproject, there will be potential impacts on local people; however, such impacts are not significant. The public consultation meetings have been carried out in the context of the complicated situation of the Covid-19 pandemic. Implementation of environmental and social impact assessment must ensure compliance with epidemic prevention measures as prescribed by the government and local authorities. Especially in case of ensuring the implementation of social distancing, it is impossible to organize face-to-face community consultations with a large number of people, so the methods of focus group discussions/community meetings with number of participants larger than 10 people were not suitable to perform. The consultation with the community in the project area is carried out by the Investor through coordination with local government agencies to organize discussion sessions in small groups (3 - 4 people), and face- to-face, individual interviews with affected subjects to disseminate information about the project (project work items, environmental and social impacts, mitigation measures, commitments on environmental protection during Project implementation) and synthesize the opinions of people in the area. Consultation meetings will be conducted regularly during the construction process in order to promptly resolve issues related to social and environmental impact assessment. 12. Information disclosure. The subproject complies with the WB’s OP 4.01 and policy on access to information. At the subproject preparation stage, the information of the subproject including introduction on the subproject objectives, scale and invested items of the subproject, environmental and social impacts, mitigation measures, commitments on environmental protection during subProject implementation was disseminated through mass media to the local communities and authorities. The PPMU informed about the subproject and consulted with the local communities in July 2021 through coordination with local government agencies to organize discussion sessions in small groups (3 - 4 people), and face-to-face, individual interviews with affected subjects and sent consultation information to local authorities. The draft ESIA was sent to Commune People's Committees for information disclosure and consultation in October 2021. The final version of the ESIA is expected to be dsiclosed in March 7 2022 on the project’s website in Vietnamese and on the WB’s website in English prior to the appraisal of the subproject. 13. Conclusions. The subproject "Dam rehabilitation and safety improvement", with 05 additional reservoirs in Ha Giang is likely to cause negative risks and impacts in construction stage. However, due to medium-scaled scope of the construction items, short construction time (6 months of construction time/1 reservoir), construction scope (around construction area and material transportation route) is localized to small area so the impacts are insignificant. The subproject has prepared an Environmental and Social Management Plan with mitigation measures considered feasible and suitable with the environmental, socio-economic conditions and conditions for subproject management and construction in the subproject areas. The ESMP are also prepared to manage and monitor negative impacts, helping managers and local authorities to regularly update the implementation process of the subproject. The monitoring system requires supervision consultants to regularly supervise, prepare and submit monthly reports to the PPMU. On this basis, the PPMU will report the compliance of the safeguard policies to the CPMU and the WB. 8 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the project Vietnam has one of the largest irrigation and culverts networks in the world besides China and the United States. This network consists of more than 7,000 dams of various sizes and types. More than 750 dams can be classified as large dams (dams height is over 15 m or between 5 m to 15 m with capacity is over 3 million m3) and small dams (height <15 m and capacity is less than 3 million m3). It is estimated that more than 6,000 dams are Earth-fill dams. Of the 4 million hectares of agricultural land, more than 3 million hectares were irrigated through 6,648 dams. The development of such infrastructure poses some challenges. Many small- and medium-sized reservoirs were built between the 1960s and 1980s with the limitations of technical, design and construction survey. These factors coupled with operational and maintenance constraints make many dams degraded and the level of safety of dams is lower than that of international safety standards. This brings significant risks to the safety of people and economic security. The degradation of these dams, coupled with the increased risk and loss of biodiversity due to climate change as well as rapid upstream development, have led to many reservoirs in risky conditions. Risks may arise from an imbalance of the profile, such as too thin to stabilize, subsidence of the main structure, permeability of the main dam and / or dam and surrounding structures water, deformation of upstream / downstream, overflow, and failure to effectively promote safety monitoring equipment. Failure to achieve operational safety of the existing network and capacity site for further development is likely to undermine the Vietnamese economy. Recognizing the importance of ensuring the foundation for maintaining and securing economic growth, the government launched a program of dam safety in 2003. The WB funded project will support the Government of Vietnam’s Dam Safety Program This project will be implemented by supporting both the structural safety of dam and reservoirs themselves, together with operational safety requirements to protect vulnerable people and socio-economic infrastructure in downstream. This is in line with the definition of the Government on the safety of dams in Decree 114/2018/ND-CP. The project will also support the Government to ensure a more comprehensive integrated river basin development plan to enhance institutional coordination, future development and operational safety. Selection of improved dams in the project will be based on pre-agreed selection criteria to prioritize interventions that address the risks within the framework of poverty and inequality. Priority will be based on the probability and severity of the problem with human and socio- economic infrastructure, including structural, hydrological, downstream and downstream risk risks with economic benefits. These priority dams will be further classified according to their willingness to prioritize dams ready for redevelopment with detailed engineering design and rehabilitation with detailed design. Apply procedures for the selection of interventions developed by the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) and other organizations – such as the Portfolio Risk Assessment). Based on the lessons learned from the Vietnam Irrigation Project (VWRAP), this activity will provide clear criteria for future risk assessments, including (i) dam break probability (structural height and volume risk); (ii) the degree of impact of the dam incident to the downstream population; (iii) impact of flooding mitigation, (iv) context of poverty and impact, (v) areas of ethnic minorities; and (vi) readiness. The project is designed based on a framework approach to strengthen the Government’s system of dam safety with a flexible, transparent and favorable mechanism. The number of dams funded under the project is not fixed, but the original list of 450 dams was prioritized based on 9 risk assessment, using risk indicators developed during the project preparation process and expected cumulative cost within the available sources. The project will allow the Government to have more funding to expand the existing program that is expected to repair and upgrade 50 dams a year. While not evenly distributed among the 34 provinces, the renovation of the 450 dams over a six-year period means that there is an average of 75 dams per year, or about two dams per province per year during the implementation. The project offers the optimal combination of structural and non-structural measures designed to enhance the safety of dams. Work measures include repair works and upgrades the safety of existing dams and auxiliary works, including both instrumentation and associated safety planning tools. Repair works account for the majority of IDA funding (> 80%). Non-structure interventions have been proposed to support a range of institutional and legal measures, as well as pilot basin-level measures. These basin-level measures aim to improve data collection, inter- agency management and coordination of reservoir and dam management in basin management. The project will also help to improve institutional coordination as an integral part of these measures to enhance operational safety and regulatory environment support and tooling materials for guidance of development and management of irrigation infrastructure in the future. The project includes three main components below. Component 1: Dam safety rehabilitation About 450 dams with a capacity of over 0.2 million m3, designed to level IV to special level (reservoirs of Dau Tieng) will be prioritized for repair and rehabilitation. This component includes work measures, equipment and operational monitoring of reservoirs. These activities will assist in improving the safety of the facilities and downstream areas. Large dams will be supported by the Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP), Operation and Maintenance (O & M) plans will increase the sustainability of the investment. In addition, the component that supports the establishment of safety policies includes both Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) to minimize negative impacts during project implementation. Estimated cost of this component is USD $ 412 million. Component 2: Dam safety management and planning This component has a direct impact on the country, directly supporting the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The component will support the implementation of non-structural measures, improve the legal framework, improve the policy and establish sanctions to enhance implementation. Data management will effectively support management levels in the monitoring of reservoir operations (especially during flood season), and make timely decisions. The information sharing mechanism will assist in coordinating flood discharge in the basin, minimizing the risk of dam and flooding in the downstream, synchronizing and unifying information and cost savings. The component also supports regulations, standards and application of technology in the field of construction and materials …, it not only reduces the cost and time required for the project, but also provides the capacity for more than 700 dams in the national dam safety program. The component also supports the implementation of models for 1 to 2 river basins in combining safe management with disaster management through the implementation of institutional and policy regulations, hydro-meteorology, information monitoring system, information sharing mechanism between authorities and dam investors and coordination in reservoir operation in the basin. The component also includes a model for managing reservoirs with the participation of the community and the appropriate financial mechanism towards sustainability in investment. The component also supports monitoring and 10 technical assistance to project management agencies, project management agencies and safety experts at the request of the donor. The estimated cost is USD $ 20 million Component 3: Project management support Component of financial support for project management, auditing (independent audit and financial statement auditing), and technical assistance for project implementation. There are 4 provinces that have not participated in ODA projects, 13 provinces have been implementing the first time and 17 provinces (50%) have implemented ODA projects, so the component will spend a budget to strengthen Capacity of the project management agencies through training, workshops and visits. The estimated cost of this component is USD $ 11 million. 1.2. General information of the subproject Subproject Ha Giang dam rehabilitation and safety improvement is one of the subproject of Dam rehabilitation and safety improvement project financed by the WB in phase 2. The six- year DRSIP project aims to support the National Dam Safety Program. There are 14 reservoirs under Subproject “Ha Giang dam rehabilitation and safety improvementâ€? which will be built with from the WB loan and a part of the Vietnam Government’s counterpart fund. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment is part of the WB’s request for approval of project supports, including the subproject. Five (05) additional reservoirs will be repaired and upgraded to improve dam ’s safety, including: Tat Lang Reservoir in Vo Diem Commune, Pu Tien Vo Diem and Na Luong Reservoirs in Kim Ngoc Commune, Kim Tien in Bang Hanh Commune, Bac Quang District, and Khu Vang Reservoir in Bach Ngoc Commune, Vi Xuyen District in Ha Giang Province. The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment was prepared in accordance with the guidelines and requirements of the WB’s Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) and complied with provisions of the current Law on Environmental Protection of Vietnam (LEP). 1.3. Objectives and Environmental Assessment Method Objectives: The overall objective is to carry out the Environmental and Social Impact assessment (ESIA) of a specific subproject, including the preparation of necessary tools for improving dam safety to meet requirements of the GoV and the WB. The specific objectives of the ESIA include: (i) assess environmental and social impacts of the rehabilitation of key headworks of the 05 reservoirs (Tat Lang, Pu Tien, Na Luong, Kim Tien, Khu Vang reservoirs); (ii) Develop an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) including compliance monitoring and reporting mechanism; (iii) Create communication channels that allow local communities to participate in decision-making process. Scope of the ESIA: Areas affected by the subproject consists of 2 sub-areas: (i) Construction sites for upgrading the dams, spillway, culverts, access roads, areas for gathering materials and machineries, on-site wastewater treatment systems, roads to transport material, excess soil; temporary water treatment area, works’ camps, and surrounding areas affected by the water level in the reservoirs, and downstream canals; (ii) Areas benefited and/or affected from the subproject include the following communes: Vo Diem, Kim Ngoc, Bang Hanh in Bac Quang District, Bach Ngoc in Vi Xuyen District. Impact assessment time in the construction phase lasts for 6-12 months (construction activities are mainly in dry season). 11 The assessment covers all activities from the pre-construction (e.g. site clearance), construction and operation activities throughout the subproject lifecycle. The assessment is conducted for environmental (e.g. soil, air, water) and social aspects. The following objects are considered for assessment: â–ª Natural environment: water resources, hydrology, air / water / soil pollution, erosion and sedimentation, drainage, existing infrastructure, taking into account basic conditions such as climate, geography, topography, air quality; â–ª History, culture and archeology; â–ª Biological environments: terrestrial and aquatic fauna and flora. â–ª Social environment: health and medical care, employment and income, gender, safety and social stability, access to basic services such as water supply and energy, health care and education, etc. The baseline conditions include the current safety risks of the dams as well as past incidents involving safety and disaster issues Approach: The ESIA is based on the proposed upgrading and restoration work conducted as part of the preparation process for the DRSIP project, Dam Safety report and Feasible Study report. Environmental and social screening was conducted for the proposed works to identify items which do not meet the WB’s safeguard policies as well as to determine the scope of the ESIA and other required tools. The ESIA is also prepared referring to the existing environmental and social regulations to determine the magnitude of impacts and hence identify mitigation measures. The environmental criteria set by the GoV become a foundation for environmental and social assessment in the ESIA, beside other available standards and frameworks. Method: Data and information about the subproject and its surroundings were summarized based on the secondary and first-hand data from field surveys and environmental monitoring (including sampling, analyzing of samples). Field surveying method: The consultant conducted two field surveys: the first survey was from 16/7/2021 to 22/7/2021 and the second surrey was from 8/10/2021 to 14/10/2021. Strictly comply with safety regulations and requirements of the government as well as Ha Giang province on Covid-19 epidemic prevention and control such as: medical declaration, strictly complying with 5K requirements; observing the time of social distancing and medical isolation Sociological Survey Method: Representatives of households in the subproject area include households whose land is acquired, whose trees are affected, whose aquaculture activities are affected (renting water surface of reservoirs to raise fish), and beneficiary households (the total number of participants in the consultation meetings is 153 persons). In the context of the Covid- 19 epidemic occurring in provinces and cities across the country, the sociological investigation method also has appropriate measures: The implementation of social impact assessment must ensure compliance with prevention measures as prescribed by the government and local authorities. To ensure the implementation of social distancing, it is not possible to organize direct community consultations, so the methods of focus group discussions/community meetings, in-depth interviews are not conducted. In case a meeting is held to collect opinions, the participants must all comply with the principles of epidemic prevention, with no more than 20 participants in a meeting. The investor also incorporates a consultation method that is through local government agencies to coordinate in disseminating information about the project and synthesizing opinions of people in the area. Statistical methods: Collecting, processing and analyzing: (i) meteorological, hydrological and environmental data collected in the subproject area in a long-period of time; (ii) Socio- economic and gender data in subproject area from reports for 03 consecutive years. 12 Reference method: Refer to the research results, information from relevant subprojects. Expert panel method: the ESIA consultant held meetings to collect feedbacks from experts in Environmental fields, Sociology, Dam Safety and Gender, on impact mitigation measures. Summarizing and analyzing methods: Analyzing and synthesizing impacts from the subproject on environmental, socio-economic aspects in the subproject area. Rapid assessment method: Use pollution coefficients issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) to estimate emissions and predict pollution scales. Comparison method: Assess impacts by comparing against criteria and standards for soil, air, noise, environmental and water quality. During the ESIA process, public consultations have been conducted with the participation of stakeholders. Issues risen from stakeholders during the consultations are included and addressed in the ESIA. The results of the public consultations are presented in Appendix A5. 1.4. Objectives and Social Assessment Methods Objectives: The objectives of the social assessment (SA), which is done simultaneously with the environmental assessment for the subprojects, are: (i) first, consider the potential impact from the subprojects based on the nature and implementation plan of the subproject; (ii). Secondly, propose solutions and mitigation measures to address potentially negative impacts and community development activities relevant to the development objectives of the subproject. Adverse impacts associated with the subproject are unavoidable, so public consultations with local people, government agencies, other stakeholders are necessary to ensure that affected households will be compensated and supported in a timely manner. This enables the affected households to quickly stabilize and restore their socio-economic activities back to normal. In the long run, the livelihoods of the affected households will be improved, given the benefits brought by the subproject. A Gender Analysis was also implemented as part of the ESIA to learn about gender characteristics of the subproject areas (in context of impacts from the subproject). The purpose of the analysis is to promote gender equality and further improve the development of subproject and the project. Depending on the magnitude of potential impacts from the, the development objectives of the subproject, the gender action plan and the monitoring of the gender action plan have been prepared. Social assessment method: In order to ensure that all potential impacts identified during the subproject preparation phase, the social assessment has been conducted through a series of consultations with stakeholders. The assessment is focused on affected households who are both negatively and positively affected by the subproject. The social assessment techniques used include: 1) review of secondary social data, 2) field observations; 3) focus group discussions / community meetings, 4) in-depth interviews, and 5) household surveys. The total number of people consulted is 280 people. 1.5. The subproject owner and investment capital The subproject owner: Ha Giang Agriculture and Rural Development Investment and Construction Project Management Unit. Address: 196, Tran Hung Dao Street, Ha Giang City, Ha Giang Province. Tel: +84 219.3866.799 Fax: +84 219.3866.798 Total investment capital: 344,448,120,000 VND. The implementation costs for the subproject are shown in Table 1.1. 13 â–ª Loan from the WB: 326,447,533,000 VND â–ª Counterpart fund: 18,000,587,000 VND. Table 1. 1: Total investment capital of 05 reservoirs Tax (VAT TT Names of reservoirs Construction cost Value (VND) 10%) 1 Construction cost 54,366,680,500 5,436,668,050 59,803,348,550 1 Kim Tien 22,314,934,545 2,231,493,455 24,546,428,000 2 Khu Vang 11,087,273,980 1,108,727,398 12,196,001,378 3 Pu Tien 4,649,145,624 464,914,562 5,114,060,187 4 Na Luong 6,765,235,261 676,523,526 7,441,758,787 5 Tat Lang 9,550,091,090 955,009,109 10,505,100,199 2 Drilling cost 1,056,550,288 105,655,029 1,162,205,317 1 Kim Tien 539,274,755 53,927,476 593,202,231 2 Na Luong 517,275,533 51,727,553 569,003,086 Total: 55,423,231,000 5,542,323,000 60,965,554,000 Source: Investment project adjustment report, 2021 1.6. ESIA Consultant Name of the unit: Joint Venture of Southeast Asian Investment, Development Environment and Technology Company Limited & Investment and Environmental Resources Development Joint Stock Company. Represented by: Mr. Pham Trung Kien Title: Director Address: 199, Quoc Bao Area, Van Dien Town, Thanh Tri District, Ha Noi Phone number: 0868614077 List of key consultants and support staff participating in the preparation of the ESIA is presented in the table below. Table 1. 2: Table of assignment of ESIA report No Names Qualification/ Tasks Position RURAL DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECT I MANAGEMENT UNIT Head of Project Vu Van Quality management of ESIA report and work 1 Management Phong progress Department Officer in Provide information of the subproject, cooperate with Tran Ngoc 2 charge of local authorities in community consultation and Quang Environmental information dissemination 14 & Social safeguard policy Project Provide information of the subproject, cooperate with Vu Minh 3 Management local authorities in community consultation and Tuan Board staff information dissemination JOINT VENTURE OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN INVESTMENT, DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT AND TECHNOLOGY LIMITED COMPANY & II ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT JOINT STOCK COMPANY Environmental expert group Preparing a general plan for implementing the package, managing, monitoring and supervising the ME. of Water operation of the bidding package. Resources Assigning tasks to the team members based on the Pham 1 Leader / subproject implementation progress. Trung Kien Environmental Collecting and analyzing legal frameworks, Expert regulations of the GoV and the WB, for preparing the ESIA of the subprojects. Preparing the ESIA. Consult with affected communities in the subproject ME. of areas; environmental Do Thi Thu Lead the team in assessing the baseline conditions of 2 management - Huyen the subproject areas and potentially negative impacts Environmental from the subproject to propose mitigation measures. Expert Prepare the EIA. Consult with affected communities in the subproject Engineer of areas; Environmental Evaluate the baseline condition of the subproject Nguyen Hydrology - 3 areas, and potentially negative impacts from the Duy Khanh Environmental subproject on lagoon hydrology, sediment transport Hydrologist and flood risks in the downstream areas, and propose Expert mitigation measures Doctor of Environmental Dang Thi Responsible for investigating, collecting and 4 Engineering - Thu Hien analyzing water, air and soil samples in the laboratory. Environmental chemical Expert ME. of Consult with affected communities in the subproject Ha Thi Environmental areas; 5 Phuong Management Assess the status of the biological environment of the Thao Ecology Expert affected areas, assess impacts from the subproject on 15 biological environment and propose mitigation measures.. Consult with affected communities in the subproject Engineer of areas; Dang Trieu Water resources 6 Evaluate negative impacts from the subproject on Vung - Irrigation irrigation works in the downstream areas during expert operation. ME. of Tran Ngoc Irrigation 7 Assist the team members on environmental issues Phac Engineering Support staff Social expert group Prepare the questionnaires, consult with affected MSc. of households in in-depth interviews; Dang Thi agriculture - 1 Be responsible for socio-economic investigation of Ha Deputy head / affected households; social expert Prepare the Report Social Assessment (SA). Consult with the affected communities in the subproject areas; Engineer of Collect and analyze legal frameworks, regulations of Ngo Thi Irrigation - the GoV and WB on resettlement action plan; 2 Binh Resettlement Inventory land and assets of local households affected expert by the subprojects; Lead the survey for cost replacement; Prepare the resettlement action plan. Consult with the affected communities in the Bachelor of subproject areas; Nguyen Thi Philosophy - 3 Tam Ethnic Minority Collect and analyze legal frameworks and regulations Expert of the GoV and the WB relating to the Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP);. Engineer of Nguyen Thi Water 4 Thanh Resources Assist the team members with social issues Huyen Engineering - Support staff 16 CHAPTER 2: SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION Subproject “Ha Giang dam rehabilitation and safety improvementâ€?, with 05 additional reservoirs is implemented in 04 communes in Vi Xuyen and Bac Quang Districts. The 05 reservoirs were built a long time ago so they have been significantly degraded. These reservoirs are embanked with earth, with the earth-filled dams showing leaks and landslides. The flood- discharge spillways no longer ensure the designed discharge capacity. The culvert valves are broken and leaking. Access roads have not been reinforced so they are now severely damaged and hence need to be repaired and upgraded to ensure the safety and operation of the reservoirs. 2.1. Objectives of the subproject â–ª Ensure the safety of reservoirs and key works. â–ª Improve the irrigation efficiency of the existing works to promote agricultural productivity and product quality; develop specialized areas for high-yield crops with high economic values; maximize the potential of agricultural lands in the region. â–ª Reduce the amount of water loss. Ensure water supply for the local people, industrial development, promoting socio-economic development of the subproject area in particular and in Ha Giang province in general. â–ª Create natural landscapes, improve ecological environment, and promote tourism development in the region. 2.2. Overview of the subproject Subproject “Ha Giang dam rehabilitation and safety improvementâ€? with 05 additional reservoirs is located in 04 communes of two districts (Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen) as follows: Table 2. 1: List and locations of the 05 additional reservoirs Names of Coordinates No Villages Communes Districts reservoirs X Y 1 Tat Tang 22°21'41.3"N 104°56'12.7"E Lam Vo Diem 2 Pu Tien 22°22'55.9"N 104°55'00.8"E Me Ha Vo Diem Bac 3 Na Luong 22°26'27.5"N 104°56'06.9"E Mang Kim Ngoc Quang 22026’47â€? 104059’49â€? East 4 Kim Tien North Kim Tien Bang Hanh longitude latitude 22035’12â€? 105002’21â€? Vi 5 Khu Vang North Phai Bach Ngoc East longitude. Xuyen latitude Location of 05 additional reservoirs is described in following table: Table 2. 2: Location of 05 additional reservoirs of the subproject No Reservoirs Location Locations 17 - Lam village, Vo Tat Lang Diem Commune, Reservoir Bac Quang District; 1 Tat Tang - There is no sensitive area around Tat Lang reservoir area. Pu Tien - Me village, Vo reservoir Diem Commune, Bac Quang District; 2 Pu Tien - There is no sensitive area around Pu Tien reservoir area. - Mang village, Kim Ngoc Commune, Bac Quang District; Na Luong 3 Na Luong reservoir - There is no sensitive area around Na Luong reservoir area. 18 - Kim Tien village, Bang Hanh Commune, Bac Quang District; 4 Kim Tien - There is 1 house living near the reservoir (>70m Kim Tien from the main dam reservoir of the reservoir) - Phai village, Bach Ngoc Commune, Vi Xuyen District; - There is 1 house living near the 5 Khu Vang reservoir (>70m from the main dam of the reservoir), and power line going along the Khu Vang main dam reservoir Location of additional reservoirs are in the map below: Figure 2. 1: Location of 5 additional reservoirs 19 2.3. Conditions of the reservoirs and construction solutions The five (05) reservoirs were built a long time ago so they have undergone a dramatic degradation process. Given this, these reservoirs do meet the requirement for the operation safety and water storage capacity as designed. Current conditions of these five reservoirs and their proposed construction solutions are presented in table below. Table 2. 3: Current conditions and proposed construction solutions for the five (05) reservoirs No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation Tat Lang reservoir was built before a. Earth-filled dam: 1990, has a basin area of 0.84 Km2, Length is of 75.4m. Filling, raising and expanding and is responsible for irrigating 45 the dam surface toward downstream, compaction hectares of rice land. K≥ 0.95, dam width B=5.0m, dam crest elevation a. Earth-filled dam: (+64.50)m. Solidify the dam surface with 20cm thick M250 concrete lined with a layer of Status of existing earth dam: regenerated nylon and grade 2 crushed stone 20cm + Height : Hmax = 4.0m; thick. + Length: Ldam = 75.4; Upstream roof: Reinforcement of retaining wall The existing earth-filled dam + Width of the dam crest: B= 3.0m; upstream of the dam by coating M250 reinforced 1 Tat Lang concrete 20cm thick, then combined to use as 0.5m + Roof coefficient; mtl=0.0; high breakwater. mh=2.0÷2.5 Downstream roof: Planting grass combined with The dam surface is not reinforced, drainage ditches to protect the roof structure with still made of soil. The dam is M200 concrete. Roof coefficient m=2.0. The covered with bushes making it prismatic drainage device close to the dam roof. slippery. There some signs of landslides on the downstream of the Install a water level monitoring system. dam. Treatment of seepage by covering yard upstream b. Flood-discharge spillway method, the width of the covered yard Lsp= 25m along the length of the dam is 1.0m thick clay, 0.5m Downstream roof subsidence The spillway designed for free sand and gravel above it. flowing is structured with concrete- 20 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation covered rocks. The overflow b. Flood-discharge spillway threshold height: +63,0m. The Repair the current spillway by demolishing the threshold width: 15m. The spillway damaged old concrete and then covering it with seems to operate normally but the 20cm thick M250 reinforced concrete. Redo the threshold surface is peeling and thus spillway front yard with M250 concrete 5m long on needs to be repaired. The entrance to the shoulder of the hill as a retaining wall of M250 the left shoulder is currently closed concrete structure. Reinforce flood discharge canal due to lack of retaining walls and behind the spillway by reinforced concrete wall lakeside regeneration phenomena. with a length of 14m. The flood discharge channel behind the spillway made of soil is strongly c. Curvets eroded, 20m long, 15m wide, then Upgrading and building new water intake culverts, drain flood to the current stream; in the form of round culverts with dimension Landslides on the dissipation tank The stream has a width of 5-10m, is D60cm, structure is a 12mm thick painted stainless capable of draining floods steel covered with 1x2 stone M250 reinforced c. Culverts concrete. Arrange the valve house and 02 gate valves downstream of the culverts, the outlet will Curvets on the left and right arrange a 1x2 stone M250. Reinforced concrete shoulders of the dam are reinforced structure dissipation tank. Length of culvert box culverts (bxh=50x60cm), with L=20.3m. broken upstream regulating valves. d. Management office d. Monitoring equipment Newly build a management office near the road to No equipment is installed for water the dam, with an area of 70m2. The office is 01- level, leakage and displacement storey, with a dimension of 11.6 x 5.4m: reinforced monitoring concrete frame structure, brick walls, plastered Broken regulating valve e. Access road mortar, beams, concrete roof floor, wooden doors, steel-core plastic windows, painted interior and 21 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation There is no access road to the dam exterior walls. Build fences and yard and the but a waking path connects Lam campus of the office. village to the site. e. Access road The road from the inter-commune Upgrade the access road: length: L=2118m; road to Lam Village to the site is Surface width: Bm=3.5m; Roadbed width: Bn= about 2.12km long. Of this, 1.035km 5.0m; Margin width: B margin= 2 x 0.75. Structure: is concreted, with a width of 20cm concrete surface (M250). The foundation: bm=2.5m but this segment has been 16cm-thick crushed stones, lined with tarpaulin. degraded. The rest of the road is The foundation is filled with soil with a density earthy, narrow and difficult to be K>=0.95. traveled on, especially in the wet season. Therefore, it is not suitable for motor vehicles to travel on. f. Management office There is no management office on site Pu Tien reservoir was built before a. Earth-filled dam 2006, with an area of 0.27 km2, the + Dam surface reinforcement: Fill the downstream task is to irrigate 43 hectares of rice roof to enlarge the dam crest to a width (Bmd) of land 5.0m. Fill and level the surface, solidify the dam a. Earth-fill dam surface to ensure the elevation of +67.50m and the 2 Pu Tien slope toward downstream (i=2.0%). The structure Status of existing earth dam: of the surface: reinforced concrete (M250) with a + Height: Hmax = 7.4m; thickness of 20cm. Foundation: 20cm-thick layer + Length: Ldam = 48.20m; of crushed stone. The upstream breakwater: h=0.5m, with reinforced concrete. The downstream + Width of the dam crest: Bdam= 4.0m; Earth-filled dam of Pu Tien reservoir 22 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation Dam surface and roof are made of wheel barriers: b x h = 20 x 20cm, with reinforced soil (without reinforcement). There concrete (M200). is a lot of shrubs on the dame surface + Upstream roof reinforcement: Roof coefficient and roof. Landslides occur on the m=0 and m=2.5. The roof section has a coefficient dam roof. of m=0, the retaining wall upstream of the dam is b. Flood-discharge spillway covered with 20cm thick reinforced concrete M250 layer, 4.2m high (including the breakwater wall). Free-flowing crest spillway, The roof section is m=2.5m, from the height reinforced with concrete. Spillway +64.65m or less to the lowest level +60.80m, height: +66.44m. Width: 4.0m. In reinforced with reinforced concrete slabs M250 front of the spillway, there are with thickness of 12cm, cell size (3x3) m, mounds of earth, obstructing the regenerated nylon lining underneath, 1x2 crushed discharge from the spillway. The stone 15cm thick, 15cm thick yellow sand.. flood discharge channel behind Flood-discharge spillway spillway is made of soil, has no + Downstream roof reinforcement: Filling the roof to create the roof efficient (m) of 2.0. Planting grass energy dissipation, is eroded, about 4m wide, 15m long, invaded by to protect the roof from the top of the dam down to the drainage object downstream of the dam. The shrubs on both sides. The water from the flood drainage canal after the drainage ditch of the downstream roof arranged in grid cells at an angle of 45° to the heart of the dam. spillway to the stream has a width of 10-12m, enough for flood drainage .The roof drainage ditch downstream of the dam has a concrete structure R200, with 10cm thick wall c. Culverts and bottom, size (bxh) = (0.2x0.2)m. Drainage Curvets are round culverts, with ditch on both sides of the dam border, trapezoidal D=50cm. The downstream cross-section, size b = 0.3m, B = 0.89m . The regulating valve is broken. drainage rock pile is located at the height of +63.0m d. Monitoring equipment down to the height of +61.7m, close to the roof, the structure consists of layers from top to bottom: a layer of crushed stone with a thickness of 30cm, followed by a layer of crushed stone with a 23 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation No monitoring equipment is thickness of 15cm and the bottom layer with 15cm installed for water level, leakage or thick filter sand. From the height of +61.7m to the replacement monitoring. height of +60m, place a pile of prismatic drainage stone e. Access road b. Flood-discharge spillway The management and operation road is an asphalt road combined with Remove the existing flood-discharge spillway. traffic roads to the commune. Newly build the flood-discharge spillway for the existing route on the left shoulder of the earth-filled dam. Flood-discharge spillway: free-flowing, width: nxBtr = 1.0m x 7.0m. Overflow threshold behind the spillway: 7.0m – 4.0m. At the end of the water slope, there are two energy dissipation steps, at an elevation of 2.5 - 2.7m; length of each step: 3.3- 3.9m; structure: reinforced concrete (M250). c. Culverts Remove the existing culverts and replace with Flood discharge canal behind the spillway underground high-pressure culverts. Elevation: +65.20m. Length: Lc=16.70m. Structure: Steel pipe (D=600mm) with a thickness of 9.53mm, covered with reinforced concrete (M300). Two shut-off and regulating valves (D=600mm) are located inside the vale house downstream. d. Management office Newly build a management office near the road to the dam, with an area of 57.9m2. The office is 01- storey, with dimension of 11.6m x 5.4m. Structure 24 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation of the office: reinforced concrete, brick walls plastered with mortar, beams, concrete roof floor, wooden doors, steel-core plastic windows, painted interior and exterior walls. Build fences, a gate and campus for the management office. e. Equipment - Garbage screen at upstream of water intake culverts: + 01 culvert has the size at the garbage screen BxH = 1.0 x 1.4m; + Grid structure: welded structure, horizontal beams, longitudinal beams are shaped steel and grid bars in the form of steel plates Install the water level and displacement monitoring equipment. 3 Na Luong Na Luong reservoir was built before a. Earth-filled dam 1998, has a catchment area of 1.09 Elevate and embank the dam roof to the km2, to irrigate 35 ha of the rice downstream to ensure design cross-section, dam fields width of 5m, dam length of 39m, dam crest a. Earth-filled dam elevation of +75.8m, crest elevation of the breakwater wall of +76.30. Reinforce the dam Status of existing earth dam: surface with 20cm thick M250 concrete under Height: Hmax = 5.0m; regenerated nylon lining, 20cm thick layer of Length: Ldam = 33.5m; crushed stone; reinforcing the retaining wall upstream of the dam by covering 20cm thick M250 Width: bdam= 2.0-2.5m; The dam reinforced concrete; make a breakwater with 0.5m The existing dam surface of Na Luong surface has not been reinforced, high reinforced concrete M250. The dam on the reservoir 25 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation showing signs of subsidence and downstream side acts as a barrier for the M250 coarse roughness so it’s difficult to reinforced concrete, the coefficient of the travel. Upstream and downstream downstream roof is mHL=2. roofs have cracked, seepage, water + Waterproofing grouting the body and foundation leakage of the dam with a cement-clay mortar solution (The The roof is vertical, with the roof top of the grouting hole starts from the same level as the normal water level , the grouting depth is h= b. Flood-discharge spillway 9.40 -9.50m). The spillway is free-flowing, + Building new attic-type dam body permeable constructed with stones covered drainage device, making drainage ditches for the with concrete: height: +74.30m; and dam roof and planting grass to protect the width: Btr=21.0m. The spillway was downstream roof, installing a seepage and built long time ago, has gradually displacement monitoring system degraded, showing signs of seepages through the body and adjacent to the b. Flood- discharge spillway earth-filled dam. The energy Repair the existing flood-discharge spillway by Partially broken flood-discharge spillway dissipation tank has masonry removing the degraded concrete and filling the with safety issue structure and it has undergone a leaks in the dam body with concrete, followed by strong erosion process and thus adding a 20cm-thick layer of reinforced concrete cannot be used any longer. The flood (M250). Newly construct the side wall and the drainage channel behind the downstream energy dissipation tank: width: btank = spillway is the current stream, 5-7m 18m; depth hb = 0.8m, with reinforced concrete wide, on both sides are shrubs, (M250). Behind the dissipation tank, gabions capable of draining annual floods. (LxBxH = 2 x 1.0 x 0.5m) will be arranged to c. Curvets prevent erosion. There are two box culverts c. Culverts (50x50cm) on both sides of the Remove the two (02) old culverts and replace with spillway. These culverts are jammed two (02) new culverts for the existing system, with and broken. Between the dam and 26 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation culverts downstream, water is the bottom elevations of +73.20m and 73.40m, leaking through the culvert to lengths (L) of 16,7m and 19.1m. The underground downstream. high-pressure culverts have a diameter (D) of 600mm, are 9.53mm thick and covered with d. Monitoring equipment reinforced concrete (M300). There are two (02) Through the site inspection, the regulating valves installed inside the downstream reservoir was not equipped with valve house. infiltration and displacement d. Management office monitoring equipment. Water level was monitored using a water level Newly build a management office near the access indicator at the culvert but this road to the site, with an area of 70m2. The office is method does not meet the designed to be 01-storey, with a dimension of 11.6 requirement. There is no water level x 5.4m. The structure of the office: reinforced indicator installed at the flood- concrete frame structure, brick walls covered with Culverts discharge spillway. mortar, beams, concrete roof floor, wooden doors, steel-core plastic windows, painted interior and e. Access road exterior walls. Build a back yard, fences and the Access road is about 1km long, from campus of the management office. the national highway QL279. Of e. Management road this, 276m of this road is narrow earth road, not yet reinforced. Upgrade the access road: Length L=276m; Width: Bm=3,5m; Roadbed width: Bn= 5.0m; Margin f. Management office: width: Bmargin= 2 x 0.75m. Structure is cement There is no management office concrete M250 stone 2x4, 3.5m wide; under the g. Management: layer of crushed stone of grade 2 with a thickness of 20cm, the road foundation is filled with soil with The reservoir does not have a written a density of K>=0.95. operation procedure. The opening and closing of the culverts and flow f. Equipment installation monitoring are basically based on visual observation and experience. 27 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation The commune has assigned the Fabricate and install two culverts: diameter: village to operate the reservoir. D=600mm; thickness: 9.53m. Fabricate and install two sets of garbage screens and purchase 04 regulating valves downstream. Build a new electric system for the management office, connecting from the 0.4kv line near the site. Install the water level and displacement monitoring equipment. Kim Tien reservoir was built before a. Earth-filled dam 1990, with a catchment area of 2.48 Remove the degraded earth-filled dam, refill the km2, the task is to irrigate 45 dam with soil with the compaction coefficient: K ≤ hectares of rice land. 0.95, upstream roof coefficient: m=2.0, a. Earth-filled dam downstream roof coefficient: m=2.0; - The dam is earth-filled dam. Dam crest: width: Bcrest=5m, horizontal slope: Length: L = 68.17m. The maximum i=2%. Dam surface structure: 20cm bottom layer: dam height: 5,28m. Average width: 20cm lining; middle layer: 10cm pineapple 3.0-4.2m. The dam does not have a tarpaulin, and top layer: 20cm reinforced concrete 4 Kim Tien breakwater wall. The dam surface is (M250). The two sides of the dam crest are installed made of soil, making it difficult to with wheel barriers made of reinforced concrete Dam surface and upstream roof of Kim travel, particularly in rainy days. (M250); Tien reservoir - The upstream dam crest is The upstream dam crest: reinforced concrete significantly eroded so it was (M250) slabs made in place, with an average size impossible for the consultant to of 3.0cm x 3.0cm and thickness of 12cm, lined with approach the dam for a close pineapple tarpaulin, 18cm filter chips and observation during the field trip. geotextile layer. The slabs are perforated with The dam crest is not protected and drainage holes (D=5.0cm), with interval of 1.5m hence covered with grass so it poses 28 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation a risk of landslide. The two sides of per hole. Reinforced concrete beams (M250): the culverts, are eroded. The dam bxh=0.5m x 1.0m, in combination with stones. does not have steps so it’s difficult to The downstream dam crest: from the dame crest to go up and down from the dam for the elevation of +83.50m, grass grow on the 20cm management and operation fertile soil layer. The dam surface has drainage purposes. channels (20cm x 20cm) at a slope of 450, - The downstream dam roof is constructed with concrete (M250). The bottom and protected with wild grass. There are wall are 10cm thick, lined with a regenerated nylon no steps to climb up to the dam so layer. The attic drainage system is chosen for the it’s difficult for operation and elevation of up to +83.50m, with structure of 30cm management. There are no drainage stacked stones, lined with 15cm filter chips and channels on the roof and at the foot 15cm sand layer. Provide additional vertical and Flood-discharge spillway being fixed by of the roof. Between the horizontal trapezoidal drainage ditches (40cm x the local people embankment and the dam 40cm, m=1.0), structured with concrete (M250), foundation, there are some cracks with the 15cm-thick bottom layer and roof lined and visible leaks. There are visible with pineapple tarpaulin layer. leaks observed on the culverts and b. Flood-discharge spillway by the foot of the downstream at an elevation of +82.50m. The primary Construct a flood-discharge spillway on the left cause of leakage is that the dam is shoulder of the dam (at the location of the old filled with heterogeneous soils. spillway). The thresholder elevation: +85.50m. Spillway width: B=5,0m. Free-flowing wide top b. Flood-discharge spillway overflow. Reinforced concrete (M250) covering Flood-discharge spillway is on the M150 concrete, lined with 10cm M100 concrete. left shoulder of the dam: wide crest On the top of the spillway, there is a traffic bridge: and free-flowing spillway, threshold width B=6.0m, M300 reinforced concrete, load elevation: 85.50m, spillway width: capacity: 0.65HL93. B=2.0m, constructed with concrete. Behind the spillway is a narrowing section: width Existing conditions of the sluice gate The small spillway threshold width of the first section: B=5.0m, the end section: is not enough for flood drainage. The 29 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation flood drainage canal behind the B=3.0m, length L=9,0m, initial elevation: +84.20, spillway has a length of 150m, width the end elevation: +81,60m, M250 reinforced of 2m, then drain flood to the current concrete lined with 10cm M100 concrete. stream. The stream has many shrubs After the narrowing segment: is a water slope: on both sides, is capable of draining dimension: bxh=(3.0x5.0) m, length: L= 95.0m, floods. slope: i=1.0%, M250 reinforced concrete lined with c. Culvert 10cm M100 concrete. Both sides of the wall are Culvert is round, arranged on the equipped with water filtering systems composed of right shoulder of the dam, and has 30cm-thick filter chip layer, 10cm sand layer. On the walls, drainage holes (PVC D63mm) are severely degraded. arranged in an interval of 1.5m per pipe, with the d. Monitoring equipment: end of the pipes covered with filter cloth. No monitoring equipment is The canal after the spillway is formed from the installed on site water slope, starting at 18m from the beginning of e. Management the slope (following the existing earth canal), with: total length: L=150.76m, size bxh= 1.0m x 1.4m, Access road: the existing access road M250 reinforced concrete lined with 10cm M100 is an earth road with length of concrete and covered with M250 concrete slabs 383.36m and width of 2.0-4.0m. (bxh= 1.4m x 0.5m; 5cm thick). Settlement slots When it rains, the road becomes are arranged in an interval of 11.8m, including 02 muddy, making it difficult for layers of roofing felt and 03 layers of asphalt. traveling on site. c. Culverts Management office: there is no management office on site. Construct new culverts at the location of the existing culverts, with: total length: L=37.50m, culvert body length: L=24.0m, steel culvert structure: D=60cm, outer cover: 30cm M250 reinforced concrete, 20cm wall and ceiling, liner: 10cm M100 concrete. PVC joints and asphalt 30 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation sheets are arranged in an interval of 6m. Metal cage mesh is arranged upstream to prevent garbage from entering the culverts. The valve house is arranged downstream, constructed of M300 reinforced concrete, with 02 disc valves (01 valve under operation and the other valve is a backup in case of repairing). The energy dissipation tank is constructed with M300 reinforced concrete. Behind the culverts, there is a canal, with length: L=94.38m, size: bxh=40cm x 50cm, M200 concrete, 15cm-thick bottom and walls, 10m M100 concrete lining. Every 20m of the canal, there is a M200 concrete bump, with slots of 2-layered sacks, 3-layered asphalt. The canal is covered with M250 reinforced concrete panels, with size of 70cm x 100cm, and thickness of 10cm. d. Access road Construct an access road for work management, rescue and transport between villages, with the total length: L=383.36m. From K0+00 to K0+88.36: width: Bn = 5.0; Bm =3.5m, margin width: 2 x 0.75m, 20cm M250 concrete lined with pineapple tarpaulin and 20cm crushed stone layer. From K0+88.36 to K0+383.36: width: Bn = 5,0m; Bm =3,5m, margin width: 2 x 0.75m, 20cm M250 concrete surface, lined with pineapple tarpaulin and 20cm thick crushed stone layer. Inside the reservoir, construct a retaining wall with height: 31 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation H=6.3m, M250 reinforced concrete, and install a drainage system behind the wall. e. Management office The new management office is built in an area of 197m2, with a gate and fences. Management office is a IV-leveled office, within a total area of 70m2, 22cm brick walls (M50cement mortar), 1.5cm mortar (M75cement mortar), beam frame and M250 reinforced concrete ceiling. f. Equipment installation On the dam, there are subsidence and displacement and seepage monitoring equipment installed Khu Vang reservoir was built before a. Earth-filled dam 1990, with a catchment area of 0.19 Remove the weathering cover of the earth-filled km2, the task is to irrigate 40 dam, trim off the excess soil of the upstream crest, hectares of rice land. apply additional filling to the downstream dam to a. Earth-filled dam the designed elevation with a compaction - The existing dam is an earth dam coefficient: K>=0.95, upstream crest coefficient: m=2.5, downstream crest coefficient: m=3.0. 5 Khu Vang with the length of 120m, the Waterproofing grouting is applied for the dam (The maximum height of 7.0m. The average width of the dam is 5.0m, top of the grouting hole starts from the same level as the normal water level , the grouting depth is h= the dam does not have a breakwater wall, the dam surface is 9.40 -9.50m). Existing earth-filled dam unconsolidated, still earth, so The dam crest: crest width: Bd=5m, horizontal walking on the dam is quite difficult, slope: i=2%. Surface structure: the bottom layer: especially when it rains. 20cm thick; the middle layer: pineapple tarpaulin, and the top layer: 20cm M250 concrete. The two 32 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation - The dam crest is not reinforced so sides of the dam crest are installed with M250 it shows landslides and subsidence concrete wheel barriers; with a depth of 1-2m and width of 2- Upstream dam crest: reinforce the crest with M250 2.5m. reinforced concrete labs made in place, with: size: - The downstream dam crest is not 3.0cm x 3.0cm, thickness: 12cm, liners: 18cm filter reinforced, without centralized chips and geotextile layers, drainage holes for drainage ditches. The surface is not every 1.5m: D=5.0cm. Arrange M250 reinforced even, due to erosion and landslides. concrete beams to lock the foot of the crest, with The roof coefficient: m=3.003.36. size: b x h= 0.5m x 1.0m, in combination with There are leaks on the foot of the rocks. upstream dam crest. Downstream dam crest: From the dam crest down Degraded downstream valve b. Flood-discharge spillway to the elevation of +154.60m, plant grass on the 20cm fertile soil layer. Arrange drainage ditches on - Overflow is on the left shoulder of the dame surface, with a slope of 450, size: 20cm x the dam. Discharge is led into the 20cm, M250 concrete, 10cm bottom layer and residential road. Stone structure, walls, lined with a regeneration nylon layer. From overflow threshold width: B=6.0m, +154.60m down to the foot, arrange attic drainage threshold length: 4.0m, height: ditches with 30cm stacked stock layer, followed by 1.6m. The current spillway is acting 15cm filter chips and 15cm sand layer. Add as a traffic road so this poses a vertically and horizontally trapezoidal drainage danger to the local in the flood ditches, with size: 40cm x 40cm, m=1.0, M250 season. There is no energy concrete, 15cm bottom layer and roof, lined with dissipation tank after the spillway. regeneration nylon layer. - The spillway has some leaks. Flood-discharge spillway A settlement, displacement and seepage monitoring Water may seep through the two system is arranged on the dam overflow gills and this needs to be fixed. b. Flood-discharge spillway Construct a new flood-discharge spillway on the right shoulder of the dam. The threshold elevation 33 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation - Excess discharge makes use of the is +157.50m, with width of B=6.0m, as overflow. road on the left shoulder of the dam. M250 reinforced concrete structure covering M150 - There is no flood drainage canal concrete, lined with 10cm M100 concrete. On the behind the overflow. Currently, top of the spillway, arrange a bridge with width: discharge water overflows into the B=6.0m, M300 reinforced concrete structure, loading capacity: 0.65HL93 roads and fields of people, then drains into the current stream, the Behind the overflow threshold is a narrowing water stream width is 6-9m, enough for slope, with width of the beginning section: flood drainage. B=6.0m, width of the end: B=4.0m, length: L=50.45m, M250 reinforced concrete structure, c. Culverts lined with 10cm M100 concrete. The screens of the culverts are made Behind the water slope is the energy dissipation of bamboo; tank, with length: L=6.0m, M250 reinforced The upstream roof, adjacent to the concrete structure lined with 10cm M100 concrete, culvert entrance is eroded. the bottom acted as a reverse filter including: top The concrete culverts are old, layer: 20cm filter chip, middle layer: 20cm sand degraded with severely broken steel and bottom layer: geotextile. Behind the spillway, valve gate, resulting in leakages. The reinforce with gabions: dimension: 1.0 x 2.0 x upstream valves are rusty and hence 0.5m, length: L=4.0m difficult to operate. Gate design: c. Culverts. bxh=80x80cm. Construct new culverts at the same location of the The downstream culverts have existing culverts, with length: L=30.2m, steel pipes visible leaks toward downstream. (D=600mm), 30cm M250 reinforced concrete It’s possible that water seeps through cover, 20cm-thick walls and ceiling, 10cm BT the sides of the culverts. M100 lining layer. Install PVC joints and asphalt d. Access road sheets every 6m of the culverts. Arrange screens downstream, and a valve house with 02 disc valves Access road from the inter- (01 valve for operation and 01 backup valve in case commune road to the reservoir is 34 No. Reservoir Current Conditions Proposed Construction items Picture of the current situation about 1.328km. This is an earth road, of repair). The energy dissipation tank is with a narrow width: b=2.5÷3.0m. constructed with M300 reinforced concrete, with length: L=3.60m. e. Management office: d. Access road management There is no management office on site Build an access road for transport to the site, rescue and inter-village travel, with length: L=1,228m, f. Operation management width: Bn = 5.0m; Bm =3.5m, margin width: 2 x Monitoring equipment: there are no 0.75m, 10cm M250 concrete surface lined with water level and displacement pineapple tarpaulin and 20cm crushed stone layer. monitoring equipment; e. Management office There is no official written operation New management office is located in an area of procedure. 200m2, with gate and fences. The office is a IV- leveled work, with a total area of 70m2, 22cm-thick brick walls (M50), covered with 1.5cm M75 mortar, interior beams and M250 reinforced concrete ceiling. Out of 05 reservoirs for repair and upgrade, 02 reservoirs, Na Luong and Khu Vang, have the current situation of seepage flow at the foot of the dam downstream. In which, at the confluence between the embankment and the dam foundation seepage form flows from upstream to downstream. Therefore, grouting and waterproofing with cement mortar and powdered clay will be deployed in these 02 reservoirs. The top of the grouting hole starts from the same level as the normal water level. Grouting depth is h = 9.4-9.5m. 35 2.4. Mobilization of Materials, Machinery and Workers 2.4.1. Natural resources and materials for the subproject The materials, fuels used for the construction of the five (05) reservoirs of the subproject are presented in detail below: Table 2. 4: Demand for materials and fuels for the subproject construction NO Materials Unit Tat Lang Pu Tien Na Luong Kim Tien Khu Vang . 1 Concretes m3 2,056.96 887.88 2,287.860 4,067.73 2,619.04 2 Formworks m3 2,608.50 1,721.55 3,628.080 14,415.89 5,058.77 3 Bricks m3 29.53 13.29 31.140 53.69 52.18 4 Plasters m3 373.63 168.13 394.011 679.33 955.17 5 Steels kg 2,360.8 52,790.3 78,122.130 238,548.49 84,641.83 6 Fillers m3 1,058.96 178.48 37.060 808.06 1,485.47 7 Sands m3 36.21 9.07 41.780 241.42 77.33 8 Rocks m3 129.33 391.56 87.580 530.36 381 9 Geotextiles m3 837.87 377.04 1,005.444 1,675.74 3,261.14 10 Recycled nylon m3 1,156.65 520.49 1,387.980 2,313.30 4,393.79 Grass on the 11 m3 462.40 327.61 82.060 246.18 123.09 downstream 12 Excavated soil m3 7,909.50 4,090.81 6,176.090 5,044.07 4,112.18 13 Filling soil m3 8,778.29 2.671.21 2,817.510 2,123.56 2,270.87 Source: Feasibility study report of the subproject "Repair and improve the safety of the dam in Ha Giang province" with 05 additional reservoirs Demand for gasoline and oil fuel Fuel to operate transport equipment, backup generators, compactors and concrete mixers is mainly diesel oil, with the expected volume as follows: Table 2. 5: Demand for fuel No. Content Unit Tat Lang Pu Tien Na Luong Kim Tien Khu Vang 1 Diezel oil Ton 135.2 106.8 127.5 112.6 109.4 Source: Summary of subproject construction cost estimates Roads for material transportation are described in Table below: Table 2. 6: Material transport routes Reservoirs Materials Distance Transport road No to the site 36 1 Tat Lang Cement, 20 Km From the center of Viet Quang town to the steel, sand, site: national highway QL 279 and inter- stone, communal roads. (The inter-commune road gravel is about 14.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide) 2 Pu Tien Cement, 20 km From the center of Viet Quang town to the steel, sand, site: national highway QL 279 and inter- stone, communal roads. (The inter-commune road gravel is about 15.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide) 3 Na Luong Cement, 33 km From the center of Viet Quang town to the steel, sand, site: national highway QL 279 and inter- stone, communal roads. (The inter-commune road gravel is about 2.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide) 4 Kim Tien Cement, 25 km From the center of Viet Quang town to the steel, sand, site: national highway QL 279 and inter- stone, communal roads. (The inter-commune road gravel is about 2.3km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide) 5 Khu Vang Cement, 25 km From the center of Vi Xuyen Town to the steel, sand, site: national highway QL 2 and inter- stone, communal roads. (The inter-commune road gravel is about 13.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide) Source: Feasibility study report of the subproject “Repair and improve the safety of the dam in Ha Giang provinceâ€? with 05 additional reservoirs. Mechanical equipment is fabricated at the factory and transported to the sites. Construction machinery and equipment are available in the regional market. 2.4.2. Construction machinery and equipment List of construction machinery and equipment used in the construction preparation and construction phases is presented in table below: Table 2. 7: List of construction machinery and equipment of the 05 reservoirs Number (machine/equipment) No Machinery and Tat Pu Na Kim Khu . equipment Lang Tien Luong Tien Vang 1 Bulldozers 1 1 1 1 1 2 Compactors 1 1 1 1 1 3 Excavators 1.25m3 2 2 2 2 2 4 Transport trucks 7T 4 4 4 4 4 5 Welder 1 1 1 1 1 6 Tamping rammer 1 1 1 1 1 7 Mixers 500l 5 5 5 5 5 8 Needle vibrator 6 6 6 6 6 9 Power generators 30KVA 1 1 1 1 1 10 Pumps 2 2 2 2 2 37 Source: Feasibility study report of the subproject “Repair and improve the safety of the dam in Ha Giang provinceâ€? with 05 additional reservoirs 2.4.3. Manpower needs Main human resource: Utilize local human resources who live in and around the subproject areas (the rate of local labor is about 20%), in combination with a team of high-skilled technical workers, supervisors of functional departments of investors and management units. The human resources of each reservoir are presented in the table below. Table 2. 8: Number of workers for the five reservoirs Preparation phase Construction phase TT Reservoirs (workers) (workers) 1 Tat Lang 10 45 2 Pu Tien 10 45 3 Na Luong 10 45 4 Kim Tien 10 45 5 Khu Vang 10 45 Total: 50 225 2.5. Auxiliary works 2.5.1. Electricity and water supply Power supply: Due to the nature of the overflowing reservoirs, the electricity demand is negligible. The main power consumption is for lighting at night and the operation of the steelwork workshops. The electricity supply for the construction and operation of the subproject is from the national grid, including the 35kV and 0.4kV power lines which are about 2km from the sites. Standby diesel generators on site will be arranged in case of a power outage. Water supply: Water will be consumed during the construction phase for construction and domestic activities, and for firefighting and explosion prevention. Water used for domestic activities is taken from the reservoirs. Depending on the quality of the reservoir, water may have to undergo a treatment process including a filtering process through tanks to improve water quality prior to consumption for domestic and construction activities. 2.5.2. Housing demand and on-site camps The number of workers required for each reservoir in a peak construction period is about 45 workers. Given the location of the works, it’s convenient for material transportation and gathering and for installing camps on site. However, the estimated construction time is 6 months/reservoir, which is a short time, so it is possible to use the option of renting land or houses of local people in each project area as workers' houses, ensuring environmental hygiene and daily living conditions of workers. Contractors can arrange construction camps on the construction site in the area gathering construction materials provided with public toilets for personal activities of workers. 2.5.3. Disposal sites and soil borrow pits The disposal sites and soil mines used for the subproject are in accordance with the planning of the communes and in agreement with the PPMU, households and local authorities. The locations of these disposal sites and soil mines are convenient for transportation to minimize impacts on the environment and local people. 38 Table 2. 9: List of the disposal sites and soil mines Area of auxiliary works Description Camps Auxiliary Disposal sites Disposal sites Soil borrow pits No. Reservoirs works Areas Areas Areas Distance 2 (m ) 2 (m ) (m2) (m) Filling land was purchased at a Soil mine Empty land within the protection corridor 2,000m away from the work, in Lam village, 1 Tat Lang 200 560 250 of Tat Lang reservoir Vo Diem commune, Bac Quang district; convenient for transportation by 10 ton truck Filling land was purchased at a Soil mine Empty land within the protection corridor 2,000m away from the work, in Lam village, 2 Pu Tien 200 560 250 of Pu Tien reservoir Vo Diem commune, Bac Quang district; convenient for transportation by 10 ton truck The pond of Mr. Chu Van Ngan's Filling land was purchased at a Soil mine household (This household has need to 400m away from the work, in Mang village, use the excess soil from the construction Kim Ngoc commune; convenient for 3 Na Luong 200 560 250 0.4 to fill the low-lying land), Kim Ngoc transportation by 10 ton truck commune, surrounded by acacia and perennial crops. Low-lying area, surrounded by bushes Filling land was purchased at a Soil mine with no source of surface water, managed 1,500m away from the work, in Bang Hanh 4 Kim Tien 200 560 2,000 by CPC commune; convenient for transportation by 10 ton truck Low-lying area, surrounded by bushes Filling land was purchased at a Soil mine with no source of surface water, managed 2,000m away from the work, in Bach Ngoc 5 Khu Vang 200 560 2,000 by CPC commune; convenient for transportation by 10 ton truck Total 1,000 2,800 750 39 2.5.4. Transportation roads used for construction Construction conditions are relatively good, transportation is convenient. There are roads leading to all the reservoirs, making it convenient for material transportation during the construction phase. Transportation routes are described as below. Table 2. 10: Transportation routes used for construction No. Reservoirs Construction routes used for construction Road for transporting of construction material: From the center of Viet Quang town to the site, using national highway QL 279 and inter-communal roads. (The inter-commune road is about 14.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide); Tat Lang Internal road of the construction site: During the construction phase, 1 reservoir the contractor must establish suitable construction measures to take advantage of the embankment and the access roads to make internal construction roads; All roads are constructed with embankment soil K≥0.95, the road surface is 3.5m wide. Road for transporting of construction material: From the center of Viet Quang town to the site, using national highway QL 279 and inter-communal roads. (The inter-commune road is about 15.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide); Pu Tien Internal road of the construction site: During the construction phase, 2 Reservoir the contractor must establish suitable construction measures to take advantage of the embankment and the access roads to make internal construction roads; All roads are constructed with embankment soil K≥0.95, the road surface is 3.5m wide. Road for transporting of construction material: From the center of Viet Quang town to the site, using national highway QL 279 and inter-communal roads. (The inter-commune road is about 2.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide); Na Long Internal road of the construction site: During the construction phase, 3 reservoir the contractor must establish suitable construction measures to take advantage of the embankment and the access roads to make internal construction roads; All roads are constructed with embankment soil K≥0.95, the road surface is 3.5m wide. Road for transporting of construction material: From the center of Viet Quang town to the site, using national highway QL 279 and inter-communal roads. (The inter-commune road is about 2.3km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide); Kim Tien Internal road of the construction site: During the construction phase, 4 reservoir the contractor must establish suitable construction measures to take advantage of the embankment and the access roads to make internal construction roads; All roads are constructed with embankment soil K≥0.95, the road surface is 3.5m wide. Khu Vang Road for transporting of construction material: From the center of 5 Reservoir Viet Quang town to the site, using national highway QL 279 and 40 No. Reservoirs Construction routes used for construction inter-communal roads. (The inter-commune road is about 2.3km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide); Internal road of the construction site: During the construction phase, the contractor must establish suitable construction measures to take advantage of the embankment and the access roads to make internal construction roads; All roads are constructed with embankment soil K≥0.95, the road surface is 3.5m wide. 2.6. Planned activities before construction Prior to the construction, the topographic, hydraulic and meteorological surveys, exploration drilling, land marking, mines and explosives clearance will be undertaken. Within the subproject areas, vegetation including trees and crops will be cleared by affected households. Waste from the clearance process will be collected and transported to the communal disposal sites by the affected households. Included in the design of the five reservoirs, alternatives are considered, concerning risks and impacts associated with climate change on the performance of the construction items. Climate change study is presented in detail in the baseline conditions of the 05 reservoirs, serving as a basis for selecting the optimal design alternatives. Climate change in the subproject areas has largely caused changes to the rain pattern, leading to floods, landslides and droughts in the areas. 2.7. Material transportation planning Construction materials will be gathered on site, about 1 week prior to the start of the construction phase. The transportation of construction materials will be conducted in certain times to minimize and avoid causing negative impacts on agricultural farming activities and daily life of local people. Estimated numbers of workers by reservoirs and list of machinery and equipment are presented in detail above. 2.8. Operation and maintenance services Periodic monitoring of dam safety: after the reservoirs are filled with water and starting operation, the dam owner is responsible for dam safety monitoring, which is carried out by a qualified independent expert who does not participate in the investigation, design, construction or operation of the dam. Under normal operation, regular dam inspections, including safety inspections before and after the flood season every year, shall comply with requirements of Decree No. 114/2018/ND-CP dated 4 September 2018 by the Government on safety management of dams and reservoirs Upon completion of the work, the dam owner will be responsible for operation of the dam and the responsibility of the PPMU will end by then. Operation procedure of Reservoirs and valves: the dam owners shall establish a water regulating procedure of the reservoirs, guidelines and requirements on water storage and discharge under normal operation and in emergency situations. These procedures, guidelines will be submitted to the competent state management agencies for approval. The dam owners shall prepare and submit the operation procedures of the reservoirs and valves (hereinafter referred to as the operation of the work) to the competent authority for promulgation, in accordance with Decree No. 114/2018/ND-CP dated 4 September 2018 by the Government on the safety management of dams and water reservoirs. 41 2.9. Dam safety plan A dam safety report (DSR) will be prepared for the subproject. The objectives of the DSR is to present, analyze and make recommendations about: a) All conditions affecting the dam safety and additional facilities; b) impact from broken dams or auxiliaries works caused by extreme weather conditions, human errors or structural errors; and c) institutional framework (at the present time) and in the future needed to avoid or minimize adverse conditions for dam safety. After completing the review in the subproject screening stage, the CPMU under MARD should provide DSRs prepared for each subproject during the project implementation period and send them to the PoE (dam safety consultant team) and WB for review. The report must include findings and recommendations for any safety issues, necessary actions to be taken. Dam safety measures must be integrated into the design, construction and operation of the reservoirs. Review and analyze the dam structure safety: The review and evaluation of dam safety and related facilities will include, but are not limited to, the following: â–ª Review the documents on geological surveys and material resources. Note potential adverse effects that may occur due to known geological characteristics. Evaluate unforeseen conditions and remedial measures to align safety and operation issues of the dams and related facilities. â–ª Evaluate the suitability of dams and spillways, dam design including proposed foundation treatment measures, earthworks, load-bearing parameters of selected foundations, seepages and floating pressure control measures. Notice safety issues concerning unusual events or missing parts and suggest mitigation measures. â–ª Evaluate the stability and analyze safety factors under normal, abnormal and extreme loading conditions of the earth-filled and concrete dams, spillways, and other works, determine geological impact criteria. â–ª Consider the stability of the reservoirs, landslides, waves and their effects on dam stability; â–ª Consider hydrological calculation methods to determine flood level for the design if the subproject including reservoirs and spillways. Review the design of spillway including flow conditions, and energy dissipation tanks. Evaluate the discharge ability of the spillways in all designed flood levels without damaging the dam. â–ª Consider water intake and discharge works, including hydraulic design, emergent discharge capacity of the reservoir, and sedimentation process. â–ª Evaluate the design of spillways and control devices, including numbers and types of main gates and valves, lifting devices and other control mechanisms. Specially pay attention to the backup system for operation of the spillways with gates and flushing works when operational and electrical problems occur. â–ª Considering the designs of diversion works, construction progress, hydrology and risk factors related to providing water supply during construction, and cutting off water supply at the beginning of filling the reservoir. â–ª Considering the appropriateness of instrumentation, especially the tools or markers, required in forecasting serious or damaging hazards. â–ª Review the dam operation procedure, maintenance, and emergency response plan, including the evaluation of operational and maintenance factors for the subprojects related to dam safety and assess the capacity of the operators in terms of carrying out regular maintenance and inspection of works. â–ª Review and evaluate dam safety risks: In addition to ensuring dam structure safety, the subproject needs to assess the potential risks to the population and environment in the downstream area. Broken dams may not happen but when they do, they will cause severe damages. In this context, during the preparation of the subproject, as part of the DSR or ESMP, 42 the subproject investor needs to carry out an assessment of potential risks to the downstream population and environment. For large dams with high risks, data on topographic surveys and land use in the downstream areas should be collected during the preparation phase, to simulate a dam failure and downstream floods in different scenarios to prepare an emergency plan. Data collection from the upstream dams and / or watershed activities may also be necessary in some cases. Planning and implementing capacity building programs for the subprojects with pilot activities to promote active participation of local communities should be considered. Residential communities around the dam areas can participate in daily monitoring, protect the dams form destructive impacts from outside, and participate in simple maintenance services. A model with the involvement of local communities in dam safety protection activities should be considered. Sedimentation and pollution of the upstream water sources can result in severe impacts on river basins. The dam owners must commit to spending the budget on proper operation and management of the dams and periodic dam safety inspection. 2.10. Subproject implementation progress According to the feasibility study report of the subproject "Repair and improve the safety of the dam in Ha Giang province" with 05 additional reservoirs, the overall construction schedule of all the reservoirs is available, while construction progress for each reservoir is not yet available. The overall construction schedule for the 5 additional reservoirs is as follows Table 2. 11: Overall construction schedule for upgrading and repairing 05 reservoirs 2021 2022 Activities 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. Q Preparation phase Consultant mobilization Preparation of design and safeguard document Resettlement support, compensation, site clearance Construction phase Bidding for construction, preparation of site, materials, machinery and equipment Construction of 05 reservoirs Na Luong, Pu Tien, Tat Lang, Kim Tien, Khu Vang at the same time (6 months) Source: Feasibility Study Report for subproject “Ha Giang dam rehabilitation and safety improvementâ€? with 05 additional reservoirs Estimated construction periods of the main work items of Na Luong, Pu Tien, Tat Lang, Kim Tien, Khu Vang reservoirs will last in 6 months/reservoir. Construction of 05 reservoirs will be carried out at the same time to ensure the progress of the entire project. 43 CHAPTER 3: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK Vietnam's legal framework for social and environment protection and WB’s safeguard policies are applied for the subproject. 3.1.Vietnamese legal documents Laws: â–ª Law on Environmental Protection No.72/2020/QH13 approved by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 17/11/2020 and effective since January 1st 2022. â–ª Law on Environmental Protection No. 55/2014/QH13 promulgated by the National Assembly of Vietnam on June 23, 2014. â–ª Law No. 60/2020/QH14 promulgated June 17, 2020 amending and supplementing some articles of Law on Natural Disaster Prevention No.33/2013/QH13. â–ª Law No. 62/2020/QH14 promulgated June 17, 2020 amending and supplementing some articles of Law on Construction in 2020; â–ª Law on Labor No. 45/2019/QH14 promulgated November 20, 2019 effective since January 1, 2021 â–ª Law on Irrigation No. 08/2017/QH14 promulgated on June 19, 2017 and taking effect from July 1, 2018; â–ª Forest Law No. 16/2017/QH14 promulgated on November 15, 2017; â–ª Law on Labor Safety and Health No. 84/2015/QH13 promulgated on June 25, 2015; â–ª Law on Construction No. 50/2014/QH13 approved by the 7th National Assembly on June 18, 2014; â–ª Land Law No. 45/2013/QH13 of the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, passed on November 29, 2013, taking effect from July 1, 2014; â–ª Law on Cultural Heritage No. 10/VBHN-VPQH promulgated on July 23, 2013; â–ª Law on Plant Protection and Quarantine No. 41/2013/QH13 promulgated on November 25, 2013; â–ª Law on Water Resources No. 17/2012/QH13 promulgated by the National Assembly on June 21, 2012; â–ª Law on Complaints No. 02/2011/QH13 promulgated on 11/11/2011; â–ª Law on Road Traffic No. 23/2008/QH12 promulgated on November 13, 2008; â–ª Law on Biodiversity No. 20/2008/QH12 promulgated by the National Assembly on November 13, 2008; â–ª Law on Gender Equality No. 73/2006/QH11 promulgated November 29, 2006. Decrees: â–ª Decree No. 136/2020/ND-CP dated November 24, 2020 of the Government detailing several articles and measures to implement the Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting and the Law amending and supplementing several articles of the Law on Fire prevention and fighting; â–ª Decree No. 06/2020/ND-CP dated January 3, 2020 of the Government amending and supplementing article 17 of Decree No. 47/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government regulating on compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land; â–ª Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP dated May 13, 2019 of the Government amending and supplementing several articles of the decree detailing and guiding the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection; â–ª Decree No. 96/2019/ND-CP dated December 19, 2019 of the Government regulating the land price frame; 44 â–ª Decree No. 67/2018/ND-CP dated May 14, 2018 of the Government detailing several articles of the Law on Irrigation; â–ª Decree No. 66/2021/ND-CP dated July 6, 2021 of the Government detailing the implementation of several articles of the Law on natural disaster prevention and control and the Law amending and supplementing several articles of the Law on prevention and control of natural disasters and Law on Dyke. â–ª Decree No. 114/2018/ND-CP dated September 4, 2018 of the Government on dams and reservoirs safety management; â–ª Decree No. 129/2017/ND-CP dated November 16, 2017 of the Government regulating the management, use and exploitation of irrigation infrastructure assets; â–ª Decree No.155/2016/ND-CP dated 18/11/2016 of the Government, providing for the sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection. â–ª Decree No.38/2015/ND-CP dated 24/04/2015 promulgated by the Government on waste management and waste material; â–ª Decree No. 43/2015/ND-CP dated May 6, 2015 of the Government on Regulations on establishment and management of water source protection corridors â–ª Decree No. 06/2020/ND-CP dated January 03, 2020 of the Government amending, supplementing Article no. 17 of Decree No.47/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government providing for compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land. â–ª Decree No. 96/2019/ND-CP dated December 19,2019 of the Government of frame land price; â–ª Decree No. 201/2013/ND-CP dated November 27, 2013 of the Government detailing the implementation some articles of the Law on Water Resources; â–ª Decree No. 65/2010/ND-CP dated June 11, 2010 of the Government detailing and guiding the implementation some articles of the Law on Biodiversity. â–ª Resolution No. 128/NQ-CP of the Government promulgating the Regulations on Safe, Flexible Adaptation, and Effective Control of the COVID-19 Epidemic; â–ª Decision No. 4800/QD-BYT dated October 12, 2021 issuing temporary guidance on medical professionals to implement Resolution No. 128/NQ-CP. Circulars: â–ª Circular No. 10/2021/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2021 regulating on environmental monitoring technique and information, data management taking effect on August 16, 2021; â–ª Circular No. 149/2020/TT-BCA dated December 31, 2020 detailing several articles and measures to implement Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting and the Law amending and supplementing several articles of the Law on Fire Prevention and Control and Decree No. 136/2020/ND-CP dated November 24, 2020 of the Government detailing several articles and measures to implement Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting and the Law amending and supplementing several articles. of the Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting; â–ª Circular No. 25/2019/TT-BTNMT dated December 31, 2019 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment detailing the implementation of several articles of Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP dated May 13, 2019 of the Government amending and supplementing several articles of the decrees detailing and guiding the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection and regulations on management of environmental monitoring activities; â–ª Circular No. 07/VBHN-BXD of the Ministry of Construction dated March 16, 2020 regulating labor safety management in construction work. 45 â–ª Circular No. 05/2018/TT-BNNPTNT dated May 15, 2018 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development detailing several articles of the Law on Irrigation; â–ª Circular No. 76/2017/TT-BTNMT dated December 29, 2017 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment stipulating the assessment of wastewater receiving capacity of river and lake water sources; â–ª Circular No. 24/2017/TT-BTNMT dated September 1, 2017 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regulating the technical process of environmental monitoring; â–ª Circular No. 04/2017/TT-BXD dated 30/3/2017 of the Minister of Construction providing regulations on labor safety management in construction work; â–ª Circular No. 19/2016/TT-BYT dated June 30, 2016 guiding the management of occupational hygiene and workers' health; â–ª Circular No.36/2014/TT-BTNMT dated 30/06/2014 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, detailing methods of land valuation; building and adjusting the land price table, specific land prices and land pricing consultancy; â–ª Circular No.37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated 30/06/2014 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, providing detailed regulations on compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land; â–ª Circular No.30/2014/TT-BTNMT on land allocation, land lease, change of land use purpose, land acquisition; â–ª Circular No.36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30/06/2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on the management of hazardous waste. â–ª Circular No. 121/2012/TT-BQP dated 12/11/2012 of the Ministry of National Defense on promulgating QCVN 01:2012/BQP, national technical regulations on demining, mines and explosives Environmental standards and technical guidelines â–ª QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water; â–ª QCVN 09-MT 2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on groundwater; â–ª QCVN 01: 2009/BYT: National technical regulation on drinking water quality; â–ª QCVN 02: 2009/BYT: National technical regulation on living water quality; â–ª QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater; â–ª QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial wastewater; â–ª QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise; â–ª QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT: Technical regulation on vibration; â–ª QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the quality of the air environment; â–ª QCVN 43: 2012/BTNMT: National technical regulation on sediment quality; â–ª TCVN 6696:2009: solid waste, sanitary landfill. General requirements for environmental protection; â–ª QCVN 01:2012/BQP: National technical regulations on demining, mines and explosives â–ª QCVN 07: 2009/BTNM: National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds; â–ª National Technical Regulations QCVN 27:2016/BYT About Vibration - Allowed values at work; â–ª National Technical Regulations QCVN 24:2016/BYT about Noise - Noise exposure allowed at work. Legal documents, decisions of competent authorities on the subproject 46 â–ª Decision No.4638/QD-BNN-HTQT dated 09/11/2015 of MARD on "Approval of Feasibility Study Report of WB-funded Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement Project WB8; â–ª Decision No. 7518 / BNN-TCTL dated September 6, 2016 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development approving the list proposed by the Ha Giang Provincial People's Committee for the adjustment of Ha Giang subproject dam rehabilitation and safety improvement (WB8); â–ª Decision No. 1624 / UBND-NNTNMT dated December 24, 2017 of the Ha Giang PPC on the establishment of the Management Board for investment projects on construction of agricultural works and rural development; â–ª Decision No. 1652/QD-UBND dated 11/8/2021 of Ha Giang Provincial People's Committee approving adjustment and supplement of construction investment subproject: Ha Giang Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement (WB8). Compliance in implementing environmental and social impact assessments: The environmental and social impact assessment of the subproject will be carried out in accordance with the WB and GoV's environmental assessment procedures. Specifically, the environmental and social impact assessment of the subproject will have to comply with the social and environmental management framework of the project reviewed and approved by the WB. Environmental and social screening will be carried out for each subproject to determine the appropriate scope and type of environmental assessment. On that basis, the TOR will be prepared for environmental and social impact assessments in accordance with the scale of subprojects and potential impacts identified from the implementation of the subproject. Environmental and social screening will be carried out by WB's safeguard policy experts. TORs for environmental and social impact assessments will also be reviewed and approved by the WB's safety experts before conducting environmental and social impact assessments. During the environmental and social impact assessment, consultations with affected people and local NGOs need to be done. The ESIA will be made public in communities where the subproject is implemented so that affected people and local NGOs can easily access to the report. The English version of the ESIA will be published on the WB’s website prior to the appraisal of the subproject. 3.2. Safeguard policy of the WB 3.2.1. Project level The objective of The WB’s policies is to prevent and minimize impacts on people and environment during the implementation process. The safeguard policies provide basis for stakeholders to participate in the project design process and act as an important tool for building ownership among local people. The effectiveness and development of the WB’s projects and programs has been increasing significantly as a result of compliance with these policies. The WB's safeguard policies are available on the website at http://web.worldbank.org, where the environmental protection policies are published. An environmental and social screening of the Project was undertaken in line with the OP 4.01 and it showed that the following WB's safeguard policies have been triggered: Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04), Pest management (OP 4.09), Indigenous peoples (OP/BP 4.10), Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11), Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12), Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) and Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50). The Project has been classified as Category B. In addition, the WB’s requirements on public consultation and information disclosure will be followed. 47 3.2.2. Subproject level The Project has been classified as Category B and the following WB's safeguard policies have been triggered: Environmental safeguard policies: â–ª OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment. â–ª OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams â–ª OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources Social safeguard policies: â–ª OP/BP 4.10 Indigenous peoples â–ª OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary resettlement OP/BP 4.01 Environmental assessment This policy is considered important throughout the process of identifying, preventing and mitigating potentially negative environmental and social impacts associated with WB’s lending activities. The WB’s purpose of environmental assessment is to improve decision making, ensuring that project options are reviewed and sustainable and that those who are likely to be affected are consulted. The borrowers are responsible for performing environmental assessment (EA) and the WB advises its clients based on these requirements. It classifies proposed projects into four construction items, depending on type, location, sensitivity, scale of projects, and nature and extent of potential environmental impacts, including A, B, C and FI projects. This subproject activates OP 4.01 as it relates to the construction and operation of reservoirs, such activities will have a potential negative impact on the society and environment. Based on environmental screening results, the subproject is classified as environmental B. According to OP 4.01 and Gov’s Environmental Assessment, the subproject has prepared an ESIA in compliance with the Environmental and Social Management Framework to meet national regulations and WB’s safety requirements. After review and approval, the subproject's ESIA report will be publicly announced to the local communities in the subproject areas to ensure that the affected people and local NGOs can easily access and through the WB website. OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams This policy is activated for the project due to the dam safety associated with socio-economic and environmental development. With loans from the WB for construction of new dams, borrowers must prepare dam safety policies based on views from experienced and responsible experts in charge of design and construction supervision. The borrowers will implement the dam safety measures throughout the project cycle. This policy also applies to the rehabilitation and improvement of existing dams which affect the performance of the project. In this case, dam safety assessment should be undertaken and additional dam safety measures should be proposed. OP 4.37 recommends that, in appropriate circumstances, the WB staff will discuss necessary measures with clients to strengthen institutional, legal and regulatory frameworks for dam safety programs. OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary resettlement The Involuntary Resettlement policy seeks to prevent severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damages to affected peoples during involuntary resettlement. OP 4.12 is applied regardless that affected households have to relocate or not. The WB describes all these processes and outcomes as “involuntary resettlement,â€? or simply resettlement, even when people are not forced to move. Resettlement is involuntary when the 48 government has the right to expropriate land or other assets and when affected people do not have the option to retain their current livelihood situation. This policy is triggered because the subproject will involve land acquisition and cause loss of structures and assets associated with acquired land. The Resettlement Policy Framework (RFP) has been prepared and included in ESMF. By appraisal, the subproject has prepared Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) based on this RFP. The RAP includes measures to ensure that displaced people are: (i) informed about resettlement options; (ii) consulted and offered alternatives of resettlement; and (iii) provided with effective compensation and livelihood restoration. About land acquisition of the subproject: the total land acquisition for the subproject is 615 m2 (including 471m2 of annual crops, 89m2 of gardens and 55m2 of production forests). Of this, the temporarily acquired land is 14,750 m2 (agricultural land along the access routes and near the works used for warehouses, storage yards, workers’ camps and temporary infrastructure such as parking lots, material storage and transportation routes during construction). There are no households with affected residential land, or relocated households. The compensation, support and resettlement of the subproject will be managed and supervised by the Project management unit for agricultural works investment and rural development in Ha Giang province and implemented by the Land Development Center of the districts, or the District Land Clearance Boards. During the resettlement process, the members of the Compensation and Land Clearance Council of the districts will work closely together and implementing organizations will coordinate with local authorities, subproject communities to ensure compensation, support and resettlement implemented publicly, transparently and on schedule, in accordance with the approved RAP. OP 4.10 Indigenous peoples The policy states that ethnic minorities can be defined in particular geographical areas, with the following characteristics: â–ª Identify themselves as members of a distinct indigenous culture group and be recognized for this feature by others. â–ª Gather in a differently geographic or territorial habitat inherited from their ancestors and attach to such natural habitats and territories. â–ª Cultural, economic, social or political institutions are traditionally different from the majority of cultures and societies. â–ª Native languages are often different from official languages of such regions. The conditions for approving an investment project: OP 4.10 requires the borrower to undertake consultations and disclose information to ethnic minorities possibly affected by the project and to establish a broad community support model for its subprojects and objectives. A project financed by WB shall consider (a) avoiding potentially negative impacts on ethnic minority communities; or (b) when avoiding is not feasible, measures should be proposed to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for impacts. This policy is applied because in the subproject area, there are 90% of ethnic minorities (Tay, Nung, Dao); particularly there are 5 ethnic minority households affected by the acquisition of agricultural land. The ethnic minority communities are benefited in 4 communes. OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources Physical cultural resources (PCR) policy to ensure that projects have identified and inventoried cultural assets potentially affected by project implementation. PCR includes: fixed or mobile 49 objects, areas, structures, groups of works, natural and landscape features of archaeological, geological, paleontological, and archaeological importance, historical structure, belief or other cultural significance. The project must prepare mitigation measures when there is a negative impact on physical cultural resources. The subproject includes a number of earthworks and earthmoving activities, deep excavation activities that can find artifacts, underground physical cultural resources, so this policy has been triggered. Chance finding procedures have been outlined in ESMP/ECOP and will be followed during construction. WBG’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines The Guideline to the Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) by the WB Group (WBG)/International Finance Corporation (IFC) was published in 2008. This is an important guideline for environmental protection and health protection and safety in the industrial development projects and in other projects. It sets out objectives to be achieved and measures to be taken to deliver best results at reasonable cost. It can be accessed at website: http://www.ifc.org. WB’s policy on access to information In addition to the environmental safeguard policies to promote the transparency and the accountability, the WB issued the information access policy, regarding the proposed safeguard measures. This policy supports borrowers in decision-making by allowing borrowers to access information relating to social and environmental aspects of projects in the website in native language. The WB ensures that relevant environmental and social protection documents related to the project as well as the preparation procedures related to subprojects are introduced in a timely manner prior to the appraisal. The WB’s information access policy requires disclosure of information in both English and Vietnamese languages and meets the WB’s standards. Table 3. 1: A summary of the WB and GoV regulations on environmental assessment The stages of WB (Regulations about OP/BP Vietnam the 4.01 on Environmental (Regulations in Decree environmental Assessment) 18/2015/ND-CP, Decree assessment 40/2019/NÄ?-CP, Circular process 25/2019/TT-BTNMT) Screening Category (A, B, C, FI) Appendix II of Decree Not required for each specific case in 40/2019/ND-CP. order to classify, apply safeguard Regulations and requirements policies and identify environmental in Annexes I, II and III- List assessment tool (EA). of projects required for SEA The WB will classify a proposed and EIA report submission project into one of four categories and approval. including A, B, C, or FI depending on All projects are not listed. the type, location, sensitivity and scale Normally, the project owner of the project and the nature, the categorizes the project based importance of its potential on the classification stated in environmental impacts. Decree 40/2019/ND-CP and â–ª Category A: Request for full consults with the Department Environmental Impact of Natural Resources and Assessment. In some cases, Environment (DONRE) or ESMF is also required. the Vietnam Department of 50 The stages of WB (Regulations about OP/BP Vietnam the 4.01 on Environmental (Regulations in Decree environmental Assessment) 18/2015/ND-CP, Decree assessment 40/2019/NÄ?-CP, Circular process 25/2019/TT-BTNMT) â–ª Category B: ESIA, ESMF or Environment (VEA) for ESMP is required. In most cases, appropriate classification and it requires ESMF and/or ESMP. EIA reporting requirements â–ª Category C: without EA. of the project, such as: â–ª Category FI: ESMF is the most Projects included in Section popular used tool. In the case of 30 of Appendix II: no EIA several subprojects that have required, only Environmental been identified before the Protection Plan (EPP) appraisal, the FI will prepare preparation is required. specific tools based on the framework, e.g. ESIA or ESMP Environmental Depending on the impact of the EMP tool is determined based assessment tool project, a range of tools are used to on the form No. 02, Appendix meet the WB's requirements, VII of Decree 40/2019/ND- including: ESMF; specific CP environmental assessment; ESMP, Regional and sectoral EA; Risk or hazard assessment; Environmental audit. The WB provides general guidelines for implementing each tool. Scope of The WB supports borrowers to draft TOR for EPP is not required. environmental TOR for the EA and determines the Normally, after consultation assessment EA scope, procedures, timeline and with the local DoNRE or outline of the EA report, etc. VEA about the type of EPP, For Category A projects, an ESIA the project investor will TOR is required, identification of prepare an EPP report. scope and consultants will be taken place to prepare TOR for the environmental assessment report. Community During the EA process, the borrower The project investor is consultation must consult with affected groups and responsible for consulting local NGOs on the environmental with the People's Committee aspects of the project and focus their of the commune, ward or views. township (hereinafter referred For Category A projects, the to as the commune) where the Borrower shall consult these groups at project is being implemented, least twice: (a) immediately after the with organizations or environmental inspection and before communities under direct the EA TOR is completed; and (b) impact of the project; once a draft EA report has been Research and receive prepared. In addition, borrowers objective opinions and consult with these groups throughout reasonable requests from the project implementation process as relevant agencies to minimize the negative impacts of the 51 The stages of WB (Regulations about OP/BP Vietnam the 4.01 on Environmental (Regulations in Decree environmental Assessment) 18/2015/ND-CP, Decree assessment 40/2019/NÄ?-CP, Circular process 25/2019/TT-BTNMT) needed to address issues related to EA project on the natural affecting them, etc. environment, biodiversity For Category B projects, there should and public health. be at least one public consultation. Commune People's For meaningful consultations, the Committees where the project borrower provided relevant project is implemented and organized documents in a timely manner prior to under the direct impact of the consultation in a form and language project will be consulted. The that the group could understand and project investor is responsible be accessible to. for submitting the EPP report The minutes of the public meeting are to the people's committee of included in the report. the commune where the project was implemented and organized under the direct impact of the project and attached a written request for comment. Within 15 working days from the date on which the EIA reports are received, CPCs and organizations under the direct impact of the project are obliged to submit their responses if they do not approve the project. The community consultation on the direct impact of the project is carried out in the form of community meetings co-chaired by the investor and CPC where the project is implemented together with the representatives of Vietnam Fatherland Front, socio-political organizations, socio-professional organizations, quarters, villages / hamlets of the CPC. All opinions of participants in the meeting must be fully and truthfully presented in the minutes of the meeting. 52 The stages of WB (Regulations about OP/BP Vietnam the 4.01 on Environmental (Regulations in Decree environmental Assessment) 18/2015/ND-CP, Decree assessment 40/2019/NÄ?-CP, Circular process 25/2019/TT-BTNMT) Information Before the WB appraise the project, After the EIA report is disclosure the EA report must be disclosed in approved, the project investor public in a way that is easily is responsible for preparing, accessible to project-affected groups approving and publicly and local NGOs. Once the WB has disclosing their EMP at the officially received the report, the WB local CPC office, regarding to will publish the report in English to consultation with the the public via posting on the Bank's community in order for them website to inform, inspect, monitor. Independent For Category A projects, the borrower Not regulated in Vietnam environmental retains independent EA experts who policy. expert have no contact with the project to The project owner must hire a implement EA. consulting unit. Having a For high-risk or multi-dimensional laboratory and testing environmental concerns category A equipment certified for projects, the borrower will also hire a measurement, sampling, consultation team with qualified processing and analyzing independent environmental experts to environmental samples for consult on aspects of the EA-related environmental impact project. assessment of the project; In Experts / consultation firms will be case there is no laboratory, or selected through a bidding process the sampling and analyzing under the close supervision of the WB equipment do not meet the requirements, there must be a contract with a qualified unit. EA review / The Bank reviews findings and The MONRE shall appraise Approval recommendations of EA to determine and approve EIA reports on Process whether they provide sufficient projects specified in grounds to process the project funded Appendix III to this Decree, by the Bank. When the borrower has except for projects with fully completed or completed part of defense and security contents. the environmental assessment work Ministries and ministerial- before the Bank participates in a level agencies shall appraise project, the Bank will consider the and approve EIA reports on environmental assessment to ensure projects under their its consistency with this policy. The competence for investment Bank may, where appropriate, request approval, except for projects additional environmental included in Appendix III to assessments, including public this Decree consultation and disclosure. PPC conducts appraisal and approval of EIA reports for projects in the province, except for the projects mentioned above. The appraisal process will take place at least 45 working 53 The stages of WB (Regulations about OP/BP Vietnam the 4.01 on Environmental (Regulations in Decree environmental Assessment) 18/2015/ND-CP, Decree assessment 40/2019/NÄ?-CP, Circular process 25/2019/TT-BTNMT) days at MONRE level and 5 working days at DoNRE level and 5 working days at district level after receiving EA or full EPP The number and Number of copies not specified. The project owner must language of the Language requirements: English and submit at least seven copies of EA / EIA needed Vietnamese. EA reports in EIA reports (depending on to be evaluated Vietnamese are required for the the number of members of the information disclosure in the country review council) and one and must be in English for publication feasibility study or technical on the WB website. report of the proposed project. Content of the For Category A projects, the contents The contents of the EA report EA report of the EA report are in Appendix B of must be in line with Decree OP4.01. 40/2019/ND-CP and Circular The scope of EA for Category B 25/2019/TT-BTNMT. projects may vary by project, but EA's scope is narrower than that of Category A projects. ESMP is an integral part of type A projects’ EA (regardless of other tools used). EA for Category B projects may also be an Environmental and Social Management Plan (EMP) with the content set out in Annex C of OP 4.01. Monitoring EA During the implementation of the The local DoNRE is entrusted project, the WB supervises the with supervising the implementation of the environmental environmental compliance of aspects on the basis of environmental the project. regulations and the project borrower At the end of the project arranges the report in the loan construction phase, the agreement and describes in other Environmental Management project documents, to determine Agency will coordinate with whether the compliance of the the Construction borrower's Environmental Procedures Management Agencies to (mainly with EMP) is satisfactory. If monitor the compliance of the compliance fails, the WB will discuss environmental management it with the borrower to ensure activities identified in the EA. compliance 54 CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE SUBPROJECT AREA 4.1. Environmental conditions 4.1.1. Geological and geographical conditions 4.1.1.1. Topography The subproject is located in 04 communes of Vi Xuyen and Bac Quang Districts. Basically Ha Giang terrain can be divided into 3 ecological zones. The subproject districts (Vi Xuyen district to Bac Quang) are largely in region III: which are a lowland areas including areas. In these areas, the mother stone is mainly chalcedony, Feralit soil is yellow to reddish brown yellow, yellowish gray. The soil layer thickness is from 0.8 m to over 2.0 m. The topography is mostly low and sloping, forming about at least 50ha of agricultural areas. This area has old forest stripes intermingled with relatively flat valleys located along rivers and streams 4.1.1.2. Geography The subproject is located in the Southern part of Ha Giang province. The Lo river valley has undergone a deposition process, creating a medium to heavy alluvium geological layers. The weathering process together with mountainous terrains have created MiCa and MiCa Gonai schists. After the drilling process for the geographic survey and testing at the laboratory, the geology within the project area, from the top is described below: â–ª Layer 1: Filling soil, composed of clay mixed with gravel and rock fragments in hard plastic state. The soil is from the neighboring hills. This layer is distributed mainly in the main dam body and a part of spillway and sluice shoulder. The layer has an average thickness of 4.3-4.5m. â–ª Layer 1a: It is an embankment layer, composed of clay mixed with gravel and rock fragments of yellow-gray, red-brown color, in a soft plastic state, with a maximum thickness of up to 1.5m. The soil is from the neighboring hills. The lenticular layer 1a lies below the layer 1 in the water-saturated zone. â–ª Grade 1b: The concrete layer in the foundation and overflow body and culvert. This layer is for illustrative purposes only and will be replaced upon repair. â–ª Layer 2: The completely weathered zone of powdered shale, clay consolidating into clay, hard plastic state. This layer appears at the dam foundation and upstream of the sluice, the spillway in the form of strips according to the natural topographic surface. â–ª Layer 3: The completely weathered zone of powder shale, clay, in a semi-hard state. It origins from ruins. Layer 3 is present in most of the dam, culvert and spillway with the thickness of at least 3.0 m. â–ª Layer 3a: It is a weathered layer from bedrock, which is pulverized rock, into yellow- brown, red-brown clay mixed with remnants of weathering and grit, in a hard state. In situ weathering. Layer 3a is present mainly on the right shoulder of the dam and the sewer line with the thickness not yet fully controlled (>3.0m). Comments on geological topographic conditions â–ª Geological conditions: The planned construction area is mainly located on medium to good soil layers in terms of engineering geology, this is a favorable condition for construction. â–ª Hydrogeological conditions: The problem of seepage has occurred at the dam foundation, carrying culverts and spillway (at Na Luong and Khu Vang reservoirs), in 55 addition, the soil and rock layers here have low to moderate permeability, which needs to be treated with waterproofing drilling for this invested items. 4.1.2. Climate and meteorology The climate of the two districts (Vi Xuyen and Bac Quang) is characterized by tropical monsoon climate. The climate is divided into two distinct seasons: a cold and dry winter with little rain and a hot and humid summer with a lot of rain. The winter season is from November to April of the following year, mainly influenced by the continental cold air mass from the Siberian. Rain in the winter is largely drizzle and light rain that lasts for many days, contributing into an increasing humidity in the dry season. Summer lasts between May and October, mainly influenced by the Southwest and Southeast circulation. In the transition period between the two seasons, effects of the northeast monsoon have significantly weakened. In the middle of summer, weather hazards occur such as thunderstorms, vortexes, low pressures, storms, tropical convergence bands, causing strong fluctuations in the hydrological regime. As a result, from having no rain in a long period, intense radiation causes droughts. On the contrary, heavy rain in the wet season causes floods. 1. Rainfall The subproject area has two distinct seasons: wet season from May to September and dry season from November to March. Transition period between these two seasons is between October and April. Rainfall is unevenly distributed through the year, with the largest proportion of rainfall in the wet season. There is little rain in the dry season, but heavy rain usually occurs in April and October, causing floods. Vinh Tuy hydrological station is located near the subproject. This station provides the water level data monitored at Lo River and rainfall monitoring data since 1961. During the monitoring period, monitoring data might be lost for some months. Given the long-term monitoring period at the Vinh Tuy hydrological station, it is recommended to be used for calculating rainfall and predicting floods in the subproject area. From the rain monitoring data of Vinh Tuy station, rainfall by months is calculated for the subproject area and it is presented below. Table 4. 1: Rainfall by months monitored at Vinh Tuy hydrological station Months Items I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII year Rainf 31. 28. 56. 232. 289. 343. 358. 230. 112. 49. 24. 1873 all 114 5 3 8 7 9 9 9 7 7 3 8 .5 (mm) 65. 86. 73. 190. 220. 198. 268. 183. 166. 96. 66. 268. Max 106 7 0 7 0 6 8 0 0 0 7 5 0 201 200 199 199 200 196 198 198 196 200 200 200 Year 1984 0 1 6 9 2 6 0 4 6 0 4 2 Source: Ha Giang statistical yearbook, 2019 Table 4. 2: Rainfall characteristics XP% (mm) Xo Cv Cs (mm) 15% 25% 50% 75% 85% 90% 95% 1873.5 0.12 0.54 2112.9 2012.0 1853.7 1713.0 1644.2 1601.0 1542.1 Source: Ha Giang statistical yearbook, 2019 56 The rainfall monitoring data from Vinh Tuy station shows that rainfall is dependent of topography and it increases with an increasing topographic elevation. To calculate the average rainfall for the Trung reservoir, the isotropic method is used to process monitoring data provided by the Vinh Tuy station. The annual rainfall is oval map is prepared based on the monitoring data until 2006, with reference to the Vietnam hydro-meteorological ATLAS and the 42A State Science Advancement Program. When combining the rainfall monitoring data from Vinh Tuy station with the isotropic map of rainfall, it is recommended to choose the average rainfall in the project area to be Xo = 2000mm. According to annual rainfall data, the construction period of the project from January to June 2022 is quite suitable, because these months have the lowest rainfall of the year, limiting the impact of rainwater swiping sediment and dirt entering the surrounding surface water, and is convenient for construction work. The construction time is also not in the rainy season, which will limit the impact of landslides in the area of the material yard, waste dump, and the hillsides around the construction area, and will not cause unsafety for the works and the construction workers on the construction site. 2. Evaporation The average annual evaporation using Piche tube observed in the subproject area is 834.3mm. High evaporation usually occurs in April, May and June, while the lowest evaporation often happens in January and February. The evaporation data monitored using Piche tube are provided by Ha Giang Station. Evaporation by months for the subproject area is presented in the table below. Table 4. 3: Evaporation by months in the subproject area Month Item VII s I II III IV V VI VII IX X XI XII year I Zp 47. 52. 69. 83. 97. 76. 70. 76. 73. 61. 53. 834. (mm 71.9 8 0 9 3 9 0 5 3 4 5 8 3 ) 12. 13. 35. 14. 16. 13. max 6.9 6.7 9.2 8.5 7.8 8.8 35.4 4 4 4 2 9 7 min 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 Source: Ha Giang statistical yearbook, 2019 3. Wind speed The study area is affected by the monsoon regime, consisting of two distinct wind seasons: Northeast and Southwest monsoon. The prevailing wind directions include the southeast and southwest directions between May and September in the summer, and the east and northeast direction between October and April in the winter season. The average annual wind speed is about 0.9m/s. Table 4. 4: Wind speeds by months in the subproject area Month I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII year Vtb (m/s) 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 Vmax (m/s) 12 20 20 20 30 30 20 25 25 20 20 14 30 Source: Ha Giang statistical yearbook, 2019 57 According to the hydro-meteorological data of Ha Giang province in 2019, the calculated maximum wind speeds in all directions are shown in the table below. Table 4. 5: Calculated wind speeds in main directions VmaxP% (m/s) No. Wind direction Vmax (m/s) Cv Cs 2% 4% 25% 50% 1 North (N) 9.5 0.64 1.60 26.4 22.6 12.3 8.0 2 North East (NE) 13.2 0.42 1.05 27.4 24.6 16.2 12.3 3 East (E) 9.3 0.47 0.94 20.3 18.2 11.8 8.6 4 South east (SE) 10.6 0.39 0.78 20.7 18.8 13.0 10.0 5 South (S) 9.8 0.40 0.80 19.5 17.7 12.1 9.3 6 South west (SW) 10,3 0,46 0,92 22,2 19,9 13,0 9,6 7 West (W) 11,0 0,55 1,10 26,6 23,4 14,2 9,9 8 North west (NW) 10,8 0,60 1,20 27,8 24,2 14,1 9,5 The prevailing wind direction during construction phase is the northeast wind, with an average speed of about 0.9 m/s. Based on this data, the construction units can arrange suitable storage yards for construction materials (sand, cement, etc.) to limit the wind carrying materials causing dust to the construction site, affecting workers, and local people. 4. Temperature The subproject is located in the midland area of Ha Giang province so the average temperature is not high. According to the temperature monitoring data from Bac Quang station, the average annual temperature is about 22.9oC. The average, maximum and minimum temperature by months are presented in table below. Table 4. 6: Average, maximum and minimum temperature by months Months I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Year T average 15,7 17,3 20,3 24,0 26,6 27,7 27,8 27,6 26,5 23,9 20,3 16,9 22,9 (°C) T max (°C) 31,6 34,7 36,2 38,0 40,4 38,7 38,5 38,4 37,2 35,8 33,6 31,6 40,4 T min (°C) 0,3 4,9 6,0 12,1 16,1 14,8 13,2 20,1 15,0 9,9 6,1 0,9 0,3 During the construction period from January to June, there is a large fluctuation in temperature between January - February and May-June. Construction contractors will monitor to arrange construction plans, plans to organize activities for workers in accordance with weather conditions. In the months with high outdoor temperature such as May-June, it is necessary to have appropriate labor protection such as hats, sunscreen, ensure adequate and hygienic drinking water for workers to be able to work effectively under the hot weather conditions. 5. Relative Humidity The humidity in the subproject area lightly varies through the year. According to the humidity monitoring data from Bac Quang Station, the highest average relative humidity (88%) falls in January, due to the influence of drizzle. The lowest relative humidity occurs in May, with an average monthly humidity of 84%. The average relative air humidity by months in the subproject areas is as follows: Table 4. 7: Relative humidity by months in the subproject area Month I II III IV V VI VII VIII I X X XI XII Year 58 U average 88 87 86 86 84 86 87 86 86 86 85 86 86 (%) U min(%) 18 34 15 29 28 28 39 39 33 22 27 26 15 In January and February, the humidity is relatively high, there is a lot of drizzle, it is very suitable to organize leveling and removing of organic soil because high humidity will make the soil soft and easy to level, drizzle will reduce the impact of dust to the surroundings. 6. Sunshine hours The annual sunshine hours in the subproject area can reach 1348.7 hours, with an average monthly sunshine hours of 110 hours/month (approximately 3.5 hours/day). According to monitoring data, the number of days with high sunshine hours is 11.9 days. The sunshine hours by months through the year is shown in the following table: Table 4. 8: Monthly sunshine hours in the subproject area Month I II III IV V VI VII VIII I X X XI XII Year S average 51.1 55.0 58.1 103.0 150.6 139.3 149.7 168.5 158.4 125.2 110.9 78.8 1348.7 (hours) S max 8.2 9.2 9.7 11.5 11.4 11.5 11.9 11.5 11.3 10.4 9.4 8.5 11.9 (hours) The number of sunshine hours from January to June is relatively low in the year, especially from January to April, which limits construction activities when light is needed to facilitate workers' activities, fast drying of concrete and foundation pits. On that basis, the construction contractor will arrange more electrical equipment to create light when necessary or take construction measures suitable to the lack of sunlight. 7. Extreme weather phenomena Thunderstorms, whirlwinds and hail: Ha Giang province has experienced a lot of thunderstorms, followed with heavy rain. There are about 90-100 thunderstorms per year. In the areas with moderate to little rain, thunderstorms occur less often, with an average of 60-65 thunderstorms per year. Thunderstorms occur more often in the wet season, particularly between June and August with about 17-20 days/month with a lot of rain, and about 12-14 days/month in areas with moderate and low rainfall. Hail occurs with a low frequency of about 0.2-0.3 days, usually between February and May. In some places, hail can appear in June, November, December and January. In the mountainous regions with an average to high elevations, hail occurs more often, about 1-2 days/year in March to May, August and November. Fog occurs in most parts of the province. On average, there is less than 1 day of hoarfrost in July, January and March in lowland areas (below 600m). In the high mountainous areas (1,400m), hoarfrost occurs more often, with an average of 6.6 days per year between November through March. Fog does not appear much in Ha Giang, with an average of 20-50 days/year. Fog appears through the year, most often in the autumn-winter period (September through January), with about 2-9 days/month depending on the location. The average number of drizzles is 3-20 days per year in the lowlands (below 600m), and about 40-50 days per year in the high mountains. Drizzle occurs most in the period of December to April, with about 1-20 days/month depending on the location. 59 Number of hot and dry days: on average, there are about 10-30 days per year with hot and dry weather in the lowlands (below 300m). Dry heat occurs more often in the summer (May through August), with about 2-7 days/month. Ha Giang Province is not directly but indirectly affected by storms so it experiences heavy rain, floods, flash floods. On average, there are 1-2 storms per year in the Northeast region, affecting the health of the local and agricultural production. Storms usually appear in the period from June to September, with about 0.4-0.6 storms/year. Unusual weather patterns such as thunderstorms, hail, drizzle, hoarfrost, hot will affect the construction progress and cause risks to the construction process (labor accidents, fire and explosion, landslides, difficult material transportation, etc.). So information about unusual weather patterns occurring in Ha Giang province will help investors and construction contractors to select suitable construction plan, construction schedule to minimize the above risks and ensure the construction progress. 4.1.3. Hydrological conditions 4.1.3.1.Hydrological Stations In Ha Giang province, there are 6 hydrological stations. Of these, 4 stations are located in the study area. Table 4. 9: List of hydrological stations in Ha Giang Province Commune, River Measure time Measurement Data collected NO Stations Y X district Begin Finish parameter Begin Finish Dao Dao Duc - 1 Lo 22o47' 104o59' 1973 - Q, H 1973 2015 Duc Vi Xuyen Bac Tan Quang - 2 Lo 22o29' 104o52' 1959 - H Quang Bac Quang Vinh Vinh Tuy - 3 Lo 22o16' 104o53' 1966 - H Tuy Bac Quang Ngoi Bang Hanh - Ngoi o 4 22 27' 104o58' 1961 1976 Q, H 1960 1976 Sao Bac Quang Sao Source: Hydro-meteorological Station of Ha Giang Province Currently, hydrological stations are managed and monitored by the National Hydro- meteorological Center in a very clear and rigorous process, providing good quality data for computational studies. The hydrological characteristics of 05 reservoirs below: For reservoirs with water, the hydrological characteristics include: Standard flow (average of many years), annual flow and distribution of annual flow and flood flow. The average flow to 05 lakes is as follows: Table 4. 10: Average annual discharge at dams Reservoirs FLV (km2) W0 (tr.m3) Q0 (m3/s) M0 (l/s.km2) Tat Lang reservoir 0.84 1.401 0.044 53.0 Pu Tien reservoir 0.27 0.551 0.017 64.8 Na Luong reservoir 1.09 2.377 0.075 69.2 Kim Tien reservoir 2.48 5.059 0.161 64.8 Khu Vang reservoir 0.19 0.309 0.010 51.6 60 Source: Basic design report, 2021 Where: + Flv: The catchment area of the reservoir; + Wo: Total average flow in many years; + Qo: Average flow rate; + Mo: Flow modulus of five basins to be calculated Table 4. 11: Statistical characteristics of the designed flow rate Statistical characteristics Q75% Reservoirs 3 QTB (m /s) CV CS (m3/s) Tat Lang reservoir 0.044 0.31 0.62 0.035 Pu Tien reservoir 0.017 0.30 0.59 0.014 Na Luong reservoir 0.075 0.28 0.55 0.061 Kim Tien reservoir 0.161 0.27 0.55 0.129 Khu Vang reservoir 0.010 0.24 0.49 0.008 Source: Basic design report, 2021 Where: QTB: Average annual flow Cv: Variable coefficient of the calculated basin Cs: Coefficient of difference (Cs = 2Cv) Q75%: Flow according to design frequency 75% The monthly flow distribution to the dams with the design frequency (P = 75%) is calculated according to the average flow distribution model of Ngoi Sao station. Combined with the data of the hydrological survey for the project (February 23-26, 2021). The results are presented below. Table 4. 12: Distribution of designed flow rate (P=75%) Works I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII year Tat Lang reservoir Q (m3/s) 0.012 0.011 0.007 0,010 0.026 0.063 0.098 0.074 0.049 0.034 0.017 0.013 0.035 W (106m3) 0.031 0.026 0.020 0,025 0.070 0.164 0.263 0.198 0.127 0.092 0.044 0.036 1.095 Pu Tien reservoir Q (m3/s) 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.010 0.025 0.039 0.029 0.020 0.014 0.007 0.005 0.014 6 3 W (10 m ) 0.012 0.010 0.008 0.010 0.028 0.066 0.105 0.079 0.051 0.037 0.017 0.014 0.437 Na Luong reservoir Q (m3/s) 0.020 0.019 0.013 0.017 0.046 0.111 0.172 0.129 0.086 0.060 0.030 0.024 0.061 W (106m3) 0.055 0.045 0.035 0.043 0.123 0.288 0.461 0.346 0.222 0.161 0.077 0.063 1.919 Kim Tien reservoir Q (m3/s) 0.044 0.040 0.028 0.036 0.098 0.238 0.367 0.276 0.183 0.129 0.063 0.050 0.129 61 W (106m3) 0.117 0.096 0.074 0.092 0.262 0.616 0.984 0.740 0.475 0.345 0.164 0.135 4.099 Khu Vang reservoir Q (m3/s) 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.020 0.018 0.012 0.008 0.005 0.006 0.008 6 3 W (10 m ) 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.015 0.032 0.054 0.048 0.031 0.022 0.013 0.016 0.257 Source: Basic design report, 2021 Where: P: Design frequency, taken according to Article 10 TCVN 4054:2005 and Article 9 TCVN 5729:2012; Q: Flow rate to the work; W: Total flow For the construction diversion, it is necessary to calculate the maximum flow in the dry season (from November to the end of April next year). Through the study of the neighboring hydrological stations, it shows that the hydrological stations (Ngoi Sao, Ninh Kiem) are suitable for calculating the construction flood for 05 reservoirs. The largest monthly volumes of the dame in the dry season are presented in the following table: Table 4. 13: Qmax 10% per month in dry season at the dam site (m3/s) Works XI XII I II III IV V XI÷V Ngoi Sao 86.1 39.5 13.2 10.5 28.9 94.0 352.0 361.0 Tat Lang 1.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.6 2.0 7.3 7.5 reservoir Pu Tien 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.9 3.4 3.5 reservoir Na Luong 2.1 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.7 2.3 8.7 9.0 reservoir Kim Tien 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.9 3.4 3.5 reservoir Khu Vang 0.06 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.09 reservoir Source: Basic design report, 2021 Where: Qmax10%: Maximum water flow corresponding to design frequency P = 10% The 05 reservoirs ensure water supply for agriculture (35-45 ha of rice). The total amount of water required at the focal point of the reservoirs, according to the data provided by the locality are shown in the following table. Table 4. 14: Required amount of water input at each reservoir Month I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Year Tat Lang reservoir Q required (m3/s) 0.060 0.053 0.037 0.002 0.008 0.039 0.031 0.026 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.011 0.022 W required (106 m3) 0.162 0.127 0.099 0.006 0.021 0.101 0.083 0.071 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.699 Pu Tien reservoir Q required (m3/s) 0.024 0.021 0.014 0.001 0.003 0.015 0.012 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.009 W required (106 m3) 0.063 0.050 0.039 0.002 0.008 0.040 0.032 0.028 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.011 0.274 Na Luong reservoir 62 Q required (m3/s) 0.041 0.036 0.025 0.002 0.005 0.027 0.021 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.015 W required (106 m3) 0.111 0.087 0.068 0.004 0.015 0.070 0.057 0.048 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.480 Kim Tien reservoir Q required (m3/s) 0.053 0.046 0.033 0.002 0.006 0.031 0.024 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.019 W required (106 m3) 0.143 0.112 0.087 0.005 0.017 0.080 0.065 0.055 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.589 Khu Vang reservoir Q required (m3/s) 0.038 0.008 0.014 0.010 0.002 0.007 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.007 W required (106 m3) 0.100 0.018 0.037 0.026 0.005 0.017 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.003 0.002 0.215 Source: Basic design report, 2021 Where: Q required: The required volume of water (to meet irrigation needs) flows to the reservoir according to the months of the year; W required: Total amount of water required (to meet irrigation needs) flowing into the reservoir by months of the year 4.1.3.2.Hydrological characteristics Annual flow and distribution of annual flow The lowest average flow at Ngoi Sao Station is 13.2 m3/s (Mo = 48.6 l/s.km2) and the highest average flow at the station is Q3 = 363 m3/s (Mo = 30.5 l/s.km2). The Ngoi Sao basin has the highest flow, with the average module flow of about 48.6 l/s.km2. In other areas, the average module flow is about 30 l/s.km2 Table 4. 15: Flow characteristics by stations No Stations River F lv (km2) Q o (m3/s) M o (l/s.km2) 1 Dao Duc Lo 8,298 152,9 18.4 2 Ngoi Sao Ngoi Sao 271 13,2 48.6 3 Ham Yen Lo 11,900 363.0 30.5 4 Bao Yen Chay 4,830 141.0 29.2 Source: Hydrometeorology Station in Ha Giang province Flow in the flood season Flood season in the subproject areas lasts from 4 to 5 months, usually beginning in June and ending in September and they can begin earlier, from May. Big floods often occur in July and August but they can start earlier in the year, from May. Flood season usually ends in September but late floods can occur in late October. The total flow of flood accounts for 75% to 80% of the annual flow. Depending on the terrain conditions, the average module flow of the flood season varies from 45-110 l/s.km2. There are areas with little water, even in the flood season. In the flood season, there are major floods. Flood peaks often occur in July and August but occasionally in May and June with less damages. The maximum flood flow monitored to be 457 m3/s, corresponding to Mmax = 1,686 l/s.km2 at Ngoi Sao station, and 3,330 m3/s, corresponding to Mmax = 403 l/s.km2 at Ha Giang station. These major floods were monitored in the province. However, geological conditions are complex, with many karsts and underground caves, so in the flood season, there may be more underground caves exposed to pose dangers to the local. In the wet season, flash floods and landslides may happen, particularly due to a prolonging rain. Flows in the dry season 63 The dry season in the subproject areas usually lasts from November to April next year. The transition season between flood season and dry season is between May and October. In the dry season, the average module flow is low, only 2-9 l/s.km2 depending on the location and terrain. The month with the smallest flow is usually March and June. The lowest flow is in March and June. The total flow in the dry season (from October to May) account for only 20-25% of total annual flow. 4.1.4. Soil, water and air quality conditions To assess the soil, water and ambient air quality in the main construction sites for the environmental assessment of the subproject areas. The consultant took air, surface water, ground water and soil samples in the subproject areas. Environmental sampling and sample analysis are undertaken as follows: â–ª Sampling, sample storage and handling processes are in accordance with TCVN 6663- 14:2000. â–ª Sample analysis in the laboratory: analysis data are guaranteed, given the certificate of eligibility for environmental monitoring services in the field of environmental analysis according to Decree No. 127/2014/ND-CP dated December 31, 2014 of the Government regulating conditions for environmental monitoring services. 4.1.4.1. Air quality and noise conditions Position, coordinates of air quality monitoring location are shown in the table below: Table 4. 16: Coordinates of the air and noise monitoring locations Coordinates Sample Monitoring locations symbols X Y The air on the planned operation road section, 300m KK1 from Tat Lang reservoir, in Vo Diem commune, Bac 2473222 441733 Quang district The air on the planned operation road section, 50m KK2 away from Pu Tien reservoir, in Vo Diem commune, 2475351 439695 Bac Quang district. The air on the planned operation section. 300m from KK3 Na Luong reservoir, in Kim Ngoc commune, Bac 2481631 441787 Quang district. The air on the planned operation road section, 300m KK4 from Kim Tien reservoir, in Bang Hanh commune, 2483468 445987 Bac Quang district. The air on the proposed operation road is 100m away KK5 from Khu Vang reservoir, in Bach Ngoc commune, Vi 2498035 452393 Xuyen district. - Analysis parameters: Noise, total suspended particles (average concentration per hour), CO, SO2, NO2, Wind speed, temperature; - Sampling time 8-9/10/2021; - Standards: The air monitoring data are compared against the following national technical regulations: â–ª QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT National Technical Regulation on noise; â–ª QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT National Technical Regulations on air environment; 64 Table 4. 17: Air quality monitoring results Noise TSP in 1 Wind Sample CO SO2 NO2 Humidity Temperature level hour speed symbol 3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (%) 0 C (dBA) µg/m (m/s) KK1 54.7 173 5.048 107 95 <0.6 30.1 KK2 55.5 179 5.046 113 105 <0.6 79.5 29.7 KK3 55.4 171 5.030 110 100 <0.6 77.3 30.2 KK4 54.4 179 5.072 115 105 <0.6 72.8 30.6 KK5 54.8 173 5.087 119 111 <0.6 71.6 31.1 QCVN 26:2010/ 70 BTNMT QCVN 05: 2013/ - 300 30 350 200 - - - BTNMT Note: (An explanation of the limit values of the analytical method, and the results of the analysis is attached in Appendix A4). The subproject areas have no factories, industrial parks or mining activities. The traffic density on the inter-village and commune roads in the subproject areas is relatively low. For these reasons, the air quality in the subproject areas shall be in good conditions. The air quality monitoring results showed that the air quality in the subproject area meets the national regulations and the noise level is within the allowable limits. Noise measured is in a range of 54.4-55.5 dBA. The noise measured at Pu Tien, Vo Diem commune, Bac Quang district, was highest at 55.5 dBA but still meet the regulation (QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT). The air quality monitoring results showed CO content is between 5,030 and-5,087 µg/m3, NO2 is between 95 and 111 µg/m3, SO2 is between 107 and 119 µg/m3, and suspended dust is between 171 and 179 µg/m3. These parameters are within the allowable limits of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. 4.1.4.2. Water quality conditions a. Surface water quality conditions Ha Giang is located in the upstream of 03 basins of Lo, Gam and Chay rivers. These rivers form a dense hydrological network and evenly distributed water over the area. Given this, Ha Giang has a large surface water reserve. Water supply for industrial and agricultural production activities in the subproject area is primarily taken from lakes. Five surface water sampling locations have been identified, given the possibility of being affected by the subproject implementation. The surface water monitoring locations are described in the following table. Table 4. 18: List of surface water monitoring locations in the subproject area Coordinates Sample Monitoring locations symbols X Y Tat Lang reservoir, Lam Village, Vo Diem commune, NM1 2473017 441832 Bac Quang district 65 Pu Tien reservoir, Thia Truong village, Vo Diem NM2 2475391 439722 commune, Bac Quang district Na Luong reservoir, Mang village, Kim Ngoc NM3 2481881 441596 commune, Bac Quang district Kim Tien reservoir , Lai village, Bang Hanh NM4 2483326 446134 commune, Bac Quang district Khu Vang reservoir, Bach Ngoc commune, Vi Xuyen NM5 2498068 452427 District -Monitoring parameters: there are 07 surface water parameters monitored, including pH, total suspended solids (TSS), DO, BOD5, COD, NH4+ and Coliform. - Sampling time 8-9/10/2021; -Comparative standards: the surface water monitoring results are compared against the national technical regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT). Table 4. 19: Surface water quality monitoring results Sample TSS DO COD BOD5 NH4+ NO3- Coliform pH symbols (MPN/ (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) 100ml) NM 1 6.70 36 6.5 28.7 13 0.23 0.29 4,600 NM 2 6.90 43 6.5 24.9 12 0.36 0.30 3,600 NM 3 6.80 41 6.3 26.8 13 0.32 0.24 4,600 NM4 6.60 34 6.3 24.9 12 0.18 0.26 3,600 NM5 6.90 38 6.5 28.7 13 0.36 0.40 4,600 QCVN 08-MT :2015/BTNM 5,5-9 50 >=4 30 15 0,9 10 <7500 T (B1) The surface water monitoring results are presented in Table 2 and Appendix A3, of this: pH: fluctuates between 6.7 and 7.9; TSS: is within the range of 36 mg/l – 43 mg/l; DO concentration is within the range of 6.3 – 6.5 mg/l; COD concentration is within the range of 24.9 – 28.7 mg/l; BOD5 concentration: is within the range of 12 – 13 mg/l; NH4+ concentration: is within the range of 0.18 – 0.36 mg/l; Coliform concentration: is within the range of 3,600-4,600 MPN/100ml. The surface water monitoring results showed that surface water quality at all monitoring locations meets the national regulation (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT, column B1) for drinking, irrigation and aquaculture purposes, in terms of physical, chemical, and microbiological criteria. b. Groundwater quality Currently, some households in the project area useg underground water (average depth of well is over 70m) for drinking and living purposes. Each household is equipped with filter tanks (sand, stone, gravel) to treat water before use To assess the quality of groundwater and domestic water of people around the project area, the consulting unit has taken water samples, analyzed and assessed the quality of groundwater in the area around construction sites. Groundwater sampling wells with average depth ≥ 70m. Description of sampling location is shown in the following Table 4.20. Table 4. 20: Table of positions, coordinates of monitoring samples for groundwater quality 66 Sample Coordinates Monitoring location symbols X Y Groundwater at Mai Van Tien’s household is 300m NN1 from Tat Lang reservoir, in Vo Diem commune, Bac 2473199 441822 Quang district Water in Nguyen Ngoc Nguyen’s household is 100m NN2 from Pu Tien reservoir, in Vo Diem commune, Bac 2475357 439806 Quang district Water in Chu Van Ngan’s household is 200m from Na NN3 Luong reservoir, in Kim Ngoc commune, Bac Quang 2481712 441658 district. Sample at Nguyen Van Tuy’s household, 200m from NN4 Kim Tien reservoir, in Bang Hanh commune, Bac 2483458 446086 Quang district. The water sample at Leng Thi Tuc’s household is NN5 300m far from Khu Vang reservoir, in Bach Ngoc 2498037 452390 commune, Vi Xuyen - Monitoring parameters (6 parameters): pH, Total suspended solid (TSS), hardness, NH4+ , NO3-,Cl- - Sampling time 8-9/10/2021; - Comparative standards: The analysis results of surface water samples are compared with the National Technical Regulation on groundwater quality QCVN 09-MT :2015/BTNMT. Table 4. 21: Groundwater water quality monitoring results Sample TSS Hardness Cl- NH4+ NO3- pH symbols (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) NN1 7.10 KPH 101 16.8 0.02 0.16 NN2 7.00 KPH 95.6 18.6 0.05 0.14 NN3 7.00 KPH 109 13.2 0.06 0.12 NN4 7.10 KPH 103 15.0 0.07 0.12 NN5 7.10 KPH 97.5 12.5 0.06 0.11 QCVN 09-MT 5,5 ÷ 8,5 - 500 250 1 15 :2015/BTNMT Note: An explanation of the limit values of the analytical method and the results of the analysis is attached in Appendix A4. The analysis results of domestic water samples in the table above show that all the monitoring indicators are within the allowable limit values. Groundwater in the project area is still relatively good, currently being the source of drinking water for households in the project area. 4.1.4.3. Soil quality conditions To assess the quality of soil in the subproject area, PPMU and the consulting unit conducts sampling and analysis of soil quality, at locations around the construction site that may be 67 affected by project activities. The sampling locations are presented in detail in the following table. Table 4. 22: Soil monitoring locations in the subproject area Sample Coordinates Monitoring location symbols X Y Forest land on the route to the reservoir, 150m from Ä?1 Tat Lang lake, in Vo Diem commune, Bac Quang 2473218 441740 district Forest land 50m from Pu Tien reservoir, in Vo Diem Ä?2 2475353 439694 commune, Bac Quang district Forest land 100m from Na Luong reservoir, in Kim Ä?3 2481862 441631 Ngoc commune, Bac Quang district. Forest land 100m from Kim Tien reservoir, in Bang Ä?4 2483369 446006 Hanh commune, Bac Quang district Forest land is 50m from Khu Vang reservoir, in Bach Ä?5 2498078 452433 Ngoc commune, Vi Xuyen district - Soil quality monitoring parameters: As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn - Time to take additional samples: 16/11/2021; - Comparative standards: the soil quality monitoring data are compared to (QCVN 03:2015/BTNMT) the national technical regulation on permissible limits of some heavy metals in soil. Table 4. 23: Soil quality monitoring results As Cd Pb Cr Cu Zn Sample symbols mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg D1 2.34 1.12 8.96 2.56 16.8 11.2 D2 2.12 0.89 8.68 2.42 16.85 11.32 D3 2.18 0.96 7.65 2.63 17.75 12.05 D4 2.56 1.05 7.95 2.54 16.54 12.56 D5 2.48 1.08 8.56 2.49 18.46 13.01 QCVN 03- MT:2015/BTNMT (forest 20 3 100 200 150 200 land) The analysis results show that the indicators of heavy metals in the soil are all below the allowable thresholds of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT for forestry land, which proves that the soil around the construction sites has not shown any sign of heavy metal pollution. 4.1.4.4. Biodiversity As a mountainous province, hills occupy more than ¾ of the area. The environment is favorable for natural vegetation as well as plantation forest development. Forest development is one of the economic strengths of Ha Giang. Due to its topography, Ha Giang is rich in biodiversity, with many rare species. Vegetation composition varies with elevations, soil quality, impact from climate and human development. The mountainous areas are covered with hot and humid tropical forests which are green all year round. Some highlands in the north are characterized by tropical monsoon climate, with forests of pointed leaves, trees and shrubs occupying 69.26% 68 of the primary, protection and plantation forests. The construction of the subproject will not affect biodiversity in the areas. Vegetation in the subproject areas: mainly include grass and shrubs, with low economic values. Trees in the areas are mainly grown by the local, including eucalyptus, acacia, mixed with shrubs, grasslands. The subproject areas do not encompass any endangered or rare species or species with high economic values, based on the classification criteria for endangered, threatened species of the Vietnam Red Book (2007) and IUCN Red List (2011) (according to the Government's Decree No. 32/2006 / ND-CP). Aquatic ecosystem of the subproject area: According to the findings from the field survey and interviews, the subproject areas only have freshwater aquatic species such as drift fish, carp, tilapia, shrimp, crab, and snail. There are no rare, endemic and endangered species. For the canal behind the spillway, the hydrological regime is not favorable for sensitive aquatic species to live. The species found in the canal mostly include freshwater fish such as grass carp, tilapia and crustaceans like shrimp, small crabs... (This fish species have high economic values). There are no rare and precious species in the canal behind the spill. 4.2. Socio-economic conditions 4.2.1. Economic conditions Bac Quang district is located on National Highway no. 2, 60km from Ha Giang City with a natural area of 110,521ha (92.11% of the land area for agricultural production). Vi Xuyen district is located around Ha Giang city, passing through National Highway no. 4C and National Highway no. 2, with a natural area of 147,840 hectares (86.67% of the land area is for agricultural production). Both districts prioritize agricultural development, mainly growing tea, oranges and some other agricultural products. According to the 2021 socio-economic report of the communes in the subproject area (Vo Diem, Bang Hanh, Kim Ngoc in Bac Quang district, Bach Ngoc in Vi Xuyen district), the agricultural production value of the communes is set at 100 % according to the plan, the per capita income is 26-32.5 million VND/year. The socio-economic development condition of the communes in the project area is described in detail as follows: Agriculture, forestry and fishery Agricultural, forestry and fishery development have been relatively stable, with an average increase in value of 1.5% per year during 2015-2020. The productivity of major crops has also increased. Due to the unfavorable climatic conditions (e.g. low temperature during the winter-spring crop), the growing season in the subproject communes have been pushed back. A variety of rice suitable with the local climate conditions are used so the rice production yield almost reaches the goal set by the communities. The agricultural sector of Ha Giang province has been currently under major projects, including “Restructure the agricultural sector in combination with new rural construction for the period 2016 – 2020â€? and “Development of medicinal plants associated with hunger eradication and poverty reductionâ€? for 06 districts in the period 2015 - 2020. In order to create safe agricultural products labeled with local brands, the agricultural sector has exploited local potentials and strengths to shift agricultural production from breadth to depth, with focus on key agricultural products, contributing to improving the commodity-oriented production efficacy. Many agricultural development models have linked farmers with businesses, such as land consolidation, change of plots in Bac Quang and Quang Binh districts, sugarcane cultivation in Vi Xuyen district, rice plating by transplanting machine in Quang Binh district, pineapple cultivation in Vi Xuyen district, Bac Quang. 69 The seasonally agricultural structure of the subproject area is below: Winter-spring crops â–ª Rice in the main spring season: Sowing from 10/1 to 25/1, transplanting in February; Late spring season: Sowing from 25/1 to 5/2, transplanting before March 10 (ending no later than March 15); â–ª Maize: Corn on the field (Sowing from January 15 to February 10); Corn grazing (Sown from January 15 to February 25); â–ª Soybean: Planting from January 20 to March 10, ending on February 25; â–ª Peanut: Sowing from January 15 to February 20. â–ª Crop seasons: depending on the climate, rice transplantation will be divided into 3 phases: early crops, main crops, late crops at the end of July. Current status of using pesticides in agriculture in the subproject area: In Ha Giang province, pesticides are used for agricultural production to prevent and control pests and diseases, increase productivity yield and preserve agricultural products. Given the bordering province, the trade and use of smuggled pesticides is also common. Many places have used pesticides that have no origin and are on the permitted list (especially in Quang Binh district). Besides, the use of pesticides is spontaneous, not strictly following the regulations. Pesticides are used indiscriminately in crops such as maize, tea, orange, rice … In recent years the amount of pesticides used in the subproject area has increased by about 3 times; the imported drugs have increased by 3-5 times. Pesticide packaging after use has not been collected according to the regulations and this is likely to contaminate water surface and soil in the subproject areas. Ha Giang Department of Plant Protection has implemented 16 models of integrated pest management (IPM) for major crops and 7 models of improved rice cultivation techniques (SRI). The IPM models are implemented in 11 districts and cities. Of this, there are 4 IPM models for “Sanhâ€? orange in 3 districts: Bac Quang, Quang Binh and Vi Xuyen; 7 IPM models for rice cultivation and 5 IPM models for tea cultivation. Each IPM model for rice, tea and orange cultivation is directly implemented by local workers and farmers. There are 07 SRI models are concentrated in the districts with high rice cultivation such as Bac Quang, Quang Binh, Vi Xuyen and Bac Me. Local farmers directly implement the models. The statistical data on socio-economic conditions in the subproject area in 04 communes of 02 districts (Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen) are presented in the tables below. Table 4. 24: Agricultural land use of the commune in the subproject area Vi Xuyen Bac Quang district Items Year district Vo Diem Kim Ngoc Bang Hanh Bach Ngoc Total land area (km2) 7,279.06 3,963.22 3,929.84 112,555.3 2015 605 326.4 549 279.7 2016 605 331.4 523 292 Paddy area (ha) 2017 605 331.4 451.4 299.5 2018 572.7 331 790 290 2019 571.6 331.1 510 303.0 2015 201.8 81 86.5 223.3 Corn cultivation area 2016 201.8 93.5 106.5 232.5 (ha) 2017 212.2 108 106 223 2018 197 110 113.2 243 70 2019 202.1 100 114.2 239 2015 46 42 35 28.7 2016 46 40.5 67 27.8 Peanut cultivation 2017 48 43 137.5 30 area (ha) 2018 46 44.5 138 30 2019 45.6 43.1 120 30 2015 233.7 64.3 29.1 9.8 2016 228 48.3 25.3 - Tea farming area (ha) 2017 228 50.3 25.3 - 2018 228 50.3 17,4 - 2019 228 50.3 17 - 2015 28 35 0.35 8.0 2016 30 50 10.25 8.5 Orange farming area 2017 30 50 14.2 10.5 (ha) 2018 40.9 50.2 22.7 8.5 2019 50 59.2 24.6 8.5 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen districts in 2019 Table 4. 25: Cultivation areas of main crops Unit: Ton/ha Bac Quang district Vi Xuyen district Items Year Bang Bang Hanh Bach Ngoc Bach Ngoc Hanh 2015 5.76 5.63 5.92 5.591 2016 5.73 5.76 5.72 5.467 Paddy area (ha) 2017 5.87 5.62 5.68 5.548 2018 5.8 5.62 5.75 5.683 2019 5.89 5.82 5.84 5.613 2015 3.6 3.65 3.68 3.833 2016 3.63 3.54 3.58 3.903 Corn cultivation area (ha) 2017 3.64 3.54 3.58 3.996 2018 3.67 3.5 3.64 4.052 2019 3.68 3.56 3.61 4.118 2015 2.087 1.717 1.919 1.582 2016 2.086 1.71 1.958 1.66 Peanut cultivation area (ha) 2017 2.13 1.86 2.0 1.761 2018 2.77 2.21 2.35 2.04 2019 2.59 2.16 2.44 2.19 2015 103 27.07 9.64 2.65 2016 89.92 18.72 9.31 - Tea farming area (ha) 2017 88.59 19.95 7.2 - 2018 91.16 20.46 9.42 - 2019 96.13 27.88 9.93 - 2015 26.04 31.16 8.9 0.898 2016 26.1 43.1 8.92 0.941 Orange farming area (ha) 2017 30.3 49.997 10.35 1.003 2018 40.2 66.4 13.7 1.071 2019 51.7 85.3 17.7 1.341 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen districts in 2019 71 Table 4. 26: Number of livestock and poultry unit: livestock/poultry Vi Xuyen Bac Quang district Items Year district Vo Diem Kim Ngoc Bang Hanh Bach Ngoc 2015 1,593 1,094 1,135 2,014 2016 1639 1,100 1,538 2,219 Buffalo 2017 1641 1,197 1,513 2,247 2018 1674 1,168 1,453 2,217 2019 1310 1,100 1,255 2,109 2015 - 15 - 59 2016 - 13 8 81 Cows 2017 - 22 - 65 2018 4 21 7 74 2019 11 40 12 87 2015 4,529 3,334 3,459 3,154 2016 4,508 2,487 5,322 3,670 Pigs 2017 4,659 2,581 5,437 3,210 2018 4,749 2,630 5,543 3,299 2019 3,993 2,115 4,077 3,844 2015 861 728 936 524 2016 668 849 627 659 Goats 2017 951 678 621 660 2018 727 551 555 520 2019 790 539 446 861 2015 67,952 47,496 37,876 17,466 2016 61,636 44,221 34,550 20,554 Poultry 2017 65,323 46,867 36,617 22,599 2018 66,374 47,693 37,303 22,621 2019 69,540 49,968 39,083 22,843 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen districts in 2019 The province has focused on forest planting and protection. As such, the local farmers have been mobilized to take care of the existing forests and plant new forests with acacia, linden, fat and oval trees. The area of the new forest fully meets the goal set by the province. Forest product exploitation has been closely managed through verifying and appraising the license to harvest timber and forest materials in the designated areas. The total forest product exploitation in the subproject areas is about 100m3. Table 4. 27: Forest areas in the subproject communes Forest area (ha) No. Communes Plantation forest Natural forest Total 1 Vo Diem 956.85 4,398.85 5,355.7 2 Kim Ngoc 2,365.51 425.25 2,790.76 3 Bang Hanh 1,609.66 1,635.99 2807.9 4 Bach Ngoc 1,894.22 2,222.47 3,369.53 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen districts in 2019 According to statistics and survey results in the subproject areas, the agricultural land is mainly used for agricultural crops such as rice and short-term industrial crops. The aquaculture area in the subproject area has been expanding, contributing to improving the local economy. 72 Table 4. 28: Aquaculture area by the project communes Bac Quang district Vi Xuyen district Items Year Vo Diem Kim Ngoc Bang Hanh Bach Ngoc 2015 214.2 20.8 17.48 8 2016 236.4 20.1 18.3 8 Area (ha) 2017 248.81 31.9 21.5 8 2018 250 31.9 26.38 8 2019 251 37.5 32.3 10 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen districts in 2019 Trade and services Services and trade are not diversified in terms of scale, structure and quality. However, commodities and market prices are relatively stable, basically meeting the needs of local people. The relevant authorities have organized inspections and assessments of goods circulated in the area. The inspection results showed that services comply with regulations and no fake goods and poor quality goods have been found in the subproject area. Transportation services have been increased as well, meeting the local demands for transportation and traveling. The communal and district portals have utilized information technology in propagating and supporting local people. Industry, handicrafts, construction Under the management and direction of the local authorities at the communal and district levels, small industry, transportation and construction have gradually grown, regardless of difficulties in production, consumption markets, and capital mobilization, contributing to restructuring the economy, increasing the cash flow, and improving local living conditions. The subproject village have repaired inter-village roads, dredged canals and managed dams and reservoirs for the dry season. 4.2.2. Social conditions Population, ethnic composition Vo Diem commune, Bac Quang district: The commune's population totals 5,583 people (rate of male 50.4%, rate of female 49.6%), with 1,296 households. The population growth rate is 2.01%. In terms of health, the disease prevention is well implemented and no epidemics occur in the area. The number of children receiving all 08 types of vaccines is 100%. The number of poor households in the commune totals 58 households, accounting for 4.5%, the near-poor households totals 30 households (accounting for 2.3%). Tay ethnic group accounts for 82.2% of the commune's population. The average income per capita in 2019 is 26,000,000 VND/person/year. Kim Ngoc commune, Bac Quang district: The whole commune has 1,008 households and the total population reaches 4,034 people people (rate of male 50.37%, rate of female 49.63%). The natural population growth rate is 1.8%. The number of poor households totals 31 households, accounting for 3.0% of the commune’s population. There are near-poor households 26 households, accounting for 2.57% of the commune’s population. In terms of health, the number of children receiving full vaccinations reaches 100%. The commune's ethnic minorities account for 85%, mainly Tay people. The commune’s average income per capita in 2019 is 32,500,000 VND/person/year. Bang Hanh commune, Bac Quang district: The whole commune has 1,181 households and the total population is 4,844 people people (rate of male 50.45%, rate of female 49.55%). The number of poor households is 37 households, accounting for 3.1%; The near-poor households 73 are 41 households, accounting for 3.57%. In terms of health, the rate of children under 1 year of age got all types of vaccines reaches 100%. The rate of malnutrition among children is 44.17%. In the commune, ethnic minorities account for 83%, mainly Tay people. The average income per capita is 28,500,000 VND/person/year. Bach Ngoc commune, Vi Xuyen district: The whole commune has 1,033 households and the total number of people is 4,238 people people (rate of male 51.68%, rate of female 48.32%). The poverty rate is 3.7% (equivalent to 39 households), 47 near-poor households, accounting 4.5%. In terms of health, the children in the age group of vaccination getting all types accounts for 100%. The rate of malnourish children with stunting is 43.9%. According to the statistics provided by the communes, Bach Ngoc commune composes of 03 ethnic groups: Tay (accounting for 80%), Muong (accounting for 10%) and Kinh people (accounting for 10%). The average income per capita is 28,500,000 VND/person/year. In all 04 communes with invested works, the situation of gender violence rarely occurs, because all households have jobs, stable income mainly from agricultural production, people's awareness is improved, local authorities have measures to manage security and order and propagate the law. There are about 1-1.2% of households where gender violence still occurs when the husband drinks alcohol out of control, or family conflicts arise from the division of labor in the family. In 04 communes of the project area, there is no problem of using forced labor and children, the main workers in the agricultural, industrial, and small business sectors are all 15 years of age or older, children can help families in agricultural production, households voluntarily according to their health conditions, ability, not forced. Health care facilities: In the area of 4 communes in the project area, there are commune health stations with doctors and medical staff (6-8 people/station), each medical station has 6- 12 hospital beds, capable of treating common diseases. Every year, medical staff are trained and improved in capacity by the medical team of Ha Giang province. However, for Ha Giang province in general and the health care of districts and communes in particular, the overload and lack of highly specialized doctors, limited updating and supplementing of medical equipment are still a big problem for provincial health care service. Infrastructure for electricity, water, and sanitation + Irrigation infrastructure: In Ha Giang province, there are 3,620 irrigation works for irrigation water supply, including 48 reservoirs and 3,572 other irrigation works. In which, there are 1,653 small and temporary works with an irrigated area of ≤ 5 ha, accounting for 45.66% of the works, but only irrigating 4,637 ha, equivalent to 13.59% of the irrigated area. The number of works with irrigation area > 5 ha is 1,967 works, equivalent to 54.34% of the works, irrigation for 2,9478 ha of rice equals 86.41% of the irrigated area. The infrastructure of irrigation works is mainly water reservoirs that have been built for a long time (20-30 years ago) mainly earth dams, the irrigation canal system is a self-flowing soil canal according to the terrain. In phase 1, the sub-project has upgraded and repaired 14 reservoirs in Bac Quang districts (10 reservoirs), Quang Binh and Vi Xuyen districts (04 reservoirs) that have been put into operation, ensuring irrigation capacity according to design. Infrastructure of irrigation works in the area of subproject communes is as follows: o Vo Diem Commune: Thon Thia reservoir was upgraded and repaired in phase 1 of the project to supply water to irrigate 40.6 hectares of rice. Tat Lang and Pu Tien reservoir have been seriously degraded and are responsible for supplying water to irrigate 88 74 hectares of rice with two crop. The whole commune has about 25.0km of irrigation canals, mainly soil canals supplying water for rice, crops, fruit trees and tea trees, taking water in the form of self-flow, ensuring irrigation of 80% of the cultivated land of the commune. In addition, water for irrigation is taken by households from existing springs in the form of pressure pumps. o Kim Ngoc commune: Nam Vac reservoir was upgraded, upgraded and repaired in phase 1 of the subproject of supplying water to irrigate 35ha of rice. Na Luong reservoir has been seriously degraded and is responsible for supplying water to irrigate 35ha of rice land. In addition, the whole commune has about 18km of irrigation canals, mainly soil canals, supplying water for rice, crops, fruit trees and tea trees, taking water in the form of self-flow, ensuring irrigation of over 85% of the arable land area of the commune. In addition, water for irrigation is taken by households from existing springs in the form of pressure pumps. o Bang Hanh Commune: Doi 1 and Doi 2 reservoir were upgraded and repaired in phase 1 of the project to provide water for 117.2 hectares of rice land. Kim Tien reservoir has deteriorated and needs to be upgraded and repaired to supply water for 45ha of rice land. In addition, the whole commune has about 35.7km of irrigation canals, mainly soil canals, supplying water to irrigate rice, crops, fruit trees and tea trees, that can irrigate 85% of the commune's arable land. In addition, water for irrigation is taken by households from existing springs in the form of pressure pumps. o Bach Ngoc commune: has 02 water reservoirs that have been built for a long time and are degraded. Of which Khu Vang reservoir has been seriously degraded and is responsible for irrigating 40ha of rice land. In addition, the whole commune has about 26.7km of irrigation canals, mainly soil channels, supplying water for rice, crops, fruit trees, taking water in the form of self-flow, ensuring 65% of the arable land of the commune. In addition, water for irrigation is taken by households from existing springs in the form of pressure pumps + Infrastructure for electricity use: 100% of households in the project area use electricity from the grid for lighting and other daily-life and production activities. For mountainous communes, the state and local authorities have paid attention to repair and replace free of charge electrical wiring and electricity for daily life for people. This not only helps people improve the standards of safe electricity use, but more than that, it brings light to remote areas, helping people improve their quality of life. (Source: Subproject Social Assessment report). + Use of clean water: Currently, the same as other rural areas, in 04 project communes, the majority of domestic water use is still water from drilled wells, wells dug from underground aquifers, river water, streams, ponds, lakes, rainwater, etc. Many households use two or three different sources of water in parallel to serve daily life. They use rainwater for cooking and water from streams/irrigations for bathing. Of the households participating in the survey, the households currently using water from dug/drilled wells account for the majority (76.7%), rainwater (45.7%), river /irrigation lakes is 58.9%. There is very small percentage of households use water from the plant (3.4%). (Source: Social Assessment report of the Subproject); + Environmental sanitation: In 04 subproject communes, most of the communes have concentrated landfills in villages or two or three villages share the same landfill. In these communes, the villages have people assigned to collect garbage from households in the village on specified days and then dump it into a centralized landfills or if there is no one to collect garbage, the households in the commune take their waste out and throw it in the trash themselves. For communes that do not have a centralized landfill, the waste is burned by households, buried in their garden or thrown into an empty area in a residential area or in a field in the village or commune. The same as other provinces in the country, the waste issue is also a problem that has not been completely solved. Currently, waste is only collected and treated 75 by burying or burning. This method is not effective, but adversely affects the living environment of people. (Source: Subproject Social Assessment report). Education All the subproject communes have schools at all levels, meeting the requirement for education in new rural areas. The rate of students transferring to upper classes reached 100%. The percentage of students attending classes meets the set goal. The education universalization at all levels have been maintained. Universalization for 5-year-old children has been completed; while the primary and lower secondary education and teachers has been standardized. The quality of mass and focused education has been raised. The rate of graduates at different education levels has increased. The dropout rate has decreased. Study and financial promotion has been well performed. The performance of the community learning center in the communes has been improved. The schools have been invested and newly built in the subproject areas. The local education has achieved good results. Numbers of schools by the subproject communes are listed in the following table: Table 4. 29: Numbers of schools in the subproject communes Communes items Unit Vo Diem Kim Ngoc Bang Hanh Bach Ngoc Preschools Number of schools 1 1 1 1 Number of teachers Teachers 25 31 28 21 Number of students Students 345 412 326 293 Elementary school Number of schools 1 1 1 2 Number of teachers Teachers 32 31 30 32 Number of students Students 504 483 449 468 Secondary schools Number of schools 1 1 1 1 Number of teachers Teachers 21 25 20 26 Number of students Students 259 292 297 246 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen districts in 2019 Transportation infrastructure The road system in Ha Giang province has a total length of at least 8.277 km. All communes, wards and towns have motorways to the center. The subproject districts (Quang Binh, Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen) have mobilized investment in transport infrastructure projects. As a result, transport infrastructure in the subproject area has been gradually improved, contributing to promoting the locally socio-economic development. Road system run through communities, include Highway 279, Provincial Road 183. These highways have been repaired and upgraded, meeting the needs of local people for traveling and goods exchange. Traffic infrastructure in the area (mainly asphalt and concrete roads more than 5m wide of road surface), is very convenient for transporting materials by truck near the construction site of the project. Security and order The security and order in the subproject areas are well maintained, through promoting movement "All people protect national security", strengthening measures to minimize traffic 76 safety violations, curbing the rise of criminal offenses, repelling social evils through promptly preventing law-breaking acts or insecurity and free migration taking advantage of religions and beliefs of our nation. The security and order is maintained stably, so there are no large numbers of lawsuits or illegal preaching. The local government has regularly patrolled, controlled and coordinated with mass organizations to propagate and mobilize people to abide by the provisions of law. Healthcare and epidemic situation in Ha Giang province Covid-19 epidemic situation As of February 2022, the situation of the Covid-19 epidemic in Ha Giang province is detailed as follows: According to the report of the Steering Committee for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Ha Giang province, as January 2022, Ha Giang province has 6,484 Covid-19 cases (average 111.79 cases/day). The number of recovered cases: 5,678, accounting for 78.9% (of which 562 cases of F0 were followed up at home and completed treatment).. Localities have urgently zoning, taking rapid test samples on a large scale in areas with infections; narrow blockade for families with cases to ensure lives and activities of people. District and provincial hospitals and medical facilities are all capable of treating covid-19. Mild cases and eligible for home quarantine will be guided on treatment and provided with medicine. Set up COVID-19 care teams in the community. Strictly manage and control the compliance with regulations on epidemic prevention and control of F0s applying medical isolation at home. The F1 cases are isolated at home. Besides, the review and additional vaccination of the 2nd and 3rd Covid vaccine dose continue to be implemented in accordance with the policy of Ha Giang province and the general policy of the Government. Other diseases situation HIV/AIDS infectious disease in previous years was very stressful. By 2015, the province had about 1,534 cases of HIV infection, in which the number of infected people alive is 1,143; 880 people turned to AIDS and 391 deaths due to HIV/AIDS. According to the report of the Center for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, by 2015 there were 11/11 districts/cities and 106/195 communes/wards of Ha Giang province with HIV/AIDS infected people. HIV infection is tending to rejuvenate and transition from injecting drug users to other groups. HIV infection rate of the whole province is 0.21%; HIV-infected people are mainly distributed in Ha Giang city (36.1%); Bac Quang (25.52%); Vi Xuyen (13.5%); Quang Binh (5.9%)…; but the risk factors affecting the increase of HIV/AIDS epidemic are mainly due to the evils of drugs and prostitution in the province, which are still complicated with many changing and diverse forms of activities making difficult to access and manage. However, with many efforts in HIV/AIDS prevention and control, by 2020, the number of infected people is 1,624 cases in the whole province, the spread is under control. There is a medical team to advise, treat and propagate prevention measures. Besides, there are other epidemics in Ha Giang province such as red eyes disease, diarrhea, etc., which still occur every year, especially for young children in remote districts such as Dong Van and Meo Vac due to unsafe living conditions at home and at school. In the project districts of Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen, there is a system of commune and district health stations to ensure capacity and material conditions in disease prevention and control. 4.3. Sensitive works The subproject is located in 04 communes of 02 districts (Vi Xuyen and Bac Quang) in Ha Giang province. The construction of the subproject will impact on the environment and the 77 health of the local people in the subproject areas and their surroundings. During the dam rehabilitation and safety improvement, the areas of the 04 out of 05 reservoirs shall be specially taken care of due to its associated risks and impacts as presented in the table below. Table 4. 30: Current status of the sensitive works under the subprojects Current conditions of the works Picture Location The temporary dumping site is at the foot of the downstream of the dam, surrounded mainly by acacia trees and shrubs. However, due to the slightly sloping terrain, when dumping waste, it should be compacted to prevent landslide Tat Lang reservoir The inter-communal material transportation road to Lam village and to the construction site is 2,118km long: of which 1,035km is a degraded concrete road bm=2.5m wide, the rest is a narrow, muddy dirt road. It's hard to walk, especially in the rain The dump site at Chu Van Ngan's pond, Kim Ngoc commune, 400m from the reservoir, surrounded mainly by acacia trees and shrubs (Households have the need to use excess land from the project for pond leveling, owned by the Na household). Luong reservoir The road to transport materials to Na Luong reservoir: From the National Highway 279, it is about 1.0km long, of which 276m has not been solidified, the dirt road is narrow, about 2m wide There is 1 household (3 people) living near the main dam construction area (>70m from the construction area). Kim The existing dam route is combined Tien with a traffic road to some households reservoir in Kim Tien village (about 7 households). The road to transport materials to Kim 78 Tien reservoir: The current status of the road is earth road, about 383.6m long, the width of the road is about 2.0-4.0m, when it rains, the road is often muddy and difficult to travel through. Surrounding the construction area of Power line Living Khu Vang reservoir, there is 1 household household living and there is an electric line going along the construction and operation route to Phai village, Bach Ngoc commune, Vi Xuyen district. Khu Vang reservoir The road to transport materials from the inter-commune road to Khu Vang reservoir is 1.328 km long, a narrow dirt road b=2.5÷3.0m wide and has not been reinforced. When it rains, only rudimentary vehicles can travel. The road is often muddy and difficult to travel. 79 CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 5.1. Types and scale of impacts The subproject to be implemented in the area will have certain impacts during the construction stage, however, the impact level is not high and can be mitigated. Upon the completion of construction, the subproject areas of the 05 reservoirs will be benefited from the restoration of public services/facilities, which promote economic growth and access to social services. Important flood control structures (e.g. roads and dams) will be repaired and upgraded to increase the safety of people and property, particularly in bad weather conditions. Potential negative impacts are identified and screened for each subproject component from the preparation phase to the operational phase and classified according to the nature of the construction works. Most negative impacts are temporary, localized and reversible due to the small to medium-sized construction scale of the works. Impacts can be minimized by applying advanced technologies and mitigation measures and close supervision of the Consultant, PMU and local communities. The table below defines the levels of negative impacts associated with construction activities1. Table 5. 1: Criteria for classification of negative impacts Impact/Level Low Moderate Significant Exceeding technicalExceeding technical Exceeding technical Waste water regulations on waste standards on waste regulations on waste discharge from 1.1 times to less from 1.5 times to less more than 3 times, (domestic and than 1.5 times and than 03, discharge discharge volume of industrial) discharge volume less volume of 5 - 10 more than 10 m3/day than 5 m3/day m3/day Exceeding the standard Exceeding the Exceeding the of 1.1 times to under standard of 1.5 times standard of over 3 Dust and 1.5 times with the to under 3 times with times with the Emissions emission level of less the emission level of emission level of than 500 m3/hour 500 – 5000 m3/hour over 5000 m3/hour Exceeding standards 2 Exceeding standards Exceeding standards Noise to 5 dB 5 to 10 dB over 10 dB Exceeding standards 2 Exceeding standards Exceeding standards Vibration to 5 dB 5 to 10 dB over 10 dB Generated less than Generated from Generated over 2,000 Domestic solid 1,000 kg / day 1,000 to 2,000 kg/day waste kg/day Hazardous solid Generated less than 100 Generated from 100 Generated over 600 waste kg/day – 600 kg/day kg/day Fire incidents, oil Less than 2,000 kg 2,000 to 10,000 kg Over 10,000 kg spills Potentially negative environmental and social impacts are categorized into direct, indirect, short-term, long-term and cumulative impacts. 1 Based on the reference to Decree 155/2016 / ND-CP on regulations on sanctioning administrative violations in the field of environmental protection. 80 â–ª Direct impacts: Direct impact occurs through the direct interaction of a subproject activity with environmental and social components or business. â–ª Indirect impacts: The indirect impacts on the environment and society are impacts that are not a direct result of the subproject, which is often created later, or as a result of a complex, real action. Indirect effects are also known as secondary effects, or even tertiary effects. â–ª Cumulative impact is an impact created as a result of a combination of the subproject together with other projects that cause the associated impact. These impacts occur when the incremental impact of the subproject is combined with the cumulative effects of past, present, or future projects that have the potential for predictability. â–ª Temporary impacts: are impacts occurring during construction or within short time after construction. â–ª Long-term impacts: are the effects that arise during the construction process but most of the results appear in the operational phase, and can last for decades. 5.2. Potentially positive impacts of the subproject (additional 05 reservoirs) The subproject will improve the effectiveness of the 05 reservoirs and will bring positive environmental and socio-economic impacts on the local communities, as follows â–ª Dam safety improvement: The items to be repaired and expanded: dam surface, reinforcing upstream roof, repairing flood-discharge spillway will improve the dam safety, reduce the risk of dam breakout to ensure safety for 1,196 people of 04 communes (including Vo Diem, Kim Ngoc, Bang Hanh communes of Bac Quang district; and Bach Ngoc commune of Vi Xuyen district). â–ª Repair and newly build intake sluices and upgrade the headworks: will increase the water supply capacity, increase the cultivation area upon the completion of the subproject. â–ª Upgrading and repairing access and public service roads will contribute to increasing access to works and improving the overall landscape of the areas. â–ª Repairing and upgrading of the access: contribute to the flood prevention and control, facilitate local traffic, especially for those who commute to the workplaces and to access public services i.e. schools, health centers and markets. â–ª Enhancing the ability to regulate flow regime during flood season and dry season to maintain air humidity and soil moisture which has impacts on the growth of organisms. Reservoirs are home to a wide range of aquatic organisms. All of the above impacts are beneficial for biodiversity around the area of 05 reservoirs. â–ª Impacts on local income: During the construction phase, the concentration of workers on construction sites, about 45 workers/site at peak time, can create jobs and income for several local workers (about 15-20 local workers/reservoir). In addition, some business and service activities such as providing food, essential goods, supplies, materials, and restaurant services etc., have increased, so local people can increase their income from these activities. â–ª Impacts on the ecological environment: repairing and improving the dam safety will help regulate the flow during the flood season and water supply during the dry season, increasing the air humidity and groundwater reserves, promoting the growth of fauna and flora in the subproject areas. Moreover, the subproject areas have undergone prolonged droughts so the upgrading of the reservoirs will regulate meteorological conditions, as well as create favorable environmental conditions for the downstream agricultural production. Environmental risks and impacts will be minimized after the repairing and upgrading of the reservoirs. In the context of climate change, in terms of floods and other extreme weathers, the upgrading of the reservoirs will enhance resilience of the works against impacts from climate change (i.e. improve water 81 discharge of the culverts when upgrading spillway; enhance stability of the dam when widening and heightening the dam crest and reinforce dam slopes; install monitoring equipment system for early warning) 5.3. Potentially negative impacts from the subproject (additional 05 reservoirs) 5.3.1. Impacts during the preparation phase The subproject supplemented 05 works (reservoirs) is located in 4 communes in 02 different districts (Vi Xuyen, Bac Quang) of Ha Giang province. The scale of each work is small to medium. The construction period of each work is concurrent and short-term, about 6-12 months. Activities in this period are mainly geological survey for feasibility study and detailed design, land acquisition and land clearance activities. Subproject will also carry out the demining process in the preparation phase. Therefore, during this phase, only the major negative impacts assessed include (1) land acquisition (2) Geological survey and (3) risks associated with mine clearance. Land acquisition In the preparation phase, the main activities of the subproject are: - Total land acquisition for the project is 15,365 m2 (Table 5.2); - The temporarily acquired land area is 14,750 m2, managed by the People's Committees of communes in the area along the access roads, and near the works (currently it is vacant land, covered with wild weeds that have no economic values), so no households are affected by temporary land acquisition; - The permanently acquired land area is 615m2, belonging to 7 households in 4 communes in which o Affected agricultural land (annual crops, mainly rice): 471 m2 (05 households); o Affected production forests: 55 m2 (1 households); o Affected garden land: 89 m2 (01 household). - There are no households having residential land affected and no households have to relocate. Table 5. 2: Permanently and temporarily acquired lands by reservoirs Permanently Permanently acquired land acquired land area Agricultur Temporarily No Reservoirs Commune Production al land acquired land . Garden forests (annual AHH area (m2) (m2) crops) s AHH (m2) AHHs (m2) AHHs (m2) s 234. 1 Tat Lang Vo Diem 0 0 0 0 234 2 2 2,400 0 2 Pu Tien Vo Diem 0 0 0 0 108 1 108 1 2,350 Kim 3 Na Luong 0 0 0 0 129 2 129 2 3,500 Ngoc Bang 4 Kim Tien 89 1 0 0 0 0 89 1 3,500 Hanh Bach 5 Khu Vang 0 0 55 1 0 0 55 1 3,000 Ngoc 89. 55. Total 1 1 471 5 615 7 14,750 0 0 Source: Preliminary tally, July 2021 82 According to the IOL, the total of 24 jackfruit trees and 15 green tea trees, 35 bamboo trees, 48 acacia trees and 471 m2 of paddy of 7 households will be affected by the subproject. The IOL shows that the subproject items will temporarily affect 14,750 m2 of land managed by 04 communes. This land area is mainly used for gathering materials, temporary dumping sites, access roads and roads for material transport during construction. Filling land is purchased at quarries located 0.4-2Km away from the project area, provided by suppliers of backfill materials who have been granted land mining license (therefore, there is no land acquisition for the purpose as land mines in the project’s works). Impacts due to geological exploration drilling Prior to the design and construction of works, it is necessary to conduct geological surveys. This process has the potential to contaminate underground water with impurities. According to the results of the geological surveys, the geological structure of the dam consists of 2 layers: layer (1) (top layer covered with vegetation): gray-brown organic clay with very loose structure; Layer (2) (filled soil): brown, golden brown, reddish brown, gray brown light clay with little grit and gravel, with hard to soft plasticity; layer (3): heavily brown, golden brown, rose brown, reddish brown clay mixed with macadam and grit, with hard plasticity, medium-tight structure, originated from the ruins; layer (4): strongly-weathered shale and siltstones. In general, the geological structure of the dam foundation is in good conditions, with good loading and anti-slip capacity from the main layers: Layer 2a is beneath the dam body; Layer 3 largely covers the two shoulders; layer 4: the strongly weathered original stones, narrowly distributed along the length of the dam, ensuring its stability. Geological exploration drilling can generate dust noise and vibration which may directly affect the workers around the construction site; the drilling process using drilling fluids may have a small effect on the quality of groundwater at the location of the boreholes. After drilling, the hole will be filled in the correct process, otherwise it will cause groundwater pollution when waste on the surface is swept with rainwater flowing into the boreholes. Therefore, the geological exploration drilling process should follow the correct process and combine with a specialized unit to perform, so that the environmental impacts of geological exploration drilling activities will be minimized. Impact from clearance of unexploded ordnance (UXO) Ha Giang is an area where the Northern Border War occurred in the years 1979-1984. The remnants of landmines and UXO are very large. Up to now, there are more than 20,000 hectares of land in the province containing mines and UXO, in Vi Xuyen and Bac Quang district there are also a large area predicted to contain landmines. The construction items of the project have deep excavation and drilling in the area of the cluster of reservoirs and the route to the reservoirs. So it is easy to have the risk of bombs, mines, explosives which may cause injury and great damage to people, workers, construction machinery and surrounding infrastructure. The risk of landmines remaining after the war can cause damage to infrastructure, construction machinery and materials and more dangerously cause casualties to workers at the construction site. According to the results of consultation with local authorities and people, for many years now, the locality has not recorded any case of unexploded ordnance that was discovered or exploded, causing damage to people and property. However, to ensure safety during construction and to minimize risks from UXO, the subproject owner and construction contractor should contact a qualified demining unit, local authorities to assess risks and carry out demining work prior to construction according to current regulations. Construction waste, emissions and wastewater Solid waste generation 83 Construction waste is primarily generated removal of vegetation during the land clearance process. Domestic solid waste is generated from workers in construction sites. + Domestic waste: It is expected that in the clearance phase, about 50 people/05 reservoirs (10 people/reservoir) will work regularly on site, so the estimated amount of waste generated is 50 people x 0.5kg of waste / person/day = 25 kg/day (For 1 reservoir, 5kg/day). + Waste from plant clearing activities: mainly peeling off the surface organic soil layer and shrubs and trees around the construction area. The estimated volume of solid waste is as follows. Table 5. 3: Volume of solid waste generated during the clearance period Type of Unit Tat Lang Pu Tiên Na Luong Kim Tien Khu Vang solid waste Soil from removing surface organic Ton 2,503 1,014 1,349 1,075 957 matter, demolishing old buildings Bushes, trees Ton 6.26 2.54 3.37 2.69 2.39 Total Ton 2,509.26 1,016.54 1,362.37 1,077.69 959.39 The amount of soil from removing surface organic matter is mainly reused to strengthen the toe of the dam to plant grass downstream, so this amount of soil is not dumped. The volume of shrubs and trees arising from removing trees is small, therefore the construction unit will contract a qualified environmental unit to come over for waste collection, transportation and disposal (According to Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP). Therefore, the impact is assessed at a low level. Sources of dust and emissions: The operation of removing vegetation, organic soil, peeling off the dam surface, demolishing damaged structures (old culverts, old spillways...) will generate dust, but the impact level is insignificant because the construction sites are located far from residential areas, covered by trees, mainly adjacent to forestry production land (acacia, eucalyptus). So generated dust will directly affect workers clearing vegetation to create the ground. The clearing time to create the ground is about 10-15 days, in no rain days. The types of machinery and equipment used in this period are mainly bulldozers, compactors, and 1.25m3 excavators, mainly use diesel oil, will emit CO, NOx, SO2. However, vegetation clearance will be implemented within short time, the volume of dismantling to create the ground is not high. Therefore, this emission has small volume causes local impact at the site creation area, directly affecting workers clearing site at the construction sites Domestic wastewater generation: During the preparation phase, there are about 10 workers concentrating in each construction site. According to TCXDVN 33:2006 for the area of Vi Xuyen and Bac Quang districts, the average amount of domestic water is about 80 liters of water/person/day. However, for unskilled workers, the demand for water use is little, only about 40l/person/day. Thus, the amount of domestic wastewater generated on 01 reservoir construction site is calculated as: 10 people x 40 liters/person/day = 0.4 m3/ day/01 construction site 84 This amount of wastewater is quite small, only happening within 10-15 days of clearing the ground, so the impact is small. If this amount of wastewater is not collected and treated, it will directly affect surface water in reservoirs, water on sluices, irrigation canals leading downstream to serve agricultural production. However, the amount of wastewater generated 0.4m3/day/01 construction site is very small, takes place in a short time, so it does not degrade surface water quality. Appropriate measures can be taken to minimize these impacts. The impact of domestic wastewater at site clearance stage can be assessed as low level. Impacts from other sources not relating to waste Impacts by noise Machines used during site clearance period also create quite a lot of noise, affecting the quiet space of the area as follows: With types of equipment used which are bulldozers, roller compactors, and excavators, the noise level generated from leveling activities is 80.8 ÷ 93.1dBA according to the formula: L∑ = 10 x lgâˆ‘í µí²? 𝒊 í µí¿?𝟎 0,1Li (3.1) Where: - L∑ is the total noise level - Li is the noise level at the source - n is the total number of noise sources Source: Pham Ngoc Dang. Air environment. Science and Technology Publishing House, 2003 To forecast the noise reduction with distance from the leveling operation, the below formula is applied: í µí²“í µí¿? ∆L = 10lg (í µí²“í µí¿?)1+a (dB) for the road source (3.2) Where: - ∆L is the noise attenuation at a distance r2 from the noise source - r1 is the distance of the sound level characterized by the noise source (r1 = 8 m) - a is the coefficient that takes into account the noise absorption effect of the terrain (a = 0.1 – grass ground) Source: Pham Ngoc Dang. Air environment. Science and Technology Publishing House, 2003. Calculation results show that, at distances of 20m, 40m and 80m, respectively, the noise level is (73.8 ÷ 86) dBA; (68.8 ÷ 81) dBA and (63.8 ÷ 76) dBA. Noise will affect the health of workers operating construction equipment, and also affect other animals in the area such as birds. The noise level may affect 1 household near the construction area of Kim Tien reservoir. However, noise may be latent during site preparation but only appears when operating equipment, thus impacts due to noise is assessed. at low level. Increased local traffic density: Operation of transportation trucks in the subproject areas will put more pressure on the local traffic, especially on roads through communes; Increase the number of workers: The project preparation phase requires a lot of manual work so it will hire about 50 workers to live and work in the construction sites (with an average of 10 workers/reservoir). This number of workers is low so there is no impact on the environment and social order. 85 In the context of a very serious and complicated Covid-19 epidemic across the country in general and Ha Giang province in particular, the concentration of workers can lead to outbreaks at construction sites, putting pressure on the local health care system; Construction contractors should thoroughly apply measures to prevent Covid-19 disease under the guidance of the Government of Vietnam and the World Bank. 5.3.2. Impacts during the construction phase 5.3.2.1. Construction activities and associated impacts ➢ The construction activities include: â–ª Ground leveling; â–ª Treatment of leaks that exceed the allowable levels in the dam body and foundation; â–ª Reinforce the upstream and downstream dam crests; â–ª Repair and upgrade the flood-discharge spillway, intake sluice, and valve house; â–ª Upgrade access roads; â–ª Build Management office. ➢ Sources of impacts related to waste General waste generation General waste generation: Packaging for construction materials, waste materials, spilled materials, waste excavation soil; Domestic solid waste from workers' camps; Wastewater generation: wastewater from washing materials such as stones, gravel, sand; washing machines and equipment; domestic wastewater from construction workers at construction sites and camps; Construction solid waste: Construction solid wastes such as cement bags and excess materials; Waste generated from drilling process: Wastewater is generated from drilling process, cleaning machinery, drilling equipment, washing. The potential impact of drilling activities on the surrounding environment is the generation of wastewater washing the borehole, water overflowing on the borehole affecting the surrounding water source. Hazardous waste: Waste oil and grease is classified as hazardous waste, generated from the repairing and maintenance services of transportation trucks and construction equipment. During the construction phase, there are no chemicals used to kill termites. Emissions: gaseous emissions are generated from the following activities: excavation and site leveling; construction of access roads; exploiting, transporting and loading and unloading materials; mixing concrete, mixing mortar; operation of vehicle and transport system; operation of construction equipment such as bulldozers, excavators, compactors, trucks Other sources not relating to waste - Increased noise and vibration: The operation of construction machinery such as drilling machines, excavators, welding, cutting, concrete mixing... generates noise and vibration affecting the health of workers on the construction site, the people living around, the animals in the area. - Impacts on the ecosystem: The aquatic ecosystem in the reservoir bed area near the main dam is affected due to the loss of habitat during the construction of head-works. Aquatic species of the surface and middle layers may move to other areas in the reservoir bed. However, aquatic animals in the bottom mud layer can be affected and decreased in number of individuals such as shrimp, crab, snail, fruit, fish, etc. Terrestrial flora such as shrubs, acacia eucalyptus around the construction area and ancillary works serving construction have lost vegetation, causing loss of habitat for small animals, such as snakes, mice, birds... During construction, noise, 86 vibration and appearance of construction workers will cause birds in the area around the construction site to migrate to new places. However, this impact is considered to be small due to the short construction time of 6 months/reservoir and after construction, the ecosystem around the reservoir quickly recovers. - Impacts on community health and safety: The large concentration of workers on the construction site can cause epidemics, insecurity and disorder, conflicts with people, and increased pressure on the local health system. - Impact on traffic and infrastructure: The transportation of materials and machinery to the construction site increases traffic density, adversely affects the landscape and infrastructure on the travel route. - Risks and incidents: landslides caused by unusual weather phenomena such as storms, wind, hail...; loss of labor safety in construction and material transportation, fire and explosion in the construction site; unsafe due to unexploded ordnance, fire and explosion… 5.3.2.2. Impact assessment in the construction phase A. Impacts relating to waste 1. Impacts on air environment (i). Dust generated from earth work Dust generated from repairing and upgrading the reservoirs: the volumes of materials used for the repairing and upgrading of 05 reservoirs is presented below: â–ª Excavated soil: 27,332.64 m3; â–ª Backfilling soil: 18,661.44 m3; â–ª Other materials (concrete, sand and stones...): 17,592.97 m3; â–ª Reinforced steel + equipment installation: 481.46 tons. High volume of materials gathered at Tat Lang and Pu Tien reservoir in Vo Diem commune are transported from shops about 10-20km from the construction sites. Materials are transported on the inter-commune routes of Vo Diem, Kim Ngoc and Bach Hanh communes, followed by access roads to the construction sites. In the construction plan, construction activities are mostly conducted in the dry season, so dust generated in the dry conditions will have more impact on the health of workers on site and local people in the area Table 5. 4: Summary of materials used for construction Volum Steel + Number Number Volume of e of Other equipment of No. Items of excavated backfil material installatio Transportation distance equipme workers soil (m3) l soil s (m3) n (ton) nt (m3) Transport distance of excavated and filling soil: 2 km; Material transportation: 20.6km: From the center of Tat 8,778.2 Viet Quang town to the site 1 45 16 7,909.50 3,310.99 27.36 Lang 9 using national highway QL 279 and inter-communal roads. (The inter-commune road is about 14.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide) 87 Volum Steel + Number Number Volume of e of Other equipment of No. Items of excavated backfil material installatio Transportation distance equipme workers soil (m3) l soil s (m3) n (ton) nt (m3) Transport distance of excavated and filling soil: 2 km; Material transportation: 20.8km: From the center of Pu 2,671.2 Viet Quang town to the site 2 45 16 4,090.81 1,480.28 52.79 Tien 1 using national highway QL 279 and inter-communal roads. (The inter-commune road is about 15.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide) Transport distance of excavated and filling soil: 0.4 km; Material transportation: 20 km: From the center of Viet Na 2,817.5 45 16 6,176.09 2,485.42 78.12 Quang town to the site using 3 Luon 1 national highway QL 279 and g inter-communal roads. (The inter-commune road is about 1.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide) Transport distance of excavated and filling soil: 2km; Material transportation: 24.3 km: From the center of Viet Kim 2,123.5 Quang town to the site using 4 45 16 5,044.07 5,701.26 238.55 Tien 6 national highway QL 279 and inter-communal roads. (The inter-commune road is about 2.3km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide) Transport distance of excavated and filling soil: 2 km; Material transportation: 20.5 km: From the center of Viet Khu 2,270.8 Quang town to the site using 5 45 16 4,112.18 4,615.02 84.64 Vang 7 national highway QL 279 and inter-communal roads. (The inter-commune road is about 13.5km, the 3.5m wide concrete road with two sides 1.5m wide) Total 18,661. 17,592.9 481.46 27,332.64 44 7 - Amount of dust generated during excavation and construction...: The dust emissions are mainly due to excavation and backfilling process during the construction phase, within the construction sites, affecting workers on site. The amount of dust diffused into the environment from earthworks is calculated using the below equation: 88 E = k x 0.0016 x (U/2.2)1.4/(M/2)1.3; (5.1) Where: E: Pollution coefficient (kg/ton); k: Grain structure, with an average value of 0.74; U: Average wind speed (at the project area is 1.6 m/s); M: The average moisture content of the material is 4.8%; The calculated pollution coefficient: E = 0.0046kg of dust/ton of soil. The amount of dust generated by earthworks is calculated according to the following formula: W = E*Q*d (5.2) Where: - W: Average amount of dust generated (kg); - E: Pollution coefficient (kg/ton); - Q: Amount of backfill (m3); - d: Proportion of excavated soil (d = 1.4 ton/m3). The dust flow is determined based on the total amount of dust generated and the construction time (30 days), according to the formula below. Q dust = W/t (5.3) Where: - Q dust: is the emission or dust flow <20µm from the source; - W: Total amount of dust generated (kg); - t: excavation construction time (30 days). Dust is generated mainly from the process of excavation, backfilling for embankment items, road bed, upstream dam... Construction time on each investment is 6 months. The daily amount of dust generated during the construction process is summarized as follows Table 5. 5: Estimated dust generated from excavation Total Dust excavated generated Dust amount No. Works and during earth backfilling work per Q (kg/day) Q (µg/s) soil (m3) reservoir (kg) 1 Tat Lang 16,687.79 225.933 7.531 87,166 2 Pu Tien 6,762.02 91.550 3.052 35,320 3 Na Luong 8,993.60 121.763 4.059 46,976 4 Kim Tien 7,167.63 97.041 3.235 37,439 5 Khu Vang 6,383.05 86.419 2.881 33,341 Remark: Expected time of backfilling activities is 1 month (30 days). 89 To calculate the diffusion concentration of dust due to excavation and backfilling activities in the subproject area, the Pasquill - Gifford formula is used (Gauss model), the formula is as follows: C(x,0,0) = Q/Ï€uσyσz (5.4) Where: C(x,0,0): Concentration on ground of gas or dust <20µg, at a distance of x (m) from the source towards the end of the wind (µg/m3); Q: Exhaust gas or dust flow is less than 20 µm from the source (µg/s); σy: The horizontal dispersion coefficient represents the amount of smoke dispersed in the crosswind at a distance x towards the end of the wind and at a given atmospheric strength condition (m); σz: Vertical dispersion coefficient, which represents the amount of smoke and dust dispersed vertically at a distance x towards the end of the wind and at a given atmospheric strength condition (m); u: Wind speed (m/s). Solar radiation in the subproject area is average, so the atmospheric sustainability in the subproject area is B (moderately unstable). Then σy and σz are determined by D.O Martin's formula as follows: σy = ax0.894 and σz = bxc + d (5.5) Where: - x: downwind distance from source (km); The coefficients a, b, c, d are given in the following table: Table 5. 6: The coefficients a, b, c, d in the formula 5.5 Stability level of x ≤ 1km x > 1km a the atmosphere b c d b c d A 213 440.8 1.941 9.37 459.7 2.094 -9.6 B 156 106.6 1.149 3.3 108.2 1.098 2.0 C 104 61 0.911 0 61 0.911 0 D 68 33.2 0.725 -1.7 44.5 0.516 -13.0 E 50.5 22.8 0.678 -1.3 55.4 0.305 -34.0 F 34 14.35 0.740 -0.35 62.6 0.180 -48.6 On the basis of dust flow generated by the excavation and backfilling of the subproject items (Table 5.6), the average dust concentration of 1h at the excavation sites has been calculated as follows: Table 5. 7: Concentration of dust dispersed in the air due to excavation and backfilling activities TSP concentration at distances from the emission source (µg/m3) No. Location 5m 10 m 15 m 20 m 25 m 30 m 50 m 75 m 100 m 1 Tat Lang 3,352.75 776.413 323.00 174.94 108.72 73.70 24.80 10.44 5.65 2 Pu Tien 1,358.51 310.55 130.87 70.89 44.04 29.85 10.04 4.23 2.28 3 Na Luong 1,806.93 413.05 174.09 94.28 57.59 39.73 13.36 5.62 3.04 4 Kim Tien 1,440.08 329.19 138.74 75.14 46.70 31.65 10.66 4.48 2.43 5 Khu Vang 1,282.40 293.15 123.54 66.92 41.59 28.18 9.49 4.0 2.16 90 TSP concentration at distances from the emission source (µg/m3) No. Location 5m 10 m 15 m 20 m 25 m 30 m 50 m 75 m 100 m QCVN 300 µg/m3 05:2013/BTNMT (Total suspended particles, average in 1 hour) The results of dust concentration distribution showed that the average dust concentration in 1 hour on construction sites at the excavation sites exceeded the permissible limit according to QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT within a distance of 5m from the emission source. Dust concentration decreases gradually with distance, because the volume of excavation and filling on the construction sites is not high, the dust concentration is lower than permissible level at position >20m. In general, the concentration of dust generated from excavation and backfilling activities can affect the air environment. However, construction activities are conducted at different periods and not concentrated in one place, but dispersed on the subproject site, so the actual concentration will be lower than the theoretical calculation. High dust concentration is mainly in the construction site, the directly affected object is the workers at the construction site and this dust is only generated during the construction period and will end when the construction process is completed. No residential areas are affected by dust from the subproject's earthworks because the distance between residential areas and construction sites is quite far. Some households living closest to the construction site were identified as households in Kim Tien reservoir area, located about 70m from the construction site. It can be seen that, in the condition of large space, short and intermittent construction time, the impact of dust from the excavation and backfill process is assessed at moderate level.. (ii) Dust and emission generated from transportation activities The transportation of materials and soil, rocks generates dust, but it is difficult to predict the exact level of impact because it is not possible to determine the cleanliness of the transport road, the cleanliness of the wheels, the vehicle load, etc. at the time of transportation. Results of air quality monitoring at a number of projects during the construction phase in the areas of Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen districts (Example: Project to build irrigation system for sloping land in Bac Quang district and Quang Binh, Ha Giang province, 2020), in places with similar transportation conditions, the average dust concentration exceeded the permissible limit according to QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT by 2 ÷ 3 times, and on a windy, sunny day, the dust generated can exceed the permissible limit by up to 4 times, if no effective preventive measures are taken. The dust concentration only reaches the permissible limit at the range > 80m from the center of the transportation road, downwind. However, most of the transportation routes serving the subproject are located far from residential areas and transportation is not continuous, so dust from the road affects people, social life and the environment on both sides of transportation road is not high. Level of the impact is assessed as moderate. (iii) Dust and emission from operation of construction equipment and transportation means • Dust and emission from operation of construction equipment Horizontal compensation construction activities are understood as activities of vehicles and equipment used for construction within the construction site (concrete mixers, drills, generators...). Forecasting the total amount and load of dust and emissions generated from fuel combustion of construction equipment (horizontal compensation) are based on: - The amount of diesel consumed by construction equipment; 91 - Emission coefficient (according to WHO -1993) when burning 1 ton diesel (kg pollutant/ton oil): 4.3 kg Dust; 20S kg SO2 (S is sulfur content in diesel, according to QCVN 01:2007/BKHCN S=0,05%); 55kg NO2; 28kg CO and 12kg HC; - Scope and time of construction for each work item: The time for construction equipment to operate is mainly the time of digging, embankment, and execution of concrete work. Table 5. 8: Load of dust and emission from construction equipment Fuel Load of dust(mg/s) demand Time No. Location (ton of (month) TSP SO2 NO2 CO HC diesel) 1 Tat Lang 11.3 6 9.1 0.02 113.2 58.6 25.1 2 Pu Tien 2.8 6 2.25 0.0050 28.05 14.52 6.22 3 Na Luong 7.46 6 6.01 0.0132 74.73 38.69 16.57 4 Kim Tien 6.68 6 5.38 0.0118 66.92 34.64 14.84 5 Khu Vang 9.43 6 7.59 0.0167 94.47 48.90 20.95 Total 37.67 30.34 0.07 377.37 195.35 83.67 To calculate the diffusion concentration of dust and exhaust gas due to the operation of construction equipment in the subproject area, Gauss model is applied, formula 5.4 (presented above). Calculation results of concentrations of TSP, SO2, CO and NO2 components on the construction sites are as follows: Table 5. 9: Diffusion concentration of dust in the air due to construction equipment Unit: µg/m3 No. Location TSP SO2 CO NO2 3 3 3 (µg/m (µg/m (µg/m ) (µg/m3) I Distance of 5m 1 Tat Lang 6.894 0.015 85.758 44.394 2 Pu Tien 1.71 0.00 21.25 11.00 3 Na Luong 4.55 0.01 56.62 29.31 4 Kim Tien 4.08 0.01 50.70 26.24 5 Khu Vang 5.75 0.01 71.57 37.05 II Distance of 10m 1 Tat Lang 5.91 0.01 73.51 38.05 2 Pu Tien 1.46 0.0032 18.21 9.43 3 Na Luong 3.90 0.0086 48.53 25.12 4 Kim Tien 3.49 0.0077 43.45 22.49 5 Khu Vang 4.93 0.0108 61.34 31.75 III Distance of 25m 1 Tat Lang 4.89 0.0108 60.86 31.51 2 Pu Tien 1.21 0.0027 15.08 7.81 3 Na Luong 3.23 0.0071 40.18 20.80 4 Kim Tien 2.89 0.0064 35.98 18.62 5 Khu Vang 4.08 0.0090 50.79 26.29 IV Distance of 50m 1 Tat Lang 3.50 0.0077 43.54 22.54 2 Pu Tien 0.87 0.0019 10.79 5.58 3 Na Luong 2.31 0.0051 28.74 14.88 92 No. Location TSP SO2 CO NO2 (µg/m3 (µg/m3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 4 Kim Tien 2.07 0.0045 25.74 13.32 5 Khu Vang 2.92 0.0064 36.33 18.81 QCVN 300 50 30.000 200 05:2013/BTNMT Based on the calculation results in the table above, it shows that TSP and pollutant gas concentrations are lower than the permissible limit according to QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, because the amount of diesel used in the operation of construction equipment is not high, the surrounding is quite spacious and open, so the emissions and dust generated are insignificant. However, for workers who directly work on the construction site, they need to be equipped with labor protection equipment to minimize the direct impacts when exposed to the above emissions during the construction period. • Dust and emission from operation of construction equipment All construction materials are purchased in Vinh Tuy town, Viet Quang town of Bac Quang district and Vi Xuyen town of Vi Xuyen district, which are construction material supply areas near the construction site. 10 Ton trucks (with tarpaulin cover) are mainly used to transport materials. The total volume of materials transported to each construction site with the corresponding transportation distance is described as the following summary table: Table 5. 10: Summary quantity of construction material and transportation distance Total Quantity of Quantity The amount transporting of shift maximum Work Distance Transportin TT of means per day transporting item (km) g road material (shift/ distance per (ton) vehicle) day (Km) 1 Tat Lang 4,966.49 496 2-3 20,6 123.6 The route 2 Pu Tien 2,220.42 222 1-2 16,2 64.8 from center of Bac Quang 3 Na Luong 3,728.13 372 2-3 19,9 119.4 and Vi Xuyen districts to the 4 4,551.89 455 2-3 24,3 145.8 construction Kim Tien site is mainly grade 5 and 6 road, there are houses 5 6,922.53 692 4-5 20,5 205 living along the route, no sensitive Khu Vang subjects. The degree of dust pollution from transport vehicles depends heavily on road quality, vehicle density, technical quality of vehicles on site and fuel consumption. The load of pollutants is calculated based on the "Pollution factor" established by the World Health Organization (WHO) as follows: 93 Table 5. 11: Emission factor of typical mobile waste sources (Unit: kg/1000 km) Vehicle Dust SO2 NOX CO VOC Pb Motors Engine 2 ( < 50cc) 0.12 0.36S 0.05 10 6 Engine 2( > 50cc) 0.12 0.6S 0.08 22 15 Engine 4 (> 50cc) 0.76S 0.3 20 3 Trucks Within the urban areas Engine < 1.400cc 0.07 1.27S 1.5 15.73 2.23 0.09P Engine 1.400-2.000cc 0.07 1.62S 1.78 15.73 2.23 0.11P Engine > 2.000cc 0.07 1.85S 2.51 15.73 2.23 0.13P Outside the urban areas Engine < 1.400cc 0.05 0.80S 2.06 6.99 1.05 0.05P Engine 1.400-2.000cc 0.05 0.97S 2.31 6.99 1.05 0.07P Engine > 2.000cc 0.05 1.17S 3.14 6.99 1.05 0.08P Highways Engine < 1.400cc 0.05 0.96S 2.85 3.56 0.69 0.07P Engine 1.400-2.000cc 0.05 1.08S 3.10 3.56 0.69 0.07P Engine > 2.000cc 0.05 1.36S 4.09 3.56 0.69 0.09P Heavy trucks using gasoline Within the urban areas 0.4 4.5S 4.5 70 7 0.31P Outside the urban areas 0.45 3.7S 7.5 55 5.5 0.25P Highways 0.6 3.3S 7.5 50 3.5 0.22P Trucks<3.5 ton, using diesel Within the urban areas 0.2 1.16S 0.7 1.0 0.15 Outside the urban areas 0.15 0.34S 0.55 0.85 0.4 Highway 0.3 1.3S 1.0 1.25 0.4 Trucks 3.5-16 ton using diesel Within the urban areas 0.9 4.29S 11.8 6.0 2.6 Outside the urban areas 0.9 4.15S 14.4 2.9 0.8 Highway 0.9 4.15S 14.4 2.9 0.8 Trucks >16 ton, using diesel Within the urban areas 1.6 7.26S 18.2 7.3 2.6 Outside the urban areas 1.6 7.43S 24.1 3.7 3.0 Highway 1.3 6.1S 19.8 3.1 2.4 Buses using diesel Within the urban areas 1.4 6.6S 16.5 6.6 5.3 Outside the urban areas 1.2 5.61S 18.2 2.8 2.2 Highway 0.9 6.11S 13.9 2.1 1.7 Source: Rapid inventory technique in environmental control, WHO – 1993 Notes: S is the sulfur content in gasoline (%); 94 P is the lead content in the fuel (g/l). When operating, construction machine and transportation trucks mainly consume diesel (DO) so they emit a large amount of smoke into the environment, containing air pollutants such as CO, NOx, CO, CO2,... Vehicles used to transport materials are mainly 10 tons trucks, in addition, he level of emissions depends on many factors such as air temperature, vehicle speed, transport distance, types of engine and fuels, and pollution control measures. The WHO also provides a method to estimate the pollutant load for vehicles with payload 3.5-16 tons using diesel as shown in the table below: Table 5. 12: Pollutant emissions of large trucks per 1000 km transportation distance or 1 ton of fuel consumed Dust SO2 NOx CO HC Vehicles Unit kg/unit kg/unit kg/unit kg/unit kg/unit Heavy-duty trucks 1000km 0.9 4.29S 14.4 2.9 0.8 (3.5-16 ton) Source: WHO, 1993 Note: S is the percentage of sulfur in the fuel. Normally, gasoline contains 0.039 - 0.15% and diesel oil contains 0.05%. Vehicles used to transport materials serving 05 construction sites of the subproject are mainly 10-ton trucks, using fuel as diesel oil, so calculation of emissions from transportation activities will use emission factors as shown in Table 5.11 and based on the distance traveled by vehicles. A summary of emissions generated is shown in the following table. Table 5. 13: Load of emissions from means of transport Numbe Transportatio Transportatio Load of emissions No. Work r of n distance n distance / (kg/day) trip/day (Km) day (Km) Dust SO2 NO2 CO Tat 0.11 0.51 1.78 0.35 1 3 20.6 123.6 Lang 1 3 0 8 Pu 0.05 0.26 0.93 0.18 2 2 16.2 64.8 Tien 8 9 3 8 Na 0.10 0.49 1.71 0.34 3 Luon 3 19.9 119.4 7 6 9 6 g Kim 0.13 0.60 2.10 0.42 4 3 24.3 145.8 Tien 1 5 0 3 Khu 0.18 0.85 2.95 0.59 5 5 20.5 205 Vang 5 1 2 5 To calculate the ability to spread dust and emissions during the transportation of construction materials, it is calculated according to the Sutton model (adapted on the basis of the Gauss model) according to the following formula: 95 Where: C : Concentration of pollutants in the air (mg/m3) E : Load of pollutant from the emission source (mg/m3/s) z : Calculation point elevation, calculated at a height of 1m. h : The height of the road surface compared to the surrounding ground (m), considering the road surface is equal to the ground, h = 0.5m u : Average wind speed in the area from January to June = 0.9-1.0 (m/s) δz Pollutant diffusion coefficient in the z direction. The diffusion coefficient αz depends on the initial diffusion of exhaust gases from vehicles participating in traffic on the road, which is hypothesized to be ejected into the stream. The value of the horizontal diffusion coefficient is calculated according to Slade with the atmospheric stability of B (which is the region-specific atmospheric stability level) according to the distance x (m) from the calculated point to pollution source in the wind is calculated according to the formula: δz = 0.53 X0.73 Applying the above formula and the pollutant emission load, the concentration of pollutant emissions from the means of transport is calculated as follows: Table 5. 14: Air pollutant concentration from transportation vehicles Maximu m transport No Works Dust (mg/m3) SO2 (mg/m3) NO2 (mg/m3) CO (mg/m3) distance per day (km) 1 Tat Lang 123.6 0.054 0.249 0.434 0.174 2 Pu Tien 64.8 0.036 0.166 0.288 0.116 3 Na Luong 119.4 0.052 0.245 0.432 0.174 4 Kim Tien 145.8 0.056 0.252 0.436 0.174 5 Khu Vang 205 0.090 0.415 0.720 0.290 QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT 0.3 0.35 0.2 30 According to the estimated results, the pollution concentration can reach the highest level as above table. During transportation process, the air environment on both sides of the roads may be slightly polluted by NO2 gas (NO2 concentration is 2-3 times higher than the allowable limit according to QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT), arising from the burning of diesel fuel. However, the two sides of the transportation roads are sparsely populated, mainly acacia forests and hills growing fruit trees and tea of the people, and the contractor will still apply measures to minimize 96 air pollution during the transportation of materials. Therefore, the impact of emissions caused by means of transportation along the transportation route is assessed to be moderate. 2. Impacts from solid waste Domestic solid waste: According to the statistics and construction planning projects approved by MONRE, domestic solid waste generated from projects similar to the subproject is about 0.5 kg/person/day. Total of domestic solid waste arising from 05 projects is about 112.5 kg/day (Average 22.5 kg/day/ 1 construction site). The amount of domestic waste generated from the construction of 05 reservoirs is not high and most of the waste is organic (food waste) packaging, plastic, cans, bottles. If they are not collected and treated, discharged into the environment, it is likely to be dispersed into reservoir beds, streams, and drainage channels around the area construction area pollutes the water source, affecting the irrigation water for agriculture. If stored on the construction site for a long time, organic waste will decompose causing stench, creating conditions for bacteria and harmful organisms to grow, directly affecting the health of workers on the construction site and the landscape of the area.. Therefore, the contractor should arrange domestic waste containers with lids on construction sites (1 bin/1 construction site) and contract with a licensed environmental agent to collect and treat domestic waste, so the impact is rated as low Construction solid waste: According to the investment report of the subproject with additional 05 reservoirs, the solid waste is mainly excess soil left from the excavated soil used for backfilling during construction. While waiting for embankment work, excavated soil is stored at the temporary storage sites on the construction sites. Since the volume of excavated soil does not significantly increase at the same time, but gradually depending on items under construction, and it is utilized for backfilling so the areas of temporary storage are not large. The total volume of excavated soil and corresponding temporary storage areas are described in detail in the following table. Table 5. 15: Volume of excavated soil and excess soil by works Total volume of Excavated soil for Excess soil No. Works excavated soil backfilling (m3) (m3) (m3) 1 Tat Lang 7,909.50 3,559.28 4,350.23 2 Pu Tien 4,090.81 1,840.86 2,249.95 3 Na Luong 6,176.09 2,779.24 3,396.85 4 Kim Tien 5,044.07 2,269.83 2,774.24 5 Khu Vang 4,112.18 1,850.48 2,261.70 Solid construction waste is mainly soil digging for foundation works; packaging of cement, other materials; damaged or redundant materials; spilled concrete... are sustainable solid wastes that are difficult to decompose, which, if not collected and treated, will cause great impacts on the water and soil environment. Construction waste spilled into the reservoir bed causes sedimentation of the reservoir bed, affecting the life of aquatic species in the reservoir, affecting water drainage and quality of irrigation water for agriculture. In addition, solid waste in the transportation of the above-mentioned volume of materials may be scattered along the transportation route at 05 construction sites, rural roads, residential roads and inland roads in the project communes affecting traffic safety of road users. Besides, it also causes a loss of landscape of the surrounding environment. Therefore, the management and treatment of construction solid waste will be strictly implemented by the investor and contractor to reduce the impacts of construction solid waste on the environment. 97 The above excess soil is taken to the landfill which is about 2km from the construction site (for the works of Khu Vang reservoir in Vi Xuyen district), 0.4-2km from the project (for the works in Bac Quang district), or reused to compact the foot of dam, tighten the lower roof (within the dam safety corridor), after construction, grass will be planted to create a landscape. The disposal sites are located in the area of communes where the project is located. The excess soil is mainly composed of organic soil, so it does not affect the surrounding environment of the disposal sites. The selected landfills all are located in low-lying vacant areas and the project will apply technical measures during the dumping process to mitigate landslides at the disposal sites and also apply environmental restoration measures at the disposal sites after the construction is completed. As such, the impact of excess soil at the disposal sites is not large and can be minimized. The locations of the disposal sites by work items has been agreed between the People's Committees of the communes in the project area, the project owner, the representatives of the design consultancy unit. A meeting of the disposal sites has been prepared. Solid waste generated on construction sites are generally inert and non-toxic substances. Some of the solid waste can recycled or reused for other purposes. Given that the control of solid waste implemented regularly, the impact due to solid waste is assessed to be low. 3. Impact on environment due to hazardous waste generation: Hazardous waste is usually generated from workers’ camps, machine/equipment repairing shops or places along the transport roads, including grease-contaminating rags and papers associated with equipment cleaning and repairing, plastic or metal containers of gasoline, oil, lubricant, grease. The volume of hazardous solid waste in the construction phase is not high. Hazardous solid waste generated from the camps and repair points is estimated to be about 3-5 kg / day / construction site. This waste is collected and treated by a licensed agency so the impact is considered to be low. Hazardous waste such as batteries, light bulbs, etc., are generated at worker camps, with small volume (1-2kg/site, during the entire construction period of 6 months/reservoir). If this amount of hazardous waste is not collected but discharged into the environment, it will affect the quality of the surrounding soil, accumulate for a long time, and affect the growth and development of trees in the area around the reservoirs. Besides, hazardous wastes have a high risk of penetrating into the reservoirs, decomposing hazardous substances dissolved in water, seriously affecting the aquatic ecosystem of the reservoirs, people using the water in downstream during long time. Therefore, it is very necessary to collect and treat hazardous wastes in accordance with regulations. (Units with adequate function to collect and treat hazardous waste of the project such as Phu Ha Environment Limited Company) Waste oil and lubricant: Waite oil and lubricant are classified as hazardous waste according to the regulations on hazardous waste management. This waste is generated from maintenance and repair services of construction machinery and transport vehicles. The amount of oil and grease generated during construction depends on the following factors: â–ª Number of transport trucks and construction machinery on site. â–ª Amount of grease and oil generated from the transportation and operation of the construction machinery. â–ª Oil change cycle and maintenance services of machinery and equipment. â–ª Grease-contaminating rags from the maintenance of construction equipment. According to data from construction projects, the average amount of oil and grease discharged from the maintenance of motor vehicles is 7 liters / time. The oil change and maintenance services are usually taken place every 3 months. During the peak construction period, the 98 number of transportation vehicles and construction machines that need oil change is 12 trucks/machines per work. As such, the amount of oil and grease generated per site is: (12 devices x 7 liters / time) / 3 months = 28 liters of oil / month. If this amount of grease not well managed, it will infiltrate with rainwater into the water source in reservoirs, seriously affecting the quality of water supplied for agricultural irrigation, affecting the aquatic system in the reservoirs bed (causing the phenomenon of grease scum, blocking the ability of aquatic species to exchange oxygen and sunlight, causing mass death, or grease causing bioaccumulation in aquatic species, etc.). Besides, if grease penetrates into the soil, it may affect the growth and development of flora around that area. Regarding the handling of hazardous waste on site, the subproject has a strict environmental safeguard policy included in the ECOP and bidding documents. Hazardous waste generated is collected and treated by a licensed agency with appropriate functions so the impact level is considered to be moderate. 4. Impact from wastewater During the repairing and upgrading of 05 reservoirs, wastewater is primarily generated from the following activities: â–ª Runoff on the construction sites; â–ª Wastewater from the construction of concrete items, foundation pits; â–ª Domestic wastewater from the workers on the construction sites; â–ª Impacts due to grouting, waterproofing activities Impact from runoff rainfall water Rainwater overflowing on the construction sites drags along with soil, sand, and grease from vehicles, construction machinery and equipment into the environment, contaminating water bodies. The construction is primarily carried out in the dry season. The construction involves land clearing, leveling, gathering of soil and materials. As such, rainwater could carry soil and materials further into the environment, increasing turbidity in water bodies and affecting aquatic habitat and agricultural production. However, during the entire construction process, the contractor will apply mitigation measures to control the runoff to minimize impacts to water bodies and irrigation. Impacts from runoff water is assessed as low. Impact from construction wastewater Construction wastewater generated from concrete mixers and concreting is in small volume but highly concentrated. Without proper collection of such construction wastewater, it could contribute into an increased turbidity in water bodies and pollute water sources due to high alkalinity from concrete. The discharge of construction wastewater into the environment could also causes in sedimentation due to the combination of concentrated sediments, water, cement and sand in the wastewater. This subsequently impacts agricultural production and groundwater quality. If construction wastewater enters surface water in reservoirs, canals and streams, will affect the quality of irrigation water for agricultural production and domestic use, causing adverse impacts on human health (recently, many houses still use spring water for domestic use). In addition, there may be indirect effects on groundwater quality as follows: Na Luong and Khu Vang reservoirs have waterproofing drilling activities. During the treatment process, there is a deep drilling into the dam body or surrounding permeable areas and applying waterproofing materials such as a mixture of clay and cement into the ground. Geological exploration drilling with deep holes is done in all sites of construction. If the borehole is not sealed after the above works are completed, construction wastewater and overflowing rainwater may enter through the drilled holes, causing groundwater pollution in the area around the 99 boreholes. However, the number of drills is small (5-10 drills/site), the drilling area only focuses on the focal cluster area, so the impact on groundwater is assessed to be small. Construction wastewater is also generated from cleaning of transport trucks. It is estimated that each truck consumes about 100 liters of water for cleaning per time. With the car wash frequency is two times per day, leading to the total water consumption of about 2.0 m3/day. According to the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Civil Engineering, concentrations of pollutants in construction wastewater from the above activities are presented in the following table: Table 5. 16: Concentrations of pollutants in construction wastewater No. Parameters Unit Concentration QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT 1 pH - 6.99 5.5 – 9 2 SS mg/l 663 100 3 COD mg/l 641 100 4 BOD5 mg/l 429 50 5 NH4+ mg/l 9.6 10 6 Total N mg/l 49 30 7 Total P mg/l 4.3 6 8 Fe mg/l 0.7 5 9 Zn mg/l 0.004 3 10 Pb mg/l 0.055 0,5 11 As mg/l 0.3 100 12 Grease mg/l 0.02 5 13 Coliform MPN/100ml 53 x 104 5,000 Due to the relatively high content of grease and suspended matters, all the parameters measured in the construction wastewater exceed the national technical regulation (QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT (level A)). If this wastewater is discharged directly into the environment, it could pollute surface water (especially water in reservoirs and streams in the project area), land due to high contents of solid matters (TSS is 6 times higher than permissible limit) and high content of organic matters (BOD5, COD is 6-8 times higher than permissible limit). Vehicles are recommended to be cleaned, changed grease at parking lots and garages, do not carry out these activities on the construction site, the water to wash the wheels before leaving the construction site is led into the settling pit before being discharged to the environment. On the other hand, the volume of transporting raw materials and equipment for each reservoir is not high (2-5 trips/reservoir/day), the volume of transport vehicles is not high, so the amount of construction wastewater is high. However, if this type of wastewater is not collected and treated, but discharged directly into the environment, it will pollute surface water in reservoirs, groundwater, soil, sanitation and landscape of construction areas, and affect workers' health on construction sites and local people use the water from the reservoir. Measures to reduce construction wastewater are described in detail in Chapter 7, included by the investor and construction contractors as one of the requirements of the construction contract. Impact is assessed as medium. Impacts from domestic wastewater According to TCXDVN 33:2006 for Vi Xuyen and Bac Quang districts, the average daily water consumption per person in rural area is about 40-60 liters/person/day. However, for workers living on the construction site, the selected daily-life water supply is 40 liters/person/day. The amount of domestic wastewater is calculated by the amount of water supplied, so the amount of domestic wastewater generated during the construction process is as follows: 100 40 liters/person/day x 45 people/site = 1.8 m3/day The amount of domestic wastewater of 1.8m3/day/site is not high, however domestic wastewater which characterized by high contents of organic substances, total P, total N, BOD5, TSS, coliform is likely to pollute the receiving water bodies, water in reservoirs when it penetrating or contaminate areas with stagnant water and this subsequently attracts infectious vectors, affecting workers’ health. Therefore, domestic wastewater should be treated appropriately before discharging into the environment to minimize impacts on the environment. The construction spreads over 05 construction sites of the reservoirs and it is intermittent. To ensure environmental hygiene and living conditions for workers, the constructors will arrange workers living in rental houses from local people with hygienic toilets to serve for workers’ living activities or arrange mobile toilets (with basic wastewater treatment system) at worker’s camps. Since then, domestic wastewater can be controlled by mitigation measures (applying mobile toilets with basic wastewater treatment system not discharging directly into environment, etc.). The impact is assessed to be medium level. Impacts due to grouting, waterproofing activities Grouting and waterproofing activities are applied for 02/05 reservoirs including Na Luong and Khu Vang reservoir. + Grouting for waterproofing for Na Luong dam with a length of 39m. Grouting with cement mortar combined with clay (cement ratio 30%) in the dam and the ground, cement mortar creates a waterproof membrane for the rock foundation. The top of grouting starts from the same elevation of normal water level, the grouting depth is h= 9.4m; + Grouting for waterproofing for Khu Vang dam with a length of 158m. Grouting with cement mortar combined with clay (cement ratio 30%) in the dam and the ground, cement mortar creates a waterproof membrane for the rock foundation. The top of grouting starts from same elevation of normal water level, the grouting depth is h= 9.5m. Grouting for waterproofing activities that use equipment such as drills, plunger pumps, mixers ... Grouting for waterproofing activities cause noise, vibration, and dust pollution that directly affects workers on the construction site. Waterproofing substances such as clay, cement, mortar... can penetrate into the water of Khu Vang and Na Luong reservoir, causing water pollution. However, the contractor performing the drilling activities is selected by the investor with reputable and experienced who strictly follow the drilling procedures such as: sealing the holes after drilling for waterproofing, not executing on rainy days, waterproofing materials are mixed in specialized mixing tanks…so the impact of waterproofing drilling on the environment is controlled and minimized. This impact is considered to be small. B. Impacts not relating to waste 1. Impact from increased noise and vibration (i) Noise With a total of 12-16 machinery and equipment working on the construction site, noise mainly comes from excavation and earthworks and transportation. In which, the bulldozers have an average noise level ranging from 77-95 dBA, followed by excavators (72-96 dBA) and trucks (70-96 dBA). According to the national technical regulations, the permissible noise level of bulldozers and excavators is 90 dBA and that for trucks is 88 dBA. As such, operating machines and vehicles may cause higher noise than the permitted levels. Noise has a negative impact on workers on site and causes discomfort to residents living in the vicinity of the site. A prolonging exposure to noise can cause hearing loss, fatigue, stress, insomnia, and reduced work 101 productivity. A person who exposes to excessive noise for 8 hours per day for many months, can suffer from high blood pressure, impaired nervous system and occupational deafness. For each work item, noise generated is calculated from the specific noise level of the machinery and equipment. The distance to assess the noise impact on the surrounding residential areas is selected from 20m-50m. Table 5. 17: Maximum noise level of equipment and machinery No Construction Noise level 1 m Noise level 20 m Noise level 50 m vehicles from the source from the source from the source (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) 1 Bulldozers 93 64 59 2 Excavator 72 - 84 52 44 3 Rollers 72 - 74 47 39 4 Concrete mixer 75 - 88 55.5 47.5 5 Truck 82 - 94 62 54 QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT - 70 dBA (6 - 21h) for common areas Ministry of health standards: noise in production areas: 8-hour exposure time is 85 dBA The results showed that, at a distance of 20 meters from the noise source, the noise level from the vehicle is within the allowable limits of QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT and standards set out by the Ministry of Health. The calculated results also showed that the maximum influence radius of noise generated from the operation of machinery, equipment and facilities is 50m (Outside of this range people are less affected and able to operate normally during 21 hours of exposure). Therefore, the noise impact only affects workers on the construction site. In addition, the subproject is located far away from the residential areas (outside of the radius of influence), and the population density in the subproject areas is low. There is a high density of trees around the subproject, so noise impacts are assessed to be medium and can be controlled by mitigation measures proposed in chapter 7. (iv) Impacts from vibration The vibration generated during the construction phase is mainly caused by excavators, drills and concrete mixers, which directly affects the working ability and health of workers on the construction site. However, vibration-generating activities only occur at a certain time and are short, do not occur at the same time as the above activities, the surrounding construction area is mainly trees, hills (the nearest household is more than 70m from Khu Vang reservoir), there is no infrastructure or roads, so the impact level of vibration is assessed as small. The operation of machines and vehicles during construction may cause ground vibration which can transmit through soil environment but greatly subside with distance. The level of vibration of some construction equipment is as follows. Table 5. 18: Vibration from some construction equipment Devices PPV at 7.62 m (mm/s) Corresponding Lv at 7.62 m (dB) No 1 Compactors 0.064 94 2 Drill 0.027 87 3 Heavy truck 0.023 86 4 Concrete mixer 0.023 88 102 Source: D.J. Martin. 1980, J.F. Wiss.1974, J.F. Wiss. 1967, David A. Towers. 1995 In fact, workers on site will be directly affected. QCVN 27:2016/BYT: National technical regulation on vibration - Allowable value at the workplace and QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on vibration - normal area limit value for construction activities (75dB) shall be complied with to ensure the health of the workers. The average vibration acceleration and velocity by frequency ranges must not exceed the following values. Table 5. 19: Vibration levels allowed at work Permitted levels Frequency range (Hz) Vibration speed Vibration acceleration (m/s2) (10-2 m/s) 8(5.6-11.2) 1.4 2.8 16 (11.2-22.4) 1.4 1.4 31.5 (22.4-45) 2.7 1.4 63 (45-90) 5.4 1.4 125 (90-180) 10.7 1.4 250 (180-355) 21.3 1.4 500 (355-700) 42.5 1.4 1000 (700-1400) 85.0 1.4 The construction equipment of the subproject includes pile driving machine, compactors, truck, concrete mixers. Based on the vibration accretion and vibration by frequency ranges presented in the above table, the impact of vibration generated from the subproject implementation is negligible. The vibration receptors are mainly workers and nearby structures. The construction sites of the subproject are far from residential areas (50-200m). Given that the construction sites are open spaces; construction equipment and machines are regularly inspected and maintenance; construction equipment and construction solutions have been selected, considering vibration generation, the level of impact due to vibration is low. The areas affected by noise and vibration are construction sites. Noise pollution is of a local nature, mainly affecting workers on the construction site, surrounded mainly by trees, hills, far from residential areas, so the impact of noise and vibration can be assessed as low. 2. Ecological impact Aquatic ecosystem: Construction activities such as excavation, draining water for construction, drilling, and pouring concrete may arise solid waste and wastewater which may penetrate into the reservoir and increase turbidity in the reservoir and contaminate water. Land encroachment causes loss of habitat, threaten lives of aquatic species such as fish, and reduce photosynthesis ability of algae… Contaminated water in the reservoirs may cause adverse impacts on the habitat of fish and other aquatic species, affecting aquatic ecosystem. The reservoirs are assessed to have a poor aquatic biodiversity, mainly natural freshwater fish such as carp, catfish and some other aquatic animals such as shrimps, snails, crabs, etc. will fully recover after the reservoir construction activities are completed and the reservoirs put into operation. Therefore, the impact of the construction phase on the aquatic ecosystem is assessed as low level. Terrestrial ecosystem: The leveling process will cause loss of habitat, affecting reproduction and even cause death of terrestrial species such as insects, snakes, frogs, dust and exhaust gas from construction activities can affect terrestrial flora and fauna in the subproject areas and their surroundings. Dust can limit the photosynthesis of green plants. Gas emissions such as SO2, CO, H2S can cause diseases on leaves and affect the development of green plants. However, this impact does not result in significant impacts on the development of surrounding vegetation. The removal of trees, vegetation and top soil layer often cause soil erosion. The 103 impacts are short-term and local in the construction areas. Moreover, the local ecosystem will quickly bounce back and even better thrive upon the completion of construction so the impact level on terrestrial ecosystem is evaluated as low level. Due to the application of measures to minimize wastewater, solid waste and hazardous waste during the entire construction period (6 months/reservoir), the impact level of the construction process on the ecosystem is low. 3. Social impacts Health and safety of community In addition to environmental issues, construction activities will result in an increased number of transport vehicles in the subproject areas, leading to potential risks of traffic accidents and injuries to the local communities. There are households residing along the roads, near the construction site, so traffic accidents may happen due to the spillage of materials from transport trucks. In the construction process, the gathering of workers in the subproject areas may potentially increase spreading infectious diseases and this subsequently threats the health of workers and local residents. Infectious diseases threating human health are usually originated from poor hygiene and living conditions. The commonly infectious diseases associated with labor influx for construction are sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, ... Impacts due to concentration of many workers Construction activities require about 225 workers from other provinces to gather in 05 construction sites (about 45 workers per work). This labor influx is mainly comprised of key personnel and high-skilled workers (local workers are only for simple tasks). Given this, there are potentially social impacts such as social security and social disorder, particularly: i) Potential impacts of spreading infectious diseases from workers to local communities and vice versa; ii) Potential impact of prostitution, drugs and gambling; iii) potential conflicts between workers and local communities due to differences in culture, behavior and religions iv) conflicts on sharing local service infrastructures such as electricity and water supply and transportation systems, leading to disruption in electricity and water supply or traffic congestion in the areas; and v) large concentration of workers from other localities can lead to outbreak of Covid-19 epidemic. In Ha Giang province, the epidemic is developing complicatedly. Meanwhile, in Vi Xuyen district, Bac Quang province, there have also been many F0 cases, so the risk of an outbreak on the construction site is great. However, the investor and the construction unit will apply safety measures including labor management on the construction site, temporary residence registration for workers, regular check, implementation of medical declarations and 5k measures on the construction site, dissemination on disease prevention measures and appropriate code of conduct…So that, the social impacts due to the large concentration of workers are controlled and minimized. Therefore, the impact of the concentration of large number of workers on community health and safety is assessed at a medium level. Gender violence impact Gender violence is any gender-based violence that leads to, or is likely to result in, physical or sexual or psychological loss or suffering for women, including threatening, coercing... For construction works, gender violence can happen as far as: â–ª Mental violence: is the most common and most diverse way of violence to control and dominate women and children mentally; 104 â–ª Physical violence: is a common behavior, often appearing after a controlled period and has imposed power, dominating people with mental violence, includes slaps, punches, kicks, use of weapons, knives, and guns to inflict or kill a person who is violated; â–ª Sexual violence: behavior that is likely to occur after mental violence and physical violence or appear independently because of increased levels of violence and the pathological manifestation of the violent person with the highest intention to control and humiliate women. It can be seen that the construction on the site is temporary and closely monitored by the relevant units, so acts of gender violence are very unlikely. Therefore, the impact is rated as low Impact of children labor abuse During construction, there is risk that the employer fails to comply with the regulations, leading to underage workers having to work hard, in dangerous and toxic work environment for many hours. Girls may be abused in prostitution-related jobs. Child labor may cause serious impacts on the physical, mental and psychological development of a child. Children need to have time for study, play and entertainment at their age (According to Labor Law No. 45/2019/QH14, employees are defined as >15 years old, healthy enough to perform the job). The Prime Minister has approved the program for prevention and reduction of child labor in the period 2016-2020. One of the objectives of the program is that working children when discovered will be supported and timely intervened. Moreover, most of the work in a construction is heavy work so it is not suitable for children, therefore the impact is rated as low. Impact of epidemic, infectious diseases During construction process of the project (6 months/reservoir), diseases such as dysentery, typhoid, eye pain, etc. may occur due to unsanitary living conditions, food and drinking water of workers, leading to disease spread in the construction site and in the locality. Besides the common diseases, the situation of Covid-19 epidemic in Ha Giang province is developing complicatedly. Many Covid-19 F0 cases have occurred in Vi Xuyen, Bac Quang district also have, so the risk of an outbreak on the construction site with 45 workers concentrating per site is high, leading to the spread of disease in the local community. Besides, trucks carrying materials often go in and out of the construction site, and drivers come into contact with many people in a large area, thus the possibility of spreading disease (especially Covid-19) in the community and in the construction camp area is very high. The project owner and construction contractors will fully apply measures to ensure hygiene, safety and suitable living conditions for workers, apply measures to declare health, vaccinate against Covid-19 for workers, comply with the 5k principle at the construction site, closely coordinate with the local health department to propagate epidemic prevention and control... So that, the above impacts will be controlled, the impact level is assessed as medium.. 4. Risks and accidents Occupational accidents. Occupational accidents can occur in any construction site during construction, Risk of Dam Failure and Landslide: Repairs and upgrades at the site of dam and the spillway will increase possibility of dam failure during construction as the dam may be temporarily weakened and damaged reducing the ability to regulate, especially on days with heavy rain. This risk is mitigated when construction activities are ensured to be carried out only during the dry season (05 reservoirs are all built within 06 months/ reservoir, construction of main items mainly takes place in the dry season months). 105 Fire, explosion and fuel leakage. Fire and explosion may occur during materials and waste transportation, fuel storing or due to failure of the power supply system. Such events could result in damages to properties and even threaten lives of workers or local residents. Welding: Welding produces extremely strong light and can cause serious injury to the eyes of workers. In extreme cases, it can lead to blindness. In addition, welding can create toxic fumes that prolonged exposure can cause chronic illness. Drowning: when construction is undertaken near water bodies, there is a risk of drowning. Electric shock: Construction activities may cause circuit risks, affecting the health of workers and people as well as their assets. The temporary power supply system for machinery and equipment during construction may fail, resulting in electric shocks or explosion to threaten lives of workers or damages to properties. Given that the construction items are not large, and the environmental safety policies are strictly followed and monitored, so the impact from risks and incidents is assessed to be medium. 5. Impacts on traffic safety and infrastructure Operation of vehicles serving the subproject will increase traffic density, affecting local traffic, causing road damages and congestion and potential traffic accidents if not complying with traffic laws. An increase in the number of vehicles to transport material in the subproject areas will put more pressure on local traffic, particularly along the transport routes. It is estimated that there are about 2-5 trips per day of materials and waste transportation with a load of 10 tons will be frequented along the access roads of 05 construction sites (National road 279 from Viet Quang town to the inter-commune road to the area of Vo Diem, Bang Hanh, Kim Ngoc communes; National road 2 from Vi Xuyen town to the inter-commune road of Bach Ngoc commune). Transportation time is distributed according to the progress of using materials during the construction period of 6 months/ reservoir. The presence of transport trucks will increase the local traffic density and hence increase traffic risks in the localities. The transport routes pass through residential areas of 05 communes, where schools, markets and inter-communal traffic routes are present. However, construction is intermittent, during a period of 6 months/reservoir so this impact is manageable so it is assessed to be medium. 6. Artifact discovery Excavation, filling and leveling could lead to discovery of physical cultural heritages buried under the ground. However, all the works are located in areas where agricultural cultivation have been long undertaken. These subproject areas were assessed and confirmed that they are not archaeological sites so the probability of finding artifacts and physical cultural heritage is low. 5.3.3. Site-specific impacts during the construction phase Construction of different works of the subprojects may affect sensitive sites located near the construction sites. However, the impact is short-term and can be minimized, so the significance of the impact is assessed to be from low to moderate. Table 5. 20: Potential impacts on sensitive receptors in the construction phase Works Location /Description Potential impacts Level Dumping can cause dust, mud in rainy days, landslides in the Tat Lang Low surrounding area, affecting vegetation cover around the 106 Works Location /Description Potential impacts Level dumping site, waste land swept away with rainwater to downstream causing muddy, stagnant, affecting landscape. This area is located far from residential areas, surrounded by shrubs, so it does not affect human health and the The temporary dumping site is at the ecosystem, so the level of foot of the downstream of the dam, impact is assessed as low. surrounded mainly by acacia trees and shrubs. However, due to the slightly sloping terrain, when dumping waste, it should be compacted to prevent landslide The road to transport materials from The route from the inter- Lam village to Tat Lang reservoir commune road to Lam village and to the construction site is 2,118km long: of which 1,035km is a degraded concrete road bm=2.5m wide, the rest is a narrow, muddy dirt road. It is difficult to travel. Especially in the rainy season, it is impossible to use Low motor vehicles, creating many traffic risks. This impact is assessed as Low because it only affects traffic activities of the project and people in a small area. It can be minimized at the beginning of construction of Tat Lang reservoir Dumping can cause dust, mud in rainy days, landslides in the surrounding area, affecting vegetation cover around the dumping site, waste land swept away with rainwater to downstream causing muddy, Moder Na Luong stagnant, affecting landscape. ate The dump site at Chu Van Ngan's So the level of impact is pond, Kim Ngoc commune, 400m assessed as moderate. from the reservoir, surrounded mainly by acacia trees and shrubs. Households have the need to use excess land from the project for 107 Works Location /Description Potential impacts Level pond leveling, owned by the household. The road to transport materials to Na From the national highway Luong reservoir QL279, it is about 1.0km long road. Of which, 276m has not been solidified. The dirt road is small and narrow, making it difficult to transport materials, creating traffic risks. Low This impact is assessed as Low because it only affects the traffic of the project and people in the small area. It can be minimized at the beginning of the construction of Na Luong reservoir . -The construct and repair activities of the main works generate dust, noise, vibration, waste, wastewater, and the concentration of workers may affect the daily life of these households. - Affecting accessibility of household using the road Moder passing the main dam for daily ate There is 1 household (3 people) living. living near the main dam - Impact level is assessed as construction area (>70m from the moderate because it affects construction area). people's health and traffic The existing dam route is combined activities during the entire 6 with a traffic road to some months of construction Kim Tien households in Kim Tien village (about 7 households). The road to transport materials to The current condition of the Kim Tien reservoir material transport road is about 383.6m long, the road surface width is about 2.0- 4.0m. When it rains, the road is often muddy and difficult to move to the construction site. Difficulty in transporting Low materials, creating many traffic risks This impact is assessed as Low because it only affects the traffic of the project and people in the small area. It can be minimized at the beginning 108 Works Location /Description Potential impacts Level of the construction of Kim Tien reservoir - Construction activities may cause damage to transmission lines due to short circuits caused by operation of cranes and concrete pump trucks near transmission lines i.e. within the safety corridors of transmission lines; - Overhead power lines can be entangled by metal equipment, such as poles or ladders, and vehicles with metal crates. Vehicles or grounded metal objects brought close to overhead conductors can result in Moder collisions between wires and ate objects, without actual Near the main dam construction contact; area, there is 1 household living and - Workers working in the area there is an electric line going along with power transmission lines the construction and operation route may have an electric shock to Phai village, Bach Ngoc accident. Khu commune, Vi Xuyen district. - Causing power outages Vang affecting the daily life and production of the local community. - Impact level is assessed as moderate because it affects people's health and traffic activities during the entire 6 months of construction The road to transport materials from the inter-commune road to Khu Vang reservoir is 1.328 km long, a narrow dirt road b=2.5÷3.0m wide and has not been reinforced. When it rains, the road is often muddy The road to transport materials from and difficult to travel except inter-communal road to Khu Vang for rudimentary vehicles. It is reservoir difficulty in transporting materials, creating many traffic risks. This impact is assessed as Low because it only affects the traffic of the project and people in the small area. It can 109 Works Location /Description Potential impacts Level be minimized at the beginning of the construction of Khu Vang reservoir Grouting activities - Wastewater generated by washing boreholes will likely infiltrate the surrounding surface water bodies; - Impact on the groundwater Na Drilling and cement filling of the quality because the grout has Luong, project is carried out in the head not yet hardened; Low Khu dam. These activities aim to create a - Impact on the safety of Vang waterproof layer over the dam workers - The level of impact is assessed as Low because the drilling work will take place in short time, the implementation area is small, within the area of the focal cluster 5.3.4. Impacts during the operation phase When the construction of the subproject is completed, it will enter the operation phase, leading to some changes to the surrounding conditions. Apart from positive changes to the environment, there are some negligibly negative impacts to the socio-economic conditions as follows. i) Dam safety risks The reservoir with a large capacity when the dam breaks, it can cause large floods downstream. Dam failure can be caused by any one, or a combination, of the following: - Prolonged rain exceeds the regulating capacity of the reservoir; - Insufficient spillway capacity, leading to peak overflow; - Internal erosion caused by embankment or leakage of dam body or pipeline; - Improper maintenance, including dam breaking when removing trees, fixing internal leak problems, or keeping drains, valves, or other operating components up and running; - Improper design or use of incorrect building materials; - Landslide into reservoirs, causing water level increase leading to peak overflow; - Causes of destruction; - Earthquakes, which often cause longitudinal cracks at the crests of embankments, leading to dam failure; Throughout the subproject, repairing and upgrading work has been done to improve the dam safety and thus reduce the risk of dam breakdown. The scope of work identified for being repaired and upgraded to ensure the dame safety, is in accordance with QCVN 04- 05:2012/BNNPTNT: Subproject works with F <2,000 ha. All works under the subproject have a capacity of less than 2 million m3 so they are all graded as IV works. The flood testing frequency is 0.1% (according to WB) and this means that dam is only broken if the flood frequency exceeds 0.1%. Therefore, this designed frequency guaranteed a very high level of safety. 110 In the operation phase, when the flood exceeds the frequency of 0.1%, it may break the dam, particularly in the wet season (with flood discharge). If such even happens, it would cause flooding in the downstream areas, affecting the local agricultural and aquaculture production, transportation, trading and other activities (see Table 5.21). Impacts include: â–ª Scope: downstream of the dams in the subproject area; â–ª Environmental impacts: cause inundation in downstream areas of the dams, increase risks of erosion and landslides, damages to the canals; â–ª Economic impacts: Damages to property, crops, houses, infrastructure. Table 5. 21: Impacts from dam breakdown in the operation phase Items Affected area Number of Affected localities NO affected households 45 hectares of agricultural land, fish Lam village, Vo Diem 1 Tat Lang 62 ponds of households at commune, Bac Quang district the downstream areas 43 ha of agricultural land, the fish ponds of households at the Me Ha village, Vo Diem 2 Pu Tien downstream areas, 56 commune, Bac Quang district especially can directly affect the road to the commune. Households at the downstream areas, agricultural land and Mang village, Kim Ngoc 3 Na Luong inter-village roads, 42 commune, Bac Quang district power transmission lines and livestock areas of households. Households at the Kim Tien village, Bang Hanh 4 Kim Tien downstream areas, 65 commune, Bac Quang district. flooded agricultural land Households, flooded agricultural land, fish Phai village Bach Ngoc 5 Khu Vang 74 ponds and inter- commune, Vi Xuyen district commune roads In the operation phase, the management unit of the reservoirs should cooperate with the local authorities to propose emergency response measures to minimize risks and incidents. Inspection of the works shall be regularly undertaken to timely handle damages to minimize risks and impacts to property and lives of the local people living in the downstream areas. Dam breakdown is likely to severely alter the hydrological regime of the subproject areas, affecting surface water and soil quality, aquatic ecosystems, water supply for irrigation, and agricultural production in the downstream. In particular, dam breakdown can pose severe threat to the lives of people and damages to property and assets of households in the downstream. Overcoming such consequences of dam breakdown is a very difficult and long-term task, so mitigation measures proposed for the operation phase in Chapter 7 of this report shall be strictly undertaken. 111 ii) Impacts from domestic waste from operations management and ecotourism activities: Repairing and improving safety of head clusters of works of the subproject will improve the landscape of the reservoir area. Ecotourism activities in the reservoir area such as fishing, camping, etc. can be developed by localities, leading to the generation of domestic waste from these activities. In addition, there is a small amount of domestic waste from the activities of management and operation workers. Domestic waste is mainly food packaging, plastic bottles, cans, food waste, etc. If it enters the reservoir and drainage channels, it may affect landscape, degrade water quality, and clogs the sewer and canal system for irrigation. iii) Drowning risks People grazing livestock around the reservoirs area, visitors to the reservoirs may face risks of drowning leading to danger to life, especially livestock and children. Therefore, the reservoirs management unit will take appropriate preventive and mitigating measures. iv) Impact from repairing and maintenance services Repair and maintenance activities for the canal system with the aim of increasing the groundwater level in the project area, thereby enriching the water supply for people's daily life downstream. However, this will indirectly cause impacts such as reduced income due to time off farming. During the repair and maintenance period, water supply activities for farming will be interrupted. At the same time, water pollution on reservoirs and canals can affect water quality for farming. However, the repair and maintenance time is short, so this impact is small. 5.4. Assessment of other impacts 5.4.1. Cumulative impacts The subproject will repair and upgrade 05 additional reservoirs, located in 04 communes in 02 districts (Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen) of Ha Giang province. Of these reservoirs, Tat Lang and Pu Tien reservoirs are resided in the same commune (Vo Diem commune), but the construction of these 02 works has no effects on each other. The two reservoirs are about 1.5km apart, so the cumulative impact from the construction of these two works is very small. Moreover, the scale and nature of the subproject with an addition of 05 reservoirs are small and simple, respectively so the cumulative impact from the implementation of such subproject is not likely to occur. According to surveys and discussions with relevant agencies, there are no other projects nearby being deployed in Ha Giang, except for the WB8 subproject so cumulative impacts attributed from other projects in the same area will not occur. 5.4.2. Direct impacts Implementation of the subproject will cause direct impacts on the environmental and social conditions of the subproject areas. Subproject will lead to temporary or permanent loss of land. Construction activities will cause direct impacts on the surrounding environment such as air, land and water due to the generation of waste, emissions and wastewater and loss of vegetation. 5.4.3. Indirect impacts The temporary or permanent loss of land due to the subproject will cause impacts on the livelihoods of the affected people and that subsequently leads to a cut or even loss of income, changes in livelihoods and probably social contradictions. Indirect impacts associated with the subproject implementation include deterioration of water quality due to soil erosion caused by vegetation clearing from the construction process. Water pollution caused by waste generated from the construction process can lead to a decline in the composition and number of aquatic species. Soil compaction by heavy equipment can lead to a decline in the number of useful 112 microorganisms in soil due to changes in soil structure. Loss of vegetation can lead to loss of habitat which is home to many terrestrial species in the subproject area and increase risks of erosion, landslide and floods. Restoration of the irrigated area to the original conditions may lead to an increase in the amount of pesticides used for agricultural production and hence negatively affect the environment and public health. 5.4.4. Short-term impacts In general, most of the impacts associated with construction activities in the subproject are short-term such as noise, vibration, dust, emissions, solid waste and wastewater. These impacts will no longer exist when construction is completed. 5.4.5. Long-term impacts The permanent loss of productive land will have a long-term impact on the affected people. Households who have part of their agricultural land acquired for the subproject will have to seek for other livelihoods or jobs. Environmental incidents such as spills of oil or hazardous chemicals if occur, they will have long-term effects on the environment and human health because these chemicals have a long semi-decomposition period; and they can penetrate soil to contaminate groundwater and enters the food chain. Occupational accidents if occur, will leave long-term effects on the health of workers. 113 CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES For the purpose of improving investment efficiency and ensuring safety, minimizing impacts on the environment and society downstream of the reservoirs, scenarios are given to select design and construction options suitable to the objectives and actual socio-economic natural conditions in the area of 05 reservoirs. Construction activities are mainly solidification and repair on the basis of existing works. Because the design options, selection of technical and technological solutions in the construction of work items of the subproject do not have any differences in environmental and social impacts in the implementation area, so the alternative analysis focuses on highlighting the environmental and social differences for deployment and non-implementation scenarios; the option of choosing the optimal construction solution. 6.1. Without subproject 05 additional reservoir works have been built for a long time. After many years of use, they have been seriously degraded: The dam elevation is not guaranteed against flood, the quality of the dam body is not guaranteed, the permeability coefficient is large. The roof is damaged, landslides does not work to ensure safety for the dam. The downstream roof is locally concave, eroded, and trees growing a lot, creating favorable conditions for termites to grow and develop, significantly affecting the quality of the earth dam body. The flood discharge is deteriorated, the stone layer is rotted and peeled off. The overflow width does not meet the drainage requirements, increasing the water level in the reservoir. Most of the water intake culverts were badly damaged at the inlet and outlet and could not use to supply water on demand. Drainage culvert: The regulating valve is broken, water flows freely through the sluice to the dam foot, causing water loss in the reservoir and affecting dam safety due to water infiltration and erosion at the dam foot. There is no monitoring system, so it does not promote effective disaster warning, the road for management and operation to serve rescue is a rural road, difficult to travel and can only meet rudimentary vehicles. The current status of the reservoirs causes limitations to development plans to increase production, economic efficiency in agricultural cultivation; failure to ensure the amount of water for active irrigation affects the selection of plants and animals, rotation of crops; cannot fully exploit the economic value of land resources. Management and operation roads combined with residential roads have not been completely reinforced, which causes difficulties in traveling, operating, managing and responding to natural disasters in the reservoir area and residential areas. In the case that the subproject is not implemented, the ecosystem in the area around the reservoir will always remain stable. However, due to the deterioration of the current state of the reservoirs, the potential risk of dam failure will cause disasters, damage to people, facilities and disrupt the local ecosystem in the areas, especially downstream areas of the reservoirs. In recent years, due to abnormal changes in weather, heavy rains and floods have occurred with prolonged intensity, and the small reservoirs bed poses a very high risk of unsafety. A synchronous construction solution such as the investment in construction, repair and upgrading of reservoirs is urgent, ensuring the safety of life and property of households in downstream areas and serving the requirements of developing local economic development 114 (especially for ethnic minority households living in the downstream of the reservoirs such as the Tay, Mong, Dao and Nung) Potential impacts from dam safety incidents (in case of without subproject) by reservoir are summarized in Table 6.1. Table 6. 1: Impacts from dam safety incidents by reservoirs (without subproject) No Reservoir Construc Receptors of dam safety incidents Location . s tion year (without the subprojects) Lam village, Affect the lives and property of 62 Vo Diem Before 1 Tat Lang households, 45 ha of agricultural land in commune, Bac 1990 Vo Diem commune, Bac Quang district Quang district Thia Truong village, Vo Affect the lives and property of 56 Before 2 Pu Tien Diem households, 43 ha of agricultural land of 2006 commune, Bac Vo Diem Commune, Bac Quang District Quang district Mang village, Affect the lives and property of 42 Kim Ngoc Before 3 Na Luong households, 35ha of agricultural land of commune, Bac 1998 Kim Ngoc Commune, Bac Quang District Quang district Lai village, Affect the lives and property of 65 Bang Hanh Before 4 Kim Tien households, 40ha of agricultural land of commune, Bac 1990 Bang Hanh Commune, Bac Quang District Quang district. Bach Ngoc Affect the lives and property of 74 Before 5 Khu Vang commune, Vi households, 45ha of agricultural land of 1990 Xuyen district Bach Ngoc Commune, Bac Quang District 6.2. With subproject 05 reservoirs added in the subproject are important irrigation works in preventing floods for irrigation of 4 communes in Bac Quang and Vi Xuyen districts. These works contribute significantly to improving the lives of local people, creating a solid basis for the irrigation areas of mountainous communes, stabilizing agricultural production and people's lives in the area. 05 completed reservoirs will bring many benefits to the community and local authorities. Specifically, the repair and reinforcement of the dam body and roof will ensure the safety of the downstream area during the rainy season, limit losses and leaks, and ensure the flow of water for irrigation downstream according to the production regulation plan of the local government; increase productivity and agricultural output, increase crop, develop aquaculture by increasing irrigated area. Once completed, the works will ensure a stable amount of active irrigation water for 208 hectares of rice and vegetable production area all year round in the downstream area of 04 communes; proactively plan cultivation, change plant varieties and livestock, leading to increased economic efficiency on the local agricultural land area. Once completed, the works will ensure a stable amount of active irrigation water for 208 hectares of rice and vegetable production area all year round in the downstream area of 04 communes; proactively plan cultivation, change plant varieties and livestock, leading to increased economic efficiency on the local agricultural land area. 115 Providing water for aquaculture and limit negative impacts on the environment and landscape of the reservoir bed and downstream area. After the reservoirs are repaired, they will create favorable conditions for aquaculture with large aquatic resources; stabilize the water surface area for aquaculture; develop non-agricultural production and business, increase income, and improve living standards; create more jobs, income, improve living standards, especially for groups of manual workers and seasonal workers. Construction, repair and upgrading of reservoir works will cause potential negative environmental and social impacts as analyzed above. However the construction time is short, the scale of activities is not high and the activities are deployed in a separate space from residential area, so the negative impacts are assessed as not high, temporary, local and can be minimized. Comparing the environmental, economic and social performance after the subproject is completed and put into operation with the potential adverse environmental and social impacts, the implementation of the subproject is acceptable. When the reservoir is completed and put into operation, it will positively affect the changes in some meteorological factors in the area. Stabilizing the water surface area will improve the microclimate of each reservoir bed area; Humidity changes are related to the dry continental nature of climate of this region during the dry season. During the operation phase, the subproject will increase the stability of the water source, ensure the safety of the project and the downstream area of the dam. During the preparation and construction phases of the subproject, there will be negative impacts on the environment. Such impacts can be reduced or minimize if the investor implements appropriate mitigation measures. A number of alternatives for the subproject have been considered during design period to minimize potentially environmental and social impacts as follows. 6.2.1. Construction of works under the normal water level Dam repairing mainly includes extending dams, reinforcing downstream roofs, repairing or renew spillways, above the normal water level (MNDBT). This will not affect water supply for the downstream areas. When reinforcing of the upstream and downstream roofs, waterproofing the dam body, building new culverts, the water level in the reservoirs will be lowered below the normal water level. Water cutoff for construction can affect 208 hectares of rice fields and interrupt the domestic water supply for about 299 households. The income of the local people in the subproject areas largely depends on agricultural production. When lowering the water level in the reservoirs without implementation of mitigation measures, the agricultural production of the local people will be severely impacted and therefore the local income will be suffered. Instead of making compensation for loss of agricultural production, due to water cutoff, the investor has chosen the following alternatives to avoid potential impacts on crops as well as spare the compensation. a. Properly schedule construction activities so as not to affect downstream production According to the subproject implementation schedule, the investor has arranged the construction for the foots of the dams and culverts which are under the normal water level during the dry season, to be in the dry season when irrigation demand is low. At the same time, the investor has prepared a plan for makeup water supply for the downstream from other water resources. Therefore, the impact on water supply for the downstream during the construction phase is unlikely to happen. The construction time of the main items of 05 reservoirs is arranged in the dry season (06 months/ reservoir). Construction of 05 reservoirs will be implemented at the same time to 116 ensure the minimization of environmental impacts and convenience in construction work. As follows: + January-April: Construction of upstream dykes combined with excavation of foundation pits, laying of PVC D250 pipes to supply irrigation water for the construction process. Construction of water intake culverts, main dams, upstream roofs, spillways; + May - June: Complete construction of spillway, dam downstream, management house, management road and monitoring equipment. b. Replace alternative pipes through the dam when constructing the culverts to avoid water cutoff and hence minimize impacts on the downstream production During the repairing and upgrading of the earth-fill dams and newly building culverts, water stream will be rerouted to ensure water supply for the downstream. The method uses the existing culverts. Upon completion of the construction for the culverts’ body, the existing culverts will be removed; but a new channel will be created to continue providing water supply for the downstream. When the new culverts are fully installed, they will take over the task of providing water supply for the downstream. The dam will be completed with embankment at the beginning of the canal (at the same location of the existing culverts) and on the new culvert according to the design. All the 05 works under the subproject will be supplemented with new sluice gates. They all have the dam foot of the upstream roof and the drainage system of the downstream roof repaired. The investor has chosen the embankment method for all 5 works. During the construction, the old curvets are still used to supply water for the downstream area. When the construction of new culverts is completed, the old pipes will be demolished and the new culverts will be put into operation, so the construction will not affect agricultural production. c. Grouting and waterproofing method During the survey, the current status of the main dams (05 reservoir) was degraded, however, only 02 reservoir had seepage and leakage through the dam body. The design consultant developed a waterproofing grouting plan for 02 dams (Na Luong, Khu Vang) according to the correct process to achieve high waterproofing effect + Grouting for waterproofing for Na Luong dam with a length of 39m. Grouting with cement mortar combined with clay (cement ratio 30%) in the dam and the ground, cement mortar creates a waterproof membrane for the rock foundation. The top of grouting starts from the same elevation of normal water level, the grouting depth is h= 9.4m; + Grouting for waterproofing for Khu Vang dam with a length of 158m. Grouting with cement mortar combined with clay (cement ratio 30%) in the dam and the ground, cement mortar creates a waterproof membrane for the rock foundation. The top of grouting starts from same elevation of normal water level, the grouting depth is h= 9.5m. The contractor performing the drilling activities is selected by the investor with reputable and experienced who strictly follow the drilling procedures such as: sealing the holes after drilling for waterproofing, not executing on rainy days, waterproofing materials are mixed in specialized mixing tanks…so the impact of waterproofing drilling on the environment is controlled and minimized. 6.2.2. Alternatives auxiliary works (material mines and disposal sites) a) Alternative materials mines The repairing and upgrading of the earth-fill dams require filling soil. Soil exploitation will affect production areas, and therefore increase compensation for land acquisition and impact on 117 the environment. To legally exploit soil, the investor needs to follow the procedure to obtain a license in accordance with the national regulation. To save time and money from going through such procedure, the investor has chosen to purchase soil from the licensed soil mines outside the subproject areas. These mines are also selected to have the shortest distance to the construction sites. As such, the subproject will avoid the compensation for land clearance for soil exploitation and also not cause loss of productive land. b) Alternative disposal sites The preparing and upgrading of the earth-fill dams, culverts and spillways will generate excess soil which cannot be reused for the construction of the works. As such, the excess soil needs to be transported to disposal sites. This will affect the local crops and landscape in and surrounding the disposal sites. The investor also has to compensate for the land acquired for the disposal site and for the loss of agricultural production. In order to minimize compensation and impacts, the investor has worked with the local authorities to select vacant lots in downstream of the main dam; carry out dumping and compacting the landfill to avoid landslides, soil swept with rainwater causing mud in the surrounding area. The dumping site is more than 100m away from residential areas, without compensation for land and crop, with the shortest transporting distance to minimize negative impacts during transporting material; take the most land from dam surface cover removal for backfilling in foot of downstream of dam for landscaping. 6.2.3. Alternative roads for materials and waste transportation Material and waste transportation will affect people residing on both sides of the routes, increasing the local traffic density and potentially damaging the routes. In order to minimize such impacts, the consultant has studied the areas and selected the shortest routes which mostly avoid passing through residential areas. The chosen routes will save money and limit potential impacts on local people. These routes are presented as follows: For works which involves material transport on inter-village roads, the investor requires to use vehicles with loads of no more than 10 tons to minimize damages to the roads. Transportation in rush hours is limited to minimize impacts on the local traffic. Table 6. 2: List of the chosen soil mines, disposal sites and routes for materials and waste transportation Selected routes for Materials Locations of soil mines No. Works Locations materials and waste and waste and disposal sites transportation The material mine is in The earth road, with a width Vo Diem commune of 3.5, meeting the Filling soil requirement for transportation (2 km). Dispose of waste at the Lam vacant lot near the village, Vo downstream of the dam, Tat Diem 1 in the dam safety Lang Commune, corridor. Then make use Bac Quang Excess No transporting from the of waste soil to District soil construction site strengthen the downstream of the dam foot, compaction to plant grass to create landscape. Pu Thia The material mine is in The earth road, with a width 2 Filling soil Tien Truong Vo Diem commune of 3.5, meeting the 118 Selected routes for Materials Locations of soil mines No. Works Locations materials and waste and waste and disposal sites transportation village, Vo requirement for Diem transportation (2 km). Commune, Dispose of waste at the Bac Quang vacant lot near the District downstream of the dam, in the dam safety corridor. Then make use Excess No transporting from the of waste soil to soil construction site strengthen the downstream of the dam foot, compaction to plant grass to create landscape. Purchasing land in land mine 0.4km from the Earth road, about 0.5Km Filling soil Mang site in Kim Ngoc form the work village, commune Na Kim Ngoc The low lying pond of 3 Luong Commune, Mr. Chu Van Ngan The earth road, with a width Bac Quang Excess which need to level, in of 3.5, meeting the District soil Kim Ngoc commune. requirement for The pond is surrounded transportation (0.4 km). with acacia and shrubs. The mine is located in the hill, about 1.5km from the work. The Inter-village and earth road, exploitation depth is Lai village, Filling soil with a width of 3.5m and about 4m. The material Bang Hanh length of 1.5km Kim volume and quality meet 4 Commune, Tien the requirement of the Bac Quang work District. The low-lying area, Inter-village and earth road, Excess surrounded by bushes. with a width of 3.5m and soil There are no water length of 2km surface bodies around. The soil mine is in Bach Inter-village and earth road, Filling soil Ngoc commune with a width of 3.5m and Bach Ngoc length of 2km Khu Commune, 5 The low-lying area, Vang Vi Xuyen Inter-village and earth road, Excess surrounded by bushes District with a width of 3.5m and soil and There are no water length of 2km surface bodies around 119 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1. Objectives â–ª Ensure compliance with WB regulations, legal systems, standards and guidelines applied at the provincial and national levels; â–ª Ensure that sufficient resources are allocated based on the subproject budget to implement the ESMP; â–ª Ensure that the environmental and social risks of the project are adequately predicted and managed; â–ª Prepare a specific and feasible response plan for unforeseen environmental issues in the ESIA of the project; â–ª Prepare an effective feedback mechanism to continue improving the performance of environmental protection. The ESMP outlines the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures that will be implemented during the development and operation of the subproject to avoid or control adverse impacts on the environment and society. The ESMP also includes actions required to implement mitigation measures. The ESMP creates useful links between mitigation measures and ensures that such measures are implemented. The ESMP outlines responsibilities, monitoring, budgets, and timeline for implementation of the mitigation measures. The combined environmental and social management plan of the subproject is presented in the following sections. 7.2. Mitigation measures 7.2.1. Mitigation measures in the preparation phase The preparation phase is focused on compensation, support and resettlement of affected people due to loss of land, houses, income and assets. Implementation of site clearance and compensation will comply with the updated resettlement plan of the project. The estimated cost for implementing the Resettlement Action Plan of the subproject (05 additional reservoirs) is 189,716,960 VND (referred to the RAP report) Table 7. 1: Costs for implementation of Resettlement Action Plan Unit: VND Recommended No. Categories Unit Quantity Total cost unit prices A Compensation 57,518,200 1 Land 29,118,000 Garden land m2 89.0 48,000 4,272,000 Production forest land m2 55.0 15,000 825,000 Agricultural land (paddy m2 471 51,000 24,021,000 land) 2 Trees, crops 28,400,200 Paddy m2 471 6,200 2,920,200 Jackfruit Tree 24 650,000 15,600,000 Tea Tree 15 180,000 2,700,000 Eucalyptus Tree 48 135,000 6,480,000 Bamboo Tree 35 20,000 700,000 Supporting amounts B 111,570,000 (Applied in accordance 120 with Decision No.15/2019/QD-UBND and the project entitlement matrix) Support for job change and job creation due to m2 471 127,500 60,052,500 acquisition of agricultural land (annual crop land) Support for job change and job creation due to m2 55.0 22,500 1,237,500 acquisition of production forest land Support for job change and job creation for m2 89.0 120,000 10,680,000 garden land acquisition Support for vulnerable households (Support level is 200,000 VND/person/month for 6 persons 33 1,200,000 39,600,000 months (Damage level <30% of acquired land area) Total 1 169,088,200 C Management 3,381,764 Site clearance cost 2% x Total (1) 3,381,764 Total 2 172,469,964 Contingency cost 10% 10%* Total (2) 17,246,996 TOTAL 189,716,960 USD exchange 8,321 The procedure of compensation and resettlement implementation will comply with the regulations and procedures stipulated in Decree No.43/2014/ND-CP of the Government and the regulations in the RPF. The specific steps and procedures are implemented as follows: - Basing on the detailed technical designs of the Subproject, the Design Consultant and the PMU hand over benchmarks of site clearance to the DRC to determine AHs and carry out DMS of affected assets; - Organize consultation meetings with AHs to disseminate information and compensation policies, including the Subproject’s objectives and benefits, positive and negative impacts, mitigation measures, methods used to evaluate prices of affected assets, amounts for compensation, allowances and restoration, and grievance redress mechanism; - Conducting DMS for AHs and inventory of their affected assets to collect their information; identifying quantities of affected assets, entitlements to compensation, resettlement and restoration allowances for APs; consulting AHs about mitigation measures to minimize Subproject impacts and assistance measures for their livelihood restoration; - Carrying out replacement cost survey and preparing reports to submit PPC for approval; - Preparing, disclosing compensation plans to obtain comments from APs, finalizing and submitting compensation plan to the PPC for approval; 121 - Paying compensation and restoration allowances; - Implementation of resettlement (if any) and hand over the ground for construction. Internal monitoring activities will be implemented since the commencement of the information dissemination and during the whole process of compensation and resettlement to ensure that the compensation and resettlement complied with the RPF of the Subproject. â–ª Mitigation measure for the geological surveys Upon the completion of the geological surveys, the survey team will backfill the boreholes and return the surveyed areas to the original conditions. This will avoid or minimize contaminants entering the boreholes and contaminate groundwater. â–ª Mitigation measures for UXO clearance Subproject will hire a qualified military with sufficient functions and capabilities to conduct UXO clearance in all construction sites: - PMU must hire licensed agency to conduct mine clearance according to Circular no. 146/2007/TT-BQP dated September 11, 2007. - Ensure safe distance and inform local people about the mine clearance process, in compliance with QCVN 01: 2012/BQP - National technical regulation on clearance of bombs, explosive objects and QCVN 02:2008/BCT- National technical regulations on safety in transporting, preserving, using and destroying industrial explosives â–ª Mitigation measures for waste management from land clearance Mitigation measures for general waste include: - Wastewater: The contractor is responsible for complying with national regulations regarding discharge of wastewater into the surrounding environment. - Rainwater: Do not conduct plant and site clearance in rainy days, dig trenches and settling holes around the gathering sites of waste soil so that in the event of rain, rainwater does not drag the waste soil to the downstream area and spilled mud into the surrounding area; - Solid waste: prior to the construction phase, the contractor must prepare a solid waste control procedure (e.g., storage, provision of barrels, cleanup schedule, cleaning schedule, etc.) and shall follow the procedures during construction. The amount of vegetative cover removed from the site clearance process will be collected and transported by the construction unit and treated. For the area of agriculture or rice of the people, the investor will notify in advance so that people can actively collect agricultural products on their land. For the remaining solid waste, people are encouraged to bring back to compost organic fertilizer for farming activities. Weathered soil, waste materials from demolition works will be collected and transported to the identified landfill. Arrange garbage collection bins in the construction site area. There are rules for camps and construction sites; regularly remind workers not to litter the area indiscriminately; keep the environment clean. Hazardous waste: During the site clearance phase, very little hazardous waste is generated (battery, accumulator, grease from cutters, excavators, bulldozers, etc.). This waste is collected into specialized hazardous waste containers (arranged 01 bin/01 reservoir). The construction contractor will sign a contract with a local functional unit to collect and treat hazardous waste right after completion of site clearance phase. 122 7.2.2. Mitigation measures during the construction phase a) Mitigation measures for generic impacts Mitigation measures are developed based on the WB group's environmental, health and safety guidelines and national regulations and standards to minimize risks and impacts from construction, and are presented in the form of Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ESCOPs), which describes specific requirements from the contractor and is supervised by CSCs during construction. Practical environmental rules cover the following issues: â–ª Dust and exhaust gas; â–ª Vibration and noise; â–ª Waste management; â–ª Management of hazardous materials and chemicals; â–ª Managing camp; â–ª Biological impact; â–ª Soil erosion; â–ª Sedimentation and drainage; â–ª Management of warehouses and mines; â–ª Traffic safety management; â–ª Interruption of infrastructure services; â–ª Detecting accidental; â–ª Managing labor flow; â–ª Health and occupational safety; â–ª Community health and safety; â–ª Communicate with the local community. 123 Table 7. 2: Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ECOP) during the construction phase Environmen Responsibility tal and Regulations and Mitigation measures Implement Monitoring social standards impacts â–ª Contractors are responsible for complying with requirements of the national TCVN 6438-2005: Contractor â–ª PMU technical regulations on ambient air quality. Road vehicles. â–ª Ha Giang â–ª Contractors must ensure that dust generation is minimal and avoid making Maximum DONRE people feel annoyed. Contractors will have to implement a dust management allowable limit for â–ª CSCs program to maintain a healthy working environment and minimize disturbance air emissions. â–ª Commun to surrounding neighborhoods. ity No. 35/2005 / â–ª Contractors are responsible for implementing dust mitigation measures (e.g. supervisi QDBGTVT on using watering vehicles to irrigate roads, covering material transporting on board. quality control, vehicles…). technical safety and 1) Dust and â–ª Construction materials such as cement, sand and gravel must be properly environmental exhaust covered and secured during transport to prevent spillage of soil, sand, other protection; emissions materials or dust. â–ª Excessive excavated soil and stockpiles of materials must be protected against QCVN 05: 2013 / wind influence and the location of material storage must be checked for BTNMT: National prevailing wind directions and locations of sensitive sources. technical regulation â–ª Dust masks should be used when dust content is too high. on air quality. â–ª All transportation and construction vehicles must comply with Vietnamese Guidance on regulations on controlling emission limits for emissions. environment, health â–ª All vehicles must undergo a regular emissions inspection and receive: and safety of WB "certificate of quality, technical safety and environmental protectionâ€?, in group. accordance with Decision No. 35/2005 / QD-BGTVT; 124 â–ª Be sure not to dispose of solid waste or construction materials (e.g. wood, rubber, oil impregnated towels, cement, paper, plastic, bitumen packaging, etc.). â–ª Contractors are responsible for complying with the laws of Vietnam in relation QCVN 26: Contractors â–ª PMU to noise and vibration issues. 2010/BTNMT: â–ª Ha Giang â–ª All means must have “Certificate of quality inspection, technical safety and National technical DONRE environmental protectionâ€? according to Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; regulation on noise. â–ª CSCs Preventing excessive noise from machines that are less frequently maintained. â–ª Commun QCVN 27: â–ª Need to implement noise reduction measures: ity 2010/BTNMT: - Select low-noise equipment. supervisi Technical - Install muffler for fan. on board. regulation on - Install silencer for exhaust and compression engine parts. vibration. - Install a soundproof chamber for the device part that causes noise. 2) Impact by Guidance on - Install adjacent sound barrier and continuous minimum surface density of noise and environment, health 10kg / m2 to minimize sound transmission. vibration and safety of WB - Sound barrier should be placed near the sound source or sound transmission to ensure efficiency. group. - Install anti-vibration parts for mechanical machines. â–ª Limit operating time for certain equipment, especially mobile sources in residential areas. â–ª Move noise sources to other areas to take advantage of distances and barriers. â–ª Install fixed equipment as far away from residential areas as possible. â–ª Take advantage of natural terrain in the design process to prevent noise. â–ª Limit the use of transport vehicles for the project through residential areas. â–ª Develop a mechanism for receiving and responding to comments. General waste QCVN 14: Contractors â–ª PMU 3) Waste 2008/BTNMT: â–ª Ha Giang management WASTEWATER National technical DONRE â–ª CSCs 125 â–ª Contractors are responsible for complying with Vietnamese regulations regulation on â–ª Commun regarding discharge of wastewater into the surrounding environment. domestic activities. ity â–ª Consider recruiting local workers to reduce on-site wastewater. supervisi QCVN 40: â–ª Waste water treatment systems must be provided for sanitary wastewater on board. 2011/BTNMT: treatment in areas without sewage collection networks. Wastewater treatment National technical systems should only be used for sanitary wastewater treatment. When the regulation on wastewater treatment system is the selected form of treatment and waste water industrial water treatment, it is necessary: release. â–ª Designed and installed in accordance with local regulations and guidelines to prevent any risk to public health or soil, water or groundwater contamination. Decree No. â–ª Maintain well to operate effectively. 09/2019/ND-CP on â–ª Installed in areas with permeable soil to sufficiently design wastewater rates. waste and waste â–ª Installed in stable and same level areas, good drainage and osmosis, with management. separation between sewer and groundwater areas or other receiving waters. Circular No. â–ª Wastewater from washing vehicles and construction equipment must be 36/2015/TT- collected into settling ponds before being discharged into the local drainage BTNMT on system. Hazardous waste â–ª Upon completion of construction works, waste water tanks and septic tanks management. must be treated safely or sealed. Guidance on RAINWATER environment, health â–ª Rainwater should be separated from sanitary wastewater to reduce the amount and safety of WB of waste water treated before discharge. group. â–ª Prevent surface flow from process areas or potential pollution sources. â–ª Where this approach is not practical, the amount of wastewater from the treatment and storage area must be separated from the polluted water that is less likely to be contaminated. â–ª Minimize flow from areas without potential sources of pollution (for example by minimizing an impermeable surface area) and reduce the maximum discharge rate (for example by using aquaculture ponds). 126 â–ª In case of need to treat rainwater to protect the quality of receiving water, it is necessary to prioritize the management and treatment of the first discharge of rainwater flow, where most potential contaminants tend to occur. â–ª When water quality criteria are allowed, rainwater must be managed as a resource, or to recharge groundwater or to meet water demand at the facility. â–ª Need to install and maintain oil separators and lubricant traps at refueling facilities, factories, parking areas, fuel storage areas and storage areas. â–ª Sludge from rainwater tanks or collection and treatment systems may contain high levels of pollutants and must be treated in accordance with local regulatory requirements, to protect community health and safety and preserve and sustain water and soil resources. SOLID WASTE â–ª Before construction, Contractors must prepare solid waste control procedures (store, provide bins, cleanup schedules, etc.) and must be carefully noticed during construction. â–ª Before construction, there must be a necessary waste disposal permit. â–ª Measures must be taken to minimize the potential impacts from waste. At all workplaces, Contractors must provide waste bins, containers and garbage collection facilities. â–ª Solid waste temporarily stored in the field in the designated area has been approved by the CSC and local authorities prior to collection and disposal through a licensed waste collector. â–ª Waste packaging must be protected, corrosion resistant. â–ª No fire, at the place of burial or disposal of solid waste. â–ª Reusable materials such as wooden boards for grooves, steel, scaffolding materials, packaging materials… will be collected and separated from other waste sources for reuse for use as fillers or for sale. â–ª If not removed from the site, solid waste or construction debris will only be treated in areas identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste disposal plan. In any case, 127 contractors will not process any materials in environmentally sensitive areas, such as natural habitats or in water sources. Hazardous waste Hazardous waste storage â–ª Hazardous waste must be stored to prevent or control accidental release of air, soil, and water in the area where: â–ª Waste is stored in a way that prevents disturbance or contact between incompatible wastes and allows checking between containers to track leaks or spills. For example, include gaps between compatible spaces or physical isolation such as walls or containment barriers. â–ª Store in closed containers to avoid direct sunlight, wind and rain. â–ª Storage must be on a waterproof surface that can be easily cleaned, and properly packaged to contain any spills or leaks. Storage areas should be covered to prevent rainwater from accumulating. â–ª Secondary containment systems must be constructed of suitable materials for waste storage and sufficient to prevent loss to the environment. â–ª Secondary storage includes wherever liquid waste is stored in volumes larger than 220 liters. The available volume of secondary containment must be at least 110 percent of the largest repository, or 25 percent of the total storage capacity (depending on which amount is greater) at that particular location. â–ª Provide adequate ventilation where volatile substances are stored Hazardous waste transportation â–ª On-site and off-site waste transport must be carried out to prevent or minimize spillage, release, and exposure to employees and the public. â–ª All waste containers designated for transportation on the field must be protected and labeled with relevant content and hazards, correctly placed on the means of transport before leaving the site and must be accompanied by a 128 shipping paper describing the load and associated hazards in accordance with the instructions (e.g. manifest). Hazardous waste disposal â–ª Chemical waste in any form must be disposed of at an approved appropriate landfill and in accordance with the requirements of local laws. Contractors must have the necessary processing certificate. â–ª The removal of hazardous waste must be done and handled by specially trained and certified workers. â–ª The use of oil, lubricants, detergents ... from maintenance of vehicles and machinery must be collected in storage tanks and must be specialized in recycling waste oil at hazardous waste disposal sites. â–ª Unused or rejected bitumen or bitumen products will be returned to the supplier's factory â–ª Limit the implementation of construction activities on rainy days. Guidance on Contractors â–ª PMU â–ª Use geotextile to temporarily cover eroded land. environment, health â–ª Ha Giang â–ª Cover a layer of soil over the soil surface to help the soil absorb gradually. and safety of WB DONRE 4) Soil â–ª Build walls around the erosion area to block the flow of water. group. â–ª CSCs erosion â–ª Stabilize the soil surface that is easy to erode with cultivation or concrete. â–ª Commun ity supervisi on board. â–ª Contractors need to comply with the detailed design of waste water system in - TCVN 4447: Contractors â–ª PMU 5) Drainage construction planning to prevent overflow or erosion of unprotected hillsides 1987: Rules of â–ª Ha Giang and and areas due to flooding, leading to industrial waste affecting local water construction and DONRE sedimentatio resources. acceptance. â–ª CSCs n â–ª Ensuring that the sewage system is free of silt and other obstacles. â–ª Commun - - Circular No. management â–ª Ensure to maintain the status of areas where construction is not taking place. 07/VBHN-BXD of ity the Ministry of 129 â–ª Reasonable implementation of soil work, sawing, soil filling, compliance with Construction dated supervisi construction standards, including measures such as installation of sewage March 16, 2020 on board. systems, planting of trees. regulating labor â–ª To avoid waste sedimentation, causing negative impacts on water sources, it safety management is necessary to install sediment waste management system to slow or divert in construction waste and sediment until cultivation activities are carried out. Sediment work. management system may include cleaning of canals, canal banks, waste - QCVN collection tanks, using straw materials, post-storm protection system, or 18/2021/BXD on fences. safety in â–ª Remove water and conduct water: In the case of construction works to be construction, issued carried out at a water source (e.g., building bridges, erecting walls, preventing on December 20, erosion), then the area needs to be culverted, ensuring a dry condition to carry 2021, replacing out the construction. After being deposited, the pumped water from QCVN construction site must be discharged into the sediment management system to 18/2014/BXD from be treated before flowing into the water source. June 20, 2022 â–ª It is necessary to implement mitigation measures for each specific area under ESMP when conducting water diversion or construction of a dyke. QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT- National technical regulation on surface water quality. â–ª The use of hazardous materials and chemicals within the subproject must Decree No. Contractors â–ª PMU comply with the manufacturer's instructions. 38/2015/ND-CP on â–ª Ha Giang 6) â–ª Use the chemicals listed in the list of authorized agencies. waste and waste DONRE Management â–ª People exposed to hazardous materials and chemicals need to be trained management. â–ª CSCs of hazardous intensively in measures to avoid exposure to hazardous materials and â–ª Commun materials and Decision No. chemicals. ity chemicals 23/2006/QD- BTNMT: Issuing supervisi on board. 130 â–ª People who are regularly exposed to hazardous materials and chemicals should the list of hazardous be periodically checked for health (not less than once every 6 months) and wastes. require adequate rest. Circular â–ª Transporting hazardous materials and chemicals: 36/2015/TT- â–ª Use specialized accessories, pipes and taps for tank containing materials (for BTNMT on example, all acids use one type of connection, all caustics use other equipment) hazardous waste and maintain procedures to prevent the addition of hazardous substances to the management. tank incorrectly. â–ª Use transfer equipment that is compatible and consistent with the - Circular characteristics of the transferred and designed material to ensure safe transfer. 10/2020/TT- â–ª Regularly check, maintain and repair accessories, pipes. BNNPTNT dated â–ª Provides secondary containment, drip or other spill and drip prevention September 9, 2020 measures, for hazardous material containers at connection points or other spill of the MARD on points. the list of pesticides allowed to be used Overload control in Vietnam Circular â–ª Prepare written procedures for transportation activities including a checklist of 21/2015/TT- measures to be taken during the filling process and use of people trained in this BNNPTNT on process. management of â–ª Install measuring devices on the tank to measure the volume inside. plant protection â–ª Use plumbing connections for tank trucks and fixed connections with tanks. products. â–ª Provide automatic shutdown valves on storage tanks to avoid overloading. Guidance on â–ª Use a water tank around the spill to collect spilled material. environment, health â–ª Use pipe connection with automatic overload protection valve (float valve). and safety of WB â–ª Pump less than the allowed capacity into a tank or vessel by ordering less group. material than its available capacity. â–ª In case of overload or overpressure of discharge hose, it is necessary to control the load. Fire reaction, prevention 131 â–ª Store incompatible materials (acids, bases, flammable substances, oxidizing agents, reactive chemicals) in separate areas, and facilities separating material storage areas. â–ª Provide specific material storage for extremely hazardous or reactive materials. â–ª Use flame-preventing devices on vents from flammable containers. â–ª Provide lightning protection equipment for tanks, relay stations and other equipment used to handle flammable materials. â–ª Select building materials that are compatible with stored products for all parts of the storage and distribution system and avoid reusing containers for different products without checking the compatibility of materials. â–ª Store hazardous materials in the area of the isolation facility with the main works. If intimacy cannot be avoided, it is necessary to separate physically using designed structures to prevent fire, explosion, overflow, and other emergency situations affecting the operation of the facility. â–ª Storage areas must be on a waterproof and easily cleaned surface, properly packed to avoid any spills or leaks. Storage areas should be covered to prevent rainwater accumulation. â–ª Prohibit all sources of ignition from areas near flammable reservoirs. Secondary compartment (liquid) â–ª Transfer dangerous substances from storage tanks to storage areas in areas with enough water permeability to avoid environmental loss and slipping down to the collection place or structure of containers not connected to wastewater / rainwater collection system. â–ª If a long-term containment structure is not provided for transfer activities, one or more other forms of flood prevention must be provided, such as a mobile cover (can be deployed during operation) pressure relief valves on rainwater tanks, or closing valves in culverts or sewerage equipment, combined with oil water separators. 132 â–ª Storage of hazardous materials with tanks of a total capacity of 1,000 liters or more in areas with impervious surfaces covered or braided to contain at least 25% of total storage. â–ª Provide secondary containment capability for parts (tanks, tubes) of hazardous material storage systems, within the scope of feasibility. â–ª Conduct periodic tank inspections (e.g. daily or weekly), and check the visible parts of tank trucks and pipes to avoid leaks. â–ª Use of storage systems and dual, composite, or special pipelines, especially in the use of underground storage tanks (USTs) and underground pipelines. If a dual wall system is used, they should provide a means to detect leaks between two walls. â–ª Training - Employees need training in hazardous waste management. Training program included: â–ª List of trained employees. â–ª Specific training objectives. â–ª Mechanisms for achieving goals (practical workshops, videos, etc...). â–ª Means of determining whether the training program is effective. â–ª Training procedures for new recruits and new courses for existing employees. Community Participation and Awareness â–ª There is general information for the community potentially affected by the scope and extent of project activity and on-site preventive and control measures to ensure no impact on human health. â–ª Potential impacts on human health or the environment due to incidents or existing hazardous wastes. â–ª Specific and timely information on appropriate behavior and safety measures will be adopted in the event of an accident, including practicing drills at high- risk locations. â–ª Access to information needed to understand the nature of the potential impact of accidents and the opportunity to effectively contribute to relevant decisions and develop community emergency preparedness plans. 133 â–ª DONRE and Department of Health will be notified promptly of any environmental incidents. â–ª Prepare and carry out remedial measures after the oil spill. In this case, the contractor must provide a report explaining the reason for the spill, corrective actions, consequences / damage caused by spills, and the solution to be repaired. â–ª Contractors need to set up the Plan for Management of Land Clearance, Law on Contractors â–ª PMU Restoration and Re-Planting according to relevant regulations for the Biodiversity â–ª Ha Giang Construction Engineer to approve in advance. The clearance plan must be No.20/2008/QH1. DONRE approved by the Construction supervision consultant and Contractors need to â–ª CSCs Decree strictly follow this plan. Limit the number of areas that need the least clearance. â–ª Commun 65/2010/ND-CP â–ª Clearance work in mountainous areas requires permission from the Ministry ity guiding the Law on of Agriculture and Rural Development. supervisi Biodiversity. â–ª Contractors need to release topsoil of all areas where topsoil will be affected on board. by restoration, including interim measures such as storage and pile up, etc.; Removed topsoil will be concentrated in the area agreed with Construction supervision consultant to be used for re-planting vegetation later and need 7) Impact on protection. biodiversity â–ª Prohibit the use of chemicals in the release of vegetation. â–ª Tree felling is prohibited unless permitted in the vegetation release plan. â–ª Set up temporary protection fences to protect trees that need to be retained if necessary before starting work at that site. â–ª Do not violate important ecological resource areas unless authorized by the Construction supervision consultant, this consultant should consult with the PMU, Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) and relevant authorities. These areas include breeding areas for birds, animals, fish farms, or protected areas as green spaces. â–ª Contractors need to ensure that no hunting, trapping, or poisoning activities occur. 134 â–ª Contractors must strictly comply with the provisions of the Road Traffic Law. Law on road traffic Contractors â–ª PMU â–ª Through the best traffic safety measures on all operational aspects of No. 23/2008/QH12; â–ª Ha Giang subprojects with the goal of preventing traffic accidents and minimizing DONRE Construction law injuries suffered by subproject and public employees. Measures should â–ª CSCs No. 50/2014/QH13; include: â–ª Commun â–ª Emphasize the safety aspect between drivers. - Circular No. ity â–ª Improve driving skills and driver licensing requirements. 07/VBHN-BXD of supervisi â–ª Adopt travel time limits and control table arrangement to avoid overload. the Ministry of on board. â–ª Avoid dangerous roads and time of day to reduce the risk of accidents. Construction dated â–ª Use speed control devices on the truck, and monitor remotely the actions of March 16, 2020 drivers. regulating labor â–ª Regular maintenance of vehicles and use of approved parts of the manufacturer safety management to minimize serious accidents may occur due to equipment malfunction or in construction 8)Traffic premature failure. work. management â–ª Minimize the interaction of pedestrians with construction vehicles. - QCVN â–ª Cooperate with local communities and competent agencies to improve 18/2021/BXD on signage, visibility and overall safety of roads, especially along strips located safety in near schools or other places where children are there. Collaborate with local construction, issued communities on pedestrian and traffic safety education (e.g. school education on December 20, campaigns). 2021, replacing â–ª Coordinate with emergency response agencies to ensure that appropriate first QCVN aid measures are provided in case of an accident. 18/2014/BXD from â–ª Use locally sourced materials, whenever possible, to minimize transport June 20, 2022 distances. â–ª Use safe traffic control measures, including signs and flaggers to warn of Guidance on dangerous conditions. environment, health and safety of WB group 9) Disruption â–ª Disruption of water, gas, electricity and internet service provision in a planned Decree No. Contractors â–ª PMU in providing and unplanned manner: Contractors must conduct pre-consultation and 167/2013/ND-CP 135 public contingency planning with local authorities on the consequences of Regulations on â–ª Ha Giang services discontinuing services. administrative DONRE â–ª Coordinate with related utility service providers to set up a reasonable sanctions in the â–ª CSCs construction schedule. field of security, â–ª Commun â–ª Provide information for affected households on work schedules as well as social order and ity plans to stop providing utility services (at least 5 days in advance). safety; prevention supervisi â–ª Contractors must ensure alternative water supply plans for affected residents of social evils. on board. in case of interruptions lasting more than a day. â–ª Any damage to the existing utility system of the cable will be reported to the authorities and repaired as soon as possible. 10) â–ª Contractors and workers' camps are temporarily built on the subproject land. Labor Law Contractors â–ª PMU Managing â–ª These areas are built far enough away from the area used to arrange 45/2019/QH13 in â–ª Ha Giang workers' construction materials, oil storage, waste, discharge channels, sensitive active since January DONRE camps locations such as schools, hospitals, churches, pagodas, temples, surface water 1, 2021. â–ª CSCs sources and other dangerous areas such as landslides, land subsidence or â–ª Commun Guidance on erosion. ity environment, health â–ª The camps must ensure good conditions such as ventilation, sunlight, clean supervisi and safety of WB water, garbage collection, septic toilets, mosquito nets, fire extinguishers, on board. group. medical first aid kit, and other health protection facilities for workers. 11) â–ª Use local workers for simple tasks, and to limit the increase in workers at Decree No. Contractors â–ª PMU Managing subproject area. 167/2013/ND-CP â–ª Ha Giang social issues â–ª Explain to local workers about local customs and practices to avoid conflicts Regulations on DONRE related to with local people. administrative â–ª CSCs labor influx â–ª Owners of subproject and Contractors need to cooperate with local agencies to sanctions in the â–ª Commun and prevent social evils. field of security, ity infectious â–ª Strengthen propaganda campaigns to eliminate social evils. social order and supervisi disease â–ª Contact local organizations to ensure effective management and GRM so that safety; prevention on board. prevention affected local people can trust. of social evils 136 â–ª Temporary workers live in camps and rental houses must register for Guidance on temporary residence with local agencies. environment, health â–ª Workers are prohibited from acts: and safety of WB â–ª Use alcoholic beverages during construction. group â–ª Arguing and fighting. â–ª Participate in gambling, social evils such as drug use and prostitution. â–ª Littering indiscriminately. â–ª Propaganda against social evils such as drug use, prostitution; register temporary residence with the local authority 12) Chance If contractors discover archaeological sites, historical sites, remains and artifacts, Law amending and Contractors â–ª PMU find including graveyards and / or individual graves in the earthworks, construction, supplementing â–ª Ha Giang contractors are responsible: several articles of DONRE Law on Cultural â–ª CSCs â–ª Stop construction activities in the area; Heritage No. â–ª Commun â–ª Circle the location or detection area; 28/2001/QH10; ity â–ª Protect positions to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In the supervisi case of removable or still sensitive objects, arrange a night guard until the Additional and on board. agency responsible for the protection of the local heritage or the Department amended law on of Culture, Sports and Tourism arrives; digital cultural â–ª Notify the Construction supervision consultant (SC), SC will notify the agency heritage. responsible for the protection of local or national heritage (within 24 hours or 32/2009/QH12; less); Additional and â–ª The agency responsible for protecting local or national heritage will be amended Decree responsible for protecting and preserving these sites before deciding on the No. 98/2010/ND- next procedure. A preliminary assessment report on the detection process is CP. performed. The significance and importance of the findings are evaluated according to different criteria related to cultural heritage, including aesthetic, historical, scientific, research, social and economic values; â–ª The decision on how to handle the search is done by agencies responsible for the protection of local heritage. This may include changes in layout (such as 137 when finding a relic that cannot be relocated) conservation, preservation, restoration and recovery; â–ª If cultural sites and / or monuments are of high value, and the preservation of recommended positions by experts and the requirements of the agency responsible for the protection of local heritage, the project owner needs to change the design needed to accommodate the requirements and preserve these positions; â–ª Decisions regarding search management will be notified in writing by the competent authority. â–ª Construction works may continue only after obtaining permission from the agency responsible for the protection of the local heritage. 13) Over-exertion - Circular No. Contractors â–ª PMU Occupational 07/VBHN-BXD of â–ª CSCs â–ª Training for workers on construction material handling and finishing health and the Ministry of â–ª Commun techniques, including setting a weight limit on which mechanical assistance or safety Construction dated ity a two-person lift is required. March 16, 2020 supervisi â–ª Plan construction schedules to minimize the need for manual transport of regulating labor on board. heavy objects. safety management â–ª Select tools and design work points to reduce the required force and holding in construction time, and promote improved postures, including work stations that can adjust work. users. â–ª Perform administrative controls on work processes, such as work and rest or - QCVN 18: recess. 2014/BXD: Technical Sliding and falling regulations on â–ª Take good hygiene measures, such as arranging and placing loose construction construction safety materials or demolition debris in designated areas away from footpaths. QCVN â–ª Regular cleaning of waste and excess waste. 18/2021/BXD on â–ª Locate electrical wires and termites in common areas and marked corridors. â–ª Use non-slip shoes. safety in construction, issued 138 Work at height on December 20, 2021, replacing â–ª Training and use of temporary falls prevention devices, such as rails or other QCVN fences that can support a weight of 200 pounds, when working at or above two 18/2014/BXD from meters or at any height if the risk includes falling into operating machinery, June 20, 2022 into water or other liquids, into hazardous substances, or through the open area on the work surface. Guidance on â–ª Training and use of individual anti-fall systems, such as seat belts and energy- environment, health absorbing wires that are capable of supporting 2,268 kg (also described in the and safety of WB section on overhead work), as well as rescue procedures for those who fall to group prevent falling from above. â–ª Use control zones and safety monitoring systems to alert workers to locations near hazardous areas, as well as tightening, marking and labeling covers for openings on floors, roofs, or walking surfaces. Struck by widgets â–ª Use of regulated and restricted release or discharge areas, and / or gutters to safely move waste from top to bottom. â–ª Sawing, cutting, grinding, sanding, splitting or chiseling have proper protection and anchoring when applied. â–ª Maintain clear ways to avoid moving heavy equipment across loose materials. â–ª Use protective measures when people or materials fall by scaffolding and edges of high work surfaces, such as handrails and board planks to avoid material being shot. â–ª Move work areas during blasting and use explosion mats or deflecting methods to minimize flying rocks or ejecting debris if the work is carried out close to people or building. â–ª Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as safety glasses with side shields, masks, hard hats, and safety shoes. Moving machines 139 â–ª Plan and separate traffic locations, operate machinery and walk, and control vehicle traffic through one-way traffic routes, set speed limits, and those who are equipped to wear jackets that are easy to observe or wear specialized clothing to regulate traffic. â–ª Ensuring easy observation through the use of recognizable jackets when working in or walking through heavy equipment operation areas and training workers to check eye contact with the device operator before approaching the vehicle. â–ª Ensure the moving device is equipped with an alarm system. â–ª Use lifting devices that are well tested and maintained in accordance with loads, such as cranes, and ensure loads when lifting them above the required heights. DUST â–ª Perform dust mitigation techniques such as using water or non-toxic chemicals to minimize dirt from vehicle movements. â–ª Personal protective equipment such as masks will be used where the dust level is too high. Excavation and confined space â–ª Controlling specific elements on site can contribute to instability of slope of excavation and backfill activities, e.g. the use of water removal techniques in earthworks, side wall support and slope adjustment to eliminate or minimize the risk of collapse, forming traps, or drowning. â–ª Provide safe means to access and exit excavated areas, such as gradation ramps, graded access roads, or stairs and ladders. â–ª Avoid operating combustion appliances for long periods in earthworks areas where other workers must enter unless the area is ventilated. Other on-site hazards: 140 â–ª Use specially trained staff to identify and remove waste from containers, pots, pans, processing equipment or contaminated soil as the first step in being able to excavate, build, dismantle or destroy safely. â–ª Use specially trained employees to identify and choose to remove materials that are potentially hazardous in construction before dismantling including, e.g. insulators or structural elements containing asbestos and Polychlorinated Biphenyls, electrical components containing mercury. â–ª Use appropriate protective equipment based on health and safety assessment results, including respirators, protective clothing, gloves and eye protection. 14) On-site hazards Road traffic law Contractors â–ª PMU Community â–ª Ha Giang â–ª Subproject must implement risk management strategies to protect the number. health and community from physical, chemical or other hazards associated with 23/2008/QH12. DONRE Safety â–ª CSCs construction areas. Circular No. â–ª Commun â–ª Limit access to construction sites, through a combination of control rules and 07/VBHN-BXD of ity administrative measures, for structures or areas with high risks depending on the Ministry of supervisi specific situations of setting up barriers, signs and propagating risks to the local Construction dated on board. community. March 16, 2020 â–ª Eliminate hazards on construction sites that cannot be effectively controlled regulating labor by restricting access to construction sites, such as covering open areas into safety management shielded small spaces, ensure escape routes for larger open areas such as in construction excavation ditches or excavations or storage around hazardous materials. work. Disease prevention - QCVN 18: 2014/BXD: Communicable disease: Technical â–ª Need to monitor, screen and treat workers. regulations on â–ª Prevent diseases in workers, in the local community by: construction safety â–ª Provide initiatives to raise awareness about health and education, for example by implementing information strategies to reinforce personal awareness to QCVN address system factors that can affect individual behavior as well as promote 18/2021/BXD on safety in 141 personal protection and protect others from infection by encouraging condom construction, issued use. on December 20, â–ª Training health workers on treatment. 2021, replacing â–ª Conduct vaccination programs for local community workers to improve health QCVN and prevent infection. 18/2014/BXD from â–ª Providing medical services. June 20, 2022 â–ª Provide treatment through typical case management at on-site or community- Guidance based health care facilities. Ensure access to appropriate medical treatment, environment, health confidentiality and care, especially for migrant workers. and safety of WB â–ª Promote cooperation with local authorities to enhance the access of workers group and communities to public health services and promote immunization. The disease spreads by disease vector: â–ª Preventing the spread of larvae and pathogens through hygiene measures and eliminating larval habitats and reproduction around human settlements. â–ª Eliminate stagnant water. â–ª Increase flow in natural and artificial channels. â–ª Consider the application of pesticide residues. â–ª Implement integrated vector control programs. â–ª Promote the use of catch drugs, clothing, nets, and other preventive measures to prevent insect bites. â–ª Prophylactic treatment with non-immune drugs and coordination with health officials to destroy reservoirs that contain disease. â–ª Monitor and treat circulating and migrating populations to prevent the spread of disease. â–ª Collaborate and exchange tools and machines with other control programs in subproject area to maximize benefits. â–ª Train subproject staff and area residents on risk, prevention, and treatment. â–ª Follow communities in high-risk seasons to detect and treat cases. â–ª Distribute appropriate educational materials. 142 â–ª Follow safety guidelines for pesticide storage, transportation and use to minimize the potential risk of accidental abuse, spills, and human exposure. Disease control related to COVID-19 â–ª Prepare a backup plan: â–ª Contingency plans are developed at each site setting out the procedures that will be in place in the event that COVID-19 spreads to the site. A contingency plan should be developed in consultation with central and local health facilities, to ensure effective organizational forms are in place to prevent, care for and treat workers infected with COVID-19. Contingency plans should also consider how to respond if a large number of workers become ill, where access to and from the site may be restricted to prevent the spread of infection. Contingency plans that need to be developed and disseminated to employees include: â–ª Procedures for isolating and testing workers (and those with whom they have been in contact) with symptoms; â–ª Care and treatment for workers, including where and how this care and treatment will be provided; â–ª Receive an adequate supply of clean water, food, medical supplies and cleaning equipment in the event of an outbreak of disease at the site, especially when access to the site or transportation of supplies is restricted. The plan should outline specific actions if someone may become infected with COVID-19 at the construction site, including: â–ª Indicate arrangements to place the person in a room or area where they will be isolated from others at the construction site, limit the number of people in contact with the person, and contact local health authorities; â–ª Consider how to identify people at high risk (for example, due to pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes, heart and lung disease, or advanced age), and support them, without stigma and discrimination on the job site; and 143 â–ª Consider contingency plans and organize continuous operations if the epidemic breaks out in neighboring residential areas. â–ª Contingency plans should consider arrangements for storage and disposal of medical waste, which may increase in volume and remain infectious for several days (depending on material). It is necessary to discuss and agree on the support that site health workers may need, as well as arrange for transportation (without risk of cross-contamination) of sick workers to intensive care facilities, isolation or treatment at national health facilities. â–ª Contingency plans should also consider how to maintain the safety of workers and the community at the construction site in the event of a work suspension or disease outbreak affecting a large number of workers at any time. It is important that site safety measures are reviewed by a safety professional and implemented before construction is stopped. â–ª When making contingency plans, the subproject should discuss with other projects/labor groups in the region, to coordinate responses and share knowledge. It is important for local health units to be involved in this coordination process, to minimize changes to local facilities that are overwhelmed during an outbreak and are unable to serve the community. â–ª Coordinate with the local health authorities to periodically check the health of employees working on the construction site, spray and disinfect items, tools, labor protection equipment, and camp areas on the construction site. â–ª At the time of epidemics, regularly check body temperature and make personal medical declarations every working day, arrange to stop construction or implement a rotating work schedule, do not concentrate more than 10 people at the construction site. Employees should regularly wear masks, wash their hands with antibacterial solution before and after finishing work. 15) Stockpile â–ª Large-scale mines or storage areas will need specific measures far beyond the Contractors â–ª PMU and and scope of mitigation measures in this ESCOP. â–ª Ha Giang borrow pits â–ª All positions used must be predetermined in approved construction DONRE management engineering requirements. â–ª CSCs 144 â–ª An open moat will be built around the storage area to block wastewater. â–ª Commun â–ª For material mines that are opened for the first time, need to reserve the topsoil ity so that it can be reused later to restore the mine to return to its original natural supervisi condition. on board. â–ª The use of new areas for the storage, assembly or extraction of materials required for construction must be pre-approved by construction engineers. â–ª When land owners are affected by the use of their land area for stockpiling, material gathering or material mining, these owners must be included in the project's resettlement plan. â–ª If access roads are required, they must be considered in the environmental assessment. 16) Commun â–ª Maintain contact exchanges with local authorities and interested communities; Decree No. Contractors â–ª PMU ication with contractors need to cooperate with local authorities (Chairman of the 167/2013/ND-CP â–ª Ha Giang the local commune, the head of the village) on construction plans agreed in areas near on sanctioning DONRE community sensitive areas or in sensitive times (such as religious festivals). administrative â–ª CSCs â–ª Make copies in Vietnamese of ECOP and related environmental protection violations in the â–ª Commun documents for local agencies and workers. field of security, ity â–ª Play space, parking lot are reduced: Loss of public infrastructure during social order and supervisi construction is often an issue that is inconvenient for people in sensitive areas. safety. on board. However, the consultation of affected people will be done to create opportunities for research and implementation of alternative measures. â–ª Disseminate subproject information to influential parties (such as local authorities, businesses and affected households, etc.) in community meetings before construction starts. â–ª Provide contact information of public relations units so that interested parties can collect information about construction activities, status and results of subproject implementation. â–ª Provide all information, especially technical data, in an easy-to-understand and useful way for interested parties as well as authorities through tables and newsletters, when there are significant results in the implementation phase. 145 â–ª Managing community implications and information requirements when implementing subprojects. â–ª Timely and accurately respond to requests by phone and text. â–ª Notify local people about construction plans, service disruptions, detours and bus routes, in case of explosion, necessary destruction. â–ª Limit construction in the evening. If it is necessary to ensure that the work is well prepared and everyone is fully informed, necessary measures may be taken. â–ª Service disruption must be given at least 15 days in advance (including electricity, water, telephone, bus service, etc.) for people by pasting a notice at the place where the subproject is deployed, at the bus stop and at the affected businesses / households. â–ª Provide technical documents and drawings to local agencies and residents, specially drafting the construction area and the environmental and social management plan (ESMP) of the construction site. â–ª A notice board is required at all construction sites to provide information about the project as well as the contact information of the project management, environmental staff, safety and health staff, telephone numbers and other contact information for all individuals affected so that they can present their concerns as well as make suggestions.. b) Mitigation measures for site-specific impacts In addition to the above-mentioned general mitigation measures, 04 out of 05 reservoirs have site-specific impacts on sensitive receptors scattered across construction sites. After consulting local authorities and communities, site-specific solutions and implementation work are presented in the following table 146 Table 7. 3: Mitigation measures for site-specific impacts Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Monitoring Dumping can cause dust, - Notify specific construction schedule to Contractors PMU Tat mud in rainy days, households and local authorities; Lang landslides in the - Do not dumping and leveling the landfill on CSCs reservoir surrounding area, affecting rainy days; trucks carrying soil in accordance Ha Giang vegetation cover around with the permitted load regulations; DONRE the dumping site, waste - Do not carry out dumping of waste soil at night. land swept away with - Arrange rainwater collection trenches and Community rainwater to downstream settling pits around the dump site to limit supervision causing muddy, stagnant, rainwater overflow swiping mud and soil to the board The temporary dumping site affecting landscape. area downstream of the main dam; is at the foot of the The dump site is also a - Post signs of landslide prone areas so that downstream of the dam, cause of dust on windy people do not enter this area during the time of surrounded mainly by days, affecting the dumping; acacia trees and shrubs. surrounding vegetation and - Follow the correct disposal process: workers directly on the compacting layer by layer immediately after construction site. pouring, after completion of construction, the landfill is compacted for the last time and planted with grass to create a landscape for the project The road to transport The route from the inter- Reinforce the road, make a temporary road to materials from Lam village commune road to Lam serve the construction with the road surface to Tat Lang reservoir village and to the width ≥ 3m, to ensure that vehicles carrying construction site is materials can travel conveniently and safely; 2,118km long: of which - Place a notice board on the road section serving 1,035km is a degraded construction so that people can actively travel concrete road bm=2.5m safely and avoid unnecessary risks; wide, the rest is a narrow, 147 Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Monitoring muddy dirt road. It is - Arrange lighting for vehicles at night on the difficult to reinforced road for construction; travel. Especially in the rainy - After construction, the road 2,118m long will be upgraded into a management and operation season, it is impossible to use motor road of the work (1.035 km of concrete road and vehicles, 1.083 km of earth road), 20cm thick M250 creating many traffic risks. concrete structure. The road surface is 3.5m wide, the roadside is 0.5m wide, convenient for people to travel and manage and operate the reservoir. Dumping can cause dust, - Notify specific construction schedule to Contractors PMU mud in rainy days, households and local authorities; landslides in the - No dumping and leveling the landfill on rainy Ha Giang surrounding area. days; trucks carrying soil in accordance with the DONRE permitted load regulations - Post signs of CSCs landslide prone areas so that people do not enter this area during the time of dumping; Community - Do not carry out dumping of waste soil at night. supervision Na board The dump site at Chu Van - Settling pits will be arranged around the waste Luong Ngan's pond, Kim Ngoc dump, rainwater collection ditches to limit reservoir commune, 400m from the rainwater overflow and lead mud and soil to the reservoir, surrounded area downstream of the main dam mainly by acacia trees and - Post signs of landslide prone areas so that shrubs. people do not enter this area during the time of (Household has the need to dumping; use excess land from the - Follow the correct disposal process: work to level the pond) compacting layer by layer immediately after pouring 148 Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Monitoring The road to transport From the national highway Reinforce the road, make a temporary road to materials to Na Luong QL279, it is about 1.0km serve the construction with the road surface reservoir long road. Of which, 276m width ≥ 3m, to ensure that vehicles carrying has not been solidified. The materials can travel conveniently and safely; dirt road is small and - Place a notice board on the road section serving narrow, making it difficult construction so that people can actively travel to transport materials, safely and avoid unnecessary risks; creating traffic risks. - Arrange lighting for vehicles at night on the reinforced road for construction; - After construction, the road 276m long will be upgraded into a management and operation road of the work, 20 cm thick M250 concrete structure. The road surface is 3.5m wide, the roadside is 0.75m wide. -The construct and repair - Notify specific construction schedule to Contractors PMU activities of the main works households and local authorities; generate dust, noise, - Minimize the construction at night; Ha Giang vibration, waste, - Arrange temporary roads for households in DONRE wastewater, and the Kim Tien village to travel, without disrupting CSCs concentration of workers traffic; may affect the daily life of - Do not arrange large machinery such as rollers, Community Kim Tien supervision reservoir these households. cranes, concrete mixers, and dumps of materials - Affecting accessibility of and waste soil near people's temporary roads to board household using the road avoid traffic risks and landslides when people There is 1 household (3 passing the main dam for crossing this temporary road. people) living near the main daily living. dam construction area (>70m from the construction area). 149 Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Monitoring The existing dam route is combined with a traffic road to some households in Kim Tien village (about 7 households). The road to transport The current condition of Reinforce the road, make a temporary road to materials to Kim Tien the material transport road serve the construction with the road surface reservoir is about 383.6m long, the width ≥ 3m, to ensure that vehicles carrying road surface width is about materials can travel conveniently and safely; 2.0-4.0m. When it rains, - Place a notice board on the road section serving the road is often muddy and construction so that people can actively travel difficult to move to the safely and avoid unnecessary risks; construction site. Difficulty - Arrange lighting for vehicles at night on the in transporting materials, reinforced road for construction; creating many traffic risks - After construction, the road 383.36m long will be upgraded into a management and operation road of the work. The road has M250 concrete structure, 20cm thick. The road surface is 3.5m wide, the roadside is 0.75m wide. This road will connect with inter-village road passing through Kim Tien reservoir. 150 Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Monitoring The construct and repair - Notify specific construction schedule for Contractors PMU activities of the main works households and local authorities; generate dust, noise, - Do not to arrange material storage yards and Ha Giang vibration, waste, construction camps near people's houses, fully DONRECSCs wastewater, and the apply measures to minimize impacts on the Community concentration of workers environment and society supervision may affect the daily life of - Minimize the construction at night; board these households. - Do not arrange large machinery such as rollers, - Affecting accessibility of cranes, concrete mixers, and dumps of materials household using the road and waste soil near people's temporary roads to passing the main dam for avoid traffic risks and landslides when people daily living. crossing this temporary road. - Construction activities - Establish a "no-access" area around or under Khu may cause damage to power transmission lines; Vang transmission lines due to - The following acts are strictly prohibited reservoir Near the main dam short circuits caused by (according to Decree 14/2004/ND-CP of the construction area, there is 1 operation of cranes and Government on electrical safety): household living and there concrete pump trucks near + Using electricity poles as camps; is an electric line going transmission lines i.e. + Using the power transmission line for other along the construction and within the safety corridors purposes without the permission of the operation route to Phai of transmission lines; management agency; village, Bach Ngoc - Overhead power cords + Using equipment that can cause vibration or commune, Vi Xuyen can be entangled by metal damage to power transmission lines district. equipment, such as poles or + Store materials, equipment, and waste in safe ladders, and vehicles with corridors; metal crates. Vehicles or + Stockpiling explosives, flammable materials grounded metal objects and chemicals that can cause corrosion or brought close to overhead damage to transmission lines; conductors can result in 151 Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Monitoring collisions between wires + Digging causes subsidence for electricity and objects, without actual poles; contact; + Stealing items of power transmission lines. - Workers working in the - Make a dismantling plan (if it has to be area with power relocated) and notify people and production transmission lines may facilities around the area when it is time to have an electric shock dismantle and stop supplying electricity. accident. - Contractors, PMUs coordinate with functional - Causing power outages agencies (EVN Ha Giang), using the right affecting the daily life and specialized workers in the dismantling process. production of the The contractor and the PMU will coordinate households in Phai village, with the electricity management unit in Bach Bach Ngoc commune Ngoc commune to make temporary electric poles so that people won't be interrupted; After the construction is completed, the electric poles will be recovered as they were in their original state The road to transport Reinforce the road, make a temporary road to materials from the inter- serve the construction with the road surface commune road to Khu width ≥ 3m, to ensure that vehicles carrying Vang reservoir is 1.328 km materials can travel conveniently and safely; The road to transport long, a narrow dirt road - Place a notice board on the road section serving materials from inter- b=2.5÷3.0m wide and has construction so that people can actively travel communal road to Khu not been reinforced. When safely and avoid unnecessary risks; Vang reservoir it rains, the road is often - Arrange lighting for vehicles at night on the muddy and difficult to reinforced road for construction; travel except for - After construction, the road 1360m long will rudimentary vehicles. It is be upgraded into a management and operation difficulty in transporting road of the work. The road has M250 concrete 152 Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Monitoring materials, creating many structure, 20cm thick. The road surface is 3.5m traffic risks. wide, the roadside is 0.75m wide. This road will connect with inter-village road to be convenient to manage and operate Khu Vang reservoir and for travel of people. Drilling and cement Wastewater generated Comply with National Standard TCVN 8645: Contractors PMU injection is carried out in from washing boreholes 2011 Irrigation works - Technical requirements Ha Giang the head dam. Cement will likely infiltrate the for drilling and injecting cement into the rock DONRE injection aims to create a surrounding surface water foundation; waterproof layer over the bodies; CSCs After injecting cement into all sections and dam Community Impact on the groundwater boreholes, the boreholes must be filled with quality because the grout mortar; supervision has not yet hardened; board In case of presence of pressurized groundwater, Impact on the health of only vortex drilling is allowed to remove Na workers. hardened cement in the boreholes and drill the Luong, next section after cement has been harden in the Khu injected area; Vang All exposed parts and moving parts of the cement ejector machinery must be shielded to prevent foreign objects from falling in to damage the machine and causing injury to people. - Ensure no additives, harmful chemicals are mixed in the drilling composite. - A temporary standard settling pit will be built to collect the spilled solution from the drilling 153 Works Location/Description Potential impacts Mitigation measures Responsibility Monitoring process in the infiltration treatment in the dam body. Depending on the hazard level, sediments from the pits will be collected, dried, and further treated or transported to the local permitted disposal areas after the end of the drilling process according to the following regulations on waste treatment of the Government. - The equipment and tools for the preparation of drilling fluid will be managed and cleaned appropriately to avoid the penetration of the drilling fluid into the soil, surface water and groundwater environment. - Ensure the process of response and handling when spills occur due to drilling and injecting. 7.2.3. Mitigation measures during the operation phase Upon the completion of the construction, the reservoirs will ensure water storage capacity according to the design and irrigation for agricultural cultivation downstream. Solutions related to reservoir safety and operation are further addressed in the report “Dam Safetyâ€? of the same project. 154 Table 7. 4: General mitigation measures during the operation phase Regulations and Responsibility Impacts Mitigation measures Monitoring standards to implement Dam safety Emergency preparedness plan (EPP) - Law The reservoir DARD risk To ensure the effectiveness of the EPP, it should include the following: 33/2013/QH13 on management Local natural disaster unit authority • Emergency preparedness plan prevention and and people - Brief introduction of the project; control - Regulation of responsibilities of relevant agencies and units; - Law - Organization of observation, assessment, detection, forecasting, emergency 08/2017/QH14 classification and notification mechanism; Law on Irrigation - Emergency preparedness plan (at reservoir and downstream area). - Ordinance on • Emergency response activities exploitation and - Decision to issue emergency response orders; protection of water resources works - Emergency response activities at the reservoir; No. 32/2001/PL- - Emergency response activities in downstream areas; UBTVQH10; - Activities after emergency situation. - Ordinance on • Prepare and analyze dam failure scenarios prevention and Based on the actual conditions of the works, the operation process and the 0.5% control of floods flood calculation data, the analysis proposes the scenarios that cause the dam to and storms No. break. These are the bases for developing timely response measures. 27/2010/PL- • Make flood maps due to flood discharge and dam failure to identify affected UBTVQH10; people in the event of a dam failure risk, and have a plan to relocate people to a - TCKT safe place. 03:2015/TCTL: • Make an alarm plan: When there are dangerous situations about dam safety, an Water resources alarm plan will be prepared for local authorities and people in areas that are works – Guidelines considered to be at high risk. for building flood maps downstream 155 Regulations and Responsibility Impacts Mitigation measures Monitoring standards to implement • Communication: Timely and accurate communication to commune authorities of water reservoirs and people as quickly as possible in situations of emergency flood • Make plans for relocation and rescue discharge and dam In the event of force majeure, the dam breaking process will form a rapidly failure. concentrated flood wave that will overwhelm the low-lying areas of the - TCKT 05: 2015: downstream of the work. The impact on people and facilities depends on the spread Standard for dam and inundation, this process evolves in time and space depending on the safety assessment. development of the dam hole and the topographical characteristics of the lower area of the project. Therefore, the timely and accurate formulation of population - Baseline standard and property relocation plans will minimize material and human losses. TCCS 06:2015/TCTL (1st • Attached appendices and implementation instructions edition): Water - Map of reservoir area and reservoir basin. resources works – - Tables and charts to look up floods to the reservoir. Guidelines for - Flood maps, landmark system to determine flood boundaries, planning readiness - The map shows evacuation options in different emergency situations, showing and response in the evacuation route system (the way to the evacuation area), the location of the case of emergency evacuation area, gathering people and property, command and control points, flood discharge or communication stations (post offices) etc... dam failure. - Table specifying alarm levels for emergency situations, - 14 sectoral standards - Table of organization chart, command, contact information 121:2002: - The table specifying the responsibilities and duties of officials at all levels, Reservoir for - Table of phone book, email, web-site of related individuals and units. irrigation works, regulations on setting up and promulgating operating 156 Regulations and Responsibility Impacts Mitigation measures Monitoring standards to implement procedures and regulation. - Decree 114/ND- CP dated September 04, 2018 on dam safety and reservoir management. Risk of - Install information and warning signs around the dams and reservoirs. The reservoir DARD drowning - Propagate risks of drowning in communities near reservoirs. management Local unit authority and people Domestic - Limit activities that generate solid waste and waste water. The reservoir DARD waste from - No littering. management Local activities of unit authority - Garbage must be collected and transported to the local landfill. reservoir and people operators - Wastewater must be collected into the settlement tanks before being discharged into the outside environment. - Propaganda to raise awareness of lake managers in environmental protection. Repair and - Inform downstream residents about the annual repair and maintenance plan. The reservoir DARD maintenanc - Perform periodic repair and maintenance activities in a short period of time when management Local e water demand is lowest. unit authority - Implement measures to maintain water supply during repairing to ensure no and people interruption of water supply. Regulating - Prepare an emergency response plan as part of the dam safety report before the The reservoir DARD reservoirs reservoirs are put into operation. management and flood unit 157 Regulations and Responsibility Impacts Mitigation measures Monitoring standards to implement discharge - Management and operation units should promptly and accurately notify flood Local in case of discharge so that the community can take initiatives in grasping and responding. authority big floods and people - At times when insecurity is likely to occur such as stormy season, it is necessary affecting to send people to regularly monitor and be on duty to ensure proper water downstrea regulation. m - Building safety corridors for flood discharge, on the basis of prediction scenarios; Specific solutions are detailed in the Dam Safety report and emergency response plan. - During operation, regularly check, reinforce, repair, dredging, clearing aggressive shrubs on flood drainage canals after overflow to ensure flood drainage capacity of the reservoirs according to each weather condition. Monitor the annual change of flood discharge to propose options to widen the flood drainage canals if necessary. - Khu Vang reservoir which does not have flood drainage canal, after being reinforced for flood discharge in this project, it has reinforced concrete structure with spillway width B = 6.0m. During the operation of the reservoir, it should monitor the annual flood drainage and propose to the local authorities and the reservoir management unit to add additional flood drainage canal if necessary. Risks of The management unit operates the reservoirs regularly and periodically checks the The reservoir DARD natural safety of reservoirs. management Local disasters Properly comply with operating procedures to ensure safety for the reservoir. unit authority The reservoir management and operation unit works closely with the CPCs and and people local people to promptly report risks related to dam safety to take timely remedies. Local people and local authorities take initiative in community-based disaster response plans. 158 Regulations and Responsibility Impacts Mitigation measures Monitoring standards to implement Develop scenarios for forecasting impacts on space due to dam failure, migration options, safety measures for community life and property in emergency situations,... detailed content is shown in the Subproject dam safety report and emergency response plan. 159 7.3. Implementation Organization 7.3.1. Project management a) Central level The MARD is responsible for the implementation and management of the entire project. Provinces carrying out repair and upgrading of the dams under Component 1 and MARD will coordinate activities with the MOIT and MONRE under Component 2. The CPMU under MARD is responsible for coordination and overall supervision of the project. Implementation of repairing and preparation of dam safety plans, including protection and relocation, are focused on the provincial government. The PPC and DARD are the provincial chair. The PPMU is responsible for managing and supervising the works with support from the CPMU. The central level project management unit will assist in the implementation of the project by the environmental and social technical support unit. In addition, CPMU shall hire independent consultants to evaluate the implementation of environmental and social policy of the whole project, every 6 months. This is the organization selected through the competitive bidding process, to provide support and quality assistance to the central level during the implementation process. This includes support to the central level project management unit in reviewing, adjusting when needed. This process will be considered in accordance with the context of Decree 114/2018/ND-CP of GoV dated on September 4th 2018 on Management of dam, reservoir safety. b) Provincial level The PPC has assigned the MARD to implement the project, establish the WB8 Project Management Unit (PPMU) to carry out the bidding, supervise the construction, resettlement action plan, environmental and social management plan . These plans must be in line with the overall framework of the overall project. The PPMU will be supported by technical and environmental consultants from the CPMU. Project implementation organizations are presented in the following diagram. Source: ESMF of DRSIP, 2015 Figure 7. 1: The structural organization of the project implementation 160 7.3.2. Roles and responsibilities of environmental and safety management In regular investment monitoring activities, the CPMU will carry out inspections with local environmental authorities to determine whether the implementation of the subproject meets all the requirements of the ESMF, ESIA and ESMP. This agency will conduct field surveys at different stages of the subproject to confirm that the environmental and social management plan and the environmental and social monitoring plan are fully implemented. A monitoring report covering environmental and social management issues will be included in the overall monitoring report. The designated environmental and social experts are responsible for preparing quarterly and annual reports on major project implementation steps, outputs and results of environmental and social management actions which prepared for all investments content throughout the subproject cycle. The CPMU requires the PPMU to have a corresponding environmental component in its investments, including significant mitigation activities, and to mention significant environmental incidents that have occurred. All PPMUs must include the environmental component in all reports prepared for the WB. Stakeholders should be fully aware of the mechanism for implementing the ESMP in the project investments. This will be very important in supporting and evaluating their role in environmental monitoring and evaluation of the subproject activities. Organization chart during the implementation of the ESMP is in the following figure. Figure 7. 2: Organizational chart for ESMP implementation Details of the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in environmental and social management during the project implementation are presented in the following table. Table 7. 5: Roles and responsibilities of key parties Units Responsibilities CPMU, on behalf of MARD, will be responsible for monitoring the overall implementation of the project, including compliance with the environmental and CPMU social safeguard policy of the project. Responsible for reporting on the implementation of the environmental protection policy of the project to MONRE and the WB. 161 Units Responsibilities CPMU will be assisted in the overall implementation of the project with a technical assistance consultant, technical assistant will develop a system to properly monitor social and safety issues in the project launching process. Independent third-party monitoring will conduct regular independent evaluation of project activities. Independent third-party monitoring will also assess the compliance of policies and the implementation of safety tools, In which environmental management plans / resettlement policy / resettlement action plan, ethnic minority development plan and gender action plan. PPMU will be responsible for monitoring the overall subproject implementation, including environmental compliance of the subproject. PPMU will have the final responsibility for ESMP implementation and environmental performance of the subproject during the construction and operational phases. PPMU Specifically the PPMU will: (i) closely coordinate with local authorities in the participation of the community during subproject preparation and implementation; (ii) monitor and supervise ESMP implementation including incorporation of ESMP into the detailed technical designs and bidding and contractual documents; (iii) ensure that an environmental management system is set up and functions properly; (iv) be in charge of reporting on ESMP implementation to the CPMU and the WB. PPMU The ES is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the WB’s Environmental environmental and social safeguard policies in all phases and process of the and Social subproject. Specifically, ES will be responsible for: (i) helping PPMU incorporate Staff(s) (ES) ESMP into the detailed technical designs and civil works bidding and contractual documents; (ii) helping PMU incorporate responsibilities for ESMP and RAP monitoring and supervision into the TORs, bidding and contractual documents for the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) as needed; iii) providing relevant inputs to the consultant selection process; (iv) reviewing reports submitted by the CSC and safeguard consultants; (v) conducting periodic site checks; (vi) helping the PPMU on solutions to handle social and resettlement issues of the subproject; and (vii) preparing environmental and social performance section on the progress and review reports to be submitted to the CPMU and the WB. The CSC will assign Environmental and Social Staff(s) and will be responsible for routine supervising and monitoring all construction activities and for ensuring that Contractors comply with the requirements of the contracts and the ESMP. The CSC Construction will engage sufficient number of qualified staff (e.g. Environmental Engineers) Supervision with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction subproject Consultant management to perform the required duties and to supervise the Contractor’s (CSC) performance. The CSC will also assist the PPMU in (i) reporting and maintaining close coordination with the local community, and (ii) strengthening safeguard capacity for civil contractors. The bidding unit will submit the following additional documents to the PMU for bidding documents: Behavior rules (ESHS) Bidders The contractor will submit a Code of Conduct that will apply to employees and subcontractors, to ensure compliance with environmental, social, health and safety obligations (ESHS) according to the Contract. In addition, the Contractor will detail how this Code of Conduct will be implemented. This will include: how it will be included in the conditions of 162 Units Responsibilities employment / participation, training will be provided, how it will be tracked and how the Contractor proposes to deal with any violations Management strategies and implementation plans (MSIP) for risk management (ESHS) The Contractor will send Management Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIP) to manage the major Environment, Social, Health and Safety risks (ESHS) by the following: - Traffic management plan to ensure safety for local communities from construction traffic; - Water resource protection plan to prevent drinking water pollution; - Marking strategy and boundary protection for mobilization and construction to prevent peripheral adverse effects; - Strategy to obtain consent / license before starting related tasks such as opening a quarry or mine. The Contractor shall appoint an official to monitor and implement the proposed environmental and social mitigation measures in the ESIA. The contractor must submit to the PMU for approval, and then implement, Contractor’s environmental and social management plan (C-ESMP)2, in accordance with the Specific Conditions of the Contract Terms 16.2, including the Management Strategy and the agreed implementation plan. The contractor is required to designate competent individuals as Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO), will be responsible for monitoring compliance with the Code of Conduct and management strategies and implementation plans (MSIP) for risk management (ESHS) Contractor Take actions to mitigate all potential negative impacts in line with the objective described in the CESMP. Actively communicate with local residents and take actions to prevent disturbance during construction. Ensure that all staff and workers understand the procedure and their tasks in the environmental management program. Report to the PPMU and CSC on any difficulties and their solutions. Report to local authority and PPMU and CSC if environmental accidents occur and coordinate with agencies and keys stakeholders to resolve these issues 2 The Contractor will not start any Works, including mobilization and / or pre-construction activities (e.g. limited clearance for roads, service roads and sites, geotechnical investigations or investigations to select auxiliary features like quarries and coal mines), unless PMU is satisfied that appropriate measures are taken to address environmental, social, health and safety risks and impacts. At a minimum, the Contractor will apply the Management Strategy and Implementation Plan and the Code of Conduct, submitted as part of the bid and agreed to as part of the Contract. The Contractor shall submit, on a continuous basis, for prior approval by the TDA Director, Additional Management Strategies and Additional Implementation Plans as necessary to manage the risks and impacts of ESHS on ongoing projects. These management strategies and implementation plans include the entire Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP). C-ESMP will be approved before starting construction activities (e.g. excavation, soil works, bridges and structures, flow and roads, material extraction or exploitation, concrete mixing and asphalt production). C-ESMP approved will be reviewed, periodically (but not less than once every six months), and be updated promptly, upon request, by the Contractor to ensure that it has measures in accordance with the Works activities which will be implemented. The C-ESMP update will need to be approved in advance by the subproject director. 163 Units Responsibilities The local community supervision board was set up under the Decision No. 80/2005 / QD-CP dated 18 April 2005 of the Prime Minister on the Regulation on community investment supervisionâ€?. According to Vietnamese practice, the Local community has the right and responsibility to routinely monitor environmental community performance during construction to ensure that their rights and safety are adequately protected and that the mitigation measures are effectively implemented by contractors and the PPMU. If unexpected problems occur, they will report to the CSC and PPMU Oversee implementation of subprojects under recommendations of DONRE and PPMU to ensure compliance of Government policy and regulations. DONRE is PPC, DONRE responsible for monitoring the compliance with the Government environmental requirements. 7.4. Environmental compliance framework Responsibilities of Contractors, Safety, Social and Environmental Staff (SSEO) and CSCs not mentioned in the SPD, should be included in investor requirements (part 7 of SPD). 7.4.1. Environmental responsibility of contractor3 â–ª First of all, the Contractor must be committed to minimizing potential impact of the construction activities of the project. The contractor also must apply ESMP mitigation measures to prevent damage and inconvenience to local communities and the environment due to impacts during construction and operation. â–ª The Contractor must submit the approval and then implement the Contractor's Environmental Management and Social Management Plan, in accordance with the specific Conditions of the Contract Clause 16.2, including the Strategy for Management and Implementation of Plans. â–ª Remedial activities that cannot be carried out during construction must be carried out upon completion of the project (and before accepting the completion of the project). The Contractor's duties include, but are not limited to: - Compliance with relevant legislative requirements governing the environment, public health and safety; - Work within the scope of contractual requirements and other tender conditions. - Organize representatives of the construction team to participate in the joint site inspections undertaken by the Environmental Staff of PPMU & CSC. - Coordinate with the units with functions to conduct periodic environmental monitoring according to the content of ESIA. - Coordinate with PPMU to conduct training and propaganda of social safety policies for officials and employees on construction sites. 3 If the Contractor is not performing or does not perform any of the ESHS obligations or works under the Contract, the values of the obligations or works determined by the Project Manager may be withheld until they are implemented and / or repaired or replace. The cost as determined by the Project Manager may be withheld until the repair or replacement is completed. Failure to implement includes, but not limited to, the following: • Failing to comply with any of the ESHS obligations or works described in the Building Requirement, including: working beyond the boundaries of the site, excessive dust, failing to keep public roads in condition safe use, damage to vegetation, water or sediment contamination, soil contamination e.g. from oil, human waste, archaeological damage or cultural heritage characteristics, air pollution due to fire is not allowed and / or is ineffective; • Unregularly reviewing the C-ESMP and / or updating it in a timely manner to address emerging ESHS issues or anticipate risks or impacts; • Not implementing C-ESMP; • Having no prior consent / permission before commencing work or related activities; • Not submitting ESHS reports (as described in Appendix C of the SPD), or failing to submit reports timely; • Not taking remedies under the Engineer's direction for the specified period of time (e.g., correcting non-compliance).. 164 - Carry out any corrective actions instructed by the Environmental Staff of the PPMU and CSC. - In case of non-compliances/discrepancies, carry out investigation and submit proposals on mitigation measures, and implement remedial measures to reduce environmental impact; â–ª Stop construction activities, which generate adverse impacts upon receiving instructions from the Environmental Staff of PPMU and CSCs. Propose and carry out corrective actions and implement alternative construction method, if required, in order to minimize the environmental impacts; Non-compliance by the Contractor will be cause for suspension of works and other penalties until the non-compliance has been resolved to the satisfaction of the ES of PMU and CSC. 7.4.2. Environmental, social and safety officers of contractor The contractor shall be required to appoint competent staff(s) as the Contractor’s on-site safety, Social and environmental officer (SEO). The SEO must be appropriately trained in environmental management and must possess the skills necessary to transfer environmental management knowledge to all personnel involved in the contract. The SEO will be responsible for monitoring the contractor’s compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental specifications. The duties of the SEO shall include but not be limited to the following: â–ª Carry out environmental site inspections to assess and audit the contractors' site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures implemented; â–ª Monitor compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contractual requirements; â–ª Support functional units to periodically monitor environment according to ESIA content. â–ª Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; â–ª Prepare audit reports for the site environmental conditions; â–ª Investigate complaints and recommend any required corrective measures; â–ª Advise the contractor on environment improvement, awareness and proactive pollution prevention measures; â–ª Recommend suitable mitigation measures to the contractor in the case of non- compliance. Carry out additional monitoring of noncompliance instructed by the ES of PPMU and CSC â–ª Inform the contractor and ES (of PPMU and CSC) of environmental issues, submit contractor’s ESMP Implementation Plan to the ES of PPMU and CSC, and relevant authorities, if required; â–ª Keep detailed records of all site activities that may relate to the environment. 7.4.3. Environmental and social monitoring during construction During the construction process, a qualified CSCs reports to the PPMU regarding environmental and social monitoring. The CSC will assign environmental and social staff to be responsible for checking and supervising all construction activities to ensure that the ESMP selected mitigation measures are implemented correctly, and negative environmental and social impacts of subprojects are minimized. Construction supervision consultant will hire environmental and social monitoring engineers with knowledge about construction project management and environmental and social protection to fulfill the required responsibilities and supervise the contractor's performance. In particular, the environmental and social staff of construction supervision consultant will: 165 â–ª On behalf of the PPMU, consider and evaluate whether or not construction design meets the requirements of the ESMP’s mitigation and management measures. â–ª Supervision of contractor's environmental and social management system including implementation, experience and ability to address environmental and social issues on site, and provide adjustment instructions; â–ª Review the ESMP implementation of the contractor, verify and confirm environmental and social monitoring procedures, parameters, monitoring positions, equipment and results; â–ª Report the implementation of ESMP to the PPMU and prepare the environmental and social monitoring report during the construction phase every month or every quarter. 7.4.4. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements The constructions activities shall comply not only with contractual environmental protection and pollution control requirements but also with environmental protection and pollution control laws of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. All reports on construction methods are submitted by the Contractor to the CSC and PPMU for review and approval for sufficient environmental protection and pollution control measures. The CSC and PPMU shall also review the progress and program of the works, relevant environmental laws having not been violated, and that any potential for violating the laws can be prevented. The Contractor shall copy relevant documents to the SEO and the ES of CSC and PPMU. The document shall at least include the updated work progress report, the updated work measure, and the application letters for different license/permits under the environmental protection laws, and all the valid license/permit. The SEO and the ES shall also have access, upon request, to the Site Log-Book. After reviewing the documents, the SEO or the ES shall advise the PPMU and the contractor of any non-compliance with the contractual and legislative requirements on environmental protection and pollution control for them to take follow-up actions. If the SEO or the ES concludes that the status on license/permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control preparation works may not comply with the work measure or may result in potential violation of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they shall advise the Contractor and the PPMU accordingly. 1. Reporting In addition to progress reports, contractors must also provide reports on Environment, Social, Health and Safety issues (ESHS) as specified in Appendix B of the standard bidding package (SPD). In addition to reports in Appendix B, Contractors must also inform PPMU immediately of the following issues. Full details of these incidents will be provided to PPMU during the time agreed with PPMU. â–ª Confirm or potentially violate any international law or agreement; â–ª Any fatal or serious casualties (damage on time); â–ª Significant adverse effects or damages to personal property (e.g., car accidents, flying stones, boundary work) â–ª Serious pollution of groundwater or damage or destruction of habitats or endangered and rare species (including protected areas); or â–ª Any allegations of sexual harassment or sex offenses, child abuse, defamation, or other violations involving children. Table 7. 6: Request for Reporting 166 No Reported by Submitted to Frequency Immediately for risks or incidents related to the subproject that has or is likely to have 1 Contractors CSC serious adverse impacts on the environment, affected communities, the public or workers. Every month as required Immediately for risks or incidents related to the subproject that has or is likely to have 2 CSC PPMU serious adverse impacts on the environment, affected communities, the public or workers. Every month as required Community When the community has complaints about 3 PPMU supervision board the subproject's safeguard policy DONRE and Every six months, comply with government 4 PPMU CPMU environmental legal regulations 2. Grievance Redress Mechanism Complaints relating to any subproject's problems will be solved through negotiations to achieve the consensus. A complaint will go through three Stages before it can be transferred to the court. The enforcement unit will pay all administrative and legal fees relating to the acceptance of complaints. This cost is included in the subproject budget. a. Complaint procedures and resolution will be performed as follows. People’s Committee of ward /commune: An affected household is to take his/her complaint to any member of the People's Committee of the ward / commune, through the village head or directly to People’s Committee of the commune / ward, in written or oral form. The said member(s) of the People’s Committee or the village head will inform the People’s C ommittee of the ward/commune on the complaint. The People's Committee of Ward/Commune will work directly in person with the said affected household and will decide on the settlement of the complaint 5 days after receiving such complaint (this may take 15 days in mountainous or remote areas). The Secretariat of the People’s Committee of the relevant commune/ward is responsible for documenting and recording all the complaints that it is handling. After the Ward/Commune People's Committee issues its decision, the relevant household can make an appeal within 30 days. In case a second decision has been issued but the said household is still not satisfied with such decision, such household can appeal to the municipal (city) People’s Committee (CPC). People’s Committee of district/town. Upon receiving a complaint from a household, the DPC will have 15 days (or 30 days in case of remote and mountainous areas) after receiving the complaint to resolve the case. The DPC is responsible for filing and storing documents on all complaints that it handles. When the CPC has issued a decision, the household can make an appeal within 30 days. In case a second decision has been issued and the household is still not satisfied with such a decision, they can appeal to the Provincial People’s Committee (PPC) in line with Law of complaint 2011 and relevant documents. Provincial People’s Committee: Upon receiving a complaint from the household, the PPC will have 30 days (or 45 days in case of remote and mountainous areas) after receiving the complaint 167 to resolve the case. The PPC is responsible for filing and storing documents for all complaints to be submitted. After the PPC has issued a decision, the household can appeal within 45 days. In case a second decision has been issued and the household is still not satisfied with such decision, they can appeal to the court within 45 days. The PPC will then have to pay the compensation into an account. Provincial Court. In case a complainant brings his/her case to a provincial court and the court rules in favor of the complainant, the provincial authorities will have to increase the compensation up to such a rate as may be ruled by the court. In case the court’s ruling is in favor of the PPC, the complainant will be refunded the amount of money that has been paid to the court. The decision ruling the settlement of complaints will have to be sent to complainants and concerned parties, and shall be publicly posted at the headquarters of the People's Committee of the relevant level. The complainant will receive such ruling three days after the result of complaint resolution at the ward / commune / town level has been decided upon and 7 days at the district or provincial level. To minimize the number of complaints at provincial level, the PPMU will coordinate with the District Compensation Committee of Vi Xuyen, Bac Quang district to participate and provide consultation in solving complaints and respond to complainants. Its role and capacity is to carry out the compensation, support and arrange resettlement for affected households and displaced persons. Personnel: The environment and resettlement staff chosen by the PPMU will design and maintain a database of the subproject-related complaints from affected households, including information such as: the nature of the complaint, the source and date of receipt of the complaint, the name and address of the complainant, action plan, and current status. For oral complaints, the receiving/ mediator board will record these requests in a complaint form at the first meeting with the affected person b. Contractor and Construction Supervision Consultant During construction, the GRM will also be managed by the contractors under supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform the affected communities and communes about the GRM availability to handle complaints and concerns about the subproject. This will be done via the community consultation and information disclosure process under which the contractors will communicate with the affected communities and interested authorities on a regular basis. Meetings will be held at least quarterly, monthly information brochures will be published, announcements will be placed in local media, and notices of upcoming planned activities will be posted, etc. All complaints and corresponding actions undertaken by the contractors will be recorded in subproject safeguard monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages could be lodged as follows: â–ª Verbally: direct to the CSC and/ or the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives at the site offices. â–ª In writing: by hand-delivering or posting a written complaint to specified addresses. â–ª By telephone, fax, e-mails: to the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives. Upon receipt of a complaint, the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives will register the complaint in a complaint file and maintain a log of events pertaining to it thereafter, 168 until it is resolved. Immediately after receipt, four copies of the complaint will be prepared. The original will be kept in the file, one copy will be used by the contractor’s safeguard staff, and one copy will be forwarded to the CSC, and the fourth copy to the PPMU within 24 hours since receipt of the complaint. Information to be recorded in the complaint log will consist of: â–ª The date and time of the complaint. â–ª The name, address and contact details of the complainant. â–ª A short description of the complaint. â–ª Actions taken to address the complaint, including contact persons and findings at each step in the complaint redress process. â–ª The dates and times when the complainant is contacted during the redress process. â–ª The final resolution of the complaint. â–ª The date, time and manner in which the complainant was informed thereof. â–ª The complainant’s signature when resolution has been obtained. Minor complaints will be dealt with within one week. Within two weeks (and weekly thereafter), a written reply will be delivered to the complainant (by hand, post, fax, e-mails) indicating the procedures taken and progress to date. The main objective will be to resolve an issue as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few people as possible, and at the lowest possible level. Only when an issue cannot be resolved at the simplest level and/ or within 15 days, will other authorities be involved. Such a situation may arise, for example, when the damage is claimed, the amount of payment requests cannot be resolved, or the cause of the damage is determined c. WB Grievance Redress Mechanism Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a WB (WB) supported subproject may submit complaints to existing subproject-level grievance redress mechanism or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in order to address subproject-related concerns. Subproject affected communities and individuals may submit their complaints to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel which determines whether harms occurred, or could occur, as a result of WB non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at any time after concerns have been brought directly to the WB’s attention, and Bank Management has been given an opportunity to respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the WB’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For information on how to submit complaints to the WB Inspection Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org. 7.5. ESIA implementation plan 7.5.1. ESMP implementation plan of the Contractor Shortly after the contract is signed, based on the approved subproject ESMP and construction methods, construction plan approved by CSC and PPMU, the Contractor prepares Contractor’s ESMP (C-ESMP) of the package and submits to the CSC for review and approval. After the C- ESMP is approved by CSC, the contractor carries out the environmental and social impact mitigation measures in the construction site. â–ª The C-ESMP will be disclosed at worker’s camp, site office and places where people and local authorities have easy access to disseminate the information of mitigation measures to workers and local people. 169 â–ª Making the public information panel at entrances of construction site, address, representative, phone number of stakeholders for supervision by local community and contact as necessary. â–ª Assigning staff in charge of environment and safety, training, providing PPE, regular health examination for workers. â–ª Surveying, examination of environmental status on site, reporting to the CSC if there are significant differences compared to the environmental background. â–ª Contracting with the authorized units for treatment of domestic wastes, hazardous wastes, and clean water supply. â–ª Managing the workers and construction equipment and providing new certificate in case of expiration. â–ª Implementing ESMP and updating, and submitting to the CSC for approval if there are changes before application. â–ª Cooperating with the PPMU and CSC to deal with the complaint of local people about the environmental and safety problem of the package in a timely manner. â–ª Reporting on the package ESMP implementation monthly. 7.5.2. Start up the subproject and personnel Contractors' environmental and social safety officials must be trained in relevant rules and must have a certificate of health and occupational safety and work full-time on site. Provide training on health and occupational safety for workers and regularly perform health and safety protection work on construction sites. 7.6. Capacity building and training 7.6.1. Training on safeguard policies Because PPMU has implemented projects funded by the WB, therefore, some staff of PPMU may have certain knowledge about WB's safeguard policy requirements. PPMU has appointed an officer to take responsibility for implementing environmental safeguard. This environmental officer participated in the WB's safeguard policy training courses organized by the WB and the CPMU at the beginning and during the project implementation process. However, necessary training and capacity development is carried out every year through technical assistance activities of CPMU and its consultants and focus on new safeguard policy requirements. Due to new environmental, social, health and safety requirements (ESHS) is included in the standard bidding documents, training on requirements ESHS will be provided by CPMU safeguard officials to PPMU's environmental and social staff, construction supervision consultant, Environmental and social staff of contractors as soon as they are mobilized and PPMU will be responsible for organizing this training in coordination with CPMU safeguard officials. Such training courses will be held at the early stages of the subproject implementation process to ensure that ESMP is properly integrated into the bidding documents (and then the contract). Technical assistance should be provided by those who have the experience and skills of construction supervision consultants, and to comply with the terms of reference, including specific references to the development of the requirements of investors of standard bidding documents. 7.6.2. Training on occupational health and safety The terms will be made to provide health and occupational safety orientation training for all new workers to ensure they are informed about basic site regulations of field work and personal protection and injury prevention for colleagues. 170 Training will include basic hazards, specific hazards, safe labor practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation and natural disasters. Any specific hazards or color codes used will be considered thoroughly as part of orientation training. 7.6.3. Orientation program for visitors If visitors are allowed access to areas with hazardous conditions or substances, orientation and control programs will be set up to ensure visitors do not go into dangerous areas without accompanying people. 7.6.4. Training for contractors and new workers PPMU will ensure that workers and contractors, before starting new jobs, be trained and receive complete information so they can understand job hazards and protect themselves from surrounding hazardous factors that may be present. Training will cover fully: â–ª Understanding of materials, equipment and tools. â–ª Understanding the hazards in operation and how to control them. â–ª Potential health risks. â–ª Warnings to prevent exposure. â–ª Hygiene requirements. â–ª Wear and use of clothing and protective equipment. â–ª Suitable reaction for harsh operating states, incidents and accidents. 7.6.5. Training on basic occupational health and safety A basic training program and intensive courses will be taken when needed, to ensure that workers are oriented towards the specific hazards of individual job tasks. Training will generally be provided to managers, supervisors, workers, and casual visitors to risky and dangerous areas. Workers with first aid and rescue duties will receive special training to not intentionally aggravate exposure and health risks to themselves and their coworkers. Training will include the risks of infection with pathogens through blood due to contact with tissues and body fluids. Adopt appropriate contract terms and supervision, PPMU will ensure that service providers, as well as contracted workers or subcontractors, to be fully trained before the work begins. PPMU will be responsible for integrating CSCs and contractors' social and environment officers to organize the above training courses. 7.7. Environmental monitoring plan 7.7.1. Monitoring compliance with mitigation measures During the construction phase, the CSC who are able to report to the PPMU will carry out the environmental and social monitoring. The CSC will assign environmental and social staff who will be responsible for monitoring and supervising all construction activities to ensure that the mitigation measures selected in the CESMP are properly implemented and the negative environmental and social impacts caused by the subproject are minimized. The CSC will hire environmental and social monitoring engineers with knowledge of project management, construction and environmental and social management to perform the required responsibilities and supervise the implementation of the Contractor. In particular, the CSC’s environmental and social staff will: - On behalf of the PPMU, review and evaluate if the construction design meets the CESMP's requirements for mitigation and management measures; 171 - Supervise the Contractor's environmental and social management at the site including the implementation, experience and ability to address environmental and social issues on site and providing guidance on correction; - Review the Contractor's CESMP, verifying and confirming the environmental and social monitoring procedures, parameters, monitoring sites, equipment and results; - Report on the implementation of the CESMP to the PPMU and preparation of environmental and social monitoring reports during construction phase; - - In the context of the complicated development of the Covid-19 epidemic and rapid spread in the community, environmental and social supervisors will regularly update the health status of workers on the construction site, monitor the process of making medical declarations, complying with epidemic prevention measures promulgated by the Ministry of Health and the People's Committee of Ha Giang province. In case F0, F1 cases appear on the construction site, the situation will be promptly reported to the local medical team, local authorities, construction supervision, PPMU for timely medical treatment and isolation measures. - In the case of complicated developments of the Covid-19 epidemic that restricts access to the construction site, a remote monitoring measure will be added (online reporting and meeting, providing photos and videos describing specific environmental mitigation measures, sampling and environmental monitoring). - During construction, contractors are required to comply with contracts and legal issues on environmental issues: - All contractors’ reports on construction methods submitted to the CSC and the Ha Giang PPMU for approval must provide with adequate measures to control pollution and protect the environment. - The CSC and the PPMU will also review the progress and program of the works to verify that the relevant environmental laws are violated and to possibly prevent any one who manage to break the law. - The contractors must copy the documents relating to the SSEO and the ES of the CSC and the PPMU. The documents must at least include updated work progress reports, updated construction methods, and other licensing applications under the Environmental Protection Law and all valid permits/licenses. The Environmental and social staff of the CSC and the PPMU will also have right to access to the website logbook upon request. - After reviewing the documents, the environmental and social staff of the CSC and the PPMU will advise the PPMU and the Contractor on any non-compliance with the contractual and legal requirements relating to the environmental protection and pollution control so that they can continue the next actions. If the environmental and social staff of the CSC and the PPMU conclude that the status of the permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control activities may not be consistent with the works or may lead to violations of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they will promptly notify the Contractor and the PPMU. Detailed monitoring plans will be prepared in the detailed design phase. The cost of the monitoring program will be included in the cost of ESMP implementation. 7.7.2. Monitoring of ambient quality a. Periodic monitoring Ambient quality monitoring programs such as air, soil and water quality provide information that can be used to assess the effectiveness of pollution management strategies. A systematic planning process is recommended to ensure that the data collected is consistent with their intended purpose (and to avoid unnecessary data collection). This process, sometimes called 172 the data quality target process, determines the purpose of data collection, decisions based on data and the consequences of making wrong decisions, Time and geographical boundaries and data quality are needed to make an accurate decision. The ambient quality monitoring program will consider the following factors: Monitoring parameters: The selected monitoring parameters must reflect pollutants related to subproject procedures. Base calculation: Before the construction of the subproject, it is necessary to conduct monitoring of the surrounding environment of the subproject to assess the level of pollution of the interested pollutants. This will be used to identify impacts from the project when comparing with the baseline environmental conditions. Type and frequency of monitoring: Data on ambient quality must include potential pollutants associated with the subproject over time. Monitoring time and frequency can also be arranged from continuous to less frequent (e.g. monthly, quarterly or yearly). Monitoring positions: Monitoring of ambient quality may include external supervision by the investor or DONRE, or by both parties. The monitoring locations should be established based on the scientific methods and mathematical models to estimate the potential impact on receptors from waste generation, taking into account other aspects such as the location of potentially affected communities. Methods of sampling and analysis: Monitoring programs should apply national or international methods for sampling and sample analysis, as published by the International Standards Organization (ISO). Sampling must be conducted by or under the supervision of trained personnel. The analysis will be authorized or certified by this entity for this purpose. Quality control plans (QA / QC) for sampling and analysis must be applied and documented to ensure data quality is consistent with the intended use of the data (For example, detection limit methods are lower than interest levels). Monitoring reports should include QA / QC documents. Noise monitoring can be done to establish the current level of ambient noise in the area of the proposed subproject, or to check the noise level during operation phase. Noise monitoring programs need to be designed and implemented by trained professionals. Typical monitoring cycles need to be sufficient for statistical analysis and can last for 48 hours with the use of noise monitoring devices that can record data continuously during this time period, or by hour, or more often, if appropriate (or include different time periods for several days, including weekdays and weekends). The type of negative index recorded depends on the type of noise being monitored, established by a noise specialist. The device should be placed approximately 1,5 m above the ground and not more than 3m away for any reflective surface (e.g. wall). In general, noise level limits are expressed by ambient noise level or background noise level in case no noise source is being investigated. Details are shown in the table below: Table 7. 7: Environmental monitoring plan during construction and operation phase Applied Environment Observed National Responsibility Location Frequency component parameters technical to implement regulations 1. Construction phase 173 Applied Environment Observed National Responsibility Location Frequency component parameters technical to implement regulations Measuring and Once Every 3 PM10, sampling at 05 months PM2.5 QCVN Air quality construction 05:2013/BT PPMU sites NMT Measuring and Once Every 3 Equivalent QCVN sampling at 05 months noise (dBA) Noise 26:2010/BT PPMU construction NMT sites 02 samples (01 Once Every 3 pH, DO, in reservoir bed months COD, BOD5, QCVN 08- Surface and 01 in stream TSS, , Total MT: water near the N, grease, 2015/BTN PPMU quality construction Total P, total MT area) in 05 Coliforms reservoirs 2. Operation phase 1 time of pH, DO, monitoring COD, BOD5, after TSS, , Total completing N, grease, At 05 reservoirs, the Total P, total each reservoir is QCVN 08- construction Coliforms Water 2 locations: MT: and PPMU quality At Culvert's exit 2015/BTN completing On the irrigation MT the canal monitoring before handing over the work The location of periodic monitoring samples coincides with the position sampled during ESIA implementation. During the deployment process, depending on the construction conditions of items, it is possible to adjust the environmental quality monitoring position to suit the reality. See details in Appendix A7. b) Incident monitoring The purpose of this monitoring is to assess the level of soil and water pollution caused by unexpected waste discharge such as discharging waste water and waste oil into nearby water sources and land and make timely decisions on pollution control to reduce environmental risks. An incident monitoring plan will be developed in the first phase of the subproject implementation and submitted to PMU for approval. This plan will identify potential environmental risks due to the discharge of wastes such as waste water and waste oil into nearby water sources. The plan also identifies resources to monitor this issue, such as personnel, equipment, locations and monitoring parameters, analytical methods, specialized laboratories, and estimates. 174 7.7.3. Dam safety monitoring After filling water and operating the dam, the dam owner is responsible for performing dam safety monitoring. This work is done by qualified independent experts who are not involved in the investigation, design, construction or operation of the dam. After normal operation, dam tests are conducted regularly, including safety checks before and after the annual flood season, comply with Government Decree (No. 114/2018 / ND-CP) on Dam Safety Management. 7.8. Estimated cost The cost of implementing mitigation measures will be included in construction costs. The cost of environmental quality monitoring during construction is described in the following table: Table 7. 8: Estimated cost for environment monitoring No Items Cost (VND) 1 Monitoring implementation of environmental and social 260,540,000 management plans Total 260,540,000 Community participation in the ESIA implementation process is completely voluntary for the benefit of communities and households themselves. Therefore, the people involved in monitoring the ESMP will not be paid. However, to encourage community participation, it is necessary to allocate material costs and tools to monitor activities and support some chosen members of the community to participate in the monitoring process. According to the Prime Minister's Decision No. 80/2005 / QD-TTg dated April 18, 2005 on the Regulation on supervision of community investment and Joint Circular guiding the implementation of Decision No. 80/2005/QD-TTg, “Costs paid for community investment monitoring activities in communes / wards are reflected in the estimated cost value of the budget of the Commune Fatherland Front Committee and deducted from the commune / district budget; financial support for propaganda, organizing training courses and guidance, preliminary and final reports on the monitoring of investment by the provincial and district communities are balanced in the estimated cost value of the provincial / district Fatherland Front, deducted from the provincial budget.â€? Table 7. 9: Budget sources for the ESMP implementation Content Cost Budget (a) Implementing mitigation measures Part of the construction contract WB during construction (b) Compliance monitoring Part of the cost of Construction WB Supervision Consultant (CSC) (c) Activities of PMU on aspects of Part of the cost from the PMU Counterpart environmental safety policies fund (d) Environmental quality monitoring Cost of renting environmental WB monitoring (e) Capacity building program on Cost of hiring training and WB safeguard policy training 175 Table 7. 10: Summary of mitigation measures Mitigation measures Locations Applied Estimated Responsibl Supervisi Environmental standards costs e for on parties and social issues (VND) implement ation Preparation phase Land clearance, Only clearing on the identified area. Subproject Expenses Affected Ha Giang temporary and Make use of plant waste as raw materials or fuel, area for household PPMU permanent land Collect unused vegetable waste and transport it to local compensati head and local acquisition landfill, on and site communit Regenerate vegetation as soon as possible to maintain the clearance y and landscape, microclimate conditions, and habitat of local DPCs, animals. CPCs Land acquisition: Compensation, support and resettlement for people All Land Law No. 189.469.96 People's Ha Giang The total area of affected by losses of land, houses, income and assets. subproject 45/2013 / 4 Committees PPMU permanently- Implementation of site clearance compensation will areas QH13, related of districts and local acquired land is comply with the updated resettlement plan of the affected decrees and and communit 615m2, from 7 subproject. circulars communes y households in including: rice subproject land, forest production land, garden land. The total area of temporarily- acquired land is 14,750 m2 managed by PPCs 176 Mitigation measures Locations Applied Estimated Responsibl Supervisi Environmental standards costs e for on parties and social issues (VND) implement ation Mine risks Ensure a safe distance and warn people in the process of Subproject QCVN Cost of Units with Ha Giang complying with exactly like QCV 01:2012/BQP area 01:2012/BQP mine military PPMU National technical regulations on clearance of bombs, QCVN clearance functions explosives and QCVN 02:2008/BCT 02:2008/BCT National technical regulations on safety in transporting, Circulars preserving, using and destroying industrial explosives 146/2007/TT- BQP Pollution of All QCVN 09-MT: Cost of FS Ha Giang After geological exploration drilling, the surveying design groundwater due subproject 2015 preparing Consulting PPMU unit implements drilling holes and backfilling in the areas to geological areas FS to minimize the impact of washing away dirt on boreholes exploration affected that can affect the quality of underground water drilling Construction phase The common Practical environmental rules (ECOP), All Current laws, Included in Contractors Ha Giang environmental Measures to minimize specific impacts. subproject decrees, constructio PPMU, and social areas circulars and n costs CSC, ISC, impacts are affected national DONRE, related to including technical local construction constructi regulations communit activities and on site, Guidance on the y specific impacts transportat environment, ion routes, health and material safety of the mines WB group Operation phase 177 Mitigation measures Locations Applied Estimated Responsibl Supervisi Environmental standards costs e for on parties and social issues (VND) implement ation Risk of drowning Equip signage and install dangerous warning system on Official Letter dam and reservoir areas. No. 5675 / Operating Reservoir The dam Propagating about the risk of drowning in communities BGDDT-GDTC costs of DARD area owner near reservoirs. November 30, reservoirs 2017 Domestic waste Limit activities that generate solid waste and waste water. from activities of No littering. reservoir Waste must be collected and transported to the local Operating operators and landfill. Reservoir Decree 38/2015 The dam costs of DARD visitors Wastewater must be collected into settlements before being area / ND-CP owner reservoirs discharged into the outside environment. If reservoir operators are present regularly on reservoirs, septic toilets need to be built. Repairs and Informing downstream residents about the annual repair Decree No. maintenance may and maintenance plan. 114/2018 / ND- result in reduced Perform periodic repair and maintenance activities for a CP dated water supply for short period of time and at the time of lowest water demand. Reservoir September 4, Operating downstream Take measures to maintain water supply during repair to area and 2018 of the The dam costs of DARD ensure there is no interruption of water supply. downstrea Government on owner reservoirs m area safety management of dams and reservoirs Regulating Prepare an emergency response plan as part of the dam Reservoir Decree No. Operating reservoirs and safety report before the reservoirs are put into operation. area and 114/2018 / ND- The dam costs of DARD flood discharge in downstrea CP dated owner reservoirs case of big floods m area September 4, 178 Mitigation measures Locations Applied Estimated Responsibl Supervisi Environmental standards costs e for on parties and social issues (VND) implement ation affecting Management and operation units should promptly and 2018 of the downstream accurately inform flood discharge plans so that the Government on community can take initiative in grasping and responding. safety At times when insecurity is likely to occur such as stormy management of season, it is necessary to send people to regularly monitor dams and and be on duty to ensure proper water regulation. reservoirs Building safety corridors for flood discharge, based on scenarios of impact levels forecast; Specific solutions are detailed in the Dam Safety report and emergency response plan. Risks of natural The management unit that operates the reservoirs will Reservoir Decree No. Operating The dam DARD disasters causing regularly check the reservoir safety. area and 114/2018 / ND- costs of owner unsafety Strictly follow the operating procedures to ensure safety for downstrea CP dated reservoirs the reservoir. m area September 4, The reservoir management unit works closely with the 2018 of the Commune People's Committee and local people to Government on promptly report risks related to dam safety to take timely safety measures. management of Local people and local authorities take initiative in dams and community-based disaster response plans. reservoirs Develop scenarios for forecasting impacts on space due to dam failure, migration options, safety measures for life and property of community in emergency situations, ... Detailed content is shown in subproject dam safety report and emergency response plan. The list of specific mitigation measures for each reservoir is summarized in the following table: 179 Table 7. 11: Summary of specific mitigation measures for each reservoir during construction phase Environmental, Work Mitigation measures Location Responsibility Monitoring social issue -Fully apply general environmental mitigation measures as in Construction Contractor CSC, Ha Tat - Issues due to arising ECOP area, Giang Lang of dust, noise, -Notify specific construction schedule to households and local transportation PPMU, wastewater, solid authorities; road, community, waste, and hazardous - Regularly spray water to reduce dust at the material yard, temporary community waste; social impacts: embankment, and waste land; arrange tarpaulin cover in high dumping site monitoring traffic, community wind days board health and safety, - Properly follow the process of dumping: compacting each workers…. layer immediately after dumping, not dumping and leveling the - Landslide at the landfill on rainy days; trucks carrying soil in accordance with temporary dump site, the permitted load regulations; next to the foot of the - Do not carry out dumping of waste soil at night; dam downstream; - When the construction is completed, make use of waste soil to compact the foot of the roof downstream of the dam, within the protection corridor of the work, plant grass to create a landscape, restore the cover to protect the foot of the dam downstream. Pu -Fully apply general environmental mitigation measures as in Construction Contractor CSC, Ha Tien - Issues due to arising ECOP area, Giang of dust, noise, -Notify specific construction schedule to households and local transportation PPMU, wastewater, solid authorities; road, community, waste, and hazardous - Regularly spray water to reduce dust at the material yard, temporary community waste; social impacts: embankment, and waste land; arrange tarpaulin cover in high dumping site monitoring traffic, community wind days board health and safety, - Properly follow the process of dumping: compacting each workers…. layer immediately after dumping, not dumping and leveling the 180 Environmental, Work Mitigation measures Location Responsibility Monitoring social issue - Landslide at the landfill on rainy days; trucks carrying soil in accordance with temporary dump site, the permitted load regulations; next to the foot of the - Do not carry out dumping of waste soil at night; dam downstream; - When the construction is completed, make use of waste soil to compact the foot of the roof downstream of the dam, within the protection corridor of the work, plant grass to create a landscape, restore the cover to protect the foot of the dam downstream. Na -Fully apply general environmental mitigation measures as in Construction Contractor CSC, Ha Luong - Issues due to arising ECOP area, Giang of dust, noise, -Notify specific construction schedule to households and local transportation PPMU, wastewater, solid authorities; road, community, waste, and hazardous - Regularly spray water to reduce dust at the material yard, temporary community waste; social impacts: embankment, and waste land; arrange tarpaulin cover in high dumping site monitoring traffic, community wind days board health and safety, - Properly follow the process of dumping: compacting each workers…. layer immediately after dumping, not dumping and leveling the - Landslide at the landfill on rainy days; trucks carrying soil in accordance with temporary dump site, the permitted load regulations; next to the foot of the - Do not carry out dumping of waste soil at night; dam downstream; - When the construction is completed, make use of waste soil to compact the foot of the roof downstream of the dam, within the protection corridor of the work, plant grass to create a landscape, restore the cover to protect the foot of the dam downstream. Kim - Issues due to arising -Fully apply general environmental mitigation measures as in Construction Contractor CSC, Ha Tien of dust, noise, ECOP area, Giang wastewater, solid -Notify specific construction schedule to households and local transportation PPMU, waste, and hazardous authorities; road, community, 181 Environmental, Work Mitigation measures Location Responsibility Monitoring social issue waste; social impacts: - Do not carry out dumping of waste soil at night; residential community traffic, community - Regularly spray water to reduce dust at the material yard, area near the monitoring health and safety, embankment, and waste land; arrange tarpaulin cover in high construction board workers…. wind days site - Properly follow the process of dumping: compacting each There is 1 household (3 layer immediately after dumping, not dumping and leveling the people) living near the landfill on rainy days; trucks carrying soil in accordance with main dam construction the permitted load regulations; area (>70m from the - Do not arrange material storage yards, construction camps construction area). near people's houses, fully apply measures to minimize impacts The existing dam on the environment and society; route is combined with - Limiting construction activities at night; a traffic road to some - When constructing the dam, arrange temporary roads for households in Kim people to connect traffic; ensure traffic safety issues for people Tien village (about 7 passing through this area. households) Khu - Issues due to arising -Fully apply general environmental mitigation measures as in Construction Contractor CSC, Ha Vang of dust, noise, ECOP area, Giang wastewater, solid - Regularly spray water to reduce dust at the material yard, transportation PPMU, waste, and hazardous embankment, and waste land; arrange tarpaulin cover in high road, community, waste; social impacts: wind days residential community traffic, community - Do not arrange material storage yards, construction camps area near the monitoring health and safety, near people's houses, fully apply measures to minimize impacts construction board workers…. on the environment and society; site, electric - Near the main dam - Limiting construction activities at night; line crossing construction area, -Notify specific construction schedule to households and local the dam area there is 1 household authorities; living and there is an - Establish a "no-access" area around or under power electric line going transmission lines; 182 Environmental, Work Mitigation measures Location Responsibility Monitoring social issue along the construction - The following acts are strictly prohibited (according to Decree and operation route to 14/2004/ND-CP of the Government on electrical safety): Phai village, Bach + Using electricity poles as camps; Ngoc commune, Vi + Using the power transmission line for other purposes without Xuyen district. the permission of the management agency; + Using equipment that can cause vibration or damage to power transmission lines + Store materials, equipment, and waste in safe corridors; + Stockpiling explosives, flammable materials and chemicals that can cause corrosion or damage to transmission lines; + Digging causes subsidence for electricity poles; + Stealing items of power transmission lines. - Make a dismantling plan (if it has to be relocated) and notify people and production facilities around the area when it is time to dismantle and stop supplying electricity. - Contractors, PMUs coordinate with functional agencies (EVN Ha Giang), using the right specialized workers in the dismantling process. - Install temporary power poles so as not to interrupt people's electricity use, after the construction is completed, the power pole must be returned to its original condition. 183 CHAPTER 8: COMMUNITY CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 8.1. Summary of public consultation During period of environmental and social assessment, public consultations with the participation of local authorities and people in subproject area to gather opinion for the project owner to propose mitigation measures to reduce negative environmental and social impacts associated with the subproject and to establish an environmental and social management program during the project implementation time while maximizing economic, environmental and social benefits of the project implementation. The objectives of the community consultation that served the ESIA report include: â–ª Introduction on the scales and construction methods; â–ª Share information of the subproject and potential effects of it â–ª Encourage the participation of communities and local authorities in identifying the environmental impacts of the project; â–ª Gather information about needs as well as suggestions from local people and local authorities for the project's development, and provide suggestions on how to reduce the impact of the project, minimize the environmental impact of the project or consider adjustments during the technical design phase. – The public consultation process has been carried out in the context of the complicated and serious Covid-19 epidemic. Local authorities always apply measures to limit, isolate, keep a distance. The implementation of social impact assessment must comply with epidemic prevention measures as prescribed by the state and local authorities, especially ensuring the implementation of social distancing. Therefore, it was not able to directly organize public consultations. The methods of focus group discussion/community meeting, in-depth interview were not implemented. The opinion collection from several households is done through telephone interviews or face-to-face discussions with each person, in small groups (following the principle of keeping a distance of 2m, wearing a mask). The consultation with the residential community in the project area is carried out by the Investor through coordination with local government agencies to disseminate information about the project and synthesize the opinions of people in the area. . 184 Table 8. 1: Contents covered in the public consultation in the subproject districts Number of Date Location Components Contents covered in the public consultation participants Share information about the subproject. 7 people from the Director and PPMU and Comment and evaluate the field trip in the localities; 16- PPMU and 10 people members of the MARD of Ha 17/7/2021 from the ESIA PPMU and ESIA The director of the PPMU provided feedbacks about the field Giang province consultant consultants trip, guide and provide support to the ESIA consultant in implementing the public consultation. Share information about the investment items and planned schedule of the project. People’s Chief of office of Vi Collect views and feedback and concerns about environmental 10/2021 Committee of Vi 15 people Xuyen District and issues in the subproject areas. Xuyen District relevant units Inform the district about the investment items which will be implemented in the district and collect relevant documents in the locality Share information about the investment items and planned People’s Chief of office of schedule of the project Committee of 10/2021 15 people Bac Quang district Inform the district about the investment items which will be Bac Quang and relevant units implemented in the district and collect relevant documents in the District locality 185 8.1.1. Summary of public consultation with CPCs and affected households The public consultation was carried out between four parties, including: local authorities, local people, the investor (the Management Board of the construction investment project of agricultural and rural development projects in Ha Giang province) and the ESIA consult, to gather views from the People's Committees of communes in the subproject areas (04 communes: Bang Hanh Commune, Kim Ngoc Commune, Vo Diem, Bach Ngoc commune), where the 05 reservoirs are located, about assessment of the reservoir’s existing conditions and performance. During the consultation, the ESIA consultant will inform the audience about the potentially negative environmental impacts during the project implementation, the proposed measures to mitigate such impacts. The local leaders and people in the affected areas gave comments on compensation issues, confirmed about information of the subproject, other comments related to the construction process, support from the local authorities in upgrading and repairing the work items. The consultation was also focused on environmental issues and mitigation measures implemented by relevant parties. â–ª Supports and disagreements risen from the public consultation will be included in the ESIA. â–ª Views and feedbacks from the subproject communes will be attached in the appendix of the report. â–ª Comments witnessed and confirmed by the local authorities are included in the minutes of the public consultation meeting. â–ª In addition to the comments from the local authorities, the consultant also consulted in detail with the households around the reservoirs and the beneficiaries of the subproject 186 Table 8. 2: Summary of the public consultations Number of people being Contents covered in the Date Locations Parties interviewed and consultation consulted Public consultation in Vo Diem Commune, Bac Quang District Share information of the 21/7/2021 20 people subproject, collect relevant Field trip to Na Luong, Pu Tien reservoirs and directly documents about socio- interview some affected households economic conditions, and Chairman of existing conditions of the Public consultation in Kim Ngoc Commune, Bac the People’s reservoirs in the localities Quang District Committee, 20/7/2021 20 people Survey and conduct in-depth Field trip to Tat Lang reservoir and directly interview Women’s interviews with affected some affected households Union, CCB, households and beneficiaries youth Union, from the subproject Public consultation in Bang Hanh Commune, Bac affected and Quang District benefited Field inspection on the existing 19/7/2021 20 people households conditions of the reservoirs, Field trip to Kim Tien reservoir and directly interview from the gather views and feedback some affected households subproject from technical staff in charge of the reservoir, assess the Public consultation in Kim Ngoc Commune, Vi damages and the ability to Xuyen District 22/72021 20 people repair or replace of items of the Field trip to Khu Vang reservoir and directly interview reservoirs. some affected households 187 8.1.2. Summary of public consultations with affected households The PPMU and ESIA consultant and the local authorities of the subproject communes held a public consultation with directly affected households and beneficiaries from the subproject. The consultation was chaired by the representatives of the local authorities of 04 communes and the investor (the PPMU), with the participation of the village heads and other stakeholders, households directly affected and benefited from the subproject of repairing and upgrading the dam safety in Ha Giang province, with 05 additional lakes 8.2. Results of the public consultations Comments from the CPC for the ESIA of the subproject: Ha Giang dam rehabilitation and safety improvement, with 05 additional reservoirs can be summarized in the following highlights (For details, refer to Appendix A5): â–ª CPCs in the subproject area agree with the implementation of the subproject and are expected to support a number of items as well as mitigation measures. â–ª The selected works are reasonable and do not affect the general planning of communes and districts, which is also the desire of the people to put the project into operation to improve the local livelihoods and production. â–ª Upon completion of the project, the local economy will develop, stabilize and increase crops, and change the production structure by ensuring a stable water source. â–ª Dam rehabilitation and safety improvement is really meaningful to the economic development of the districts in general and of the communes in the subproject area in particular, but in the course of project implementation there will be some impact on the life activities of people, but according to evaluation and comments in community consultation, these impacts are not significant. â–ª The subproject areas encompass a number of earth canals which do not meet the requirements of operation. In the flood season, the reservoirs and overflowing dams are not guaranteed in term of safety due to cracks appearing on the dam body, and the damaged downstream valves. Moreover, there no budget for repairing. Therefore, the implementation of upgrading the reservoirs is the greatest desire of the people and local authorities. â–ª Request the investor to cooperate with the Board of compensation for ground clearance of the district to inventory the affected agricultural land and number of affected households and soon implement the compensation and support policy for these people. â–ª Local authorities and villagers agreed to support the construction, repair and upgrade the dams for 05 reservoirs and provide favorable conditions for the investor and related units to do their tasks. â–ª The investor and construction unit need to seriously comply with the requirements of the Government, the Ministry of Health, and the People's Committee of Ha Giang province on Covid-19 prevention â–ª Will be ready to hand over the ground and the land associated with the work so that investors can start the subproject implement as soon as possible. 188 Table 8. 3:Views and feedback from the local authorities and organizations Number of Date Location Feedback from the local authorities and organizations participants The local authorities completely agree to repair and improve dam safety. To implement the subproject as soon as possible and the construction shall be Public consultation completed in a shortest period of time to avoid effects on population lives. in Vo Diem Commune, Bac Request PMU and construction unit to carry out the construction measures and apply Quang District suitable construction time to avoid affecting the agricultural production of people 21/7/2021 20 people during the construction. Field trip at Na Luong, Pu Tien There should be a compensation plan for the affected households reservoirs For inter-village roads in the construction area, if there is damage during the construction process, there must be compensation and site reimbursement after construction (Lam and Me Ha village inter-village road) The local authorities completely agree to repair and improve dam safety. Request the construction shall be completed in the shortest period of time to avoid Public consultation affecting people’s lives in Kim Ngoc Inform about water cutoff or related activities in advance to the affected households Commune, Bac to minimize impacts on people and for local authorities to make initiatives 20/7/2021 Quang District 20 people responding to such events. Field trip at Tat Lang Suitable time for construction: from January to March (dry season). reservoir The construction sites do not have graves or historical relics, and there are no households subject to relocation. The subproject only impact on the local agricultural production. 19/7/2021 Public consultation 20 people The local authorities completely agree to repair and improve dam safety. in Bang Hanh 189 Number of Date Location Feedback from the local authorities and organizations participants Commune, Bac To implement the Project as soon as possible and the construction period shall be in Quang District the shortest period of time to avoid effects on local people. Construction schedule is consistent with the planting schedule of people in the project area Field trip at Kim Tien reservoir Apply suitable construction measures and time to avoid affecting production. Besides, the commune also suggested that the PMU and the construction unit announce the construction schedule for the commune authorities to be aware of the situation. In and around the construction areas, there are no households, but only cultivation land. In the construction area, there is a big stream that can provide water for irrigation when water cutoff is required for construction of the dam. The local authorities completely agree to repair and improve dam safety. Public consultation To implement the subproject as soon as possible and the construction shall be in Kim Ngoc completed in the shortest period of time to avoid effects on local people. Need to Commune, Vi Xuyen ensure the construction time after harvest. 22/72021 District 20 people Ensure safety during transportation of materials and during construction process. Field trip at Khu Two crops took place in May-June and September-October so the constructor shall Vang reservoir notify the localities about the project schedule in advance to minimize impacts on the agricultural production. 190 8.2.2. Feedback from representatives of directly affected communities Comments from communities directly affected by the project, at the community consultation meetings led by commune level representatives and the investor, can be summarized in some main ideas as follows (reports for community consultation and list of affected households are shown in Appendix A5). Interviewed people and commune officials warmly supported the subproject of repairing and upgrading the reservoirs in Ha Giang province. Comments and recommendations from the interviewees are summarized as follows: â–ª It is necessary to register with the local authorities for location of workers ‘camps and temporary residence of workers so that the local authorities could provide timely assistance if any incidents occur. â–ª Select comparable disposal sites and return the transport roads, areas of workers ‘camps and auxiliaries to the original conditions upon the completion of construction. â–ª Local people are very concerned about risks associated with construction such as traffic accidents during the material transportation, but this impact is assessed to be at a small level. Local people requested the contractor to prepare Traffic Management Plan for the construction phase, to ensure traffic safety. The contractor is required to set up warning signs to keep local people from entering the construction sites or dangerous areas. Local people should be advised about the routes used for transportation with minimal impacts from the construction activities. â–ª Investors, construction units, commune and district authorities should set up a monitoring committee to gather on-site feedback and assessment to ensure the construction progress and hence minimize impacts on the community. â–ª The monitoring committee established on-site shall closely supervise the implementation of compliance with mitigation measures proposed by the Environmental Consultants. â–ª It is necessary to inform the community about the timeline of the construction so that affected households can adjust their agricultural cultivation schedule to minimize impacts from the subproject. â–ª Request the investor and the contractor to strictly implement the mitigation measures proposed in the ESMP. Investor shall closely supervise the contractor and require the contractor to strictly implement the mitigation measures to minimize the environmental impact as committed. â–ª Adequate compensation policy for households affected by land acquisition so that they can stabilize their lives as soon as possible. 8.2.3. Responses and commitments from the subproject owner regarding recommendations, suggestions, requests from consulted agencies, organizations and communities Questions and feedbacks on impacts from the repairing and upgrading of 05 reservoirs in 04 communes of Ha Giang province on the local environment were answered by the subproject owner and ESIA consultant in the public consultation with representatives of the communes. Compensation for affected households will be conducted in accordance with the PPC, province's decision, the general policy of the Government, and individual policies of each locality. In addition, there are policies on training and support to households having lands acquired for the subproject. As for households who request for relocation (in the existing residential areas), the district People's Committees are recommended to work with professional agencies to change the land use of some garden and production forest land into residential land in accordance with the 191 specific regulations of the locality and provide legal support these households to quickly settle down in the new areas. For voluntary immigrant households who have not yet found new residential land, the commune authorities are requested to consider allocating the residential land under the planning or supplementing land into the planning for residential areas in the period 2020- 2025 for approval. As for land under clearance, it shall be accurately measured and marked for determining the area of each type of land, land origin. This shall serve as basis for setting the compensation price; With regard to property and crops on land under clearance, it is necessary to identify and tally, in agreement with the head of the affected household for compensation in accordance with the specific provisions of Ha Giang province. Meetings will be held to discuss and publicize the land acquisition plan and complete the compensation procedures as soon as possible. In addition, the construction process will affect the inter-communal route. The investor proposed the People's Committee of Vi Xuyen, Bac Quang districts, communes of the project area to use some existing roads to serve the transportation of equipment and construction materials, after completing the works, the investor will deduct part of the budget to support the upgrading of the road, contributing to the construction of infrastructure for the communes and districts in the project area. In addition, the investor also expects the cooperation of local authorities in propaganda and mobilization to each household so that the farmers understand and timely support the investor to complete the task. Finally, the investor is committed to implementing measures to minimize negative environmental impacts of the implementation of the work, coordinate with the local security and order and will comply with the requirements that People's Committees of communes in the project area have made. 8.3. Information disclosure Subproject of Ha Giang dam rehabilitation and safety improvement complies with the WB's policies and national regulations. Information of the subproject is publicized on all media, as follows: Publicizing information about the subproject: During the first consultation meetings, the information of the subproject was disseminated to the local authorities and people in the subproject communities such as: locations, scale of work items, subproject objectives, construction methodologies, construction progress, potential impacts during the phases of the subproject, safety policies applied to the subproject. Prior to the second consultation, in October 2018, a draft reports of ESIA and RAP were sent to the Commune People's Committees, NGOs (Women's Union ...) and representatives of affected households in the 02 districts (Vi Xuyen, Bac Quang) for review and comments. As of December 2021, the final report of ESIA in Vietnamese language will be published on the project website, and at people's committees of the subproject communes for the local authorities, NGOs and affected people to access. The report in English is published on the WB’s website prior to the appraisal process. 192 Table 8. 4: Summary of information disclosure process Information Forms of Expected Locations disclosure disclosure timeline Information of the â–ª Public â–ª Subproject localities; â–ª July 2021 subproject consultation â–ª Construction sites â–ª News â–ª Commune People's â–ª October â–ª News Committees of 02 districts 2021 Draft ESIA â–ª Office of (Vi Xuyen, Bac Quang); â–ª November DONRE â–ª DONRE of Ha Giang. 2021 â–ª The offices of CPCs of 02 districts (Vi Xuyen, Bac â–ª May 2022 â–ª News Quang) â–ª the website and portal of â–ª May 2022 â–ª WB’s website the WB; Final ESIA (in English and â–ª CPO’s office â–ª the website of the CPMU â–ª May 2022 Vietnamese) and website â–ª Office of â–ª Office of the PPMU â–ª May 2022 PPMU â–ª Office of â–ª DONRE of Ha Giang â–ª May 2022 DONRE 193 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION 1. Conclusions The subproject of Ha Giang dam rehabilitation and safety improvement is necessary to ensure the safety and stability of the works; meeting the water demand of the socio-economic development of the subproject area. (i) The subproject is classified as Category B in accordance with the WB’s Environment Safeguard Policy. The subproject is not located in environmentally sensitive areas and do not fall into the "exclusion" criteria of the WB. (ii) The report adequately identified and assessed significant impacts in all three phases of preparation, construction and operation. At the same time, it outlined the mitigation measures with the consultations with local authorities and affected people including the vulnerable groups. (iii)The implementation of Ha Giang Dam Rehabilitation and Safety Improvement subproject – 5 additional reservoirs may cause negative impacts during the construction phase. However, as the scale of construction works is small, the impacts are in short term and within small and negligible scope, therefore, feasible mitigation measures are introduced and appropriate to the natural and socio-economic conditions and local management and construction conditions. The Environmental Social Management and Monitoring Plan was established to monitor impacts to keep the project management level and the local authorities are regularly updated on the implementation of the construction items of the subproject. The monitoring system was prepared and the WB approved it. It will be applied during the subproject implementation. The CSC will regularly monitor and make monthly reports to the PPMU, which will be independent from the Contractor's environment compliance reports to be submitted to the CPMU 2. Recommendations Based on the findings of the environmental impact assessment and the Environment Social Management Plan outlined in this document, it is recommended that: - The mitigation measures mentioned in the Environment and Social Management Plan will be developed as an integral part of the Construction Bidding Documents. The contractors will do breakdown the workload and submit the total cost for the implementation of the mitigation measures. The cost is considered as the implementation cost of the Environment Safeguard Policy and will be paid when the contractors committed that they have been effectively implemented the mitigation measures. - Based on the Environment and Social Impact Assessment Report, the PPMU recommends the competent authorities and the World Bank to review and approve the Environment Social Impact Assessment of Ha Giang subproject – 5 additional reservoirs to make a basis for implementing the next steps and ensure the subproject progress. 194 REFERENCES 1. Report on investment project "Repair and improve the safety of the dams in Ha Giang province, with additional 05 reservoirs"; 2. Ha Giang Department of Natural Resources and Environment, “Report on environmental status of Ha Giang province between 2015 and 2020â€?, 2020; 3. Department of Planning and Investment of Ha Giang province, “Master plan for socio- economic development of Ha Giang province in 2020â€?. 4. Reports summarizing the implementation of socio-economic, defense and security targets of the communes of Vo Diem, Bang Hanh, Kim Ngoc, Bach Ngoc, Ha Giang province; 5. Pham Ngoc Dang, Air environment, Science and Technology Publishing House, 1997; 6. Truong Manh Tien, "Environmental monitoring", Hanoi National University Publishing House, 2006; 7. Nguyen Dinh Hoe, “Environment and Sustainable Developmentâ€?, Hanoi Education Publishing House, 2006; 8. Environmental Assessment Guidelines, Asian Development Bank, 2003. 9. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environment, WB, Washington D.C, 1991 10. P.A. Economopolous, Assessment of Sources of Water, Solid, Air and Land Pollution Sources, WHO, Geneva, 1993 195